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Marchetti MA, Sar-Graycar L, Dusza SW, Nanda JK, Kurtansky N, Rotemberg VM, Hay JL. Prevalence and Age-Related Patterns in Health Information-Seeking Behaviors and Technology Use Among Skin Cancer Survivors: Survey Study. JMIR Dermatol 2022; 5:e36256. [PMID: 36776536 PMCID: PMC9910806 DOI: 10.2196/36256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Information is an unmet need among cancer survivors. There is a paucity of population-based data examining the health information-seeking behaviors and attitudes of skin cancer survivors. Objective We aimed to identify the prevalence and patterns of health information-seeking behaviors and attitudes among skin cancer survivors across age groups. Methods We analyzed population-based data from the 2019 Health Information National Trends Survey 5 (Cycle 3). Results The 5438 respondents included 346 (6.4%) skin cancer survivors (mean age 65.8 years); of the 346 skin cancer survivors, the majority were White (96.4% [weighted percentages]), and 171 (47.8%) were men. Most reported having ever looked for health- (86.1%) or cancer-related (76.5%) information; 28.2% stated their last search took a lot of effort, and 21.6% were frustrated. The internet was most often cited as being the first source that was recently used for health or medical information (45.6%). Compared to skin cancer survivors younger than 65 years old, those 65 years of age or older were more likely to see a doctor first for important health information (≥65 years: 68.3%;<65 years: 36.2%; P<.001) and less likely to have health and wellness apps (≥65 years: 26.4%; <65 years: 54.0%, P=.10), to have watched a health-related YouTube video (≥65 years: 13.3%; <65 years: 27.4%; P=.02), and to have used electronic means to look for information (≥65 years: 61.4%;<65 years: 82.3%, P<.001). Conclusions Searches for health information are common among skin cancer survivors, but behaviors and attitudes are associated with age, which highlights the importance of access to doctors and personalized information sources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stephen W Dusza
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Japbani K Nanda
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
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Abstract
STUDY DESIGN A quality-control Internet-based study using recognized quality scoring systems. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study is to evaluate the quality, content and readability of online information on kyphosis. METHODS The 3 most frequently used search engines were identified and a search for "Kyphosis" was made in each. The 2 reviewers categorized their Web-sites by type, and the quality of each was assessed using well-known scoring systems, including the DISCERN score, JAMA benchmark, GQS, and the kyphosis specific content score. The Flesch-Kincaid grade level (FKGL) was used to assess the readability. The quality of the information was also evaluated according to the presence and absence of the HONcode. RESULTS Sixty unique Web sites were identified and analyzed. The distribution of the categories was 33 (55%) medical, 22 (36.7%) academic, 2 (3.3%) non-physician, 2 (3.3%) commercial and 1 (1.7%) physician. There wasn't statistically significant difference between the sources in terms of DISCERN, JAMA, GQS and KSC scores (P > 0.05). However, a review of the FKGL scores revealed that the academic-based websites' FKGL score was significantly higher than the medical-based websites (P: 0.007). Also there wasn't statistically significant difference among the DISCERN, JAMA, GQS, KSC, FKRS and FKGL scores of the web-sites according to the HON code's presence (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Information about kyphosis on the Internet is of limited quality and low information value. The readability of the online information in our results showed a significantly higher reading level than the sixth grade level recommended by the AMA and NIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anıl Agar
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Saglik Bilimleri University, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Kucukcekmece/Istanbul, Turkey,Anil Agar, Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Saglik Bilimleri University, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Atakent mah, Istanbul cad. No:1, 34303, Kucukcekmece/Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Adem Sahin
- Orthopaedic and Traumatology Department, Saglik Bilimleri University, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Kucukcekmece/Istanbul, Turkey
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203
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Cameron TM, Walker MF, Fisher RJ. A Qualitative Study Exploring the Lives and Caring Practices of Young Carers of Stroke Survivors. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:3941. [PMID: 35409626 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19073941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the life transformation of children when a parent returned home from hospital after a stroke. The study explored children’s experiences of taking on caring roles in partnership with their well parent and stroke survivors’ perceptions of the young carer roles. The study aimed to identify unmet support needs in order to inform future service provision. Semi-structured interviews were conducted separately with stroke survivors (n = 7) (age range 41–60 years, mean 50.6) and their young carers (n = 11) (age range 11–20 years, mean 16). Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed and analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three overarching themes were identified: the lives of young carers, impact of stroke, and insulating the family. All the children were providing some level of care. None were in receipt of any formal support. Children moved in and out of the caring role in the absence of an adult, to act as primary carer. Young carers valued the life skills they were gaining but reported gaps in their knowledge and understanding of stroke. The well parent and young carers worked together in a bi-directional partnership to ameliorate the impact of stroke on the family. The study concluded that age appropriate and stroke specific information for children of stroke survivors could enhance agency and optimise positive outcomes of caring.
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204
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Steeb T, Reinhardt L, Harlaß M, Heppt MV, Meier F, Berking C. Assessment of the Quality, Understandability, and Reliability of YouTube Videos as a Source of Information on Basal Cell Carcinoma: Web-Based Analysis. JMIR Cancer 2022; 8:e29581. [PMID: 35275067 PMCID: PMC8956995 DOI: 10.2196/29581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with skin cancer increasingly watch online videos to acquire disease-related information. Until now, no scientific evaluation of the quality of videos available for German-speaking patients with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) has been performed. Objective In this study, we aimed to identify and evaluate videos about BCC provided on YouTube. Methods A video search on YouTube was conducted in July 2020, using German BCC-related keywords (eg, “Basalzellkarzinom,” “Basaliom,” “weißer hautkrebs,” and “heller hautkrebs”). The first three pages (ie, 60 videos) were searched by two independent researchers for each keyword. Two authors evaluated videos that met the predefined eligibility criteria. The quality of the information of the videos was evaluated using the DISCERN tool and the Global Quality Scale (GQS). The understandability and actionability were assessed with the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool for Audiovisual Materials (PEMAT-A/V). The reliability was assessed with the JAMA (Journal of the American Medical Association) criteria score. Subgroup differences were identified using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results A total of 41 videos were included in the evaluation. The mean assessment scores were as follows: DISCERN, 3.3 (SD 0.80); GQS, 3.8 (SD 1.1); JAMA, 27.74% (SD 22.1%); understandability, 70.8% (SD 13.3%); and actionability, 45.9% (SD 43.7%). These values indicated that the videos were of medium to good quality and had good understandability, low actionability, and poor reliability. The quality of videos provided by health professionals was significantly higher than that of videos provided by laypersons. Conclusions Optimization of health-related videos about BCC is desirable. In particular, adaptation to reliability criteria is necessary to support patient education and increase transparency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Steeb
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lydia Reinhardt
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Harlaß
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Vincent Heppt
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Friedegund Meier
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carola Berking
- Department of Dermatology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen - Europäische Metropolregion Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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205
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Amin A, Nordén M, Fomichov V, Björnsson B, Lindhoff Larsson A, Sandström P, Drott J. Patient-reported participation in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery cancer care: A pilot intervention study with patient-owned fast-track protocols. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13570. [PMID: 35274386 PMCID: PMC9542293 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective Fast‐track concepts have been implemented in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery cancer care to improve postoperative recovery. For optimal postoperative care, patient participation is also required. The aim was to investigate and analyse whether an intervention with patient‐owned fast‐track protocols (PFTPs) may lead to increased patient participation and improve information for patients who underwent surgery for hepatopancreatobiliary cancer. Methods A quantitative comparative design with a control and intervention group was used. The participants in the intervention group followed a PFTP during their admission. After discharge, the patients answered a questionnaire regarding patient participation. Data analyses were performed with descriptive statistics and ANCOVA. Results The results are based on a total of 222 completed questionnaires: 116 in the control group and 106 in the intervention group. It is uncertain whether the PFTP increased patient participation and information, but its use may indicate an improvement for the patient group. Conclusion A successful implementation strategy for the use of PFTP, with daily reconciliations, could be part of the work required to improve overall satisfaction with patient participation. ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT04061902
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Affiliation(s)
- Awin Amin
- Department of Surgery in Linköping, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Nordén
- Department of Urology in Linköping, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Victoria Fomichov
- Unit for Public Health and Statistics, County Council of Östergötland, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Bergthor Björnsson
- Department of Surgery in Linköping, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindhoff Larsson
- Department of Surgery in Linköping, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Per Sandström
- Department of Surgery in Linköping, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jenny Drott
- Department of Surgery in Linköping, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.,Division of Nursing Science, Department of Health
- Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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206
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Adini B, Cohen Y, Spitz A. The Relationship between Religious Beliefs and Attitudes towards Public Health Infection Prevention Measures among an Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Population during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:ijerph19052988. [PMID: 35270681 PMCID: PMC8910423 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The ultra-Orthodox population in Israel was heavily impacted by COVID-19; it is important to understand the factors that contributed to this. There may be a friction between religious versus governmental guidelines that may reduce adherence to COVID mitigation guidelines, such as social distancing and masking. The purpose of this study is to explore this tension and the extent to which it existed in the surveyed sample. The study identified attitudes of ultra-Orthodox individuals concerning religious and public health measures to mitigate COVID-19 infection. A closed-ended questionnaire was completed by 405 ultra-Orthodox Jews. Most respondents believe that religious learning protects from harm (91%); 74% believe that periodically there are inconsistencies between religious guidelines and medical guidelines; 59% believe that preventive medicine may clash with “Divine protection”. Some public health measures applied to contain the pandemic threaten religious lifestyle; this is a source of dissonance among ultra-religious populations, which may substantially decrease willingness to comply with public health measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruria Adini
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Management, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6139001, Israel
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-54-8045700
| | - Yoel Cohen
- Moskowitz School of Communication, Ariel University, Ariel 4077625, Israel;
| | - Ahuva Spitz
- School of Nursing, Jerusalem College of Technology, Jerusalem 91160, Israel;
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207
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Mavragani A, Duan W, Fong DY, Lok KY, Ho M, Wong JY, Lin CC. Psychometric Evaluation of a Fear of COVID-19 Scale in China: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e31992. [PMID: 35072632 PMCID: PMC8893716 DOI: 10.2196/31992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At the very beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, information about fear of COVID-19 was very limited in Chinese populations, and there was no standardized and validated scale to measure the fear associated with the pandemic. OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to adapt and validate a fear scale to determine the levels of fear of COVID-19 among the general population in mainland China and Hong Kong. METHODS A web-based questionnaire platform was developed for data collection; the study instruments were an adapted version of the 8-item Breast Cancer Fear Scale ("Fear Scale") and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire. The internal construct validity, convergent validity, known group validity, and reliability of the adapted Fear Scale were assessed, and descriptive statistics were used to summarize the participants' fear levels. RESULTS A total of 2822 study participants aged 18 years or older were included in the analysis. The reliability of the adapted scale was satisfactory, with a Cronbach α coefficient of .93. The item-total correlations corrected for overlap were >0.4, confirming their internal construct validity. Regarding convergent validity, a small-to-moderate correlation between the Fear Scale and the 4-item Patient Health Questionnaire scores was found. Regarding known group validity, we found that the study participants who were recruited from Hong Kong had a higher level of fear than the study participants from mainland China. Older adults had a higher level of fear compared with younger adults. Furthermore, having hypertension, liver disease, heart disease, cancer, anxiety, and insomnia were associated with a higher fear level. The descriptive analysis found that more than 40% of the study participants reported that the thought of COVID-19 scared them. About one-third of the study participants reported that when they thought about COVID-19, they felt nervous, uneasy, and depressed. CONCLUSIONS The psychometric properties of the adapted Fear Scale are acceptable to measure the fear of COVID-19 among Chinese people. Our study stresses the need for more psychosocial support and care to help this population cope with their fears during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wenjie Duan
- Social and Public Administration School, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, CN
| | - Daniel Yt Fong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, HK
| | - Kris Yw Lok
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, HK
| | - Mandy Ho
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, HK
| | - Janet Yh Wong
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, HK
| | - Chia-Chin Lin
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong, 4/F, William M.W. Mong Block21 Sassoon Road, Hong Kong, HK.,School of Nursing, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, TW
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208
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S Demidov A. Human psychology in the cities. J Community Psychol 2022; 50:849-856. [PMID: 34363213 DOI: 10.1002/jcop.22684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article considers the concept of a city as an organized and complex system, the main inhabitant/consumer of which is a human being. The human being, in its turn, is also a complex organized system. Separately, the functioning of both these systems is well enough studied, however to date in science little attention has been paid to the interaction of these systems with each other. The main object of study in the article is the psychological state of a person in an urban environment. The concepts of interest, excitement, boredom, stress, and so forth are investigated and their impact on physical health. Moreover, the problem of interaction of the real world with virtual technologies-their confrontation and mutual help in an urban context is also considered. At the end, there are several assumptions about the return of full-bloodedness to the streets of modern cities. It was concluded that the cities can help stimulate the brain cells of citizens and maintain their brain activity at a certain level of productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr S Demidov
- Faculty of Urban and Regional Development, National Research University "Higher School of Economics", Moscow, Russian Federation
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209
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Naseri S, Bijari BB, Dabaghzadeh F, Dahesh T. The prevalence of self-medication in breastfeeding mothers during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Mother Child 2022; 26:58-65. [PMID: 36537047 PMCID: PMC10032325 DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20222601.d-22-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-medication is an important health and social issue, especially for women due to critical periods such as pregnancy and lactation. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the use of nonprescribed medications by lactating mothers visiting health centers affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIAL AND METHODS This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman from October to December 2020. The research population included all lactating women who visited health centers affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences to receive health services. The data in this study were collected using a checklist. RESULTS A total of 228 mothers who met the inclusion criteria participated in the study. A total of 221 mothers (97.0%) received nonprescribed medications (377 drugs in total). Among 377 nonprescribed medications, 279 drugs (74.0%) could be used while breastfeeding. The three most commonly used nonprescribed medications were acetaminophen tablets (84 [22.3%]), gelofen compound (51 [13.5%]), and adult cold medications. The majority of the mothers, 153 (40.6%), chose nonprescribed medications based on pharmacy staff recommendations. The COVID-19 outbreak was the most common reason for using 246 (65.3%) nonprescribed drugs. There was a statistically significant relationship between the mothers' education and the accuracy of their information about the side effects of nonprescribed medications use. CONCLUSION The prevalence of self-medication by lactating women during the COVID-19 pandemic was very high. A significant percentage of the mothers did not have correct information about the adverse effect of arbitrary use of nonprescribed drugs on their babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Naseri
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Fatemeh Dabaghzadeh
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Tania Dahesh
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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210
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Harding R, Salins N, Sharan K, Ekstrand ML. Health literacy in communication, decision-making and outcomes among cancer patients, their families and clinicians in India: A multicentre cross-sectional qualitative study. Psychooncology 2022; 31:532-540. [PMID: 34687573 PMCID: PMC10505478 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer patients in India prefer full information regarding diagnosis and prognosis, but evidence suggests poor insight. This study aimed to identify the role of health literacy among adult patients living with cancer, their families and health professionals in decision-making and treatment outcomes in India. METHODS This cross-sectional in-depth study recruited patients, families and clinicians from three centers. Inductive thematic analysis informed a novel conceptual model. RESULTS We recruited n = 34 cancer patients, n = 33 family members, n = 11 doctors and n = 14 nurses (N = 92). Principle emergent themes were the following: (1) Preferences and dynamics of diagnosis and prognosis disclosure, for example, the dominant preference was for families who held hope for cure to discourage disclosure; clinicians sometimes disclosed in line with perceived ability to pay for treatment. (2) Understanding of disease and its treatment options (etiology, potential trajectory, treatment options), for example, lay understandings of cancer etiology as contamination from outside the home, and reluctance of patients to ask questions of clinicians. (3) Priorities in decision-making, for example, not engaging patients due to fear of patient distress, patients initiated on anticancer treatments without knowledge or consent, pursuing futile treatments. (4) Anxieties over finances and outcomes (disclosure, decision-making, care pathways), for example, clinicians attempting to reduce families pursuing expensive and inappropriate treatment options with patients who have poor insight, catastrophic spending based on poor decisions. CONCLUSION The novel evidence-based health literacy model offers potential for feasible and acceptable intervention to support families in communication, disclosure and decision-making. This may improve patients' access to informed, appropriate care pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Harding
- Cicely Saunders Institute, Department of Palliative Care, Policy & Rehabilitation, Florence Nightingale School of Nursing, Midwifery and Palliative Care, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Naveen Salins
- Department of Palliative Medicine and Supportive Care, Kasturba Medical College Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Maria L. Ekstrand
- Division of Prevention Science, Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- St John's Research Institute, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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211
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Kim SY, Jhon M, Kang HJ, Lee JY, Kim SW, Kim JM, Shin IS. Depressed mood, associated factors, and understanding of delirium among caregivers of patients with delirium. Int J Psychiatry Med 2022; 57:153-164. [PMID: 33653170 DOI: 10.1177/0091217421989146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Delirium is stressful for both the patient and caregiver. However, caregivers have attracted minimal attention. We here identify depressed moods and associated factors among caregivers and caregiver knowledge of the delirium and non-pharmacological management. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study. Caregiver and patient demographic characteristics, and patient clinical data, were collected. Caregiver depressed mood was analysed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression subscale (HADS-D). We explored caregiver understanding of delirium and knowledge of non-pharmacological management. We used a multivariate linear regression model to identify factors associated with caregiver depressed mood. RESULTS For 224 caregivers, the median (interquartile range) HADS-D score was 8.0 (4.0-11.8). More than half (54.9%) had scores ≥8. Answers to multiple choice questions revealed that delirium was frequently misinterpreted as "anxiety" (25.9%) or "dementia" (25.4%). Of all caregivers, 74% had received no information on non-pharmacological delirium management. Younger age of patient, a longer time from delirium detection to consultation, a patient past history of depression, a spousal relation with the patient, and misinterpretation of delirium as dementia were associated with the depressed mood of caregivers. CONCLUSIONS The mental health of caregivers of patients with delirium requires more attention; they should be recommended to be informed and educated about delirium. Also, the clinicians need to find an easier term for the delirium to help caregivers understand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.,Mental Health Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jhon
- Mental Health Clinic, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Ju Kang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Yeon Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
The theoretical framework of classical thermodynamics unifies vastly diverse natural phenomena and captures once-elusive effects in concrete terms. Neuroscience confronts equally varied, equally ineffable phenomena in the mental realm, but has yet to unite or to apprehend them rigorously, perhaps due to an insufficient theoretical framework. The terms for mental phenomena, the mental variables, typically used in neuroscience are overly numerous and imprecise. Unlike in thermodynamics or other branches of physics, in neuroscience, there are no core mental variables from which all others formally derive and it is unclear which variables are distinct and which overlap. This may be due to the nature of mental variables themselves. Unlike the variables of physics, perhaps they cannot be interpreted as composites of a small number of axioms. However, it is well worth exploring if they can, as that would allow more parsimonious theories of higher brain function. Here we offer a theoretical exercise in the spirit of the National Institutes of Health Research Domain Criteria (NIH RDoC) Initiative and the Cognitive Atlas Project, which aim to remedy this state of affairs. Imitating classical thermodynamics, we construct a formal framework for mental variables, an extended analogy - an allegory - between mental and thermodynamic quantities. Starting with mental correlates of the physical indefinables length, time, mass or force, and charge, we pursue the allegory up to mental versions of the thermodynamic Maxwell Relations. The Maxwell Relations interrelate the thermodynamic quantities volume, pressure, temperature, and entropy and were chosen since they are easy to derive, yet capable of generating nontrivial, nonobvious predictions. Our "Mental Maxwell Relations" interlink the mental variables consciousness, salience, arousal, and distraction and make nontrivial, nonobvious statements about mental phenomena. The mental system thus constructed is internally consistent, in harmony with introspection, and respects the RDoC criteria of employing only psychologically valid constructs with some evidence of a brain basis. We briefly apply these concepts to the problem of decision-making and sketch how some of them might be tested empirically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O’Neill
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Andreas Schoth
- IMTEK Department for Process Technology, Institute of Microsystem Technology, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Abstract
The approach the majority of neuroscientists take to the question of how consciousness is generated, it is probably fair to say, is to ignore it. Although there are active research programs looking at correlates of consciousness, and explorations of informational properties of what might be relevant neural ensembles, the tacitly implied mechanism of consciousness in these approaches is that it somehow just happens. This reliance on a "magical emergence" of consciousness does not address the "objectively unreasonable" proposition that elements that have no attributes or properties that can be said to relate to consciousness somehow aggregate to produce it. Neuroscience has furnished evidence that neurons are fundamental to consciousness; at the fine and gross scale, aspects of our conscious experience depend on specific patterns of neural activity - in some way, the connectivity of neurons computes the features of our experience. So how do we get from knowing that some specific configurations of cells produce consciousness to understanding why this would be the case? Behind the voltages and currents electrophysiologists measure is a staggeringly complex system of electromagnetic fields - these are the fundamental physics of neurons and glia in the brain. The brain is entirely made of electromagnetism (EM) phenomena from the level of the atoms up. The EM field literally manifests the computations, or signaling, or information processing/activities performed by connected cellular ensembles that generate a 1st-person perspective. An investigation into the EM field at the cellular scale provides the possibility of identifying the outward signs of a mechanism in fundamental terms (physics), as opposed to merely describing the correlates of our mental abstractions of it.
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214
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Cippitani R. The 'digital transnational solidarity' and protection of the health: Commentary to Principle no. 7 of the Rome Declaration. Int J Risk Saf Med 2022; 33:167-176. [PMID: 35147556 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-227002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point 7 of the Rome Declaration is aimed at improving data sharing and technological and knowledge transfer as instruments to implement health policies. OBJECTIVE The objective of the current paper is to understand if the legal framework (especially at a transnational level) may actually help to achieve the objectives laid down by Principle 7 or if some interpretative or legislative actions will be necessary. METHODS The paper analyses the legal sources at international and EU levels. RESULTS The applicable rules are based on the idea that the information and material are forms of 'property' of the individuals or of the states (i.e., the sovereign). According to the traditional idea of property, the owner has a sort of absolute power over the res and is entitled to exclude others from any rights over the thing. The 'property paradigm' may be useful to protect some relevant interests, but it can also affect collective interests, such as those concerning health during the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS In order to build a global system for the exchange of data and materials as provided for by Principle 7 of the Rome Declaration, a new legal approach should be elaborated which takes into consideration the international corpus of fundamental rights, including research freedom, the right to health and the principle of transnational 'digital' solidarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Cippitani
- Centre of Research 'Rights and Science', Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Building A - Piazzale L. Severi, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia,
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215
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Gómez-Salgado J, Palomino-Baldeón JC, Ortega-Moreno M, Fagundo-Rivera J, Allande-Cussó R, Ruiz-Frutos C. COVID-19 information received by the Peruvian population, during the first phase of the pandemic, and its association with developing psychological distress: Information about COVID-19 and distress in Peru. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28625. [PMID: 35119007 PMCID: PMC8812631 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is suspected that the information the population has about coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) determines both its preventive measures and its effects on mental health. The internet and social media are the sources that have largely replaced the official and traditional channels of information. The objective of this study is to analyse the influence of the sources used by the population in Peru to obtain information on COVID-19 and its association with developing psychological distress (PD) and preventive measures against contagion.1699 questionnaires were analysed. A previously validated instrument adapted to Peru was used. Participants were questioned about the information received regarding COVID-19, its sources, time of exposition, assessment, or beliefs about it. Mental health was measured with the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire. Descriptive and bivariate analysis were performed, developing a classification and regression tree for PD based on beliefs and information about the pandemic.The most used source of information on COVID-19 in Peru was social media and this is associated with developing PD, both in the general population and among health professionals. The quality of the information about treatments for COVID-19 is associated with PD in the general population, whereas prognosis generates more distress among healthcare professionals. The biggest concern is transmitting the virus to family members, close persons, or patients, with more confidence in health professionals than in the health system.The health authorities should use the social media to transmit quality information about COVID-19 and, at the same time, to gather in real time the opinions on the implemented preventive measures. For all, this it is necessary to have higher credibility in the population to increase the confidence in the health system, looking at basic aspects for compliance with prevention measures and improvement of mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gómez-Salgado
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
| | | | | | | | - Regina Allande-Cussó
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Ruiz-Frutos
- Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
- Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador
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216
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Wallin E, Hultström M, Lipcsey M, Frithiof R, Rubertsson S, Larsson I. Intensive care-treated COVID-19 patients' perception of their illness and remaining symptoms. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2022; 66:240-247. [PMID: 34704256 PMCID: PMC8653095 DOI: 10.1111/aas.13992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background The remaining symptoms in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) treated in intensive care unit are limited described. Therefore, we assessed patient's perception of their COVID‐19 disease, stay in intensive care, and remaining symptoms three to six months after intensive care. Methods Prospective cohort study was performed in one intensive care unit of a university hospital in Sweden during the first wave. A questionnaire with open‐ended questions and closed‐ended questions was used. Data were analyzed using qualitative and quantitative content analysis and descriptive statistics. Results Out of 123 patients treated for COVID‐19, 64 answered the questionnaire 3–6 months after discharge from intensive care. Memories from illness and hospital stay revealed in three categories; awareness of the illness, losing anchor to reality and being cared for in a dynamic environment. Information was perceived as spare by 48% and they wanted the information to be more personal. The diary was perceived as personal and was received by 33% patients. The relationship with family was affected among 39% and 13% of the patients indicated that they had not resumed their daily life. A large amount, 84%, indicated that they had remaining symptoms from COVID‐19. The dominated symptoms were impaired strength and energy both physically and mentally. Conclusion Patients reported a variety of physical and mental symptoms, and revealed memories from the ICU, and specific awareness of other patients’ health. It illustrates the need for screening patients for remaining symptoms after COVID‐19 disease and ICU care and may affect resuming patients’ daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Wallin
- Department of Surgical Sciences Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Michael Hultström
- Department of Surgical Sciences Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Medical Cell Biology Integrative Physiology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Miklos Lipcsey
- Department of Surgical Sciences Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Surgical Sciences Hedenstierna laboratory CIRRUS, Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Robert Frithiof
- Department of Surgical Sciences Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Sten Rubertsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Ing‐Marie Larsson
- Department of Surgical Sciences Anesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
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217
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Rydström LL, Ångström-Brännström C, Blake L, Brayl L, Carter B, Forsner M, Matsson J, Nilsson S, Jenholt Nolbris M, Kirton J, Kull I, Protheroe J, Rullander AC, Saron H, Lindholm Olinder A. How children in Sweden accessed and perceived information during the first phase of the Covid-19 pandemic. Scand J Public Health 2022; 50:144-151. [PMID: 34736348 PMCID: PMC8807992 DOI: 10.1177/14034948211051884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe how children in Sweden accessed and perceived information about SARS-CoV2 and Covid-19 during the first phase of the outbreak. METHODS This study is a substudy of an international cross-sectional online mixed methods survey examining elements of children's health literacy in relation to Covid-19. The survey included multiple-choice questions, open-ended questions and drawings and collected information from 50 Swedish children (7-12 years). Data were analysed concurrently on a descriptive level using statistics and content analysis. Quantitative and qualitative data, including the drawings, were considered equally important and resulted in six categories, illuminating how children accessed and perceived information about the pandemic. RESULTS The survey showed that children accessed information mainly from school but also from TV. They preferred information from reliable sources. Children reported the information they accessed as easy to understand and it prompted them to ask new questions. They reported they knew a lot about the pandemic, for example, the potential danger to themselves and others and how to act to protect themselves and others. They perceived the pandemic as an intrusion on their lives. CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that Swedish children between 7 and 12 years old were well informed about SARS-CoV2 and Covid-19 during the first phase of the pandemic. School was shown to be an important source of information. The children could explain how to act to protect themselves and others from becoming infected by the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise-Lott Rydström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Ångström-Brännström
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Lucy Blake
- Department of Social Science, University of the West of England (UWE)
| | - Lucy Brayl
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Bernie Carter
- Department of Social Science, University of the West of England (UWE)
| | - Maria Forsner
- Department of Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Janet Matsson
- The Swedish Red Cross University College, Department of Health Sciense, Sweden
- Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics (LIME), Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
| | - Stefan Nilsson
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care', University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Akademi, Health and Care Sciences and The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sweden
| | - Margaretha Jenholt Nolbris
- University of Gothenburg Centre for Person-centred Care', University of Gothenburg, Sweden
- University of Gothenburg Sahlgrenska Akademi, Health and Care Sciences and The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Kirton
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Inger Kull
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
| | | | | | - Holly Saron
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Anna Lindholm Olinder
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
- Sachs' Children and Youth Hospital, Södersjukhuset, Sweden
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218
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Thangaraju P, Mahesh K, Venkatesan S. Information on migraine drugs in commonly available Indian drug information sources - Whether we satisfied the community needs? Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:216-220. [PMID: 35848693 PMCID: PMC9396681 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_783_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug information can be obtained from various drug information sources that were available as government (National Formulary of India [NFI]; Central Drugs Standard Control Organization [CDSCO]), as well as commercial documents (Current Index of Medical Specialties [CIMS] and Monthly Index of Medical Specialties [MIMS]). Irrational drug usage may happen due to wide variation in the information available in these sources. In this study, we tried to assess these variations in a sample of drugs for the acute-specific management of migraine with ergot and Triptans antimigraine drugs in drug information sources such as NFI, CIMS, MIMS, and CDSCO. Scoring was done for various drug information based on the completeness of information about drugs used in acute-specific management of migraine. The scores for the completeness of drug information about the selected antimigraine drugs are 18.37% for CIMS (Ergotamine, Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan, and Zolmitriptan), 21.1% for NFI (Dihydroergotamine, Sumatriptan), 72.79% for MIMS (Ergotamine tartrate, Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan, Naratriptan, zolmitriptan, Almotriptan) and 21.77% for CDSCO (Ergotamine tartrate, Sumatriptan, Rizatriptan, Naratriptan, Zolmitriptan, eletriptan and almotriptan). The information for the antimigraine drugs available from various sources found to so much deficient. Necessary steps need to be taken in case of government public or hard documents to streamline drug information available with them as well the commercial documents as to provide reliable drug information uniformly for promoting rational use of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India. E-mail:
| | - Kothapalli Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Sajitha Venkatesan
- Department of Microbiology and, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
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219
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Marin GH, Giangreco L, Dorati C, Mordujovich P, Boni S, Mantilla-Ponte H, Alfonso Arvez MJ, López Peña M, Aldunate González MF, Ching Fung SM, Barcelona L, Campaña L, Vaquero Orellana A, Orjuela Rodríguez T, Ginés Cantero L, Villar RA, Sandoval Fuentes N, Melero E, Marin-Piva H, Soler G, Gabriel F, Pineda Velandia L, Ojeda Florentín C, Risso Patron S, Ortiz Rivas M, Mendoza Benítez C, Mellado R, Ivanovska V, Muller A, Rojas R, Castro JL. Antimicrobial Consumption in Latin American Countries: First Steps of a Long Road Ahead. J Prim Care Community Health 2022; 13:21501319221082346. [PMID: 35438037 PMCID: PMC9021473 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221082346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Irrational antimicrobial consumption (AMC) became one of the main global health problems in recent decades. Objective: In order to understand AMC in Latin-American Region, we performed the present research in 6 countries. Methods: Antimicrobial consumption (J01, A07A, P01AB groups) was registered in Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Paraguay, and Peru. Source of information, AMC type, DDD (Defined Daily Doses), DID (DDD/1000 inhabitants/day), population were variables explored. Data was analyzed using the Global Antimicrobial Resistance and Use Surveillance System (GLASS) tool. Results: Source of information included data from global, public, and private sectors. Total AMC was highly variable (range 1.91-36.26 DID). Penicillin was the most consumed group in all countries except in Paraguay, while macrolides and lincosamides were ranked second. In terms of type of AMC according to the WHO-AWaRe classification, it was found that for certain groups like “Reserve,” there are similarities among all countries. Conclusion and Relevance: This paper shows the progress that 6 Latin-American countries made toward AMC surveillance. The study provides a standardized approach for building a national surveillance system for AMC data analysis. These steps will contribute to the inclusion of Latin-America among the regions of the world that have periodic, regular, and quality data of AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo H Marin
- CUFAR-University Centre of Pharmacology, UNLP; WHO-PAHO Col., La Plata, Argentina
| | - Lucia Giangreco
- CUFAR-University Centre of Pharmacology, UNLP; WHO-PAHO Col., La Plata, Argentina
| | - Cristian Dorati
- CUFAR-University Centre of Pharmacology, UNLP; WHO-PAHO Col., La Plata, Argentina
| | - Perla Mordujovich
- CUFAR-University Centre of Pharmacology, UNLP; WHO-PAHO Col., La Plata, Argentina
| | - Silvia Boni
- ANMAT & Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Ma José Alfonso Arvez
- National Pharmacovigilance Dep-Ministry of Health, Asuncion, Gran Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Larissa Ginés Cantero
- National Pharmacovigilance Dep-Ministry of Health, Asuncion, Gran Asunción, Paraguay
| | - Rosa A Villar
- Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gisela Soler
- ANMAT & Ministry of Health, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | - Mariela Ortiz Rivas
- National Pharmacovigilance Dep-Ministry of Health, Asuncion, Gran Asunción, Paraguay
| | | | | | | | - Arno Muller
- World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Robin Rojas
- Pan-American Health Organization (PAHO), Washington, DC, USA
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220
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Altunisik E, Firat YE. Quality and Reliability Analysis of Essential Tremor Disease Information on Social Media: The Study of YouTube. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2022; 12:32. [PMID: 36415589 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background YouTube has evolved into an important educational tool and information source for patients and their families. YouTube videos have the potential to influence the patients' health-related diagnosis and treatment decision-making. We aimed to evaluate the quality and usefulness of videos on essential tremor available on YouTube using quantitative instruments. Methods Video searches were performed by typing the keywords 'essential tremor', 'postural tremor', 'action tremor', 'essential tremor hand', and 'essential tremor head' into the YouTube search bar. The top 30 videos were reviewed for each search term. The videos were analyzed by two independent raters using the DISCERN and Global Quality Scale (GQS) scoring systems. Qualitative and quantitative data were recorded for each video. Results A total of 83 videos were analyzed. The mean DISCERN score was 41.96 out of 75 possible points, and the mean GQS score was 2.97 out of 5 possible points. Twelve percent of the videos were categorized as very poor, 38.6% as poor, 20.5% as fair, 19.3% as good, and 9.6% as excellent. The videos containing qualitative content features, such as clear information, symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, treatment response, epidemiology, diagrams, and radiological images had significantly higher DISCERN and GQS scores. Discussion We consider that reliable and useful content is not provided on YouTube for individuals searching for information on essential tremor. We listed the best-quality videos on this topic as a reference for healthcare practitioners and patients. Patients should always verify information provided in such videos through more reliable sources.
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221
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Mbebi-Liégeois C. [Associations, key players in the sickle cell patient's journey]. Rev Infirm 2022; 71:31-32. [PMID: 35090628 DOI: 10.1016/j.revinf.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The associations fighting against sickle cell disease contribute to the well-being of patients and their families by providing them moral, practical, financial, social and legal support. They provide information on the disease to patients and the public, notably through digital communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Mbebi-Liégeois
- Associations membres de la filière Maladies constitutionnelles du globule rouge et de l'érythropoïèse, 1A place des Orphelins, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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222
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Shakespeare T, Watson N, Brunner R, Cullingworth J, Hameed S, Scherer N, Pearson C, Reichenberger V. Disabled people in Britain and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Soc Policy Adm 2022; 56:103-117. [PMID: 34548712 PMCID: PMC8446989 DOI: 10.1111/spol.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with 69 disabled people in England and Scotland, and with 28 key informants from infrastructure organisations in the voluntary and statutory sectors, about the impact of COVID-19, and measures taken to control it. Participants were recruited through voluntary organisations. As with everyone, the Pandemic has had a huge impact: we discuss the dislocations it has caused in everyday life; the failures of social care; the use of new technologies; and participants' view on leadership and communication. We conclude with suggestions for urgent short term and medium term responses, so that the United Kingdom and other countries can respond better to this and other pandemics, and build a more inclusive world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Shakespeare
- International Centre for Evidence in DisabilityLSHTMLondonUK
| | - Nicholas Watson
- Centre for Disability ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | - Richard Brunner
- Centre for Disability ResearchUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK
| | | | - Shaffa Hameed
- International Centre for Evidence in DisabilityLSHTMLondonUK
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Dalby M, Hill A, Nabhani-Gebara S. Analysis of local qualitative cancer patient experience alongside the 2019 results of the UK National Cancer Patient Experience Survey. Int J Pharm Pract 2021; 30:169-174. [PMID: 34969096 DOI: 10.1093/ijpp/riab081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study analyses data from local qualitative interviewing about what matters most to patients with information from the National Cancer Patient Experience Survey (NCPES) to formulate an accurate improvement plan. This study seeks to provide a deeper analysis of the results of the 2019 NCPES. METHODS Qualitative data were collected through a focus group, telephone and virtual interviews from patients in North East London. Ten questions from the NCPES were asked. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using an NVivo framework matrix. The results were analysed considering the 2019 National Cancer Patient Experience report. KEY FINDINGS In total, 17 patients and 4 carers participated. The interview answers provided a more in-depth response when compared with the NCPES results, allowing for a deeper understanding of patient experience. This provided an insightful understanding of what matters most to our patients. CONCLUSIONS The NCPES results are not always reflective of the patient population. Limitations of the survey make it hard for healthcare providers to develop accurate improvement plans. It is important to use other data sources such as qualitative interviewing alongside the NCPES. The data collated during this study have been used to identify themes and deliverables for achievable and sustainable improvements to be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Dalby
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
| | - Alison Hill
- Barts Health NHS Trust, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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Chirikjian GS. Rate of Entropy Production in Stochastic Mechanical Systems. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 24:19. [PMID: 35052045 PMCID: PMC8774488 DOI: 10.3390/e24010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Entropy production in stochastic mechanical systems is examined here with strict bounds on its rate. Stochastic mechanical systems include pure diffusions in Euclidean space or on Lie groups, as well as systems evolving on phase space for which the fluctuation-dissipation theorem applies, i.e., return-to-equilibrium processes. Two separate ways for ensembles of such mechanical systems forced by noise to reach equilibrium are examined here. First, a restorative potential and damping can be applied, leading to a classical return-to-equilibrium process wherein energy taken out by damping can balance the energy going in from the noise. Second, the process evolves on a compact configuration space (such as random walks on spheres, torsion angles in chain molecules, and rotational Brownian motion) lead to long-time solutions that are constant over the configuration space, regardless of whether or not damping and random forcing balance. This is a kind of potential-free equilibrium distribution resulting from topological constraints. Inertial and noninertial (kinematic) systems are considered. These systems can consist of unconstrained particles or more complex systems with constraints, such as rigid-bodies or linkages. These more complicated systems evolve on Lie groups and model phenomena such as rotational Brownian motion and nonholonomic robotic systems. In all cases, it is shown that the rate of entropy production is closely related to the appropriate concept of Fisher information matrix of the probability density defined by the Fokker-Planck equation. Classical results from information theory are then repurposed to provide computable bounds on the rate of entropy production in stochastic mechanical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Chirikjian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117575, Singapore
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225
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Drescher LS, Roosen J, Aue K, Dressel K, Schär W, Götz A. The Spread of COVID-19 Crisis Communication by German Public Authorities and Experts on Twitter: Quantitative Content Analysis. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2021; 7:e31834. [PMID: 34710054 PMCID: PMC8698804 DOI: 10.2196/31834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic led to the necessity of immediate crisis communication by public health authorities. In Germany, as in many other countries, people choose social media, including Twitter, to obtain real-time information and understanding of the pandemic and its consequences. Next to authorities, experts such as virologists and science communicators were very prominent at the beginning of German Twitter COVID-19 crisis communication. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to detect similarities and differences between public authorities and individual experts in COVID-19 crisis communication on Twitter during the first year of the pandemic. METHODS Descriptive analysis and quantitative content analysis were carried out on 8251 original tweets posted from January 1, 2020, to January 15, 2021. COVID-19-related tweets of 21 authorities and 18 experts were categorized into structural, content, and style components. Negative binomial regressions were performed to evaluate tweet spread measured by the retweet and like counts of COVID-19-related tweets. RESULTS Descriptive statistics revealed that authorities and experts increasingly tweeted about COVID-19 over the period under study. Two experts and one authority were responsible for 70.26% (544,418/774,865) of all retweets, thus representing COVID-19 influencers. Altogether, COVID-19 tweets by experts reached a 7-fold higher rate of retweeting (t8,249=26.94, P<.001) and 13.9 times the like rate (t8,249=31.27, P<.001) compared with those of authorities. Tweets by authorities were much more designed than those by experts, with more structural and content components; for example, 91.99% (4997/5432) of tweets by authorities used hashtags in contrast to only 19.01% (536/2819) of experts' COVID-19 tweets. Multivariate analysis revealed that such structural elements reduce the spread of the tweets, and the incidence rate of retweets for authorities' tweets using hashtags was approximately 0.64 that of tweets without hashtags (Z=-6.92, P<.001). For experts, the effect of hashtags on retweets was insignificant (Z=1.56, P=.12). CONCLUSIONS Twitter data are a powerful information source and suitable for crisis communication in Germany. COVID-19 tweet activity mirrors the development of COVID-19 cases in Germany. Twitter users retweet and like communications regarding COVID-19 by experts more than those delivered by authorities. Tweets have higher coverage for both authorities and experts when they are plain and for authorities when they directly address people. For authorities, it appears that it was difficult to win recognition during COVID-19. For all stakeholders studied, the association between number of followers and number of retweets was highly significantly positive (authorities Z=28.74, P<.001; experts Z=25.99, P<.001). Updated standards might be required for successful crisis communication by authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jutta Roosen
- C³ team GbR, Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Management, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Dressel
- Süddeutsches Institut für empirische Sozialforschung e.V., Munich, Germany
| | - Wiebke Schär
- Süddeutsches Institut für empirische Sozialforschung e.V., Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Götz
- Süddeutsches Institut für empirische Sozialforschung e.V., Munich, Germany
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226
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Plusch K, Carfagno J, Givner D, Fletcher D, Aita D, Gallant GG, Abboudi J, Beredjiklian P. An Evaluation of the Source and Content of Dupuytren's Disease Information Available on the Internet. Cureus 2021; 13:e19356. [PMID: 34909317 PMCID: PMC8653955 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.19356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The internet continues to expand in both size and number of users, and patients are using the internet with increasing frequency to research orthopedic conditions and treatment options. Despite the prevalence of patients searching for medical information, the quality of the available information varies substantially. The purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of the information available on the internet for Dupuytren’s disease. We hypothesized that the informational content found on the internet regarding this condition would be of acceptable quality. Methods The search phrasing “‘Dupuytren’ OR ‘Dupuytren’s’” was used to mimic how patients would likely search for information on the disease. These terms were entered into the five English-language search engines with the most frequent use on the internet. On each search engine, the first 50 URLs were recorded, including sponsored sites. The 250 total sites were filtered to remove duplicate sites and URLs linking to other search engines, resulting in a final list of 84 websites for informational scoring. A previously published information evaluation protocol was used to grade each website. Each site was graded according to these guidelines by two authors and scored based on authorship, content, disease summary, treatment options, pathogenesis, complications, and results. A third author resolved any conflict on authorship or content before analysis. The resultant “informational value” is the sum of the disease summary, treatment options, pathogenesis, complications, and results and can range from 0-100. Results The mean total information score for all sites was 47.5 out of 100 points. Forty-three (51.2%) of the websites evaluated were authored by a physician or academic institution, and thirty-four (40.5%) of the sites were commercial in nature. The final seven websites (8.3%) had nonphysician, unidentified, or lay authorship. Physician and academic institution authored websites had an average informational score of 55.5 out of 100 points, compared to 39.7 out of 100 for all other websites. This difference was statistically significant (p <0.01). The mean informational score for the 10 sponsored websites was 16.4 out of 100. Conclusion We concluded that internet information on Dupuytren’s disease is of poor quality and incomplete. Academic and physician authored sites have higher quality than commercial sites, but significant room for improvement still exists. Patients should be advised to identify the authorship of the websites they obtain information from and avoid advertisements and commercial sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Plusch
- Hand Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jack Carfagno
- Orthopedic Surgery, Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Daniel Givner
- Orthopedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Daniel Fletcher
- Hand Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Daren Aita
- Hand Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Greg G Gallant
- Hand Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Jack Abboudi
- Hand Surgery, Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Philadelphia, USA
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227
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Lokmic-Tomkins Z, Marriott P, Tuddenham A, Martin J. Using Real-Time Data to Develop and Improve Teaching of Clinical Skills in Virtual Nursing Simulation Laboratories During COVID-19 Pandemic. Stud Health Technol Inform 2021; 284:153-157. [PMID: 34920493 DOI: 10.3233/shti210688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During COVID-19 pandemic public health measures, face-to-face simulation laboratories were cancelled. A rapid transition to online teaching environments required staff and students to rapid upskilling in digital literacy. The purpose of this article is to describe a model of virtual nursing simulation laboratory implemented in graduate entry to practice Master's nursing program to teach clinical skills. The model used cloud-based communication app Zoom and real time feedback data to improve content delivery, student engagement and confidence in skill development. This model was co-designed with the student cohort to ensure students, as stakeholders, had a voice in having their education needs met during these challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerina Lokmic-Tomkins
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Australia.,Centre for Digital Transformation of Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Annie Tuddenham
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Joanne Martin
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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228
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Sauers-Ford HS, Aboagye JB, Henderson S, Marcin JP, Rosenthal JL. Disconnection in Information Exchange During Pediatric Trauma Transfers: A Qualitative Study. J Patient Exp 2021; 8:23743735211056513. [PMID: 34869838 PMCID: PMC8640298 DOI: 10.1177/23743735211056513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pediatric patients experiencing an emergency department (ED) visit for a traumatic injury often transfer from the referring ED to a pediatric trauma center. This qualitative study sought to evaluate the experience of information exchange during pediatric trauma visits to referring EDs from the perspectives of parents and referring and accepting clinicians through semi-structured interviews. Twenty-five interviews were conducted (10 parents and 15 clinicians) and analyzed through qualitative thematic analysis. A 4-person team collaboratively identified codes, wrote memos, developed major themes, and discussed theoretical concepts. Three interdependent themes emerged: (1) Parents’ and clinicians’ distinct experiences result in a disconnect of information exchange needs; (2) systems factors inhibit effective information exchange and amplify the disconnect; and (3) situational context disrupts the flow of information contributing to the disconnect. Individual-, situational-, and systems-level factors contribute to disconnects in the information exchanged between parents and clinicians. Understanding how these factors’ influence information disconnect may offer avenues for improving patient–clinician communication in trauma transfers.
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229
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Adiguzel Y. Information-theoretic approach in allometric scaling relations of DNA and proteins. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:331-343. [PMID: 34855304 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Allometric scaling relations can be observed in between molecular parameters. Hence, we looked for presence of such relation among sizes (i.e., lengths) of proteins and genes. Protein lengths exist in the literature as the number of amino acids. They can also be derived from the mRNA lengths. Here, we looked for allometric scaling relation by using such data and simultaneously, the data was compared with the sizes of genes and proteins that were obtained from our modified information-theoretic approach. Results implied presence of scaling relation in the calculated results. This was expected due to the implemented modification in the information-theoretic calculation. Relation in the literature-based data was lacking high goodness of fit value. It could be due to physical factors and selective pressures, which ended up in deviations of the literature-sourced values from those in the model. Genome size is correlated with cell size. Intracellular volume, which is related to the DNA size, would require certain number of proteins, the sizes of which can therefore be correlated with the protein sizes. Cell sizes, genome sizes, and average protein and gene sizes, along with the number of proteins, namely the expression levels of the genes, are the physical factors, and the molecular factors influence those physical factors. The selective pressures on those can act through the connection between those physical factors and limit the dynamic ranges. Biological measures could be prone to such forces and are likely to deviate from expected models, regardless of the validity of assumptions, unless those are also implemented in the models. Yet, present discrepancies could be pointing at the need for model improvement, data imperfection, invalid assumptions, etc. Still, current work highlights possible use of information-theoretic approach in allometric scaling relations' studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yekbun Adiguzel
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine, Atilim University, Ankara, Turkey
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230
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Juul Søndergaard ME, Lode K, Kjosavik SR, Husebø SE. Men's perception of information and descriptions of emotional strain in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer-a qualitative individual interview study. Scand J Prim Health Care 2021; 39:476-485. [PMID: 34806534 PMCID: PMC8725825 DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2021.2004734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore men`s perception of information and their possible emotional strain in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, PATIENTS A qualitative explorative research design was employed. Data were collected from June to November 2017. The study was set at a urological outpatient clinic at a university hospital in Norway. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with ten men who had been examined for prostate cancer. Interviews were analyzed using Systematic Text Condensation (STC). RESULTS The analysis revealed three themes. The theme 'Different needs and perceptions of information' illustrated that information should be personalized. Despite different information needs, insufficient information about prostate cancer may prevent some men from being involved in decisions. The theme, 'A discovery of not being alone', indicated that a sense of affinity occurs when men realize the commonality of prostate cancer. Some men benefited from other men's experiences and knowledge about prostate cancer. The last theme 'Worries about cancer and mortality' showed that the emotional strain was affected by men's knowledge of cancer and the received information. Men expressed conflicting feelings toward prostate cancer that could be difficult to express. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that men in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer are not a homogeneous group, but need personalized information. Some men may benefit from other men's experiences and support. Men's emotional strain can affect their communication about prostate cancer, which should be acknowledged. Procedures that identify patients' information needs early on should be an integrated part of the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer.KEY POINTSKnowledge about men's information needs and possible emotional strain in the diagnostic phase of prostate cancer are limited.Men with suspected prostate cancer have different preferences and information needs; however, insufficient information prevents men from participating in decisions.Men experience a sense of affinity with other men affected by prostate cancer, and some men benefit from exchanging experiences.Men consider prostate cancer as a less aggressive type of cancer but may experience emotional strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Elisabeth Juul Søndergaard
- Department of Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Research Group of Nursing and Healthcare Sciences, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- The General Practice and Care Coordination Research Group, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- CONTACT Maja Elisabeth Juul Søndergaard Department of Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Postboks 8100, Stavanger, 4068, Norway
| | - Kirsten Lode
- Research Group of Nursing and Healthcare Sciences, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- The General Practice and Care Coordination Research Group, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Svein Reidar Kjosavik
- The General Practice and Care Coordination Research Group, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Sissel Eikeland Husebø
- Department of Surgery, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Research Group of Nursing and Healthcare Sciences, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- The General Practice and Care Coordination Research Group, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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231
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Abstract
We explore whether firms with more conditionally conservative accounting practices have higher stock returns than other firms during the Covid‐19 outbreak. We find evidence that Chinese firms listed on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges applying more conditionally conservative reporting have lower declines in stock return performance during the Covid‐19 outbreak relative to other firms. We also find that the beneficial role of conditional conservatism is higher when firms have greater information asymmetry following the Covid‐19 pandemic. Our results are robust to various model specifications with four different measures of conservatism and an alternative return window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Institute for Financial and Accounting StudiesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Pamela Kent
- QUT Business SchoolQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLDAustralia
- School of Accounting and FinanceUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Sujin Kim
- School of Accounting and FinanceUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSAAustralia
| | - Shan Li
- Institute for Financial and Accounting StudiesXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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232
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Carr E. Oncology Nurses: Influencers on Social Media. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2021; 25:621-622. [PMID: 34800093 DOI: 10.1188/21.cjon.621-622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As oncology nurses, we know that we can provide our patients and caregivers with fact-based information to help them manage symptoms, support their coping, and provide clarity for their decision-making (Gaguski et al., 2017). The credibility of nurses has been confirmed by multiyear surveys, placing nurses at the top of trusted professions in the United States (Saad, 2020). Our ability as nurses to provide accurate information is one of our nursing superpowers-a way to counteract the slurry of misinformation that unfortunately permeates societal discourse of late.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Carr
- University of California San Diego Moores Cancer Center
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233
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Knutsson S, Golsäter M, Enskär K. The meaning of being a visiting child of a seriously ill parent receiving care at the ICU. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 16:1999884. [PMID: 34775932 PMCID: PMC8604516 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2021.1999884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Children's visits to the ICU are still restricted, and more focus on the child's own needs and experiences are needed. The aim of this study is to illustrate the meaning of being a visiting child of a seriously ill parent receiving care at the ICU. METHOD A qualitative descriptive design was used, with open-ended interviews with seven children (6-18 years) performed and analysed using a phenomenological research approach. FINDINGS Being a visiting child of a seriously ill parent receiving care at the ICU is described as a life situation taking place in an unfamiliar environment, characterized by a heartfelt, genuine desire to be there, in an interdependence entailing offering a loved one the help they need while at the same time being seen in a compassionate way and being able to share, revealing a sudden awakening of an inner truth of reality and a sense of a healing wisdom of understanding. CONCLUSIONS The children felt good when they visited their ill parent, but at the same time not fully involved, and desired a more compassionate, caring approach by the nurses. Improvements are needed in how to approach visiting children in a more individual and caring way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Knutsson
- Child, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Health and Caring Sciences, Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Marie Golsäter
- Child Health Services, Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden; and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Enskär
- Department of Women´s and Children´s health, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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234
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Orsucci F. Human Synchronization Maps-The Hybrid Consciousness of the Embodied Mind. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:1569. [PMID: 34945875 PMCID: PMC8700702 DOI: 10.3390/e23121569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We examine the theoretical implications of empirical studies developed over recent years. These experiments have explored the biosemiotic nature of communication streams from emotional neuroscience and embodied mind perspectives. Information combinatorics analysis enabled a deeper understanding of the coupling and decoupling dynamics of biosemiotics streams. We investigated intraindividual and interpersonal relations as coevolution dynamics of hybrid couplings, synchronizations, and desynchronizations. Cluster analysis and Markov chains produced evidence of chimaera states and phase transitions. A probabilistic and nondeterministic approach clarified the properties of these hybrid dynamics. Thus, multidimensional theoretical models can represent the hybrid nature of human interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franco Orsucci
- Department of Psychology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Norfolk and Suffolk NHS Foundation Trust, Drayton High Road, Norwich NR6 5BE, UK
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235
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Seckin G, Hughes S. Patient-Reported Outcomes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Older Internet Users: Cross-sectional Survey. JMIR Aging 2021; 4:e16006. [PMID: 34822340 PMCID: PMC8663692 DOI: 10.2196/16006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid diffusion of the internet has decreased consumer reliance on health care providers for health information and facilitated the patients' ability to be an agent in control of their own health. However, empirical evidence is limited regarding the effects of health-related internet use among older adults, which is complicated by the proliferation of online health and medical sources of questionable scientific accuracy. OBJECTIVE We explore the effects of health-related internet use, education, and eHealth literacy on medical encounters and patient-reported outcomes. Patient-reported outcomes are categorized into two dimensions: (1) self-reported health problem and (2) affective distress (feeling worried and anxious) due to information obtained. We were particularly interested in whether education and eHealth literacy moderate the association between perceived strain in medical encounters and patient-reported outcomes. METHODS Our study sample consisted of online panel members who have used the internet as a resource for health information, randomly drawn from one of the largest probability-based online research panels. This paper specifically reports results obtained from older panel members (age≥60 years: n=194). First, we examined descriptive statistics and bivariate associations (Pearson correlations and independent samples t tests). We used hierarchical ordinary least squares regression analyses by running separate regressions for each patient-reported outcome. In model 1, we entered the main effects. In model 2, technology and medical encounter variables were included. Model 3 added the statistical interaction terms. RESULTS Age (β=-.17; P=.02), gender (β=-.22; P=.01), and medical satisfaction (β=-.28; P=.01) were significant predictors of self-reported health problems. Affective distress was positively predicted by gender (β=.13; P=.05) and satisfaction with medical encounters (β=.34; P<.001) but negatively predicted by education (β=-.18; P=.03) and eHealth literacy (β=-.32; P=.01). The association between experiencing a health problem in relation to health-related internet use and perception of strained medical encounters was greater among respondents with lower levels of education (β=-.55; P=.04). There was also a significant interaction between education and eHealth literacy in predicting the level of affective distress (β=-.60; P=.05), which indicated that higher levels of education predicted lower averages of feeling anxiety and worry despite lower eHealth literacy. Older women reported higher averages of affective distress (β=.13; P=.05), while older men reported higher averages of experiencing a self-reported health problem (β=-.22; P=.01). CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence for the effect of health-related internet use on patient-reported outcomes with implications for medical encounters. The results could be used to guide educational and eHealth literacy interventions for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gul Seckin
- Department of Sociology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Susan Hughes
- Department of Sociology, Ouachita Baptist University, Arkadelphia, AR, United States
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236
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Seok JW, Shin J, Kang B, Lee H, Cho E, Lee KH. Non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technology for behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. J Adv Nurs 2021; 78:282-293. [PMID: 34812533 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To review and examine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia using information and communication technology. DESIGN This is a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS The databases including PubMed, CINAHL with Full Text (EBSCOhost), PsycINFO, Embase, and the Cochrane Library will be searched for all published studies. Studies will be screened and selected with criteria described in PICOS format. Risk of bias will be assessed by the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence checklist. Data will be extracted from eligible studies and used to perform a meta-analysis examining the overall effects and effects on individual outcomes. Additionally, we will conduct meta-regression to examine the association between explanatory variables and behavioural and psychological symptoms. This study has been funded since June 2020. DISCUSSION This study will be the first to reveal the effects of non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technology on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Furthermore, this study will provide updated and valid evidence of interventions using this for managing behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. IMPACT Although non-pharmacological interventions using information and communication technology for older adults living with dementia are continuously developing, their direct effect remains unclear. This study will evaluate the effectiveness of these interventions on behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia and provide the evidence to implement these interventions among older adults living with dementia. Thus, caregivers and nursing staff can manage behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia more effectively by incorporating information and communication technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Woon Seok
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinhee Shin
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bada Kang
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyangkyu Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eunhee Cho
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Hee Lee
- College of Nursing, Mo-Im Kim Nursing Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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237
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Soundirarajan M, Kuca K, Krejcar O, Namazi H. Decoding of the coupling between the brain and facial muscle reactions in auditory stimulation. Technol Health Care 2021; 30:859-868. [PMID: 34842201 DOI: 10.3233/thc-213528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of the reactions of different organs to external stimuli is an important area of research in physiological science. OBJECTIVE In this paper, we investigated the correlation between the brain and facial muscle activities by information-based analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and electromyogram (EMG) signals using Shannon entropy. METHOD The EEG and EMG signals of thirteen subjects were recorded during rest and auditory stimulations using relaxing, pop, and rock music. Accordingly, we calculated the Shannon entropy of these signals. RESULTS The results showed that rock music has a greater effect on the information of EEG and EMG signals than pop music, which itself has a greater effect than relaxing music. Furthermore, a strong correlation (r= 0.9980) was found between the variations of the information of EEG and EMG signals. CONCLUSION The activities of the facial muscle and brain are correlated in different conditions. This technique can be utilized to investigate the correlation between the activities of different organs versus brain activity in different situations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czechia.,Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ondrej Krejcar
- Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czechia.,Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hamidreza Namazi
- School of Engineering, Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia.,Center for Basic and Applied Research, Faculty of Informatics and Management, University of Hradec Kralove, Czechia
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238
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Agu IC, Mbachu CO, Ezenwaka U, Okeke C, Eze I, Arize I, Ezumah N, Onwujekwe O. Variations in utilization of health facilities for information and services on sexual and reproductive health among adolescents in South-East, Nigeria. Niger J Clin Pract 2021; 24:1582-1589. [PMID: 34782494 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_48_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Adolescents' sexual and reproductive health has an important influence on a country's long-term national growth. There is a high level of burden due to poor adolescent sexual and reproductive health (ASRH) in Nigeria, especially the Ebonyi State. Evidence shows that in the Sub-Saharan African region, most adolescents experience poor access to information and other services relating to their sexual and reproductive health. Many cultures in Africa see matters around sex and sexuality as social taboos. Aims This study aimed to access variations in the utilization of health facilities for sexual and reproductive health information and services among adolescents in the Ebonyi State, Nigeria. This will inform the design of interventions to improve ASRH. Patients and Methods A total of 1,057 in-school and out-of-school adolescents aged 13-18 years were selected using cluster sampling of households from the six selected local government areas (LGAs) in this cross-sectional survey. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were performed alongside stratification analysis. Tabulation, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were undertaken. A household wealth index was calculated using the total household consumption calculated divided by the number of people in the household (per capita household consumption). The per capita household consumption was used to categorize the households into socioeconomic quintiles. The variable was used to differentiate key variables into socioeconomic quintile equity analysis. Results A majority of the respondents had never visited any type of health facility to receive either sexual and reproductive health (SRH) information (90.2%) or services (97.1%). The utilization rate of health facilities for SRH information was 9.8% while for other SRH services was 2.8%. The patent medicine vendor (PMV) was the most visited type of facility for SRH information and other services. Schooling was a strong predictor of health facilities' utilization for SRH information (P < 0.01) and other services (P < 0.01). Conclusion Utilization of health facilities for information and services among adolescents in the Ebonyi State is very low and favorable toward informal service providers such as PMVs. The establishment and strengthening of the existing youth-friendly centers, school clinics, and occasional outreach programs designed specifically to target adolescents would perhaps improve adolescents' access to adequate information and health facility utilization for sexual, reproductive, and health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- I C Agu
- Health Policy Research Group; Institute of Public Health, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - C O Mbachu
- Health Policy Research Group; Institute of Public Health; Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - U Ezenwaka
- Health Policy Research Group; Health Administration and Management, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - C Okeke
- Health Policy Research Group; Institute of Public Health; Department of Community Medicine, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - I Eze
- Health Policy Research Group, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - I Arize
- Health Policy Research Group; Health Administration and Management, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - N Ezumah
- Health Policy Research Group, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - O Onwujekwe
- Health Policy Research Group; Health Administration and Management, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Ciavattini A, Delli Carpini G, Giannella L, Del Fabro A, Banerji V, Hall G, Barbero M, Sopracordevole F. An online survey on emotions, impact on everyday life, and educational needs of women with HPV positivity or abnormal Pap smear result. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e27177. [PMID: 34766557 PMCID: PMC8589238 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000027177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the emotional path, impact on everyday life, and adequacy of patient education throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic journey of women who received a positive human papillomavirus (HPV) test or Pap smear result.An online survey was designed to determine the demographic characteristics, dominant feelings throughout the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, major lifestyle changes, impact on social life, and perceived adequacy of patient information in Italian women with a positive HPV test or abnormal cervical cytology result. In this study, the phases of the "patient's journey" included the initial test, waiting for colposcopy or biopsy, waiting for surgery, and follow-up.Anxiety, worry, and fear were the most frequently cited emotions during the initial tests and intervals between procedures. Anxiety and fear gradually decreased during the journey until surgery, and higher levels of optimism were observed postsurgery. The most frequently reported lifestyle changes were attempts to boost the immune system, increased precautions in sexual practices, and dietary changes. Social life is affected by changes in sexual and intimate relationships with partners. Women reported receiving insufficient patient education on the diagnosis and its implications, progression, management, personal care, and resolution.Significant attention should be given to the psychosocial aspects of the entire patient journey after receiving a positive HPV test or an abnormal Pap smear result. It is essential to establish a good rapport between patients and healthcare professionals, and to educate women regarding the condition by minimizing the gap between the perceived and desired adequacy of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ciavattini
- Gynecologic Section, Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Delli Carpini
- Gynecologic Section, Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Luca Giannella
- Gynecologic Section, Department of Odontostomatologic and Specialized Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Del Fabro
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano-IRCCS, SOC Chirurgia Oncologica Ginecologica, Aviano, Italy
| | - Vivek Banerji
- Insight Dojo, Studio 206, The Print Rooms, 164-180 Union Street, London, UK
| | - Genevieve Hall
- Insight Dojo, Studio 206, The Print Rooms, 164-180 Union Street, London, UK
| | - Maggiorino Barbero
- Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Asti, SOC Ostetricia e Ginecologia, Asti, Italy
| | - Francesco Sopracordevole
- Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano-IRCCS, SOC Chirurgia Oncologica Ginecologica, Aviano, Italy
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240
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Gaultier C. ["Refusal of interventional cardiology care : what to do ? "]. Ann Cardiol Angeiol (Paris) 2021; 70:457-60. [PMID: 34742468 DOI: 10.1016/j.ancard.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In emergency, physicians are confronted with obligations that may appear in opposition: assistance to a person in danger and consent to care. Knowing the seriousness of acute coronary syndromes, the cardiologist in front of an ignorant patient should not too quickly resolve himself to accept a refusal. In 2 clinical cases, the different means to obtaining consent are recalled: the evocation of the risks in the absence of care (death, physical incapacity, professional aptitude, heavy treatments) taking into account the psychology of the patient, without him make them lose face, by reassuring them about the steps of the procedure, while explaining the lower effectiveness of other therapies (loss of chance). The participation of all medical and paramedical actors makes it possible to match a psychology adapted to the patient's profile, to prevent an incompatibility of mood leading to death by refusal of care. More than ever, the cardiologist has an "obligation" to implement "all means". If the refusal persists, it will be necessary to find the most effective alternative and to get the patient to return to the optimal strategy by a rapid contact, by involving his family and his attending physicians, who will be informed without delay, with remission of prescriptions. To protect themselves from possible prosecution, the healthcare team will record in detail the course of the events, as well as a detailed document of the refusal of care, signed by the patient who acknowledges having been informed of the risks involved.
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Ferreira da Silva P, Talson MD, Finlay J, Rossum K, Soroka KV, McCormick M, Desjarlais A, Vorster H, Fontaine G, Sass R, James M, Sood MM, Tong A, Pannu N, Tennankore K, Thompson S, Tonelli M, Bohm C. Patient, Caregiver, and Provider Perspectives on Improving Information Delivery in Hemodialysis: A Qualitative Study. Can J Kidney Health Dis 2021; 8:20543581211046078. [PMID: 34721884 PMCID: PMC8552378 DOI: 10.1177/20543581211046078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with kidney failure are exposed to a surfeit of new information about their disease and treatment, often resulting in ineffective communication between patients and providers. Improving the amount, timing, and individualization of information received has been identified as a priority in in-center hemodialysis care. Objective To describe and explicate patient, caregiver, and health care provider perspectives regarding challenges and solutions to information transfer in clinical hemodialysis care. Design In this multicenter qualitative study, we gathered perspectives of patients, their caregivers, and health care providers conducted through focus groups and interviews. Setting Five Canadian hemodialysis centers: Calgary, Edmonton, Winnipeg, Ottawa, and Halifax. Participants English-speaking adults receiving in-center hemodialysis for longer than 6 months, their caregivers, and hemodialysis health care providers. Methods Between May 24, 2017, and August 16, 2018, data collected through focus groups and interviews with hemodialysis patients and their caregivers subsequently informed semi-structured interviews with health care providers. For this secondary analysis, data were analyzed through an inductive thematic analysis using grounded theory, to examine the data more deeply for overarching themes. Results Among 82 patients/caregivers and 31 healthcare providers, 6 main themes emerged. Themes identified from patients/caregivers were (1) overwhelmed at initiation of hemodialysis care, (2) need for peer support, and (3) improving comprehension of hemodialysis processes. Themes identified from providers were (1) time constraints with patients, (2) relevance of information provided, and (3) technological innovations to improve patient engagement. Limitations Findings were limited to Canadian context, English speakers, and individuals receiving hemodialysis in urban centers. Conclusions Participants identified challenges and potential solutions to improve the amount, timing, and individualization of information provided regarding in-center hemodialysis care, which included peer support, technological innovations, and improved knowledge translation activities. Findings may inform the development of interventions and strategies aimed at improving information delivery to facilitate patient-centered hemodialysis care.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Melanie D Talson
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Juli Finlay
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Krista Rossum
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | | | - Arlene Desjarlais
- Can-SOLVE CKD Network Patient Council, Canada.,Can-SOLVE CKD Network Indigenous Peoples' Engagement and Research Council, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | | | - George Fontaine
- Can-SOLVE CKD Network Patient Council, Canada.,Can-SOLVE CKD Network Indigenous Peoples' Engagement and Research Council, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Rachelle Sass
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Matthew James
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Manish M Sood
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Allison Tong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Neesh Pannu
- Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Clara Bohm
- Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada.,Chronic Disease Innovation Centre, Seven Oaks General Hospital, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Peña E, Sayama H. Life Worth Mentioning: Complexity in Life-Like Cellular Automata. Artif Life 2021; 27:105-112. [PMID: 34727158 DOI: 10.1162/artl_a_00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cellular automata (CA) have been lauded for their ability to generate complex global patterns from simple local rules. The late English mathematician, John Horton Conway, developed his illustrious Game of Life (Life) CA in 1970, which has since remained one of the most quintessential CA constructions-capable of producing a myriad of complex dynamic patterns and computational universality. Life and several other Life-like rules have been classified in the same group of aesthetically and dynamically interesting CA rules characterized by their complex behaviors. However, a rigorous quantitative comparison among similarly classified Life-like rules has not yet been fully established. Here we show that Life is capable of maintaining as much complexity as similar rules while remaining the most parsimonious. In other words, Life contains a consistent amount of complexity throughout its evolution, with the least number of rule conditions compared to other Life-like rules. We also found that the complexity of higher density Life-like rules, which themselves contain the Life rule as a subset, form a distinct concave density-complexity relationship whereby an optimal complexity candidate is proposed. Our results also support the notion that Life functions as the basic ingredient for cultivating the balance between structure and randomness to maintain complexity in 2D CA for low- and high-density regimes, especially over many iterations. This work highlights the genius of John Horton Conway and serves as a testament to his timeless marvel, which is referred to simply as: Life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Peña
- Binghamton University, SUNY, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Center for Collective Dynamics of Complex Systems.
| | - Hiroki Sayama
- Binghamton University, SUNY, Department of Systems Science and Industrial Engineering, Center for Collective Dynamics of Complex Systems.
- Waseda University, Waseda Innovation Lab
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243
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Divvi A, Kengadaran S, Katuri LS, Kavitha M, Sundaragopal A, Anusha V, Kengadaran S, Sekar H. A content analysis of social media on outbreak of infodemic amidst COVID-19 pandemic. J Educ Health Promot 2021; 10:366. [PMID: 34912902 PMCID: PMC8641727 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_1136_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With so much content on social media platforms about COVID-19, determining which information is reliable can be a daunting task. Hence, this study is aimed to analyze various posts with regard to COVID-19 on various social media platforms for their reliability and also examined various factors that influence information reliability. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted, with 934 samples related to coronavirus pandemic published on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook using systematic random sampling. We adopted the criteria given by Paul Bradshaw and modified to assess the characteristics of the samples. Training and calibration of the investigators were carried out for 3 consecutive days before beginning the study. The data were analyzed using the Chi-square test and multinomial logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios. RESULTS Out of 934 samples studied, only 570 (61%) were found to be reliable of which 243 (42.6%) were from Twitter, 117 (20.6%) from Instagram, and 210 (36.8%) from Facebook. We found that the reliability of the information on social media platforms is significantly influenced by network (odds: 1.32; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.16-1.52; P = 0.036), content (odds: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.69-1.92; P = 0.009), contextual update (odds: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.24-1.53) and age of the account (odds: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.64-2.09; P = 0.002). CONCLUSION Our study shows that the reliability of the social media posts significantly depends on the network, contextual update, and age of the account. Hence, cross verifying the information from a reliable source is the need of the hour to prevent panic and mental distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Divvi
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
| | - Shivashankar Kengadaran
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Puducherry, India
| | - Lakshmi Subhashini Katuri
- Department of Medicine, Geetam Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - M. Kavitha
- Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Puducherry, India
| | - Arunkumar Sundaragopal
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Sri Venkateshwara Dental College and Hospitals, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vani Anusha
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth Puducherry, India
| | | | - Hemachandran Sekar
- Department of Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India
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Lanero A, Vázquez JL, Sahelices-Pinto C. Halo Effect and Source Credibility in the Evaluation of Food Products Identified by Third-Party Certified Eco-Labels: Can Information Prevent Biased Inferences? Foods 2021; 10:2512. [PMID: 34828793 PMCID: PMC8621627 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the growing awareness of the need to promote the consumption of organic food, consumers have difficulties in correctly identifying it in the market, making frequent cognitive mistakes in the evaluation of products identified by sustainability labels and claims. This work analyzes the halo effect and the source credibility bias in the interpretation of product attributes based on third-party certified labels. It is hypothesized that, regardless of their specific meaning, official labels lead consumers to infer higher environmental sustainability, quality and price of the product, due to the credibility attributed to the certifying entity. It also examines the extent to which providing the consumer with accurate labeling information helps prevent biased heuristic thinking. An experimental between-subject study was performed with a sample of 412 Spanish business students and data were analyzed using partial least squares. Findings revealed that consumers tend to infer environmental superiority and, consequently, higher quality in products identified by both organic and non-organic certified labels, due to their credibility. Label credibility was also associated with price inferences, to a greater extent than the meaning attributed to the label. Interestingly, providing accurate information did not avoid biased heuristic thinking in product evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Lanero
- Department of Business Economics and Management, Faculty of Economics and Business Sciences, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; (J.-L.V.); (C.S.-P.)
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Douine M, Granier S, Brureau K, Breton J, Michaud C, Gaillet M, Agostini C, Ballet M, Nacher M, Valdes A, Abboud P, Adenis A, Djossou F, Epelboin L, Vignier N. Levers and Barriers to Vaccinate against COVID-19 in the Multicultural Context of French Guiana: A Qualitative Cross-Sectional Survey among Health Care Workers. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:1216. [PMID: 34835147 PMCID: PMC8622149 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In French Guiana, a French overseas territory in South America facing a fourth wave of COVID-19, vaccination coverage is very low, both in the population and among health care workers (HCWs). Vaccine hesitancy concerned 35.7% of the latter in early 2021. The objective of this complementary study is to understand barriers and levers and to adapt messages to increase vaccination coverage among HCWs. We conducted a regional cross-sectional survey of HCWs with a questionnaire containing open-ended questions exploring factors associated with vaccine hesitancy and the needs to adapt the vaccination campaign in French Guiana. The discourses were analyzed using a qualitative approach based on grounded theory, with open coding of data by themes and construction of abstract categories. The analysis of the 357 responses collected from January to March 2021 reveals several trends. The ethical aspect of the HCWs' role emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated themselves (to protect patients, to set an example...) and of vaccinating as many people as possible, including the most geographically or socially distant, such as undocumented migrants. However, some HCWs remain suspicious of the vaccine with concerns over the efficacy and side effects, of health institutions, and of the pharmaceutical industry. The role of fake news circulating on social networks has been widely discussed. Efforts to explain and convince HCWs must be continued in French Guiana using the identified levers to improve the acceptability of vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maylis Douine
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (S.G.); (K.B.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (N.V.)
- TBIP (Tropical Biome and Immuno Physiopathology), U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Guyane, Campus de Troubiran, 97337 Guyane Française, France; (F.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Sibylle Granier
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (S.G.); (K.B.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (N.V.)
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale Montpellier-Nîmes, Université de Montpellier, 163 rue Auguste Broussonnet, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Kepha Brureau
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (S.G.); (K.B.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (N.V.)
- Département Universitaire de Médecine Générale, Campus de la Fouillole, Université des Antilles, BP 145, 97145 Pointe-à-Pitre, France
| | - Jacques Breton
- Union Régionale des Professions de Santé—Médecins Libéraux de Guyane, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Céline Michaud
- Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (C.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Mélanie Gaillet
- Centres Délocalisés de Prévention et de Soins, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (C.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Camille Agostini
- Centre Hospitalier Ouest Guyanais, Av Paul Castaing, 97320 Saint Laurent du Maroni, France;
| | - Mathilde Ballet
- Agence Régionale de la Santé de Guyane, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Mathieu Nacher
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (S.G.); (K.B.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (N.V.)
- TBIP (Tropical Biome and Immuno Physiopathology), U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Guyane, Campus de Troubiran, 97337 Guyane Française, France; (F.D.); (L.E.)
| | - Audrey Valdes
- Hygiene Department, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Philippe Abboud
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Antoine Adenis
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (S.G.); (K.B.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (N.V.)
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Félix Djossou
- TBIP (Tropical Biome and Immuno Physiopathology), U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Guyane, Campus de Troubiran, 97337 Guyane Française, France; (F.D.); (L.E.)
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Loïc Epelboin
- TBIP (Tropical Biome and Immuno Physiopathology), U1019-UMR9017-CIIL Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, Université de Guyane, Campus de Troubiran, 97337 Guyane Française, France; (F.D.); (L.E.)
- Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne Andrée Rosemon, 97300 Cayenne, France;
| | - Nicolas Vignier
- Centre d’Investigation Clinique Antilles Guyane, CIC Inserm 1424, DRISP, Centre Hospitalier de Cayenne, Av des Flamboyants, 97300 Cayenne, France; (S.G.); (K.B.); (M.N.); (A.A.); (N.V.)
- Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Inserm UMR 1136, Department of social Epidemiology, IPLESP, Sorbonne Université, 27 rue de Chaligny, 75012 Paris, France
- UFR SMBH, Faculté de Médecine, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93000 Bobigny, France
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Mudrilov M, Ladeynova M, Grinberg M, Balalaeva I, Vodeneev V. Electrical Signaling of Plants under Abiotic Stressors: Transmission of Stimulus-Specific Information. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10715. [PMID: 34639056 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants have developed complex systems of perception and signaling to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Electrical signaling is one of the most promising candidates for the regulatory mechanisms of the systemic functional response under the local action of various stimuli. Long-distance electrical signals of plants, such as action potential (AP), variation potential (VP), and systemic potential (SP), show specificities to types of inducing stimuli. The systemic response induced by a long-distance electrical signal, representing a change in the activity of a complex of molecular-physiological processes, includes a nonspecific component and a stimulus-specific component. This review discusses possible mechanisms for transmitting information about the nature of the stimulus and the formation of a specific systemic response with the participation of electrical signals induced by various abiotic factors.
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Olayemi OM, Olayemi KJ. Knowledge sharing practices among African health sciences librarians. J Med Libr Assoc 2021; 109:624-630. [PMID: 34858093 PMCID: PMC8608209 DOI: 10.5195/jmla.2021.1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate knowledge sharing practices among health sciences librarians in African countries. Methods A cross-sectional survey design was employed. The study population consisted of African health sciences librarians that attended the 16th Biennial Conference of the Association for Health Information and Libraries in Africa on October 14-18, 2019, at the University of Ibadan in Nigeria. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results The types of knowledge most commonly shared by respondents were information on conferences, workshops, and seminars as well as information on new trends and technologies in librarianship. The main avenue of knowledge sharing was face-to-face interaction. Unwillingness to share knowledge and a lack of awareness about current trends and issues were the top identified challenges to knowledge sharing. Conclusion These survey results establish the existence of a low level of knowledge sharing among health science librarians in Africa and suggest that concerted efforts should be made to overcome barriers to knowledge sharing within and across African countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olalekan Moses Olayemi
- , Senior Librarian, Library and Information Technology Department, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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248
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Andersson ME, Rubertsson C, Hansson SR. The experience of provided information and care during pregnancy and postpartum when diagnosed with preeclampsia: A qualitative study. Eur J Midwifery 2021; 5:37. [PMID: 34568778 PMCID: PMC8424697 DOI: 10.18332/ejm/139488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite preeclampsia being one of the most severe obstetrical complications there is only scant research describing women's experiences of preeclampsia. The aim of this study was to explore women's experience during pregnancy and the postpartum period regarding the provided information and care concerning preeclampsia. METHODS A qualitative study was designed. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were performed with fifteen women who were diagnosed with preeclampsia and included at two maternity units located in southern Sweden. The material was analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Suffering from preeclampsia was understood as being stressful, illustrated in four themes: fragmented information, lack of care planning, separation postpartum, and overall stress and worry. CONCLUSIONS The women experienced fragmented obstetrical care and information deficits when diagnosed with preeclampsia. Our findings indicate a need for additional support and professional guidance due to increased stress, worry, and despair of being separated from the newborn. Future research investigating specific care-planning and postpartum follow-up are suggested as steps to improve care for women with a pregnancy complicated by preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E Andersson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Section V, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Lund, Sweden
| | - Christine Rubertsson
- Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Lund, Sweden.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Section V, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Skåne University Hospital (SUS), Lund, Sweden
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Pakniyat N, Namazi H. Decoding the coupling between the brain and skin reactions in auditory stimulation by information-based analysis of EEG and GSR signals. Technol Health Care 2021; 30:623-632. [PMID: 34542048 DOI: 10.3233/thc-213052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of brain activity in different conditions is an important research area in neuroscience. OBJECTIVE This paper analyzed the correlation between the brain and skin activities in rest and stimulations by information-based analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) and galvanic skin resistance (GSR) signals. METHODS We recorded EEG and GSR signals of eleven subjects during rest and auditory stimulations using three pieces of music that were differentiated based on their complexity. Then, we calculated the Shannon entropy of these signals to quantify their information contents. RESULTS The results showed that music with greater complexity has a more significant effect on altering the information contents of EEG and GSR signals. We also found a strong correlation (r= 0.9682) among the variations of the information contents of EEG and GSR signals. Therefore, the activities of the skin and brain are correlated in different conditions. CONCLUSION This analysis technique can be utilized to evaluate the correlation among the activities of various organs versus brain activity in different conditions.
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Cohen G, Qadan M. The Information Conveyed in a SPAC's Offering. Entropy (Basel) 2021; 23:1215. [PMID: 34573840 DOI: 10.3390/e23091215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The popularity of SPACs (Special Purpose Acquisition Companies) has grown dramatically in recent years as a substitute for the traditional IPO (Initial Public Offer). We modeled the average annual return for SPAC investors and found that this financial tool produced an annual return of 17.3%. We then constructed an information model that examined a SPAC′s excess returns during the 60 days after a potential merger or acquisition had been announced. We found that the announcement had a major impact on the SPAC’s share price over the 60 days, delivering on average 0.69% daily excess returns over the IPO portfolio and 31.6% cumulative excess returns for the entire period. Relative to IPOs, the cumulative excess returns of SPACs rose dramatically in the next few days after the potential merger or acquisition announcement until the 26th day. They then declined but rose again until the 48th day after the announcement. Finally, the SPAC’s structure reduced the investors’ risk. Thus, if investors buy a SPAC stock immediately after a potential merger or acquisition has been announced and hold it for 48 days, they can reap substantial short-term returns.
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