151
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Fan S, Yang Y, Sun L, Yu B, Dai C, Qu Y. Different toxicity to liver and gill of zebrafish by selenium nanoparticles derived from bio/chemical methods. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:61512-61521. [PMID: 35445301 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-20295-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With the wide application of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) in pharmaceutical fields, the toxicity assessment is of great significance. In this study, zebrafish were selected as model organisms to compare the toxicity of SeNPs derived from biological and chemical methods. The results showed that the size of bio-SeNPs was about 5-fold bigger than chem-SeNPs. When exposed to SeNPs for 96 h, LC50 of bio-SeNPs and chem-SeNPs was 1.668 mg/L and 0.699 mg/L, respectively. Compared with the control, the results showed a significant increase in oxidative toxicity index (P < 0.05), such as glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the liver, and gill in SeNPs-treated group. The neurotoxicity index, such as acetylcholinesterase (AchE) and Na+-K+-ATP enzyme activity, was significantly decreased both in the liver and gill (P < 0.05). It was found that the toxicity of bio-SeNPs to the liver and gill of zebrafish was lower than chem-SeNPs and the toxicity to the liver was higher than gill. In this study, the toxicity of chem-SeNPs and bio-SeNPs to the target organs of zebrafish were systematically evaluated, which provided the basis for the safe application of SeNPs synthesized by different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuling Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Bin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Chunxiao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China
| | - Yuanyuan Qu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education), School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, China.
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152
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Chen H, Qi H, Xiong P. Phycobiliproteins-A Family of Algae-Derived Biliproteins: Productions, Characterization and Pharmaceutical Potentials. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20070450. [PMID: 35877743 PMCID: PMC9318637 DOI: 10.3390/md20070450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Phycobiliproteins (PBPs) are colored and water-soluble biliproteins found in cyanobacteria, rhodophytes, cryptomonads and cyanelles. They are divided into three main types: allophycocyanin, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin, according to their spectral properties. There are two methods for PBPs preparation. One is the extraction and purification of native PBPs from Cyanobacteria, Cryptophyta and Rhodophyta, and the other way is the production of recombinant PBPs by heterologous hosts. Apart from their function as light-harvesting antenna in photosynthesis, PBPs can be used as food colorants, nutraceuticals and fluorescent probes in immunofluorescence analysis. An increasing number of reports have revealed their pharmaceutical potentials such as antioxidant, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. The advances in PBP biogenesis make it feasible to construct novel PBPs with various activities and produce recombinant PBPs by heterologous hosts at low cost. In this review, we present a critical overview on the productions, characterization and pharmaceutical potentials of PBPs, and discuss the key issues and future perspectives on the exploration of these valuable proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxin Chen
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Hongtao Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China;
| | - Peng Xiong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China;
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153
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Transdermal delivery is very important in pharmaceutics. However, the barrier function of the stratum corneum hinders drugs absorption. How to improve transdermal delivery efficiency is a hot topic. The key advantages of physical technologies are their wide application for the delivery of previously nonappropriate transdermal drugs, such as proteins, peptides, and hydrophilic drugs. Based on the improved permeation of drugs delivered via multiple physical techniques, many more diseases may be treated, and transdermal vaccinations become possible. However, their wider application depends on the related convenient and portable devices. Combined products comprising medicine and devices represent future commercial directions of artificial intelligence and 3D printing. METHODS A comprehensive search about transdermal delivery assisted by physical techniques has been carried out on Web of Science, EMBASE database, PubMed, Wanfang Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and Cochrane Library. The search identified and retrieved the study describing multiple physical technologies to promote transdermal penetration. RESULTS Physical technologies, including microneedles, lasers, iontophoresis, sonophoresis, electroporation, magnetophoresis, and microwaves, are summarized and compared. The characteristics, mechanism, advantages and disadvantages of physical techniques are clarified. The individual or combined applicable examples of physical techniques to improve transdermal delivery are summarized. CONCLUSION This review will provide more useful guidance for efficient transdermal delivery. More therapeutic agents by transdermal routes become possible with the assistance of various physical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Du
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Li
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meiyan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu Wang
- School of Medicine, Bengbu Medical University, Bengbu, China
| | - Bonian Zhao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shan Ma
- Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Shan Ma, PhD, Shandong Co-Innovation Center of Classic TCM Formula, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China (e-mail: )
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154
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Lu M, Fan L, Chen H, Zhang Z, Zhao Y. Multifunctional Inverse Opal Microneedle Arrays for Drug Delivery and Monitoring. Small 2022; 18:e2201889. [PMID: 35678090 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202201889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microneedle arrays (MNs) have a demonstrated value in transdermal drug delivery systems. Attempts to this technology focus on the generation of functional MNs to achieve intelligent drug delivery. Here, multifunctional inverse opal microneedle (IOMN) arrays with the abilities are reported to load various drugs and monitor drug release. The IOMNs are generated by using poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) to replicate hierarchical structure templates that are composed of self-assembled silica colloidal nanoparticles in the inverted cone structure wells. Because of their interconnected porous structures, different actives, or drugs can be loaded into the IOMNs without organic solvents and chemical polymerization. It is demonstrated that when these drugs loaded IOMNs pierce the skin at position of interest and for slow release, the average refractive index of the IOMNs decreases with the release process, resulting in a corresponding blueshift of their characteristic spectrum. Thus, by measuring the wavelength shift value of the IOMNs, the amount of released drugs can be monitored, providing essential guidance for efficient clinical treatment. These features indicate that the IOMNs are valuable smart drug delivery systems in personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minhui Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Lu Fan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
| | - Hanxu Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Zhuohao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China
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155
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Chandel N, Ahuja V, Gurav R, Kumar V, Tyagi VK, Pugazhendhi A, Kumar G, Kumar D, Yang YH, Bhatia SK. Progress in microalgal mediated bioremediation systems for the removal of antibiotics and pharmaceuticals from wastewater. Sci Total Environ 2022; 825:153895. [PMID: 35182616 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide demand for antibiotics and pharmaceutical products is continuously increasing for the control of disease and improvement of human health. Poor management and partial metabolism of these compounds result in the pollution of aquatic systems, leading to hazardous effects on flora, fauna, and ecosystems. In the past decade, the importance of microalgae in micropollutant removal has been widely reported. Microalgal systems are advantageous as their cultivation does not require additional nutrients: they can recover resources from wastewater and degrade antibiotics and pharmaceutical pollutants simultaneously. Bioadsorption, degradation, and accumulation are the main mechanisms involved in pollutant removal by microalgae. Integration of microalgae-mediated pollutant removal with other technologies, such as biodiesel, biochemical, and bioelectricity production, can make this technology more economical and efficient. This article summarizes the current scenario of antibiotic and pharmaceutical removal from wastewater using microalgae-mediated technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Chandel
- School of Medical and Allied Sciences, GD Goenka University, Gurugram 122103, Haryana, India
| | - Vishal Ahuja
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla 171005, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Ranjit Gurav
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Vinod Kumar
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield MK43 0AL, UK
| | - Vinay Kumar Tyagi
- Environmental Biotechnology Group (EBiTG), Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, 247667, India
| | | | - Gopalakrishnan Kumar
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY 13210,USA
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Shashi Kant Bhatia
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Institute for Ubiquitous Information Technology and Application, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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156
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Almeida Â, Calisto V, Esteves VI, Schneider RJ, Soares AMVM, Freitas R. Responses of Ruditapes philippinarum to contamination by pharmaceutical drugs under ocean acidification scenario. Sci Total Environ 2022; 824:153591. [PMID: 35122849 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In coastal systems, organisms are exposed to a multitude of stressors whose interactions and effects are poorly studied. Pharmaceutical drugs and Climate Change consequences, such as lowered pH, are examples of stressors affecting marine organisms, as bivalves. Although a vast literature is available for the effects of these stressors when acting individually, very limited information exists on the impacts that the combination of both can have on marine bivalves. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the impacts of a simulated ocean acidification scenario (control pH, 8.0; lowered pH, pH 7.6) on the effects of the antiepileptic carbamazepine (CBZ, 1 μg/L) and the antihistamine cetirizine (CTZ, 0.6 μg/L), when acting individually and combined (CBZ + CTZ), on the edible clam Ruditapes philippinarum. After 28 days of exposure, drug concentrations, bioconcentration factors and biochemical parameters related to the clams' metabolic capacity and oxidative stress were evaluated. The results showed that R. philippinarum clams responded differently to pharmaceutical drugs depending on the pH tested, influencing both bioconcentration and biological responses. In general, drug combined treatments showed fewer impacts than drugs acting alone, and acidification seemed to activate at a higher extension the elimination processes that were not activated under control pH. Also, lowered pH per se exerted negative impacts (e.g., cellular damage) on R. philippinarum and the combination with pharmaceutical drugs did not enhance the toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Almeida
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vânia Calisto
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Valdemar I Esteves
- Chemistry Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rudolf J Schneider
- BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Richard-Willstaetter -Str. 11, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Rosa Freitas
- Biology Department & CESAM, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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157
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Abstract
Inhalation of small molecule drugs has proven very efficacious for the treatment of respiratory diseases due to enhanced efficacy and a favourable therapeutic index compared with other dosing routes. It enables targeted delivery to the lung with rapid onset of therapeutic action, low systemic drug exposure, and thereby reduced systemic side effects. An increasing number of pharmaceutical companies and biotechs are investing in new modalities-for this review defined as therapeutic molecules with a molecular weight >800Da and therefore beyond usual inhaled small molecule drug-like space. However, our experience with inhaled administration of PROTACs, peptides, oligonucleotides (antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, miRs and antagomirs), diverse protein scaffolds, antibodies and antibody fragments is still limited. Investigating the retention and metabolism of these types of molecules in lung tissue and fluid will contribute to understanding which are best suited for inhalation. Nonetheless, the first such therapeutic molecules have already reached the clinic. This review will provide information on the physiology of healthy and diseased lungs and their capacity for drug metabolism. It will outline the stability, aggregation and immunogenicity aspects of new modalities, as well as recap on formulation and delivery aspects. It concludes by summarising clinical trial outcomes with inhaled new modalities based on information available at the end of 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werngard Czechtizky
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden.
| | - Wu Su
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Lena Ripa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schiesser
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Respiratory & Immunology, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Andreas Höijer
- Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism CMC Projects, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Rhona J Cox
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal & Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Mölndal, Sweden
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158
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ElFar OA, Billa N, Lim HR, Chew KW, Cheah WY, Munawaroh HSH, Balakrishnan D, Show PL. Advances in delivery methods of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) for enhanced therapeutic outcomes. Bioengineered 2022; 13:14681-14718. [PMID: 35946342 PMCID: PMC9373759 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2022.2100863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrospira platensis (A. platensis) aqueous extract has massive amounts of natural products that can be used as future drugs, such as C-phycocyanin, allophycocyanin, etc. This extract was chosen because of its high adaptability, which reflects its resolute genetic composition. The proactive roles of cyanobacteria, particularly in the medical field, have been discussed in this review, including the history, previous food and drug administration (FDA) reports, health benefits and the various dose-dependent therapeutic functions that A. platensis possesses, including its role in fighting against lethal diseases such as cancer, SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19, etc. However, the remedy will not present its maximal effect without the proper delivery to the targeted place for deposition. The goal of this research is to maximize the bioavailability and delivery efficiency of A. platensis constituents through selected sites for effective therapeutic outcomes. The solutions reviewed are mainly on parenteral and tablet formulations. Moreover, suggested enteric polymers were discussed with minor composition variations applied for better storage in high humid countries alongside minor variations in the polymer design were suggested to enhance the premature release hindrance of basic drugs in low pH environments. In addition, it will open doors for research in delivering active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in femtoscale with the use of various existing and new formulations.Abbrevations: SDGs; Sustainable Development Goals, IL-4; Interleukin-4, HDL; High-Density Lipoprotein, LDL; Low-Density Lipoprotein, VLDL; Very Low-Density Lipoprotein, C-PC; C-Phycocyanin, APC; Allophycocyanin, PE; Phycoerythrin, COX-2; Cyclooxygenase-2, RCTs; Randomized Control Trials, TNF-α; Tumour Necrosis Factor-alpha, γ-LFA; Gamma-Linolenic Fatty Acid, PGs; Polyglycans, PUFAs: Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids, NK-cell; Natural Killer Cell, FDA; Food and Drug Administration, GRAS; Generally Recognized as Safe, SD; Standard Deviation, API; Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient, DW; Dry Weight, IM; Intramuscular, IV; Intravenous, ID; Intradermal, SC; Subcutaneous, AERs; Adverse Event Reports, DSI-EC; Dietary Supplement Information Executive Committee, cGMP; Current Good Manufacturing Process, A. platensis; Arthrospira platensis, A. maxima; Arthrospira maxima, Spirulina sp.; Spirulina species, Arthrospira; Spirulina, Tecuitlatl; Spirulina, CRC; Colorectal Cancer, HDI; Human Development Index, Tf; Transferrin, TfR; Transferrin Receptor, FR; Flow Rate, CPP; Cell Penetrating Peptide, SUV; Small Unilamenar Vesicle, LUV; Large Unilamenar Vesicle, GUV; Giant Unilamenar Vesicle, MLV; Multilamenar Vesicle, COVID-19; Coronavirus-19, PEGylated; Stealth, PEG; Polyethylene Glycol, OSCEs; Objective Structured Clinical Examinations, GI; Gastrointestinal Tract, CAP; Cellulose Acetate Phthalate, HPMCP, Hydroxypropyl Methyl-Cellulose Phthalate, SR; Sustained Release, DR; Delay Release, Poly(MA-EA); Polymethyl Acrylic Co-Ethyl Acrylate, f-DR L-30 D-55; Femto-Delay Release Methyl Acrylic Acid Co-Ethyl Acrylate Polymer, MW; Molecular Weight, Tg; Glass Transition Temperature, SN2; Nucleophilic Substitution 2, EPR; Enhance Permeability and Retention, VEGF; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, RGD; Arginine-Glycine-Aspartic Acid, VCAM-1; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1, P; Coefficient of Permeability, PES; Polyether Sulfone, pHe; Extracellular pH, ζ-potential; Zeta potential, NTA; Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, PB; Phosphate Buffer, DLS; Dynamic Light Scattering, AFM; Atomic Force Microscope, Log P; Partition Coefficient, MR; Molar Refractivity, tPSA; Topological Polar Surface Area, C log P; Calculated Partition Coefficient, CMR; Calculated Molar Refractivity, Log S; Solubility Coefficient, pka; Acid Dissociation Constant, DDAB; Dimethyl Dioctadecyl Ammonium Bromide, DOPE; Dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine, GDP; Good Distribution Practice, RES; Reticuloendothelial System, PKU; Phenylketonuria, MS; Multiple Sclerosis, SLE; Systemic Lupus Erythematous, NASA; National Aeronautics and Space Administration, DOX; Doxorubicin, ADRs; Adverse Drug Reactions, SVM; Support Vector Machine, MDA; Malondialdehyde, TBARS; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances, CRP; C-Reactive Protein, CK; Creatine Kinase, LDH; Lactated Dehydrogenase, T2D; Type 2 Diabetes, PCB; Phycocyanobilin, PBP; Phycobiliproteins, PEB; Phycoerythrobilin, DPP-4; Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4, MTT; 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide, IL-2; Interleukin-2, IL-6; Interleukin-6, PRISMA; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, STATA; Statistics, HepG2; Hepatoblastoma, HCT116; Colon Cancer Carcinoma, Kasumi-1; Acute Leukaemia, K562; Chronic Leukaemia, Se-PC; Selenium-Phycocyanin, MCF-7; Breast Cancer Adenocarcinoma, A375; Human Melanoma, RAS; Renin-Angiotensin System, IQP; Ile-Gln-Pro, VEP; Val-Glu-Pro, Mpro; Main Protease, PLpro; Papin-Like Protease, BMI; Body Mass Index, IC50; Inhibitory Concentration by 50%, LD50; Lethal Dose by 50%, PC12 Adh; Rat Pheochromocytoma Cells, RNS; Reactive Nitrogen Species, Hb1Ac; hemoglobin A1c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ashraf ElFar
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Nashiru Billa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Hooi Ren Lim
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wai Yan Cheah
- Centre of Research in Development, Social and Environment (SEEDS), Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Malaysia
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159
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Kaneko K, Miyasaka R, Hayman R. Nano-hydroxyapatite improves intestinal absorption of acetazolamide (BCS Class IV drug)–but how? PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268067. [PMID: 35588130 PMCID: PMC9119549 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
We earlier reported that coating poorly water-soluble drugs with nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) improves bioavailability after oral administration. In the present study, we coated BCS Class IV drug acetazolamide (AZ) with nano-HAP (AZ/HAP formulation), and investigated its bioavailability and nano-HAP’s role in promoting it. We tested AZ bioavailability after a single oral dose of the AZ/HAP formulation in rats, followed by a series of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo testing. The binding state of AZ and nano-HAP was analyzed by gel filtration chromatography. AZ permeability was studied using a Caco-2 cell monolayer assay kit, to test for tight junction penetration, then using an Ussing chamber mounted with intestinal epithelium, both with and without Peyer’s patch tissue, to examine the role of intracellular transport. Fluorescence-labeled nano-HAP particles were administered orally in rats to investigate their localization in the intestinal tract. The area under the blood concentration time-curve in rats was about 4 times higher in the AZ/HAP formulation group than in the untreated AZ group. Gel filtration analysis showed AZ and nano-HAP were not bound. The Caco-2 study showed equivalent AZ permeability for both groups, but without significant change in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), indicating that tight junctions were not penetrated. In the Ussing chamber study, no significant difference in AZ permeability between the two groups was observed for epithelium containing Peyer’s patch tissue, but for epithelium without Peyer’s patch tissue, at high concentration, significantly higher permeability in the AZ/HAP formulation group was observed. Fluorescent labeling showed nano-HAP particles were present in both intestinal villi and Peyer’s patch tissue 30 min after oral administration. Our results suggest that nano-HAP’s enhancement of drug permeability from the small intestine occurs not via tight junctions, but intracellularly, via the intestinal villi. Further study to elucidate the mechanism of this permeability enhancement is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Kaneko
- Sangi Co., Ltd, Central Research Laboratory, Kasukabe, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ryosuke Miyasaka
- Sangi Co., Ltd, Central Research Laboratory, Kasukabe, Saitama, Japan
| | - Roslyn Hayman
- Sangi Co., Ltd, Central Research Laboratory, Kasukabe, Saitama, Japan
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160
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Abstract
Plant expression platforms are low-cost, scalable, safe, and environmentally friendly systems for the production of recombinant proteins and bioactive metabolites. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) endosperm is an ideal bioreactor for the production and storage of high-value active substances, including pharmaceutical proteins, oral vaccines, vitamins, and nutraceuticals such as flavonoids and carotenoids. Here, we explore the use of molecular farming from producing medicines to developing functional food crops (biofortification). We review recent progress in producing pharmaceutical proteins and bioactive substances in rice endosperm and compare this platform with other plant expression systems. We describe how rice endosperm could be modified to design metabolic pathways and express and store stable products and discuss the factors restricting the commercialization of transgenic rice products and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinlong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Jiantao Tan
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yao-Guang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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161
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Yang JJ. Brain insulin resistance and the therapeutic value of insulin and insulin-sensitizing drugs in Alzheimer's disease neuropathology. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:1135-1142. [PMID: 35482277 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is significantly higher in people with diabetes. Insulin and insulin receptor (IR) signaling intermediates are expressed in the brain. Insulin exerts multiple function in the brain. The role of compromised IR signaling in AD pathogenesis and the therapeutic value of insulin attract broad attention. This review summarizes the collective insulin action in the brain related to key factors of AD pathogenesis, updates the key features of insulin resistance in the AD brain and assesses the therapeutic potential of insulin and insulin-sensitizing drugs. Insulin stimulates neural growth and survival, suppresses amyloidogenic processing of the amyloid precursor protein (AβPP) and inhibits the Tau phosphorylation kinase, glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Central nervous IR signaling regulates systemic metabolism and increases glucose availability to neurons. The expression of IR and its downstream effectors is reduced in AD brain tissues. Insulin and insulin-sensitizing drugs can improve cognitive function in AD patients and AD animal models. Systemic insulin delivery is less effective than intranasal insulin treatment. The penetrance of insulin-sensitizing drugs to the blood brain barrier is problematic and new brain-prone drugs need be developed. Insulin resistance manifested by the degradation and the altered phosphorylation of IR intermediates precedes overt AD syndrome. Type 3 diabetes as a pure form of brain insulin resistance without systemic insulin resistance is proposed as a causal factor in AD. Further research is needed for the identification of critical factors leading to impaired IR signaling and the development of new molecules to stimulate brain IR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Yang
- Marriotts Ridge High School, 12100 Woodford Dr, Marriottsville, MD, 21104, USA.
- , 3060 Seneca Chief Trail, Ellicott City, MD, 21042, USA.
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162
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Xiao G, Chen YL, Dedic N, Xie L, Koblan KS, Galluppi GR. In Vitro ADME and Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of Ulotaront, a TAAR1/5-HT 1A Receptor Agonist for the Treatment of Schizophrenia. Pharm Res 2022; 39:837-850. [PMID: 35484370 PMCID: PMC9160101 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03267-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Ulotaront (SEP-363856) is a TAAR1 agonist with 5-HT1A agonist activity currently in clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia. The objectives of the current study were to characterize the in vitro ADME properties, preclinical PK, and to evaluate the DDI potential of ulotaront and its major metabolite SEP-383103. Methods Solubility, permeability, plasma protein binding, CYP inhibition and induction, transporter inhibition and uptake studies were conducted in vitro. Phenotyping studies were conducted using recombinant human CYPs and FMOs, human liver microsomes and human liver homogenates. Preclinical plasma and brain pharmacokinetics were determined after a single intraperitoneal, intravenous, and oral administration of ulotaront. Results Ulotaront is a compound of high solubility, high permeability, and low binding to plasma proteins. Ulotaront metabolism is mediated via both NADPH-dependent and NADPH-independent pathways, with CYP2D6 as the major metabolizing enzyme. Ulotaront is an inducer of CYP2B6, and an inhibitor of CYP2D6, OCT1 and OCT2, while SEP-383103 is neither a CYP inducer nor a potent inhibitor of CYPs and human transporters. Ulotaront exhibits rapid absorption, greater than 70% bioavailability, approximately 3.5 L/kg volume of distribution, 1.5-4 h half-life, 12-43 ml/min/kg clearance, and good penetration across the blood–brain barrier in preclinical species. Conclusions Ulotaront has been designated as a BCS1 compound by US FDA. The ability of ulotaront to penetrate the blood–brain barrier for CNS targeting has been demonstrated in mice and rats. The potential for ulotaront and SEP-383103 to act as perpetrators of CYP and transporter-mediated DDIs is predicted to be remote. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11095-022-03267-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangqing Xiao
- DMPK and Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA.
| | - Yu-Luan Chen
- DMPK and Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Nina Dedic
- DMPK and Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Linghong Xie
- DMPK and Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Kenneth S Koblan
- DMPK and Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
| | - Gerald R Galluppi
- DMPK and Clinical Pharmacology, Sunovion Pharmaceuticals Inc., 84 Waterford Drive, Marlborough, MA, 01752, USA
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163
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Pradhan B, Ki JS. Phytoplankton Toxins and Their Potential Therapeutic Applications: A Journey toward the Quest for Potent Pharmaceuticals. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20040271. [PMID: 35447944 PMCID: PMC9030253 DOI: 10.3390/md20040271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytoplankton are prominent organisms that contain numerous bioactive substances and secondary metabolites, including toxins, which can be valuable to pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and biotechnological industries. Studies on toxins produced by phytoplankton such as cyanobacteria, diatoms, and dinoflagellates have become more prevalent in recent years and have sparked much interest in this field of research. Because of their richness and complexity, they have great potential as medicinal remedies and biological exploratory probes. Unfortunately, such toxins are still at the preclinical and clinical stages of development. Phytoplankton toxins are harmful to other organisms and are hazardous to animals and human health. However, they may be effective as therapeutic pharmacological agents for numerous disorders, including dyslipidemia, obesity, cancer, diabetes, and hypertension. In this review, we have focused on the properties of different toxins produced by phytoplankton, as well as their beneficial effects and potential biomedical applications. The anticancer properties exhibited by phytoplankton toxins are mainly attributed to their apoptotic effects. As a result, phytoplankton toxins are a promising strategy for avoiding postponement or cancer treatment. Moreover, they also displayed promising applications in other ailments and diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, diabetes, AIDS, fungal, bacterial, schizophrenia, inflammation, allergy, osteoporosis, asthma, and pain. Preclinical and clinical applications of phytoplankton toxins, as well as future directions of their enhanced nano-formulations for improved clinical efficacy, have also been reviewed.
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164
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Kameyama T, Sodhi JK, Benet LZ. Does Addition of Protein to Hepatocyte or Microsomal In Vitro Incubations Provide a Useful Improvement in In Vitro-In Vivo Extrapolation Predictability? Drug Metab Dispos 2022; 50:401-412. [PMID: 35086847 PMCID: PMC11022888 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate prediction of in vivo hepatic clearance is an essential part of successful and efficient drug development; however, many investigators have recognized that there are significant limitations in the predictability of clearance with a tendency for underprediction for primarily metabolized drugs. Here, we examine the impact of adding serum or albumin into hepatocyte and microsomal incubations on the predictability of in vivo hepatic clearance. The addition of protein into hepatocyte incubations has been reported to improve the predictability for high clearance (extraction ratio) drugs and highly protein-bound drugs. Analyzing published data for 60 different drugs and 97 experimental comparisons (with 17 drugs being investigated from two to seven) we confirmed the marked underprediction of clearance. However, we could not validate any relevant improved predictability within twofold by the addition of serum to hepatocyte incubations or albumin to microsomal incubations. This was the case when investigating all measurements, or when subdividing analyses by extraction ratio, degree of protein binding, Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification System class, examining Extended Clearance Classification System class 1B drugs only, or drug charge. Manipulating characteristics of small data sets of like compounds and adding scaling factors can appear to yield good predictability, but the carryover of these methods to alternate drug classes and different laboratories is not evident. Improvement in predictability of poorly soluble compounds is greater than that for soluble compounds, but not to a meaningful extent. Overall, we cannot confirm that protein addition improves in vitro-in vivo extrapolation predictability to any clinically meaningful degree when considering all drugs and different subsets. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The addition of protein into microsomal or hepatocyte incubations has been widely proposed to improve hepatic clearance predictions. To date, studies examining this phenomenon have not included appropriate negative controls where predictability is achieved without protein addition and have been conducted with small data sets of similar compounds that don't apply to alternate drug classes. Here, an extensive analysis of published data for 60 drugs and 97 experimental comparisons couldn't validate any relevant clinically improved clearance predictability with protein addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsubasa Kameyama
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jasleen K Sodhi
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Leslie Z Benet
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, Schools of Pharmacy and Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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165
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Elvevold K, Kyrrestad I, Smedsrød B. Protocol for Isolation and Culture of Mouse Hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer Cells (KCs), and Liver Sinusoidal Endothelial Cells (LSECs) in Analyses of Hepatic Drug Distribution. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2434:385-402. [PMID: 35213033 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2010-6_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Development of the new generation of drugs (e.g., oligo- and polynucleotides administered intravascularly either as free compounds or as nano-formulations) frequently encounters major challenges such as lack of control of targeting and/or delivery. Uncontrolled or unwanted clearance by the liver is a well-known and particularly important hurdle in this respect. Hence, reliable techniques are needed to identify the type(s) of liver cells, receptors, and metabolic mechanisms that are responsible for unwanted clearance of these compounds.We describe here a method for the isolation and culture of the major cell types from mouse liver: hepatocytes (HCs), Kupffer cells (KCs), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs). The presently described protocol employs perfusion of the liver with a collagenase-based enzyme preparation to effectively transform the intact liver to a single cell suspension. From this initial cell suspension HCs are isolated by specified centrifugation schemes, yielding highly pure HC preparations, and KCs and LSECs are isolated by employing magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS). The MACS protocol makes use of magnetic microbeads conjugated with specific antibodies that bind unique surface antigens on either KCs or LSECs. In this way the two cell types are specifically and separately pulled out of the initial liver cell suspension by applying a magnetic field, resulting in high purity, yield, and viability of the two cell types, allowing functional studies of the cells.If the drug compound in question is to be studied with respect to liver cell distribution of intravascularly administered drug compounds the isolated cells can be analyzed directly after isolation. Detailed studies of receptor-ligand interactions and/or dynamics of intracellular metabolism of the compound can be conducted in primary surface cultures of HCs, LSECs, and KCs established by seeding the isolated cells on specified growth substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ingelin Kyrrestad
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Bård Smedsrød
- Department of Medical Biology, Vascular Biology Research Group UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
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166
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Chen F, Li C, Cao H, Zhang H, Lu C, Li R, Zhu Z, Chen L, Zhao Y. Identification of Adenylate Kinase 5 as a Protein Target of Ginsenosides in Brain Tissues Using Mass Spectrometry-Based Drug Affinity Responsive Target Stability (DARTS) and Cellular Thermal Shift Assay (CETSA) Techniques. J Agric Food Chem 2022; 70:2741-2751. [PMID: 35184563 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ginseng is a very famous Chinese herbal medicine with various pharmacological effects. Ginsenosides, the main effective compounds of ginseng, show favorable biological activities in the central nervous system (CNS), but the protein targets of ginsenosides in brain tissues have not been clarified clearly. First, we screened proteins that interact with ginsenosides by mass spectrometry-based drug affinity responsive target stability (DARTS) and cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). Then, we identified and confirmed adenylate kinase 5 (AK5) as a target protein of ginsenosides by biolayer interferometry (BLI), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and molecular docking. Finally, an enzyme activity kit was used to determine the effect of 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (PPD), a ginseng saponin metabolite, on AK5 activities in vivo and in vitro. We screened out seven overlapping target proteins by proteomics of DARTS and CETSA. The BLI direct action assays showed that the direct interaction of PPD with AK5 was higher compared to the parental ginsenosides. Subsequently, BLI kinetic analysis and ITC assay showed that PPD specifically bound to AK5. Furthermore, key amino acid mutations predicted by molecular docking decreased the affinity between PPD and AK5. Enzyme activity assays showed that PPD increased AK5 activities in vivo and in vitro. The above-mentioned findings indicated that AK5 is a protein target of ginsenoside in the brain and PPD is considered to be a small-molecular activator of AK5, which can improve comprehension of the molecular mechanisms of ginseng pharmacological effects in the CNS and further develop AK5 activators based on the dammarane-type triterpenoid structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyan Chen
- Research and Innovation Center, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chu Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Huiying Cao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hantao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cai Lu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ruimei Li
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yunan Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
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167
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Lee R, McGee A, Fernandez FX. Systematic review of drugs that modify the circadian system's phase-shifting responses to light exposure. Neuropsychopharmacology 2022; 47:866-879. [PMID: 34961774 PMCID: PMC8882192 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-021-01251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We searched PubMed for primary research quantifying drug modification of light-induced circadian phase-shifting in rodents. This search, conducted for work published between 1960 and 2018, yielded a total of 146 papers reporting results from 901 studies. Relevant articles were those with any extractable data on phase resetting in wildtype (non-trait selected) rodents administered a drug, alongside a vehicle/control group, near or at the time of exposure. Most circadian pharmacology experiments were done using drugs thought to act directly on either the brain's central pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the SCN's primary relay, the retinohypothalamic tract, secondary pathways originating from the medial/dorsal raphe nuclei and intergeniculate leaflet, or the brain's sleep-arousal centers. While the neurotransmitter systems underlying these circuits were of particular interest, including those involving glutamate, gamma-aminobutyric acid, serotonin, and acetylcholine, other signaling modalities have also been assessed, including agonists and antagonists of receptors linked to dopamine, histamine, endocannabinoids, adenosine, opioids, and second-messenger pathways downstream of glutamate receptor activation. In an effort to identify drugs that unduly influence circadian responses to light, we quantified the net effects of each drug class by ratioing the size of the phase-shift observed after administration to that observed with vehicle in a given experiment. This allowed us to organize data across the literature, compare the relative efficacy of one mechanism versus another, and clarify which drugs might best suppress or potentiate phase resetting. Aggregation of the available data in this manner suggested that several candidates might be clinically relevant as auxiliary treatments to suppress ectopic light responses during shiftwork or amplify the circadian effects of timed bright light therapy. Future empirical research will be necessary to validate these possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lee
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Austin McGee
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Fabian-Xosé Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
- BIO5 and McKnight Brain Research Institutes, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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168
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DiCorpo D, LeClair J, Cole JB, Sarnowski C, Ahmadizar F, Bielak LF, Blokstra A, Bottinger EP, Chaker L, Chen YDI, Chen Y, de Vries PS, Faquih T, Ghanbari M, Gudmundsdottir V, Guo X, Hasbani NR, Ibi D, Ikram MA, Kavousi M, Leonard HL, Leong A, Mercader JM, Morrison AC, Nadkarni GN, Nalls MA, Noordam R, Preuss M, Smith JA, Trompet S, Vissink P, Yao J, Zhao W, Boerwinkle E, Goodarzi MO, Gudnason V, Jukema JW, Kardia SL, Loos RJ, Liu CT, Manning AK, Mook-Kanamori D, Pankow JS, Picavet HSJ, Sattar N, Simonsick EM, Verschuren WM, Willems van Dijk K, Florez JC, Rotter JI, Meigs JB, Dupuis J, Udler MS. Type 2 Diabetes Partitioned Polygenic Scores Associate With Disease Outcomes in 454,193 Individuals Across 13 Cohorts. Diabetes Care 2022; 45:674-683. [PMID: 35085396 PMCID: PMC8918228 DOI: 10.2337/dc21-1395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has heterogeneous patient clinical characteristics and outcomes. In previous work, we investigated the genetic basis of this heterogeneity by clustering 94 T2D genetic loci using their associations with 47 diabetes-related traits and identified five clusters, termed β-cell, proinsulin, obesity, lipodystrophy, and liver/lipid. The relationship between these clusters and individual-level metabolic disease outcomes has not been assessed. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Here we constructed individual-level partitioned polygenic scores (pPS) for these five clusters in 12 studies from the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) consortium and the UK Biobank (n = 454,193) and tested for cross-sectional association with T2D-related outcomes, including blood pressure, renal function, insulin use, age at T2D diagnosis, and coronary artery disease (CAD). RESULTS Despite all clusters containing T2D risk-increasing alleles, they had differential associations with metabolic outcomes. Increased obesity and lipodystrophy cluster pPS, which had opposite directions of association with measures of adiposity, were both significantly associated with increased blood pressure and hypertension. The lipodystrophy and liver/lipid cluster pPS were each associated with CAD, with increasing and decreasing effects, respectively. An increased liver/lipid cluster pPS was also significantly associated with reduced renal function. The liver/lipid cluster includes known loci linked to liver lipid metabolism (e.g., GCKR, PNPLA3, and TM6SF2), and these findings suggest that cardiovascular disease risk and renal function may be impacted by these loci through their shared disease pathway. CONCLUSIONS Our findings support that genetically driven pathways leading to T2D also predispose differentially to clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel DiCorpo
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica LeClair
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Joanne B. Cole
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Endocrinology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Chloé Sarnowski
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Fariba Ahmadizar
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Julius Global Health, University Utrecht Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lawrence F. Bielak
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Anneke Blokstra
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin P. Bottinger
- Hasso Plattner Institute Digital Health, Potsdam, Germany
- Mount Sinai Health System, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Layal Chaker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Yii-Der I. Chen
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Ye Chen
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Paul S. de Vries
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Tariq Faquih
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Mohsen Ghanbari
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Valborg Gudmundsdottir
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Xiuqing Guo
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Natalie R. Hasbani
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Dorina Ibi
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - M. Arfan Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maryam Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hampton L. Leonard
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Aaron Leong
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Josep M. Mercader
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Girish N. Nadkarni
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
- Data Tecnica International, Glen Echo, MD
- Center for Alzheimer’s and Related Dementias, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Raymond Noordam
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Preuss
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jennifer A. Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
- Institute for Social Research, Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Stella Trompet
- Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Petra Vissink
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jie Yao
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, Department of Epidemiology, Human Genetics, and Environmental Sciences, School of Public Health, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Mark O. Goodarzi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vilmundur Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J. Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Sharon L.R. Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Ruth J.F. Loos
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ching-Ti Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Alisa K. Manning
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Dennis Mook-Kanamori
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - James S. Pankow
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - H. Susan J. Picavet
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Naveed Sattar
- British Heart Foundation Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Eleanor M. Simonsick
- Translational Gerontology Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - W.M. Monique Verschuren
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ko Willems van Dijk
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jose C. Florez
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jerome I. Rotter
- The Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - James B. Meigs
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Josée Dupuis
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Miriam S. Udler
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical & Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Endocrine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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169
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Henneberger L, Klüver N, Mühlenbrink M, Escher B. Trout and Human Plasma Protein Binding of Selected Pharmaceuticals Informs the Fish Plasma Model. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:559-568. [PMID: 33201515 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Concerns are increasing that pharmaceuticals released into the environment pose a risk to nontarget organism such as fish. The fish plasma model is a read-across approach that uses human therapeutic blood plasma concentrations for estimating likely effects in fish. However, the fish plasma model neglects differences in plasma protein binding between fish and humans. Because binding data for fish plasma are scarce, the binding of 12 active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs; acidic, basic, and neutral) to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and human plasma was measured using solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The plasma/water distribution ratios (D plasma/w ) of neutral and basic APIs were similar for trout and human plasma, differing by no more than a factor of 2.7 for a given API. For the acidic APIs, the D plasma/w values of trout plasma were much lower than for human plasma, by up to a factor of 71 for naproxen. The lower affinity of the acidic APIs to trout plasma compared with human plasma suggests that the bioavailability of these APIs is higher in trout. Read-across approaches like the fish plasma model should account for differences in plasma protein binding to avoid over- or underestimation of effects in fish. For the acidic APIs, the effect ratio of the fish plasma model would increase by a factor of 5 to 60 if the unbound plasma concentrations were used to calculate the effect ratio. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:559-568. © 2020 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nils Klüver
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Beate Escher
- Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Applied Geoscience, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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170
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Rizi K, Xu K, Begum T, Faull J, Bhakta S, Murdan S. A drug-in-adhesive anti-onychomycotic nail patch: Influence of drug and adhesive nature on drug release, ungual permeation, in vivo residence in human and anti-fungal efficacy. Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121437. [PMID: 34973408 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A nail patch is an attractive option for the topical treatment of onychomycosis, although no product is commercially available. We previously identified optimal nail patch formulations for two anti-onychomycotic drugs, based on their properties, as well as those of the other patch components. In this paper, our aim was to further investigate the potential of the patch formulations as topical nail medicines, in particular, whether the drug-in-adhesive patches release drug which then permeates into and through the nail plate and show anti-fungal efficacy, and whether and to what extent they remain adhered to the human nail plate in vivo when tested over 2 week durations. In addition, the influence of the drug (amorolfine HCl, ciclopirox olamine) and PSA (Duro-Tak 2852 or Duro-Tak 202A) on these parameters was determined. We found that both the nature of the drug and of the PSA influenced in vitro drug release. The nature of the drug, but not that of the PSA, influenced ungual drug permeation through human nail clippings, with considerably greater (almost double) permeation for ciclopirox olamine, the smaller and less lipophilic molecule. In vivo residence, tested with 3 out of the 4 patches, excluding the patch where ciclopirox olamine degraded with time, showed greater residence on toenails compared to fingernails reflecting their far lesser exposure to environmental stresses during daily activities. In vivo residence was enhanced when the patch was cut to the shape of the nail, was applied at bedtime, and when a clear colourless nail varnish was applied on top of the patch to 'seal' it into place on the nail. Comparison of the patches indicated greater residence of Duro-Tak 202A containing patches over those containing Duro-Tak 2852. Amorolfine HCl in Duro-Tak 202A based patch also showed antifungal efficacy in contrast to Duro-Tak 2852-based patch, and is particularly promising for further development as a potential toenail medicine, remaining almost fully adhered to toenails for at least two weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rizi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - K Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - T Begum
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - J Faull
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - S Bhakta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck, University of London, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - S Murdan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London WC1N 1AX, UK.
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171
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Goldstein N, Carty JRE, Betley JN. Specificity of Varenicline in Blocking Mesolimbic Circuit Activation to Natural and Drug Rewards. Neuroscience 2022; 483:40-51. [PMID: 34923039 PMCID: PMC8837713 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The mesolimbic dopamine (DA) system reinforces behaviors that are critical for survival. However, drug dependence can occur when drugs of abuse, such as nicotine, highjack this reinforcement system. Pharmacologically targeting the DA system to selectively block drug reinforcement requires a detailed understanding of the neural circuits and molecular pathways that lead to the reward-based activation of mesolimbic circuits. Varenicline is an approved smoking cessation drug that has been shown to block nicotine-evoked DA increases in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) through action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Because these receptors have been implicated in the reinforcement of other addictive substances, we explored the possibility that varenicline could broadly affect reward processing. We used in vivo fiber photometry to monitor midbrain DA neuron activity and striatal DA levels following either natural or drug rewards in mice treated with varenicline. We demonstrate that varenicline pretreatment enhances the suppression of nicotine-evoked DA release by attenuating DA neuron activity in the VTA. Varenicline's ability to attenuate DA release is highly specific to nicotine, and varenicline slightly elevates DA release when co-administered with morphine or ethanol. Furthermore, varenicline has no effect on DA release in response to naturally rewarding behavior such as food intake or exercise. These results demonstrate the exquisite specificity with which varenicline blocks nicotine reward and highlight the complexity with which different rewards activate the mesolimbic DA system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitsan Goldstein
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Jamie R E Carty
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - J Nicholas Betley
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States.
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172
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Wang L, Bu T, Wu X, Gao S, Li X, De Jesus AB, Wong CKC, Chen H, Chung NPY, Sun F, Cheng CY. Cell-Cell Interaction-Mediated Signaling in the Testis Induces Reproductive Dysfunction—Lesson from the Toxicant/Pharmaceutical Models. Cells 2022; 11:cells11040591. [PMID: 35203242 PMCID: PMC8869896 DOI: 10.3390/cells11040591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence has shown that cell-cell interactions between testicular cells, in particular at the Sertoli cell-cell and Sertoli-germ cell interface, are crucial to support spermatogenesis. The unique ultrastructures that support cell-cell interactions in the testis are the basal ES (ectoplasmic specialization) and the apical ES. The basal ES is found between adjacent Sertoli cells near the basement membrane that also constitute the blood-testis barrier (BTB). The apical ES is restrictively expressed at the Sertoli-spermatid contact site in the apical (adluminal) compartment of the seminiferous epithelium. These ultrastructures are present in both rodent and human testes, but the majority of studies found in the literature were done in rodent testes. As such, our discussion herein, unless otherwise specified, is focused on studies in testes of adult rats. Studies have shown that the testicular cell-cell interactions crucial to support spermatogenesis are mediated through distinctive signaling proteins and pathways, most notably involving FAK, Akt1/2 and Cdc42 GTPase. Thus, manipulation of some of these signaling proteins, such as FAK, through the use of phosphomimetic mutants for overexpression in Sertoli cell epithelium in vitro or in the testis in vivo, making FAK either constitutively active or inactive, we can modify the outcome of spermatogenesis. For instance, using the toxicant-induced Sertoli cell or testis injury in rats as study models, we can either block or rescue toxicant-induced infertility through overexpression of p-FAK-Y397 or p-FAK-Y407 (and their mutants), including the use of specific activator(s) of the involved signaling proteins against pAkt1/2. These findings thus illustrate that a potential therapeutic approach can be developed to manage toxicant-induced male reproductive dysfunction. In this review, we critically evaluate these recent findings, highlighting the direction for future investigations by bringing the laboratory-based research through a translation path to clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Tiao Bu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Xiaolong Wu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Sheng Gao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Xinyao Li
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | | | - Chris K. C. Wong
- Department of Biology, Croucher Institute for Environmental Sciences, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China;
| | - Hao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
| | - Nancy P. Y. Chung
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA;
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (C.Y.C.)
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China; (L.W.); (T.B.); (X.W.); (S.G.)
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University School of Medicine, Nantong 226001, China; (X.L.); (H.C.)
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research, Center for Biomedical Research, Population Council, 1230 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
- Correspondence: (F.S.); (C.Y.C.)
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173
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Rey-Bedon C, Banik P, Gokaltun A, Hofheinz O, Yarmush ML, Uygun MK, Usta OB. CYP450 drug inducibility in NAFLD via an in vitro hepatic model: Understanding drug-drug interactions in the fatty liver. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 146:112377. [PMID: 35062050 PMCID: PMC8792443 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-drug-interactions (DDIs) occur when a drug alters the metabolic rate, efficacy, and toxicity of concurrently used drugs. While almost 1 in 4 adults now use at least 3 concurrent prescription drugs in the United States, the Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) prevalence has also risen over 25%. The effect of NALFD on DDIs is largely unknown. NAFLD is characterized by lipid vesicle accumulation in the liver, which can progress to severe steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatic carcinoma. The CYP450 enzyme family dysregulation in NAFLD, which might already alter the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, has been partially characterized. Nevertheless, the drug-induced dysregulation of CYP450 enzymes has not been studied in the fatty liver. These changes in enzymatic inducibility during NAFLD, when taking concurrent drugs, could cause unexpected fatalities through inadvertent DDIs. We have, thus, developed an in vitro model to investigate the CYP450 transcriptional regulation in NAFLD. Specifically, we cultured primary human hepatocytes in a medium containing free fatty acids, high glucose, and insulin for seven days. These cultures displayed intracellular macro-steatosis after 5 days and cytokine secretion resembling NAFLD patients. We further verified the model's dysregulation in the transcription of key CYP450 enzymes. We then exposed the NAFLD model to the drug inducers rifampicin, Omeprazole, and Phenytoin as activators of transcription factors pregnane X receptor (PXR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR), respectively. In the NAFLD model, Omeprazole maintained an expected induction of CYP1A1, however Phenytoin and Rifampicin showed elevated induction of CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 compared to healthy cultures. We, thus, conclude that the fatty liver could cause aggravated drug-drug interactions in NAFLD or NASH patients related to CYP2B6 and CYP2C9 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilo Rey-Bedon
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Peony Banik
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Aslihan Gokaltun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, 06532 Beytepe, Ankara, Turkey
| | - O Hofheinz
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - Martin L Yarmush
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States
| | - M Korkut Uygun
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, United States
| | - O Berk Usta
- Center for Engineering in Medicine and Surgery at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, United States; Shriners Hospitals for Children, Boston, MA 02114, United States.
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174
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Hussain A, Naughton DP, Barker J. Development and Validation of a Novel HPLC Method to Analyse Metabolic Reaction Products Catalysed by the CYP3A2 Isoform: In Vitro Inhibition of CYP3A2 Enzyme Activity by Aspirin (Drugs Often Used Together in COVID-19 Treatment). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030927. [PMID: 35164195 PMCID: PMC8838585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspirin (also known as acetylsalicylic acid) is a drug intended to treat fever, pain, or inflammation. Treatment of moderate to severe cases of COVID-19 using aspirin along with dexamethasone has gained major attention globally in recent times. Thus, the purpose of this study was to use High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) to evaluate the in vitro inhibition of CYP3A2 enzyme activity using aspirin in rat liver microsomes (RLMs). In this study, an efficient and sensitive HPLC method was developed using a reversed phase C18 column (X Bridge 4.6 mm × 150 mm, 3.5 µm) at 243 nm using acetonitrile and water (70:30 v/v). The linearity (r2 > 0.999), precision (<15%), accuracy and recovery (80–120%), limit of detection (5.60 µM and 0.06 µM), limit of quantification (16.98 µM and 0.19 µM), and stability of the newly developed method were validated for dexamethasone and 6β-hydroxydexamethasone, respectively, following International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. This method was applied in vitro to measure CYP3A2 activity. The results showed that aspirin competitively inhibits 6β-hydroxylation (CYP3A2 activity) with an inhibition constant (Ki) = 95.46 µM and the concentration of the inhibitor causing 50% inhibition of original enzyme activity (IC50) = 190.92 µM. This indicated that there is a minimal risk of toxicity when dexamethasone and aspirin are co-administrated and a very low risk of toxicity and drug interaction with drugs that are a substrate for CYP3A2 in healthcare settings.
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175
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Baran SW, Brown PC, Baudy AR, Fitzpatrick SC, Frantz C, Fullerton A, Gan J, Hardwick RN, Hillgren KM, Kopec AK, Liras JL, Mendrick DL, Nagao R, Proctor WR, Ramsden D, Ribeiro AJS, Stresser D, Sung KE, Sura R, Tetsuka K, Tomlinson L, Van Vleet T, Wagoner MP, Wang Q, Arslan SY, Yoder G, Ekert JE. Perspectives on the evaluation and adoption of complex in vitro models in drug development: Workshop with the FDA and the pharmaceutical industry (IQ MPS Affiliate). ALTEX 2022; 39. [PMID: 35064273 DOI: 10.14573/altex.2112203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Complex in vitro models (CIVM) offer the potential to improve pharmaceutical clinical drug attrition due to safety and/ or efficacy concerns. For this technology to have an impact, the establishment of robust characterization and qualification plans constructed around specific contexts of use (COU) is required. This article covers the output from a workshop between the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Innovation and Quality Microphysiological Systems (IQ MPS) Affiliate. The intent of the workshop was to understand how CIVM technologies are currently being applied by pharmaceutical companies during drug development and are being tested at the FDA through various case studies in order to identify hurdles (real or perceived) to the adoption of microphysiological systems (MPS) technologies, and to address evaluation/qualification pathways for these technologies. Output from the workshop includes the alignment on a working definition of MPS, a detailed description of the eleven CIVM case studies presented at the workshop, in-depth analysis, and key take aways from breakout sessions on ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion), pharmacology, and safety that covered topics such as qualification and performance criteria, species differences and concordance, and how industry can overcome barriers to regulatory submission of CIVM data. In conclusion, IQ MPS Affiliate and FDA scientists were able to build a general consensus on the need for animal CIVMs for preclinical species to better determine species concordance. Furthermore, there was acceptance that CIVM technologies for use in ADME, pharmacology and safety assessment will require qualification, which will vary depending on the specific COU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szczepan W Baran
- Emerging Technologies, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Paul C Brown
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of New Drugs, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andreas R Baudy
- ADME & Discovery Toxicology, Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA
| | - Suzanne C Fitzpatrick
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Office of the Center Director, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Jinping Gan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Rhiannon N Hardwick
- Translational Safety Sciences, Theravance Biopharma US, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Anna K Kopec
- Drug Safety Research & Development, Pfizer, Inc., Groton, CT, USA
| | - Jennifer L Liras
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Donna L Mendrick
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, National Center for Toxicological Research, Office of the Center Director, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ryan Nagao
- Translational Sciences, Seagen, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Diane Ramsden
- Global Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Office of Translational Sciences, Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Division of Applied Regulatory Science, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - David Stresser
- Drug Metabolism, Pharmacokinetics and Bioanalysis, AbbVie, Inc., North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kyung E Sung
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Office of Tissues and Advanced Therapies, Division of Cellular and Gene Therapies, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Kazuhiro Tetsuka
- Analysis & Pharmacokinetics Research Labs., Astellas Pharma Inc., Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Matthew P Wagoner
- Drug Safety Research & Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Qin Wang
- Drug Safety Research & Evaluation, Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sevim Yildiz Arslan
- BioAnalysis, Applied Research Management & Biomedical Science (AMS), Astellas Pharma Inc., Northbrook, IL, USA
| | - Gorm Yoder
- Aimmune (Nestlé Health Sciences), Brisbane, CA, USA
| | - Jason E Ekert
- In Vitro In Vivo Translation, Research, Pharmaceutical R&D, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
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176
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Chang JH, Greene C, Frudd K, Araujo dos Santos L, Futter C, Nichols BJ, Campbell M, Turowski P. Methamphetamine enhances caveolar transport of therapeutic agents across the rodent blood-brain barrier. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100497. [PMID: 35106509 PMCID: PMC8784794 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) restricts clinically relevant accumulation of many therapeutics in the CNS. Low-dose methamphetamine (METH) induces fluid-phase transcytosis across BBB endothelial cells in vitro and could be used to enhance CNS drug delivery. Here, we show that low-dose METH induces significant BBB leakage in rodents ex vivo and in vivo. Notably, METH leaves tight junctions intact and induces transient leakage via caveolar transport, which is suppressed at 4°C and in caveolin-1 (CAV1) knockout mice. METH enhances brain penetration of both small therapeutic molecules, such as doxorubicin (DOX), and large proteins. Lastly, METH improves the therapeutic efficacy of DOX in a mouse model of glioblastoma, as measured by a 25% increase in median survival time and a significant reduction in satellite lesions. Collectively, our data indicate that caveolar transport at the adult BBB is agonist inducible and that METH can enhance drug delivery to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Hsien Chang
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chris Greene
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Karen Frudd
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Clare Futter
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Campbell
- Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Patric Turowski
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
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177
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Letai A, Bhola P, Welm AL. Functional precision oncology: Testing tumors with drugs to identify vulnerabilities and novel combinations. Cancer Cell 2022; 40:26-35. [PMID: 34951956 PMCID: PMC8752507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Functional precision medicine is a strategy whereby live tumor cells from affected individuals are directly perturbed with drugs to provide immediately translatable, personalized information to guide therapy. The heterogeneity of human cancer has led to the realization that personalized approaches are needed to improve treatment outcomes. Precision oncology has traditionally used static features of the tumor to dictate which therapies should be used. Static features can include expression of key targets or genomic analysis of mutations to identify therapeutically targetable "drivers." Although a surprisingly small proportion of individuals derive clinical benefit from the static approach, functional precision medicine can provide additional information regarding tumor vulnerabilities. We discuss emerging technologies for functional precision medicine as well as limitations and challenges in using these assays in the clinical trials that will be necessary to determine whether functional precision medicine can improve outcomes and eventually become a standard tool in clinical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Letai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Alana L Welm
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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178
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Chow LT, Vassylyev DG. Application of a Novel CL7/Im7 Affinity System in Purification of Complex and Pharmaceutical Proteins. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2466:61-82. [PMID: 35585311 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2176-9_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We have developed the CL7/Im7 protein purification system to achieve high-yield, high-purity and high-activity (HHH) products in one step. The system is based on the natural ultrahigh-affinity complex between the two small proteins encoded by colicinogenic plasmids carried by certain E. coli strains, the DNAse domain of colicin E7 (CE7; MW ~ 15 kDa) and its natural endogenous inhibitor, the immunity protein 7 (Im7; MW ~ 10 kDa). CL7 is an engineered variant of CE7, in which the toxic DNA-binding and catalytic activities have been eliminated while retaining the high affinity to Im7. CL7 is used as a protein tag, while Im7 is covalently attached to agarose beads. To make the CL7/Im7 technique easy to use, we have designed a set of the E. coli expression vectors for fusion of a target protein to the protease-cleavable CL7-tag either at the N- or the C-terminus, and also have the options of the dual (CL7/His8) tag. A subset of vectors is dedicated for cloning membrane and multisubunit proteins. The CL7/Im7 system has several notable advatantages over other available affinity purification techniques. First, high concentrations of the small Im7 protein are coupled to the beads resulting in the high column capacities (up to 60 mg/mL). Second, an exceptional stability of Im7 allows for multiple (100+) regeneration cycles with no loss of binding capacities. Third, the CL7-tag improves protein expression levels, solubility and, in some cases, assists folding of the target proteins. Fourth, the on-column proteolytic elution produces purified proteins with few or no extra amino acid residues. Finally, the CL7/Im7 affinity is largely insensitive to high salt concentrations. For many target proteins, loading the bacterial lysates on the Im7 column in high salt is a key to high purity. Altogether, these properties of the CL7/Im7 system allow for a one-step HHH purification of most challenging, biologically and clinically significant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise T Chow
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Dmitry G Vassylyev
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Aly NA, Dodds JN, Luo YS, Grimm FA, Foster M, Rusyn I, Baker ES. Utilizing ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry for the characterization and detection of persistent organic pollutants and their metabolites. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:1245-1258. [PMID: 34668045 PMCID: PMC8727508 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03686-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are xenobiotic chemicals of global concern due to their long-range transport capabilities, persistence, ability to bioaccumulate, and potential to have negative effects on human health and the environment. Identifying POPs in both the environment and human body is therefore essential for assessing potential health risks, but their diverse range of chemical classes challenge analytical techniques. Currently, platforms coupling chromatography approaches with mass spectrometry (MS) are the most common analytical methods employed to evaluate both parent POPs and their respective metabolites and/or degradants in samples ranging from d rinking water to biofluids. Unfortunately, different types of analyses are commonly needed to assess both the parent and metabolite/degradant POPs from the various chemical classes. The multiple time-consuming analyses necessary thus present a number of technical and logistical challenges when rapid evaluations are needed and sample volumes are limited. To address these challenges, we characterized 64 compounds including parent per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), industrial chemicals, and pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), in addition to their metabolites and/or degradants, using ion mobility spectrometry coupled with MS (IMS-MS) as a potential rapid screening technique. Different ionization sources including electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI) were employed to determine optimal ionization for each chemical. Collectively, this study advances the field of exposure assessment by structurally characterizing the 64 important environmental pollutants, assessing their best ionization sources, and evaluating their rapid screening potential with IMS-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor A Aly
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - James N Dodds
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Yu-Syuan Luo
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fabian A Grimm
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - MaKayla Foster
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Interdisciplinary Faculty of Toxicology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
- Department of Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Erin S Baker
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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180
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Wang Y, Zeng L, Song W, Liu J. Influencing factors and drug application of iontophoresis in transdermal drug delivery: an overview of recent progress. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2022; 12:15-26. [PMID: 33486687 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-00898-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery is limited by the stratum corneum of skin, which blocks most molecules, and thus, only few molecules with specific physicochemical properties (molecular weight < 500 Da, adequate lipophilicity, and low melting point) are able to penetrate the skin. Recently, various technologies have been developed to overcome the strong barrier properties of stratum corneum. Iontophoresis technology, which uses a small current to improve drug permeation through skin, is one of the effective ways to circumvent the stratum corneum. This approach not only provides a more efficient, noninvasive, and patient-friendly method of drug delivery but also widens the scope of drugs for transdermal delivery. In this review, the mechanisms underlying iontophoresis and affecting factors are outlined. The focus will be on the latest advancements in iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery and application of iontophoresis with other enhancing technologies. The challenges of this technology for drug administration have also been highlighted, and some iontophoretic systems approved for clinical use are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Lijuan Zeng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Srivastava N, Aslam S. Recent Advancements and Patents on Buccal Drug Delivery Systems: A Comprehensive Review. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 2022; 16:308-325. [PMID: 34126916 DOI: 10.2174/1872210515666210609145144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The major requirement for a dosage form to be successful is its ability to penetrate the site of application and the bioavailability of the drug released from the dosage form. The buccal drug delivery is an influential route to deliver the drug into the body. Here, in this context, various novel approaches that include lipoidal carriers like ethosomes, transferosomes, niosomes etc. and electrospun nanofibers are discussed, with respect to buccal drug delivery. These carriers can be easily incorporated into buccal dosage forms like patches and gels that are responsible for increased permeation across the buccal epithelium. The in vivo methods of evaluation on animal models are conscribed here. The novel biocarriers of lipoidal and non-lipoidal nature can be utilized by loading the drug into them, which are helpful in preventing drug degradation and other drawbacks as compared to conventional formulations. The globally patented buccal formulations give us a wide context in literature about the patents filed and granted in the recent years. When it comes to patient compliance, age is an issue, which is also solved by the buccal route. The pediatric buccal formulations are researched for the customization to be delivered to children. Diseases like mouth ulcers, oral cancer, Parkinson's disease, aphthous stomatitis etc. have been successfully treated through the buccal route, which infers that the buccal drug delivery system is an effective and emerging area for formulation and development in the field of pharmaceutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimisha Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
| | - Sahifa Aslam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow, India
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182
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Zablotskii V, Polyakova T, Dejneka A. Effects of High Magnetic Fields on the Diffusion of Biologically Active Molecules. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010081. [PMID: 35011642 PMCID: PMC8750908 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The diffusion of biologically active molecules is a ubiquitous process, controlling many mechanisms and the characteristic time scales for pivotal processes in living cells. Here, we show how a high static magnetic field (MF) affects the diffusion of paramagnetic and diamagnetic species including oxygen, hemoglobin, and drugs. We derive and solve the equation describing diffusion of such biologically active molecules in the presence of an MF as well as reveal the underlying mechanism of the MF’s effect on diffusion. We found that a high MF accelerates diffusion of diamagnetic species while slowing the diffusion of paramagnetic molecules in cell cytoplasm. When applied to oxygen and hemoglobin diffusion in red blood cells, our results suggest that an MF may significantly alter the gas exchange in an erythrocyte and cause swelling. Our prediction that the diffusion rate and characteristic time can be controlled by an MF opens new avenues for experimental studies foreseeing numerous biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitalii Zablotskii
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.P.); (A.D.)
- International Magnetobiology Frontier Research Center, Hefei 230031, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Tatyana Polyakova
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.P.); (A.D.)
| | - Alexandr Dejneka
- Department of Optical and Biophysical Systems, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221 Prague, Czech Republic; (T.P.); (A.D.)
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183
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Nasiri MI, Vora LK, Ershaid JA, Peng K, Tekko IA, Donnelly RF. Nanoemulsion-based dissolving microneedle arrays for enhanced intradermal and transdermal delivery. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 12:881-896. [PMID: 34939170 PMCID: PMC8694761 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01107-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The development of dissolving microneedles (DMN) is one of the advanced technologies in transdermal drug delivery systems, which precisely deliver the drugs through a rapid dissolution of polymers after insertion into the skin. In this study, we fabricated nanoemulsion-loaded dissolving microneedle (DMN) arrays for intradermal and transdermal drug delivery. For this task, model drug (amphotericin B, AmB)-loaded nanoemulsion (NE) were prepared by the probe-sonication method. AmB-loaded-NE was prepared using Capmul MCM C-8 EP/NF, Tween® 80, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-10 kDa), and poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP-360 kDa or K29/32) by using SpeedMixer™, followed by probe-sonication and evaluated for particle size and polydispersity index (PDI). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was also used to assess the particle size before and after DMN casting. AmB-NE embedded DMN arrays were found to be strong enough, revealed efficient skin insertion, and penetrated down to the fourth layer (depth ≈ 508 μm) of Parafilm M® (validated skin model). Ex vivo skin deposition experiments in full-thickness neonatal porcine demonstrated that after 24 h, AmB-NE-DMN arrays were able to deposit 111.05 ± 48.4 µg/patch AmB into the skin. At the same time, transdermal porcine skin permeation studies showed significantly higher permeability of AmB (29.60 ± 8.23 μg/patch) from AmB-NE-DMN compared to MN-free AmB-NE patches (5.0 ± 6.15 μg/patch) over 24 h. Antifungal studies of optimized AmB-NE-DMN, AmB-loaded discs and drug-free DMN against Candida albicans, confirmed the synergistic activity of Campul-MCM C-8, used in the nanoemulsion formulation. This study establishes that nanoemulsion based dissolving microneedle may serve as an efficient system for intradermal as well as transdermal drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Iqbal Nasiri
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Hamdard Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hamdard University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lalitkumar K Vora
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Juhaina Abu Ershaid
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ke Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ismaiel A Tekko
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, UK.
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184
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Li J, Chen C, Liu W, Liu S, Hu W, Gao X, Liu G, Li D, Ding Y, Wen X, Zhang X, Hou Y, Zhang X, Li B, Zhang X, Zhang X. Whole‐exome sequencing in clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue uncovers novel prognostic categorization and drug targets. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e640. [PMID: 34923763 PMCID: PMC8684775 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Biotherapy CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Chao Chen
- Beijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBeijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Wei Liu
- Biotherapy CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Songming Liu
- Beijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBeijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Wanming Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of PathologySun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Geng Liu
- Beijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Dandan Li
- Biotherapy CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Ya Ding
- Biotherapy CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xizhi Wen
- Biotherapy CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xiuqing Zhang
- Beijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBeijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Yong Hou
- Beijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBeijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Xing Zhang
- Biotherapy CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Bo Li
- Beijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
| | - Xiaoshi Zhang
- Biotherapy CenterSun Yat‐sen University Cancer CenterSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South ChinaSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Xi Zhang
- Beijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
- China National GeneBankBeijing Genomics InstituteShenzhenChina
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Abstract
The transport of drugs across the placenta is a point of great importance in pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. However, the knowledge of drug transport in pregnancy is mostly based on experimental clinical data, and the underlying biological mechanisms are not fully understood. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of drug transporters in the human placenta. We only refer to human data since the placenta demonstrates great diversity among species. In addition, we describe the experimental models that have been used in human placental transport studies and discuss their availability. A better understanding of placental drug transporters will be beneficial for the health of pregnant women who need drug treatment and their fetuses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiko Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka 5650871, Japan
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence:
| | - Udo R. Markert
- Placenta Lab, Department of Obstetrics, Jena University Hospital, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany;
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186
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Qiang T, Li Y, Wang K, Lin W, Niu Z, Wang D, Wang X. Evaluation of potential herb-drug interactions based on the effect of Suxiao Jiuxin Pill on CYP450 enzymes and transporters. J Ethnopharmacol 2021; 280:114408. [PMID: 34252529 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY RELEVANCE Suxiao jiuxin pill (SJP) is a Chinese medical drug with anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and vasodilatory function. It is widely used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of coronary heart disease (CHD) and angina. Nevertheless, the effect of SJP on Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes and transporters' activity related to drug metabolism is rarely studied. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SJP on the activity of drug-metabolizing enzyme CYP450 and transporters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human primary hepatocytes were used in present study. Probe substrates of CYP450 enzymes were incubated in human liver microsomes (HLMs) with and without SJP while IC50 values were calculated. The inhibitory effect of SJP on the activity of CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 was evaluated. The inducing effect of SJP on the activity of CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4 was accessed. The inhibition of SJP on human OATP1B1 was investigated through cell-based assay. The inhibition of SJP on human MDR1 and BCRP was also estimated by means of the vesicles assay. RESULTS The results showed that the SJP under the concentration of 1000 μg/mL could inhibit the activity of CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C19, and 3A4, with IC50 values of 189.7, 308.2, 331.2 and 805.7 μg/mL, respectively. There was no inhibitory effect found in the other 3 liver drug enzyme subtypes. In addition, SJP showed no induction effect on CYP1A2, 2B6 and 3A4, however it had a significant inhibitory effect on human-derived OATP1B1 at the concentration of 100 and 1000 μg/mL, with the IC50 value of 21.9 μg/mL. Simultaneously, the SJP inhibited BCRP at high concentration of 1000 μg/mL but did not affect human MDR1. CONCLUSIONS Based on these research results above, it is suggested that the SJP can affect some of the CYP450 enzymes and transporters' activity. When used in combination with related conventional drugs, potential herb-drug interactions should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Qiang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Yiping Li
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Keyan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Wenyong Lin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zhenchao Niu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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187
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Yi HC, You ZH, Guo ZH, Huang DS, Chan KCC. Learning Representation of Molecules in Association Network for Predicting Intermolecular Associations. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2021; 18:2546-2554. [PMID: 32070992 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.2973091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A key aim of post-genomic biomedical research is to systematically understand molecules and their interactions in human cells. Multiple biomolecules coordinate to sustain life activities, and interactions between various biomolecules are interconnected. However, existing studies usually only focusing on associations between two or very limited types of molecules. In this study, we propose a network representation learning based computational framework MAN-SDNE to predict any intermolecular associations. More specifically, we constructed a large-scale molecular association network of multiple biomolecules in human by integrating associations among long non-coding RNA, microRNA, protein, drug, and disease, containing 6,528 molecular nodes, 9 kind of,105,546 associations. And then, the feature of each node is represented by its network proximity and attribute features. Furthermore, these features are used to train Random Forest classifier to predict intermolecular associations. MAN-SDNE achieves a remarkable performance with an AUC of 0.9552 and an AUPR of 0.9338 under five-fold cross-validation. To indicate the ability to predict specific types of interactions, a case study for predicting lncRNA-protein interactions using MAN-SDNE is also executed. Experimental results demonstrate this work offers a systematic insight for understanding the synergistic associations between molecules and complex diseases and provides a network-based computational tool to systematically explore intermolecular interactions.
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188
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Xuan P, Chen B, Zhang T, Yang Y. Prediction of Drug-Target Interactions Based on Network Representation Learning and Ensemble Learning. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2021; 18:2671-2681. [PMID: 32340959 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.2989765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Identifying interactions between drugs and target proteins is a critical step in the drug development process, as it helps identify new targets for drugs and accelerate drug development. The number of known drug-protein interactions (positive samples) is much lower than that of the unknown ones (negative samples), which forms a class imbalance. Most previous methods only utilised part of the negative samples to train the prediction model, so most of the information on negative samples was neglected. Therefore, a new method must be developed to predict candidate drug-related proteins and fully utilise negative samples to improve prediction performance. We present a method based on non-negative matrix factorisation and gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), named NGDTP, to identify the candidate drug-protein interactions. NGDTP integrates multiple kinds of protein similarities, drugs-proteins interactions, and multiple kinds of drugs similarities at different levels, including target proteins of drugs, drug-related diseases, and side effects of drugs. We propose a network representation learning method based on matrix factorisation to learn low-dimensional vector representations of drug and protein nodes. On the basis of these low-dimensional node representations, a GBDT-based prediction model was constructed and it obtains the association scores through establishing multiple decision trees for a drug-protein pairs. NGDTP is an ensemble learning model that fully utilises all the negative samples to effectively alleviate the problem of class imbalance. NGDTP achieves superior prediction performance when it is compared with several state-of-the-art methods. The experimental results indicate that NGDTP also retrieves more actual drug-protein interactions in the top part of prediction result, which drew significant attention from the biologists. In addition, case studies on 10 drugs further confirmed the ability of the NGDTP to identify potential candidate proteins for drugs.
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189
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Monteiro NRC, Ribeiro B, Arrais JP. Drug-Target Interaction Prediction: End-to-End Deep Learning Approach. IEEE/ACM Trans Comput Biol Bioinform 2021; 18:2364-2374. [PMID: 32142454 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.2977335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of potential Drug-Target Interactions (DTIs) is a determining step in the drug discovery and repositioning process, as the effectiveness of the currently available antibiotic treatment is declining. Although putting efforts on the traditional in vivo or in vitro methods, pharmaceutical financial investment has been reduced over the years. Therefore, establishing effective computational methods is decisive to find new leads in a reasonable amount of time. Successful approaches have been presented to solve this problem but seldom protein sequences and structured data are used together. In this paper, we present a deep learning architecture model, which exploits the particular ability of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) to obtain 1D representations from protein sequences (amino acid sequence) and compounds SMILES (Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System) strings. These representations can be interpreted as features that express local dependencies or patterns that can then be used in a Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN), acting as a binary classifier. The results achieved demonstrate that using CNNs to obtain representations of the data, instead of the traditional descriptors, lead to improved performance. The proposed end-to-end deep learning method outperformed traditional machine learning approaches in the correct classification of both positive and negative interactions.
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Tian Q, Quan P, Fang L, Xu H, Liu C. A molecular mechanism investigation of the transdermal/topical absorption classification system on the basis of drug skin permeation and skin retention. Int J Pharm 2021; 608:121082. [PMID: 34506925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
A transdermal/topical absorption classification system for the characterization of the systemic or local delivery of drugs is the theoretical basis for the design and evaluation of transdermal/topical formulations. A classification system was established on the basis of the in vitro and in vivo skin permeation/retention behaviors of 12 model drugs. Drug skin penetration/retention exhibited a significant correlation with physicochemical parameters (log KO/W, molecular weight, polar surface area, and polarizability). Four representative model drugs were selected to clarify the molecular mechanisms of drug skin permeation/retention behaviors. The excellent lipid-disrupting effect and enhanced partitioning exhibited by propranolol (high permeation-high retention) and zolmitriptan (high permeation-low retention) via the formation of moderate H-bonds with skin lipids were proven by ATR-FTIR (ΔνasCH2 > 2 cm-1), Raman spectra (ΔLPP, SPP > 0.2 nm), and X-ray scattering (lipid crystallization) and were supported by 13C NMR results. The low lipid miscibility of zolmitriptan (ΔHzolmitriptan-lipid = 126.92 J/g) caused the low skin retention of this drug. High polarizabiltiy (α = 38.5 × 10-24 cm3) and low H-bond forming capability (EH-bond = 0 kcal/mol) restricted terbinafine (low permeation-high retention) in terms of partitioning (kD-SC = 0.09). Diclofenac (low permeation-low retention) stabilized skin lipids through the formation of strong H-bonds and exhibited excessive drug-lipid miscibility (ΔHdiclofenac-skin = -128.73 J/g), thus restricting its skin absorption. This classification system reflects the most essential drug skin absorption characteristics and provides a theoretical basis for the design of transdermal/topical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Peng Quan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Liang Fang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Hui Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China
| | - Chao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, No. 26 Huatuo Road, High & New Technology Development Zone, Benxi 117004, China.
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Martínez-Chávez A, Loos NHC, Lebre MC, Tibben MM, Rosing H, Beijnen JH, Schinkel AH. ABCB1 and ABCG2 limit brain penetration and, together with CYP3A4, total plasma exposure of abemaciclib and its active metabolites. Pharmacol Res 2021; 178:105954. [PMID: 34700018 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Abemaciclib is the third cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitor approved for the treatment of breast cancer and currently under investigation for other malignancies, including brain cancer. Primarily CYP3A4 metabolizes abemaciclib, forming three active metabolites (M2, M20 and M18) that are likely relevant for abemaciclib efficacy and toxicity. We investigated the impact of ABCB1 (P-gp), ABCG2 (BCRP) and CYP3A on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of abemaciclib and its metabolites using genetically modified mice. In vitro, abemaciclib was efficiently transported by hABCB1 and mAbcg2, and slightly by hABCG2, but the active metabolites were transported even better. Upon oral administration of 10mg/kg abemaciclib, absence of Abcg2 and especially Abcb1a/1b significantly increased the plasma AUC0-24h and Cmax of M2 and M18. Furthermore, the relative brain penetration of abemaciclib, M2 and M20 was dramatically increased by 25-, 4- and 60-fold, respectively, in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice, and to a lesser extent in single Abcb1a/1b- or Abcg2-deficient mice. The recovery of all active compounds in the small intestine content was profoundly reduced in Abcb1a/1b;Abcg2-/- mice, with smaller effects in single Abcb1a/1b-/- and Abcg2-/- mice. Our results indicate that Abcb1a/1b and Abcg2 cooperatively and profoundly limit the brain penetration of abemaciclib and its active metabolites, and likely also participate in their hepatobiliary or direct intestinal elimination. Moreover, transgenic human CYP3A4 drastically reduced the abemaciclib plasma AUC0-24h and Cmax by 7.5- and 5.6-fold, respectively, relative to Cyp3a-/- mice. These insights may help to optimize the clinical development of abemaciclib, especially for the treatment of brain malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Martínez-Chávez
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nancy H C Loos
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria C Lebre
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthijs M Tibben
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hilde Rosing
- Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jos H Beijnen
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alfred H Schinkel
- Division of Pharmacology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Kishimoto H, Miyazaki K, Tedzuka H, Ozawa R, Kobayashi H, Shirasaka Y, Inoue K. Utilization of Sodium Nitroprusside as an Intestinal Permeation Enhancer for Lipophilic Drug Absorption Improvement in the Rat Proximal Intestine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216396. [PMID: 34770805 PMCID: PMC8587071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As advanced synthetic technology has enabled drug candidate development with complex structure, resulting in low solubility and membrane permeability, the strategies to improve poorly absorbed drug bioavailability have attracted the attention of pharmaceutical companies. It has been demonstrated that nitric oxide (NO), a vital signaling molecule that plays an important role in various physiological systems, affects intestinal drug absorption. However, NO and its oxidants are directly toxic to the gastrointestinal tract, thereby limiting their potential clinical application as absorption enhancers. In this study, we show that sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an FDA-approved vasodilator, enhances the intestinal absorption of lipophilic drugs in the proximal parts of the small intestine in rats. The SNP pretreatment of the rat gastrointestinal sacs significantly increased griseofulvin and flurbiprofen permeation in the duodenum and jejunum but not in the ileum and colon. These SNP-related enhancement effects were attenuated by the co-pretreatment with dithiothreitol or c-PTIO, an NO scavenger. The permeation-enhancing effects were not observed in the case of antipyrine, theophylline, and propranolol in the duodenum and jejunum. Furthermore, the SNP treatment significantly increased acidic glycoprotein release from the mucosal layers specifically in the duodenum and jejunum but not in the ileum and colon. These results suggest that SNP increases lipophilic drug membrane permeability specifically in the proximal region of the small intestine through disruption of the mucosal layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisanao Kishimoto
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Kaori Miyazaki
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Hiroshi Tedzuka
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Ryosuke Ozawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Hanai Kobayashi
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;
| | - Katsuhisa Inoue
- Department of Biopharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan; (H.K.); (K.M.); (H.T.); (R.O.); (H.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-42-676-3126
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Wang C, Ma D, Hua Y, Duan H. Modulation of Placental Breast Cancer Resistance Protein by HDAC1 in Mice: Implications for Optimization of Pharmacotherapy During Pregnancy. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:3540-3546. [PMID: 34668144 PMCID: PMC8580892 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00773-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is a critical drug efflux transporters by limiting drugs’ transplacental transfer rates. More investigations on the regulation of placental BCRP offer great promise for enabling pronounced progress in individualized and safe pharmacotherapy during pregnancy. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in epigenetic regulation of placental genes. It was reported recently by us that HDAC1 was involved in placental BCRP regulation in vitro. The aim of this study was to further explore the effect of HDAC1 on placental BCRP expression and functionality in animals. Randomly assigned C57BL pregnant dams received intraperitoneal injections of a negative control siRNA or Hdac1 siRNA from embryonic day 7.5 (E7.5) to E15.5, respectively. At E16.5, glyburide (GLB), a probe for evaluating placental BCRP efflux functionality, was injected via the tail vein. Animals were sacrificed through cervical dislocation at various times (5–180 min) after drug administration. The maternal blood, placentas, and fetal-units were collected. GLB concentrations were determined by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) assay. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis were employed to identify mRNA/protein levels and localization of gene expressions, respectively. It was noted that Hdac1 inhibition significantly decreased placental Bcrp expression, with markedly increases of GLB concentrations and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) in fetal-units. Particularly, the ratios of fetal-unit/maternal plasma GLB concentrations were also significantly elevated following Hdac1 repression. Taken together, these findings suggested that HDAC1 was involved in positive regulation of placental BCRP expression and functionality in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, RenminNanLu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Pediatric Rehabilitation, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yimin Hua
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, RenminNanLu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
- Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Development and Diseases of Women and Children of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hongyu Duan
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 20, Section 3, RenminNanLu Road, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
- Cardiac Development and Early Intervention Unit, West China Institute of Women and Children's Health, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Ishibashi JR, Keshri R, Taslim TH, Brewer DK, Chan TC, Lyons S, McManamen AM, Chen A, Del Castillo D, Ruohola-Baker H. Chemical Genetic Screen in Drosophila Germline Uncovers Small Molecule Drugs That Sensitize Stem Cells to Insult-Induced Apoptosis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102771. [PMID: 34685753 PMCID: PMC8534514 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells, in contrast to their more differentiated daughter cells, can endure genotoxic insults, escape apoptosis, and cause tumor recurrence. Understanding how normal adult stem cells survive and go to quiescence may help identify druggable pathways that cancer stem cells have co-opted. In this study, we utilize a genetically tractable model for stem cell survival in the Drosophila gonad to screen drug candidates and probe chemical-genetic interactions. Our study employs three levels of small molecule screening: (1) a medium-throughput primary screen in male germline stem cells (GSCs), (2) a secondary screen with irradiation and protein-constrained food in female GSCs, and (3) a tertiary screen in breast cancer organoids in vitro. Herein, we uncover a series of small molecule drug candidates that may sensitize cancer stem cells to apoptosis. Further, we have assessed these small molecules for chemical-genetic interactions in the germline and identified the NF-κB pathway as an essential and druggable pathway in GSC quiescence and viability. Our study demonstrates the power of the Drosophila stem cell niche as a model system for targeted drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Roy Ishibashi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Riya Keshri
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tommy Henry Taslim
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Daniel Kennedy Brewer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Tung Ching Chan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Scott Lyons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Anika Marie McManamen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ashley Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Debra Del Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.R.I.); (R.K.); (T.H.T.); (D.K.B.); (T.C.C.); (S.L.); (A.M.M.); (A.C.); (D.D.C.)
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kim T, You BH, Han S, Shin HC, Chung KC, Park H. Quantum Artificial Neural Network Approach to Derive a Highly Predictive 3D-QSAR Model for Blood-Brain Barrier Passage. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222010995. [PMID: 34681653 PMCID: PMC8537149 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A successful passage of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) is an essential prerequisite for the drug molecules designed to act on the central nervous system. The logarithm of blood–brain partitioning (LogBB) has served as an effective index of molecular BBB permeability. Using the three-dimensional (3D) distribution of the molecular electrostatic potential (ESP) as the numerical descriptor, a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model termed AlphaQ was derived to predict the molecular LogBB values. To obtain the optimal atomic coordinates of the molecules under investigation, the pairwise 3D structural alignments were conducted in such a way to maximize the quantum mechanical cross correlation between the template and a target molecule. This alignment method has the advantage over the conventional atom-by-atom matching protocol in that the structurally diverse molecules can be analyzed as rigorously as the chemical derivatives with the same scaffold. The inaccuracy problem in the 3D structural alignment was alleviated in a large part by categorizing the molecules into the eight subsets according to the molecular weight. By applying the artificial neural network algorithm to associate the fully quantum mechanical ESP descriptors with the extensive experimental LogBB data, a highly predictive 3D-QSAR model was derived for each molecular subset with a squared correlation coefficient larger than 0.8. Due to the simplicity in model building and the high predictability, AlphaQ is anticipated to serve as an effective computational screening tool for molecular BBB permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeho Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
| | - Byoung Hoon You
- Whan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 11, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Korea; (B.H.Y.); (S.H.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Songhee Han
- Whan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 11, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Korea; (B.H.Y.); (S.H.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Ho Chul Shin
- Whan In Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 11, Songpa-gu, Seoul 05855, Korea; (B.H.Y.); (S.H.); (H.C.S.)
| | - Kee-Choo Chung
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-C.C.); (H.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2963-1635 (K.-C.C.); +82-2-3408-3766 (H.P.); Fax: +82-2-3408-4334 (K.-C.C. & H.P.)
| | - Hwangseo Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Kwangjin-gu, Seoul 05006, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-C.C.); (H.P.); Tel.: +82-2-2963-1635 (K.-C.C.); +82-2-3408-3766 (H.P.); Fax: +82-2-3408-4334 (K.-C.C. & H.P.)
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Saganuwan SA. Application of modified Michaelis - Menten equations for determination of enzyme inducing and inhibiting drugs. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 22:57. [PMID: 34635182 PMCID: PMC8507113 DOI: 10.1186/s40360-021-00521-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pharmacokinetics (PK) is the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination (ADME) of drugs. Some drugs undergo zero-order kinetics (ethyl alcohol), first order kinetics (piroxicam) and mixed order kinetics (ascorbic acid). Drugs that undergo Michaelis-Menten metabolism are characterized by either increased or decreased metabolism constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) of enzyme reaction. Hence literatures were searched with a view to translating in vitro-in vivo enzyme kinetics to pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters for determination of enzyme inducing and inhibiting drugs, in order to achieve optimal clinical efficacy and safety. METHODS A narrative review of retrospective secondary data on drugs, their metabolites, Vmax and Km, generated in the laboratory and clinical environments was adopted, using inclusion and exclusion criteria. Key word search strategy was applied, to assess databases of published articles on enzyme inducing and inhibiting drugs, that obey Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In vitro and in vivo kinetic parameters, such as concentration of substrate, rate of endogenous substrate production, cellular metabolic rate, initial velocity of metabolism, intrinsic clearance, percent saturation and unsaturation of the enzyme substrate, were calculated using original and modified formulas. Years and numbers of searched publications, types of equations and their applications were recorded. RESULTS A total of fifty-six formulas both established and modified were applied in the present study. Findings have shown that theophylline, voriconazole, phenytoin, thiopental, fluorouracil, thyamine and thymidine are enzyme inducers whereas, mibefradil, metronidazole, isoniazid and puromicin are enzyme inhibitors. They are metabolized and eliminated according to Michaelis-Menten principle. The order could be mixed but may change to zero or first order, depending on drug concentration, frequency and route of drug administration. CONCLUSION Hence, pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic translation can be optimally achieved by incorporating, newly modified Michaelis-Menten equations into pharmacokinetic formulas for clinical efficacy and safety of the enzyme inducing and inhibiting therapeutic agents used in laboratory and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saganuwan Alhaji Saganuwan
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, P.M.B.2373, Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria.
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Kosugi T, Ohue M. Quantitative Estimate Index for Early-Stage Screening of Compounds Targeting Protein-Protein Interactions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10925. [PMID: 34681589 PMCID: PMC8539639 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug-likeness quantification is useful for screening drug candidates. Quantitative estimates of drug-likeness (QED) are commonly used to assess quantitative drug efficacy but are not suitable for screening compounds targeting protein-protein interactions (PPIs), which have recently gained attention. Therefore, we developed a quantitative estimate index for compounds targeting PPIs (QEPPI), specifically for early-stage screening of PPI-targeting compounds. QEPPI is an extension of the QED method for PPI-targeting drugs that models physicochemical properties based on the information available for drugs/compounds, specifically those reported to act on PPIs. FDA-approved drugs and compounds in iPPI-DB, which comprise PPI inhibitors and stabilizers, were evaluated using QEPPI. The results showed that QEPPI is more suitable than QED for early screening of PPI-targeting compounds. QEPPI was also considered an extended concept of the "Rule-of-Four" (RO4), a PPI inhibitor index. We evaluated the discriminatory performance of QEPPI and RO4 for datasets of PPI-target compounds and FDA-approved drugs using F-score and other indices. The F-scores of RO4 and QEPPI were 0.451 and 0.501, respectively. QEPPI showed better performance and enabled quantification of drug-likeness for early-stage PPI drug discovery. Hence, it can be used as an initial filter to efficiently screen PPI-targeting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Masahito Ohue
- Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Tokyo Institute of Technology, G3-56-4259 Nagatsutacho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Kanagawa, Japan;
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198
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Lee DF, Lethem MI, Lansley AB. A comparison of three mucus-secreting airway cell lines (Calu-3, SPOC1 and UNCN3T) for use as biopharmaceutical models of the nose and lung. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 167:159-174. [PMID: 34332033 PMCID: PMC8422164 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to compare three existing mucus-secreting airway cell lines for use as models of the airways to study drug transport in the presence of mucus. Each cell line secreted mature, glycosylated mucins, evidenced by the enzyme-linked lectin assay. The secretagogue, adenylyl-imidodiphosphate, increased mucin secretion in SPOC1 (3.5-fold) and UNCN3T (1.5-fold) cells but not in Calu-3 cells. In a novel mucus-depleted (MD) model the amount of mucus in the non-depleted wells was 3-, 8- and 4-fold higher than in the mucus-depleted wells of the Calu-3, SPOC1 and UNCN3T cells respectively. The permeability of 'high mucus' cells to testosterone was significantly less in SPOC1 and UNCN3T cells (P < 0.05) but not Calu-3 cells. Mucin secretion and cytokine release were investigated as indicators of drug irritancy in the SPOC1 and UNCN3T cell lines. A number of inhaled drugs significantly increased mucin secretion at high concentrations and the release of IL-6 and IL-8 from SPOC1 or UNCN3T cells (P < 0.05). SPOC1 and UNCN3T cell lines are better able to model the effect of mucus on drug absorption than the Calu-3 cell line and are proposed for use in assessing drug-mucus interactions in inhaled drug and formulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane F Lee
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK; School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7AL, UK(1).
| | - Michael I Lethem
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Alison B Lansley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
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199
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Llacer-Wintle J, Rivas-Dapena A, Chen XZ, Pellicer E, Nelson BJ, Puigmartí-Luis J, Pané S. Biodegradable Small-Scale Swimmers for Biomedical Applications. Adv Mater 2021; 33:e2102049. [PMID: 34480388 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most forms of biomatter are ephemeral, which means they transform or deteriorate after a certain time. From this perspective, implantable healthcare devices designed for temporary treatments should exhibit the ability to degrade and either blend in with healthy tissues, or be cleared from the body with minimal disruption after accomplishing their designated tasks. This topic is currently being investigated in the field of biomedical micro- and nanoswimmers. These tiny devices have the ability to move through fluids by converting physical or chemical energy into motion. Several architectures of these devices have been designed to mimic the motion strategies of nature's motile microorganisms and cells. Due to their motion abilities, these devices have been proposed as minimally invasive tools for precision healthcare applications. Hence, a natural progression in this field is to produce motile structures that can adopt, or even surpass, similar transient features as biological systems. The fate of small-scale swimmers after accomplishing their therapeutic mission is critical for the successful translation of small-scale swimmers' technologies into clinical applications. In this review, recent research efforts are summarized on the topic of biodegradable micro- and nanoswimmers for biomedical applications, with a focus on targeted therapeutic delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joaquin Llacer-Wintle
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Antón Rivas-Dapena
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Xiang-Zhong Chen
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Eva Pellicer
- Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Bradley J Nelson
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
| | - Josep Puigmartí-Luis
- Departament de Ciència dels Materials i Química Física, Institut de Química Teòrica I Computacional, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 0 8010, Spain
| | - Salvador Pané
- Multi-Scale Robotics Lab (MSRL), Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems (IRIS), ETH Zurich, Zurich, CH-8092, Switzerland
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200
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Wang S, Chen C, Guan C, Qiu L, Zhang L, Zhang S, Zhou H, Du H, Li C, Wu Y, Chang H, Wang T. Effects of membrane transport activity and cell metabolism on the unbound drug concentrations in the skeletal muscle and liver of drugs: A microdialysis study in rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00879. [PMID: 34628723 PMCID: PMC8502442 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The unbound concentrations of 14 commercial drugs, including five non-efflux/uptake transporter substrates-Class I, five efflux transporter substrates-class II and four influx transporter substrates-Class III, were simultaneously measured in rat liver, muscle, and blood via microanalysis. Kpuu,liver and Kpuu,muscle were calculated to evaluate the membrane transport activity and cell metabolism on the unbound drug concentrations in the skeletal muscle and liver. For Class I compounds, represented by antipyrine, unbound concentrations among liver, muscle and blood are symmetrically distributed when compound hepatic clearance is low. And when compound hepatic clearance is high, unbound concentrations among liver, muscle and blood are asymmetrically distributed, such as Propranolol. For Class II and III compounds, overall, the unbound concentrations among liver, muscle, and blood are asymmetrically distributed due to a combination of hepatic metabolism and efflux and/or influx transporter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyao Wang
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Chun Chen
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Chi Guan
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Liping Qiu
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | | | - Hongyu Zhou
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Hongwen Du
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Chen Li
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Yaqiong Wu
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Hang Chang
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- DMPK Department, Pharmaron Inc., Beijing, China
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