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Kokkinos P, Faselis C, Myers J, Sui X, Pittaras A, Doumas M, Narayan P, Kyritsi M, Aiken M, Blair S. Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk for Developing Atrial Fibrillation in High Risk Individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000478230.98235.0c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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152
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Li C, Sui X, Blair SN, Xiong K. A Cross-sectional Study of Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Gallbladder Disease. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000476880.85227.b2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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153
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Paluch AE, Shook RP, Drenowatz C, Sui X, Hand GA, Blair SN. Does The Number Of Bouts Used To Accumulate Mvpa Matter For Fitness And Fatness? Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000477229.58530.ff] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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154
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Sui X, Feng FJ, Zhao D, Xing M, Sun XY, Han SJ, Li MH. Mating system patterns of natural populations of Pinus koraiensis along its post-glacial colonization route in northeastern China. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:4113-24. [PMID: 25966183 DOI: 10.4238/2015.april.27.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
To understand the genetic mechanisms underlying the endangerment of Pinus koraiensis, we studied the mating system of 49 families of this species in 3 natural populations along its post-glacial colonization route across ~1500 km in northeastern China using the chloroplast simple sequence repeat technique. We analyzed 11 polymorphic loci with clear and repeating bands, and we calculated the multi-locus outcrossing rate (tm), single-locus outcrossing rate, inbreeding index, and fixation index (F). Intra-population variation was not observed, but a large inter-population variation was observed in the outcrossing rate, and the tm increased from 0.767 (the south population) to 0.962 (the north population) along the post-glacial colonization route. The tm values within a population did not change with time over 2 consecutive years. The F values for the 3 populations were <0, which indicates an excess of heterozygotes. The mean effective number of alleles, Shannon diversity index, and Nei's genetic diversity index did not show a south-north pattern. The north population had the highest outcrossing rate but the lowest genetic diversity. The average genetic differentiation of P. koraiensis populations was 0.1251, which was within the average range of woody plants with outcrossing and wind pollination. This study suggests that the current endangerment of P. koraiensis is not related to its genetic structure; perhaps it is mainly caused by man-made and natural disturbances such as deforestation and fire. Therefore, reducing disturbances and enhancing habitats, rather than the genetic aspects, play more important roles in the long-term protection of P. koraiensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sui
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - F J Feng
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - D Zhao
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - M Xing
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - X Y Sun
- Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - S J Han
- State Key Laboratory of Forest and Soil Ecology, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China
| | - M H Li
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
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155
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Clennin MN, Payne JPW, Rienzi EG, Lavie CJ, Blair SN, Pate RR, Sui X. Association between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health-Related Quality of Life among Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease in Uruguay. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0123989. [PMID: 25901358 PMCID: PMC4406735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association between objectively measured CRF and physical and mental components of HRQoL in a Uruguayan cohort at risk for developing CVD. METHODS Patient data records from 2002-2012 at the Calidad de Vida Center were examined. To assess CRF, participants performed a submaximal exercise test. During the evaluation, participants also completed the SF-36, a HRQoL measure comprised of eight dimensions that are summarized by physical and mental component scores (PCS and MCS, respectively). ANCOVA was used to examine the relationship between HRQoL dimensions and CRF. Logistic regression was then used to compare the odds of having a HRQoL component score above the norm across CRF. All analyses were performed separately for males and females with additional stratified analyses across age and BMI conducted among significant trends. RESULTS A total of 2,302 subjects were included in the analysis. Among females, a significant relationship was observed between CRF and vitality, physical functioning, physical role, bodily pain, and general health dimensions. However, for males the only dimension found to be significantly associated with CRF was physical health. After adjusting for potential confounders, a significant linear trend (p<0.001) for PCS scores above the norm across CRF levels was observed for females only. CONCLUSION Among females with one or more risk factors for developing CVD, higher levels of CRF were positively associated with the vitality and physical dimensions of HRQoL, as well as the overall PCS. However, among males the only dimension associated with CRF was physical functioning. Future studies should examine this relationship among populations at risk for developing CVD in more detail and over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan N. Clennin
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Jonathan P. W. Payne
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Edgardo G. Rienzi
- Especialista en Medicina del Deporte, Centro Calidad de Vida, Asociación Española, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School-the University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States
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156
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Abdelmawgoud A, Brown CJ, Sui X, Fonarow GC, Kokkinos PF, Bittner V, Aronow WS, Kheirbek RE, Fletcher RD, Blair SN, Ahmed A. Relationship of Physical Activity and Healthy Eating with Mortality and Incident Heart Failure among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Normal Body Mass Index. ESC Heart Fail 2015; 2:20-24. [PMID: 27499885 PMCID: PMC4973627 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Normal body mass index (BMI) is associated with lower mortality and may be achieved by physical activity (PA), healthy eating (HE), or both. We examined the association of PA and HE with mortality and incident heart failure (HF) among 2040 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 65 years with baseline BMI 18.5 to 24.99 kg/m2 during 13 years of follow-up in Cardiovascular Health Study. METHODS AND RESULTS Baseline PA was defined as ≥500 weekly metabolic equivalent task-minutes (MET-minutes) and HE as ≥5 daily servings of vegetable and fruit intake. Participants were categorized into 4 groups: (1) PA-/HE- (n=384); (2) PA+/HE- (n=992); (3) PA-/HE+ (n=162); and (4) PA+/HE+ (n=502). Participants had a mean age of 74 (±6) years, mean BMI of 22.6 (±1.5) kg/m2, 61% were women, and 4% African American. Compared with PA-/HE-, age-sex-race-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for all-cause mortality for PA-/HE+, PA+/HE-, and PA+/HE+ groups were 0.96 (0.76-1.21), 0.61 (0.52-0.71) and 0.62 (0.52-0.75), respectively. These associations remained unchanged after multivariable adjustment and were similar for cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular mortalities. Respective demographic-adjusted HRs (95% Cis) for incident HF among 1954 participants without baseline HF were 1.21 (0.81-1.81), 0.71 (0.54-0.94) and 0.71 (0.51-0.98). These later associations lost significance after multivariable-adjustment. CONCLUSION Among community-dwelling older adults with normal BMI, physical activity, regardless of healthy eating, was associated with lower risk of mortality and incident HF, but healthy eating had no similar protective association in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia J Brown
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL
| | - Xuemei Sui
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | | | | | - Vera Bittner
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Raya E Kheirbek
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA; George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | - Ali Ahmed
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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157
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Kokkinos P, Faselis C, Myers J, Sui X, Zhang J, Tsimploulis A, Chawla L, Palant C. Exercise capacity and risk of chronic kidney disease in US veterans: a cohort study. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:461-8. [PMID: 25792243 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between exercise capacity and the risk of developing chronic kidney disease (CKD). PATIENTS AND METHODS Exercise capacity was assessed in 5812 male veterans (mean age, 58.4±11.5 years) from the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC. Study participants had an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) or more 6 months before exercise testing and no evidence of CKD. Those who developed CKD during follow-up were initially identified by the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision and further verified by at least 2 consecutive estimated glomerular filtration rate values of less than 60 mL/min per 1.73 m(2) 3 months or more apart. Normal kidney function for CKD-free individuals was confirmed by sequential normal eGFR levels. We established 4 fitness categories on the basis of age-stratified quartiles of peak metabolic equivalents (METs) achieved: least-fit (≤25%; 4.8±0.90 METs; n=1258); low-fit (25.1%-50%; 6.5±0.96 METs; n=1614); moderate-fit (50.1%-75%; 7.7±0.91 METs; n=1958), and high-fit (>75%; 9.5±1.0 METs; n=1436). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between exercise capacity and CKD. RESULTS During a median follow-up period of 7.9 years, 1010 developed CKD (20.4/1000 person-years). Exercise capacity was inversely related to CKD incidence. The risk was 22% lower (hazard ratio, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.75-0.82; P<.001) for every 1-MET increase in exercise capacity. Compared with the least-fit individuals, hazard ratios were 0.87 (95% CI, 0.74-1.03) for low-fit, 0.55 (95% CI, 0.47-0.65) for moderate-fit, and 0.42 (95% CI, 0.33-0.52) for high-fit individuals. CONCLUSION Higher exercise capacity attenuated the risk of developing CKD. The association was independent and graded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kokkinos
- Cardiology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
| | - Charles Faselis
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | | | - Lakhmir Chawla
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Nephrology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
| | - Carlos Palant
- George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; Nephrology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
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158
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Becofsky KM, Sui X, Lee DC, Wilcox S, Blair SN. Becofsky et al. respond to "Misclassifying fitness and depression". Am J Epidemiol 2015; 181:325-6. [PMID: 25693771 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwu329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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159
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Abstract
Being overweight or obese might be a risk factor for developing depression. It is also possible that low cardiorespiratory fitness, rather than overweight or obesity, is the better predictor of depressive symptom onset. Adults in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (Dallas, Texas) underwent fitness and fatness assessments between 1979 and 1998 and later completed a questionnaire about depressive symptoms in 1990, 1995, or 1999. Separate logistic regression models were used to test the associations between 3 fatness measures (body mass index, waist circumference, and percentage of body fat) and the onset of depressive symptoms. Analyses were repeated using fitness as the predictor variable. Additional analyses were performed to study the joint association of fatness and fitness with the onset of depressive symptoms. After controlling for fitness, no measure of fatness was associated with the onset of depressive symptoms. In joint analyses, low fitness was more strongly associated with the onset of elevated depressive symptoms than was fatness, regardless of the measure of fatness used. Overall, results from the present study suggest that low fitness is more strongly associated with the onset of elevated depressive symptoms than is fatness. To reduce the risk of developing depression, individuals should be encouraged to improve their fitness regardless of body fatness.
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160
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Sui X, Brown WJ, Lavie CJ, West DS, Pate RR, Payne JPW, Blair SN. Associations between television watching and car riding behaviors and development of depressive symptoms: a prospective study. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:184-93. [PMID: 25659236 PMCID: PMC4350459 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the longitudinal association between sedentary behaviors and risk of development of depressive symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS The study population consisted of 4802 participants in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (1012 women and 3790 men) aged 18 to 80 years who did not report depressive moods when they completed a health survey during 1982 in which they reported their time spent watching television (TV) and riding in a car each week. All participants completed a follow-up health survey when they responded to the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Those who scored 8 or more on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were considered to have depressive symptoms. RESULTS Among the 4802 participants, 568 reported depressive symptoms during a mean follow-up of 9.3 years. After multivariate adjustment including moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity, time riding in a car, time watching TV, and combined time spent in the 2 sedentary behaviors were positively associated with depressive symptoms (each P<.05 for trend). Individuals who reported 9 h/wk or more riding in a car, more than 10 h/wk watching TV, or 19 h/wk or more of combined sedentary behavior had 28%, 52%, and 74% greater risk of development of depressive symptoms than those who reported less than 5 h/wk, less than 5 h/wk, or less than 12 h/wk, respectively, after adjusting for baseline covariates and moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity. The positive association between time riding in a car or time watching TV and depressive symptoms was only observed among individuals who did not meet the current physical activity guidelines. CONCLUSION More time reported in these 2 sedentary behaviors was positively associated with depressive symptoms. However, the direct associations between time spent in car riding and TV viewing and depressive symptoms were only significant among those who did not meet the current physical activity recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement Studies, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Delia S West
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Russel R Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Jonathan P W Payne
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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161
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Both baseline cardiorespiratory fitness and adiposity predict the risk of cancer mortality. However, the effects of changes in these two factors over time have not been evaluated thoroughly. The aim of this study was to examine the independent and joint associations of changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition on cancer mortality. METHODS The cohort consisted of 13,930 men (initially cancer-free) with two or more medical examinations from 1974 to 2002. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by a maximal treadmill exercise test, and body composition was expressed by body mass index (BMI) and percent body fat. Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition between the baseline and the last examination were classified into loss, stable, and gain groups. RESULTS There were 386 deaths from cancer during an average of 12.5 yr of follow-up. After adjusting for possible confounders and BMI, change hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of cancer mortality were 0.74 (0.57-0.96) for stable fitness and 0.74 (0.56-0.98) for fitness gain. Inverse dose-response relationships were observed between changes in maximal METs and cancer mortality (P for linear trend = 0.05). Neither BMI change nor percent body fat change was associated with cancer mortality after adjusting for possible confounders and maximal METs change. In the joint analyses, men who became less fit had a higher risk of cancer mortality (P for linear trend = 0.03) compared with those who became more fit, regardless of BMI change levels. CONCLUSIONS Being unfit or losing cardiorespiratory fitness over time was found to predict cancer mortality in men. Improving or maintaining adequate levels of cardiorespiratory fitness appears to be important for decreasing cancer mortality in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peizhen Zhang
- 1Department of Sports Medicine, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, CHINA; 2Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; and 3Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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162
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Huang X, Sui X, Ruiz JR, Hirth V, Ortega FB, Blair SN, Carrero JJ. Parental history of premature cardiovascular disease, estimated GFR, and rate of estimated GFR decline: results from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Am J Kidney Dis 2015; 65:692-700. [PMID: 25600488 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite cardiovascular disease (CVD) and chronic kidney disease sharing similar causes and interplay, it is unknown if a broader relationship between these diseases exists across generations. We investigated the association between parental CVD history and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the community. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. SETTING & PARTICIPANTS 13,241 community-based adults with serum creatinine measurement and follow-up visits (from 1-8 visits ~2 years apart) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. PREDICTORS Premature parental CVD history (before age 50 years). OUTCOMES eGFR, decreased eGFR (<60 mL/min/1.73 m(2)), and rate of eGFR decline. MEASUREMENTS Information for parental history was collected by protocol-standardized questionnaires. eGFR was assessed with serum creatinine. RESULTS 3,339 (25.2%) participants reported a history of parental CVD. Individuals with parental CVD had significantly lower eGFRs compared with those without parental CVD (69.4 ± 12.9 vs 74.8 ± 14.2 mL/min/1.73 m(2); P<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, parental CVD was associated independently with higher odds of having decreased eGFR (adjusted OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.52-1.86). Random-coefficient models showed that individuals with parental CVD had a faster decline in eGFR compared with those without parental CVD (sex- and ethnicity-adjusted annual change of -0.47 vs -0.41 mL/min/1.73 m(2); P=0.06). LIMITATIONS ~70% of participants did not attend a second examination. CONCLUSIONS Parental history of CVD was associated with lower baseline eGFR, higher odds of decreased eGFR, and a nominally faster rate of eGFR decline in the offspring. Such findings may imply previously unrecognized cross-generational links between both diseases and be of support in community screening programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Huang
- Division of Nephrology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Shenzhen, China; Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Jonatan R Ruiz
- The PROFITH Research Group "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity," Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Victor Hirth
- Division of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Francisco B Ortega
- The PROFITH Research Group "PROmoting FITness and Health through physical activity," Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Juan J Carrero
- Division of Renal Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Baxter Novum, Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Qiao C, Zhou C, Zhang S, Guo R, Zhang F, Qian S, Huan Y, Song Y, Liao H, Li C, Xia S, Sui X, Lu Y, Li J, Li D. [Analysis of ND4 gene mutations in acute myelogenous leukemia]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2015; 35:708-12. [PMID: 25152118 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship of the mutational status of the ND4 gene and the clinical features of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients with ND4 mutations. METHODS Using PCR combined with directly sequencing, we identified somatic mutations of ND4 in 121 primary AML patients to couple with their clinical features. RESULTS There were 58 male patients and 63 female patients (median age 49 years, 10-86 years). Eight of 121 patients (6.6%) with de novo AML were found harboring missense mutation of ND4 gene, including 3 patients with A131V (3/8, 37.5%), 2 patients with A404T (2/8, 25%), 1 patient with F149L (1/8, 12.5%), 1 patient with G242D (1/8, 12.5%) and 1 patient with Y409H (1/8, 12.5%), respectively. Patients with ND4 mutations were associated with good karyotype (P=0.049), regardless of gender, age, white blood cell, hemoglobin, platelet, blast cells of bone marrow or immunophenotype (P>0.05). There were no statistical significance in mutations of FLT3-ITD, NPM1, CEBPA, c-KIT and DNMT3A between patients with ND4 mutation and wild-type (wt) ND4 (P>0.05). The median overall survival of patients with ND4 mutations and wt ND4 were all not reached. The median relapse-free survival were not reached and 29(2-53) months, respectively (P>0.05). There was no significance in the ratio of CR and RR patients between wt ND4 and ND4 mutated groups (P>0.05). CONCLUSION It was concluded that novel ND4 mutations could be found in de novo AML patients, especially in patients with good karyotype. Thus, ND4 mutations might play an important role in AML prognosis. However, whether the mitochondria dysfunction contribute to leukemogenesis needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Qiao
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Sujiang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Sixuan Qian
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yahong Huan
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yanzhi Song
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Haiying Liao
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Cuiping Li
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Suqin Xia
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Yinglian Lu
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Jianyong Li
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Hematology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210019, China
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Li H, Sui X, Huang S, Lavie CJ, Wang Z, Blair SN. Secular change in cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition of women: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Mayo Clin Proc 2015; 90:43-52. [PMID: 25500108 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate secular change of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body composition during 35 years in a large sample of women enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of baseline fitness data collected during preventive medical examination of 13,037 women aged 20 to 64 years evaluated at the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas, from January 1, 1970, through December 30, 2004, who underwent a body composition assessment and a maximal treadmill exercise test. Women were stratified by examination year (5 years for each group) and age. Analysis of covariance was used to ascertain secular change of CRF and body composition. RESULTS Adjusted CRF levels, as indicated by maximal metabolic equivalent or relative maximum oxygen consumption, among women in the cohort increased significantly during a 35-year period for both age groups (P<.001). The greatest change occurred during the 1970s to 1980s, with a small decrease in 2000 through 2004 in both age groups. Adjusted body mass index increased 9.05% during the past 35 years (P<.001), but adjusted percentage of body fat was significantly higher in 1980 through 1984 than in the other groups (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS In a large cohort of women, the mean CRF has improved during the past 35 years, with a slight decrease in 2000 through 2004. From 1980 through 2004, the increase in body weight was mainly attributable to the increase in fat-free mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Li
- School of Physical Education, Shanxi Normal University, Linfen, China; Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC.
| | - Shouqing Huang
- The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
| | - Zhengzhen Wang
- Department of Exercise Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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Crowley SK, Wilkinson LL, Wigfall LT, Reynolds AM, Muraca ST, Glover SH, Wooten NR, Sui X, Beets MW, Durstine JL, Newman-Norlund RD, Youngstedt SD. Physical fitness and depressive symptoms during army basic combat training. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47:151-8. [PMID: 24870581 PMCID: PMC4246049 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mental health-related problems are a significant cause of attrition during basic combat training (BCT). Evidence in civilian populations suggests that physical fitness is associated with psychological benefits in civilians, but little is known about the association between physical fitness and psychological adjustment during BCT. METHODS This study prospectively examined the association between physical fitness and depressive symptoms in 300 BCT soldiers from May to July 2012 at Fort Jackson, Columbia, SC. Soldiers completed a baseline Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) and survey within 1 wk of arriving at BCT and an end-of-cycle survey after 8 wk of BCT. Soldiers were assigned to the "high" fitness category if they had a passing score on the standard APFT of greater than or equal to 180 out of 300 points. Soldiers scoring less than 180 points on the APFT were assigned to the "low" fitness category. Depressive symptoms were measured using the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale. RESULTS In multivariate analyses, adjusting for baseline demographics, self-reported sleep before BCT, BCT confidence, Army identification, and depressive symptoms, the odds of reporting depressive symptoms were 60% lower for soldiers in the high fitness category (odds ratio, 0.40; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-0.84) compared with soldiers in the low fitness category. CONCLUSIONS Analogous to other positive outcomes of soldier fitness, improvement of soldier physical fitness before BCT might improve soldiers' psychological health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon K. Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Larrell L. Wilkinson
- Department of Human Studies, School of Education, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lisa T. Wigfall
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, and Institute for Partnerships to Eliminate Health Disparities, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Alexandria M. Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC
| | | | - Saundra H. Glover
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, and Institute for Partnerships to Eliminate Health Disparities, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Nikki R. Wooten
- College of Social Work, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- District of Columbia Army National Guard, Washington, DC
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Michael W. Beets
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - J. Larry Durstine
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Roger D. Newman-Norlund
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Shawn D. Youngstedt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- WJB Dorn VA Medical Center, Columbia, SC
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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166
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Xu G, Sui X, Liu S, Liu J, Liu J, Li Y, Huang S, Wang Z, Blair SN. Effects of insufficient physical activity on mortality and life expectancy in Jiangxi province of China, 2007-2010. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109826. [PMID: 25314595 PMCID: PMC4197026 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical inactivity remains an under-researched field in terms of studying burden of disease at provincial level, and no studies have examined the effects of inactivity on life expectancy (LE) in China. The purpose of this study was to estimate mortality risk and LE effects associated with insufficient levels of physical activity in Jiangxi province. METHODS/FINDINGS Prevalence of risk factors and mortality counts were extracted from Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors Surveillance Survey (CDRFSS) and Disease Surveillance Points system (DSP), respectively. Insufficient physical activity (IPA) was defined as less than 150 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity or 60 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity per week, accumulated across work, home, transport and discretionary domains. Population-attributable fractions (PAF) were used to calculate the mortality attributable to risk factors, and life table methods were used to estimate the LE gains and LE shifts. Monte Carlo simulation techniques were used for uncertainty analysis. Overall, 5 885 (95% uncertainly interval (UI), 5 047-6 506) and 8 578 (95% UI, 8 227-9 789) deaths in Jiangxi province were attributable to IPA in 2007 and 2010, respectively. The LE gains for elimination of attributable deaths were 0.68 (95% UI, 0.61-076) in 2007, and increased to 0.91 (95% UI, 0.81-1.10) in 2010. If the prevalence of IPA in 2010 had been decreased by 50% or 30%, 3 678 (95% UI, 3 220-4 229) or 2 090 (95% UI, 1 771-2 533) deaths would be avoided, and 0.40 (95% UI, 0.34-0.53) or 0.23 (95% UI, 0.16-0.31) years of LE gained, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adults in Jiangxi province of China have a high and increasing prevalence of IPA. Due to the deaths and potential LE gains associated with IPA, there is an urgent need to promote physical activity, one of the most modifiable risk factors, within China's health care reform agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Xu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Shiwei Liu
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Jie Liu
- Division of Chronic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junxiu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatisitcs, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yichong Li
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shouqing Huang
- The Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Zhengzhen Wang
- Division of Exercise Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University Sport Rehabilitation College, Beijing, China
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
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Hardee J, Sui X, Blair SN, Lavie CJ. In reply-Resistance Training and Cancer Survival. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:1465-6. [PMID: 25282434 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justin Hardee
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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Liu J, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Zhou H, Park YMM, Cai B, Liu J, Blair SN. Effects of cardiorespiratory fitness on blood pressure trajectory with aging in a cohort of healthy men. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 64:1245-1253. [PMID: 25236517 PMCID: PMC4171684 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.06.1184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the trajectory of blood pressure (BP) with aging is well known, there is a lack of data on how cardiorespiratory fitness (hereafter referred to as fitness) affects age-associated changes in BP. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study was to investigate whether fitness alters the aging-BP trajectory. METHODS A cohort from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study totaling 13,953 men between 20 and 90 years of age who did not have hypertension, cardiovascular disease, or cancer completed 3 to 28 (mean of 3.8) follow-up medical examinations between 1970 and 2006. Fitness was measured by a maximal treadmill exercise test. Longitudinal data were analyzed using linear mixed models. RESULTS Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) tended to increase until nearly 60 years of age, when a decrease was observed. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) tended to increase over all age periods. On multivariate analysis, average SBP increased by 0.30 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: 0.29 to 0.31) with 1-year age increment after adjusting for body fat percent, fitness, resting heart rate, glucose level, triglyceride level, cholesterol level, current smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and parental history of hypertension. DBP had a yearly increase of 0.14 mm Hg (95% confidence interval: 0.13 to 0.15) before age 60 years. Overall, abnormal SBP (>120 mm Hg) began to occur at approximately 50 years of age and abnormal DBP (>80 mm Hg) began to occur at 60 years of age. Men with higher fitness levels experienced abnormal SBP later than those with low fitness levels. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the potential modifying effect of fitness on BP trajectory with aging over the male adult life span. Improving fitness levels might extend the normal SBP and DBP ranges, delaying the development of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA and the Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Haiming Zhou
- Department of Statistics, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Yong-Moon Mark Park
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Bo Cai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Jihong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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169
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Drenowatz C, Sui X, Fritz S, Lavie CJ, Beattie PF, Church TS, Blair SN. The association between resistance exercise and cardiovascular disease risk in women. J Sci Med Sport 2014; 18:632-6. [PMID: 25311900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to examine the association between resistance exercise and cardiovascular disease risk, independent of body composition, physical activity and aerobic capacity, in healthy women. DESIGN A cross-sectional analysis including 7321 women with no history of heart disease, hypertension or diabetes was performed. METHODS Participation in resistance exercise was self-reported and body weight and height was measured. A single cardiovascular disease risk score was established via factor analysis including percent body fat, mean arterial pressure, fasting glucose, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Physical activity level was determined based on questionnaire data and aerobic capacity was assessed via a maximal treadmill exercise test. RESULTS Women reporting resistance exercise had lower total cardiovascular disease risk at any age. Specifically, resistance exercise was associated with lower body fat, fasting glucose and total cholesterol. The association between resistance exercise and cardiovascular disease risk, however, remained only in normal weight women after adjusting for physical activity and aerobic capacity. CONCLUSION Results of the present study underline the importance of resistance exercise as part of a healthy and active lifestyle in women across all ages. Our results suggest that resistance exercise may be particularly beneficial to independently improve cardiovascular disease risk profiles in women with normal weight. In overweight/obese women, total physical activity and aerobic capacity may have a stronger association with cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemens Drenowatz
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States.
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Stacy Fritz
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Laboratory of Preventive Medicine Research, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University System, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Medical Center, Ochsner Clinical School - University of Queensland School of Medicine, United States
| | - Paul F Beattie
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States
| | - Timothy S Church
- Laboratory of Preventive Medicine Research, Pennington Biomedical Research Center Louisiana State University System, United States
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, United States
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170
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Moliner-Urdiales D, Artero EG, Sui X, España-Romero V, Lee D, Blair SN. Body adiposity index and incident hypertension: the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:969-975. [PMID: 24974319 PMCID: PMC4130745 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The body adiposity index (BAI) has been recently proposed as a new method to estimate the percentage of body fat. The association between BAI and hypertension risk has not been investigated yet. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ability of BAI to predict hypertension in males and females compared with traditional body adiposity measures. METHODS AND RESULTS The present follow-up analysis comprised 10,309 individuals (2259 females) free of hypertension from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, who completed a baseline examination between 1988 and 2003. Body adiposity measures included BAI, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, hip circumference, percentage of body fat and waist to hip ratio (WHR). Incident hypertension was ascertained from responses to mail-back surveys between 1990 and 2004. During an average of 9.1 years of follow-up, 872 subjects (107 females) became hypertensive. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) showed that males in the highest categories of all body adiposity measures showed a higher incident risk of hypertension (HRs ranged from 1.37 to 2.09). Females showed a higher incident risk of hypertension only in the highest categories of BAI, BMI and WHR (HRs ranged from 1.84 to 3.36). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that in order to predict incident hypertension BAI could be considered as an alternative to traditional body adiposity measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E G Artero
- Area of Physical Education and Sport, University of Almería, Almería, Spain
| | - X Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - V España-Romero
- Department of Physical Education, School of Education, University of Cadiz, Puerto Real, Spain
| | - Dc Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - S N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
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171
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Abstract
Background—
Mortality risk decreases beyond a certain fitness level. However, precise definition of this threshold is elusive and varies with age. Thus, fitness-related mortality risk assessment is difficult.
Methods and Results—
We studied 18 102 male veterans (8305 blacks and 8746 whites). All completed an exercise test between 1986 and 2011 with no evidence of ischemia. We defined the peak metabolic equivalents (METs) level associated with no increase in all-cause mortality risk (hazard ratio, 1.0) for the age categories of <50, 50 to 59, 60 to 69, and ≥70 years. We used this as the threshold group to form additional age-specific fitness categories based on METs achieved below and above it: least-fit (>2 METs below threshold; n=1692), low-fit (2 METs below threshold; n=4884), moderate-fit (2 METs above threshold; n=4646), fit (2.1–4 METs above threshold; n=1874), and high-fit (>4 METs above threshold; n=1301) categories. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality across fitness categories. During follow-up (median=10.8 years), 5102 individuals died. Mortality risk for the cohort and each age category increased for the least-fit and low-fit categories (HR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.37–1.66; and HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12–1.30, respectively) and decreased for the moderate-fit; fit and high-fit categories (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65–0.78; HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.56–0.78; and HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.41–0.58, respectively). The trends were similar for 5- and 10-year mortality risk.
Conclusion—
We defined age-specific exercise capacity thresholds to guide assessment of mortality risk in individuals undergoing a clinical exercise test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kokkinos
- From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiology Department, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K.); George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health (P.K., J.M., X.S., S.N.B.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.Z., S.N.B.), Columbia; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo
| | - Charles Faselis
- From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiology Department, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K.); George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health (P.K., J.M., X.S., S.N.B.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.Z., S.N.B.), Columbia; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo
| | - Jonathan Myers
- From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiology Department, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K.); George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health (P.K., J.M., X.S., S.N.B.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.Z., S.N.B.), Columbia; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo
| | - Xuemei Sui
- From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiology Department, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K.); George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health (P.K., J.M., X.S., S.N.B.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.Z., S.N.B.), Columbia; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiology Department, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K.); George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health (P.K., J.M., X.S., S.N.B.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.Z., S.N.B.), Columbia; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo
| | - Steven N. Blair
- From the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cardiology Department, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K.); George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC (P.K., C.F.); University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health (P.K., J.M., X.S., S.N.B.) and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.Z., S.N.B.), Columbia; Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Cardiology Division, Palo
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172
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Gander J, Sui X, Hazlett LJ, Cai B, Hébert JR, Blair SN. Factors related to coronary heart disease risk among men: validation of the Framingham Risk Score. Prev Chronic Dis 2014; 11:E140. [PMID: 25121352 PMCID: PMC4133511 DOI: 10.5888/pcd11.140045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains a leading cause of death in the United States. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was developed to help clinicians in determining their patients’ CHD risk. We hypothesize that the FRS will be significantly predictive of CHD events among men in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (ACLS) population. Methods Our study consisted of 34,557 men who attended the Cooper Clinic in Dallas, Texas, for a baseline clinical examination from 1972 through 2002. CHD events included self-reported myocardial infarction or revascularization or death due to CHD. During the 12-year follow-up 587 CHD events occurred. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios generated from ACLS analysis were compared with the application of FRS to the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Results The ACLS cohort produced similar hazard ratios to the FHS. The adjusted Cox proportional hazard model revealed that men with total cholesterol of 280 mg/dL or greater were 2.21 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.59–3.09) times more likely to have a CHD event than men with total cholesterol from 160 through 199mg/dL; men with diabetes were 1.63 (95% CI, 1.35–1.98) times more likely to experience a CHD event than men without diabetes. Conclusion The FRS significantly predicts CHD events in the ACLS cohort. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a large, single-center cohort study to validate the FRS by using extensive laboratory and clinical measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Xuemei Sui
- University of South Carolina, 921 Assembly Street, Rm 226, Columbia, SC 29208. E-mail:
| | | | - Bo Cai
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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Hardee JP, Porter RR, Sui X, Archer E, Lee IM, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. The effect of resistance exercise on all-cause mortality in cancer survivors. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:1108-15. [PMID: 24958698 PMCID: PMC4126241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the independent associations of leisure-time aerobic physical activity (PA) and resistance exercise (RE) on all-cause mortality in cancer survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients included 2863 male and female cancer survivors, aged 18 to 81 years, who received a preventive medical examination between April 8, 1987, and December 27, 2002, while enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study in Dallas, Texas. Physical activity and RE were assessed by self-report at the baseline medical examination. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to determine the independent associations of PA and RE with all-cause mortality in participants who had a history of cancer. RESULTS Physical activity in cancer survivors was not associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. In contrast, RE was associated with a 33% lower risk of all-cause mortality (95% CI, 0.45-0.99) after adjusting for potential confounders, including PA. CONCLUSION Individuals who participated in RE during cancer survival had a lower risk for all-cause mortality. The present findings provide preliminary evidence for benefits of RE during cancer survival. Future randomized controlled trials examining RE and its effect on lean body mass, muscular strength, and all-cause mortality in cancer survivors are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin P Hardee
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Ryan R Porter
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
| | - Edward Archer
- Nutrition Obesity Research Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham
| | - I-Min Lee
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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Prasad VK, Hand GA, Sui X, Shrestha D, Lee DC, Lavie CJ, Jaggers JR, Blair SN. Association of exercise heart rate response and incidence of hypertension in men. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:1101-7. [PMID: 24974261 PMCID: PMC4125516 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association of heart rate (HR) responses at rest, during exercise, and after exercise with incident hypertension (HTN) in men. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A total of 10,418 healthy normotensive men without abnormalities on electrocardiography or a history of myocardial infarction, stroke, cancer, or diabetes underwent a maximal exercise test and were followed up for incidence of HTN. Heart rate reserve was defined as the maximal HR minus resting HR. Heart rate recovery was defined as HR 5 minutes after the exercise test. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 6 years, there were 2831 cases of HTN. Compared with men who had lower HR reserve, the risk of incident HTN was significantly lower for men with higher HR reserve (hazard ratio, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.74-0.95 for the highest quartile vs the lowest quartile of HR reserve; P=.002) when adjusted for age, baseline examination year, smoking, heavy drinking, body mass index, resting blood pressure, cholesterol and glucose levels, and cardiorespiratory fitness. Compared with men who had higher HR recovery, the risk of incident HTN was significantly lower for men with lower HR recovery (hazard ratio, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99 for quartile 3 vs highest quartile; P=.04) after adjusting for the aforementioned confounders. However, the overall linear trend for HR recovery was not significant (P=.26). CONCLUSION The risk of HTN decreased in men with higher HR reserve. Therefore, HR reserve may be considered as a useful exercise parameter for predicting the risk of HTN in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek K Prasad
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Gregory A Hand
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
| | - Deepika Shrestha
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Duck-Chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA; Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Jason R Jaggers
- Department of Applied Health Sciences, Murray State University, Murray, KY
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The loss of muscle strength with age increases the likelihood of chronic conditions, including metabolic syndrome (MetS). However, the minimal threshold of muscle strength at which the risk for MetS increases has never been established. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify a threshold of muscle strength associated with MetS in men. METHODS We created receiver operating curves for muscle strength and the risk of MetS from a cross-sectional sample of 5685 men age <50 yr and 1541 men age ≥50 yr enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. The primary outcome measure, the MetS, was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Upper and lower body muscle strength was treated as a composite measure of one-repetition maximum tests on bench and leg press and scaled to body weight. Low muscle strength was defined as the lowest age-specific 20th percentile, whereas high muscle strength was defined as composite muscle strength above the 20th percentile. RESULTS In men aged <50 yr, the odds of MetS were 2.20-fold (95% confidence interval = 1.89-2.54) higher in those with low muscle strength, independent of age, smoking, and alcohol intake. The strength of this association was similar for men age ≥50 yr (odds ratio = 2.11, 95% confidence interval = 1.62-2.74). In men age < 50 yr, the composite strength threshold associated with MetS was 2.57 kg·kg body weight, whereas in men age ≥ 50 yr the threshold was 2.35 kg·kg body weight. CONCLUSION This study is the first to identify a threshold of muscle strength associated with an increased likelihood of MetS in men. Measures of muscle strength may help identify men at risk of chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Sénéchal
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jonathan M. McGavock
- Manitoba Institute of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | | | - Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | | | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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176
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Artero EG, Jackson AS, Sui X, Lee DC, O'Connor DP, Lavie CJ, Church TS, Blair SN. Longitudinal algorithms to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness: associations with nonfatal cardiovascular disease and disease-specific mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2289-96. [PMID: 24703924 PMCID: PMC4045928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study sought to determine the capacity of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) algorithms without exercise testing to predict the risk for nonfatal cardiovascular disease (CVD) events and disease-specific mortality. BACKGROUND Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not routinely measured, as it requires trained personnel and specialized equipment. METHODS Participants were 43,356 adults (21% women) from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study, followed up between 1974 and 2003. Estimated CRF was determined on the basis of sex, age, body mass index, waist circumference, resting heart rate, physical activity level, and smoking status. Actual CRF was measured by a maximal treadmill test. Risk reduction per 1-metabolic equivalent increase, discriminative ability (c statistic), and net reclassification improvement were determined. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 14.5 years, 1,934 deaths occurred, 627 due to CVD. In a subsample of 18,095 participants, 1,049 cases of nonfatal CVD events were ascertained. After adjustment for potential confounders, both measured and estimated CRF were inversely associated with risks for all-cause mortality, CVD-related mortality and nonfatal CVD events in men, and all-cause mortality and nonfatal CVD events in women. The risk reduction per 1-metabolic equivalent increase ranged from approximately 10% to 20%. Measured CRF had a slightly better discriminative ability (c statistic) than did estimated CRF, and the net reclassification improvement values in measured CRF versus estimated CRF were 12.3% in men (p < 0.05) and 19.8% in women (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These CRF algorithms utilized information routinely collected to obtain an estimate of CRF, which provides a valid indication of health status. In addition to identifying people at risk, this method can provide more appropriate exercise recommendations that reflect initial CRF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique G Artero
- Department of Education, Area of Physical Education and Sport, University of Almería, Almería, Spain; Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina.
| | - Andrew S Jackson
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
| | - Duck-Chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa
| | - Daniel P O'Connor
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School-The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; Preventive Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Timothy S Church
- Preventive Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina
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177
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Kokkinos P, Faselis C, Myers J, Pittaras A, Sui X, Zhang J, McAuley P, Kokkinos JP. Cardiorespiratory fitness and the paradoxical BMI-mortality risk association in male veterans. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:754-62. [PMID: 24943694 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of fitness status on the paradoxical body mass index (BMI)-mortality risk association. PATIENTS AND METHODS From February 1, 1986, through December 30, 2011, we assessed fitness and BMI in 18,033 male veterans (mean age, 58.4 ± 11.4 years) in 2 Veterans Affairs Medical centers. We established 3 fitness categories on the basis of peak metabolic equivalents achieved during an exercise test as well as 5 BMI categories. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. RESULTS During the follow-up period (median, 10.8 years, comprising a total of 207,168 person-years), 5070 participants (28%) died. After adjusting for age, risk factors, muscle-wasting diseases, medications, and year of entry, mortality risk was higher for individuals with a BMI of 20.1 to 23.9 kg/m(2) (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.30) and 18.5 to 20.0 kg/m(2) (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.37-1.77) than for those with a BMI of 24.0 to 27.9 kg/m(2); mortality risk was not increased for those with a BMI of 28.0 kg/m(2) or greater. When stratified by fitness, the trend was similar for low-fit and moderate-fit individuals. However, mortality risk was not increased for high-fit individuals across BMI categories. When fitness status was considered within each BMI category, mortality risk increased progressively with decreased fitness and was more pronounced for moderate-fit (HR, 2.52; 95% CI, 2.06-3.08) and low-fit (HR, 2.48; 95% CI, 2.0-3.06) individuals with a BMI of 18.5-20.0 kg/m(2). Mortality risk was not significantly increased for high-fit individuals (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 0.78-1.78; P=.45). CONCLUSION A high mortality risk associated with low BMI levels was observed only in moderate-fit and low-fit individuals, and not in high-fit individuals. Thus, fitness greatly affects the paradoxical BMI-mortality risk association. Furthermore, our findings indicate that lower BMI levels do not increase the risk for premature death as long as they are associated with high fitness. Thus, the paradoxically higher mortality risk observed with lower body weight as represented by lower BMI is likely the result of unhealthy reduction in body weight and, perhaps most importantly, considerable loss of lean body mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Kokkinos
- Cardiology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.
| | - Charles Faselis
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Jonathan Myers
- Cardiology Division, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA; Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Andreas Pittaras
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC; George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
| | - Paul McAuley
- Department of Human Performance and Sports Science, Winston-Salem State University, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - John Peter Kokkinos
- Department of Endocrinology, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Jaggers JR, Prasad VK, Dudgeon WD, Blair SN, Sui X, Burgess S, Hand GA. Associations between physical activity and sedentary time on components of metabolic syndrome among adults with HIV. AIDS Care 2014; 26:1387-92. [PMID: 24861098 DOI: 10.1080/09540121.2014.920075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent data show that people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which could possibly be explained by an increased prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) due to the known toxicities associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART). The purpose of this study is to examine the relationships between physical activity (PA) and components of MetSyn in a sample of PLWHA taking ART. A total of 31 males and 32 females living with HIV and currently taking ART were enrolled in a home-based PA intervention aimed to reduce risk factors for CVD. Clinical assessments included measures of resting blood pressure (BP), waist circumference, height, weight, PA levels via accelerometer, and a fasted blood draw. Components of MetSyn were divided into three clusters (1 = 0-1; 2 = 2; 3 = 3 or more). A one-way analysis of variance was used to determine differences between clusters. Multiple linear regressions were used to identify significant associations between moderate intensity PA (MPA) and sedentary time among components of MetSyn. MPA was significantly lower across MetSyn clusters (p < 0.001), whereas sedentary time was significantly higher (p = 0.01). A multiple linear regression showed MPA to be a significant predictor of waist circumference after controlling for age, race, gender, and sedentary time. Routine PA can be beneficial in helping PLWHA reduce waist circumference ultimately leading to metabolic improvements. This in turn would help PLWHA self-manage known components of MetSyn, thus reducing their risk of CVD and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Jaggers
- a Department of Applied Health Sciences , Murray State University , Murray , KY , USA
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Reyes-Bahamonde J, Raimann JG, Canaud B, Etter M, Kooman JP, Levin NW, Marcelli D, Marelli C, Power A, Van Der Sande FM, Thijssen S, Usvyat LA, Wang Y, Kotanko P, Blank PR, Szucs TD, Gibertoni D, Torroni S, Mandreoli M, Rucci P, Fantini MP, Santoro A, Van Der Veer SN, Nistor I, Bernaert P, Bolignano D, Brown EA, Covic A, Farrington K, Kooman J, Macias J, Mooney A, Van Munster BC, Van Den Noortgate N, Topinkova E, Wirnsberger G, Jager KJ, Van Biesen W, Stubnova V, Os I, Grundtvig M, Waldum B, Wu HY, Peng YS, Wu MS, Chu TS, Chien KL, Hung KY, Wu KD, Carrero JJ, Huang X, Sui X, Ruiz JR, Hirth V, Ortega FB, Blair SN, Coppolino G, Bolignano D, Rivoli L, Presta P, Mazza G, Fuiano G, Marx S, Petrilla A, Hengst N, Lee WC, Ruggajo P, Skrunes R, Svarstad E, Skjaerven R, Reisaether AV, Vikse BE, Fujii N, Hamano T, Akagi S, Watanabe T, Imai E, Nitta K, Akizawa T, Matsuo S, Makino H, Scalzotto E, Corradi V, Nalesso F, Zaglia T, Neri M, Martino F, Zanella M, Brendolan A, Mongillo M, Ronco C, Occelli F, Genin M, Deram A, Glowacki F, Cuny D, Mansurova I, Alchinbayev M, Malikh MA, Song S, Shin MJ, Rhee H, Yang BY, Kim I, Seong EY, Lee DW, Lee SB, Kwak IS, Isnard Bagnis C, Speyer E, Beauger D, Caille Y, Baudelot C, Mercier S, Jacquelinet C, Gentile SM, Briancon S, Yu TM, Li CY, Krivoshiev S, Borissova AM, Shinkov A, Svinarov D, Vlachov J, Koteva A, Dakovska L, Mihaylov G, Popov A, Polner K, Mucsi I, Braunitzer H, Kiss A, Nadasdi Z, Haris A, Zdrojewski L, Zdrojewski T, Rutkowski B, Minami S, Hesaka A, Yamaguchi S, Iwahashi E, Sakai S, Fujimoto T, Sasaki K, Fujita Y, Yokoyama K, Dey V, Farrah T, Traynor J, Spalding E, Robertson S, Geddes CC, Mann MC, Hobbs A, Hemmelgarn BR, Roberts D, Ahmed SB, Rabi D, Elewa U, Fernandez B, Alegre ER, Mahillo I, Egido J, Ortiz A, Marx S, Pomerantz D, Vietri J, Zewinger S, Speer T, Kleber ME, Scharnagl H, Woitas R, Pfahler K, Seiler S, Heine GH, Lepper PM, Marz W, Silbernagel G, Fliser D, Caldararu CD, Gliga ML, Tarta ID, Szanto A, Carlan O, Dogaru GA, Battaglia Y, Del Prete MA, De Gregorio MG, Errichiello C, Gisonni P, Russo L, Scognamiglio B, Storari A, Russo D, Kuma A, Serino R, Miyamoto T, Tamura M, Otsuji Y, Kung LF, Naito S, Iimori S, Okado T, Rai T, Uchida S, Sasaki S, Kang YU, Kim HY, Choi JS, Kim CS, Bae EH, Ma SK, Kim SW, Muthuppalaniappan VM, Byrne C, Sheaff M, Rajakariar R, Blunden M, Delmas Y, Loirat C, Muus P, Legendre C, Douglas K, Hourmant M, Herthelius M, Trivelli A, Goodship T, Bedrosian CL, Licht C, Marks A, Black C, Clark L, Prescott G, Robertson L, Simpson W, Simpson W, Fluck N, Wang SL, Hsu YH, Pai HC, Chang YM, Liu WH, Hsu CC, Shvetsov M, Nagaytseva S, Gerasimov A, Shalyagin Y, Ivanova E, Shilov E, Zhang Y, Zuo W, Marx S, Manthena S, Newmark J, Zdrojewski L, Rutkowski M, Zdrojewski T, Bandosz P, Gaciong Z, Solnica B, Rutkowski B, Wyrzykowski B, Ensergueix G, Karras A, Levi C, Chauvet S, Trivin C, Ficheux M, Augusto JF, Boudet R, Chambaraud T, Boudou-Rouquette P, Tubiana-Mathieu N, Aldigier JC, Jacquot C, Essig M, Thervet E, Oh YJ, Lee CS, Malho Guedes A, Silva AP, Goncalves C, Sampaio S, Morgado E, Santos V, Bernardo I, Leao Neves P, Onuigbo M, Agbasi N. CKD GENERAL AND CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY 1. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfu146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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180
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Hardee JP, Porter RR, Sui X, Archer E, Lee IM, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. The Role Of Resistance Exercise On All-cause Mortality In Cancer Survivors. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495094.70703.2b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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181
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Bottai M, Frongillo EA, Sui X, O’Neill JR, McKeown RE, Burns TL, Liese AD, Blair SN, Pate RR. Use of quantile regression to investigate the longitudinal association between physical activity and body mass index. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:E149-56. [PMID: 24039223 PMCID: PMC3954962 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations among age, physical activity (PA), and birth cohort on body mass index (BMI) percentiles in men. METHODS Longitudinal analyses using quantile regression were conducted among men with ≥ two examinations between 1970 and 2006 from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study (n = 17,759). Height and weight were measured; men reported their PA and were categorized as inactive, moderately, or highly active at each visit. Analyses allowed for longitudinal changes in PA. RESULTS BMI was greater in older than younger men and in those born in 1960 than those born in 1940. Inactive men gained weight significantly more rapidly than active men. At the 10th percentile, increases in BMI among inactive, moderately active, and highly active men were 0.092, 0.078, and 0.069 kg/m(2) per year of age, respectively. The 10th percentile increased by 0.081 kg/m(2) per birth year and by 0.180 kg/m(2) at the 90th percentile, controlling for age. CONCLUSION Although BMI increased with age, PA reduced the magnitude of the gradient among active compared to inactive men. Regular PA had an important, protective effect against weight gain. This study provides evidence of the utility of quantile regression to examine the specific causes of the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bottai
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Edward A. Frongillo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | - Jennifer R. O’Neill
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | - Robert E. McKeown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
- Greenville Health System, Greenville, SC
| | | | - Angela D. Liese
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | - Steven N. Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | - Russell R. Pate
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
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Sui X, Church TS, Hand GA, Payne J, Blair SN. Higher Fitness Level Provides Survival Benefits Even Among Unfit Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495824.41948.a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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183
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Meier NF, Lee DC, Sui X, Blair SN. Physical Activity and Incident Glaucoma. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495831.02869.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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184
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Clennin MN, Blair SN, Rienzi E, Sui X. Associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Health-Related Quality of Life Among Uruguayan Female Population. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495807.88582.fb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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185
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Brown CJ, Sui X, Allman RM, Blair SN, Ahmed A. Variation In The Health Benefits Of Physical Activity By C-reactive Protein Status In Community-dwelling Older Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495430.35578.7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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186
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Prasad VK, Hand GA, Sui X, Demello M, Jaggers J, Shook R, Blair SN. Blood Glucose Among Healthy Population With Higher And Lower Muscle Mass Percentage. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495857.73266.2a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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187
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Kokkinos P, Tsimploulis A, Faselis C, Kokkinos JP, Doumas M, Pittaras A, Sui X, Myers J. Exercise Capacity Attenuates the Progression from Normal Blood Pressure to Resistant Hypertension. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000494295.07148.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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188
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Ahmed A, Sui X, Brown CJ, Blair SN. Physical Activity but not Healthy Eating is Associated with Lower All-cause Mortality among Community-Dwelling Older Adults with Normal Body Mass Index. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2014. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000495427.89836.ca] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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189
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Cuenca-García M, Artero EG, Sui X, Lee DC, Hebert JR, Blair SN. Dietary indices, cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in middle-aged adults: findings from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24:297-303.e2. [PMID: 24529647 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We examined the association between three predefined dietary indices and both cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors and long-term mortality in adult Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study's participants. METHODS Between 1987 and 1999, 12,449 (77% male) participants aged 20-84 years completed a clinical examination, which included dietary assessment by 3-day diet records. Three dietary indices were calculated: the Ideal Diet Index, the Diet Quality Index, and the Mediterranean Diet Score. CVD risk factors measurements included body mass index, total cholesterol, fasting glucose, blood pressure, and cardiorespiratory fitness. We calculated hazard ratios from Cox regression analyses, adjusting for potential confounders including physical fitness. RESULTS Higher Ideal Diet Index, Diet Quality Index, and Mediterranean Diet Score scores were consistently associated with lower body mass index, cholesterol and glucose levels, and diastolic blood pressure, and higher cardiorespiratory fitness (all P < .05). However, after adjusting for age, sex, energy intake, and baseline examination year, the indices were not significantly related to all-cause, CVD, or cancer mortality. No association was observed in fully adjusted models, which controlled for fitness. CONCLUSIONS Although these dietary indices based on 3-day diet records are strongly associated cross-sectionally to CVD risk profile of middle-aged men and women, they do not add to ability to predict long-term mortality in follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Cuenca-García
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Spain; Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
| | - Enrique G Artero
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Area of Physical Education and Sport, School of Education, Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Almería, Spain
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Duck-chul Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Human Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames
| | - James R Hebert
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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190
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Liu J, Sui X, Blair SN, Lavie CJ. In reply--is coffee harmful? If looking for longevity, say yes to the coffee, no to the sugar. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89:577. [PMID: 24684880 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Liu
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Steven N Blair
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia
| | - Carl J Lavie
- John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School, University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA
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191
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Wirth MD, Blake CE, Hébert JR, Sui X, Blair SN. Chronic weight dissatisfaction predicts type 2 diabetes risk: aerobic center longitudinal study. Health Psychol 2014; 33:912-9. [PMID: 24588630 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Weight dissatisfaction, defined as discordance between actual and goal weight, may be associated with increased risk for several obesity-related comorbidities. The purpose of the study was to examine the association between weight dissatisfaction and risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. METHOD This longitudinal study used data from 9,584 adults enrolled in the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study. Key variables included multiple measures of measured weight, self-reported goal weight, and incident diabetes. Weight dissatisfaction was defined as being above the median of measured weight minus goal weight. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for diabetes incidence by weight dissatisfaction. RESULTS HRs for time until diabetes diagnosis revealed that family history of diabetes (HR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.13, 1.90]), age (HR = 1.03, 95% CI [1.02, 1.04]), and weight dissatisfaction (HR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.50, 2.25]) at baseline were statistically significant predictors. Longitudinally, higher risk was observed in individuals who either stayed dissatisfied (HR = 2.98, 95% CI [1.98, 4.48]) or became dissatisfied (HR = 1.51, 95% CI [0.79, 2.89]), compared with those who stayed satisfied. After additional adjustment for BMI, the elevated HR for those who remained dissatisfied compared with those who remained satisfied persisted (HR = 2.85, 95% CI [1.89, 4.31]). CONCLUSIONS Weight dissatisfaction, regardless of BMI, represents a potentially important psychophysiological modifier of the relationships between BMI and risk of Type 2 diabetes, and warrants greater attention in future studies of chronic disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wirth
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | - Christine E Blake
- Department of Health Promotion, Education, and Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | - James R Hébert
- South Carolina Statewide Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health
| | - Xuemei Sui
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
| | - Steven N Blair
- Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina
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192
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine independent and joint associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and different adiposity measures with mortality risk in individuals with prediabetes (or impaired fasting glucose). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We examined associations of CRF and fatness with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in a cohort of 17,044 participants (89% men) with prediabetes (defined as 100 mg/dL ≤ fasting plasma glucose < 126 mg/dL), who did not have a history of diabetes, CVD, or cancer. RESULTS We identified 832 deaths (246 from CVD) during 13.9 ± 7.0 years (mean ± SD) follow-up. Normal-weight individuals who were unfit (lowest one-third) had a higher risk of all-cause (hazard ratio 1.70 [95% CI 1.32-2.18]) and CVD (1.88 [1.13-3.10]) mortality compared with the normal-weight and fit (upper two-thirds) reference group in a model adjusted for age, sex, examination year, and multiple risk factors. The mortality risk for fit individuals who were overweight or obese did not differ significantly from the reference group. Similar patterns were observed for sex-specific thirds of waist circumference and % body fat. CONCLUSIONS CRF markedly modifies the relationship between adiposity and mortality in persons with prediabetes. Unfit individuals have a higher and fit individuals have a lower mortality risk irrespective of adiposity level in this high-risk group.
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193
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Liu J, Sui X, Blair SN, Lavie CJ. In reply--Association of coffee consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:1493-4. [PMID: 24290128 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Liu
- Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC
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194
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Saxena A, Minton D, Lee DC, Sui X, Fayad R, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Protective role of resting heart rate on all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:1420-6. [PMID: 24290115 PMCID: PMC3908776 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the protective role of lower resting heart rate (RHR) in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients (n=53,322) who received a baseline medical examination between January 1, 1974, and December 31, 2002, were recruited from the Cooper Clinic, Dallas, Texas. They completed a medical questionnaire and underwent clinical evaluation. Patients with CVD or cancer or who had less than 1 year of mortality follow-up were excluded from the study. Relative risks and 95% CIs for all-cause and CVD mortality across RHR categories were estimated using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Highest cardiorespiratory fitness with lower mortality was found in individuals with an RHR of less than 60 beats/min. Similarly, patients with a higher RHR (≥80 beats/min) were at greater risk for CVD and all-cause mortality compared with an RHR of less than 60 beats/min. This analysis was followed by stratification of the data by hypertension, where hypertensive individuals with high RHRs (≥80 beats/min) were found to be at greater risk for CVD and all-cause mortality compared with those with hypertension and lower RHRs (<60 beats/min). In addition, unfit individuals with high RHRs had the greatest risk of CVD and all-cause mortality. The unfit with low RHR group had a similar risk for CVD and all-cause mortality as the fit with high RHR group. CONCLUSION Lower cardiorespiratory fitness levels and higher RHRs are linked to greater CVD and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpit Saxena
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia
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195
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España-Romero V, Artero EG, Lee DC, Sui X, Baruth M, Ruiz JR, Pate RR, Blair SN. A Prospective Study of Ideal Cardiovascular Health and Depressive Symptoms. Psychosomatics 2013; 54:525-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psym.2013.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Revised: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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196
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Sui X, Chen R, Wang Z, Huang Z, Kong N, Zhang M, Han W, Lou F, Yang J, Zhang Q, Wang X, He C, Pan H. Autophagy and chemotherapy resistance: a promising therapeutic target for cancer treatment. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e838. [PMID: 24113172 PMCID: PMC3824660 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 888] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Induction of cell death and inhibition of cell survival are the main principles of cancer therapy. Resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a major problem in oncology, which limits the effectiveness of anticancer drugs. A variety of factors contribute to drug resistance, including host factors, specific genetic or epigenetic alterations in the cancer cells and so on. Although various mechanisms by which cancer cells become resistant to anticancer drugs in the microenvironment have been well elucidated, how to circumvent this resistance to improve anticancer efficacy remains to be defined. Autophagy, an important homeostatic cellular recycling mechanism, is now emerging as a crucial player in response to metabolic and therapeutic stresses, which attempts to maintain/restore metabolic homeostasis through the catabolic lysis of excessive or unnecessary proteins and injured or aged organelles. Recently, several studies have shown that autophagy constitutes a potential target for cancer therapy and the induction of autophagy in response to therapeutics can be viewed as having a prodeath or a prosurvival role, which contributes to the anticancer efficacy of these drugs as well as drug resistance. Thus, understanding the novel function of autophagy may allow us to develop a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance the effects of chemotherapy and improve clinical outcomes in the treatment of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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197
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Liu J, Sui X, Lavie CJ, Hebert JR, Earnest CP, Zhang J, Blair SN. Association of coffee consumption with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Mayo Clin Proc 2013; 88:1066-74. [PMID: 23953850 PMCID: PMC3835155 DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Revised: 06/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association between coffee consumption and mortality from all causes and from cardiovascular disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data from the Aerobics Center Longitudinal Study representing 43,727 participants with 699,632 person-years of follow-up were included. Baseline data were collected by an in-person interview on the basis of standardized questionnaires and a medical examination, including fasting blood chemistry analysis, anthropometry, blood pressure, electrocardiography, and a maximal graded exercise test, between February 3, 1971, and December 30, 2002. Cox regression analysis was used to quantify the association between coffee consumption and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS During the 17-year median follow-up, 2512 deaths occurred (804 [32%] due to cardiovascular disease). In multivariate analyses, coffee intake was positively associated with all-cause mortality in men. Men who drank more than 28 cups of coffee per week had higher all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR], 1.21; 95% CI, 1.04-1.40). However, after stratification based on age, younger (<55 years old) men and women showed a significant association between high coffee consumption (>28 cups per week) and all-cause mortality after adjusting for potential confounders and fitness level (HR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.30-1.87 for men; and HR, 2.13; 95% CI, 1.26-3.59 for women). CONCLUSION In this large cohort, a positive association between coffee consumption and all-cause mortality was observed in men and in men and women younger than 55 years. On the basis of these findings, it seems appropriate to suggest that younger people avoid heavy coffee consumption (ie, averaging >4 cups per day). However, this finding should be assessed in future studies of other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiu Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia.
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198
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Moliner-Urdiales D, Artero EG, Lee DC, España-Romero V, Sui X, Blair SN. Body adiposity index and all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in men. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:1870-6. [PMID: 23512375 PMCID: PMC3695010 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of body adiposity index (BAI) with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. DESIGN AND METHODS The current analysis comprised 19,756 adult men who enrolled in the Aerobics Centre Longitudinal Study and completed a baseline examination during 1988-2002. All-cause and CVD mortality was registered till December 31, 2003. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 8.3 years (163,844 man-years), 353 deaths occurred (101 CVD deaths). Age- and examination year-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for all-cause mortality risk were higher for men with high values of BMI (HR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.19-2.23), waist circumference (1.55, 1.22-1.96), and percentage of body fat (%BF) (1.36, 1.04-1.31), but not for men with high values of BAI (1.28, 0.98-1.66). The HRs for CVD mortality risks were higher for men with high values in all adiposity measures (HRs ranged from 1.73 to 2.06). Most of these associations, however, became nonsignificant after adjusting for multiple confounders including cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSION BAI is not a better predictor of all-cause and CVD mortality risk than BMI, waist circumference, or %BF.
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199
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Sandler RD, Sui X, Church TS, Fritz SL, Beattie PF, Blair SN. Are flexibility and muscle-strengthening activities associated with a higher risk of developing low back pain? J Sci Med Sport 2013; 17:361-5. [PMID: 23988784 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between participation in flexibility or muscle-strengthening activities with the development of low back pain. DESIGN Observational cohort study. METHODS The cohort included 4610 adults, 17% female, between 20 and 81 years of age (mean 46.6, standard deviation 4.96). The cohort was followed for a mean of 4.9 years for self-reported low back pain. All participants reported at baseline whether they performed flexibility or muscle-strengthening activities, including specific sub-types. RESULTS Neither general performance of flexibility or muscle-strengthening activities were associated with a higher incidence of low back pain compared to those who did not perform these activities. Those who reported stretching, as a specific flexibility activity were at a higher risk of developing low back pain compared with those who performed no flexibility exercises, reported callisthenic flexibility activities, or attended exercise classes. Those who reported using weight training machines, as part of muscle-strengthening activities, had a higher risk of reporting low back pain, compared with those who did not perform muscle-strengthening activities or performed callisthenic or free weight activities. CONCLUSIONS In this sample, stretching or use of weight training machines is associated with increased risk of developing low back pain compared to use of free weights, callisthenics or exercise classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Sandler
- University of Sheffield Medical School, Beech Hill Road, Sheffield S10 2RX, UK
| | - Xuemei Sui
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
| | - Timothy S Church
- Pennington Biomedical, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Stacy L Fritz
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Paul F Beattie
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Steven N Blair
- University of South Carolina, Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, Columbia, SC 29208, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
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200
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Jaggers JR, Dudgeon W, Blair SN, Sui X, Burgess S, Wilcox S, Hand GA. A home-based exercise intervention to increase physical activity among people living with HIV: study design of a randomized clinical trial. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:502. [PMID: 23706094 PMCID: PMC3668143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background While combination antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancy of those infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), there is a high prevalence of comorbidities that increase the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). The side effects associated with antiretroviral therapy (ART) lead to multiple metabolic disorders, making the management of these metabolic issues and risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in those treated with ART a critical issue. Clinical research trials, primarily clinical exercise, rarely include this population due to unique challenges in research methods with underserved minority populations living with a life threatening illness like HIV/AIDS. This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomized clinical trial evaluating the feasibility of a home-based exercise program designed to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce the risk of CVD in PLWHA. Methods/design PLWHA being treated with ART will be randomly assigned to one of two groups: a home-based PA intervention or standard care. All participants will receive an educational weight loss workbook and pedometer for self-monitoring of PA. Only those in the intervention group will receive additional elastic Thera-bands® for strength training and behavioral telephone based coaching. Discussion This study will evaluate the feasibility of a home-based program designed to increase PA among PLWHA. Further, it will evaluate the effectiveness of such a program to decrease modifiable risk factors for CVD as a secondary outcome. This study was funded by the NIH/NINR R21 Grant 1R21NRO11281. Trial registration Clinical Trial Identifier NCT01377064
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Jaggers
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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