151
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Choi SH, Ahn WS, Lee MH, Jin DM, Lee A, Jie EY, Ju SJ, Ahn SJ, Kim SW. Effects of TSA, NaB, Aza in Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and effect of TSA in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts on cell division and callus formation. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279627. [PMID: 36827385 PMCID: PMC9956655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Whole-plant regeneration via plant tissue culture is a complex process regulated by several genetic and environmental conditions in plant cell cultures. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been reported to play an important role in plant cell differentiation and establishment of pluripotency. Herein, we tested the effects of chemicals, which interfere with epigenetic regulation, on the plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of lettuce. The used chemicals were histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaB), and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azacytidine (Aza). All three chemicals increased cell division, micro-callus formation and callus proliferation in lettuce protoplasts. Cell division increased by more than 20% with an optimal treatment of the three chemicals. In addition, substantial increase in the callus proliferation rates was observed. In addition, TSA enhances cell division and adventitious shoot formation in the protoplast culture of Nicotiana benthamiana. The regenerated tobacco plants from TSA-treated protoplasts did not show morphological changes similar to the control. TSA increased histone H3 acetylation levels and affected the expression of CDK, CYCD3-1, and WUS in tobacco protoplasts. Thus, we investigated the effect of TSA, NaB, and Aza on Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and the effect of TSA on cell division and callus formation in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts, which facilitates plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts. Furthermore, these chemicals can be directly applied as media additives for efficient plant regeneration and crop improvement in various plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Seok Ahn
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hui Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Wanju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Mon Jin
- Sunchang Research Institute of Health and Longevity, Sunchang, Republic of Korea
| | - Areum Lee
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yee Jie
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Ji Ju
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Applied Plant Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Ju Ahn
- Department of Biotechnology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Weon Kim
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
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152
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Park Y, Runkle ES. Spectral-conversion film potential for greenhouses: Utility of green-to-red photons conversion and far-red filtration for plant growth. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281996. [PMID: 36821557 PMCID: PMC9949677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Although green (G, 500 to 600 nm) and far-red (FR, 700 to 800 nm) light play important roles in regulating plant growth and development, they are often considered less useful at stimulating photosynthesis than red (R, 600 to 700 nm) and blue (B, 400 to 500 nm) light. Based on this perception, approaches to modifying the transmission of greenhouse glazing materials include (1) conversion of G photons from sunlight into R photons and (2) exclusion of the near-infrared (>700 nm) fraction of sunlight. We evaluated these approaches using simulated scenarios with light-emitting diodes to determine how partial and complete substitution of G with R light and exclusion of FR light affected the growth of lettuce and tomato grown indoors. The substitution of G with R light had little or no effect on fresh and dry mass of tomato. However, with the presence of FR light, fresh and dry mass of lettuce increased by 22-26% as G light was increasingly substituted with R light. In tomato, excluding FR inhibited plant height, leaf area, and dry mass by 60-71%, 10-37%, and 20-44%, respectively. Similarly, in lettuce, excluding FR inhibited plant diameter, leaf length, and dry mass by 15-23%, 23-33%, or 28-48%, respectively. We conclude that the spectral conversion of G-to-R photons can promote plant growth in at least some crop species, such as lettuce, while the exclusion of FR decreases crop growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujin Park
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- College of Integrative Sciences and Arts, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Erik S. Runkle
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
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153
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Park J, Ryu JH, Kim BY, Chun HS, Kim MS, Shin YI. Fermented Lettuce Extract Containing Nitric Oxide Metabolites Attenuates Inflammatory Parameters in Model Mice and in Human Fibroblast-Like Synoviocytes. Nutrients 2023; 15:1106. [PMID: 36904105 PMCID: PMC10005524 DOI: 10.3390/nu15051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) contains various bioactive compounds that can reduce the severity of inflammatory diseases. This study aimed to identify therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of fermented lettuce extract (FLE) containing stable nitric oxide (NO) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (MH7A line) from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). DBA/1 mice were immunized with bovine type II collagen and orally administered FLE for 14 days. On day 36, mouse sera and ankle joints were collected for serological and histological analysis, respectively. Consuming FLE inhibited RA development, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokine productions, synovial inflammation, and cartilage degradation. The therapeutic effects of FLE in CIA mice were similar to those of methotrexate (MTX), which is typically used to treat RA. In vitro, FLE suppressed the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)/Smad signaling pathway in MH7A cells. We also demonstrated that FLE inhibited TGF-β-induced cell migration, suppressed MMP-2/9 expression, inhibited MH7A cell proliferation, and increased the expression of autophagy markers LC3B and p62 in a dose-dependent manner. Our data suggest that FLE could induce autophagosome formations in the early of stages of autophagy while inhibiting their degradation in the later stages. In conclusion, FLE is a potential therapeutic agent for RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisu Park
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeon Ryu
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo-Young Kim
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Sun Kim
- Center for Nitric Oxide Metabolite, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Il Shin
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
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154
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Wu J, Sun J, Bosker T, Vijver MG, Peijnenburg WJGM. Toxicokinetics and Particle Number-Based Trophic Transfer of a Metallic Nanoparticle Mixture in a Terrestrial Food Chain. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:2792-2803. [PMID: 36747472 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Herein, we investigated to which extent metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) affect the trophic transfer of other coexisting MNPs from lettuce to terrestrial snails and the associated tissue-specific distribution using toxicokinetic (TK) modeling and single-particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. During a period of 22 days, snails were fed with lettuce leaves that were root exposed to AgNO3 (0.05 mg/L), AgNPs (0.75 mg/L), TiO2NPs (200 mg/L), and a mixture of AgNPs and TiO2NPs (equivalent doses as for single NPs). The uptake rate constants (ku) were 0.08 and 0.11 kg leaves/kg snail/d for Ag and 1.63 and 1.79 kg leaves/kg snail/d for Ti in snails fed with NPs single- and mixture-exposed lettuce, respectively. The elimination rate constants (ke) of Ag in snails exposed to single AgNPs and mixed AgNPs were comparable to the corresponding ku, while the ke for Ti were lower than the corresponding ku. As a result, single TiO2NP treatments as well as exposure to mixtures containing TiO2NPs induced significant biomagnification from lettuce to snails with kinetic trophic transfer factors (TTFk) of 7.99 and 6.46. The TTFk of Ag in the single AgNPs treatment (1.15 kg leaves/kg snail) was significantly greater than the TTFk in the mixture treatment (0.85 kg leaves/kg snail), while the fraction of Ag remaining in the body of snails after AgNPs exposure (36%) was lower than the Ag fraction remaining after mixture exposure (50%). These results indicated that the presence of TiO2NPs inhibited the trophic transfer of AgNPs from lettuce to snails but enhanced the retention of AgNPs in snails. Biomagnification of AgNPs from lettuce to snails was observed in an AgNPs single treatment using AgNPs number as the dose metric, which was reflected by the particle number-based TTFs of AgNPs in snails (1.67, i.e., higher than 1). The size distribution of AgNPs was shifted across the lettuce-snail food chain. By making use of particle-specific measurements and fitting TK processes, this research provides important implications for potential risks associated with the trophic transfer of MNP mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RALeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jianqiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Technology, 310014Hangzhou, China
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RALeiden, The Netherlands
- Leiden University College, Leiden University, P.O. Box 13228, 2501 EEThe Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Martina G Vijver
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RALeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Willie J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, P.O. Box 9518, 2300 RALeiden, The Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), P.O. Box 1, 3720 BABilthoven, The Netherlands
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155
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Lyalina T, Shagdarova B, Zhuikova Y, Il’ina A, Lunkov A, Varlamov V. Effect of Seed Priming with Chitosan Hydrolysate on Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) Growth Parameters. Molecules 2023; 28:1915. [PMID: 36838903 PMCID: PMC9959803 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed priming increases germination, yield, and resistance to abiotic factors and phytopathogens. Chitosan is considered an ecofriendly growth stimulant and crop protection agent. Chitosan hydrolysate (CH) is an unfractionated product of hydrolysis of high-molecular-weight crab shell chitosan with a molecular weight of 1040 kDa and a degree of deacetylation of 85% with nitric acid. The average molecular weight of the main fraction in CH was 39 kDa. Lettuce seeds were soaked in 0.01-1 mg/mL CH for 6 h before sowing. The effects of CH on seed germination, plant morphology, and biochemical indicators at different growth stages were evaluated. Under the 0.1 mg/mL CH treatment, earlier seed germination was detected compared to the control. Increased root branching was observed, along with 100% and 67% increases in fresh weight (FW) at the 24th and 38th days after sowing (DAS), respectively. An increase in the shoot FW was found in CH-treated plants (33% and 4% at the 24th and 38th DAS, respectively). Significant increases in chlorophyll and carotenoid content compared to the control were observed at the 10th DAS. There were no significant differences in the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, polyphenol oxidase, β-1,3-glucanase, and chitinase at the 24th and 38th DAS. Seed priming with CH could increase the yield and uniformity of plants within the group. This effect is important for commercial vegetable production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Lyalina
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | | | - Valery Varlamov
- Institute of Bioengineering, Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 33, bld. 2 Leninsky Ave., 119071 Moscow, Russia
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156
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Körber TT, Sitz T, Abdalla MA, Mühling KH, Rohn S. LC-ESI-MS/MS Analysis of Sulfolipids and Galactolipids in Green and Red Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) as Influenced by Sulfur Nutrition. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:3728. [PMID: 36835138 PMCID: PMC9965601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sulfur (S) deprivation leads to abiotic stress in plants. This can have a significant impact on membrane lipids, illustrated by a change in either the lipid class and/or the fatty acid distribution. Three different levels of S (deprivation, adequate, and excess) in the form of potassium sulfate were used to identify individual thylakoid membrane lipids, which might act as markers in S nutrition (especially under stress conditions). The thylakoid membrane consists of the three glycolipid classes: monogalactosyl- (MGDG), digalactosyl- (DGDG), and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerols (SQDG). All of them have two fatty acids linked, differing in chain length and degree of saturation. LC-ESI-MS/MS served as a powerful method to identify trends in the change in individual lipids and to understand strategies of the plant responding to stress. Being a good model plant, but also one of the most important fresh-cut vegetables in the world, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) has already been shown to respond significantly to different states of sulfur supply. The results showed a transformation of the glycolipids in lettuce plants and trends towards a higher degree of saturation of the lipids and an increased level of oxidized SQDG under S-limiting conditions. Changes in individual MGDG, DGDG, and oxidized SQDG were associated to S-related stress for the first time. Promisingly, oxidized SQDG might even serve as markers for further abiotic stress factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania T. Körber
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Sitz
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Muna A. Abdalla
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Karl H. Mühling
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Str. 2, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Hamburg School of Food Science, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany
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157
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Dutta M, Gupta D, Sahu S, Limkar S, Singh P, Mishra A, Kumar M, Mutlu R. Evaluation of Growth Responses of Lettuce and Energy Efficiency of the Substrate and Smart Hydroponics Cropping System. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:1875. [PMID: 36850471 PMCID: PMC9967833 DOI: 10.3390/s23041875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Smart sensing devices enabled hydroponics, a concept of vertical farming that involves soilless technology that increases green area. Although the cultivation medium is water, hydroponic cultivation uses 13 ± 10 times less water and gives 10 ± 5 times better quality products compared with those obtained through the substrate cultivation medium. The use of smart sensing devices helps in continuous real-time monitoring of the nutrient requirements and the environmental conditions required by the crop selected for cultivation. This, in turn, helps in enhanced year-round agricultural production. In this study, lettuce, a leafy crop, is cultivated with the Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) setup of hydroponics, and the growth results are compared with cultivation in a substrate medium. The leaf growth was analyzed in terms of cultivation cycle, leaf length, leaf perimeter, and leaf count in both cultivation methods, where hydroponics outperformed substrate cultivation. The results of the 'AquaCrop simulator also showed similar results, not only qualitatively and quantitatively, but also in terms of sustainable growth and year-round production. The energy consumption of both the cultivation methods is compared, and it is found that hydroponics consumes 70 ± 11 times more energy compared to substrate cultivation. Finally, it is concluded that smart sensing devices form the backbone of precision agriculture, thereby multiplying crop yield by real-time monitoring of the agronomical variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Dutta
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Deepali Gupta
- Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, India
| | - Sangeeta Sahu
- Department of Chemistry, Bhilai Institute of Technology, Raipur 493661, India
| | - Suresh Limkar
- Department of Artificial Intelligence & Data Science, AISSMS Institute of Information Technology, Pune 411001, India
| | - Pawan Singh
- Department of Computer Science, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Ashutosh Mishra
- School of Integrated Technology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Dubai P.O. Box 20183, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rahim Mutlu
- Faculty of Engineering and Information Sciences, University of Wollongong in Dubai, Dubai P.O. Box 20183, United Arab Emirates
- Intelligent Robotics & Autonomous Systems Co. (iR@SC), RA Engineering, Shellharbour, NSW 2529, Australia
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158
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Martins MR, Zanatta MCK, Pires MSG. Sustainable agricultural use of sewage sludge: impacts of high Zn concentration on on Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus, Lactuca sativa, and Phaseolus vulgaris. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:359. [PMID: 36735091 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-10969-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plants and an important component for maintaining soil quality. Commonly found in the soil due to anthropogenic activities, such as industrialization and application of organic waste as fertilizers, in high concentrations, Zn may induce soil toxicity, affecting important communities, such as edaphic fauna. Despite its high concentrations found in the environment, Zn bioavailability can be affected by the type of soil, organic matter content and pH. In this work, Zn had its toxicity evaluated in a natural tropical soil, sampled in São Paulo-Brazil, for two soil invertebrates (Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus crypticus) and two seeds (Lactuca sativa and Phaseolus vulgaris), through ecotoxicological tests. The invertebrate E. crypticus was exposed to Zn concentrations of 10.0 (T1); 100.0 (T2); 150.0 (T3); 200.0 (T4); 400.0 (T5) mg Zn kg-1 of dry soil, while F. candida, L. sativa and P. vulgaris were exposed to Zn concentrations of 100.0; 200.0; 400.0; 800.0 (t6); 1600.0 (t7); and 2000.0 (t8) mg Zn kg-1 of dry soil. The outcome evaluated were seed germination, for L. sativa and P. vulgaris, and reproduction, for F. candida and E. crypticus. The EC50 obtained for E. crypticus, F. candida, L. sativa, and P. vulgaris were 261.5, 1089.7, 898.5, and 954.5 mg Zn kg-1 of dry soil, respectively, being E. crypticus the most sensitive organism, and only at the highest Zn's concentrations the organisms' reproduction and seeds' germination showed a statistically significant inhibitory effect (p < 0.05). Therefore, this work's results showed that Zn does not present significant toxicity for the tested soil organisms and seeds and that at 100 mg Zn kg-1 of dry soil it can be beneficial to F. candida and E. crypticus' reproduction and L. sativa's germination. These results imply that the presence of Zn in low concentrations, both in soil and biofertilizers, such as sewage sludge, not only is not a concern, but it can even benefit certain crops and functions of edaphic organisms, which may contribute to the engagement of sustainable agricultural practices and the quest for food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Ravanelli Martins
- State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Paschoal Marmo, 1888 - Jd. Nova Itália, 13484-332, Limeira/SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Marta Siviero Guilherme Pires
- State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Limeira, Paschoal Marmo, 1888 - Jd. Nova Itália, 13484-332, Limeira/SP, Brazil
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159
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Song H, Wu P, Lu X, Wang B, Song T, Lu Q, Li M, Xu X. Comparative physiological and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanisms of CO2 enrichment in promoting the growth and quality in Lactuca sativa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0278159. [PMID: 36735719 PMCID: PMC9897578 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere has attracted widespread attention. To explore the effect of elevated CO2 on lettuce growth and better understand the mechanism of elevated CO2 in lettuce cultivation, 3 kinds of lettuce with 4 real leaves were selected and planted in a solar greenhouse. One week later, CO2 was applied from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 a.m. on sunny days for 30 days. The results showed that the growth potential of lettuce was enhanced under CO2 enrichment. The content of vitamin C and chlorophyll in the three lettuce varieties increased, and the content of nitrate nitrogen decreased. The light saturation point and net photosynthetic rate of leaves increased, and the light compensation point decreased. Transcriptome analysis showed that there were 217 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shared by the three varieties, among which 166 were upregulated, 44 were downregulated, and 7 DEGs were inconsistent in the three materials. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that these DEGs involved mainly the ethylene signaling pathway, jasmonic acid signaling pathway, porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism pathway, starch and sucrose metabolism pathway, etc. Forty-one DEGs in response to CO2 enrichment were screened out by Gene Ontology (GO) analysis, and the biological processes involved were consistent with KEGG analysis. which suggested that the growth and nutritional quality of lettuce could be improved by increasing the enzyme activity and gene expression levels of photosynthesis, hormone signaling and carbohydrate metabolism. The results laid a theoretical foundation for lettuce cultivation in solar greenhouses and the application of CO2 fertilization technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Song
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Peiqi Wu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaonan Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Tianyue Song
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Qiang Lu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Meilan Li
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoyong Xu
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab, Sanya, Hainan, China
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160
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Mohy-U-Din N, Farhan M, Wahid A, Ciric L, Sharif F. Human health risk estimation of antibiotics transferred from wastewater and soil to crops. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:20601-20614. [PMID: 36255570 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23412-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics enter into agricultural land, via manure application or wastewater irrigation. The practices of using untreated wastewater in the agricultural system help in the bioaccumulation of antibiotics in vegetables and other crops. Exposure to the bioaccumulated antibiotics poses serious health risks to ecosystem and human. In this study, the prevalence of two fluoroquinolones (levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin), their bioaccumulation in five crops (Daucus carota L., Pisum sativum L., Raphanus raphanistrum L., Lactuca sativa L., Spinacia oleracea L.), and associated human health risks were investigated. Lettuce showed highest bioaccumulation of levofloxacin (LEV) (12.66 μg kg-1) and carrot showed high bioaccumulation of ciprofloxacin (CIP) (13.01 μg kg-1). In roots, bioconcentration factor (BCFroot) was observed to be relatively high in radish (LEV 0.24-0.43, CIP 0.32-0.49) and observed to be lower in spinach (LEV 0.05-0.13, CIP 0.12-0.19). The translocation factor (TF) for LEV and CIP was generally >1 for all five crops under all treatment. The final transfer and distribution of LEV and CIP in the edible parts of the crops were as follows: leaves > shoots > roots for both antibiotics. Risk quotient of both LEV and CIP in current study is found to be in between 0.018 and 0.557 and shows a medium risk (0.1 to 1) to human health due the discharge of untreated wastewater into the fields. However, our study reports that both antibiotics do accumulate in the edible plant parts; therefore, it poses potential risks to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazish Mohy-U-Din
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Muhammad Farhan
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Abdul Wahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Lena Ciric
- Healthy Infrastructure Research Group, Department of Civil, Environmental and Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Gower Street, London, UK
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Sustainable Development Study Center, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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161
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Li J, Yu Y, Chen X, Yu S, Cui M, Wang S, Song F. Effects of biochar on the phytotoxicity of polyvinyl chloride microplastics. Plant Physiol Biochem 2023; 195:228-237. [PMID: 36645927 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Polyvinyl chloride microplastics (PVC-MPs) are toxic to crops, resulting in economic losses during agricultural production. Owing to its strong adsorption capacity, biochar can effectively remove MPs from water. It is presumed that biochar can alleviate the phytotoxicity of PVC-MPs. To verify this hypothesis, the effects of different concentrations of corncob biochar (CCBC) on the phytotoxicity of PVC-MPs were investigated using hydroponic experiments. The results showed that PVC-MPs attached to lettuce roots substantially inhibited the growth and quality of lettuce. The tested CCBC adsorbed the PVC-MPs. At appropriate concentrations, CCBC alleviated the inhibitory effect of PVC-MPs on lettuce yield; however, it decreased some quality indicators. The single PVC-MPs induced oxidative damage to lettuce, as demonstrated by the increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. Addition of CCBC considerably decreased the contents of H2O2 and MDA in the lettuce shoots but increased the H2O2 content in the roots. These findings indicate that CCBC may alleviate the adverse effects caused by PVC-MPs to the lettuce shoots but aggravate the toxic effects on the lettuce roots. This study provides a basis for understanding the removal of the phytotoxicity of MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China.
| | - Yufei Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Xuehai Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Songguo Yu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Min Cui
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China
| | - Fanhao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing, 100012, China
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162
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Liao N, Tang M, Chen L, Tian P, Wang D, Cheng D, Wu G. Soluble extracellular polymeric substance (SEPS) of histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expressing bacterium Sphingobacterium sp. SC015 influences the survival and persistence of norovirus on lettuce. Food Microbiol 2023; 109:104126. [PMID: 36309436 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.104126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Foodborne norovirus (NoV) outbreaks linked to leafy greens are common due to a lack of efficient strategies to prevent NoV spread from contaminated surfaces. We previously found that Sphingobacterium sp. SC015 in lettuce phyllosphere expresses histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-like substances in soluble extracellular polymeric substances (SEPS) that contribute to NoV adherence on lettuce. Here, we extracted SEPS from bacterium SC015 (SEPS-SC015), analyzed their chemical composition, and examined their roles in the survival and protection of NoV and surrogates [murine norovirus (MNV-1) and Tulane virus (TuV)] on lettuce. Presence of SEPS-SC015 significantly increased survival and persistence of human NoV (HuNoV), MNV-1, and TuV at days 7 and 14, compared with virus alone. HuNoV, TuV, and MNV-1 seeded with SEPS-SC015 were more resistant to heat (70 °C, 2 min) than these viruses alone. SEPS-SC015 also increased viral resistance to sodium hypochlorite inactivation by treatment with 30 and 300 ppm bleach at 26 °C for 10 min. However, SEPS-SC015 was not effective at protecting these viruses under UV inactivation. Binding of TuV to SC015 bacteria and SEPS-SC015, visualized using transmission electron microscopy, suggests that protection might be related to direct interaction between SEPS-SC015 and viral particles. This study provides important insights that will help inform strategies to improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningbo Liao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Mengxuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, 310051, China
| | - Peng Tian
- Produce Safety and Microbiology Research Unit, Western Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Albany, CA, United States
| | - Dapeng Wang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dongqing Cheng
- College of Medical Technology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Guoping Wu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
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163
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Luo X, Wang X, Xia C, Peng J, Wang Y, Tang Y, Gao F. Quantitative ion character-activity relationship methods for assessing the ecotoxicity of soil metal(loid)s to lettuce. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:24521-24532. [PMID: 36336735 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23914-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
New pollution elements introduced by the rapid development of modern industry and agriculture may pose a serious threat to the soil ecosystem. To explore the ecotoxicity and risk of these elements, we systematically studied the acute toxicity of 18 metal(loid)s toward lettuce using hydroponic experiments and quantitative relationships between element toxicity and ionic characteristics using ion-grouping and ligand-binding theory methods, thereby establishing a quantitative ion character-activity relationship (QICAR) model for predicting the phytotoxicity threshold of data-poor elements. The toxicity of 18 ions to lettuce differed by more than four orders of magnitude (0.05-804.44 μM). Correlation and linear regression analysis showed that the ionic characteristics significantly associated with this toxicity explained only 23.8-50.3% of the toxicity variation (R2Adj = 0.238-0.503, p < 0.05). Relationships between toxicity and ionic properties significantly improved after separating metal(loid) ions into soft and hard, with R2Adj of 0.793 and 0.784 (p < 0.05), respectively. Three ligand-binding parameters showed different predictive effects on lettuce metal(loid) toxicity. Compared with the binding constant of the biotic ligand model (log K) and the hard ligand scale (HLScale) (p > 0.05), the softness consensus scale (σCon) was significantly correlated with toxicity and provided the best prediction (R2Adj = 0.844, p < 0.001). We selected QICAR equations based on soft-hard ion classification and σCon methods to predict phytotoxicity of metal(loid)s, which can be used to derive ecotoxicity for data-poor metal(loid)s, providing preliminary assessment of their ecological risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Luo
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Cunyan Xia
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Jing Peng
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Ying Wang
- School of Space and Environment, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yujie Tang
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Fan Gao
- College of Resource Environment and Tourism, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China
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164
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Liu X, Li Y, Micallef SA. Natural variation and drought-induced differences in metabolite profiles of red oak-leaf and Romaine lettuce play a role in modulating the interaction with Salmonella enterica. Int J Food Microbiol 2023; 385:109998. [PMID: 36371998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nutrients on produce surfaces are vital for successful enteric pathogen colonisation. In this study, we investigated natural variation in metabolite profiles of Romaine 'Parris Island Cos' and red oak-leaf lettuce 'Mascara' under regular and restricted watering conditions. We also investigated the impact of plant drought stress on the Salmonella - lettuce association. Salmonella Newport and Typhimurium were able to persist at higher levels on regularly watered Romaine than red oak-leaf lettuce. Drought treatment to lettuce impaired epiphytic Salmonella association, with S. Newport and Typhimurium being differentially affected. A higher log reduction of both serotypes was measured on drought-subjected red oak-leaf lettuce plants than controls, but S. Typhimurium was unaffected on water deficit-treated Romaine lettuce (p < 0.05). To assess Salmonella interaction with leaf surface metabolites, leaf washes collected from both cultivars were inoculated and found to be able to support S. Newport growth, with higher levels of Salmonella retrieved from Romaine washes (p < 0.05). The lag phase of S. Newport in washes from water restricted red oak-leaf lettuce was prolonged in relation to regularly-watered controls (p < 0.05). Untargeted plant metabolite profiling using electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS) revealed natural variation between Romaine and red oak-leaf lettuce profiles for leaf tissue and leaf washes. Metabolite profile shifts were detected in both lettuce types in response to drought stress, but more unique peaks were detected in red oak-leaf than Romaine lettuce after drought treatment. Variation between the two cultivars was in part attributed to naturally higher levels of flavonoids and anthocyanins in red oak-leaf lettuce compared to Romaine. Moreover, red oak-leaf, but not Romaine lettuce, responded to drought by inducing the accumulation of proline, phenolics, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Drought stress, therefore, enhanced the functional food properties of red oak-leaf lettuce. Salmonella growth dynamics in lettuce leaf washes suggested that natural variation and drought-induced changes in metabolite profiles in lettuce could partly explain the differential susceptibility of various lettuce types to Salmonella, although the primary or secondary metabolites mediating this effect remain unknown. Regulated mild water stress should be investigated as an approach to lower Salmonella contamination risk in suitable lettuce cultivars, while simultaneously boosting the health beneficial quality of lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Liu
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Shirley A Micallef
- Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA; Center for Food Safety and Security Systems, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
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165
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Kim SH, Bae S, Hwang YS. Comparative bioaccumulation, translocation, and phytotoxicity of metal oxide nanoparticles and metal ions in soil-crop system. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:158938. [PMID: 36152853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of the soil environment to metal nanoparticles (MNPs) has been extensive because of their indiscriminate use and the disposal of MNP products in various applications. In MNP-amended soil, various crops can absorb the nanoparticles, and accumulation of the MNPs in farm products has potential risks for bioconcentration in humans and livestock. Here, we evaluated the comparative bioaccumulation, translocation, and phytotoxicity of MNPs (ZnO and CuO NPs) and metal ions (Zn(NO3)2 and Cu(NO3)2) in four different crops, namely lettuce, radish, bok choy, and tomato. We carried out pot experiments to evaluate the phytotoxicity in the crops from the presence of MNPs and metal ions. Phytotoxicity from different treatments differed depending on the plant species, and metal types. In addition, exposure to Zn and Cu showed positive dose-dependent effects on their bioaccumulation in each crop. However, there were no significant differences in metal bioaccumulation depending on whether the crops were exposed to MNPs or metal ions. By calculating the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and translocation factor (TF), we were able to estimate the biological uptake and translocation abilities of MNPs and metal ions for each crop. It was found that lettuce and radish had greater BCFs than bok choy and tomato, while bok choy and tomato had higher TFs. Also, the uptake and translocation of Zn were better than those of Cu. However, the values for BCF and TF for each crop showed no significant differences between MNP and metal ion exposure. A micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) spectrometer analysis demonstrated that only Zn elements appeared in the primary veins and edges of all leaves and the storage root of radish. Our study aims to estimate bioaccumulation, translocation, and the implied potential risks from MNPs accumulated in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hoon Kim
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Sujin Bae
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Yu Sik Hwang
- Environmental Exposure & Toxicology Research Center, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jinju, South Korea.
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166
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Serrano-Ruiz H, Martin-Closas L, Pelacho AM. Impact of buried debris from agricultural biodegradable plastic mulches on two horticultural crop plants: Tomato and lettuce. Sci Total Environ 2023; 856:159167. [PMID: 36202362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradable mulches (BDM) are increasingly valued and used for substituting non-biodegradable plastic mulches polluting agricultural soils. They are tilled into soil, where they fragment and release compounds throughout their biodegradation. The consequences of BDM use on the plant-soil environment have been partially studied with pristine and with artificially-weathered BDM fragments. However, to guarantee safety use of BDM, studies on the BDM debris effects are required. For this, to determine potential effects of the field-weathering BDM on plants, a mesocosm experiment was performed by sowing seeds from two major plant species commonly cultivated with BDM, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa), in plant pots containing pristine and field-weathered pieces from seven different BDM formulations, one paper mulch, a polyethylene (PE) mulch, and no-mulch control pots. Germination of both plant species was unaffected by any of the mulch treatments; however, PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate)-based BDM fragments severely inhibited tomato and lettuce plant growth, 90 and 95 %, respectively. Moreover, all pristine and field-weathered BDM significantly delayed lettuce plant development. Tomato plant growth progressed better, but growth retardation was also evidenced with most field-weathered BDM treatments. Overall, field-weathered fragments caused stronger effects on plants than the pristine unused ones. No effects were found for PE mulch, either pristine or field-weathered. The obtained results highlight that BDM debris may alter plant development depending on their nature and on their weathering, rather than on their physical presence, and evidence the need to conduct further experiments on the impact of field-weathered BDM on the plant-soil environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadaly Serrano-Ruiz
- Department of Horticulture, Botany and Gardening, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Lluis Martin-Closas
- Department of Horticulture, Botany and Gardening, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Ana M Pelacho
- Department of Horticulture, Botany and Gardening, University of Lleida, Avda. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
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167
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Soran ML, Sîrb AN, Lung I, Opriş O, Culicov O, Stegarescu A, Nekhoroshkov P, Gligor DM. A Multi-Method Approach for Impact Assessment of Some Heavy Metals on Lactuca sativa L. Molecules 2023; 28:759. [PMID: 36677817 PMCID: PMC9863620 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals represent a large category of pollutants. Heavy metals are the focus of researchers around the world, mainly due to their harmful effects on plants. In this paper, the influence of copper, cadmium, manganese, nickel, zinc and lead, present in soil in different concentrations (below the permissible limit, the maximum permissible concentration and a concentration higher than the maximum permissible limit) on lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) was evaluated. For this purpose, the authors analyzed the variation of photosynthetic pigments, total polyphenols, antioxidant activity and the elemental content in the studied plants. The experimental results showed that the variation of the content of biologically active compounds, elemental content and the antioxidant activity in the plants grown in contaminated soil, compared to the control plants, depends on the type and concentration of the metal added to the soil. The biggest decrease was recorded for plants grown in soil treated with Ni I (-42.38%) for chlorophyll a, Zn II (-32.92%) for chlorophyll b, Ni I (-40.46%) for carotenoids, Pb I (-40.95%) for polyphenols and Cu III (-29.42%) for DPPH. On the other hand, the largest increase regarding the amount of biologically active compounds was registered for Mn I (88.24%) in the case of the chlorophyll a, Mn I (65.56%) for chlorophyll b, Pb I (116.03%) for carotenoids, Ni III (1351.23%) for polyphenols and Ni III (1149.35%) for DPPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Loredana Soran
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Aura Nicoleta Sîrb
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ildiko Lung
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ocsana Opriş
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Otilia Culicov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, 1419890 Dubna, Russia
- National Institute for Research and Development in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 030138 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Adina Stegarescu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Pavel Nekhoroshkov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, 6 Joliot-Curie, 1419890 Dubna, Russia
| | - Delia-Maria Gligor
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Babeș-Bolyai University, 30 Fântânele, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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168
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Castan S, Sherman A, Peng R, Zumstein MT, Wanek W, Hüffer T, Hofmann T. Uptake, Metabolism , and Accumulation of Tire Wear Particle-Derived Compounds in Lettuce. Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:168-178. [PMID: 36576319 PMCID: PMC9835885 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c05660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tire wear particle (TWP)-derived compounds may be of high concern to consumers when released in the root zone of edible plants. We exposed lettuce plants to the TWP-derived compounds diphenylguanidine (DPG), hexamethoxymethylmelamine (HMMM), benzothiazole (BTZ), N-phenyl-N'-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and its quinone transformation product (6PPD-q) at concentrations of 1 mg L-1 in hydroponic solutions over 14 days to analyze if they are taken up and metabolized by the plants. Assuming that TWP may be a long-term source of TWP-derived compounds to plants, we further investigated the effect of leaching from TWP on the concentration of leachate compounds in lettuce leaves by adding constantly leaching TWP to the hydroponic solutions. Concentrations in leaves, roots, and nutrient solution were quantified by triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, and metabolites in the leaves were identified by Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. This study demonstrates that TWP-derived compounds are readily taken up by lettuce with measured maximum leaf concentrations between ∼0.75 (6PPD) and 20 μg g-1 (HMMM). Although these compounds were metabolized in the plant, we identified several transformation products, most of which proved to be more stable in the lettuce leaves than the parent compounds. Furthermore, continuous leaching from TWP led to a resupply and replenishment of the metabolized compounds in the lettuce leaves. The stability of metabolized TWP-derived compounds with largely unknown toxicities is particularly concerning and is an important new aspect for the impact assessment of TWP in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Castan
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Environmental
Geosciences EDGE, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral
School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Anya Sherman
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Environmental
Geosciences EDGE, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral
School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
- Research
Platform for Plastics in the Environment and Society (PLENTY), University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Ruoting Peng
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Environmental
Geosciences EDGE, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
- Doctoral
School in Microbiology and Environmental Science, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael T. Zumstein
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Environmental
Geosciences EDGE, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wanek
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Division of Terrestrial
Ecosystem Research, University of Vienna, 1030Vienna, Austria
| | - Thorsten Hüffer
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Environmental
Geosciences EDGE, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
- Research
Platform for Plastics in the Environment and Society (PLENTY), University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
| | - Thilo Hofmann
- Centre
for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Environmental
Geosciences EDGE, University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
- Research
Platform for Plastics in the Environment and Society (PLENTY), University of Vienna, 1090Vienna, Austria
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169
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Wójcicki M, Świder O, Gientka I, Błażejak S, Średnicka P, Shymialevich D, Cieślak H, Wardaszka A, Emanowicz P, Sokołowska B, Juszczuk-Kubiak E. Effectiveness of a Phage Cocktail as a Potential Biocontrol Agent against Saprophytic Bacteria in Ready-To-Eat Plant-Based Food. Viruses 2023; 15:172. [PMID: 36680211 PMCID: PMC9860863 DOI: 10.3390/v15010172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the phage cocktail to improve the microbiological quality of five different mixed-leaf salads: rucola, mixed-leaf salad with carrot, mixed-leaf salad with beetroot, washed and unwashed spinach, during storage in refrigerated conditions. Enterobacterales rods constituted a significant group of bacteria in the tested products. Selected bacteria were tested for antibiotic resistance profiles and then used to search for specific bacteriophages. Forty-three phages targeting bacteria dominant in mixed-leaf salads were isolated from sewage. Their titer was determined, and lytic activity was assessed using the Bioscreen C Pro automated growth analyzer. Two methods of phage cocktail application including spraying, and an absorption pad were effective for rucola, mixed leaf salad with carrot, and mixed leaf salad with beetroot. The maximum reduction level after 48 h of incubation reached 99.9% compared to the control sample. In washed and unwashed spinach, attempts to reduce the number of microorganisms did not bring the desired effect. The decrease in bacteria count in the lettuce mixes depended on the composition of the autochthonous saprophytic bacteria species. Both phage cocktail application methods effectively improved the microbiological quality of minimally processed products. Whole-spectral phage cocktail application may constitute an alternative food microbiological quality improvement method without affecting food properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olga Świder
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iwona Gientka
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166 Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dziyana Shymialevich
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hanna Cieślak
- Culture Collection of Industrial Microorganisms—Microbiological Resources Center, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Artur Wardaszka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Emanowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Sokołowska
- Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology—State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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170
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Nobre DAC, Silva MB, Macedo WR, Costa MR, Napoleão RL. Turmeric powder: biostimulator from expired lettuce seeds? BRAZ J BIOL 2023; 82:e265809. [PMID: 36629541 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.265809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D A C Nobre
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Laboratório de Processamento de Produtos de Origem Vegetal, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - M B Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Laboratório de Processamento de Produtos de Origem Vegetal, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - W R Macedo
- Universidade Federal de Viçosa - UFV, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Laboratório de Fisiologia e Metabolismo da Produção Vegetal, Campus de Rio Paranaíba, Rio Paranaíba, MG, Brasil
| | - M R Costa
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Laboratório de Processamento de Produtos de Origem Vegetal, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - R L Napoleão
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Laboratório de Processamento de Produtos de Origem Vegetal, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
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171
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Lucas JR, Ramos D, Balcázar SS, Santos C. The Presence of Potentially Pathogenic Protozoa in Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) Sold in Markets in the Central Peruvian Andes. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:943. [PMID: 36673697 PMCID: PMC9858690 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20020943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Peru is currently one of the world’s leading culinary destinations, whose world-renowned cuisine uses vegetables, mainly lettuce, as frequent ingredients. Vegetable consumption is promoted worldwide as a part of a healthy diet. However, vegetables, more frequently lettuce, have been implicated as a vehicle of infection for several foodborne parasites. This study aimed to determine the presence of potentially pathogenic parasites in lettuce marketed in the Central Andes of Peru. A total of 75 lettuce samples were collected from the two largest wholesale markets and the main open-air market in Jauja province, in the central Peruvian Andes. The province of provenance (coast vs. highlands), lettuce variety (“curly-leaf”, “iceberg”, and “butter”), and type of market were recorded. The samples were microscopically examined for detection of parasitic life forms using standard parasitological methods including direct slide smear, Lugol’s iodine staining, and Modified Ziehl−Neelsen staining. The overall positivity of parasitic contamination in lettuces was 45.3% (CI 95%: 34−56.6%). Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora belli, Giardia lamblia, Balantidium coli, and Entamoeba spp. were detected in twenty-six (34.7%), six (8%), four (5.3%), two (2.7%), and two (2.7%) lettuces, respectively. I. belli was found in a significantly (p < 0.01) lower proportion in the “butter” variety, and significantly (p < 0.05) higher contamination with G. lamblia was found in lettuce sold at the open-air market. B. coli, G. lamblia, and E. histolytica/E. dispar/E. moshkovskii were detected only in lettuce from the highlands (Tarma province). This study provides important data for health authorities to develop food safety programs. This information is also of interest to the international community because of the increased visibility that Peru has gained as a tourist destination.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Raul Lucas
- Department of Animal Health and Public Health, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Daphne Ramos
- Department of Animal Health and Public Health, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - S. Sonia Balcázar
- Department of Animal Health and Public Health, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, San Borja, Lima 15021, Peru
| | - Carlos Santos
- Department Section of Food Technology, Veterinary Faculty, Complutense University, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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172
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Admane N, Cavallo G, Hadjila C, Cavalluzzi MM, Rotondo NP, Salerno A, Cannillo J, Difonzo G, Caponio F, Ippolito A, Lentini G, Sanzani SM. Biostimulant Formulations and Moringa oleifera Extracts to Improve Yield, Quality, and Storability of Hydroponic Lettuce. Molecules 2023; 28:373. [PMID: 36615566 PMCID: PMC9822398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The urgent need to increase the sustainability of crop production has pushed the agricultural sector towards the use of biostimulants based on natural products. The current work aimed to determine whether the preharvest application of two commercial formulations, based on a Fabaceae enzymatic hydrolysate or a blend of nitrogen sources including fulvic acids, and two lab-made aqueous extracts from Moringa oleifera leaves (MLEs), could improve yield, quality, and storability of lettuce grown in a hydroponic system, as compared to an untreated control. Lettuce plants treated with the MLEs showed significantly improved quality parameters (leaf number, area, and color), total phenolic content and antioxidant activity, and resistance against the fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea, comparable to that obtained with commercial formulates, particularly those based on the protein hydrolysate. A difference between the M. oleifera extracts was observed, probably due to the different compositions. Although further large-scale trials are needed, the tested MLEs seem a promising safe and effective preharvest means to improve lettuce agronomic and quality parameters and decrease susceptibility to rots.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Maddalena Cavalluzzi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Natalie Paola Rotondo
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Salerno
- Forza Vitale, Via Castel del Monte, 194/C, 70033 Corato, Italy
| | - Joseph Cannillo
- Forza Vitale, Via Castel del Monte, 194/C, 70033 Corato, Italy
| | - Graziana Difonzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponio
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Ippolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lentini
- Dipartimento di Farmacia—Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Simona Marianna Sanzani
- CIHEAM Bari, Via Ceglie 9, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo, della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
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173
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Caporale AG, Palladino M, De Pascale S, Duri LG, Rouphael Y, Adamo P. How to make the Lunar and Martian soils suitable for food production - Assessing the changes after manure addition and implications for plant growth. J Environ Manage 2023; 325:116455. [PMID: 36242975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The in-situ resource utilisation (ISRU), in terms of native rocky materials and astronaut wastes, is crucial in contests of soil-based space-farming. Nevertheless, extra-terrestrial soils are very different from Earth soils, lacking any form of organic carbon and associated macro and micronutrients. In this research, we aimed to study and modify two commercially available Lunar and Martian regolith simulants (LHS-1 from Exolith Lab and MMS-1 from Martian Garden) to make them an adequate medium for plant growth. Lettuce was chosen as reference crop to guide the discussion on the results obtained. To reach this main objective, we added to simulants a commercially available monogastric-based organic manure chosen as a substitute of a possible organic amendment produced onboard. The simulant/manure mixture rates were 100:0, 90:10, 70:30, 50:50; w:w. As expected, an approximately linear increase of total and bioavailable contents of macro (N, S, P, Ca, K, Mg) and micro (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) nutrients with increasing manure addition to simulants was observed. On the other hand, the very high pH of manure (pH, 9.02) along with its salinity (EC, 6.7 dS m-1) and sodicity (Na, 5.3 g kg-1), did not correct the already high pH of simulants (very high for LHS-1), but rather raised their soluble salt content and sodium amount on the exchange complex. In addition, an increase of toxic soluble aluminium and heavy elements (Pb, Ni, Cr, V) was observed, mainly in the strongly alkaline lunar simulant/manure mixtures. The addition of an organic source also produced a generalised improvement of water retention and hydraulic conductivity of both regolith simulants, in proportion to the percentage of manure addiction. For both situations, the best mixture ratio was 70:30. In terms of water retained, the LHS-1 mixtures benefited more than the MMS-1 ones by manure addition since water was held more in the "dry" (between -100 and -600 cm of matric potential head) than in the "humid" (between -25 and -100 cm of matric potential head) region of water retention. This would make LHS-1 mixtures more useful for cultivation of lettuce, at least in terms of physico-hydraulic properties. Nevertheless, the overall characterisation of the mixtures unveiled that MMS-1-based substrates can ensure better agronomic performances than LHS-1 ones, mainly due to lower pHs and higher nutrient availability; this divergent fertility was particularly evident at 90:10 simulant/manure rate and tend to be mitigated by increasing the levels of manure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio G Caporale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
| | - Mario Palladino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Stefania De Pascale
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Luigi G Duri
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Youssef Rouphael
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Paola Adamo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
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174
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Cheng B, Wang C, Yue L, Chen F, Cao X, Lan Q, Liu T, Wang Z. Selenium nanomaterials improve the quality of lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) by modulating root growth, nutrient availability, and photosynthesis. NanoImpact 2023; 29:100449. [PMID: 36610662 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2022.100449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Macro- or micro-nutrients are essential for crop yield and nutritional quality. In this work, selenium engineering nanomaterials (Se ENMs, 0.5 mg‧kg-1) significantly increased the yield and nutritional quality of lettuce, which was better than that of selenite (Na2SeO3). Under the treatment of Se ENMs, macro-nutrients including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) were increased by 15.8%, 98.5%, 42.8%, 146.9%, and 62.5%, respectively, and micro-nutrients including manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were also increased by 87.4%, 78.0%, 61.1%, and 56.1%, respectively. As a result, the improved nutritional status of lettuce leaves increased photosynthesis (59.2%) and yield (37.6%). Root diameters and root tips of lettuce were increased by 23.9% and 18.6%, respectively, upon exposure to Se ENMs, which may be responsible for facilitating the absorption of macro and micro nutrients from the soil. These effects were significantly better than SeO32- treated group. Metabolome results indicated that Se ENMs could improve the shikimic acid, phenylalanine, and tyrosine pathway, resulting in an enhancement of the beneficial compounds, including quercetin, rutin, and coumarin, by 2.9, 2.7, and 2.4-fold, respectively. Besides, pyruvic acid and TCA cycle were also improved by Se ENMs. These results provide new insight into the positive effect of Se ENMs on crop yield and nutritional quality, which demonstrate that the Se ENMs-enabled agriculture practices have a promising prospect as a sustainable crop strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingxu Cheng
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chuanxi Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Feiran Chen
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuesong Cao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Qianqian Lan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, International Joint Research Laboratory for Nano Energy Composites, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, and School of Environment and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Energy and Carbon Reduction Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Anaerobic Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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175
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Fernandes LS, Galvão A, Santos R, Monteiro S. Impact of water reuse on agricultural practices and human health. Environ Res 2023; 216:114762. [PMID: 36356670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is altering the habits of the population. Extensive drought periods and overuse of potable water led to significant water shortages in many different places. Therefore, new water sources are necessary for usage in applications where the microbiological and chemical water quality demands are less stringent, as for agriculture. In this study, we planted, germinated, and grew vegetables/fruits (cherry tomato, lettuce, and carrot) using three types of potential waters for irrigation: secondary-treated wastewater, chlorine-treated wastewater, and green wall-treated greywater, to observe potential health risks of foodstuff consumption. In this study the waters and crops were analyzed for three taxonomic groups: bacteria, enteric viruses, and protozoa. Enteric viruses, human Norovirus I (hNoVGI) and Enterovirus (EntV), were detected in tomato and carrots irrigated with secondary-treated and chlorine-treated wastewater, in concentrations as high as 2.63 log genome units (GU)/g. On the other hand, Aichi viruses were detected in lettuce. Bacteria and protozoa remained undetected in all fresh produce although being detected in both types of wastewaters. Fresh produce irrigated with green wall-treated greywater were free from the chosen pathogens. This suggests that green wall-treated greywater may be a valuable option for crop irrigation, directly impacting the cities of the future vision, and the circular and green economy concepts. On the other hand, this work demonstrates that further advancement is still necessary to improve reclaimed water to the point where it no longer constitutes risk of foodborne diseases and to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Galvão
- Department of Civil Engineering - SHRHA, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Santos
- Laboratorio Analises, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Monteiro
- Laboratorio Analises, Técnico Lisboa, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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176
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Golia EE, Chartodiplomenou MA, Papadimou SG, Kantzou OD, Tsiropoulos NG. Influence of soil inorganic amendments on heavy metal accumulation by leafy vegetables. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:8617-8632. [PMID: 34796440 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to assess the effect of four inorganic soil amendments, such as lime (CaCO3), red mud consisting of 75% hematite (Fe2O3), gypsum (CaSO4·2H2O), and Al oxide (Al2O3), of an alkaline heavy metal-contaminated soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was conducted by physically mixing individual six subsamples of a soil sample collected from Thessaly area with four inorganic soil amendments along with two leafy plants, spinach and lettuce. Al oxide causes the maximum reduction of the water-soluble Cu concentration, as its concentrations is no longer detectable. The Cu availability index decreases when aluminum oxide was used. The use of gypsum and red mud caused almost equal reduction while the smallest decrease was caused by the use of lime. The Zn availability index decreased equally when aluminum oxide and gypsum were mixed with the soil sample. The highest reduction of Cu and Zn transfer coefficient (TC) was observed when the Al2O3 was used. In spinach, Zn TC reduction was 39.8% and Cu TC reduction was 41.0%. In lettuce, the addition of Al2O3 led to Cu TC reduction of over 37.3% and Zn TC reduction of up to 38.7%. Generally, Al2O3 nanoparticles may function as suitable sorbents for the removal of Zn and Cu from soil samples, with an increasing effectiveness in spinach rather than lettuce. Liming materials seem to increase the soil alkalinity and promote the complexation of soluble heavy metals with hydroxide ions leading to immobilization of heavy metals in soil and reduce their amount in leafy vegetables. Remediation of contaminated soils is considered necessary to reduce environmental risks and to achieve the means available to increase agricultural production of safe and quality food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia E Golia
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece.
- Department of Agriculture, Laboratory of Soil Science, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus, 541 24, Thessaloniki, Greece.
| | - Maria-Anna Chartodiplomenou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Sotiria G Papadimou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Ourania-Despoina Kantzou
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Soil Science, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
| | - Nikolaos G Tsiropoulos
- Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Pesticides Laboratory, University of Thessaly, Fytokou Street, 384 46, Volos, Greece
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177
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Soares BC, Abilio TE, José JC, Labuto G, Carrilho ENVM. Removal of Cr(VI) from water by in natura and magnetic nanomodified hydroponic lettuce roots. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:8822-8834. [PMID: 35809173 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21755-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biosorption is a viable and environmentally friendly process to remove pollutants and species of commercial interest. Biological materials are employed as adsorbents for the retention, removal, or recovery of potentially toxic metals from aqueous matrices. Hexavalent chromium is a potential contaminant commonly used in galvanoplasty and exhibits concerning effects on humans and the environment. The present work used in natura lettuce root (LR) and nanomodified lettuce root (LR-NP) for Cr(VI) adsorption from water medium. The nanomodification was performed by coprecipitation of magnetite nanoparticles on LR. All materials were morphologically and chemically characterized. The conditions used in removing Cr(VI) were determined by evaluating the pH at the point of zero charge (pHPZC = 5.96 and 6.50 for LR and LR-NP, respectively), pH, kinetics, and sorption capacity in batch procedures. The maximum sorption capacity of these materials was reached at pH 1.0 and 30 min of adsorbent-adsorbate contact time. The pseudo-second-order kinetic equation provided the best adjustments with r2 0.9982 and 0.9812 for LR and LR-NP, respectively. Experimental sorption capacity (Qexp) results were 4.51 ± 0.04 mg/g, 2.48 ± 0.57 mg/g, and 3.84 ± 0.08 mg/g for LR, NP, and LR-NP, respectively, at a 10 g/L adsorbent dose. Six isothermal models (Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, Temkin, DR, and Hill) fit the experimental data to describe the adsorption process. Freundlich best fit the experimental data suggesting physisorption. Despite showing slightly lower Qexp than LR, LR-NP provides a feasible manner to remove the Cr(VI)-containing biosorbent from the medium after sorption given its magnetic characteristic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Caliman Soares
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Thais Eduarda Abilio
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Julia Cristina José
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Geórgia Labuto
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
- Laboratory of Integrated Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, 09913-030, Brazil
| | - Elma Neide Vasconcelos Martins Carrilho
- Laboratory of Polymeric Materials and Biosorbents, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
- Departamento de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Matemática e Educação, Araras, SP, 13600-970, Brazil.
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178
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Liang L, Li X, Li H, Peng X, Zhang R, Tang W, Dong Y, Tang Y. Intercropping affects the physiology and cadmium absorption of pakchoi, lettuce, and radish seedlings. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:4744-4753. [PMID: 35972656 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Intercropping can affect the growth and elemental absorption of vegetables. This study investigated the physiology and cadmium (Cd) content of pakchoi (Brassica chinensis L.), lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. ramosa Hort.), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seedlings under monoculture, mutual intercropping of two or three varieties. Intercropping is not conducive to the accumulation of chlorophyll and biomass content of pakchoi, lettuce, and radish. When three seedlings were intercropped together, the antioxidant enzyme activity of pakchoi, lettuce, and radish increased and the content of malondialdehyde decreased, except that the superoxide dismutase activity of radish is inferior to the value of radish and pakchoi intercropping. Intercropping increased the soluble sugar and proline content in the lettuce seedlings, while those in the radish and lettuce seedlings reduced or had no significant effect. When intercropped with pakchoi and lettuce, the Cd content in the roots and shoots of pakchoi is higher and lower, respectively. At the same time, root or shoot bio-concentration factors also performed the same trend, and TF was the smallest and less than 1; however, the TF of lettuce is greater than 1. When intercropping with pakchoi or lettuce separately or together, it promoted the accumulation of Cd in radish root; when intercropping with pakchoi, the value of TF was the smallest. From the antioxidant system, the performance of the three seedlings intercropped together is better than the two; however, the accumulation of Cd shows the opposite trend, and the participation of cabbage in the intercropping is relatively conducive to reducing the Cd content in the edible parts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Liang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- Rice and Sorghum Research Institue, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Deyang, Sichuan, China
- Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Variety Improvement Key Laboratory of Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Huanxiu Li
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xuemei Peng
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wanjia Tang
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiping Dong
- College of Horticulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Tang
- Institute of Pomology and Olericulture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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179
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Dhal SB, Mahanta S, Gumero J, O’Sullivan N, Soetan M, Louis J, Gadepally KC, Mahanta S, Lusher J, Kalafatis S. An IoT-Based Data-Driven Real-Time Monitoring System for Control of Heavy Metals to Ensure Optimal Lettuce Growth in Hydroponic Set-Ups. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:451. [PMID: 36617048 PMCID: PMC9824838 DOI: 10.3390/s23010451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal concentrations that must be maintained in aquaponic environments for plant growth have been a source of concern for many decades, as they cannot be completely eliminated in a commercial set-up. Our goal was to create a low-cost real-time smart sensing and actuation system for controlling heavy metal concentrations in aquaponic solutions. Our solution entails sensing the nutrient concentrations in the hydroponic solution, specifically calcium, sulfate, and phosphate, and sending them to a Machine Learning (ML) model hosted on an Android application. The ML algorithm used in this case was a Linear Support Vector Machine (Linear-SVM) trained on top three nutrient predictors chosen after applying a pipeline of Feature Selection methods namely a pairwise correlation matrix, ExtraTreesClassifier and Xgboost classifier on a dataset recorded from three aquaponic farms from South-East Texas. The ML algorithm was then hosted on a cloud platform which would then output the maximum tolerable levels of iron, copper and zinc in real time using the concentration of phosphorus, calcium and sulfur as inputs and would be controlled using an array of dispensing and detecting equipments in a closed loop system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambandh Bhusan Dhal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shikhadri Mahanta
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jonathan Gumero
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Nick O’Sullivan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Morayo Soetan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Julia Louis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Snehadri Mahanta
- Department of Dairy Technology, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, India
| | - John Lusher
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Stavros Kalafatis
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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180
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Kim J, Shin YK, Nam Y, Lee JG, Lee JH. Optical monitoring of the plant growth status using polarimetry. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21841. [PMID: 36528722 PMCID: PMC9759557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarimetry is a powerful characterization technique that uses a wealth of information from electromagnetic waves, including polarization. Using the rich information provided by polarimetry, it is being actively studied in biomedical fields such as cancer and tumor diagnosis. Despite its importance and potential in agriculture, polarimetry for living plants has not been well studied. A Stokes polarimetric imaging system was built to determine the correlation between the polarization states of the light passing through the leaf and the growth states of lettuce. The Stokes parameter s3 associated with circular polarization increased over time and was strongly correlated with the growth of lettuce seedlings. In the statistical analysis, the distribution of s3 followed the generalized extreme value (GEV) probability density function. Salt stress retarded plant growth, and the concentration of treated sodium chloride (NaCl) showed a negative correlation with the location parameter μ of GEV. The clear correlation reported here will open the possibility of polarization measurements on living plants, enabling real-time monitoring of plant health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongyoon Kim
- Division of Electronics Engineering, Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Yu Kyeong Shin
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Yunsu Nam
- Division of Electronics Engineering, Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Jun Gu Lee
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
- Core Research Institute of Intelligent Robots, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
- Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea
| | - Ji-Hoon Lee
- Division of Electronics Engineering, Future Semiconductor Convergence Technology Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Korea.
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181
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Zhang RH, Xie Y, Zhou G, Li Z, Ye A, Huang X, Xie Y, Shi L, Cao X, Zhang J, Lin C. The effects of short-term, long-term, and reapplication of biochar on the remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soil. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 248:114316. [PMID: 36423369 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar, a cost-effective amendment, has been reported to play pivotal roles in improving soil fertility and immobilizing soil pollutants due to its well-developed porous structure and tunable functionality. However, the properties of biochar and soils can vary inconsistently after field application. This may affect the remediation of biochar on heavy metal (HM)-contaminated soil being altered. Therefore, we selected lettuce as a model crop to determine the effects of short-term, long-term, and reapplication of biochar on soil physicochemical properties, microbial community, HM bioavailability, and plant toxicity. Our investigation revealed that the long-term application of biochar remarkably improved soil fertility, increased the relative abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria which was highly resistant to HMs, and reduced the abundance of phylum Acidobacteria. These changes in soil properties decreased the accumulation of Cd and Pb in lettuce tissues. The short- and long-term applications of biochar had no substantial effects on biomass, quality, and photosynthesis of lettuce. Moreover, the short-term and reapplication of biochar had no significant effects on soil bacterial communities but decreased the accumulation of Cd and Pb in lettuce tissues. It showed that the changes in the physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil after long-term application of biochar promoted the remediation of HM-contaminated soil. Furthermore, microbial community compositions varied with metal stress and biochar application, while the relative abundance of the phylum Actinobacteria in HM-contaminated soil with long-term biochar application was markedly higher than in HM-contaminated soil without biochar application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Hua Zhang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China.
| | - Yanlan Xie
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Guolin Zhou
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China.
| | - Zhiguo Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Anhua Ye
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China
| | - Xingxue Huang
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China
| | - Yanfeng Xie
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China
| | - Lingfang Shi
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiupeng Cao
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China; College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Junhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Chufa Lin
- Institute of Vegetable Research, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430045, China
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182
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Barra Caracciolo A, Visca A, Rauseo J, Spataro F, Garbini GL, Grenni P, Mariani L, Mazzurco Miritana V, Massini G, Patrolecco L. Bioaccumulation of antibiotics and resistance genes in lettuce following cattle manure and digestate fertilization and their effects on soil and phyllosphere microbial communities. Environ Pollut 2022; 315:120413. [PMID: 36243186 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The degradation and bioaccumulation of selected antibiotics such as the sulfonamide sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and the fluoroquinolones enrofloxacin (ENR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP) were investigated in soil microcosm experiments where Lactuca sativa was grown with manure or digestate (1%) and spiked with a mixture of the three antibiotics (7.5 mg/kg each). The soil, rhizosphere and leaf phyllosphere were sampled (at 0 and 46 days) from each microcosm to analyze the antibiotic concentrations, main resistance genes (sul1, sul2, qnrS, aac-(6')-Ib-crand qepA), the intI1and tnpA mobile genetic elements and the microbial community structure.Overall results showed that SMX and CIP decreased (70-85% and 55-79%, respectively), and ENR was quite persistent during the 46-day experiment. In plant presence, CIP and ENR were partially up-taken from soil to plant. In fact the bioaccumulation factors were > 1, with higher values in manure than digestate amended soils. The most abundant gene in soil was sul2 in digestate- and aac-(6')-Ib-cr in the manure-amended microcosms. In soil, neither sulfamethoxazole-resistance (sul1 and sul2), nor fluoroquinolone-resistance (aac-(6')-Ib-cr, qepA and qnrS) gene abundances were correlated with any antibiotic concentration. On the contrary, in lettuce leaves, the aac-(6')-Ib-cr gene was the most abundant, in accordance with the fluoroquinolone bioaccumulation. Finally, digestate stimulated a higher soil microbial biodiversity, introducing and promoting more bacterial genera associated with antibiotic degradation and involved in soil fertility and decreased fluoroquinolone bioaccumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Visca
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy.
| | - Jasmin Rauseo
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Spataro
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Garbini
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Grenni
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Mariani
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Mazzurco Miritana
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy; Department of Energy Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Massini
- Water Research Institute - National Research Council (IRSA-CNR), Rome, Italy; Department of Energy Technologies, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (ENEA), Rome, Italy
| | - Luisa Patrolecco
- Institute of Polar Sciences, National Research Council (ISP-CNR), Rome, Italy
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183
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Woodward EE, Hladik ML, Main AR, Cahn M, Orlando JL, Teerlink J. Comparing imidacloprid, clothianidin, and azoxystrobin runoff from lettuce fields using a soil drench or treated seeds in the Salinas Valley, California. Environ Pollut 2022; 315:120325. [PMID: 36228859 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neonicotinoid insecticide use has increased over the last decade, including as agricultural seed treatments (application of chemical in a coating to the seed prior to planting). In California, multiple crops, including lettuce, can be grown using neonicotinoid treated seeds or receive a direct neonicotinoid soil application (drenching) at planting. Using research plots, this study compared pesticide runoff in four treatments: (1) imidacloprid seed treatment; (2) clothianidin seed treatment; (3) imidacloprid drench and an azoxystrobin seed treatment; and (4) a control with no pesticidal treatment. Neonicotinoid and azoxystrobin concentrations were measured in surface water runoff during six irrigations events in the 2020 growing seasons. Results showed runoff concentrations up to 1308 (±1200) ng L-1 for imidacloprid drench treatment, 431 (±100) ng L-1 for clothianidin seed treatment, 135 (±60) ng L-1 for imidacloprid seed treatment, and 13 (±10) ng L-1 for azoxystrobin seed treatment (treatments averaged). The percent of applied mass in runoff over the entire sampling period varied by compound; the imidacloprid seed treatment and drench were similar (0.015 and 0.019%, respectively) to the clothianidin seed treatment (0.036%) while the azoxystrobin seed treatment was much higher (15%). Although the proportion of imidacloprid in runoff was similar for imidacloprid treatments, the mass applied during soil drench was > 4x the amount applied from the imidacloprid seed treatment. Surface soils were collected before planting and at the end of the trial. The neonicotinoids were detected in soil throughout the study and average maximum concentrations were 9-13 ng g-1; azoxystrobin was detected in only two soils at concentrations up to 0.57 ng g-1. These results elucidate the comparative mass runoff resulting from planting treated seed and soil drench applications and highlight the value of additional work to characterize off-site transport from the many commodities that may be utilizing treated seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily E Woodward
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA.
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Anson R Main
- California Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
| | - Michael Cahn
- University of California, Cooperative Extension, Monterey County, Salinas, CA, 93901, USA
| | - James L Orlando
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Jennifer Teerlink
- California Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento, CA, 95814, USA
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184
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Nouaze JC, Kim JH, Jeon GR, Kim JH. Monitoring of Indoor Farming of Lettuce Leaves for 16 Hours Using Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Double-Shell Model (DSM). Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:9671. [PMID: 36560040 PMCID: PMC9788501 DOI: 10.3390/s22249671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
An electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) experiment was performed using a double-shell electrical model to investigate the feasibility of detecting physiological changes in lettuce leaves over 16 h. Four lettuce plants were used, and the impedance spectra of the leaves were measured five times per plant every hour at frequencies of 500 Hz and 300 kHz. Estimated R-C parameters were computed, and the results show that the lettuce leaves closely fit the double-shell model (DSM). The average resistance ratios of R1 = 10.66R4 and R1 = 3.34R2 show high resistance in the extracellular fluid (ECF). A rapid increase in resistance (R1, R2, and R4) and a decrease in capacitance (C3 and C5) during water uptake were observed. In contrast, a gradual decrease in resistance and an increase in capacitance were observed while the LED light was on. Comparative studies of leaf physiology and electrical value changes support the idea that EIS is a great technique for the early monitoring of plant growth for crop production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Christian Nouaze
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- CAS Corporation, Headquarters, R&D Center, Yangju 11415, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hyung Kim
- Corporate R&D Center, Hanwool Bio, Yangsan 50561, Republic of Korea
| | - Gye Rok Jeon
- Exsolit Research Center, Yangsan 50561, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Kim
- Department of Electronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
- Exsolit Research Center, Yangsan 50561, Republic of Korea
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185
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Wang Y, Xiang L, Wang F, Wang Z, Bian Y, Gu C, Wen X, Kengara FO, Schäffer A, Jiang X, Xing B. Positively Charged Microplastics Induce Strong Lettuce Stress Responses from Physiological, Transcriptomic, and Metabolomic Perspectives. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:16907-16918. [PMID: 36354282 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) can enter plants through the foliar pathway and are potential hazards to ecosystems and human health. However, studies related to the molecular mechanisms underlying the impact of foliar exposure to differently charged MPs to leafy vegetables are limited. Because the surfaces of MPs in the environment are often charged, we explored the uptake pathways, accumulation concentration of MPs, physiological responses, and molecular mechanisms of lettuce foliarly exposed to MPs carrying positive (MP+) and negative charges (MP-). MPs largely accumulated in the lettuce leaves, and stomatal uptake and cuticle entry could be the main pathways for MPs to get inside lettuce leaves. More MP+ entered lettuce leaves and induced physiological, transcriptomic, and metabolomic changes, including a decrease in biomass and photosynthetic pigments, an increase in reactive oxygen species and antioxidant activities, a differential expression of genes, and a change of metabolite profiles. In particular, MP+ caused the upregulation of circadian rhythm-related genes, and this may play a major role in the greater physiological toxicity of MP+ to lettuce, compared to MP-. These findings provide direct evidence that MPs can enter plant leaves following foliar exposure and a molecular-scale perspective on the response of leafy vegetables to differently charged MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leilei Xiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Ziquan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yongrong Bian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chenggang Gu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Wen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | | | - Andreas Schäffer
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52074, Germany
| | - Xin Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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186
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Wang M, Chen Z, Chen D, Liu L, Hamid Y, Zhang S, Shan A, Kang KJ, Feng Y, Yang X. Combined cadmium and fluorine inhibit lettuce growth through reducing root elongation, photosynthesis, and nutrient absorption. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:91255-91267. [PMID: 35882734 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and fluorine (F) often coexist in environment and are toxic to organisms; however, their combined effects on plants are still not well documented. In this study, the co-effects of Cd and F on germination, biomass, photosynthesis, and nutrients uptake of lettuce were carried out in hydroponic culture. The results showed that the seed germination and seedling biomass decreased with an increase in Cd and F supplementation. The root morphology verified these effects as excess combined Cd and F diminished the root tips and surface area of lettuce, while single Cd and F inhibited the growth by decreasing root length and average diameter, respectively. These effects were also consistence with a reduction in photosynthesis which was mainly regulated by reducing the quantum yield of PS II, electron transport activity, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration, and transpiration rate in response to the pollutants. Moreover, when lettuce exposed to Cd and F stress, the accumulation of several essential elements in shoot decreased. In a sum, the synergistic negative effects of Cd and F on the seed germination and seedling growth of lettuce were observed, and these might be owed to nutrient absorption and translocation in the plant. These findings aid in understanding the harmful effects and specific mechanisms of action of Cd and F on plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhiqin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yasir Hamid
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shijun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anqi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kyong Ju Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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187
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Mosavat SH, Mirzaei HR, Mofid B, Gharehgozlou R, Parvizi MM, Bradley R, Pasalar M, Heydarirad G. Efficacy of lettuce seed syrup on insomnia in patients with breast cancer: a pilot double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial. J Complement Integr Med 2022; 19:999-1005. [PMID: 34455726 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2021-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insomnia and sleep disorders are common and can be severe amongst patients with cancer, especially during chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of lettuce seed syrup in breast cancer patients who suffer from insomnia or disordered sleep. METHODS This pilot study was a double-blinded randomized controlled clinical trial conducted in Shoha-e-Tajrish Hospital (Tehran, Iran) from September 2018 to June 2019. 50 adult patients with breast cancer with insomnia or sleep disorders were enrolled. Participants were randomly allocated to lettuce seed syrup (5 mL twice daily), or placebo syrup at the same dose for four weeks. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate sleep quality before and after the intervention. RESULTS Compared to placebo, the mean of the total PSQI score decreased significantly in participants who received lettuce seed syrup (p=0.014). In addition, there were statistically significant reductions in the mean scores of subject quality sleep (p=0.002), sleep duration (p=0.038), habitual sleep efficacy (p=0.029) and sleep disturbance (p=0.032) in patients who received lettuce seed syrup. CONCLUSIONS Lettuce seed syrup may improve self-reported sleep quality in participants with breast cancer. Larger trials are indicated in diverse samples of participants with caner to learn if these finds are generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Hamdollah Mosavat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavior Science, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Mirzaei
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahram Mofid
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Shohada-e-Tajrish Medical Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Gharehgozlou
- Cancer Research Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Shohadae Tajrish Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Parvizi
- Molecular Dermatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ryan Bradley
- Helfgott Research Institute, National University of Natural Medicine, Portland, USA
| | - Mehdi Pasalar
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Heydarirad
- Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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188
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Navarro‐León E, López‐Moreno FJ, Borda E, Marín C, Sierras N, Blasco B, Ruiz JM. Effect of l-amino acid-based biostimulants on nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in lettuce plants. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:7098-7106. [PMID: 35778944 PMCID: PMC9796150 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biostimulants are increasingly integrated into production systems with the goal of modifying physiological processes in plants to optimize productivity. Specifically, l-α-amino acid-based biostimulants enhance plant productivity through improved photosynthesis and increased assimilation of essential nutrients such as nitrogen (N). This element is a major component of fertilizers, which usually are applied in excess. Thus, the inefficient use of N fertilizers has generated a serious environmental pollution issue. The use of biostimulants has the potential to address problems related to N fertilization. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyze whether two biostimulants based on l-α-amino acid (Terra Sorb® radicular and Terramin® Pro) designed by Bioiberica, S.A.U company can compensate deficient N fertilization and test its effect on lettuce plants. Growth, photosynthetic, N accumulation, and N use efficiency (NUE) parameters were analyzed on lettuce leaves. RESULTS Results showed that regardless of N fertilization, the use of both biostimulants, especially Terramin® Pro, increased biomass production. Moreover, both biostimulants enhanced photosynthetic, NO3 - and total N accumulations as well as NUE parameters. CONCLUSION Therefore, Terra Sorb® radicular and Terramin® Pro constitute a useful tool for crops development in N-limiting areas, and in intensive agricultural areas without N deficiency allowing the reduction of N inputs without impairing crop yields and reducing environmental impact. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Navarro‐León
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | | | | | | | | | - Begoña Blasco
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain
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189
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Matamoros V, Casas ME, Pastor E, Tadić Đ, Cañameras N, Carazo N, Bayona JM. Effects of tetracycline, sulfonamide, fluoroquinolone, and lincosamide load in pig slurry on lettuce: Agricultural and human health implications. Environ Res 2022; 215:114237. [PMID: 36084673 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The application of pig slurry as fertilizer in agriculture provides nutrients, but it can also contain veterinary medicines, including antibiotic residues (ABs), which can have an ecotoxicological impact on agroecosystems. Furthermore, uptake, translocation, and accumulation of ABs in crops can mobilize them throughout the food chain. This greenhouse study aims to assess AB uptake from soil fertilized with pig slurry and its phenotypical effects on Lactuca sativa L. The plants were cropped in loamy clay soil dosed at 140 kg total N/ha and containing antibiotics (lincomycin, sulfadiazine, oxytetracycline, and enrofloxacin) at different concentration levels (0, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg fresh weight, fw). Whereas sulfadiazine (11.8 ng/g fw) was detected in lettuce leaves at the intermediate doses (0.5 mg/kg), lincomycin and its transformation products (hydroxy/sulfate) were only detected at the 50 mg/kg fw dose. In addition, increased AB doses in the pig slurry resulted in decreased lettuce fresh weight and lipid and carbohydrate content and became lethal to lettuce at the highest AB concentrations (500 mg/kg fw). Nevertheless, even at higher doses, the AB content in lettuce following pig-slurry fertilization did not pose any direct significant human health risk (total hazard quotient<0.01). However, the promotion of antimicrobial resistance in humans due to the intake of these vegetables cannot be ruled out.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Matamoros
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - M Escolà Casas
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Pastor
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Đ Tadić
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Cañameras
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - N Carazo
- Department of Agri-Food Engineering and Biotechnology DEAB-UPC, Esteve Terrades 8, Building 4, Castelldefels, Spain
| | - J M Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, C/Jordi Girona, 18-26, E-08034, Barcelona, Spain
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190
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Collado-González J, Piñero MC, Otalora G, López-Marín J, del Amor FM. Assessing optimal nitrate/ ammonium- ratios in baby-leaf lettuce to enhance the heat stress tolerance under elevated CO2 conditions. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278309. [PMID: 36449498 PMCID: PMC9710774 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the interest on baby-leaf lettuce has grown steadily, because it is richer in bioactive compounds than other traditional vegetables. However, the quality of lettuce is being increasingly affected by climate change. It is very rare for a climatic effect to occur in isolation. Even then, a large body of work has only focused on the effect of isolated heat stress, fertilization, and elevated CO2, on morphological, physiological and biochemical parameters. Thus, very few works have focused on how the combination of several of these factors can affect these parameters. For first time, the present work studied the combined effect derived from the application of two different levels of CO2 (400 and 1000 ppm of CO2), four different NO3-/ NH4+ ratios (100/0 (T-I), 100/0 before the short-term heat stress and finally without NO3- (T-II), 80/20 (T-III) and 50/50 (T-IV)), and a short-term heat stress (25 and 43°C), on some physiological and quality parameters (dry biomass, photosynthetic parameters, pigments content, lipid peroxidation and total soluble proteins content) of baby-leaf lettuce cv Derbi. Additionally, a comparison of that combined effect of all these parameters between inner and outer leaves was also performed. The results obtained indicated that the interaction between the nutrient solution containing a 50/50 NO3-/ NH4+ ratio and a high concentration of CO2 (1000 ppm) improved the biomass, photosynthesis, intercellular/external CO2 concentration ratio (ci/ca), stomatal conductance (gs), evapotranspiration (E) and lipid peroxidation, and protein content in this baby-leaf lettuce. The results obtained in this work lead us to conclude that this existing interaction between the NO3-/ NH4+ ratio and the elevated CO2 concentration may be considered as a new strategy for making baby-leaf lettuce more resistant to heat stress, in other words, stronger against the ever more frequent heat waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacinta Collado-González
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Piñero
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
| | - Ginés Otalora
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
| | - Josefa López-Marín
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco M. del Amor
- Department of Crop Production and Agri-Technology, Murcia Institute of Agri-Food Research and Development (IMIDA), Murcia, Spain
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191
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Chen X, Guo T, Yang H, Zhang L, Xue Y, Wang R, Fan X, Sun S. Environmentally friendly preparation of lignin/paraffin/epoxy resin composite-coated urea and evaluation for nitrogen efficiency in lettuce. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 221:1130-1141. [PMID: 36113589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.09.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel lignin/paraffin/epoxy resin composite coated urea (LPECCU) was successfully prepared. Paraffin and epoxy resin (ER) were used to improve the slow-release properties of the lignin-based polyurethane (LPU) coated urea. The relationships among the N release characteristics, liquid-solid rate, -CNO/-OH molar rate and film formation rate in the coating material of LPECCU were investigated. The results showed that the water contact angle (WCA) of the LPU-paraffin increased with the rate of liquid-solid rate (73.61-88.19°) and -CNO/-OH molar rate (65.17-82.24°) increased. The average particle hardness of LPECCU decreased with the increased of liquid-solid rate (57.10-66.80 N) and the reduced of -CNO/-OH molar rate (48.11-63.00 N). The LPECCU emerged compact micro-structure, low sustained release and high compressive resistance by adding paraffin and ER. The coating material of LPECCU appeared excellent biodegradability in the soil. The optimal N cumulative release rate (72.49 %) of LPECCU was obtained (liquid-solid rate of 1.43, -CNO/-OH molar rate of 2, and the film formation rate of 6.66 %). The lettuce growth study was conducted to further evaluate the pot application of the LPECCU. In comparison to conventional urea, LPECCU could improve the total dry matter accumulation and N use efficiency of the lettuce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Tao Guo
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Huchen Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Lidan Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Yunna Xue
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Rongfeng Wang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China
| | - Shaolong Sun
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510642, China.
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192
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Kirchner M, Everhart S, Doring L, Smits C, Faircloth J, Duong M, Goulter RM, Goodson L, Shelley L, Shumaker ET, Cates S, Bernstein C, Lavallee A, Jaykus LA, Chapman B, Schaffner D. Cross-Contamination to Surfaces in Consumer Kitchens with MS2 as a Tracer Organism in Ground Turkey Patties. J Food Prot 2022; 85:1594-1603. [PMID: 36084112 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-22-060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT It is estimated that one in five cases of foodborne illnesses is acquired in the home. However, how pathogens move throughout a kitchen environment when consumers are preparing food is not well characterized. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and degree of cross-contamination across a variety of kitchen surfaces during a consumer meal preparation event. Consumers (n = 371) prepared a meal consisting of turkey patties containing the bacteriophage MS2 as a tracer organism and a ready-to-eat lettuce salad. Half were shown a video on proper thermometer use before the trial. After meal preparation, environmental sampling and detection were performed to assess cross-contamination with MS2. For most surfaces, positivity did not exceed 20%, with the exception of spice containers, for which 48% of the samples showed evidence of MS2 cross-contamination. Spice containers also had the highest MS2 concentrations, at a mean exceeding 6 log viral genome equivalent copies per surface. The high level of MS2 on spice containers drove the significant differences between surfaces, suggesting the significance of spice containers as a vehicle for cross-contamination, despite the absence of previous reports to this effect. The thermometer safety intervention did not affect cross-contamination. The efficiency of MS2 transfer, when expressed as a percentage, was relatively low, ranging from an average of 0.002 to 0.07%. Quantitative risk assessment work using these data would aid in further understanding the significance of cross-contamination frequency and efficiency. Overall, these data will help create more targeted consumer messaging to better influence consumer cross-contamination behaviors. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Kirchner
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Schaub Hall #339E, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Savana Everhart
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Schaub Hall #339E, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Lindsey Doring
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Schaub Hall #339E, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Caitlin Smits
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Schaub Hall #339E, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Jeremy Faircloth
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Schaub Hall #339E, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Minh Duong
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Schaub Hall #339E, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Rebecca M Goulter
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Schaub Hall #339E, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Lydia Goodson
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, 4101 Beryl Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Lisa Shelley
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, 4101 Beryl Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Ellen Thomas Shumaker
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, 4101 Beryl Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Sheryl Cates
- RTI International, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | | | - Aaron Lavallee
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Office of Public Affairs and Consumer Education, 1400 Independence Avenue, S.W., Washington, DC 20250
| | - Lee-Ann Jaykus
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, 400 Dan Allen Drive, Schaub Hall #339E, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606
| | - Benjamin Chapman
- Department of Agricultural and Human Sciences, North Carolina State University, 4101 Beryl Road, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Don Schaffner
- Department of Food Science, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08901, USA
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193
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Yamori N, Levine CP, Mattson NS, Yamori W. Optimum root zone temperature of photosynthesis and plant growth depends on air temperature in lettuce plants. Plant Mol Biol 2022; 110:385-395. [PMID: 35169910 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-022-01249-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The present study clearly showed that the optimum root zone temperature of photosynthesis and plant growth was affected by air temperature, and that optimization of root zone temperature depending on an air growth temperature by cooling systems could lead to improvement of plant production. Temperature is one of the critical factors affecting plant growth and yield production. Both air and root zone temperatures can strongly affect growth and development of plants. However, studies on the effects of root zone temperature on plant growth parameters along with air temperature are still limited. In the present study, the effects of air and root zone temperature on plant growth, physiological parameters and photosynthetic characteristics of lettuce plants were investigated to optimize the air and root zone temperature to achieve the best growth conditions for lettuce plants. Two air temperature treatments (30/25 and 25/20 °C at day/night temperature) and five root zone temperature treatments (15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 °C) were applied in this study. The present study showed that the maximum plant growth of lettuce plants was higher in air temperatures at 30/25 °C than in 25/20 °C. When the plants were grown at an air temperature of 30/25 °C, the optimum root zone temperature appeared to be 30 °C. However, when the plants were grown at an air temperature of 25/20 °C, the optimum root temperature decreased and appeared to be 25 °C. Furthermore, plants grown under air temperature of 30/25 °C showed greater CO2 assimilation rate, stomatal conductance, electron transport rate (ETR) at high light, and lower non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) at high light than those of 25/20 °C. These results suggest that it is necessary to control and adjust the root zone temperature based on the air temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namiko Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Japan
| | | | - Neil S Mattson
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Wataru Yamori
- Institute for Sustainable Agro-Ecosystem Services, The University of Tokyo, Nishitokyo, Japan.
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194
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Qvarforth A, Lundgren M, Rodushkin I, Engström E, Paulukat C, Hough RL, Moreno-Jiménez E, Beesley L, Trakal L, Augustsson A. Future food contaminants: An assessment of the plant uptake of Technology-critical elements versus traditional metal contaminants. Environ Int 2022; 169:107504. [PMID: 36122458 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Technology-critical elements (TCEs) include most rare earth elements (REEs), the platinum group elements (PGEs), and Ga, Ge, In, Nb, Ta, Te, and Tl. Despite increasing recognition of their prolific release into the environment, their soil to plant transfer remains largely unknown. This paper provides an approximation of the potential for plant uptake by calculating bioconcentration factors (BCFs), defined as the concentration in edible vegetable tissues relative to that in cultivation soil. Here data were obtained from an indoor cultivation experiment growing lettuce, chard, and carrot on 22 different European urban soils. Values of BCFs were determined from concentrations of TCEs in vegetable samples after digestion with concentrated HNO3, and from concentrations in soil determined after 1) Aqua Regia digestion and, 2) diluted (0.1 M) HNO3 leaching. For comparison, BCFs were also determined for 5 traditional metal contaminants (TMCs; As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn). The main conclusions of the study were that: 1)BCF values for the REEs were consistently low in the studied vegetables;2)the BCFs for Ga and Nb were low as well;3) the BCFs for Tl were high relative to the other measured TCEs and the traditional metal contaminants; and 4) mean BCF values for the investigated TCEs were generally highest in chard and lowest in carrot. These findings provide initial evidence that there are likely to be real and present soil-plant transfer of TCEs, especially in the case of Tl. Improvements in analytical methods and detection limits will allow this to be further investigated in a wider variety of edible plants so that a risk profile may be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Qvarforth
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - M Lundgren
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - I Rodushkin
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - E Engström
- Division of Geosciences and Environmental Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden; ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - C Paulukat
- ALS Laboratory Group, ALS Scandinavia AB, Luleå, Sweden
| | - R L Hough
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E Moreno-Jiménez
- Univ Autonoma Madrid, Fac Sci, Dept Agr & Food Chem, Madrid, Spain; Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany; Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Beesley
- The James Hutton Institute, Craigiebuckler, Aberdeen, UK; Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Trakal
- Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Augustsson
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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195
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Mondaca P, Valenzuela P, Quiroz W, Valdenegro M, Abades S, Celis-Diez JL. Environmental conditions and plant physiology modulate Cu phytotoxicity in field-contaminated soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 246:114179. [PMID: 36244170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Foliar Cu concentration has been widely used as a biomarker of plant growth in phytotoxicity bioassays. This relation has helped find plant processes altered by Cu in dose-response experiments (a bivariate approach). However, when plants are grown in field conditions, their responses can vary in function of multiple variables, such as the environment, plant physiology, and other elements in plant (plant ionome). These sources of variability are commonly unreported, which could limit bioassays' utility. Thus, the present study aimed to assess and integrate the mentioned sources of variability on Cu phytotoxicity. Lettuce was used as plant model. Lettuces were grown in growth chambers with contrasting light and air humidity conditions and on two different field-contaminated soils (sandy and loamy soils). Results showed that environmental conditions significantly affected foliar Cu and plant growth, but this effect differed in the two studied soils. Foliar Cu was not a good biomarker of plant growth. In contrast, integrating the potential phytotoxicity effect with the plant's nutritional status allowed a better understanding of plant growth. We remarked on using a structural equation modeling approach (SEM) to integrate plant physiology and plant ionome as moderators of plant growth. Results showed that plant growth was primarily related to plant nutritional status rather than Cu phytotoxicity. Also, the foliar Cu concentration would affect plant nutritional status due to photosynthesis-related plant processes and cation balance. Finally, this research invites to state and include sources of variability when assessing phytotoxicity. This way, it is possible to advance toward understanding complex linked processes occurring in field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Mondaca
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Valenzuela
- Departamento de Sistemas y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Waldo Quiroz
- Instituto de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Monika Valdenegro
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián Abades
- GEMA Center for Genomics, Ecology & Environment, Facultad de Ciencias, Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan L Celis-Diez
- Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Chile; Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Chile.
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196
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Vasco E, Dias MG, Oliveira L. The first harmonised total diet study in Portugal: Nitrate occurrence and exposure assessment. Food Chem 2022; 392:133152. [PMID: 35671610 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A harmonised TDS methodology was used to assess the Portuguese population's nitrate baseline dietary exposure and the risk of exceeding the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). Nitrate occurrence in 164 TDS samples pooled based on 20 FoodEx2 groups, representative of 18 to 75 years old population diet, was determined using UV-HPLC. The 'vegetables' group had the highest mean nitrate concentration (353 mg/kg), followed by 'starchy roots' (62 mg/kg), 'composite dishes' (53 mg/kg) and 'fruits' (46 mg/kg). Lettuce contained the most nitrates (1729 mg/kg). The estimated mean nitrate exposure of 1.17 mg/kg bw/day, with 3.18% of individuals exceeding the ADI, was assessed on a semi-probabilistic approach using the MCRA software. Lettuce (28%) contributed most to nitrate exposure followed by vegetable soup (13%). Processed meat contribution to exposure was 0.86% and 2.44% (overall population and consumers only). At population level the nitrate estimated exposure (mean and 95th percentile) revealed no reason for concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa Vasco
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal.
| | - M Graça Dias
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal
| | - Luísa Oliveira
- Food and Nutrition Department, National Institute of Health Doctor Ricardo Jorge, IP (INSA), Portugal
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197
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Eshkabilov S, Stenger J, Knutson EN, Küçüktopcu E, Simsek H, Lee CW. Hyperspectral Image Data and Waveband Indexing Methods to Estimate Nutrient Concentration on Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) Cultivars. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:8158. [PMID: 36365856 PMCID: PMC9657853 DOI: 10.3390/s22218158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Lettuce is an important vegetable in the human diet and is commonly consumed for salad. It is a source of vitamin A, which plays a vital role in human health. Improvements in lettuce production will be needed to ensure a stable and economically available supply in the future. The influence of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) compounds on the growth dynamics of four hydroponically grown lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars (Black Seeded Simpson, Parris Island, Rex RZ, and Tacitus) in tubs and in a nutrient film technique (NFT) system were studied. Hyperspectral images (HSI) were captured at plant harvest. Models developed from the HSI data were used to estimate nutrient levels of leaf tissues by employing principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression (PLSR), multivariate regression, and variable importance projection (VIP) methods. The optimal wavebands were found in six regions, including 390.57-438.02, 497-550, 551-600, 681.34-774, 802-821, and 822-838 nm for tub-grown lettuces and four regions, namely 390.57-438.02, 497-550, 551-600, and 681.34-774 nm for NFT-system-grown lettuces. These fitted models' levels showed high accuracy (R2=0.85-0.99) in estimating the growth dynamics of the studied lettuce cultivars in terms of nutrient content. HSI data of the lettuce leaves and applied N solutions demonstrated a direct positive correlation with an accuracy of 0.82-0.99 for blue and green regions in 400-575 nm wavebands. The results proved that, in most of the tested multivariate regression models, HSI data of freshly cut leaves correlated well with laboratory-measured data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulaymon Eshkabilov
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - John Stenger
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Elizabeth N. Knutson
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Erdem Küçüktopcu
- Department of Agricultural Structures and Irrigation, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun 55139, Turkey
| | - Halis Simsek
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Chiwon W. Lee
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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198
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Hwang JI, Kim JE. Uptake of endosulfan isomers from soils by leafy vegetable lettuce: A comparative study between model-predicted and field-experimented results. Sci Total Environ 2022; 844:157056. [PMID: 35780874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine insecticide endosulfan has been classified as a persistent organic pollutant due to its long persistence and high toxicity, and banned in most countries. However, endosulfan residues are still detected in various environmental sites (even in non-agricultural areas) and have a likelihood to return to agricultural soils through various routes. In this study, time-dependent uptake of α- and β-isomers of endosulfan by lettuce from soils was estimated using theoretical models which include parameters describing sorption/dissipation in soil and plants, plant transpiration, root-soil transfer, and plant growth. A chemical-specific residue (CSR) model developed in a previous study was used as a sub-model to estimate the portion of endosulfan residues in soils ready to be absorbed by lettuce, and the accuracy of the CSR model was verified by properly estimating concentrations of endosulfan isomers in soils with different organic matters; a low mean deviation (18.8 %) was observed between the modeled and measured values. Modeled results of β-endosulfan using a soil-lettuce uptake model satisfactorily matched the experimentally measured results, with a moderate correlation (R2 > 0.79) and a low residual error (0.42) against a mean factor of -1.04. However, the uptake model showed the low potential to predict the soil-lettuce uptake of α-endosulfan (176.3 % mean deviation), probably due to not considering an intrinsic trait of β-isomer converting to α-isomer. Although the improvement with more sophisticated parameters is needed, the plant uptake model developed in this study could be utilized to predict soil-lettuce uptake of at least β-endosulfan and as a model template that may apply for other types of plants and contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-In Hwang
- Department of Crop, Soil, and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
| | - Jang-Eok Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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199
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Yang R, Luo L, Zhao N, Guo F, Zhu M, Zan S, Yu T, Han FX, Huang J. Indigenous earthworms and gut bacteria are superior to chemical amendments in the remediation of cadmium-contaminated seleniferous soils. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 245:114122. [PMID: 36183425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The natural selenium (Se)-rich areas in China are generally characterized by high geological background of cadmium (Cd) which poses potential risks to human health. Therefore, immobilization of Cd is the prerequisite to ensure the safe utilization of natural seleniferous soil resources. A pot experiment was conducted to compare the effects of indigenous earthworm (Amynthas hupeiensis) and its gut bacteria (Citrobacter freundii DS strain) on the remediation of Cd-contaminated seleniferous soil with two traditional chemical amendments. The results indicated that earthworms and DS strain decreased DGT-extractable Cd by 25.52 - 41.53% and reduced Cd accumulation in lettuce leaves by 20.83 - 37.50% compared with control through converting the exchangeable Cd (EX-Cd) into residual Cd (RE-Cd) fractions. Overall, earthworms and DS strain were more effective in Cd immobilization, growth and quality promotion, oxidative stress alleviation, Cd accumulation and bioaccessibility reduction in the soil-lettuce-human continuum than biochar and lime. Moreover, all amendments induced the antagonism between Se and Cd through increasing bioavailable Se/Cd molar ratios in soil. However, all the Cd concentrations in lettuce exceeded the maximum permissible limit of Cd for leaf vegetables, indicating that soil amendment alone could not ensure food safety. This study confirmed that biological amendments were superior to chemical amendments in the remediation of Cd-contaminated seleniferous soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Yang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China.
| | - Linfeng Luo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fuyu Guo
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Meng Zhu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Shuting Zan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang Basin Co-founded by Anhui Province and Ministry of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China; Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Tianao Yu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
| | - Fengxiang X Han
- Jackson State University, Department of Chemistry, Physics and Atmospheric Sciences, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
| | - Jingxuan Huang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
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200
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Quarcoo G, Boamah Adomako LA, Abrahamyan A, Armoo S, Sylverken AA, Addo MG, Alaverdyan S, Jessani NS, Harries AD, Ahmed H, Banu RA, Borbor S, Akrong MO, Amonoo NA, Bekoe EMO, Osei-Atweneboana MY, Zachariah R. What Is in the Salad? Escherichia coli and Antibiotic Resistance in Lettuce Irrigated with Various Water Sources in Ghana. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:12722. [PMID: 36232021 PMCID: PMC9565013 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Safety of the environment in which vegetables are grown, marketed and consumed is paramount as most are eaten raw. Irrigation sources include open drains and streams, which are often contaminated with human and animal waste due to poor sanitation infrastructure. In irrigated vegetable farms using such sources in Ghana, we assessed Escherichia coli counts, antibiotic resistance patterns and resistant genes on irrigated lettuce. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted between January-May 2022, involving five major vegetable farms in Ghana. RESULTS Escherichia coli was found in all 25 composite lettuce samples analyzed. Counts expressed in CFU/g ranged from 186 to 3000, with the highest counts found in lettuce irrigated from open drains (1670) and tap water using hose pipes (3000). Among all bacterial isolates, resistance ranged between 49% and 70% for the Watch group of antibiotics, 59% for the Reserved group and 82% were multidrug-resistant. Of 125 isolates, 60 (48%) were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing, of which five (8%) had the blaTEM-resistant gene. CONCLUSIONS Lettuce was contaminated with Escherichia coli with high levels of antibiotic resistance. We call on the Ghana Ministry of Food and Agriculture, Food and Drugs Authority and other stakeholders to support farmers to implement measures for improving vegetable safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Quarcoo
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lady A. Boamah Adomako
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | | | - Samuel Armoo
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | - Augustina A. Sylverken
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Matthew Glover Addo
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Private Mail Bag, University Post Office, KNUST, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sevak Alaverdyan
- Tuberculosis Research and Prevention Center, Yerevan 0014, Armenia
| | - Nasreen S. Jessani
- Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Anthony D. Harries
- International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, 75001 Paris, France
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Hawa Ahmed
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | - Regina A. Banu
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | - Selorm Borbor
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | - Mark O. Akrong
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | - Nana A. Amonoo
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel M. O. Bekoe
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | - Mike Y. Osei-Atweneboana
- Council for Scientific and Industrial Research-Water Research Institute, Achimota P.O. Box AH 38, Ghana
| | - Rony Zachariah
- United Nations Children Fund, United Nations Development Programme, World Bank, World Health Organization, Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR) WHO, 20, Avenue Appia, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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