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Megerian CE, Bair L, Smith J, Browne EN, Wenger LD, Guzman L, Kral AH, Lambdin BH. Health risks associated with smoking versus injecting fentanyl among people who use drugs in California. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 255:111053. [PMID: 38128362 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2023.111053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the attention, funding, and services that seek to reduce overdose mortality from fentanyl, it is important to understand whether a potential solution is for more people to switch from injecting to smoking fentanyl. As such, we set out to conduct a study to compare health and healthcare utilization outcomes associated with different modes of illicit fentanyl administration. METHODS From January to February 2023, we recruited people who use drugs from 34 syringe services programs across California, USA (N=999) and surveyed their substance use, health outcomes, and healthcare utilization. We compared health risks among people who injected fentanyl (78% of whom also smoked) to people who solely smoked fentanyl (n=563). RESULTS Of the 563 participants, forty-one percent injected fentanyl and 59% only smoked fentanyl. People who injected fentanyl were 40% more likely to have experienced a non-fatal overdose in the past 3 months (27% vs. 19%; aRR=1.40; 95% CI=1.03, 1.93) and 253% more likely to have had a skin and soft tissue infection in the past 3 months (39% vs. 15%; aRR=2.53; 95% CI=1.74, 3.67), compared to people who only smoked fentanyl. The average number of nights spent in the hospital was higher among people who injected fentanyl (average 1.2 nights vs. 0.7 nights; aIRR=1.78; 95% CI=1.02, 3.09; p=0.04).There were non-significant associations between mode of fentanyl administration and number of emergency department visits and probability of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggested that people who injected fentanyl were at higher risk for overdose and skin and soft tissue infections than people who only smoked fentanyl. Distribution of safe smoking supplies may facilitate transitions from injecting to smoking fentanyl, thereby reducing health risks associated with fentanyl use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cariné E Megerian
- RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, 8th Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Luka Bair
- National Harm Reduction Coalition, 243 5th Ave #529, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Jessica Smith
- RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, 8th Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Erica N Browne
- RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, 8th Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Lynn D Wenger
- RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, 8th Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Laura Guzman
- National Harm Reduction Coalition, 243 5th Ave #529, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alex H Kral
- RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, 8th Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA
| | - Barrot H Lambdin
- RTI International, 2150 Shattuck Avenue, 8th Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704, USA.
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202
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Allen JG, Harder J, Hernandez E, Bourland B, MacKay B. The effect of smoking on open carpal tunnel release recovery. Hand Surg Rehabil 2024; 43:101626. [PMID: 38103597 DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2023.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines the relationship between smoking status and surgical outcomes in open carpal tunnel release. Smoking status has previously been correlated with orthopedic surgical complications unless smoking cessation occurs at least 4 weeks prior to surgery; however, the effect of smoking on open carpal tunnel release has not been specifically examined. METHODS This study is a retrospective review of patient charts over the last 5 years (n = 131). Smoking status was determined at the time of carpal tunnel release from the patients' charts. Patients were dichotomized as smokers (n = 58) or non-smokers (n = 73). Data comprised preoperative pain, postoperative pain at 2 and 6 weeks, postoperative wrist stiffness, wound healing time, and infection status. Data were compared on chi square, Fisher exact, and one-sided Fisher exact tests. RESULTS Infection rates were significantly higher in smokers. Postoperative numbness and wrist stiffness were also significantly higher in smokers. Smokers reported higher postoperative pain scores at 2 and 6 weeks. Non-smokers were also significantly more likely to report complete pain resolution at 6 weeks. DISCUSSION In the present study smoking was associated with surgical outcome complications in open carpal tunnel release. This could be attributed to immune system suppression or to poor wound healing, both of which are known side-effects of smoking. Pain scores 6 weeks post-surgery were significantly higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Smokers undergoing open carpal tunnel release need to understand the risk of surgical complications and should consider smoking cessation to optimize their chances of successful surgery. CONCLUSION Patients who were active smokers showed poorer recovery from open carpal tunnel surgery than non-smoking patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack G Allen
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Justin Harder
- Department of Orthopaedic Hand Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Evan Hernandez
- Department of Orthopaedic Hand Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Bryan Bourland
- Department of Orthopaedic Hand Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Brendan MacKay
- Department of Orthopaedic Hand Surgery, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.
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Rienas W, Li R, Lee SE, Rienas C. Current Smoking Status Is Not a Risk Factor for Perioperative Outcomes in Patients with Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Who Underwent Craniotomy Repair. World Neurosurg 2024; 182:e635-e643. [PMID: 38065355 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rupture leading to blood accumulating in the subarachnoid region. Smoking status is often a risk factor for postoperative complications for vascular procedures. This study aims to retrospectively examine the effect of being a current tobacco smoker on postoperative outcomes in patients with nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. METHODS Patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage who underwent craniotomy were identified in the American College of Surgeons-National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database. The 30-day perioperative outcomes of current smokers were compared with those of control individuals, who were patients who had not smoked tobacco in the past year. Postoperative outcomes included death, cardiac complications, stroke, operation time >4 hours, bleeding, and other events. In addition, this study examined the same surgical outcomes in patients older than 65 years. RESULTS We found no significant difference between these 2 groups across all adverse outcomes analyzed. In patients aged >65 years, we again found no significant differences between these 2 groups across all adverse outcomes analyzed. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that although current tobacco smoker status is commonly a risk factor for vascular diseases and postoperative complications, it is not a risk factor for the postoperative variables that we analyzed during craniotomy for aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Additional research should be conducted to determine if different procedures to treat aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage may have different outcomes among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Rienas
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.
| | - Renxi Li
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Seung Eun Lee
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Pike Moore S, Gunzler DD, Spears CA, Shaikh NI, Kim-Mozeleski JE. Longitudinal experience of food insecurity & cigarette use in the early COVID-19 Pandemic, United States. Prev Med Rep 2024; 38:102624. [PMID: 38375176 PMCID: PMC10874846 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2024.102624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Food insecurity is associated with cigarette smoking, yet little is known about how variability in the experience of food insecurity may relate to patterns of cigarette use. We sought to examine patterns of food insecurity and cigarette use during the COVID-19 pandemic (April 2020-March 2021). We analyzed longitudinal survey data from a nationally representative panel of adults in the United States (N = 7,880) from the Understanding Coronavirus in America Study. The primary independent variable was ten trajectories of food insecurity. Our dependent variable was past 7-day cigarette use (count of days used cigarettes). Poisson regression using generalized estimating equations was run controlling for key covariates. The prevalence of cigarette use on at least one day in the past week was lowest (17.5 %) for those who Remained Food Secure, and highest (57.9 %) among those who Became Fully Food Insecure, a group characterized by having high probability of becoming food insecure during the study period. Among those who reported at least one day of cigarette use in the past week, fewer than half (40.1 %) reported sustained use across all waves of the study. Those who Became Fully Food Insecure had an incidence rate ratio (IRR) of 1.73 (95 % CI: 1.18, 2.54) compared to those who Remained Food Secure with respect to number of smoking days. While different patterns of food insecurity are related to cigarette smoking at the population level, these results highlight that food insecurity, a key social need, may represent a novel strategy for informing reduction of tobacco use disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Pike Moore
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Douglas D. Gunzler
- Center for Health Care Research and Policy, Case Western Reserve University at MetroHealth Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Claire A. Spears
- Health Policy and Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nida I. Shaikh
- Department of Nutrition, Byrdine F. Lewis College of Nursing & Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin E. Kim-Mozeleski
- Prevention Research Center for Healthy Neighborhoods, Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ilesanmi OS, Faseru B, Afolabi AA, Odukoya O, Ayo-Yusuf O, Akinsolu F, Adebiyi AO, Evans WK. Physician-brief advice for promoting smoking cessation among cancer patients on treatment in low and middle-income countries: a scoping review. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:149. [PMID: 38291373 PMCID: PMC10826229 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-11872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Physician-brief advice has been utilized in high-income countries to promote smoking cessation among cancer patients. Empirical evidence on its effectiveness among cancer patients in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) is lacking. The gap could be due to inadequate training, and competing healthcare priorities, leading to insufficient implementation of targeted smoking cessation interventions in oncology settings. We undertook this scoping review to determine if physician-brief advice is effective in promoting smoking cessation among cancer patients in LMICs. METHODS We conducted a literature search of all relevant articles across five databases: Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Library (Tobacco Addiction Group trials), World Conference on Lung Cancer proceedings, PubMed, and Google Scholar up to November 2023, using pre-defined inclusion criteria and keywords. The study population was cancer survivors in LMICs, the intervention was smoking cessation advice by a physician in a clinic or oncology center during a consultation, and the outcome was the effect of smoking cessation programs in discontinuing smoking among cancer survivors in LMICs. RESULTS Overall, out of every 10 cancer patients in LMICs, about seven were smokers, and one-half had received physician-brief advice for smoking cessation. Physician-brief advice was more likely to be delivered to patients with smoking-related cancer (Cohen's d = 0.396). This means that there is a noticeable difference between patients with smoking-related cancer compared to those with cancer unrelated to smoking. Smoking cessation failure was due to the inability to cope with the symptoms of withdrawal, missed smoking cessation clinic visits, mental health disorders, limited time and resources, and minimal patient-physician contact. CONCLUSION There is very little literature on the frequency of use or the efficacy of physician-brief advice on smoking cessation in LMICs. The literature suggests that cancer patients in LMICs have low self-efficacy to quit smoking, and smoking cessation is rarely part of cancer care in LMICs. Physicians in LMICs should be trained to use motivational messages and good counseling techniques to improve smoking cessation among cancer patients. Policymakers should allocate the resources to implement physician-brief advice and design training programs for physicians focusing on physician-brief advice tailored to cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babalola Faseru
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, US
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, US
| | - Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi
- Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
- Technical and Strategic Research Directorate, MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olukemi Odukoya
- Department of Community Health and Primary Care, College of Medicine, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Olalekan Ayo-Yusuf
- School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | | | - William K Evans
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Wong KHF, Mouton R, Hinchliffe RJ. Prevalence of Smoking and Impact on Peri-Operative Outcomes After Elective Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2024:S1078-5884(24)00107-2. [PMID: 38295938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2024.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The contemporary burden of smoking in patients undergoing elective abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair in the UK is unknown. This study aimed to quantify the prevalence of smoking in patients undergoing AAA repair in the UK and determine the association between smoking and peri-operative outcomes. METHODS This was an observational cohort study. The National Vascular Registry was interrogated for adults undergoing elective infrarenal AAA repair from 2014 to 2021 for prevalence of current smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers over time. The primary outcomes were post-operative complications by smoking status. Secondary outcomes were variation in smoking rates over time and by hospital, in hospital mortality, and length of stay by smoking status. All analyses were adjusted using the validated British Aneurysm Repair score. RESULTS Overall, 26 916 patients undergoing elective AAA repair were included (21.9% smokers, 62.2% former smokers, 15.9% non-smokers). The prevalence of smoking did not change over time, with a 2.4 fold variation between UK hospitals (range 13.0 - 31.8% excluding outliers). In hospital mortality was not significantly different between smokers, former smokers, and non-smokers (p > .050 for all comparisons). Compared with non-smokers, smoking was associated with increased overall (odds ratio [OR] 1.40, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24 - 1.57) and respiratory complications (OR 1.98, 95% CI 1.63 - 2.39), limb ischaemia (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.19 - 2.23), bowel ischaemia (OR 1.64, 95% CI 1.06 - 2.54), return to theatre (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.11 - 1.71), and intensive care admission (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.31 - 1.56). Compared with former smokers, smoking was associated with increased overall (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.14 - 1.36), respiratory (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.27 - 1.63) and limb ischaemia complications (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.19 - 1.84), and intensive care admission (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.28 - 1.46). On analysis of the endovascular aneurysm repair subgroup, active smoking was associated with significantly higher rates of limb ischaemia compared with former and non-smokers (OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.49 - 3.01 and OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.19 - 3.16 respectively). CONCLUSION The prevalence of smoking remains high in patients undergoing elective AAA repair with no evidence of a decline in active smokers from 2014 to 2021 compared with the general UK population. Smoking is associated with increased peri-operative complication rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kitty H F Wong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Anaesthesia, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK. http://www.twitter.com/kittywonghf
| | - Ronelle Mouton
- Department of Anaesthesia, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK; Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK. http://www.twitter.com/RonelleMouton
| | - Robert J Hinchliffe
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK; Department of Anaesthesia, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol, UK.
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Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Electronic address: jhayes@asrm.org. Tobacco or marijuana use and infertility: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2024:S0015-0282(23)02100-3. [PMID: 38284953 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.12.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
In the United States, approximately 21% of adults report some form of tobacco use, although 18% report marijuana use. Although the negative impact of tobacco use in pregnancy is well documented, the impact of tobacco and marijuana on fertility and reproduction is less clear. This committee opinion reviews the potential deleterious effects of tobacco, nicotine, and marijuana use on conception, ovarian follicular dynamics, sperm parameters, gamete mutations, early pregnancy, and assisted reproductive technology outcomes. It also reviews the current status of tobacco smoking cessation strategies. This document replaces the 2018 American Society for Reproductive Medicine Practice Committee document entitled Smoking and Infertility: a committee opinion (Fertil Steril 2018).
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Khiyali Z, Rashedi V, Tavacol Z, Dehghan A, Bijani M. Smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, and osteoporosis among older adults: a cross-sectional study on PERSIAN cohort study in Fasa. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:80. [PMID: 38254032 PMCID: PMC10802063 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04678-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing life expectancy and a growing population of older adults, the prevalence of osteoporosis has risen, resulting in a higher incidence of bone fractures, which necessitate extended treatment and specialized medical care. This study investigates the relationship between smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, and osteoporosis among older adults in southern Iran, utilizing cohort data. METHODS This cross-sectional study is derived from the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS), which included 10,133 individuals. From this cohort, we selected 1,631 older adults using census sampling methods. Our study aimed to explore the correlation between smoking, alcohol consumption, and drug abuse among older adults and the incidence of osteoporosis. We collected demographic information, nutritional indexes, medical history, glucocorticoid usage, and self-reported data on smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, and osteoporosis through questionnaires. To investigate the relationship between smoking, alcohol, and drug use with osteoporosis while accounting for confounding factors, we employed logistic regression analysis. RESULTS The average age of the study participants was 64.09 ± 3.8 years, with a majority (898 (55.1%)) being female. Osteoporosis prevalence among the subjects was 25.20%. The results did not reveal a significant correlation between smoking, alcohol consumption, drug abuse, and osteoporosis (p > 0.05). Regression analysis identified gender, recent history of fractures within the past five years, history of using glucocorticoids, and physical activity as significant predictive risk factors for osteoporosis within the study population (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The study underscores the significance of addressing osteoporosis risk factors in older adults. Healthcare policymakers and administrators can use these findings to identify and mitigate influential factors contributing to osteoporosis in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Khiyali
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Rashedi
- Iranian Research Center on Aging, Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ziba Tavacol
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Azizallah Dehghan
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran
| | - Mostafa Bijani
- Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
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Yang M, Lv Y, Tang S, Xu D, Li D, Liao Z, Li X, Chen L. Blood Eosinophil Count and Its Determinants in a Chinese Population-Based Cohort. Respiration 2024; 103:70-78. [PMID: 38253034 PMCID: PMC10871690 DOI: 10.1159/000535989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blood eosinophil count has been shown markedly variable across different populations. However, its distribution in Chinese general population remains unclear. We aimed to investigate blood eosinophil count and its determinants in a Chinese general population. METHODS In this population-based study, general citizens of Sichuan province in China were extracted from the China Pulmonary Health study. Data on demographics, personal and family history, living condition, lifestyle, spirometry, and complete blood count test were obtained and analyzed. A stepwise multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to identify determinants of high blood eosinophils (>75th percentile). RESULTS A total of 3,310 participants were included, with a mean age (standard deviation) of 47.0 (15.6) years. In total population, the median blood eosinophil count was 110.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 67.2-192.9) cells/μL, lower than that in smokers (133.4 cells/μL, IQR: 79.3-228.4) and patients with asthma (140.7 cells/μL, IQR: 79.6-218.2) or post-bronchodilator airflow limitation (141.5 cells/μL, IQR: 82.6-230.1), with a right-skewed distribution. Multivariate analyses revealed that oldness (aged ≥60 years) (odds ratio [OR]: 1.66, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11-2.48), smoking ≥20 pack-years (OR: 1.90, 95% CI: 1.20-3.00), raising a dog/cat (OR: 1.72, 95% CI: 1.17-2.52), and occupational exposure to dust, allergen, and harmful gas (OR: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.15-2.15) were significantly associated with high blood eosinophils. CONCLUSION This study identifies a median blood eosinophil count of 110.0 cells/μL and determinants of high blood eosinophils in a Chinese general population, including oldness (aged ≥60 years), smoking ≥20 pack-years, raising a dog/cat, and occupational exposure to dust, allergen, and harmful gas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Yang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Lv
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of General Practice, Mianyang Central Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Mianyang, China
| | - Shijie Tang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Lab of Pulmonary Diseases, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Diandian Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zenglin Liao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoou Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Kiviruusu O, Berg N, Piirtola M, Viertiö S, Suvisaari J, Korhonen T, Marttunen M. Life course associations between smoking and depressive symptoms. A 30-year Finnish follow-up study. Nicotine Tob Res 2024:ntae012. [PMID: 38243907 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Relatively little is known whether the association between smoking and depressive symptoms changes with age and how the trajectories of smoking and depressive symptoms are intertwined during the life course. In this population-based study, these associations were examined from young adulthood to middle age. METHODS Participants of a Finnish cohort study (N=1955) were assessed at the ages of 22, 32, 42, and 52 using questionnaires covering daily smoking (yes/no) and the short 13-item Beck Depression Inventory. Longitudinal latent class and longitudinal latent profile analyses were used identify life course trajectories of smoking and depressive symptoms. RESULTS The proportions of daily smokers decreased, while levels of depressive symptoms increased among both females and males from age 22 to 52 years. Smoking was associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms from age 22 to 42, while not at 52. Associations among males prevailed when adjusting for education, marital status, and alcohol use. Four life course classes of daily smoking (non-smokers, decreasing prevalence of smoking, persistent smokers, and increasing prevalence of smoking) and four trajectories of depressive symptoms (low, increasing/moderate, decreasing/moderate, and high) were identified. In males, persistent daily smokers (RRR=4.5, 95% CI: 2.2-9.2) and those in the class with increasing smoking prevalence (RRR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.1-9.1) had an increased risk of belonging to the high depressive symptoms profile. In females these associations were non-significant. CONCLUSIONS Compared to females, the relationship between smoking and depressive symptoms seems more robust among males during adulthood. Specifically, males smoking persistently from young adulthood to middle age have an increased risk of high depressive symptoms trajectory. IMPLICATIONS This population-based cohort with 30 years of follow-up showed that the life course trajectories of daily smoking and depressive symptoms are associated. Persistent daily smokers and those starting late had an increased risk of belonging to the profile with constantly high levels of depressive symptoms during the life course. However, these associations were statistically significant only in males. Actions should be strengthened, especially in males, to prevent smoking initiation, to help smoking cessation and identify and treat depression in smokers with significant depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olli Kiviruusu
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Berg
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Lifestyle and rehabilitation in long-term illness, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maarit Piirtola
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Satu Viertiö
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- University of Helsinki, Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mauri Marttunen
- Mental Health Team, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Hall I. Tobacco use: a smoking gun for IPF? Thorax 2024; 79:104-105. [PMID: 37852777 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2023-220483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Hall
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
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de With J, van der Heijden S, van Amelsvoort T, Daemen M, Simons C, Alizadeh B, van Aalst D, de Haan L, Vermeulen J, Schirmbeck F. The association between childhood trauma and tobacco smoking in patients with psychosis, unaffected siblings, and healthy controls. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2024:10.1007/s00406-023-01754-z. [PMID: 38231398 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01754-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
In patients with psychosis, rates of tobacco smoking and childhood trauma are significantly higher compared to the general population. Childhood trauma has been proposed as a risk factor for tobacco smoking. However, little is known about the relationship between childhood trauma and smoking in psychosis. In a subsample of the Genetic Risk and Outcome of Psychosis study (760 patients with psychosis, 991 unaffected siblings, and 491 healthy controls), tobacco smoking was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and childhood trauma was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to assess associations between trauma and smoking, while correcting for confounders. Positive associations were found between total trauma, abuse, and neglect, and an increased risk for smoking in patients, while correcting for age and gender (ORtrauma 1.77, 95% CI 1.30-2.42, p < 0.001; ORabuse 1.69, 95% CI 1.23-2.31, p = 0.001; ORneglect 1.48, 95% CI 1.08-2.02, p = 0.014). In controls, total trauma and abuse were positively associated with smoking, while correcting for age and gender (ORtrauma 2.40, 95% CI 1.49-3.88, p < 0.001; ORabuse 2.02, 96% CI 1.23-3.32, p = 0.006). All associations lost their significance after controlling for additional covariates and multiple testing. Findings suggest that the association between childhood trauma and tobacco smoking can be mainly explained by confounders (gender, cannabis use, and education) in patients with psychosis. These identified aspects should be acknowledged in tobacco cessation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine de With
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam, UMC (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sanne van der Heijden
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam, UMC (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Therese van Amelsvoort
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maud Daemen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Claudia Simons
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- GGzE Institute for Mental Health Care, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Behrooz Alizadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne van Aalst
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam, UMC (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lieuwe de Haan
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam, UMC (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arkin, Institute for Mental Health, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jentien Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam, UMC (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike Schirmbeck
- Department of Psychiatry Amsterdam, UMC (Location AMC), Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Mental Health, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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213
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Agyekum F, Folson AA, Abaidoo B, Appiah LT, Adu-Boakye Y, Ayetey H, Owusu IK. Behavioural and nutritional risk factors for cardiovascular diseases among the Ghanaian population- a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:194. [PMID: 38229036 PMCID: PMC10790451 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle behavioural risk factors have been linked to increased cardiovascular disease. Recent data have shown increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) burden in Ghana. This study aimed to describe the behavioural and nutritional risk factors for ASCVD among Ghanaians, and how these risk factors vary by ethnicity, demography and residence. METHODS We used data from the Ghana Heart Study, a community-based cross-sectional study that recruited participants from eight communities from four regions using a multi-stage sampling technique. Information about various lifestyle behaviours (LBs), including cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, physical inactivity, and fruit and vegetable intake, was obtained using a questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS statistics 25. Univariate and multivariate analysis was used to test associations between demographic characteristics and various LBs. RESULTS The participants' median (interquartile) age was 46.0 (27.0) years. Of the 1,106 participants (58% females, 80.4% urban dwellers), 8.6% reported using tobacco, 48.9% alcohol, 83.7% physically inactive, 81.4% and 84.9% inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, respectively. Age, sex, ethnicity, and religion were associated with tobacco use, whereas age, sex, educational level, marital status, ethnicity, employment status, and region of residence were associated with physical inactivity. Similarly, ethnicity, employment status, and residence region were associated with inadequate fruit and vegetable intake. Rural dwellers were more likely to be physically inactive and consume inadequate fruits and vegetables. Almost 92% had a combination of two or more LBs. The main predictors of two or more LBs for ASCVD were educational level, marital status, ethnicity, and employment status. CONCLUSION Lifestyle risk factors for ASCVD were highly prevalent in Ghana, with significant age, sex, ethnic, and regional differences. These risky lifestyle behaviors tend to occur together and must be considered in tailoring public health education. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800017374.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Agyekum
- Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Aba Ankomaba Folson
- Department of Medicine, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Volta Region, Ghana
| | - Benjamin Abaidoo
- Department of Surgery, College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lambert Tetteh Appiah
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Adu-Boakye
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Harold Ayetey
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Isaac Kofi Owusu
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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214
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Farag AGA, Badr EAE, Kholif AOA, Khalifa MN, Ghanem MMM. Serum and Seminal Plasma Levels of Lead and Arsenic in Cigarette Smokers and Their Relation to the Semen Parameters. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-023-04039-7. [PMID: 38180596 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-04039-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Male infertility along with altered semen parameters have been related to smoking. Smoking-related elevations in serum and seminal lead (Pb) and arsenic (As) may play a role in mediating the toxic effects of smoking on seminogram. This research aims to determine whether smoking has any significant impact on Pb and As levels in the seminal plasma and serum, as well as on the various semen parameters, when compared to nonsmokers. In total, 80 adult males were included: 60 smokers and 20 age-matched nonsmokers. Based on the number of cigarettes smoked/day (CPD), the smokers were categorized into mild (1-10), moderate (11-20), and severe (> 20). The analysis of semen was conducted in accordance with the 2010 WHO laboratory manual. Using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer, Pb and As concentrations in the serum and seminal plasma of all groups were determined. Compared to nonsmokers, smokers had a significantly reduced sperm count, motility, and viability, as well as a larger percentage of aberrant forms (P = 0.001, 0.025, 0.034, 0.002 respectively). Smokers had higher Pb concentrations in their serum and seminal fluid than nonsmokers (P = 0.002, 0.001 respectively). Seminal Pb had a significant negative correlation with sperm count (P = 0.004, r = -0.320). Serum Pb levels were found to positively correlate with seminal Pb levels (P 0.001, r = 0.648), and cigarette smokers had substantially greater seminal As levels than nonsmokers (P = 0.024). Sperm viability was strongly inversely related to seminal As (P = 0.042, r = -0.264). Seminal As levels and aberrant sperm shapes were found to be significantly correlated (P = 0.001, r = 0.414). In smokers, a significant positive relationship between seminal As and seminal Pb was observed. Therefore, semen parameters could be adversely affected by smoking through high levels of Pb and As (P = 0.012, r = 0.298).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Gaber Antar Farag
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Eman Abd-Elfatah Badr
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Alaa Osama Ali Kholif
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Nabil Khalifa
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mai Medhat Mohamed Ghanem
- Dermatology, Andrology and STDs department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt.
- , Birket El Sabe, 32661, Menoufia, Egypt.
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215
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Taniguchi C, Narisada A, Ohshima Y, Inagaki K, Ito M, Ohashi W, Morimoto N, Suzuki K. Interactive Effects of Sex and Smoking on Palmoplantar Pustulosis: Japanese Healthcare Claim Database Study. J Invest Dermatol 2024:S0022-202X(24)00003-4. [PMID: 38185414 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Taniguchi
- College of Nursing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
| | - Akihiko Narisada
- Institute for Occupational Health Science, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohshima
- Department of Dermatology, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Koji Inagaki
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Junior College, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- College of Nursing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Wataru Ohashi
- Division of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, Aichi Medical University Hospital, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Naoki Morimoto
- College of Nursing, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan
| | - Kohta Suzuki
- Institute for Occupational Health Science, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan; Department of Health and Psychosocial Medicine, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan
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216
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Kock L, Shahab L, Garnett C, Oldham M, Tattan-Birch H, Angus C, Brose L, Brown J. Brief interventions for smoking and alcohol associated with the COVID-19 pandemic: a population survey in England. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:76. [PMID: 38172788 PMCID: PMC10763226 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17559-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Following the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, in March 2020 health care delivery underwent considerable changes. It is unclear how this may have affected the delivery of Brief Interventions (BIs) for smoking and alcohol. We examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the receipt of BIs for smoking and alcohol in primary care in England and whether certain priority groups (e.g., less advantaged socioeconomic positions, or a history of a mental health condition) were differentially affected. METHODS We used nationally representative data from a monthly cross-sectional survey in England between 03/2014 and 06/2022. Monthly trends in the receipt of BIs for smoking and alcohol were examined using generalised additive models among adults who smoked in the past-year (weighted N = 31,390) and those using alcohol at increasing and higher risk levels (AUDIT score 38, weighted N = 22,386), respectively. Interactions were tested between social grade and the change in slope after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and results reported stratified by social grade. Further logistic regression models assessed whether changes in the of receipt of BIs for smoking and alcohol, respectively, from 12/2016 to 01/2017 and 10/2020 to 06/2022 (or 03/2022 in the case of BIs for alcohol), depended on history of a mental health condition. RESULTS The receipt of smoking BIs declined from an average prevalence of 31.8% (95%CI 29.4-35.0) pre-March 2020 to 24.4% (95%CI 23.5-25.4) post-March 2020. The best-fitting model found that after March 2020 there was a 12-month decline before stabilising by June 2022 in social grade ABC1 at a lower level (~ 20%) and rebounding among social grade C2DE (~ 27%). Receipt of BIs for alcohol was low (overall: 4.1%, 95%CI 3.9-4.4) and the prevalence was similar pre- and post-March 2020. CONCLUSIONS The receipt of BIs for smoking declined following March 2020 but rebounded among priority socioeconomic groups of people who smoked. BIs for alcohol among those who use alcohol at increasing and higher risk levels were low and there was no appreciable change over time. Maintaining higher BI delivery among socioeconomic and mental health priority groups of smokers and increasing and higher risk alcohol users is important to support reductions in smoking and alcohol related inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loren Kock
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK.
- SPECTRUM Research Consortium, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Lion Shahab
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- SPECTRUM Research Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Claire Garnett
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- SPECTRUM Research Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Melissa Oldham
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- SPECTRUM Research Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Harry Tattan-Birch
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- SPECTRUM Research Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Colin Angus
- SPECTRUM Research Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
- School of Health and Related Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Leonie Brose
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Brown
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
- SPECTRUM Research Consortium, Edinburgh, UK
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Silva CMM, Teixeira GFD, de Brito GCC, Lacerda MAA, Rocha FAC. Outcome of reverse shoulder arthroplasty secondary to rotator cuff arthropathy in a low-income population. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:13. [PMID: 38167047 PMCID: PMC10759598 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-023-07124-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a valuable treatment for rotator cuff arthropathy (RCA) in developed regions. Socioeconomic issues impact access to specialized care and there is a lack of data on RSA outcomes in developing regions. We present our 24-month follow-up on RSA surgeries to treat RCA in our low-income population. METHODS Prospective evaluation of 26 patients subjected to RSA at Hospital Geral de Fortaleza-CE, Brazil, between January 2018 and December 2020. Literacy [>/≤ 8 school years(SY)] and income were documented. Outcomes considered pain (visual analogue scale; VAS) as well as SSV, SPADI, ASES, and UCLA scoring, and range of motion [forward flexion (FF); external rotation (ER)]. RESULTS Patients were 68.5 ± 7.6 years-old with 16(61.5%) females; 65% had hypertension and 7 (26.9%) had diabetes. Over 90% declared < 900.00 US$ monthly family earnings and 10 (38.4%) patients declared ≤8 SY with > 80% exerting blue-collar jobs. Pain showed a significant reduction from baseline (8 ± 2) to 24 months (2.1 ± 2.3; p < 0.001). UCLA (10.3 ± 5.6 and 28.6 ± 7.2), ASES (16.7 ± 10.8 and 63.1 ± 28.4), SSV (326 ± 311 and 760 ± 234), and SPADI (98.3 ± 26.5) scores significantly improved from baseline to 24 months, achieving minimal clinically important difference. FF (89.2° ± 51.2° to 140.6 ± 38.3°) and ER (19.2° ± 22.5 to 33.4° ± 20.6°) significantly improved from baseline to 24 months (p = 0.004 and 0.027, respectively). There were 5 non-serious adverse events with one surgical revision. All patients returned to daily life activities. CONCLUSION This is the first outcome report 2 years following RSA in a low-income population. Data indicate this procedure is justifiable regardless of socioeconomic issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M M Silva
- Orthopaedic Service, Shoulder and Elbow Group, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marco A A Lacerda
- Orthopaedic Service, Shoulder and Elbow Group, Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Francisco A C Rocha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil.
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Kurt ZK, Demir Hacıosmanoğlu G, Yıldırım M, Özaslan A. Adolescent smoking patterns: Associations with sociodemographic factors, cyberbullying, and psychiatric diagnoses in an outpatient clinical sample. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-19. [PMID: 38165398 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2023.2299873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
There is a scarcity of research on smoking in adolescents within a clinical (outpatient) sample, and there is no existing knowledge on the relationship between cyberbullying and smoking in this population. The primary aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of smoking among adolescents in a clinical sample. Additionally, it aims to examine the potential associations between smoking status and factors such as socioeconomic characteristics, psychiatric diagnoses, and cyberbullying levels. A cross-sectional study was performed on 200 adolescents who visited a tertiary child and adolescent psychiatry outpatient clinic. Participants were assessed using the DSM-5 based psychiatric evaluation, the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version-DSM-5 Turkish Adaptation (K-SADS-PL-DSM-5-T), the Revised Cyber Bullying Inventory-II, and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence. The study found that 21% of the sample consisted of regular smokers, with a higher prevalence observed among older adolescents. The prevalence of depression and disruptive behavior disorders was significantly greater in the smoking group compared to other groups (p:0.043, p < 0.001, respectively). There was a significant difference in the scores for the cyberbullying bully subdimension among smokers (p = 0.013). The results of the multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated significant associations between smoking and age, maternal smoking status, friends smoking status, and a diagnosis of disruptive behavior disorder (p < 0.05 for all variables). This study reveals a significant prevalence of adolescent smoking in an outpatient clinic. These findings highlight the necessity of implementing focused smoking cessation interventions for this specific population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Kübra Kurt
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Murat Yıldırım
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Science and Letters, Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University, Ağrı, Turkey
- Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ahmet Özaslan
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Department, Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey
- Child Protection Research and Application Center, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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219
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Wei Y, Edstorp J, Feychting M, Andersson T, Carlsson S. Prenatal and adult exposure to smoking and incidence of type 1 diabetes in children and adults-a nationwide cohort study with a family-based design. Lancet Reg Health Eur 2024; 36:100775. [PMID: 38019976 PMCID: PMC10652139 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanepe.2023.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Prenatal exposure to smoking is linked to a reduced risk of type 1 diabetes in children. We wanted to find out if the risk of adult-onset type 1 diabetes is reduced in individuals who are exposed to smoking prenatally or during adulthood. Methods We linked Swedish, nationwide registers and prospectively analyzed incidence of type 1 diabetes in relation to maternal smoking during pregnancy and adult smoking. Everyone was followed until age 30 or year 2019. We employed cohort and sibling design and used adjusted Cox regression and conditional logistic regression. Findings For analyses of maternal smoking there were 3,170,386 individuals (18,745 cases of type 1 diabetes) and for adult smoking 1,608,291 individuals (1274 cases). Prenatal exposure to smoking was associated with lower incidence of type 1 diabetes during childhood and young adulthood (age 20-24, Hazard ratio (HR) 0.76, 95% Confidence interval 0.67-0.87), but not at higher ages. The HR associated with adult smoking was estimated at 1.14 (CI 1.00-1.31) overall and 1.34 (CI 1.03-1.75) in those with family history of diabetes. In sibling analyses, the odds ratio (OR) of type 1 diabetes in relation to prenatal exposure was 0.71 (CI 0.62-0.81) in children and 1.06 (CI 0.75-1.51) in adults (age 19-30), while adult smoking conferred an OR of 1.59 (CI 1.08-2.35). Interpretation These findings indicate that a reduced risk conferred by tobacco exposure is limited to the prenatal period and type 1 diabetes developing during childhood. Adult smoking may be a risk factor for adult-onset type 1 diabetes, especially in people with family history of diabetes. Funding Swedish Research Councils, Swedish Diabetes and Novo Nordisk Foundations, China Scholarship Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxia Wei
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden
| | - Jessica Edstorp
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden
| | - Maria Feychting
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden
| | - Tomas Andersson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden
- Center for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Region Stockholm, Solnavägen 4, Stockholm S-113 65, Sweden
| | - Sofia Carlsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Box 210, Stockholm S-171 77, Sweden
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220
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Schoeps VA, Cortese M, Munger KL, Mancuso JD, Niebuhr DW, Peng X, Ascherio A, Bjornevik K. Smoking and multiple sclerosis risk in black people: A nested case-control study. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2024; 81:105375. [PMID: 38104478 PMCID: PMC10843624 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.105375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking is a well-established risk factor for MS; however, it is not known whether its effect on disease risk varies by race/ethnicity. METHODS We conducted a nested case-control study among US military personnel who have serum samples stored at the Department of Defense Serum Repository. We measured serum cotinine levels, a marker of tobacco smoke exposure, in 157 Black and 23 White individuals who developed MS during follow-up. Controls were randomly selected and matched to each case by age, sex, race/ethnicity, dates of sample collection, and branch of military service. RESULTS Smoking was not associated with an increased risk of MS in Black people (RR: 1.08, 95 % CI: 0.63-1.85). The results remained similar in analyses restricted to smoking status at baseline, to samples collected 5 years before symptom onset, and using different cut-off levels in cotinine to define smoking status. Smoking was not statistically significantly associated with MS risk in White people, but the point estimate was similar to what has previously been reported in other studies (RR: 1.85, 95 % CI: 0.56-6.16). CONCLUSIONS Smoking was not associated with MS risk in Black people. Given the consistent association between smoking and MS risk in predominantly White populations, this may suggest that the association between smoking and MS varies by race/ethnicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinicius A Schoeps
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Marianna Cortese
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kassandra L Munger
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James D Mancuso
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David W Niebuhr
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Biostatistics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xiaojing Peng
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alberto Ascherio
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kjetil Bjornevik
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Yuvashri P, Renuka Devi R, Esther Nalini H, Arun Kumar Prasad P. Estimating the salivary levels of IL-35 in smokers with periodontitis: A cross sectional study. Saudi Dent J 2024; 36:168-172. [PMID: 38375376 PMCID: PMC10874796 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A refined network and integrated host immune response to bacteria are formed by anti-inflammatory cytokines and the cells that they are associated to IL-35 has been recognized as having strong suppressive activity in chronic inflammatory diseases, together with IL-10 and TGF-β. It is believed that inflammatory diseases like periodontitis trigger the inducible Treg population to express IL-35, expanding regulatory responses by increasing infection. Aim The objective is to estimate and compare the salivary IL-35 levels in Periodontally healthy subjects, smokers and non-smokers with Periodontitis in order to educate on the consequences of periodontal health among the diseased patients. Materials and Methods Totally 42 subjects were included and they were categorized into Group 1 (n = 14) as Periodontally healthy subjects, Group 2 (n = 14) as systemically healthy non-Smokers with periodontitis and Group 3 (n = 14) as systemically healthy smokers with periodontitis. Each subject was assessed for clinical parameters such as Plaque index, Gingival index, Probing depth, clinical attachment. A polypropylene tube was used to collect unstimulated saliva and centrifuged it at 800 × g for 10 min. Supernatants were collected and stored at -80◦C. A commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit was used to analyse levels of human salivary IL-35. Results The average age of the subjects in Group 1, Group 2 and Group 3 were 50.53, 52.93 and 52.07 years respectively. All three groups showed a statistically significant difference in clinical parameters including Plaque index, Gingival index, Probing depth and clinical attachment. The salivary IL-35 level was found to be elevated in non-smokers who have periodontitis compared to smokers with periodontitis and healthy individuals. Despite this, the salivary IL-35 levels were found to be statistically significant among three groups at P < 0.001. Conclusion The salivary levels of IL-35 were found to increase in Periodontitis patients with/without smoking, along with increased clinical parameters. IL-35 is considered a influential biomarker for periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Yuvashri
- Department of Periodontology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R. Renuka Devi
- Department of Periodontology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - H. Esther Nalini
- Department of Periodontology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P. Arun Kumar Prasad
- Department of Periodontology, KSR Institute of Dental Science and Research, Tamil Nadu, India
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Baek MS, Shin H, Gu KM, Jung HI, Kim WY, Jung JW, Shin JW, Jung SY, Kim JY. Sex differences in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease characteristics: the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2018. Korean J Intern Med 2024; 39:137-147. [PMID: 38092558 PMCID: PMC10790036 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2023.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is less prevalent in females than males, but it affects mortality in females. There may be sex differences in the clinical characteristics of COPD. METHODS We analyzed the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset from 2007 to 2018. We compared the clinical characteristics and comorbidities in subjects with COPD according to sex. We adjusted the multivariate logistic regression of lung cancer prevalence according to COPD and sex by age and smoking amount. RESULTS Females with COPD tended to be older than males with COPD (64.1 ± 0.4 yr vs. 62.3 ± 0.2 yr, respectively, p < 0.001). Approximately 89% of males with COPD had a smoking history, while 86% of females with COPD were non-smokers (p < 0.001). Household income was lower (p < 0.001) and asthma and overall malignancy were more prevalent in females with COPD than males with COPD (25.5 vs. 11.6%, respectively, p < 0.001; (6.3 vs. 5.4%, respectively, p < 0.001). However, lung cancer was more common in males with COPD than females with COPD (0.9 vs. 0.1%, respectively, p < 0.001). Lung cancer prevalence increased in males with moderate COPD compared to subjects without COPD (OR, 4.409; 95% CI, 1.741-9.419). CONCLUSION Females with COPD had a lower smoking rate, household income, and lung cancer prevalence than males with COPD. More active COPD screening is needed for women of low socioeconomic status, even if they do not smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon Seong Baek
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Haegwang Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Kang-Mo Gu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Hae In Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Won Young Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jae-Woo Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | - Jong-Wook Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
| | | | - Jae-Yeol Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul,
Korea
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223
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Kwon S, Lee SR, Choi EK, Lee SW, Jung JH, Han KD, Ahn HJ, Oh S, Lip GYH. Impact of Unhealthy Lifestyles on Patients with Atrial Fibrillation at Low Risk of Stroke: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Am J Med 2024; 137:37-46.e6. [PMID: 37832755 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2023.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of unhealthy lifestyles on clinical outcomes among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who are at low risk of stroke remains uncertain. The study objective was to evaluate the association between unhealthy lifestyles and clinical outcomes among low-risk AF patients with 0-1 non-sex risk factor of the CHA2DS2-VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, prior Stroke or transient ischemic attack [TIA], Vascular disease, Age 65-74 years, female Sex;) score. METHODS A total of 52,451 low-risk AF patients (mean age 51.6 ± 10.4 years) were evaluated with the National Health Insurance Service of the Republic of Korea database between 2009 and 2016. Using the survey on health habits, an unhealthy lifestyle score (ULS) was calculated by adding one point each if a respondent had a sedentary lifestyle, drinking, or smoking. The primary outcome was the composite of myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, heart failure, and all-cause death. Multivariable Cox regression analysis was used to estimate the risk of the study outcome according to the ULS. RESULTS There was a total of 12,792 (24.4%), 24,785 (47.3%), 11,602 (22.1%), and 3272 (6.2%) low-risk AF patients with 0 to 3 points of the ULS, respectively. The median follow-up period was 4.1 (2.1-6.1) years. Compared with the healthiest-lifestyle group (ULS 0), the other groups were associated with significantly higher risks of the primary outcome, with a gradually increasing trend according to the ULS (adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval] =1.17 [1.05-1.31], 1.37 [1.21-1.56], 1.82 [1.53-2.17], for the groups with ULS 1, 2, and 3, respectively). CONCLUSION Unhealthy lifestyles, including a sedentary lifestyle, drinking, and smoking, may synergistically impact poor clinical outcomes in AF patients who are deemed to be at low risk of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soonil Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ryoung Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Eue-Keun Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seung-Woo Lee
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Jin-Hyung Jung
- Department of Medical Statistics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul
| | - Kyung-Do Han
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, Soongsil University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jeong Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea
| | - Seil Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Republic of Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Republic of Korea; Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Chest & Heart Hospital, United Kingdom; Danish Center for Clinical Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
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224
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Thrasher JF, Ferguson SG, Hackworth EE, Wu CL, Lambert VC, Porticella N, Kim M, Hardin JW, Niederdeppe J. Combining Inserts With Warning Labels on Cigarette Packs to Promote Smoking Cessation: A 2-Week Randomized Trial. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:56-66. [PMID: 37738629 PMCID: PMC10729784 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cigarette pack inserts with messages on cessation benefits and advice are a promising labeling policy that may help promote smoking cessation. PURPOSE To assess insert effects, with and without accompanying pictorial health warning labels(HWLs), on hypothesized psychosocial and behavioral outcomes. METHODS We conducted a 2 × 2 between-subject randomized trial (inserts with efficacy messages vs. no inserts; large pictorial HWLs vs. small text HWLs), with 367 adults who smoked at least 10 cigarettes a day. Participants received a 14-day supply of their preferred cigarettes with packs modified to reflect their experimental condition. Over 2 weeks, we surveyed participants approximately 4-5 times a day during their smoking sessions, querying feelings about smoking, level of worry about harms from smoking, self-efficacy to cut down on cigarettes, self-efficacy to quit, hopefulness about quitting, and motivation to quit. Each evening, participants reported their perceived susceptibility to smoking harms and, for the last 24 hr, their frequency of thinking about smoking harms and cessation benefits, conversations about smoking cessation or harms, and foregoing or stubbing out cigarettes before they finished smoking. Mixed-effects ordinal and logistic models were estimated to evaluate differences between groups. RESULTS Participants whose packs included inserts were more likely than those whose packs did not include inserts to report foregoing or stubbing out of cigarettes (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.36, 4.20). Otherwise, no statistically significant associations were found between labeling conditions and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This study provides some evidence, albeit limited, that pack inserts with efficacy messages can promote behaviors that predict smoking cessation attempts.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Thrasher
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Stuart G Ferguson
- College of Health & Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Emily E Hackworth
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Chung-Li Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Victoria C Lambert
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Norman Porticella
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy and Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Health Promotion, Education & Behavior, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - James W Hardin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jeff Niederdeppe
- Jeb E. Brooks School of Public Policy and Department of Communication, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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225
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Ridany I, Akika R, Saliba NA, Tamim H, Badr K, Zgheib NK. Aromatic Hydrocarbon Receptor Repressor (AHRR) is a biomarker of ambient air pollution exposure and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 105:104344. [PMID: 38103810 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Two hundred and twenty subjects were recruited while undergoing cardiac catheterization. AHRR cg05575921 methylation was shown to be significantly decreased in ever smokers compared to never smokers (Mean± SD = 64.2 ± 17.2 vs 80.1 ± 11.1 respectively; P < 0.0001). In addition, higher urinary levels of 2-OHNAP and 2-OHFLU were significantly associated with more AHRR cg05575921 hypomethylation, even after correcting for smoking (β[95%CI]= -4.161[-7.553, -0.769]; P = 0.016 and -5.190[-9.761, -0.618]; P = 0.026, respectively) but not 1-OHPYR (β[95%CI]= -3.545 [-10.935, 3.845]; P = 0.345). Additionally, hypomethylation of AHRR ROI was significantly associated with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) after adjusting for smoking, age, sex, diabetes and dyslipidemia (OR [95%CI] = 1.024[1.000 - 1.048]; P = 0.046). Results of this study necessitate further validation to potentially consider clinical incorporation of AHRR methylation status as an early predictive biomarker for the potential association between ambient air pollution and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ridany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Reem Akika
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Najat Aoun Saliba
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hani Tamim
- Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kamal Badr
- Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nathalie Khoueiry Zgheib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Vascular Medicine Program, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
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226
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Jiang Y, Yang K, Jia B, Gao Y, Chen Y, Chen P, Lu X, Zhang W, Wang X. Nicotine destructs dental stem cell-based periodontal tissue regeneration. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:231-245. [PMID: 38303843 PMCID: PMC10829564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Nicotine is a widely known addictive and toxic substance in cigarette that exacerbates periodontitis. However, its deleterious effects on dental stem cells and subsequent implications in tissue regeneration remain unclear. This study aimed to explore the effects of nicotine on the regenerative capacity of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) based on transcriptomics and proteomics, and determined possible targeted genes associated with smoking-related periodontitis. Materials and methods hPDLSCs were treated with different concentrations of nicotine ranging from 10-3 to 10-8 M. Transcriptomics and proteomics were performed and confirmed employing Western blot, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining. A ligature-induced periodontitis mouse model was established and administrated with nicotine (16.2 μg/10 μL) via gingival sulcus. The bone resorption was assessed by micro-computed tomography and histological staining. Key genes were identified using multi-omics analysis with verifications in hPDLSCs and human periodontal tissues. Results Based on enrichments analysis, nicotine-treated hPDLSCs exhibited decreased proliferation and differentiation abilities. Local administration of nicotine in mouse model significantly aggravated bone resorption and undermined periodontal tissue regeneration by inhibiting the endogenous dental stem cells regenerative ability. HMGCS1, GPNMB, and CHRNA7 were hub-genes according to the network analysis and corelated with proliferation and differentiation capabilities, which were also verified in both cells and tissues. Conclusion Our study investigated the destructive effects of nicotine on the regeneration of periodontal tissues from aspects of in vitro and in vivo with the supporting information from both transcriptome and proteome, providing novel targets into the molecular mechanisms of smoking-related periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kuan Yang
- School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Bo Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- School of Biomedical Science, Li Ka-shing School of Medicine, Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yujiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoxi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Biotechnology Center, School of Pharmacy, Forth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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227
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Vigneswaran G, Maclean D, Doshi N, Harris M, Bryant TJC, Hacking NC, Somani B, Modi S. Cardiovascular Comorbidities Do Not Impact Prostate Artery Embolisation (PAE) Outcomes: Retrospective Analysis of the National UK-ROPE Registry. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 2024; 47:115-120. [PMID: 38012342 PMCID: PMC10770187 DOI: 10.1007/s00270-023-03608-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Prostate artery embolisation (PAE) is a key treatment for the management of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Common cardiovascular risk factors might be associated with suboptimal outcomes and thus influence patient treatment selection. The aim of the study was to evaluate whether cardiovascular comorbidities affect PAE outcomes. METHODS Retrospective subset analysis of the UK Registry of Prostate Artery Embolisation (UK-ROPE) database was performed with patients who had a full documented past medical histories including hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes and smoking status as well as international prostate symptom score (IPSS) at baseline and at 12 months. Multiple regression was performed to assess for any significant predictors. RESULTS Comorbidity data were available for 100/216 patients (mean age 65.8 ± 6.4 years), baseline IPSS 20.9 ± 7.0). Regression analysis revealed that the presence of hypertension (53.7% IPSS reduction vs. absence 51.4%, p = 0.94), diabetes (52.6% vs. absence 52.1%, p = 0.6), CAD (59.2% vs. absence 51.4%, p = 0.95), no comorbidities (49.8% vs. any comorbidity present 55.3%, p = 0.66), smoking status (non-smoker, 52.6%, current smoker, 61.5%, ex-smoker, 49.8%, p > 0.05), age (p = 0.52) and baseline Qmax (p = 0.41) did not significantly impact IPSS reduction at 12 months post-PAE. Baseline prostate volume significantly influenced IPSS reduction (≥ 80 cc prostates, 58.9% vs. < 80 cc prostates 43.2%, p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The presence of cardiovascular comorbidities/smoking history does not appear to significantly impact PAE symptom score outcomes at 12 months post procedure. Our findings suggest that if the prostatic artery can be accessed, then clinical success is comparable to those without cardiovascular comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Vigneswaran
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Drew Maclean
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Neel Doshi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Cancer Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Mark Harris
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Timothy J C Bryant
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Nigel C Hacking
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Bhaskar Somani
- Department of Urology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sachin Modi
- Department of Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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228
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Muenstermann C, Clemens KJ. Epigenetic mechanisms of nicotine dependence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105505. [PMID: 38070842 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Smoking continues to be a leading cause of preventable disease and death worldwide. Nicotine dependence generates a lifelong propensity towards cravings and relapse, presenting an ongoing challenge for the development of treatments. Accumulating evidence supports a role for epigenetics in the development and maintenance of addiction to many drugs of abuse, however, the involvement of epigenetics in nicotine dependence is less clear. Here we review evidence that nicotine interacts with epigenetic mechanisms to enable the maintenance of nicotine-seeking across time. Research across species suggests that nicotine increases permissive histone acetylation, decreases repressive histone methylation, and modulates levels of DNA methylation and noncoding RNA expression throughout the brain. These changes are linked to the promoter regions of genes critical for learning and memory, reward processing and addiction. Pharmacological manipulation of enzymes that catalyze core epigenetic modifications regulate nicotine reward and associative learning, demonstrating a functional role of epigenetic modifications in nicotine dependence. These findings are consistent with nicotine promoting an overall permissive chromatin state at genes important for learning, memory and reward. By exploring these links through next-generation sequencing technologies, epigenetics provides a promising avenue for future interventions to treat nicotine dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelly J Clemens
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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229
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Vila-Farinas A, Pérez-Rios M, Montes-Martinez A, Ruano-Ravina A, Forray A, Rey-Brandariz J, Candal-Pedreira C, Fernández E, Casal-Acción B, Varela-Lema L. Effectiveness of smoking cessation interventions among pregnant women: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107854. [PMID: 37683574 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To carry out a systematic review of systematic reviews with an update of the existing evidence relating to a broad range of smoking cessation interventions, including psycho-social, digital and pharmacologic interventions, for pregnant women. DATA-SOURCES Search was conducted in March 2022 in PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane in two stages: 1) a search of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, published from January 2012 through January 2022; 2) an update of those that fulfilled eligibility criteria reproducing the primary search strategy. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA We selected randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness of pharmacological, digital, and psychosocial interventions in aged 18 years and over who were daily smokers, and compared these with routine care, less intense interventions or placebo. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS Data from eligible studies were manually extracted by two authors and reviewed by a third. The quality of the reviews was evaluated using the AMSTAR scale, and risk of bias was measured with the Rob-2 tool and GRADE level of evidence. RESULTS The meta-analysis included 63 RCTs (n = 19849 women). The interventions found to be effective were: financial incentives (RR:1.77; 95%CI:1.21-2.58), counseling (RR:1.27; 95%CI:1.13-1.43) and long-term nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) (RR:1.53; 95%CI:1.16-2.01). Short-term NRT, bupropion, digital interventions, feedback, social support, and exercise showed no effectiveness. The GRADE level of evidence was moderate-to-high for all interventions, with the exception of long-term NRT. CONCLUSIONS Non-pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation are the most effective for pregnant women. The moderator analysis suggests that pregnant women of low socioeconomic status might benefit less from smoking cessation interventions than women of a high socioeconomic status. These women are usually heavier smokers that live in pro-smoking environments and could require more intensive and targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vila-Farinas
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - M Pérez-Rios
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain.
| | - A Montes-Martinez
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Ruano-Ravina
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ariadna Forray
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J Rey-Brandariz
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - C Candal-Pedreira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - E Fernández
- Tobacco Control Unit, WHO Collaborating Center for Tobacco Control, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO), Barcelona, Spain; Tobacco Control Research Group, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; CIBER of Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), Madrid, Spain
| | - B Casal-Acción
- Galician Agency for Health Knowledge Management (avalia-t; ACIS), Santiago de Compsotela, Spain
| | - L Varela-Lema
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain; Consortium for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias/CibeRes), Madrid, Spain
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Khoj L, Zagà V, Amram DL, Hosein K, Pistone G, Bisconti M, Serafini A, Cammarata LM, Cattaruzza MS, Mura M. Effects of cannabis smoking on the respiratory system: A state-of-the-art review. Respir Med 2024; 221:107494. [PMID: 38056532 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2023.107494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The diminished perception of the health risks associated with the consumption of cannabis (marijuana) lead to a progressive increase in its inhalational use in many countries. Cannabis can be smoked through the use of joints, spliffs and blunts, and it can be vaporised with the use of hookah or e-cigarettes. Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the main psychoactive component of cannabis smoke but contains numerous other substances. While the recreational use of cannabis smoking has been legalised in several countries, its health consequences have been underestimated and undervalued. The purpose of this review is to critically review the impact of cannabis smoke on the respiratory system. Cannabis smoke irritates the bronchial tree and is strongly associated with symptoms of chronic bronchitis, with histological signs of airway inflammation and remodelling. Altered fungicidal and antibacterial activity of alveolar macrophages, with greater susceptibility to respiratory infections, is also reported. The association with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in immunocompromised subjects is particularly concerning. Although cannabis has been shown to produce a rapid bronchodilator effect, its chronic use is associated with poor control of asthma by numerous studies. Cannabis smoking also represents a risk factor for the development of bullous lung disease, spontaneous pneumothorax and hypersensitivity pneumonitis. On the other hand, no association with the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease was found. Finally, a growing number of studies report an independent association of cannabis smoking with the development of lung cancer. In conclusion, unequivocal evidence established that cannabis smoking is harmful to the respiratory system. Cannabis smoking has a wide range of negative effects on respiratory symptoms in both healthy subjects and patients with chronic lung disease. Given that the most common and cheapest way of assumption of cannabis is by smoking, healthcare providers should be prepared to provide counselling on cannabis smoking cessation and inform the public and decision-makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lugain Khoj
- Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Daniel L Amram
- Ambulatorio per la Cessazione del Fumo di Tabacco, ASL Toscana Nord Ovest, Pontedera, Italy
| | - Karishma Hosein
- Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Giovanni Pistone
- Centro per il Trattamento del Tabagismo, Local Health Unit, Novara, Italy
| | - Mario Bisconti
- U.O.C. Pneumologia - Ospedale "Vito Fazzi", Lecce, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
- Italian Society of Tobaccology, Bologna, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Mura
- Division of Respirology, Western University, London, ON, Canada
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231
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Kobayashi Y, Sakai C, Ishida T, Nagata M, Nakano Y, Ishida M. Mitochondrial DNA is a key driver in cigarette smoke extract-induced IL-6 expression. Hypertens Res 2024; 47:88-101. [PMID: 37848561 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-023-01463-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
Smoking is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis, the primary pathogenesis of which is inflammation. We recently reported that cigarette smoke extract (CSE) causes cytosolic and extracellular accumulation of both nuclear (n) and mitochondrial (mt) DNA, which leads to inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). In this study, we examined whether inflammation induction depends more on cytosolic nDNA or mtDNA, and which chemical constituents of CSE are involved. Acrolein (ACR), methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), and 2-cyclopenten-1-one (CPO) were used in the experiments, as these are the major cytotoxic factors in CSE in various cell types. Stimulation with ACR, MVK, or CPO alone resulted in the accumulation of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), but not oxidative DNA damage, accumulation of cytosolic DNA, or increased expression of inflammatory cytokines. Simultaneous administration of all three constituents (ALL) resulted in oxidative DNA damage in both the nucleus and mitochondria, accumulation of DSBs, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, induction of minority mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization, accumulation of cytosolic free DNA, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 and IL-1α. Treatment with N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a reactive oxygen species scavenger, suppressed oxidative DNA damage and the increased expression of IL-6 and IL-1α induced by ALL or CSE. The ALL- or CSE-induced increase in IL-6 expression, but not that of IL-1α, was suppressed by mtDNA depletion. In conclusion, ACR, MVK, and CPO may strongly contribute to CSE-induced inflammation. More importantly, cytosolic free mtDNA is thought to play an important role in IL-6 expression, a central mediator of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Kobayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Chiemi Sakai
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takafumi Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, 960-1295, Japan
| | - Minako Nagata
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Mari Ishida
- Department of Cardiovascular Physiology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
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Caspers S, Abramowicz S, Pasteels B, Postelmans L. Smoking and short-term response to intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor injections in neovascular age-related macular degeneration. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103955. [PMID: 37838498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the role of smoking status on the response to three monthly intravitreal anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (anti-VEGF) injections in treatment-naive neovascular AMD (nAMD) patients. METHODS We conducted a single-center, retrospective, case-control cohort study in Belgium. RESULTS Intravitreal treatment (IVT) was performed in 147 eyes of 131 patients, including 92 females (70%). Mean age at the time of the first IVT was 79±9 years. Seventeen patients (13%) were actively smoking at the time of the anti-VEGF IVT. On average, active smokers were 11 years younger than non-smokers when starting IVT treatment. They also showed more frequent subretinal fluid than non-smokers (94% vs. 65%). Mann-Whitney analyses comparing change in central macular thickness and change in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution visual acuity between active smokers and non-smokers showed no significant difference in treatment response between both groups. Likewise, no significant difference was found when comparing treatment response between patients with less than 10 pack-years (PY) (including never-smokers) and patients with over 10 PY. In a binary logistic regression model, male patients responded worse to anti-VEGF IVT than their female counterparts, with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.27 for good response. This was the only statistically significant predictor of treatment response. CONCLUSION Our study failed to demonstrate an effect of smoking on the short-term treatment response to anti-VEGF in nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Caspers
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Brugmann, université libre de Bruxelles, place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - S Abramowicz
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Brugmann, université libre de Bruxelles, place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Pasteels
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Brugmann, université libre de Bruxelles, place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
| | - L Postelmans
- Service d'ophtalmologie, CHU Brugmann, université libre de Bruxelles, place Van Gehuchten 4, 1020 Brussels, Belgium
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233
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Kokts-Porietis RL, Morielli AR, McNeil J, Benham JL, Courneya KS, Cook LS, Friedenreich CM. Prospective cohort of pre- and post-diagnosis alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking on survival outcomes: an Alberta Endometrial Cancer Cohort Study. Cancer Causes Control 2024; 35:121-132. [PMID: 37596424 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-023-01777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the independent and joint relationships between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with survival outcomes after endometrial cancer diagnosis. METHODS Pre- and post-diagnosis smoking and drinking histories were obtained from endometrial cancer survivors diagnosed between 2002 and 2006 during in-person interviews at-diagnosis and at ~ 3 years post-diagnosis. Participants were followed until death or January 2022. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated with Cox proportional hazards regression for associations with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS During a median 16.9 years of follow-up (IQR = 15.5-18.1 years), 152 of the 540 participants had a DFS event (recurrence: n = 73; deaths: n = 79) and 134 died overall. Most participants in this cohort were current drinkers (pre = 61.3%; post = 64.7%) while few were current cigarette smokers (pre = 12.8%; post = 11.5%). Pre-diagnosis alcohol consumption was not associated with survival, yet post-diagnosis alcohol intake ≥ 2 drinks/week was associated with worse OS compared with lifetime abstention (HR = 2.36, 95%CI = 1.00-5.54) as well as light intake (HR = 3.87, 95% CI = 1.67-8.96). Increased/consistently high alcohol intake patterns were associated with worse OS (HR = 2.91, 95% CI = 1.15-7.37) compared with patterns of decreased/ceased intake patterns after diagnosis. A harmful dose-response relationship per each additional pre-diagnosis smoking pack-year with OS was noted among ever smokers. In this cohort, smoking and alcohol individually were not associated with DFS and combined pre-diagnosis smoking and alcohol intakes were not associated with either outcome. CONCLUSION Endometrial cancer survivors with higher alcohol intakes after diagnosis had poorer OS compared with women who had limited exposure. Larger studies powered to investigate the individual and joint impacts of cigarette smoking and alcohol use patterns are warranted to provide additional clarity on these modifiable prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée L Kokts-Porietis
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Andria R Morielli
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica McNeil
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health and Human Sciences, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jamie L Benham
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kerry S Courneya
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport, and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Linda S Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Christine M Friedenreich
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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van de Weijer MP, Vermeulen J, Schrantee A, Munafò MR, Verweij KJH, Treur JL. The potential role of gray matter volume differences in the association between smoking and depression: A narrative review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 156:105497. [PMID: 38100958 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco use and major depression are both leading contributors to the global burden of disease and are also highly comorbid. Previous research indicates bi-directional causality between tobacco use and depression, but the mechanisms that underlie this causality are unclear, especially for the causality from tobacco use to depression. Here we narratively review the available evidence for a potential causal role of gray matter volume in the association. We summarize the findings of large existing neuroimaging meta-analyses, studies in UK Biobank, and the Enhancing NeuroImaging Genetics through MetaAnalysis (ENIGMA) consortium and assess the overlap in implicated brain areas. In addition, we review two types of methods that allow us more insight into the causal nature of associations between brain volume and depression/smoking: longitudinal studies and Mendelian Randomization studies. While the available evidence suggests overlap in the alterations in brain volumes implicated in tobacco use and depression, there is a lack of research examining the underlying pathophysiology. We conclude with recommendations on (genetically-informed) causal inference methods useful for studying these associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margot P van de Weijer
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Jentien Vermeulen
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Schrantee
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcus R Munafò
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, the United Kingdom
| | - Karin J H Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jorien L Treur
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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235
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Burton R, Fryers PT, Sharpe C, Clarke Z, Henn C, Hydes T, Marsden J, Pearce-Smith N, Sheron N. The independent and joint risks of alcohol consumption, smoking, and excess weight on morbidity and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring synergistic associations. Public Health 2024; 226:39-52. [PMID: 38000113 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol consumption, smoking, and excess weight independently increase the risk of morbidity/mortality. Less is known about how they interact. This research aims to quantify the independent and joint associations of these exposures across health outcomes and identify whether these associations are synergistic. STUDY DESIGN The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis was pre-registered (PROSPERO CRD42021231443). METHODS Medline and Embase were searched between 1 January 2010 and 9 February 2022. Eligible peer-reviewed observational studies had to include adult participants from Organisation for Co-Operation and Development countries and report independent and joint associations between at least two eligible exposures (alcohol, smoking, and excess weight) and an ICD-10 outcome (or equivalent). For all estimates, we calculated the synergy index (SI) to identify whether joint associations were synergistic. Meta-analyses were conducted for outcomes with sufficiently homogenous data. RESULTS The search returned 26,290 studies, of which 98 were included. Based on 138,130 participants, the combined effect (SI) of alcohol and smoking on head and neck cancer death/disease was 3.78 times greater than the additive effect of each exposure (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.61, 5.48). Based on 2,603,939 participants, the combined effect of alcohol and excess weight on liver disease/death was 1.55 times greater than the additive effect of each exposure (95% CI = 1.33, 1.82). CONCLUSION Synergistic associations suggest the true population-level risk may be underestimated. In the absence of bias, individuals with multiple risks would experience a greater absolute risk reduction from an intervention that targets a single exposure than individuals with a single risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Burton
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, England, United Kingdom.
| | - P T Fryers
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom
| | - C Sharpe
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom
| | - Z Clarke
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom
| | - C Henn
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom
| | - T Hydes
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University Hospital Aintree NHS Foundation Trust, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England, United Kingdom
| | - J Marsden
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, Kings College London, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - N Pearce-Smith
- Knowledge and Library Services, UK Health Security Agency, London, England, United Kingdom
| | - N Sheron
- Office for Health Improvement and Disparities (OHID), London, England, United Kingdom; Institute of Liver Studies, Kings College London School of Medicine at King's College Hospital, London, England, United Kingdom
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Baastrup Soendergaard M, Hansen S, Bjerrum AS, von Bülow A, Haakansson KEJ, Hilberg O, Ingebrigtsen TS, Johnsen CR, Lock-Johansson S, Makowska Rasmussen L, Schmid JM, Ulrik CS, Porsbjerg C. Tobacco Exposure and Efficacy of Biologic Therapy in Patients With Severe Asthma: A Nationwide Study From the Danish Severe Asthma Register. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2024; 12:146-155.e5. [PMID: 37832820 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomized trials of biologics in severe, uncontrolled asthma have excluded patients with a cumulative tobacco exposure of more than 10 pack-years. Therefore, our knowledge of the impact of smoking exposure on the clinical effects of biologics in severe asthma remains incomplete. However, because many patients with asthma are current or former smokers, investigating the potential impacts of tobacco exposure on the effects of biologic treatment is clinically important. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of smoking history and tobacco exposure on the effectiveness of biologic therapy in real-life patients with severe asthma. METHODS We used data from a complete nationwide cohort of patients with severe asthma who were receiving biologics, the Danish Severe Asthma Register. We divided patients according to smoking history and cumulative tobacco exposure and analyzed data at baseline and after 12 months of biologic treatment. RESULTS A total of 724 bio-naive patients were identified in the Danish Severe Asthma Register, 398 of whom had never been smokers (55%), 316 were previous smokers (44%), and 10 were current smokers (1%). Within the group of current and former smokers, 37% had 1 to 9 pack-years of tobacco exposure, 26% had 10 to 19 pack-years, and 37% had 20 or more pack-years of tobacco exposure. Patients with tobacco exposure had similar reductions in the number of exacerbations, reductions in maintenance oral corticosteroid use, and improvements in asthma symptoms compared with patients with 0 pack-years. CONCLUSION Former smoking history and lifetime tobacco exposure do not have an impact on the efficacy of biologics in patients with severe asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Hansen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Centre for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Bjerrum
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anna von Bülow
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ole Hilberg
- Sygehus Lillebaelt-Vejle Sygehus, Vejle, Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | - Johannes Martin Schmid
- Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergy, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suppli Ulrik
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Celeste Porsbjerg
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital-Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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237
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Jimenez-Gómez N, López-Suárez A, Haro S, Fernández-González P, Monserrat J, Eraña-Tomás I, Cuevas-Santos J, Rodríguez-Luna A, Ortega MA, Gómez-Sánchez MJ, Díaz D, Jaén-Olasolo P, Álvarez-Mon M. Immunomodulation with AM3 and antioxidants creates an adequate framework for skin repair and decreases the monocyte proinflammatory stage in smoker women. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:115929. [PMID: 38070248 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Smoking has been considering a crucial factor in promoting skin and systemic aging that is associated with the development of a low-level, systemic, chronic inflammation known as "inflammaging" in which monocytes play a pivotal role. Our aim was to investigate the effects of AM3 plus antioxidants vs placebo in the activation status, function of monocytes and cutaneous aging parameters in healthy smoker middle-aged women. A total of 32 women were 1:1 randomly assigned to AM3 plus antioxidants or placebo for three months. Peripheral mononuclear blood cells and cutaneous biopsy were obtained and flow cytometry and immunohistological studies, respectively, were performed before and after the treatment. AM3 plus antioxidants treatment compared with placebo significantly reduced the monocyte production of the proinflammatory interleukin 1 (IL-1), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) cytokines as well as increased the regulatory IL-10 in middle-aged smoker women. Furthermore, AM3 and antioxidants did not modify ROS production by monocytes and granulocytes but increased their phagocytic activity. The active combination also stimulated a significative increase in reticular dermis depth as well as an increase in the expression of CD117 and CD31. Thus, AM3 and antioxidants treatment reduces the systemic proinflammatory monocyte disturbance of heathy smoker middle-aged women and encourage skin repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea López-Suárez
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Haro
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
| | - Pablo Fernández-González
- Dermatology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Medical department, Cantabria Labs, 28043 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Monserrat
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Itziar Eraña-Tomás
- Pathology Department, Fundación Jimenez Díaz Hospital, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Cuevas-Santos
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
| | - Azahara Rodríguez-Luna
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, Seville, Spain; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville, Profesor García González Street Seville, 41012, Spain
| | - Miguel A Ortega
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain; Ramón y Cajal Institute of Sanitary Research (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - David Díaz
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Jaén-Olasolo
- Dermatology Department, Ramón y Cajal Hospital, 28034 Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
| | - Melchor Álvarez-Mon
- Immune System Diseases-Rheumatology and Oncology Service, University Hospital "Príncipe de Asturias", Alcalá de Henares, 28805 Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid 28801, Spain
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Dillinger JG, Pezel T, Delmas C, Schurtz G, Trimaille A, Piliero N, Bouleti C, Lattuca B, Andrieu S, Fabre J, Rossanaly Vasram R, Dib JC, Aboyans V, Fauvel C, Roubille F, Gerbaud E, Boccara A, Puymirat E, Toupin S, Vicaut E, Henry P. Carbon monoxide and prognosis in smokers hospitalised with acute cardiac events: a multicentre, prospective cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 67:102401. [PMID: 38261914 PMCID: PMC10796965 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Smoking cigarettes produces carbon monoxide (CO), which can reduce the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. We aimed to determine whether elevated expiratory CO levels would be associated with a worse prognosis in smokers presenting with acute cardiac events. Methods From 7 to 22 April 2021, expiratory CO levels were measured in a prospective registry including all consecutive patients admitted for acute cardiac event in 39 centres throughout France. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause death. Initial in-hospital major adverse cardiac events (MAE; death, resuscitated cardiac arrest and cardiogenic shock) were also analysed. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05063097). Findings Among 1379 patients (63 ± 15 years, 70% men), 368 (27%) were active smokers. Expiratory CO levels were significantly raised in active smokers compared to non-smokers. A CO level >11 parts per million (ppm) found in 94 (25.5%) smokers was associated with a significant increase in death (14.9% for CO > 11 ppm vs. 2.9% for CO ≤ 11 ppm; p < 0.001). Similar results were found after adjustment for comorbidities (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]): 5.92 [2.43-14.38]) or parameters of in-hospital severity (HR 6.09, 95% CI [2.51-14.80]) and propensity score matching (HR 7.46, 95% CI [1.70-32.8]). CO > 11 ppm was associated with a significant increase in MAE in smokers during initial hospitalisation after adjustment for comorbidities (odds ratio [OR] 15.75, 95% CI [5.56-44.60]) or parameters of in-hospital severity (OR 10.67, 95% CI [4.06-28.04]). In the overall population, CO > 11 ppm but not smoking was associated with an increased rate of all-cause death (HR 4.03, 95% CI [2.33-6.98] and 1.66 [0.96-2.85] respectively). Interpretation Elevated CO level is independently associated with a 6-fold increase in 1-year death and 10-fold in-hospital MAE in smokers hospitalized for acute cardiac events. Funding Grant from Fondation Coeur & Recherche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Guillaume Dillinger
- Department of Cardiology, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm U-942, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Théo Pezel
- Department of Cardiology, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm U-942, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Clément Delmas
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit, Rangueil University Hospital, 31000, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Julien Fabre
- University Hospital of Fort de France, Fort De France, Martinique
| | | | - Jean-Claude Dib
- Clinique Medico-Chirurgicale Ambroise Pare, Neuilly Sur Seine, France
| | | | - Charles Fauvel
- Rouen University Hospital, INSERM EnVI 1096, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Francois Roubille
- Cardiology Department, INI-CRT, CHU de Montpellier, PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, 34295, Montpellier, France
| | - Edouard Gerbaud
- Cardiology Intensive Care Unit and, Interventional Cardiology, Hôpital Cardiologique du Haut-Lévêque, Pessac, France
- Bordeaux Cardio-Thoracic Research Centre, U1045, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Etienne Puymirat
- Université Paris Cité, Department of Cardiology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou (HEGP), France
| | - Solenn Toupin
- Department of Cardiology, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm U-942, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Eric Vicaut
- Unité de recherche clinique – Hopital Lariboisiere, Paris, France
| | - Patrick Henry
- Department of Cardiology, Université Paris Cité, Hôpital Lariboisière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Inserm U-942, 75010, Paris, France
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Pienkowski M, Chaiton M, Bondy SJ, Cohen JE, Dubray J, Eissenberg T, Kaufman P, Stanbrook MB, O'Loughlin J, Dos Santos J, Schwartz R. Milestones in the natural course of the onset of e-cigarette dependence among adolescents and young adults: Retrospective study. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107846. [PMID: 37678007 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is considerable controversy about the development of dependence among e-cigarette users. This study describes the average amount of time using e-cigarettes before dependence milestones emerge and the differences in developing dependence between e-cigarette users who smoke cigarettes compared to those who do not. METHODS Adolescents and young adults aged 16-25 living in Canada were recruited into an online survey in 2021. Current (past-month) e-cigarette users completed 15 items assessing dependence from the Penn-State Electronic Cigarette Dependence Index and the E-cigarette Dependence Scale for a total of 12 behavioural (e.g., difficulty refraining from vaping) and 3 frequency (e.g., using e-cigarette daily, weekly, or monthly) indicators of dependence milestones. Number of years after e-cigarette onset at which the cumulative probability of attaining each milestone was 25 % was computed. RESULTS Among 1205 participants, most (80.6 %) were female, 73.7 % were Caucasian, and 49.7 % resided in Ontario. Ten of the 12 e-cigarette use milestones were attained by 25 % of respondents 2 years after starting vaping except for daily cigarette use (2.5 years after onset) and waking at night to vape (5.6 years after onset). Within the entire study population, frequency milestones (weekly, monthly, daily e-cigarette use) were attained faster by ever-smokers (hazard ratio compared to attainment by never-smokers: 1.12, 1.21, and 1.28 respectively), whereas for at least monthly users, behavioural milestones were attained faster by never-smokers. DISCUSSION Many current e-cigarette users developed symptoms of e-cigarette dependence between two and five years since onset. Never smokers may be at higher risk of becoming e-cigarette dependent since they attained e-cigarette dependence milestones faster than smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pienkowski
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - M Chaiton
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada.
| | - S J Bondy
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - J E Cohen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Institute for Global Tobacco Control, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Dubray
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - T Eissenberg
- Center for the Study of Tobacco Products, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - P Kaufman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - M B Stanbrook
- Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - J O'Loughlin
- School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - J Dos Santos
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - R Schwartz
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
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Xia X, Xiang S, Hua L, Sun Q, Wang R. The relationship between lifestyles and sarcopenia-related traits: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 116:105169. [PMID: 37657206 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the causal association between lifestyles (smoking, drinking consumption and physical activity) and sarcopenia-related traits by Mendelian randomized analysis. METHODS Instrumental variables from the genome-wide association study were used for analysis. The exposure factors were lifestyle factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, moderate physical activity and vigorous physical activity, and the outcome variables were low hand grip strength and appendicular lean mass. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method and other MR methods were used for analysis. Heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis and pleiotropy analysis were performed. RESULTS According to a primary causal effects model with MR analyses by the IVW method, smoking was a decreased risk of low hand grip strength (odds ratio (OR) = 0.899, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.829-0.974, P = 0.010), while alcohol consumption was a significant correlation with low hand grip strength (OR = 1.137, 95% CI = 1.020-1.267, P = 0.020). There was no significant relationship between smoking, alcohol, and appendicular lean mass. In addition, moderate or vigorous physical showed no significant correlation with low hand grip strength and appendicular lean mass. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that smoking may be causally related to a lower risk of low hand grip strength, while alcohol may increase the risk of low hand grip strength. There was no causal relationship between physical activity and sarcopenia-related traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Xia
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shate Xiang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lijiangshan Hua
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Sun
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongyun Wang
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; College of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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Jung E, Ryu HH, Cho YJ, Chun BJ. Interactions Between Depression, Alcohol Intake, and Smoking on the Risk of Acute Coronary Syndrome. Psychiatry Investig 2024; 21:1-8. [PMID: 38200636 PMCID: PMC10822734 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2023.0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Our study hypothesizes that the interaction between depression, alcohol intake, and smoking status can significantly influence the risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We aim to investigate the magnitude of the association between depression and ACS risk and explore how alcohol intake and smoking status affect this association. METHODS We used data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. The primary exposure of interest was the presence of depression, as measured using the Beck Depression Inventory score at baseline. The primary outcome was the occurrence of ACS observed in the biennial follow-up surveys. We used Cox proportional regression analysis to estimate the effect of depression on ACS incidence. We conducted interaction and joint effect analyses to explore the interactions between depression and health-related habits including alcohol intake and smoking with regard to ACS incidence. RESULTS During 16 years of follow-up among 3,254 individuals, we documented 88 cases of new-onset ACS (2.2 cases per 1,000 personyears). We found no association between depression and ACS risk; furthermore, the effect of depression on ACS risk by alcohol intake and smoking status did not differ significantly. In the analysis to observe the joint effect of smoking and depression, the multivariate hazard ratios of ACS were 1.26 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.67-2.36) for non-smoking and depression, 1.52 (95% CI, 0.83-2.82) for smoking and non-depression, and 2.79 (95% CI, 1.21-6.41) for smoking and depression compared with non-smoking and non-depression. CONCLUSION Our study reveals the combined effect of depression and smoking on ACS risk, highlighting the potential benefits of concurrent interventions for both depression and smoking for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eujene Jung
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ho Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Cho
- Department of Psychiatry, Haenam Woori General Hospital, Haenam, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Jo Chun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Jia X, Sheng C, Han X, Li M, Wang K. Global burden of stomach cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2044. Public Health 2024; 226:182-189. [PMID: 38071951 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess the global temporal trends of stomach cancer attributable to smoking from 1990 to 2019 and to predict the global burden by 2044. STUDY DESIGN This was a comprehensive analysis based on data provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. METHODS Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and corresponding age-standardised rates of stomach cancer attributable to smoking by sociodemographic index (SDI), region, country, sex, and age were used to assess temporal trends from 1990 to 2019 by calculating the average annual percentage change (AAPC). In addition, the global burden of stomach cancer attributable to smoking up to 2044 was predicted using age-period-cohort models. RESULTS Globally, in 2019, 17.96% of stomach cancer deaths (1.72 million) and 17.15% of stomach cancer DALYs (38.13 million) were attributable to smoking, representing an increase compared to 1990; however, smoking-attributable age-standardised rates of mortality (ASMRs) and DALYs (ASDRs) significantly declined to 2.12/100,000 and 45.82/100,000 in 2019, respectively. While stomach cancer ASMR and ASDR attributable to smoking decreased in all regions and in most countries, they increased by >10% in some countries. A positive correlation was found between SDI and age-standardised rates (rASMR = 0.28, P < 0.01; rASDR = 0.29, P < 0.01). By 2044, although global age-standardised rates for smoking-attributable stomach cancer are predicted to decline, deaths and DALYs are estimated to increase to 2.22 million and 42.14 million, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Stomach cancer deaths and DALYs attributable to smoking have increased over the past 30 years and will continue to increase. Consequently, targeted prevention efforts and tobacco-control strategies need to be further developed and improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Jia
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Chong Sheng
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Han
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China
| | - Kaijuan Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China; Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology of Henan Province, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention & Treatment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, Henan Province, China.
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Tajima A, Sassa Y, Ishio D, Yamashita S, Sadashima E, Arai R, Iwanaga K, Yoshida S, Sonoda KH, Enaida H. Clinical features of 26 cases of COVID-19-associated conjunctivitis. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2024; 68:57-63. [PMID: 38017339 DOI: 10.1007/s10384-023-01033-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the clinical features of COVID-19-associated conjunctivitis with the objective of preventing the spread of infection. STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. METHODS From March 2020 to March 2021, we retrospectively reviewed 26 (9.8%) consecutive COVID-19 patients with conjunctivitis among 282 COVID-19 cases admitted to our hospital. Clinical symptoms, onset date of conjunctivitis, time to patient recovery, and eye drop intervention were investigated. In addition, risk factors for developing conjunctivitis were statistically examined among 206 inpatients available for within 5 days of the onset. A multivariate analysis of conjunctivitis risk factors was performed. RESULTS Among the 282 COVID-19 patients, 4 (1.4%) had conjunctival hyperemia as the primary symptom. The median time of onset was 4 days after the COVID-19 onset. Hyperemia was observed in all cases, but other ocular symptoms were rare. The median duration of hyperemia was 3 days. A multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that a young age (p=0.005) and current smoking habit (p=0.027) were independent risk factors for conjunctivitis after COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19-associated conjunctivitis is rare in the elderly and strongly associated with a history of smoking. It often occurs in the early stages of infection, and while hyperemia is recognized as a clinical symptom, other ocular symptoms are rare or non-existent. Many cases recover within a short time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asahi Tajima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, 400 Nakahara Kase Town, Saga City, 840-8571, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Japan
| | - Yukio Sassa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, 400 Nakahara Kase Town, Saga City, 840-8571, Japan.
| | - Daiki Ishio
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume City, Japan
| | - Shota Yamashita
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saga Medical Centre Koseikan, 400 Nakahara Kase Town, Saga City, 840-8571, Japan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Japan
| | - Eiji Sadashima
- Department of Medical Research Institute, Saga Prefectural Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga City, Japan
| | - Rikki Arai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume City, Japan
| | - Kentaro Iwanaga
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saga Prefectural Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga City, Japan
| | - Shigeo Yoshida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kurume University, Kurume City, Japan
| | - Koh-Hei Sonoda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Enaida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medicine, Saga University, Saga City, Japan
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Tran TXM, Kim S, Kim S, Park B. Longitudinal Changes in Smoking Behaviors and Cancer-Related Mortality Risk in Middle-Aged Korean Women. Cancer Res Treat 2024; 56:18-26. [PMID: 37536711 PMCID: PMC10789971 DOI: 10.4143/crt.2023.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated association between smoking habit change and cancer-related mortality risk in Korean women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study population were women aged ≥ 40 years who underwent two biennial cancer screenings during 2009-2012 and were followed up until 2020. Participants were grouped into sustained nonsmokers, sustained quitters, new quitters, relapsers/smoking initiators, and sustained smokers. Outcomes included all-cause and cancer-related deaths. Cox regression and competing risk analysis was used to assess association between smoking habit change and mortality risk. RESULTS Of 2,892,590 women, 54,443 death cases were recorded (median follow-up of 9.0 years). Compared with sustained nonsmokers, mortality risk from all causes and cancer-related causes increased in all other smoking groups. Cancer-related risk increased 1.22-fold among sustained quitters (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 1.36), 1.56-fold (95% CI, 1.40 to 1.75) in new quitters, 1.40-fold (95% CI, 1.21 to 1.62) in relapsers/smoking initiators, and 1.61-fold (95% CI, 1.46 to 1.78) in sustained smokers compared with sustained nonsmokers. Women who were sustained smokers with higher smoking intensity had a higher mortality risk in terms of hazard ratios compared to nonsmokers (< 5 pack-years 2.12-fold, 5-10 pack-years 2.15-fold, and > 10 pack-years 2.27-fold). CONCLUSION Quitting smoking earlier is critical for preventing death from all causes and cancer among female smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xuan Mai Tran
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soyeoun Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute for Health and Society, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonju Kim
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Boyoung Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Hanyang Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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Rivera-Santiago T, Ramos-Cartagena JM, Amaya-Ardila C, Muñoz C, Guiot HM, Colón-López V, Matos M, Tirado-Gómez M, Patricia Ortiz A. Association of tobacco use and the presence of anal warts in people who attend the anal Neoplasia clinic in Puerto Rico. Prev Med Rep 2024; 37:102546. [PMID: 38186663 PMCID: PMC10767185 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Limited research exists regarding the association between smoking and anal warts. In this study, we evaluated this association among a clinic-based Hispanic population in Puerto Rico. Methods Cross-sectional study among eligible patients seen at the Anal Neoplasia Clinic of the University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center (2016-2023) (n = 920). Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected from medical records. Patients underwent a high-resolution anoscopy (HRA) during the clinical visit; physicians assessed anal condylomas on HRA. Poisson regression models with robust standard errors were used to evaluate the association between smoking and anal warts. Demographic and clinical factors were also assessed. Results The mean age of participants was 45.8 ± 13.1 years, 66.4 % were men, and 21.6 % were current smokers. While 10.8 % self-reported a history of anogenital condylomas, 18.9 % had anal condylomas on clinical evaluation. A higher prevalence of anal condylomas was observed among current smokers (PR = 1.28, 95 % CI: 0.94-1.75) in comparison to non-smokers in adjusted analysis, but this was not statistically significant. However, a higher prevalence of anal condylomas was observed among younger individuals (PR = 0.96, 95 % CI: 0.96-0.98) and individuals with anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) as compared to those with benign histology (PR = 1.74. 95 % CI: 1.09-2.77). Conclusions Although current smoking seemed to be positively associated with anal condylomas in this high-risk Hispanic population, this finding was not statistically significant as the power to detect an association was limited. However, younger age and HSIL diagnosis were associated with a higher prevalence of anal condylomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanialy Rivera-Santiago
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, U.S
| | - Jeslie M. Ramos-Cartagena
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus/MD Anderson Cancer Center Partnership for Excellence in Cancer Research Program, PO Box 363067 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, U.S
| | | | - Cristina Muñoz
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 363027 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, U.S
| | - Humberto M. Guiot
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 363027 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, U.S
- Department of Medicine, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, U.S
- Department of Microbiology and Medical Zoology, University of Puerto Rico School of Medicine, San Juan, Puerto Rico, U.S
| | - Vivian Colón-López
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 363027 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, U.S
| | - Miriam Matos
- University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico, U.S
| | - Maribel Tirado-Gómez
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 363027 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, U.S
| | - Ana Patricia Ortiz
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus PO Box 365067, San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, U.S
- University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, PO Box 363027 San Juan, Puerto Rico 00936, U.S
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Chang Y, Thornton V, Chaloemtoem A, Anokhin AP, Bijsterbosch J, Bogdan R, Hancock DB, Johnson EO, Bierut LJ. Investigating the Relationship Between Smoking Behavior and Global Brain Volume. Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci 2024; 4:74-82. [PMID: 38130847 PMCID: PMC10733671 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that brain volume is negatively associated with cigarette smoking, but there is an ongoing debate about whether smoking causes lowered brain volume or a lower brain volume is a risk factor for smoking. We address this debate through multiple methods that evaluate directionality: Bradford Hill's criteria, which are commonly used to understand a causal relationship in epidemiological studies, and mediation analysis. Methods In 32,094 participants of European descent from the UK Biobank dataset, we examined the relationship between a history of daily smoking and brain volumes, as well as an association of genetic risk score to ever smoking with brain volume. Results A history of daily smoking was strongly associated with decreased brain volume, and a history of heavier smoking was associated with a greater decrease in brain volume. The strongest association was between total gray matter volume and a history of daily smoking (effect size = -2964 mm3, p = 2.04 × 10-16), and there was a dose-response relationship with more pack years smoked associated with a greater decrease in brain volume. A polygenic risk score for smoking initiation was strongly associated with a history of daily smoking (effect size = 0.05, p = 4.20 × 10-84), but only modestly associated with total gray matter volume (effect size = -424 mm3, p = .01). Mediation analysis indicated that a history of daily smoking mediated the relationship between the smoking initiation polygenic risk score and total gray matter volume. Conclusions A history of daily smoking is strongly associated with a decreased total brain volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonhoo Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vera Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ariya Chaloemtoem
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrey P. Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Janine Bijsterbosch
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Dana B. Hancock
- Social, Statistical and Environmental Sciences, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Eric Otto Johnson
- Fellow Program, Research Triangle Institute International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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247
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Perriot J, Underner M, Peiffer G. [Smoking cessation in smokers under treatment for lung cancer. Current data]. Rev Med Liege 2024; 79:29-33. [PMID: 38223967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In 2020, lung cancer was the cause of 18 % of all cancer deaths; smoking accounting for around 90 % of all lung cancers. Despite advances in lung cancer treatment, tobacco control measures are the most effective in curbing the lung cancer epidemic. Nevertheless, smoking cessation at all stages of the cancer process is associated with benefits in terms of cure, improved life expectancy and quality of life for patients, reduced medical or surgical complications, and reduced risk of recurrence or occurrence of a second primary cancer. Consequently, smoking cessation is an essential component of lung cancer treatment. All healthcare professionals, particularly those involved in the care of lung cancer patients, must help smokers to quit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Perriot
- Dispensaire Emile Roux, Centre de Lutte antituberculeuse et Centre de Tabacologie, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Michel Underner
- Centre Henri Laborit, Unité de Recherche clinique, Université de Poitiers, France
| | - Gérard Peiffer
- Service des Maladies respiratoires, CHR Metz-Thionville, France
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248
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Mayorga NA, Redmond BY, Salwa A, Shepherd JM, Garey L, Asfar T, Zvolensky MJ. Evaluating the role of smoking abstinence expectancies in the relation between perceived ethnic discrimination and cigarette dependence among Latinx individuals who smoke. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107864. [PMID: 37778236 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The experience of perceived ethnic discrimination is prevalent and has harmful effects across various behavioral health processes among Latinx persons. Yet, there is limited work on the association between perceived ethnic discrimination and smoking among this health disparities group. Building from initial work that has demonstrated a relationship between perceived ethnic discrimination and smoking abstinence expectancies, the present study sought to explore mechanisms by which perceived ethnic discrimination may be related to cigarette dependence. Specifically, we tested the indirect effect of perceived ethnic discrimination on cigarette dependence through smoking abstinence expectancies (i.e., negative mood, somatic symptoms, harmful consequences, and positive consequences) among Latinx persons who smoke (N = 338; Mage = 35.53 years; SD = 8.65; age range 18-61; 37.3% female). Results indicated that abstinence expectancies related to harmful consequences was a statistically significant underlying factor between the experience of perceived discrimination and cigarette dependence (b = 0.39, SE = 0.16, CI95% = 0.08, 0.71, CSE = 0.14). Overall, the present study suggests that smoking abstinence expectancies pertaining to harmful consequences may be a point of intervention for Latinx persons seeking to reduce or quit smoking. Future research is needed to extend the generalizability of these findings by corroborating the mediational role of abstinence expectancies related to harmful consequences across Latinx persons of varying cigarette use severity levels over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nubia A Mayorga
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
| | | | - Aniqua Salwa
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States
| | | | - Lorra Garey
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States; HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, United States
| | - Taghrid Asfar
- Department of Public Health Science, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, United States
| | - Michael J Zvolensky
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, United States; HEALTH Institute, University of Houston, United States; Department of Behavioral Science, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, United States.
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249
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Lambart L, Nollen NL, Mayo MS, Funk O, Leavens E, Cruvinel E, Brown A, Ahluwalia JS, Sanderson Cox L. The impact of blunt use on smoking abstinence among Black adults: Secondary analysis from randomized controlled smoking cessation clinical trial. Addict Behav 2024; 148:107877. [PMID: 37804748 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION People who smoke cigarettes are more likely than people who do not to use cannabis, including blunts, a tobacco product containing nicotine and marijuana. Blunts represent a challenge for cessation trials because nicotine could make stopping cigarettes more difficult. Few studies have examined the impact of blunt use on individuals actively engaged in a cigarette quit attempt. METHODS Blunt use was assessed at baseline, Weeks 4, 8, 12, 16, and 26 among Black adult people who smoke enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of varenicline (VAR, n = 300) versus placebo (PBO, n = 200) for smoking cessation. Participants were categorized as ever blunt (blunt use reported at any timepoint) versus non-blunt (no blunt use reported). The primary outcome was salivary cotinine-verified 7-day point prevalence smoking abstinence at Weeks 12 and 26. Logistic regression examined the effects of treatment and blunt use on abstinence. RESULTS 75 participants (mean age 45.6 years (SD = 12.5, range: 22,80); 32 (42%) female) reported blunt use. Logistic regression analyses showed no treatment by blunt use interaction or significant main effect of blunt use on smoking abstinence at Weeks 12 or 26 (p > 0.05). After adjusting for treatment, those who used blunts had statistically similar odds of quitting at Week 12 (OR: 0.68, 95% CI: 0.31, 1.5) and Week 26 (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.38, 1.87) as those who never used blunts during the study. DISCUSSION Blunt use had no statistically significant impact on cessation among participants in a smoking cessation clinical trial. Future trials are needed in which the target of cessation is all combustible products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Lambart
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA.
| | - Nicole L Nollen
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Matthew S Mayo
- The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA; Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Olivia Funk
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Eleanor Leavens
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
| | - Erica Cruvinel
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Alexandra Brown
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA
| | - Jasjit S Ahluwalia
- Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, Rhode Island Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Lisa Sanderson Cox
- Department of Population Health, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, USA; The University of Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA
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250
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Suzgun MA, Kabeloglu V, Senel GB, Karadeniz D. Smoking Disturbs the Beneficial Effects of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Therapy on Leptin Level in Obstructive Sleep Apnea. J Obes Metab Syndr 2023; 32:338-345. [PMID: 38156370 PMCID: PMC10786207 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to determine how smoking alters the effect of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy on metabolic syndrome in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods In this clinical trial, morphometric measures, metabolic syndrome parameters, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in OSA patients were recorded and compared between active smokers and non-smokers. The mean change in metabolic syndrome parameters measured before and after 3 months of PAP therapy was determined. The study included 72 males and 43 females. Results Morphometric values and mean AHI did not differ between active smokers and non-smokers. When the percentage of unchanged, increased, or decreased metabolic parameters measured before and after treatment was analyzed, leptin level tended to increase in active smokers with OSA after PAP therapy compared with non-smokers (P=0.034, adjusted for confounders). Conclusion Serum leptin level was stable or decreased in non-smokers, while 40% of active smokers had increased leptin level. Therefore, smoking plays a predisposing role in leptin resistance despite PAP therapy in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Aktan Suzgun
- Neurology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vasfiye Kabeloglu
- Department of Neurology, Bakirkoy Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gülcin Benbir Senel
- Neurology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Derya Karadeniz
- Neurology Department, Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul, Turkey
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