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Sharif Nia H, Sivarajan Froelicher E, Mosazadeh H, Rezazadeh Fazeli A, Goudarzian AH, Toloei M, Ebrahimi F. Validity and Reliability of the Persian Version of Positive Body Image Among Adolescents Scale. J Nurs Meas 2024:JNM-2023-0088.R1. [PMID: 38519074 DOI: 10.1891/jnm-2023-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Background and Purpose: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS-P) in Tehran, Iran, in order to better understand adolescents' positive perceptions of their physical selves and the accompanying thoughts and emotions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out involving adolescents from Tehran Province, Iran, in 2022. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed in order to evaluate the construct validity of the PBIAS-P. Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and intraclass correlation coefficients were also used to confirm the internal consistency of the scale. Results: The findings indicate that three factors extracted from the PBIAS-P account for 50.1% of the total variance. The model fit is considered good based on cut points for various fit indices. All factors had values of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and average interitem correlation above .73, .74 and .4, respectively. Also, test-retest reliability for three factors was acceptable. Conclusions: The PBIAS-P has acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian adolescents, making it useful for researchers, psychologists, and health care professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Sharif Nia
- Department of Nursing, Amol Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Psychosomatic Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Erika Sivarajan Froelicher
- Department of Physiological Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hasan Mosazadeh
- Department of Psychology, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | | | - Amir Hossein Goudarzian
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- PhD Candidate of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Toloei
- Islamic Azad University, Electronic Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ebrahimi
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Lee BR, Koo HY, Lee S. Effects of transition programmes to adulthood for adolescents and young adults with CHD: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Cardiol Young 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38525659 DOI: 10.1017/s104795112400026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increased survival rate among individuals with CHD has sparked interest in their transition to adult healthcare. Although there is a general agreement on the importance of transition interventions, the empirical evidence supporting them is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of transition interventions for adult healthcare in adolescents and young adults. METHODS AND RESULTS A literature search was conducted for studies comparing the quantitative effects of transition interventions with control groups, published up to March 15, 2023, in major databases (CENTRAL, Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, KISS, and KMbase), major clinical trial registries, academic journal sites related to the topic, and grey literature databases. Ten studies involving a total of 1,297 participants were identified. Transition interventions proved effective in enhancing disease-related knowledge (Hedge's g = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.29-1.48) and self-management (Hedge's g = 0.67, 95% CI = 0.38-0.95), as well as reducing loss to follow-up (OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.22-0.77). The certainty of evidence for the estimated values of each major outcome was low or very low. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the implementation of transition interventions by demonstrating that they can improve patients' disease knowledge and self-management, while also promoting treatment continuity. However, since the available data on transition interventions for adolescents and young adults with CHD remain limited, the widespread adoption of structured transition interventions in the future may alter the conclusions of this study. REGISTRATION URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO. Unique identifier: CRD42023399026.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ryeong Lee
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyun Young Koo
- College of Nursing, Research Institute of Nursing Science, Daegu Catholic University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sangmi Lee
- College of Nursing, Dongyang University, Yeongju, Korea
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Lopes RT, Neves ÉTB, da Costa Dutra L, Firmino RT, de Lima LCM, Paiva SM, Ferreira FM, Granville-Garcia AF. Individual and Contextual Factors Associated with Adolescents' Self-Perceived Need for Treatment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2024; 21:395. [PMID: 38673308 PMCID: PMC11049991 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21040395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate associations between the self-perceived dental treatment need and clinical factors, familial characteristics, and school context in adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 746 students aged 15 to 19 years in a medium-sized city in Brazil. Data collection involved the use of a sociodemographic questionnaire, an oral health questionnaire, and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES III) instrument. Clinical examinations were performed by two trained and calibrated examiners (Kappa > 0.80) using the Nyvad criteria. A robust logistic regression analysis for complex samples was performed using a multilevel approach (α = 5%). The individual factors associated with the self-perceived treatment need were dental pain (OR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01-1.16), the loss of the first molars (OR = 1.09; 95% CI: 1.03-1.15), and disengaged family cohesion (OR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.01-1.31). In terms of context, attending a public school was associated with the self-perceived treatment need (OR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02-1.33). Thus, the individual factors of toothache, tooth loss, and a disengaged family, as well as the school context, exerted an influence on the self-perceived treatment need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roanny Torres Lopes
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Paraíba, Brazil;
| | | | | | - Ramon Targino Firmino
- Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Campina Grande, Patos 58708-110, Paraíba, Brazil;
| | - Larissa Chaves Morais de Lima
- Faculty of Medical Sciences of Campina Grande, UNIFACISA University Center, Campina Grande 58408-326, Paraíba, Brazil;
| | - Saul Martins Paiva
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (F.M.F.)
| | - Fernanda Morais Ferreira
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Minas Gerais, Brazil; (S.M.P.); (F.M.F.)
| | - Ana Flávia Granville-Garcia
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, State University of Paraíba, Campina Grande 58429-500, Paraíba, Brazil;
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Brislin SJ, Choi M, Perkins ER, Ahonen L, McCoy H, Boxer P, Clark DB, Jackson DB, Hicks BM. Racial Bias in School Discipline and Police Contact: Evidence From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Social Development (ABCD-SD) Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:S0890-8567(24)00136-9. [PMID: 38522612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Black youth are disproportionately exposed to school exclusionary discipline. We examined the impact of race on age at the onset of school disciplinary actions and police contact, and the rate of receiving increasingly severe disciplinary actions. METHOD Youth (N = 2,156) and their caregivers participating in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Social Development (ABCD-SD) study reported on the occurrence and timing of disciplinary events and youths' demographics, delinquency, and neighborhood conditions. Experiences of exclusionary discipline were analyzed using logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Black youth reported significantly higher rates of almost all disciplinary events compared to White youth. In logistic regression and Cox models, Black youth experienced higher risk for exclusionary discipline and police contact (odds ratios from 2.47 [detention] to 5.16 [sent home]; hazard ratios from 1.36 [detention] to 4.71 [expelled]), even after adjusting for sex, delinquency, neighborhood conditions, and the interaction between race and sex. Black youth who received detention and suspension were at higher risk for additional, more severe school discipline than were White youth. CONCLUSION Consistent with a racial bias in exclusionary discipline practices and policing, Black youth, particularly Black male youth, were at a higher risk for experiencing almost all disciplinary outcomes and at younger ages than White youth, after controlling for delinquency, sex, and neighborhood factors. Compared to White students, school detention and suspension status predicted an accelerated cascade of school discipline outcomes for Black students, suggesting racial disparities in how the severity of school discipline escalates over time. DIVERSITY & INCLUSION STATEMENT We worked to ensure that the study questionnaires were prepared in an inclusive way. One or more of the authors of this paper self-identifies as a member of one or more historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science. We actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our author group. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote sex and gender balance in our reference list. While citing references scientifically relevant for this work, we also actively worked to promote inclusion of historically underrepresented racial and/or ethnic groups in science in our reference list.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maia Choi
- Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | | | - Lia Ahonen
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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O'Kane KMK, Otamendi T, Silverberg ND, Choi E, Sicard V, Zemek R, Healey K, Brown O, Butterfield L, Smith A, Goldfield G, Kardish R, Saab B, Ledoux AA, Cairncross M. Development of Therapeutic Alliance and Social Presence in a Digital Intervention for Pediatric Concussion: Qualitative Exploratory Study. JMIR Form Res 2024; 8:e49133. [PMID: 38517472 PMCID: PMC10998177 DOI: 10.2196/49133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the promising benefits of self-guided digital interventions for adolescents recovering from concussion, attrition rates for such interventions are high. Evidence suggests that adults can develop therapeutic alliance with self-guided digital interventions, which is in turn associated with intervention engagement. However, no research has examined whether adolescents develop therapeutic alliance with self-guided digital interventions and what factors are important to its development. Additionally, social presence-the extent to which digital encounters feel like they are occurring in person-may be another relevant factor to understanding the nature of the connection between adolescents and a self-guided digital intervention, though this has yet to be explored. OBJECTIVE This qualitative study explored the extent to which adolescents recovering from concussion developed therapeutic alliance and social presence during their use of a self-guided digital mindfulness-based intervention. Additionally, this study aimed to determine factors important to adolescents' development of therapeutic alliance and social presence with the intervention. METHODS Adolescents aged between 12 and 17.99 years who sustained a concussion were recruited from 2 sites: a pediatric emergency department up to 48 hours after a concussion and a tertiary care clinic over 1 month following a concussion to capture adolescents who had both acute and persisting symptoms after concussion. Participants (N=10) completed a 4-week mindfulness-based intervention delivered through a smartphone app. Within the app, participants listened to audio recordings of mindfulness guides (voice actors) narrating psychoeducation and mindfulness practices. At 4 weeks, participants completed questionnaires and a semistructured interview exploring their experience of therapeutic alliance and social presence with the mindfulness guides in the intervention. RESULTS Themes identified within the qualitative results revealed that participants developed therapeutic alliance and social presence by "developing a genuine connection" with their mindfulness guides and "sensing real people." Particularly important to the development of therapeutic alliance and social presence were the mindfulness guides' "personal backgrounds and voices," such that participants felt more connected to the guides by knowing information about them and through the guides' calm tone of voice in audio recordings. Quantitative findings supported qualitative results; participants' average score for therapeutic alliance was far above the scale midpoint, while the mixed results for social presence measures aligned with qualitative findings that participants felt that the mindfulness guides seemed real but not quite as real as an in-person connection would. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that adolescents can develop therapeutic alliance and social presence when using digital interventions with no direct human contact. Adolescents' development of therapeutic alliance and social presence with self-guided digital interventions can be bolstered by increasing human-like qualities (eg, real voices) within interventions. Maximizing therapeutic alliance and social presence may be a promising way to reduce attrition in self-guided digital interventions while providing accessible treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiarah M K O'Kane
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Thalia Otamendi
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Noah D Silverberg
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Esther Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Veronik Sicard
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Roger Zemek
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics and Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Healey
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Olivier Brown
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, BC, Canada
| | - Lauren Butterfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andra Smith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, BC, Canada
| | - Gary Goldfield
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Rachel Kardish
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Andrée-Anne Ledoux
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, BC, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Molly Cairncross
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
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Balén Z, Pliskin E, Cook E, Manlove J, Steiner R, Cervantes M, Garrido M, Nuñez-Eddy C, Day M. Strategies to develop an LGBTQIA+-inclusive adolescent sexual health program evaluation. Front Reprod Health 2024; 6:1327980. [PMID: 38590517 PMCID: PMC11000634 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2024.1327980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Adolescent sexual health interventions are increasingly incorporating content that is inclusive of LGBTQIA+ youth (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning, intersex, asexual, and other marginalized sexualities and genders). Evaluations of such programs must also be inclusive to enhance the validity of evaluation results and avoid further marginalization. We present strategies for increasing LGBTQIA+-inclusivity based on our evaluation of SafeSpace, a sexual health curriculum. Methods To design an LGBTQIA+-inclusive program evaluation, we leveraged LGBTQIA+ research staff's insights, pursued a parental consent waiver, developed an inclusive recruitment plan, and crafted demographic and sexual behavior survey measures with input from youth and equity experts. We conducted a pilot study with 42 youth ages 14-17 to assess the feasibility and efficacy of our strategies. Results We obtained a parental consent waiver and recruited a majority LGBTQIA+ pilot study sample (62%). Using themes from cognitive interviews with youth and experts regarding inclusive framing and use of plain language, we refined demographic measures and expanded sexual behavior measures. Conclusion Findings suggest that the strategies used to enhance LGBTQIA+-inclusivity in our evaluation of SafeSpace were effective in respectfully and more accurately capturing a fuller range of experiences and identities of LGBTQIA+ and cis-straight youth. The strategies and survey measures developed for this study can be applied to increase LGBTQIA+-inclusivity in other adolescent sexual health program evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maeve Day
- Child Trends, Rockville, MD, United States
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157
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Kim JJ, Hwang KR, Lee D, Kim S, Choi YM. Adolescents diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome under the Rotterdam criteria but not meeting the diagnosis under the updated guideline. Hum Reprod 2024:deae042. [PMID: 38514450 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION What are the characteristics of adolescents diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) based on the 2003 Rotterdam criteria, but who do not meet the diagnosis according to the international evidence-based guideline? SUMMARY ANSWER Adolescents who had features of PCOS but did not meet the evidence-based guideline adolescent criteria exhibited unfavorable metabolic profiles compared to controls and shared considerable metabolic and hormonal features with adolescents who did meet the adolescent criteria. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY The international evidence-based PCOS guideline recommended that ultrasound should not be used for the diagnosis of PCOS in girls with a gynecological age of <8 years. Thus far, few studies have evaluated the clinical characteristics of the girls diagnosed with PCOS based on the Rotterdam criteria but who do not meet the diagnosis according to the updated guideline. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This is a retrospective study, and subjects attended for care from 2004 to 2022. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Adolescent girls with PCOS diagnosed according to the 2003 Rotterdam criteria and healthy controls. All participants were between 2 and 8 years since menarche. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Of the 315 girls diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria, those with irregular menstruation (IM)/hyperandrogenism (HA)/polycystic ovary (PCO), IM/HA, HA/PCO, and IM/PCO phenotypes accounted for 206 (65.4%), 30 (9.5%), 12 (3.8%), and 67 (21.3%) participants, respectively. According to the evidence-based guideline, 79 girls (25.1%) with the HA/PCO or IM/PCO phenotypes were not diagnosed with PCOS, and aligned to the international guideline; they were designated as the 'at-risk' group. As expected, the girls meeting the evidence-based guideline adolescent criteria showed the worst metabolic profiles (degree of generalized or central obesity, frequency of insulin resistance, prediabetes or diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) and higher hirsutism scores than the at-risk group or controls. Approximately 90% of the at-risk group were not overweight or obese, which was similar to the controls. However, they showed worse metabolic profiles, with higher blood pressure, triglyceride, and insulin resistance parameters than controls; furthermore, these profiles were similar to those of the girls meeting the adolescent criteria. The at-risk group showed similarly elevated serum LH levels and LH/FSH ratio with the girls meeting adolescent criteria. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION We could not evaluate hormonal or ultrasound parameters in controls. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Compared to the conventional Rotterdam criteria, the recent international evidence-based guideline-avoiding ultrasound in PCOS diagnosis in adolescents-still gives the opportunity to identify young girls at risk, aligned to the findings in this study. A practical approach to this adolescent population would involve establishing IM or HA (with ultrasound not indicated) and designating 'at-risk' PCOS status with regular check-ups for newly developed or worsening PCOS-related symptoms or metabolic abnormalities, with subsequent reassessment including ultrasound or anti-Müllerian hormone, once 8 years post-menarche. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No funding was received in support of this study. The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER N/A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Ri Hwang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dayong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunmie Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Healthcare System Gangnam Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Grace Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
- The Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Cheng J, Zhao J, Song B, Han H, Liu N, Chen Y, Liu X, Dong Y, Bian W, Liu Z, Han S. Positive effects of parent-child group emotional regulation and resilience training on nonsuicidal self-injury behavior in adolescents: a quasi-experimental study. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1343792. [PMID: 38571996 PMCID: PMC10987729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1343792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents is a growing global concern. However, effective interventions for treating NSSI are limited. Method A 36-week quasi-experimental study design of parent-child group resilience training (intervention group) for adolescents aged 12-17 years was used and compared with treatment-as-usual (control group). The primary endpoint was the frequency of NSSI assessed with the Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI), and the secondary endpoints were the levels of depression, hope, resilience, and family adaptability and cohesion as assessed by the 24-item Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD-24), Herth Hope Scale (HHS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), and Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale, second edition (FACES-II-CV), respectively. Result A total of 118 participants completed the trial. Both groups showed a significant reduction in NSSI frequency after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention (p< 0.05), although the intervention group did not differ significantly from the control group. After 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention, the CD-RISC, HHS, HAMD-24, and FACES-II-CV scores in the intervention and control groups improved over baseline (p< 0.05). Furthermore, the intervention group had higher scores on the CD-RISC, HHS, and FACES-II-CV and lower scores on the HAMD-24 than the control group after 12, 24, and 36 weeks of intervention (p < 0.05). Conclusion Parent-child group emotional regulation and resilience training showed promise as treatment options for NSSI among adolescents, leading to increased hope, resilience, and improved family dynamics among NSSI teens. Moreover, NSSI frequency significantly decreased in the intervention group compared to baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxiang Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Juan Zhao
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Baoli Song
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Hong Han
- Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Taiyuan, China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yangjie Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Yue Dong
- Department of Intensive Care Unit (ICU), the Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Weina Bian
- Department of Nursing, Hanzhong Central Hospital, Hanzhong, China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shifan Han
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
- School of Nursing, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Kosticova M, Kopcakova J, Vaskova M, Slancova TK, Kolarcik P, Bakalár P. Sleep characteristics and adolescent physical activity-related injuries in sports clubs, leisure time and schools. Inj Prev 2024; 30:153-160. [PMID: 37963726 PMCID: PMC10958255 DOI: 10.1136/ip-2023-044936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sleep has been identified as an important factor in relation to physical activity-related injury (PARI) in adolescents. The study aimed to explore associations between sleep duration, sleep problems and PARI among Slovak adolescents in three different settings: sports clubs, leisure time and schools. METHODS We analysed data from the cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study conducted in 2022 on a representative sample of 10 163 Slovak adolescents aged from 10.5 to 18.3 (mean age 13.4 (SD=1.5); 50.9% boys). Data were collected through self-administered online questionnaires completed by respondents in schools during the classes. Multiple logistic regression models were used to assess associations between sleep duration during schooldays and weekends, sleep problems and PARI in sports clubs, leisure time and schools. RESULTS Adolescents with normal sleep duration during schooldays and those who reported no problems with falling asleep, waking up at night and day sleepiness had a higher chance of not being injured during PA in sports clubs, leisure time and schools compared with adolescents with short sleep duration and sleep problems. Sufficient sleep duration during the weekend increased the probability of not having PARI in leisure time and schools, with the strongest association between long sleep duration and PARI in leisure time. CONCLUSION Good sleep quality and sufficient sleep duration were found to play a protective role in relation to PARI in adolescents. The findings suggest implementing sleep interventions in PARI prevention programmes, which must be considered a key component of adolescent PA promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Kosticova
- Institute of Social Medicine and Medical Ethics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jaroslava Kopcakova
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Stafarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Monika Vaskova
- Department of Sports Educology and Humanistics, Faculty of Sports, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Terezia Kovalik Slancova
- Department of Sports Educology and Humanistics, Faculty of Sports, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kolarcik
- Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Stafarik University in Kosice, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Bakalár
- Department of Sports Educology and Humanistics, Faculty of Sports, University of Presov, Presov, Slovakia
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160
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Van Meter A, Agrawal N. LovesCompany: evaluating the safety and feasibility of a mental health-focused online community for adolescents. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38504652 DOI: 10.2989/17280583.2023.2283030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Background: Adolescents are at risk for mental health (MH) disorders but are unlikely to seek services and may be reluctant to talk about their MH. An anonymous, online MH-focused community could help reduce suffering. However, online forums can also promote negative behaviours such as cyberbullying. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of an online community - LovesCompany - to improve MH outcomes for adolescents.Methods: American adolescents (14-17 years) were recruited through social media. Eligible participants were randomised to LovesCompany or a placebo MH resource site. Outcomes were assessed every other week for six months, and at twelve months. Multilevel models assessed group differences in depression, anxiety, and suicidal ideation. A subgroup of participants participated in qualitative interviews.Results: Participants (N = 202) were mostly female (70%), White non-Hispanic (69%), and cisgender (80%). There were no instances of inappropriate behaviour such as bullying or posting explicit content. Symptoms for both groups improved over time. Participants appreciated hearing others' experiences and valued the opportunity to offer support.Conclusion: Although adolescents are often resistant to MH treatment, they appear to be interested in anonymous, online, MH-focused conversation, and can benefit from giving and seeking support. Finding a balance between an appealing user experience, ethical considerations, and resource needs is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Van Meter
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, USA
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Institute for Behavioral Science, Manhasset, USA
- Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Uniondale, USA
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, USA
| | - Neha Agrawal
- Ferkauf Graduate School of Psychology, Yeshiva University, New York, USA
- Community West Treatment Center, Los Angeles, USA
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161
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Lau PH, Carney CE. Implementation of a teen sleep app in Canadian high schools: Preliminary evidence of acceptability, engagement, and capacity for supporting healthy sleep habits. J Sleep Res 2024:e14199. [PMID: 38508689 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
High school students suffer from mental health challenges and poorer academic performance resulting from sleep disturbances. Unfortunately, approaches to this problem sometimes focus on increasing sleep duration by going to bed early; a strategy with limited success because teens experience a phase delay in bedtimes. There is a need for approaches that leverage behavioural sleep science and are accessible, scalable, and easily disseminated to students. DOZE (Delivering Online Zzz's with Empirical Support) is a self-management app that is grounded in sleep and circadian basic science. Although initial testing supports it as a feasible and acceptable app in a research context, it has not been tested as a strategy to use in schools. The present study tested DOZE in private high schools in Canada. Two-hundred and twenty-three students downloaded the app and completed daily sleep diaries over 4 weeks. Students reported a more regularised routine for bedtime, Mdiff = -0.43 h, p < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.65, -0.21], and rise time, Mdiff = -0.61 h, p < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.84, -0.38], in addition to a higher total sleep time, Mdiff = 0.18 h, p < 0.008, 95% CI [0.05, 0.31]. Students also rated DOZE to be highly acceptable. The evidence suggests that students find DOZE to be acceptable and engagement in this nonclinical population was reasonably high under minimal researcher supervision. This makes DOZE an attractive option and a step towards broad-based sleep health services. High powered replications with control groups are needed to increase empirical rigour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parky H Lau
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colleen E Carney
- Department of Psychology, Toronto Metropolitan University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Purevdorj B, Suh E, Petersen AB, Kuwabara Y, Kinjo A, Osaki Y, Narmandakh A, Dambardarjaa D, Singh P. Spatial and Economic Proximity of Cigarette Sales to School Children in Mongolia. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-4088408. [PMID: 38562754 PMCID: PMC10984032 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4088408/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Background The Western Pacific Region has the highest rate of cigarette smoking in the world. In this region, Mongolia has ratified the WHO FCTC treaty and, as part of treaty implementation, has monitored school tobacco use in children using the 2014 Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and 2019 GYTS. Our objective was to examine the spatial and economic factors associated with cigarette use in schoolchildren of Mongolia. Methods The 2014 and 2019 GYTS are the most recent and comprehensive national surveys of tobacco use in schoolchildren in Mongolia and are cross-sectional, stratified, multi-stage cluster surveys of 13-15 year-old schoolchildren (7,298 in 2014, 4,146 in 2019) selected from urban and rural schools. For each survey, we conducted logistic regression modelling to examine whether spatial (proximity of cigarette sales to schools), economic (pocket money available to school children), and other environmental/contextual factors were predictors of cigarette use (all, single sticks) in schoolchildren. Results We found that 1)the prevalence of vendors selling cigarettes near schools increased from 65% in the 2014 GYTS to 94% in the 2019 GYTS, 2) sales of cigarettes near schools were associated with increased current smoking of all cigarettes and this effect increased from a marginal 31% increase in odds in 2014 (OR [95% confidence interval(CI)]=1.31 [0.99, 1.73]) to a 416% increase in odds in 2019 (OR [95% CI]=5.16[3.31, 8.05]), 3) sales of cigarettes near schools were associated with a substantial increase in odds of smoking single cigarettes in 2014 (OR [95% CI]=1.87 [1.14,3.06]) and in 2019 (OR[95% CI]=2.70 [1.42, 5.12]). We also found that smoking of all cigarettes was higher when student pocket money exceeded the price of the cigarette pack (approximately 1.8 USD) and also when parents and/or peers were smokers. Conclusions Despite the 2012 National Tobacco Laws banning sales of cigarettes and single cigarettes to schoolchildren near schools, the most recent national surveys (2014-2019) have shown that these sales are increasing. We provide new findings indicating that despite the higher pricing of cigarette packs (relative to the region), illicit sales of single cigarettes are targeting schoolchildren near their schools.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Suh
- Loma Linda University Cancer Center
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163
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Reese JA, Roman MJ, Deen JF, Ali T, Cole SA, Devereux RB, Fretts AM, Howard WJ, Lee ET, Malloy K, Umans JG, Zhang Y. Dyslipidemia in American Indian Adolescents and Young Adults: Strong Heart Family Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2024; 13:e031741. [PMID: 38445515 PMCID: PMC11010025 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.123.031741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies on the association between dyslipidemia and cardiovascular disease (CVD) exist in older adults, data on the association among adolescents and young adults living with disproportionate burden of cardiometabolic disorders are scarce. METHODS AND RESULTS The SHFS (Strong Heart Family Study) is a multicenter, family-based, prospective cohort study of CVD in an American Indian populations, including 12 communities in central Arizona, southwestern Oklahoma, and the Dakotas. We evaluated SHFS participants, who were 15 to 39 years old at the baseline examination in 2001 to 2003 (n=1440). Lipids were measured after a 12-hour fast. We used carotid ultrasounds to detect plaque at baseline and follow-up in 2006 to 2009 (median follow-up=5.5 years). We identified incident CVD events through 2020 with a median follow-up of 18.5 years. We used shared frailty proportional hazards models to assess the association between dyslipidemia and subclinical or clinical CVD, while controlling for covariates. Baseline dyslipidemia prevalence was 55.2%, 73.6%, and 78.0% for participants 15 to 19, 20 to 29, and 30 to 39 years old, respectively. Approximately 2.8% had low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL, which is higher than the recommended threshold for lifestyle or medical interventions in young adults of 20 to 39 years old. During follow-up, 9.9% had incident plaque (109/1104 plaque-free participants with baseline and follow-up ultrasounds), 11.0% had plaque progression (128/1165 with both baseline and follow-up ultrasounds), and 9% had incident CVD (127/1416 CVD-free participants at baseline). Plaque incidence and progression were higher in participants with total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL, or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL, while controlling for covariates. CVD risk was independently associated with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥160 mg/dL. CONCLUSIONS Dyslipidemia is a modifiable risk factor that is associated with both subclinical and clinical CVD, even among the younger American Indian population who have unexpectedly high rates of significant CVD events. Therefore, this population is likely to benefit from a variety of evidence-based interventions including screening, educational, lifestyle, and guideline-directed medical therapy at an early age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Reese
- Center for American Indian Health Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | | | - Jason F Deen
- Departments of Pediatrics and Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Tauqeer Ali
- Center for American Indian Health Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health Texas Biomedical Research Institute San Antonio TX USA
| | | | - Amanda M Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology University of Washington Seattle WA USA
| | - Wm James Howard
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science Washington DC USA
| | - Elisa T Lee
- Center for American Indian Health Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Kimberly Malloy
- Center for American Indian Health Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA
| | - Jason G Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute Hyattsville MD USA
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science Washington DC USA
| | - Ying Zhang
- Center for American Indian Health Research, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Hudson College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City OK USA
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Miller K, McKean A, Hand J, Rackley S, Leung JG, LeMahieu A, Geske J, Bostwick JM. The occurrence of mental health symptoms in isotretinoin-treated adolescents. Pediatr Dermatol 2024. [PMID: 38500340 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isotretinoin treatment for acne can reduce adverse psychiatric outcomes in adults, but there has been little investigation of the incidence of psychiatric outcomes in treated adolescents. METHODS This retrospective cohort study using the Rochester Epidemiology Project identified 606 patients aged 12-18 prescribed isotretinoin over a 10-year period between January 1, 2008 and December 31, 2017. Medical records were reviewed to identify psychiatric diagnoses before and during isotretinoin therapy, as well as psychiatric symptoms not captured by formal diagnoses and changes to isotretinoin dosing because of psychiatric diagnoses or symptoms. RESULTS One hundred seventy-seven (29.2%) had a psychiatric diagnosis prior to isotretinoin initiation, but 98 (16.2%) had a new psychiatric diagnosis or psychiatric symptom while taking isotretinoin. Patients with a psychiatric history were no more likely than those without to receive a new psychiatric diagnosis during treatment (4.5% vs. 3.7%; p = .650), but did experience more psychiatric symptoms, primarily low mood and mood swings (23.7% vs. 7.7%; p < .001). Only 25.5% of the 98 with a new psychiatric diagnosis or psychiatric symptom had a subsequent dose change. A dose change was more likely if patients received a new psychiatric diagnosis (41.7% vs. 20.3%; p = .037) or patients did not have a psychosocial explanation for psychiatric symptoms (34.4% vs. 10.8%; p = .009). CONCLUSIONS A substantial proportion of adolescent patients prescribed isotretinoin had a prior psychiatric diagnosis. This predicts more psychiatric symptoms during isotretinoin treatment. Adolescents with a psychiatric history who have worsening symptoms and those with new-onset psychiatric symptoms would benefit from close monitoring while taking isotretinoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith Miller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alastair McKean
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer Hand
- Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Sandra Rackley
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan G Leung
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Allison LeMahieu
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jennifer Geske
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - J Michael Bostwick
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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165
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Rhiel S, Kläy A, Keller U, van Hedel HJA, Ammann-Reiffer C. Comparing Walking-Related Everyday Life Tasks of Children with Gait Disorders in a Virtual Reality Setup With a Physical Setup: Cross-Sectional Noninferiority Study. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e49550. [PMID: 38498048 PMCID: PMC10985604 DOI: 10.2196/49550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A frequent rehabilitation goal for children with gait disorders is to practice daily-life walking activities. Unfortunately, these are often difficult to practice in a conventional therapeutic setting. Virtual reality (VR) with head-mounted displays (HMDs) could be a promising approach in neurorehabilitation to train such activities in a safe environment. First, however, we must know whether obstacles in VR are indeed mastered as obstacles. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide information on whether VR is feasible and motivating to induce and practice movements needed to master real obstacles in children and adolescents with gait disorders. Furthermore, this project aims to evaluate which kinds of everyday walking activities are appropriate to be practiced in VR. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, participants stepped over a bar, crossed a gap, balanced over a beam, and circumvented stationary obstructions arranged in a course under real physical and virtual conditions wearing a VR HMD. We recorded the respective primary outcomes (step height, step length, step width, and minimal shoulder-obstacle distance) with motion capture. We then calculated the mean differences and 95% CI of the spatiotemporal parameters between the VR and physical setup and later compared them using noninferiority analysis with margins defined a priori by a clinical expert panel. Additionally, the participants responded to a standardized questionnaire while the therapists observed and evaluated their movement performance. RESULTS We recruited 20 participants (mean age 12.0, range 6.6-17.8 years) with various diagnoses affecting their walking ability. At 3.77 (95% CI 1.28 to 6.26) cm, the mean difference in step height of the leading foot in the overstepping task did not exceed the predefined margin of -2 cm, thus signifying noninferiority of the VR condition compared to mastering the physical obstacles. The same was true for step length (-1.75, 95% CI -4.91 to 1.41 cm; margin -10 cm), step width (1.05, 95% CI 0.20 to -1.90 cm; margin 3 cm), and the minimal shoulder-obstacle distance (0.25, 95% CI -0.85 to 0.35 cm; margin -2 cm) in the other tasks. Only the trailing foot in the overstepping task yielded inconclusive results. CONCLUSIONS Children with gait disorders perform everyday walking tasks like overstepping, crossing, balancing, or circumventing similarly in physical and VR environments, suggesting that VR could be a feasible therapeutic tool to practice everyday walking tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Rhiel
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrina Kläy
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Keller
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubertus J A van Hedel
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Ammann-Reiffer
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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166
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Yang R, Zheng H, Cao X, Mo D, Li M, Liu W, Zhong H. Characteristics of attentional bias in adolescents with major depressive disorders: differentiating the impact of anxious distress specifier. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1352971. [PMID: 38563026 PMCID: PMC10983793 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1352971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background No consistent conclusion has been reached regarding the attentional bias characteristics of adolescents with major depressive disorders (MDD), and unexamined co-occurring anxiety distress may contribute to this inconsistency. Methods We enrolled 50 MDD adolescents with anxiety distress, 47 MDD adolescents without anxiety distress and 48 healthy adolescents. We measured attentional bias using a point-probe paradigm during a negative-neutral emotional face task. Reaction time, correct response rate and attentional bias value were measured. Results MDD adolescents did not show a negative attentional bias; MDD adolescents with anxiety distress exhibited longer reaction time for negative and neutral stimuli, lower correct response rate for negative stimuli. Hamilton Anxiety Scale scores were positively correlated with reaction time, negatively correlated with correct response rate, and not significantly correlated with attentional bias value. Limitations The cross-sectional design hinders causal attribution, and positive emotional faces were not included in our paradigm. Conclusion Negative attentional bias is not a stable cognitive trait in adolescents with MDD, and avoidance or difficulty in disengaging attention from negative emotional stimuli may be the attentional bias characteristic of MDD adolescents with anxiety distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescents, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescents, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaomei Cao
- Department of Child and Adolescents, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Daming Mo
- Department of Child and Adolescents, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Mengting Li
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Wenyuan Liu
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Child and Adolescents, Hefei Fourth People’s Hospital, Hefei, China
- School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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167
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Petrov ME, Liu L, Mudappathi R, Whisner CM. Actigraphic sleep patterns are associated with bone turnover and bone mineral density among university students. J Sleep Res 2024:e14192. [PMID: 38494335 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Poorer sleep is associated with poorer bone health among older adults but the role of sleep in bone health during younger adulthood is understudied. In this observational study, the averages and variability in total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), and sleep midpoint of university students were examined in relation to levels of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and bone mineral density (BMD) at the lumbar spine and femur. A sample of healthy, university students (N = 59, aged 18-25 years, 51.8% female, body mass index <30 kg/m2 ), wore a wrist actigraph for 7 days, completed a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan, and underwent blood sampling to assess serum BTM concentrations of osteocalcin (OC) and N-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen. A sub-sample (n = 14) completed a one-year follow-up. Multiple regression models examined the associations between each sleep metric and bone health outcome at baseline and 1-year follow-up. At baseline, greater variability in sleep midpoint was cross-sectionally associated with greater OC (β = 0.21, p = 0.042). In the exploratory, follow-up sub-sample, lower average TST (β = -0.66, p = 0.013) and SE (β = -0.68, p = 0.01) at baseline were associated with greater increases in OC at follow-up. Greater delays in mean sleep midpoint over follow-up were significantly associated with decreases in lumbar spine BMD (β = -0.49, p = 0.03). In a sample of young adults, variable sleep schedules were associated with greater bone turnover suggesting the potential importance of regular sleep for optimising bone health into early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan E Petrov
- Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Li Liu
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Rekha Mudappathi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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168
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Alie MS, Negesse Y. Machine learning prediction of adolescent HIV testing services in Ethiopia. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1341279. [PMID: 38560439 PMCID: PMC10981275 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1341279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Despite endeavors to achieve the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS 95-95-95 fast track targets established in 2014 for HIV prevention, progress has fallen short. Hence, it is imperative to identify factors that can serve as predictors of an adolescent's HIV status. This identification would enable the implementation of targeted screening interventions and the enhancement of healthcare services. Our primary objective was to identify these predictors to facilitate the improvement of HIV testing services for adolescents in Ethiopia. Methods A study was conducted by utilizing eight different machine learning techniques to develop models using demographic and health data from 4,502 adolescent respondents. The dataset consisted of 31 variables and variable selection was done using different selection methods. To train and validate the models, the data was randomly split into 80% for training and validation, and 20% for testing. The algorithms were evaluated, and the one with the highest accuracy and mean f1 score was selected for further training using the most predictive variables. Results The J48 decision tree algorithm has proven to be remarkably successful in accurately detecting HIV positivity, outperforming seven other algorithms with an impressive accuracy rate of 81.29% and a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve of 86.3%. The algorithm owes its success to its remarkable capability to identify crucial predictor features, with the top five being age, knowledge of HIV testing locations, age at first sexual encounter, recent sexual activity, and exposure to family planning. Interestingly, the model's performance witnessed a significant improvement when utilizing only twenty variables as opposed to including all variables. Conclusion Our research findings indicate that the J48 decision tree algorithm, when combined with demographic and health-related data, is a highly effective tool for identifying potential predictors of HIV testing. This approach allows us to accurately predict which adolescents are at a high risk of infection, enabling the implementation of targeted screening strategies for early detection and intervention. To improve the testing status of adolescents in the country, we recommend considering demographic factors such as age, age at first sexual encounter, exposure to family planning, recent sexual activity, and other identified predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melsew Setegn Alie
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
| | - Yilkal Negesse
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre-Markos University, Gojjam, Ethiopia
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169
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Smout A, Melvin G, Jorm A, Yap MBH. Adapting a coach-assisted web-based intervention for parents of adolescents who refuse school: qualitative study with users of the Partners in Parenting Plus programme. BJPsych Open 2024; 10:e68. [PMID: 38487861 PMCID: PMC10951848 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2024.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND School refusal is a heterogenous problem which typically emerges in adolescence and co-occurs with internalising disorders. A substantial proportion of adolescents do not respond to existing treatment modalities; thus, novel, effective intervention options are needed. Partners in Parenting Plus (PiP+) is a coach-assisted, web-based intervention designed to empower parents to respond to adolescent internalising disorders. AIMS To conduct a process evaluation of PiP+ and identify programme adaptations required to meet the needs of parents of adolescents who refuse school. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 Australian mothers who had: (a) received the PiP+ programme (not tailored for school refusal) during a prior research trial; and (b) reported that their adolescent was refusing school during their participation in PiP+. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse interview transcripts. RESULTS Participants were 41-53 years old (M = 47.8) and parenting adolescent children aged 14-17 years (M = 14.9). Three themes illustrated how PiP+ features met or could better meet the needs of parents of adolescents who were refusing school: (a) feeling heard, supported and respected; (b) relevance to me and my context; and (c) seeing positive changes. Participants had favourable views of PiP+, especially coached components. Participants requested programme enhancements to better meet the needs of parents of neurodiverse adolescents and discussed the impact of cumulative help-seeking 'failures' on self-efficacy and locus of control. CONCLUSIONS PiP+ was highly acceptable to the majority of parents navigating the issue of school refusal. This has implications for the enhancement of coach-assisted parenting interventions and the context-specific adaptation of PiP+ for school refusal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smout
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn Melvin
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marie B. H. Yap
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Hasler BP, Schulz CT, Pedersen SL. Sleep-Related Predictors of Risk for Alcohol Use and Related Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults. Alcohol Res 2024; 44:02. [PMID: 38500552 PMCID: PMC10948113 DOI: 10.35946/arcr.v44.1.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Growing evidence supports sleep and circadian rhythms as influencing alcohol use and the course of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Studying sleep/circadian-alcohol associations during adolescence and young adulthood may be valuable for identifying sleep/circadian-related approaches to preventing and/or treating AUD. This paper reviews current evidence for prospective associations between sleep/circadian factors and alcohol involvement during adolescence and young adulthood with an emphasis on the effects of sleep/circadian factors on alcohol use. SEARCH METHODS The authors conducted a literature search in PsycInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science using the search terms "sleep" and "alcohol" paired with "adolescent" or "adolescence" or "young adult" or "emerging adult," focusing on the title/abstract fields, and restricting to English-language articles. Next, the search was narrowed to articles with a prospective/longitudinal or experimental design, a sleep-related measure as a predictor, an alcohol-related measure as an outcome, and confirming a primarily adolescent and/or young adult sample. This step was completed by a joint review of candidate article abstracts by two of the authors. SEARCH RESULTS The initial search resulted in 720 articles. After review of the abstracts, the list was narrowed to 27 articles reporting on observational longitudinal studies and three articles reporting on intervention trials. Noted for potential inclusion were 35 additional articles that reported on studies with alcohol-related predictors and sleep-related outcomes, and/or reported on candidate moderators or mediators of sleep-alcohol associations. Additional articles were identified via review of relevant article reference lists and prior exposure based on the authors' previous work in this area. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Overall, the review supports a range of sleep/circadian characteristics during adolescence and young adulthood predicting the development of alcohol use and/or alcohol-related problems. Although sleep treatment studies in adolescents and young adults engaging in regular and/or heavy drinking show that sleep can be improved in those individuals, as well as potentially reducing alcohol craving and alcohol-related consequences, no studies in any age group have yet demonstrated that improving sleep reduces drinking behavior. Notable limitations include relatively few longitudinal studies and only two experimental studies, insufficient consideration of different assessment timescales (e.g., day-to-day vs. years), insufficient consideration of the multidimensional nature of sleep, a paucity of objective measures of sleep and circadian rhythms, and insufficient consideration of how demographic variables may influence sleep/circadian-alcohol associations. Examining such moderators, particularly those related to minoritized identities, as well as further investigation of putative mechanistic pathways linking sleep/circadian characteristics to alcohol outcomes, are important next steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brant P Hasler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Christina T Schulz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah L Pedersen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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171
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Schliemann D, Spence S, O'Kane N, Chiang CC, Olgacher D, McKinley MC, Woodside JV. Identifying the top 10 research priorities for the school food system in the UK: a priority setting exercise. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e081400. [PMID: 38485482 PMCID: PMC10941135 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-081400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The school food system varies widely between schools and across the UK. There is a need to understand evidence gaps in school food research to allow the development, implementation and evaluation of policies and interventions to support children's healthy eating at school. This study aimed to conduct a priority setting exercise to co-produce research priorities in relation to the UK school food system. METHODS The James Lind Alliance process informed this priority setting exercise; all key steps engaged a wide range of UK school food stakeholders (including teachers, parents, principals, school governors, policymakers, caterers). An initial online stakeholder survey identified perceived research priorities. In a second survey, stakeholders were asked to rank these priorities. Lastly, an online priority setting workshop with stakeholders elicited the most important research priorities. RESULTS In 2021, school food stakeholders (n=1280) completed the first survey, from which 136 research priorities were identified. In the second survey, participants (n=107) ranked these research priorities regarding their importance. Lastly, 30 workshop participants discussed and reached consensus on the research priorities. After final refinement by the research team, 18 priorities resulted, with the top 10 being related to the provision of free school meals (effectiveness of cost-effectiveness of different levels of eligibility, including universal provision), implementation of policy (including improving uptake) and food standards, issues around procurement, leadership, inequalities, social norms, the eating environment, food culture throughout the school setting and healthy eating. CONCLUSION The top 10 research priorities were elicited through a rigorous approach, including a wide range of stakeholders across the UK. These should be considered by policymakers, researchers and others to inform research, evidence-based policy development and, ultimately, improve the UK school food system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Suzanne Spence
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Niamh O'Kane
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Dilara Olgacher
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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172
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Mello CRLE, da Silva GAP, Lins MTC, Antunes MMDC. Gluten-free diet adherence in pediatric celiac patients: Evaluating CDAT questionnaire and test for gluten detection in urine. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2024. [PMID: 38477385 DOI: 10.1002/jpn3.12180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to evaluate the contributions of the Adapted Celiac Dietary Adherence Test (CDAT) and the Rapid Urinary Gluten Detection Test (u-GIP) in assessing gluten-free diet adherence in children and adolescents with celiac disease. METHODS Fifty-four celiac patients from two pediatric gastroenterology outpatient clinics affiliated with university hospitals were evaluated. The original CDAT was adapted for children through a transcultural process, and the original cutoff point was adopted to define adherence. A single examiner carried out the u-GIP test in fresh urine samples. Sociodemographic and clinical factors and family food security status were also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 88.9% of participants (confidence interval [CI]: 77.4-95.8; p<0.001) adhered to the gluten-free diet, as determined by the adapted CDAT score, while 87.0% (CI: 75.1-94.6; p<0.001) had negative u-GIP results. Among the 48 children adhering to the CDAT, six exhibited positive u-GIP results in a urine sample. Of the six nonadherent participants, only one had a positive u-GIP result. Notably, none of the children and adolescents with celiac disease who tested positive for u-GIP reported symptoms on the day of testing, and their growth rates remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Even celiac children and adolescents adhering to the CDAT questionnaire may show a positive u-GIP in a single measurement without accompanying symptoms or growth impairment. The u-GIP could be helpful in complementary tests in specific situations, such as for patients who exhibit compliant behavior but still experience symptoms or maintain persistent positive serology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Lins E Mello
- Department of Medical Sciences, Children and Adolescent Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gisélia A P da Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences, Children and Adolescent Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Manuela T C Lins
- Ambulatory of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Margarida M de C Antunes
- Department of Medical Sciences, Children and Adolescent Health Graduate Program, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Yang J, Alshaikh E, Asa N, VonDeylen O, Desai N, Taylor HG, Pommering T, MacDonald JP, Cohen DM, Yeates KO. Exploring the association between cognitive activity and symptom resolution following concussion in adolescents aged 11-17 years. Br J Sports Med 2024; 58:328-333. [PMID: 38346776 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-107601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE As opposed to postconcussion physical activity, the potential influence of cognitive activity on concussion recovery is not well characterised. This study evaluated the intensity and duration of daily cognitive activity reported by adolescents following concussion and examined the associations between these daily cognitive activities and postconcussion symptom duration. METHODS This study prospectively enrolled adolescents aged 11-17 years with a physician-confirmed concussion diagnosis within 72 hours of injury from the emergency department and affiliated concussion clinics. Participants were followed daily until symptom resolution or a maximum of 45 days postinjury to record their daily cognitive activity (intensity and duration) and postconcussion symptom scores. RESULTS Participants (n=83) sustained their concussion mostly during sports (84%), had a mean age of 14.2 years, and were primarily male (65%) and white (72%). Participants reported an average of 191 (SD=148), 166 (SD=151) and 38 (SD=61) minutes of low-intensity, moderate-intensity and high-intensity daily cognitive activity postconcussion while still being symptomatic. Every 10 standardised minutes per hour increase in moderate-intensity or high-intensity cognitive activities postconcussion was associated with a 22% greater rate of symptom resolution (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.22, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.47). Additionally, each extra day's delay in returning to school postconcussion was associated with an 8% lower rate of symptom resolution (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.85 to 0.99). CONCLUSION In adolescents with concussion, more moderate-high intensity cognitive activity is associated with faster symptom resolution, and a delayed return to school is associated with slower symptom resolution. However, these relationships may be bidirectional and do not necessarily imply causality. Randomised controlled trials are needed to determine if exposure to early cognitive activity can promote concussion recovery in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingzhen Yang
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medcine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Enas Alshaikh
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nichole Asa
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Olivia VonDeylen
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Nikhil Desai
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Hudson Gerry Taylor
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medcine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas Pommering
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medcine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - James P MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medcine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Sports Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Daniel M Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medcine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Keith Owen Yeates
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Du W, Fan Z, Li D, Wu M. Internet Use Behavior and Adolescent Mental Health: The Mediating Effects of Self-Education Expectations and Parental Support. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:1163-1176. [PMID: 38505354 PMCID: PMC10949380 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s449353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study focuses on how Internet use behavior affects adolescents' mental health and whether self-education expectations and parental support mediate the relationship between Internet use behavior and adolescents' mental health. Methods The data for this paper came from the results of the student questionnaire of the 2018 Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA 2018), which was a structured questionnaire that asked students about their family situation, school life, studies, internet use, and mental health, among other things. A sample of 336,600 children in grades 7-13 was selected for this study. The data were analyzed using STATA version 16 and the theoretical framework was tested using a mediated effects model. Results The results of the study showed that Internet use behavior made a positive contribution to mental health and the mediating effects of self-education expectations and parental support on the relationship between Internet use behavior and adolescent mental health were all significant. Conclusion It is recommended that appropriate policies should be formulated to help adolescents use the Internet rationally, and the positive effects of parental support and self-education expectations should be utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiquan Du
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaoyuan Fan
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Diankun Li
- School of Economics, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mingshuang Wu
- School of Sociology and Population Studies, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
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Lassi ZS, Rahim KA, Stavropoulos AM, Ryan LM, Tyagi J, Adewale B, Kurji J, Bhaumik S, Meherali S, Ali M. Use of contraceptives, empowerment and agency of adolescent girls and young women: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2024:bmjsrh-2023-202151. [PMID: 38479786 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2023-202151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evidence on adolescent empowerment, which involves access to personal and material resources for reproductive autonomy and economic equity, is limited. This systematic review assesses the use of contraceptives in empowering and strengthening the agency and vice versa among adolescents and young women. METHODS We ran the searches in six electronic databases: Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR) and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), The Campbell Library, MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cumulated Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Web of Science. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using ROBINS-I and ROB-II tools as appropriate. Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4. RESULTS Forty studies that assessed the impact of empowerment on contraceptive use were included. Of these, 14 were non-randomised studies for intervention (NRSIs), and the remaining 26 were randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The results from RCTs show a significant effect of the sexual and reproductive health empowerment in increasing ever use of contraception (RR 1.22; 95% CI 1.02, 1.45; n=9; I²=77%; GRADE: Very Low), and insignificant effect on unprotected sex (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.74, 1.26; n=5; I²=86%; GRADE: Very Low) and adolescent pregnancy (RR 1.07; 95% CI 0.61, 1.87; n=3; I²=36%; GRADE: Very Low). None of the studies assessed impact of contraceptive use on empowerment. CONCLUSIONS Empowerment of adolescents and young women certainly improves contraceptive use in the immediate or short-term period. However, more robust studies with low risk of bias, longer-term outcomes, and impact of contraceptive use on empowerment and agency-strengthening are required. To increase contraceptive use uptake, tailored policies and delivery platforms are necessary for youth in low- and middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohra S Lassi
- School of public health, Faculty of health and medical sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Komal Abdul Rahim
- Dean's Office, Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Center of Excellence in Trauma and Emergencies, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Lareesa Marie Ryan
- Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jyoti Tyagi
- George Institute of Global Health, New Delhi, India
| | - Bisi Adewale
- University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jaameeta Kurji
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soumyadeep Bhaumik
- Meta-Research and Evidence Synthesis Unit, Health Systems Science, George Institute of Global Health, New Delhi, India
- George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales (UNSW Sydney), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Moazzam Ali
- Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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176
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Byrne A, Martin D, Jones C, Galbraith N, Mercer T. Conspiracy theory beliefs in the adolescent population: A systematic review. J Adolesc 2024. [PMID: 38477391 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While the study of conspiracy theory beliefs is a relatively new research area, there has been a rise in academic interest in recent years. The literature provides evidence of relationships between conspiracy theory beliefs and a range of factors, but the vast majority of studies are limited to adult samples, and it is unclear how such beliefs present in adolescence. METHODS The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA-S format. Relevant databases were searched up to February 23, 2023, for quantitative studies related to adolescent conspiracy theory beliefs. RESULTS The six included articles show that conspiracy theory beliefs are present from the start of adolescence, and stable from age 14 upwards, with correlations reported for mistrust and paranoid thinking. Negative relationships were reported for cognitive factors such as ontological confusion, cognitive ability, and actively open-minded thinking. Health-related beliefs correlated with adverse childhood experiences, peer problems, conduct, and sociodemographic factors. Right-wing authoritarianism and anxiety positively correlated with intergroup conspiracy theory beliefs. CONCLUSION While some factors from adult studies are replicated in the review, there are differences between age groups. The age at which conspiracy theory beliefs begin to form indicate developmental aspects of adolescence, and possibly childhood, that require further examination. Cognitive factors show promise for interventions and should be explored further. However, the lack of studies using adolescent populations is an issue that must be resolved for a greater understanding of conspiracy theory beliefs and a move toward effective interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Byrne
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - David Martin
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Claire Jones
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Niall Galbraith
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
| | - Tom Mercer
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Education, Health, and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, UK
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177
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Sisk B, Antes AL, Bereitschaft C, Enloe M, Bourgeois F, DuBois J. Guiding Principles for Adolescent Web-Based Portal Access Policies: Interviews With Informatics Administrators. JMIR Pediatr Parent 2024; 7:e49177. [PMID: 38466976 DOI: 10.2196/49177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Web-based patient portals are tools that could support adolescents in managing their health and developing autonomy. However, informatics administrators must navigate competing interests when developing portal access policies for adolescents and their parents. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the perspectives of informatics administrators on guiding principles for the development of web-based health care portal access policies in adolescent health care. METHODS We interviewed informatics administrators from US hospitals with ≥50 dedicated pediatric beds. We performed a thematic analysis of guiding principles for developing and implementing adolescent portal access policies. RESULTS We interviewed 65 informatics leaders who represented 63 pediatric hospitals, 58 health care systems, 29 states, and 14,379 pediatric hospital beds. Participants described 9 guiding principles related to three overarching themes: (1) balancing confidentiality and other care needs, (2) balancing simplicity and granularity, and (3) collaborating and advocating. Participants described the central importance of prioritizing the health and safety of the adolescent while also complying with state and federal laws. However, there were differing beliefs about how to prioritize health and safety and what role parents should play in supporting the adolescent's health care. Participants also identified areas where clinicians and institutions can advocate for adolescents, especially with electronic health record vendors and legislators. CONCLUSIONS Informatics administrators provided guiding principles for adolescent portal access policies that aimed to balance the competing needs of adolescent confidentiality and the usefulness of the portal. Portal access policies must prioritize the adolescent's health and safety while complying with state and federal laws. However, institutions must determine how to best enact these principles. Institutions and clinicians should strive for consensus on principles to strengthen advocacy efforts with institutional leadership, electronic health record vendors, and lawmakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Sisk
- Bioethics Research Center, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Alison L Antes
- Bioethics Research Center, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Christine Bereitschaft
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Madi Enloe
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States
| | - Fabienne Bourgeois
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James DuBois
- Bioethics Research Center, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States
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Asher EM, Morris NP, McNiel DE, Binder RL. The Forensic Mental Health Implications of Social Media Challenges. J Am Acad Psychiatry Law 2024; 52:80-89. [PMID: 38467439 DOI: 10.29158/jaapl.230114-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Children and adults are increasingly spending time on social networking sites where they may be exposed to social media challenges. These challenges, which are essentially dares or competitions, often involve participants recording themselves performing various activities to create a short video which they then share online. Many social media challenges may be considered relatively benign, but others may involve behaviors or tasks that lead to adverse outcomes, including injury and death. In this article, the authors describe different types of social media challenges, susceptibility to risk-taking among social media users, and the potential criminal and civil legal aspects of these challenges. This article focuses on the forensic mental health implications of social media challenges, including considerations for forensic psychiatrists and other mental health professionals who may become involved in court cases related to these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M Asher
- Dr. Asher is a child, adolescent, adult, and forensic psychiatrist in private practice, Oakland, CA and Assistant Clinical Professor, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Morris is Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Dr. McNiel is Professor Emeritus of Clinical Psychology Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Dr. Binder is Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatry and the Law Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA.
| | - Nathaniel P Morris
- Dr. Asher is a child, adolescent, adult, and forensic psychiatrist in private practice, Oakland, CA and Assistant Clinical Professor, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Morris is Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Dr. McNiel is Professor Emeritus of Clinical Psychology Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Dr. Binder is Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatry and the Law Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Dale E McNiel
- Dr. Asher is a child, adolescent, adult, and forensic psychiatrist in private practice, Oakland, CA and Assistant Clinical Professor, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Morris is Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Dr. McNiel is Professor Emeritus of Clinical Psychology Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Dr. Binder is Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatry and the Law Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Renée L Binder
- Dr. Asher is a child, adolescent, adult, and forensic psychiatrist in private practice, Oakland, CA and Assistant Clinical Professor, University of California, San Francisco, CA. Dr. Morris is Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, Dr. McNiel is Professor Emeritus of Clinical Psychology Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Dr. Binder is Professor of Psychiatry and Director of the Psychiatry and the Law Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA
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Gomes D, Eagle S, Mehmel B, Albrecht T, Versace A, Lima Santos JP, Trbovich A, Stiffler R, Martinez L, Holland CL, Zynda AJ, Collins MW, Kontos AP. Impact of Sex and Pubertal Development on Anxiety in Adolescents After Concussion. J Neurotrauma 2024. [PMID: 38407975 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2023.0132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Concussion often results in psychological symptoms, including anxiety. Post-concussion anxiety has been well documented, although much of this research has focused on collegiate athletes. The purpose of this study was to compare (1) anxiety symptoms in concussed and healthy controls over time and (2) to explore sex differences in post-concussion anxiety within the context of pubertal development. Participants (N = 126, mean age = 15.1 years old), including concussed (n = 86) and healthy adolescents (n = 40), completed the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS) and the Screen for Child Anxiety and Related Disorders (SCARED-C). The concussed groups completed SCARED-C at three visits (<10 days, 4 weeks, 3 months). Results of an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) and multi-variate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) found concussed adolescents reported higher SCARED-C total, generalized, and panic anxiety scores than healthy controls, after controlling for sex, age, and PDS score (PDSS). A three-way mixed ANCOVA examined the effects of sex, PDSS, time, and their interaction on SCARED-C total score in concussed adolescents while controlling for age. There was a significant three-way interaction between sex, age, and PDSS on SCARED-C total score while controlling for age. Overall, we observed increased anxiety in concussed adolescents, compared with controls, as well as greater post-concussion anxiety reported by females compared with males, including within PDSS groups. Concussion providers should be prepared to receive training to administer well-validated measures of psychopathology and should consider that female adolescents, compared with males, regardless of pubertal development, may be at greater risk for post-concussion anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Gomes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shawn Eagle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bindal Mehmel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ted Albrecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amelia Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Alicia Trbovich
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Richelle Stiffler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Laramie Martinez
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Cyndi L Holland
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Aaron J Zynda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael W Collins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony P Kontos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery/UPMC Sports Medicine Concussion Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Chen H, Zhou M, Han L, Manoharasetty A, Yu Z, Luo H. Efficacy and executive function of solution-focused brief therapy on adolescent depression. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1246986. [PMID: 38525259 PMCID: PMC10957764 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1246986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the efficacy and impact on executive function of Solution-Focused Brief Therapy (SFBT) in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) in adolescents. Methods A total of 129 adolescents diagnosed with MDD were enrolled in the study. Out of these, 28 adolescents were assigned to the SFBT group, while 25 were part of the Active Control group (AC group), receiving psychodynamic psychotherapy. Executive function, depressive and anxiety symptoms were assessed at baseline, at the time of the third intervention, the sixth intervention, and the 10th intervention. Results After the third intervention, the scores of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) of the participants in the SFBT group decreased significantly, which had the cumulative effect at the 6th and 10th interventions. The verbal fluency task (VFT) performances of the SFBT group participants yielded significantly higher scores after the third intervention and remained increasing at the 6th and 10th interventions. The AC group steadily decreased after the intervention. Analysis of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) data revealed a progressive and significant increase in the average oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in the SFBT group compared to the AC group after the 10th intervention. Conclusions SFBT might improve depressive and anxiety symptoms as well as executive function of adolescent depression. Clinical trial registration https://www.chictr.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2300067909.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haisi Chen
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhou
- Internal Medicine Department, Hangzhou Linping District Maternal and Child Care Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Han
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Advaith Manoharasetty
- Institute for International Education, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenghe Yu
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hong Luo
- Affiliated Mental Health Center & Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhang D, Yang Y, Xu L, Zou H, Wu X, Yang L, Zhou B, Xu Q. Association between tri-ponderal mass index and glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China: A case-control study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37364. [PMID: 38457571 PMCID: PMC10919466 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for glucose metabolism disorder. This study explored the association between the tri-ponderal mass index (TMI) and indicators of glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China. This retrospective case-control study included children aged 3 to 18 years old diagnosed with obesity at Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital (China) between January 2020 and April 2022. Demographic and clinical characteristics were obtained from the medical records. Factors associated with glucose metabolism disorder were explored by logistic regression analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to evaluate the relationships between TMI and indicators of glucose metabolism disorder. The analysis included 781 children. The prevalence of glucose metabolism disorder was 22.0% (172/781). The glucose metabolism disorder group had an older age (11.13 ± 2.19 vs 10.45 ± 2.33 years old, P = .001), comprised more females (76.8% vs 66.9%, P = .008), had a higher Tanner index (P = .001), and had a larger waist circumference (89.00 [82.00-95.00] vs 86.00 [79.00-93.75] cm, P = .025) than the non-glucose metabolism disorder group. There were no significant differences between the glucose metabolism disorder and non-glucose metabolism disorder groups in other clinical parameters, including body mass index (26.99 [24.71-30.58] vs 26.57 [24.55-29.41] kg/m2) and TMI (18.38 [17.11-19.88] vs 18.37 [17.11-19.88] kg/m3). Multivariable logistic regression did not identify any factors associated with glucose metabolism disorder. Furthermore, TMI was only very weakly or negligibly correlated with indicators related to glucose metabolism disorder. TMI may not be a useful indicator to screen for glucose metabolism disorder in children with obesity in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongguang Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Genetic and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Genetic and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Genetic and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Haiying Zou
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Genetic and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Xian Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Genetic and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Genetic and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Genetic and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingbo Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Genetics, Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Hospital (The Affiliated Children’s Hospital of Nanchang Medical College), Jiangxi Provincial Children’s Genetic and Metabolic Disease Clinical Medicine Research Center, Nanchang, China
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Slater J, Katz A, Pilli B, Hinds A, Urquia ML, Sanguins J, Green C, Cidro J, Chateau D, Nickel N. Geographic Comparison of Dietary Intake and Quality in Manitoba Adolescents. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38456655 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2024-004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Purpose: The Food and Nutrition for Manitoba Youth (FANS) study examined dietary intakes, food behaviours, food security status, health indicators, and body mass index of a cohort of grade 9 students. This paper describes regional differences and similarities in dietary intake (food and nutrients) and quality of youth participants in the FANS study.Methods: Grade 9 students completed a web-based survey on dietary intakes (24-hour recall), food behaviours, self-reported health indicators, and sociodemographic variables. Nutrient intakes were compared with national guidelines and diet quality was assessed using a modified Healthy Eating Index.Results: A total of 1587 students participated from northern, rural, and urban regions in Manitoba. Northern and rural students had higher intakes of sugar, sodium, and saturated fat compared with urban. Northern students consumed fewer grain products compared to urban, and more servings of "other" foods compared with rural and urban. While most participants were classified into the "needs improvement" or "poor" Healthy Eating Index categories, significantly more northern participants were in the "poor" category.Conclusions: Most adolescents in the study are at nutritional risk; however, there are additional vulnerabilities for those in rural and northern communities. Dietitians can use results to advocate for and plan interventions to improve adolescent nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Slater
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Alan Katz
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
- Department of Family Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Bhanu Pilli
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Aynslie Hinds
- Department of Psychology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Marcelo L Urquia
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
| | | | - Chris Green
- Winnipeg Regional Health Authority, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Jaime Cidro
- Department of Anthropology, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, MB
| | - Dan Chateau
- Research School of Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra ACT
| | - Nathan Nickel
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB
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Beck RH, Afrooz I, Suhail Masalawala M, Watad R, Al Shaban T, Deeb A. Characteristics of adolescents referred for bariatric surgery in Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1297251. [PMID: 38523841 PMCID: PMC10957758 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1297251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
About a third of children and adolescents are overweight or obese in the United Arab Emirates, and referrals for metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) are now common. Despite excellent evidence that MBS should be considered in adolescents with severe obesity, it remains a management approach of last resort in many cases. Baseline, real-world data on adolescent patients living with obesity referred for surgery, their characteristics, and how these relate to current and future referral policy are important to ensure best practice. Here we examined the demographic, anthropometric, and clinical characteristics of adolescents referred for MBS over a three-year period to Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City (SSMC), Abu Dhabi, UAE. Ninety-two adolescents living with obesity were recruited: 54.3% were female, the average age was 16.3 ± 2.4 years, and 88.0% of patients had a first-degree relative with a history of obesity and 62% a family history of bariatric surgery. The average BMI was 47.7 ± 10.5, and the average percentage of the 95th percentile BMI was 169.5 ± 38.8%. Complications of obesity (hypertension, type 2 diabetes and prediabetes, dyslipidemia, and liver function abnormalities) were common. Our analysis highlights that there exists a mismatch between the profiles of patients referred for MBS, local guidelines, and international best practice in decision-making for referral to MBS services. While many adolescents in the UAE seem to enjoy family support and experience in the surgical management of obesity, local guidelines need updating to reflect changes in the definitions of obesity, thresholds for referral, and to remove unnecessary developmental stage barriers to increase the window for personalized surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hassan Beck
- Clinical Trial Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Imrana Afrooz
- Clinical Trial Unit, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Rama Watad
- Paediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Talat Al Shaban
- Department of Surgery, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Asma Deeb
- Paediatric Endocrine Division, Sheikh Shakhbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Wang F, Ma X, Zhao L, Li T, Fu Y, Zhu W. The Influence of Genetic and Environmental Factors on Anxiety among Chinese Adolescents: A Twin Study. J Genet Psychol 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38456243 DOI: 10.1080/00221325.2024.2319235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the influence of genetic and environmental factors on adolescent anxiety. Ninety-eight monozygotic and dizygotic twins from Chongqing, China (aged 15-18 years) were assessed for anxiety with the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS). The Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ) and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) were applied to assess environmental factors. Venous blood was drawn from the twins for zygosity determination. Structural equation modeling was performed to evaluate the effects of additive genetic factors (A), common environmental factors (C), and individual-specific environmental factors (E) on adolescent anxiety. The estimates of A and E on adolescent anxiety were 0.34 (95% CI = 0.12-0.53) and 0.66 (95% CI:0.47-0.89), respectively. The environment played an important role in adolescent anxiety. Adolescent anxiety was significantly positively correlated with peer relations (r = 0.606, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with prosocial behavior (r = 0.207, p < 0. 05). No sex differences were observed. Adolescent anxiety was influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The individual-specific environmental factors played an important role. Consideration of these variables will facilitate the targeted and individualized implementation of specific interventions for adolescent anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyi Wang
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingshun Ma
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Yulin, Yulin, China
| | - Liansheng Zhao
- Mental Health Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Hangzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Affiliated Mental Health Center, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hang Zhou, China
| | - Yixiao Fu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenfen Zhu
- School of Nursing, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Medical Data Research, Institute of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Petagna CN, Perez S, Hsu E, Greene BM, Banner I, Bednarczyk RA, Escoffery C. Facilitators and barriers of HPV vaccination: a qualitative study in rural Georgia. Res Sq 2024:rs.3.rs-3979079. [PMID: 38496559 PMCID: PMC10942563 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3979079/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination protects against HPV-associated cancers and genital warts. Healthy People 2030 goal for HPV vaccine uptake is 80%, but as of 2021, only 58.5% of adolescents are up to date in Georgia. The purpose of the study is to assess the attitudes, vaccine practices, facilitators, and barriers to receiving the HPV vaccine in southwest Georgia. Methods We conducted 40 semi-structured interviews with three different audiences (young adults, parents, and providers and public health professionals) guided by the P3 (patient-, provider-, practice-levels) model and used deductive coding approach. Young adults and parents were interviewed to assess their perceived benefits, barriers, and susceptibility of the HPV vaccine. Providers and public health professionals were interviewed about facilitators and barriers of patients receiving the HPV vaccine in their communities. Results Out of the 40 interviews: 10 young adults, 20 parents, and 10 providers and public health professionals were interviewed. Emerging facilitator themes to increase the uptake of the HPV vaccine included existing knowledge (patient level), providers' approach to the HPV vaccine recommendations (provider level) and immunization reminders (practice level). Barrier themes were lack of knowledge around HPV and the HPV vaccine (patient level), need for strong provider recommendation and discussing the vaccine with patients (provider level), and limited patient reminders and information (practice level). Conclusions These interviews revealed key themes around education, knowledge, importance of immunization reminders, and approaches to increasing the HPV vaccination in rural Georgia. This data can inform future interventions across all levels (patient, provider, practice, policy, etc.) to increase HPV vaccination rates in rural communities.
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Abraham O, Agoke A, Sanuth K, Fapohunda A, Ogunsanya M, Piper M, Trentham-Dietz A. Need for Culturally Competent and Responsive Cancer Education for African Immigrant Families and Youth Living in the United States. JMIR Cancer 2024; 10:e53956. [PMID: 38447129 PMCID: PMC10955401 DOI: 10.2196/53956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer prevalence data for Black Americans is monolithic and fails to consider the diverse cultures and backgrounds within that community. For instance, African immigrants constitute a meaningful proportion of the foreign-born Black immigrants in the United States (42%), but the prevalence of cancer in the African immigrant community itself is unknown. Therefore, without accurate cancer prevalence data, it is impossible to identify trends and other key factors that are needed to support the health of African immigrants and their children. Moreover, it is impossible to understand how the culture and language of subgroups influence their cancer-related health behavior. While research in this area is limited, the existing literature articulates the need for culturally responsive and culturally tailored cancer education for African immigrants and their adolescent children, which is what we advocate for in this viewpoint paper. Existing projects demonstrate the feasibility of culturally responsive programming for adults; however, few projects include or focus on adolescents or children born to African immigrants. To best meet the needs of this understudied community, researchers must use culturally competent interventions alongside familiar, usable media. For adolescents, technology is ubiquitous thus, the creation of a culturally tailored digital intervention has immense potential to improve cancer awareness and prevention for youth and their community. More research is needed to address many of the existing research gaps and develop a rich understanding of the unique experience of cancer among African immigrant families that can be used to inform intervention development. Through this viewpoint, we review the current state of cancer-related research among African immigrant families in the United States. In this paper, we acknowledge the current knowledge gaps and issues surrounding measurement and then discuss the factors relevant to designing an educational intervention targeted at African immigrants and the role of African immigrant youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olufunmilola Abraham
- Social and Administrative Sciences Division, School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Adeola Agoke
- African Cultural Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Kazeem Sanuth
- National African Language Resource Center, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Abimbola Fapohunda
- Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Motolani Ogunsanya
- College of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Center, University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Megan Piper
- Department of Medicine and Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Amy Trentham-Dietz
- Population Health Sciences and Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Wang Q, Wen M, Fan S, Liu J, Wang X, Guo W, Hu J, Zhang J, Li B, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Li K. Attention-Dominated Cognitive Dysfunction May Be a Biological Marker for Distinguishing SA from SI in Adolescents: A Network Analysis Study Based on Adolescent Depression. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:945-956. [PMID: 38464812 PMCID: PMC10924855 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s448904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Suicidal behavior is strongly correlated with depressive symptoms and the degree of suicidal ideation. Cognitive impairment may have varying degrees of influence on suicidal ideation (SI) and suicidal attempts (SA). The aim of this study was to identify the cognitive biomarkers that distinguish suicidal ideation from suicidal attempts in adolescents. Methods The cross-sectional sample comprised 54 adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) and 32 healthy controls (HC). The THINC-it was utilized to assess cognitive function of all the samples. Suicidal ideation was examined by the Positive and Negative Suicide Ideation Scale (PANSI). Based on the type of data, one-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis was performed to investigate group differences. Bonferroni post-hoc analysis was employed for regulating type I error for pairwise comparisons. Network analysis was used to compare the networks associated with suicidal ideation, depression symptoms, and cognitive function between SA and SI. Results The depression symptoms (HAMD-17) (F=72.515, P<0.001) and suicidal ideation (PANSI) (F=267.952, P<0.001) in the SA were higher than those in the SI. Analysis of between-group differences showed SA performed worse in THINC-it, especially in "Spotter (SP)" (P=0.033), "Objective cognition score (OS)" (P=0.027) and "Composite score (CS)" (P=0.017). Compared with SI, network analysis revealed that SA had a unique network of cognitive function, depressive symptoms, and suicidal ideation. Nevertheless, both networks exhibit comparable performance concerning the node strength of cognitive function. Within their separate networks, the aspects of CS, OS, and SP have emerged as the three most crucial elements. Conclusion Adolescents with SI or SA exhibit a broad spectrum of cognitive impairments. Attention impairment can be beneficial in discerning between SI and SA. Future interventions for adolescent suicide can center on attention and the comprehensive cognitive ability that it represents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Clinical Medicine College, Hebei University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Wen
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Department of Psychiatry, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohang Fan
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- School of Psychology and Mental Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinning Liu
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Psychosomatic Medicine Department, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, Nanchang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wentao Guo
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyun Hu
- Psychiatric Department, The Second People's Hospital of Yuxi, Yunnan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jialan Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Zhang
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshu Zhang
- Clinical Medicine College, Hebei University, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Hebei, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqing Li
- Hebei Provincial Mental Health Center, Hebei, People's Republic of China
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Major Mental and Behavioral Disorders, Hebei, People's Republic of China
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Lim M, Bohorquez NG, Mitchell R, Cramb S, Bradford N, Naicker S, Kularatna S, Senanayake S. Financial Aid in Children, Adolescents and Young Adult's Cancer Care: A Scoping Review. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024. [PMID: 38451723 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The financial burden resulting from cancers on families is higher when it arises in young people compared with older adults. Previous research has provided insight into the financial toxicities associated with childhood cancer, but less is known about the efficacy of financial aid systems in reducing the financial burden on families. We conducted a scoping review to identify the determinants of success and failure of financial aid. Methods: Five databases were searched for articles published between January 1, 2000 and December 1, 2022. Dual processes were used to screen and select studies. Through thematic content analysis, we identified barriers and enablers of financial aid, categorised by country income level. Results: From 17 articles, which were evenly split between high-income countries and upper middle- to low-income countries, four major themes emerged: (1) accessibility of support, (2) delivery of support, (3) administration, and (4) psychosocial factors. Within these themes, the enablers identified were (1) support navigators, (2) establishing a direct contact between donors and beneficiaries, (3) implementation of digital solutions to improve outreach, and (4) using cultural and community values to encourage donor engagement. Conclusions: This scoping review identified the determinants of success and failure of financial aid in supporting families in the context of childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancers. By understanding the barriers and enablers identified in this review, organizations could develop pragmatic evidence-based care models and policies to ensure access to assistance is equitable and appropriate for families experiencing CAYA cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Lim
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalia Gonzalez Bohorquez
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Remai Mitchell
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Susanna Cramb
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Natalie Bradford
- Cancer and Palliative Care Outcomes Centre at the Centre for Children's Health Research, School of Nursing, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sundresan Naicker
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sanjeewa Kularatna
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sameera Senanayake
- Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation and Centre for Healthcare Transformation, School of Public Health and Social Work, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
- Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Lee C, Schwimmer JB, Gunderson EP, Goyal NP, Darbinian JA, Greenspan LC, Lo JC. Alanine aminotransferase elevation varies by ethnicity among Asian and Pacific Islander children with overweight or obesity. Pediatr Obes 2024:e13110. [PMID: 38444225 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited research on alanine aminotransferase (ALT) screening for metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) among US Asian/Pacific Islander (PI) children necessitates investigation in this heterogeneous population. OBJECTIVE Examine ALT elevation among Asian/PI children with overweight or obesity. METHODS Elevated ALT prevalence (clinical threshold) and association with body mass index ≥85th percentile were compared among 18 402 Asian/PI and 25 376 non-Hispanic White (NHW) children aged 9-17 years using logistic regression. RESULTS ALT elevation was more prevalent among Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males with overweight (4.0% vs. 2.7%), moderate (7.8% vs. 5.3%) and severe obesity (16.6% vs. 11.5%), and females with moderate (5.1% vs. 3.0%) and severe obesity (10.2% vs. 5.2%). Adjusted odds of elevated ALT were 1.6-fold and ~2-fold higher for Asian/PI (vs. NHW) males and females (with obesity), respectively. Filipino, Chinese and Southeast Asian males had 1.7-2.1-fold higher odds, but Native Hawaiian/PI (NHPI) and South Asian males did not significantly differ (vs. NHW). Filipina and Chinese females with obesity had >2-fold higher odds, Southeast and South Asian females did not differ and NHPI findings were mixed (vs. NHW). CONCLUSION High elevated ALT prevalence among Asian/PI children with overweight and obesity emphasizes the need for MASLD risk assessment and examination of ethnic subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Lee
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Schwimmer
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Erica P Gunderson
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Nidhi P Goyal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jeanne A Darbinian
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Louise C Greenspan
- The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Kaiser Permanente San Francisco Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joan C Lo
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
- Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California, USA
- The Permanente Medical Group, Oakland, California, USA
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190
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Ansari MR, Kodriati N, Pertiwi AAP, Dewi FST. The Effectiveness of a Telenutrition Intervention to Improve Dietary Behavior and Physical Activity Among Adolescents With Obesity: Protocol for a Systematic Review. JMIR Res Protoc 2024; 13:e53282. [PMID: 38441950 PMCID: PMC10951823 DOI: 10.2196/53282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The global obesity pandemic among adolescents is becoming a public health issue throughout the world. Telehealth use has significantly increased during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, including its application in adolescent obesity prevention and treatment. OBJECTIVE This review aims to synthesize the evidence on the effectiveness of telenutrition in improving dietary behavior and physical activity in adolescents with obesity. METHODS The PRISMA-P (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis Protocols) guideline will be used to structure this protocol. The focus of the systematic review is guided by the population, intervention, comparator, and outcome (PICO) framework. A systematic search of Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, JMIR, ProQuest, and Google scholar databases will be conducted. Two authors will screen the titles and abstracts of identified studies independently and select studies according to the eligibility criteria. The full-text reading will be done independently by 2 reviewers to assess final eligibility. Any discrepancies will then be discussed and resolved. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias tool was used to assess the risk of bias; a descriptive analysis will summarize the effectiveness of the telenutrition or any type of telehealth intervention used. RESULTS The systematic review is expected to be completed by the end of March 2024. The ongoing screening and review of the articles are currently being conducted. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review aims to summarize the effectiveness, features, design process, usability, and coherence of a telenutrition intervention using behavior change theory to improve dietary patterns and physical activity among adolescents with obesity. It will identify areas for improvement and best practices, informing the development of more useful and engaging telenutrition interventions for adolescents. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42023458336; http://tinyurl.com/cp46fjj9. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/53282.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ridwan Ansari
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Kodriati
- Departement of Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ariani Arista Putri Pertiwi
- Department of Basic Nursing and Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fatwa Sari Tetra Dewi
- Department of Health Behavior, Environment and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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191
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Faux-Nightingale A, Saunders B, Burton C, Chew-Graham CA, Somayajula G, Twohig H, Welsh V. Experiences and care needs of children with long COVID: a qualitative study. BJGP Open 2024:BJGPO.2023.0143. [PMID: 37914226 DOI: 10.3399/bjgpo.2023.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long COVID, the patient-preferred term, describes symptoms persisting after an acute episode of COVID-19 infection. Symptoms in children and young people (CYP) can affect daily routine, with broader impacts on education, health-related quality of life, and social activities, which may have long-term effects on health and wellbeing. AIM To explore the lived experiences and care needs of CYP with long COVID from the perspectives of CYP with long COVID, their parents, and professionals associated with the care of children and families living with the condition. DESIGN & SETTING CYP and their parent or carer were invited for interview following participation in a cohort study, which recruited the sample from a primary care setting. METHOD Interviews were carried out with four CYP with long COVID (all female, aged 10-17 years); three interviews included a parent. Two focus groups were conducted, which included seven professionals involved with care of CYP or long COVID, from a range of disciplines. Interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim, and data analysed thematically using constant comparison techniques. RESULTS The three main themes presented are as follows: living with long COVID; uncertainty surrounding long COVID; and seeking help for symptoms. CONCLUSION Long COVID can severely impact the lives of CYP and their families. CYP and their families need to be listened to by professionals and have any uncertainties acknowledged. It is imperative that agencies working with them understand the condition and its impact, and are able to offer support where needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Claire Burton
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
| | | | | | - Helen Twohig
- School of Medicine, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK
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192
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Wiguna T, Khosravi M. Editorial: Psychometrics in psychiatry 2022: adolescent and young adult psychiatry. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1381171. [PMID: 38501086 PMCID: PMC10944923 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1381171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tjhin Wiguna
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohsen Khosravi
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Burchett HED, French RS, Griffin S, de Melo M, Joaquim Picardo J, Kneale D. Developing a theory of change - the importance of rich process data and authors' insights into context, implementation and mechanisms. Glob Health Promot 2024:17579759241232387. [PMID: 38439155 DOI: 10.1177/17579759241232387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories of change explaining how interventions work are increasingly important, yet the methods/data to develop these are less advanced than for evaluating effects. METHODS We conducted a systematic evidence synthesis to develop a theory of change for structural adolescent contraception interventions. We reflect on the utility of the information provided in evaluation reports. FINDINGS/DISCUSSION Few of the included evaluations presented their theory of change, or included rich, qualitative process data. Authors' descriptions of context and implementation, typically in introduction and discussion sections, were very useful. These helped to understand the intervention's context, how it was experienced and why or how it had the effect that it did. We recommend incorporating rich process evaluations into studies, and reporting contextual insights into the intervention's development, implementation and experience. We also recommend including these data and insights within syntheses that aim to develop theories of change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Elizabeth Denise Burchett
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rebecca S French
- Department of Public Health, Environments & Society, Faculty of Public Health & Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sally Griffin
- International Centre for Reproductive Health: Mozambique, Mozambique
| | - Málica de Melo
- International Centre for Reproductive Health: Mozambique, Mozambique
| | | | - Dylan Kneale
- EPPI-Centre, UCL Social Research Institute, University College London, London, UK
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194
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Merianos AL, Stone TM, Mahabee-Gittens EM, Jandarov RA, Choi K. Tobacco Smoke Exposure and Sleep Duration among U.S. Adolescents. Behav Sleep Med 2024; 22:234-246. [PMID: 37417788 PMCID: PMC10772738 DOI: 10.1080/15402002.2023.2232498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) and poor sleep are public health problems with their own set of consequences. This study assessed whether TSE was associated with sleep duration among U.S. adolescents. METHOD We conducted a secondary analysis of 2013-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data including 914 nontobacco-using adolescents ages 16-19 years. TSE measures included cotinine and self-reported home TSE groups including no home TSE, thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure, and secondhand smoke (SHS)+THS exposure. Sleep duration was assessed in hours and categorically as insufficient sleep (recommended hours). Weighted multiple linear regression and multinomial regression models were conducted. RESULTS Adolescents with higher log-cotinine levels had higher number of sleep hours (β = 0.31, 95%CI = 0.02,0.60) and were at increased odds of reporting excess sleep (AOR = 1.41, 95%CI = 1.40,1.42), but were at reduced odds of reporting insufficient sleep (AOR = 0.88, 95%CI = 0.87,0.89). Compared to adolescents with no home TSE, adolescents with home THS exposure and home SHS+THS exposure were at increased odds of reporting insufficient sleep (AOR = 2.27, 95%CI = 2.26,2.29; AOR = 2.75, 95%CI = 2.72,2.77, respectively) and excess sleep (AOR = 1.89, 95%CI = 1.87,1.90; AOR = 5.29, 95%CI = 5.23,5.34, respectively). CONCLUSIONS TSE may affect insufficient and excess sleep duration among adolescents. Eliminating TSE may promote adolescent respiratory and sleep health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timothy M. Stone
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of
Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of
Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - E. Melinda Mahabee-Gittens
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Cincinnati
Children’s Hospital Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of
Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 2008, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Roman A. Jandarov
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of
Environmental and Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of
Cincinnati, 160 Panzeca Way, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Kelvin Choi
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on
Minority Health and Health Disparities, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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195
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Mena MP, Lazarus RA, Otero KA, Santisteban DA. Evaluation of Culturally Informed and Flexible Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents (CIFFTA) implemented in community-based settings. J Community Psychol 2024; 52:363-381. [PMID: 38093644 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.23099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Effective family-based interventions are needed for youth who are experiencing emotional and behavioral difficulties and who are impacted by powerful environmental stressors. Culturally Informed and Flexible Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents (CIFFTA) is a manualized and evidence-based, multicomponent family-based treatment that has been shown to be efficacious in research settings. The purpose of this paper is to report on the effectiveness of implementing CIFFTA for the treatment of Latino and Black youth and families in community settings. Utilization of services offered and changes in youth presenting problems and family functioning were used to evaluate the program. Two hundred thirty-two youth (11-18 years of age) and their caregivers were recruited over 2 years and CIFFTA was delivered by experienced masters-level family therapists over a 12-16-week period. Seventy-six percent met the 8-session criteria for retention in treatment and 71% completed treatment. Results showed significant improvements in youth behavioral and emotional presenting problems, reduction in family conflict and improvement in family cohesion and communication. Caregiver well-being such as reductions in parental stress, relational frustration, and improvement in parental confidence also showed significant improvement. Analyses of reliable change indices showed a substantial improvement in youth who entered the program in the clinical range of presenting problems. The findings point to CIFFTA's ability to retain youth and families who tend to underutilize needed services, to significant reductions in presenting problems, and to improvements in family functioning when implemented in a community setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite P Mena
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Rebecca A Lazarus
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Kristal A Otero
- School of Education and Human Development, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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196
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Deveci AC, Gurnani M, Wolfe-Wylie MC, Regina A, Cordeiro K, Dave MG, Mahmud FH, Hamilton J. Looking at Diabetes Through Different Lenses: Focus Groups Conducted With Somali Canadian Families and Their Health-care Providers. Can J Diabetes 2024; 48:112-119.e3. [PMID: 38056690 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In Toronto, many families with Somali backgrounds have children living with type 1 diabetes (T1D). At our clinic, children with African and Caribbean backgrounds have higher glycated hemoglobin than children from European backgrounds. In this study, we explored the experiences and perspectives of Somali Canadian families with children living with T1D, as well as health-care professionals (HCPs) who care for them, to better understand how T1D impacts these families. METHODS We conducted 3 separate focus groups with Somali Canadian parents of children with T1D (n=11), Somali Canadian adolescents with T1D (n=5), and HCPs who treat patients with diabetes (n=9), respectively. A grounded theory approach to data analysis was applied to identify themes. RESULTS Four key themes emerged: 1) the general impact of living with diabetes, 2) the challenges of self-management, 3) uncertainty on whose job it is to manage the diabetes, and 4) how cultural differences between Canada and Somalia impact diabetes management. There was discordance in the perspectives of families and HCPs for all themes, but especially themes 1 and 3. Parents focussed on the social impact of diabetes and behavioural indicators of management success, whereas HCPs emphasized clinical measures. Families believed children should take charge of their diabetes self-management early on, whereas HCPs believed the children were not developmentally ready for this responsibility. CONCLUSIONS Differing perspectives of patients, families, and HCPs may lead to diverging expectations for treatment and management. Families and practitioners must work together to identify barriers to care and build strategies to promote competency and resilience in the self-management of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arin C Deveci
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muskaan Gurnani
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Margaret C Wolfe-Wylie
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Neonatal & Paediatric Medicine, Orillia Soldiers' Memorial Hospital, Orillia, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea Regina
- University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristina Cordeiro
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malini G Dave
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Black Creek Community Health Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Farid H Mahmud
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill Hamilton
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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197
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Ha GU, Kim JH, Jang YH. Improvement of severe alopecia areata in an adolescent patient on upadacitinib. Pediatr Dermatol 2024; 41:356-358. [PMID: 38151479 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
Recently, alopecia areata (AA) treatment via the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway has been reported. However, as baricitinib, a JAK1/2 inhibitor is only approved for adult patients, children, and adolescent patients still lack treatment options. We present a case that showed improvement of severe AA in an adolescent patient on upadacitinib, which has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in patients with rheumatoid disease or atopic dermatitis (AD) in children aged 12 years or older and weighing 40 kg or more. Herein, we suggest that upadacitinib can be a good alternative for adolescent patients with AA, particularly those who may also have AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi Ung Ha
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Kim
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Yong Hyun Jang
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, South Korea
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Keating G, Hawk C, Amorin-Woods L, Amorin-Woods D, Vallone S, Farabaugh R, Todd A, Ferrance R, Young J, O'Neill Bhogal S, Sexton H, Alevaki H, Miller J, Parkin-Smith G, Schielke A, Robinson A, Thompson R. Clinical Practice Guideline for Best Practice Management of Pediatric Patients by Chiropractors: Results of a Delphi Consensus Process. J Integr Complement Med 2024; 30:216-232. [PMID: 37902954 PMCID: PMC10954607 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2023.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To build upon existing recommendations on best practices for chiropractic management of children by conducting a formal consensus process and best evidence synthesis. Design: Best practice guide based on recommendations from current best available evidence and formal consensus of a panel of experienced practitioners, consumers, and experts for chiropractic management of pediatric patients. Methods: Synthesis of results of a literature search to inform the development of recommendations from a multidisciplinary steering committee, including experts in pediatrics, followed by a formal Delphi panel consensus process. Results: The consensus process was conducted June to August 2022. All 60 panelists completed the process and reached at least 80% consensus on all recommendations after three Delphi rounds. Recommendations for best practices for chiropractic care for children addressed these aspects of the clinical encounter: patient communication, including informed consent; appropriate clinical history, including health habits; appropriate physical examination procedures; red flags/contraindications to chiropractic care and/or spinal manipulation; aspects of chiropractic management of pediatric patients, including infants; modifications of spinal manipulation and other manual procedures for pediatric patients; appropriate referral and comanagement; and appropriate health promotion and disease prevention practices. Conclusion: This set of recommendations represents a general framework for an evidence-informed and reasonable approach to the management of pediatric patients by chiropractors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Keating
- Fielding Graduate University, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
- Private Practice, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cheryl Hawk
- US-Clinical Compass, Lexington SC, USA
- Texas Chiropractic College, TX, USA
| | - Lyndon Amorin-Woods
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Private Practice, Perth, Australia
| | - Deisy Amorin-Woods
- Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia
- Private Practice, Insight Counselling, Perth, Australia
| | | | - Ronald Farabaugh
- Advanced Medicine Integration Group, Columbus, OH, USA
- Clinical Compass, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Angela Todd
- Private Practice, Sale, Australia
- Aus-ACA, Sale, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Joyce Miller
- Anglo European College of Chiropractic, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Gregory Parkin-Smith
- Private Practice, Perth, Australia
- School of Allied Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
| | | | | | - Robyn Thompson
- Private Practice, The Thompson Method Breastfeeding, Melbourne, Australia
- Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
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199
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Toivonen E, Lee E, Leppänen MH, Laitinen T, Kähönen M, Lakka TA, Haapala EA. The associations of depressive symptoms and perceived stress with arterial health in adolescents. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e15986. [PMID: 38519264 PMCID: PMC10959692 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular and mental diseases are among the most important global health problems, but little is known on the associations between mental and arterial health in adolescents. Therefore, we investigated the associations of arterial health with depressive symptoms and perceived stress in adolescents. A total of 277 adolescents, 151 boys, 126 girls, aged 15-17 years participated in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory and perceived stress by the Cohen Perceived Stress Scale. Arterial health was assessed by measures from carotid ultrasonography (carotid intima-media thickness, Young's Elastic Modulus, carotid artery distensibility, stiffness index), impedance cardiography (pulse wave velocity, cardio-ankle vascular index), and pulse contour analysis (reflection index, stiffness index). The data were analyzed using linear regression models adjusted for age and sex. Depressive symptoms or perceived stress were not associated with indices of arterial health in the whole study group (β = -0.08 to 0.09, p > 0.05), in boys (β = -0.13 to 0.10, p > 0.05) or in girls (standardized regression coefficient β = -0.16 to 0.08, p > 0.05). We found no associations of depressive symptoms and perceived stress with arterial health in adolescents. These observations suggest that the association between mental and arterial health problems develop in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmi Toivonen
- Faculty of Sports and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Earric Lee
- Faculty of Sports and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Institut de Cardiologie de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
- École de kinésiologie et des sciences de l’activité physiqueUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Marja H. Leppänen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio CampusKuopioFinland
| | - Tomi Laitinen
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health TechnologyTampere UniversityTampereFinland
| | - Timo A. Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio CampusKuopioFinland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear ImagingUniversity of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University HospitalKuopioFinland
- Foundation for Research in Health Exercise and NutritionKuopio Research Institute of Exercise MedicineKuopioFinland
| | - Eero A. Haapala
- Faculty of Sports and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern FinlandKuopio CampusKuopioFinland
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Guilamo-Ramos V, Thimm-Kaiser M, Benzekri A, Balaguera A, Deulofeutt SR, Matos L. Paternal Perspectives on Latino and Black Sons' Readiness for Sex and Condom Guidance: A Mixed Methods Study. Ann Fam Med 2024; 22:121-129. [PMID: 38527821 DOI: 10.1370/afm.3077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although a large proportion of males in the United States become sexually active during high school, condom use is decreasing and contributing to negative sexual health outcomes. Fathers are influential in promoting adolescent male sexual health; however, factors that shape fathers' decisions about when to discuss condom use with their sons remain understudied. We examined paternal perceptions of adolescent males' readiness for sex relative to fathers providing guidance for condom use in Latino and Black families. METHODS We recruited 191 Latino and Black males aged 15-19 years and their fathers in the South Bronx, New York City. Dyads completed surveys, and a subset of fathers participated in audio-recorded sessions with a father coach, which included conversations about adolescent male condom use. A sequential explanatory mixed methods design identified adolescent male developmental predictors for paternal guidance for condom use and explored how fathers perceive their sons' readiness for sex. RESULTS The quantitative findings indicate that paternal perception of their sons' readiness for sex is an important predictor of providing guidance for condom use, and that fathers consider other factors (beyond age and perceived sexual activity) in understanding their sons' developmental readiness for sex. The qualitative findings provide insights into these additional factors, which should be considered when engaging fathers in primary care around issues of adolescent male condom use. CONCLUSIONS Fathers' perception of their sons' readiness for sex is a predictor of providing condom guidance. We provide practical suggestions for engaging fathers in primary care to promote correct and consistent condom use by adolescent males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Guilamo-Ramos
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC
- Institute for Policy Solutions, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
- Presidential Advisory Council on HIV/AIDS, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC
| | - Marco Thimm-Kaiser
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC
- Institute for Policy Solutions, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Adam Benzekri
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC
- Institute for Policy Solutions, Johns Hopkins University, Washington, DC
- School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Anthony Balaguera
- Center for Latino Adolescent and Family Health, Johns Hopkins University, Washington DC
| | | | - Lisvel Matos
- School of Nursing, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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