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Hancock S, Carmack A, Kocher M, Rezende Silva E, Sulkowski T, Nanney E, Graves C, Mitchell K, Jacox LA. Influence of BMI percentile on craniofacial morphology and development in adolescents,Part II: elevated BMI is associated with larger final facial dimensions. Eur J Orthod 2024; 46:cjad043. [PMID: 37932128 PMCID: PMC10783153 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of adolescent obesity has markedly increased from 5.2% in 1974 to 19.7% in 2021. Understanding the impacts of obesity is important to orthodontists, as growth acceleration and greater pre-pubertal facial dimensions are seen in children with elevated body mass index (BMI). METHODS To identify whether adolescent obesity shifts the timing and rate of craniofacial growth resulting in larger post-treatment dimensions, we evaluated cephalometric outcomes in overweight/obese (BMI > 85%, n = 168) and normal weight (n = 158) adolescents (N = 326 total). Cephalometric measurements were obtained from pre- and post-treatment records to measure growth rates and final dimensions and were statistically evaluated with repeated measures analysis of variance and linear regression models. RESULTS Overweight and obese adolescents began and finished treatment with significantly larger, bimaxillary prognathic craniofacial dimensions, with elevated mandibular length [articulare-gnathion (Ar-Gn)], maxillary length [condylion-anterior nasal spine (Co-ANS), posterior nasal spine-ANS (PNS-ANS)], and anterior lower face height (ANS-Me), suggesting overweight children grow more overall. However, there was no difference between weight cohorts in the amount of cephalometric change during treatment, and regression analyses demonstrated no correlation between change in growth during treatment and BMI. BMI percentile was a significant linear predictor (P < 0.05) for cephalometric post-treatment outcomes, including Ar-Gn, Co-ANS, ANS-Me, upper face height percentage (UFH:total FH, inverse relationship), lower face height percentage (LFH:total FH), sella-nasion-A-point (SNA), and SN-B-point (SNB). LIMITATIONS The study is retrospective. CONCLUSIONS Growth begins earlier in overweight and obese adolescents and continues at a rate similar to normal-weight children during orthodontic treatment, resulting in larger final skeletal dimensions. Orthodontics could begin earlier in overweight patients to time care with growth, and clinicians can anticipate that overweight/obese patients will finish treatment with proportionally larger, bimaxillary-prognathic craniofacial dimensions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Hancock
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Orthodontics Group, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 270 Brauer Hall, CB#270, Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, United States
| | - Andrea Carmack
- Department of Biostatistics, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 135 Dauer Drive, 3101 McGavran, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
| | - Mallory Kocher
- DDS Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 270 Brauer Hall, CB#270, Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, United States
| | - Erika Rezende Silva
- Oral and Craniofacial Biomedicine Program, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 365 S Columbia St, Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, United States
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7455, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, United States
| | - Taylor Sulkowski
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Orthodontics Group, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 270 Brauer Hall, CB#270, Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, United States
| | - Eleanor Nanney
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Orthodontics Group, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 270 Brauer Hall, CB#270, Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, United States
| | - Christina Graves
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7455, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, United States
| | - Kelly Mitchell
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Orthodontics Group, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 270 Brauer Hall, CB#270, Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, United States
| | - Laura Anne Jacox
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Orthodontics Group, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, 270 Brauer Hall, CB#270, Chapel Hill, NC 25799-7450, United States
- Division of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, CB #7455, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7450, United States
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McDarby F, Looney K. The effectiveness of group-based, parent-only weight management interventions for children and the factors associated with outcomes: a systematic review. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:3-21. [PMID: 37821651 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-023-01390-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in Childhood is a significant public health issue, which requires both a preventative and treatment approach. International guidelines continue to recommend family-focused, multicomponent, childhood weight management programmes and many studies have investigated their effectiveness, however, findings have been mixed and primarily based on weight. Thus, the aim of this review was to assess the effectiveness of group-based parent-only interventions on a broad range of child health-related outcomes and to investigate the factors associated with intervention outcomes. METHODS An electronic database search was conducted using CINAHL, Medline, PsychINFO, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews: 522 articles were identified for full text review and 15 studies were selected. The quality of studies were appraised and data were synthesised according to the review aims. RESULTS Parent-only group interventions are effective in changing children's weight status, as well as other outcomes such as health behaviours and self-esteem, although these were reported inconsistently. Parent-only interventions were generally found to be similar to parent-child interventions, and minimal contact interventions but better than a waiting list control. Factors found to be associated with treatment outcomes, included session attendance, the child's age and weight at baseline, socioeconomic status of families and modification to the home food environment. The methodological quality of the studies included in the review was low, with only six studies rated to be methodologically adequate. CONCLUSIONS Parent-only interventions may be an effective treatment for improving the health status of children and their families, particularly when compared with waitlist controls. However, results need to be interpreted with caution due to the low quality of the studies and the high rates of non-completion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fionna McDarby
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kathy Looney
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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Kozioł-Kozakowska A, Januś D, Stępniewska A, Szczudlik E, Stochel-Gaudyn A, Wójcik M. Beyond the Metabolic Syndrome: Non-Obvious Complications of Obesity in Children. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:1905. [PMID: 38136107 PMCID: PMC10742254 DOI: 10.3390/children10121905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is currently one of the most significant public health challenges worldwide due to the continuous increase in obesity rates among children, especially younger children. Complications related to obesity, including serious ones, are increasingly being diagnosed in younger children. A search was performed from January 2023 to September 2023 using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases. The focus was on English-language meta-analyses, systematic reviews, randomized clinical trials, and observational studies worldwide. Four main topics were defined as follows: disorders of glucose metabolism; liver disease associated with childhood obesity; the relationship between respiratory disorders and obesity in children; and the effects of obesity on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and puberty. Understanding potential complications and their underlying mechanisms can expedite the diagnostic process and enhance the effectiveness of treatment. We aspire that this study will bring insight into the often-overlooked complications associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Kozioł-Kozakowska
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (A.S.-G.)
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
| | - Dominika Januś
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Stępniewska
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Ewa Szczudlik
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
| | - Anna Stochel-Gaudyn
- Department of Pediatrics, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Institute of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Cracow, Poland; (A.K.-K.); (A.S.-G.)
| | - Małgorzata Wójcik
- Interclinical Center for the Treatment of Childhood Obesity, University Children’s Hospital of Krakow, 30-663 Kraków, Poland; (A.S.); (E.S.)
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Kraków, Poland;
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Jelalian E, Darling K, Foster GD, Runyan T, Cardel MI. Effectiveness of a Scalable mHealth Intervention for Children With Overweight and Obesity. Child Obes 2023; 19:552-559. [PMID: 36576892 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2022.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multicomponent interventions are the first line of treatment for pediatric obesity, but are challenging to access. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions hold promise as they address commonly cited barriers for attending in person programs and have potential for wide scale dissemination. Methods: This retrospective cohort study examined data from youth who enrolled in the Kurbo program, which includes personal health coaching and a mobile app. Hierarchical linear regression was used to examine the impact of baseline percentage of the 95th% percentile for body mass index (%BMIp95), number of coaching sessions, and length of time enrolled in the program on change in %BMIp95, controlling for baseline age and sex. Results: A total of 3500 youth (mean age of 12.79 years, 71.3% female) were included. Youth experienced a 0.70 U decrease in BMI [standard deviation (SD) = 2.19] and a 4.45% decrease (SD = 8.5) in %BMIp95 over a mean of 31.5 weeks. The overall regression model was significant, R2 = 0.066, F(3,3494) = 77.18, and p < 0.001. Predictors of decrease in weight status included being female (b = -1.11, p < 0.001), higher baseline %BMIp95, (b = -0.58, p < 0.001), and greater number of coaching sessions (b = -0.12, p < 0.001), while greater time enrolled in the program (b = 0.02, p < 0.001) was associated with less change. Conclusion: Findings suggest a scalable coaching program with integrated digital tools for monitoring diet and activity can lead to significant reductions in weight status. Findings need to be replicated with more rigorous study designs, including a comparison condition and verified assessment of height and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Jelalian
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Katherine Darling
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, The Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gary D Foster
- Center for Weight and Eating Disorders, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- WW International, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michelle I Cardel
- WW International, Inc., New York, NY, USA
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Homayounnia Firouzjah M, Pourazar M, Kakvandi SN. Mental and physical conditions associated with physical inactivity among Farhangian University students during virtual classes: A cross-sectional study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1094683. [PMID: 36993882 PMCID: PMC10040784 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1094683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundThe level of mobility and general health has decreased among students in virtual classes during COVID-19 pandemic. The present cross-sectional study aims to investigate the mental and physical conditions related to inactivity among the students of Farhangian University during the virtual classes.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study. 475 students (214 females and 261 males) were selected as the statistical sample of the study based on Morgan’s Table from Farhangian University, Iran. The statistical population includes students studying at Farhangian University of Mazandaran province that using Convenience Sampling the sample size based on Morgan’s Table, 475 students consisting of 214 females and 261 males were randomly selected as the statistical sample of the study. The research instruments of this study include International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Saehan Caliper (SH5020), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale, Beck Depression Questionnaire, and Nordic Skeletal and Muscular Disorders Questionnaire. For data analysis, independent sample t-test was employed to compare two groups. All analyses were conducted using spss24 software.ResultsWith respect to students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings proved that both genders suffered physical conditions during virtual classes. The research findings showed that the average weekly activity level among women is 634 Met/min with a standard deviation of ±281, and the average weekly activity level among men is 472 Met/min with a standard deviation of ±231. Fat percentage by gender, men’s average fat percentage is 47.21% (S. D ± 4.74) and women’s average fat percentage is 31.55% (S. D ± 4.37). Also, the self-esteem scores of male and female students were obtained 29.72 and 29.43, respectively, and the difference between the two was considered significant (p < 0.05). On the other hand, 67% (No. 25) of female students and 32% (No. 12) of male students suffered from high depression. Also, based on students’ skeletal-muscular disorders, findings of our study showed that both genders suffered physical conditions during virtual classes.ConclusionThis study suggests increasing the level of physical activity to reduce body fat mass, increase mental health and reduce skeletal disorders, which can be properly accomplished through university planning and prioritizing the health of male and female students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah
- Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Morteza Homayounnia Firouzjah,
| | - Morteza Pourazar
- Department of Physical Education, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
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La Marra M, Messina A, Ilardi CR, Staiano M, Di Maio G, Messina G, Polito R, Valenzano A, Cibelli G, Monda V, Chieffi S, Iavarone A, Villano I. Factorial Model of Obese Adolescents: The Role of Body Image Concerns and Selective Depersonalization-A Pilot Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11501. [PMID: 36141782 PMCID: PMC9517425 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship binding body weight to psychological well-being is unclear. The present study aims at identifying the contribution, and specificity, of some dimensions (i.e., eating-related symptoms, body image disorders, eating habits, personality traits, and emotional difficulties) characterizing the psychological profile of obese adolescents (749 participants, 325 females; 58.3% normal-weight, 29.9% overweight, and 11.7% obese; mean age = 16.05, SD = 0.82). METHODS By introducing the scores obtained by standardized self-report tools into a generalized linear model, a factorial reduction design was used to detect the best fitting discriminant functions and the principal components explaining the higher proportion of the variance. RESULTS We found two discriminant functions correctly classifying 87.1% of normal-weight, 57.2% of overweight, and 68.2% of obese adolescents. Furthermore, two independent factors, explaining 69.68% of the total variance, emerged. CONCLUSIONS The first factor, "Body Image Concerns", included the drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, and interpersonal distrust. The second factor, "Selective Depersonalization", included a trend toward depersonalization and dissatisfaction with the torso. The neurophysiological implications of our findings will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco La Marra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonietta Messina
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Rosario Ilardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Department of Psychology, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Maria Staiano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Girolamo Di Maio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Messina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Rita Polito
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Anna Valenzano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cibelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Monda
- Department of Movement Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Sergio Chieffi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Iavarone
- Neurological Unit, CTO Hospital, AORN “Ospedali dei Colli”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ines Villano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Ohgino A, Nakamura Y, Yukie K. Survey on the Amount of Physical Activity and Self-Esteem of School Age Students in A Town in Japan. Health (London) 2022. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2022.141004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Petrovics P, Nagy A, Sandor B, Palfi A, Szekeres Z, Toth K, Szabados E. Examination of Self-Esteem, Body Image, Eating Attitudes and Cardiorespiratory Performance in Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182413172. [PMID: 34948781 PMCID: PMC8701836 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Self-esteem, body image and eating attitudes are important characteristics regarding adolescent mental health. In our present work, we aimed to investigate these psychological items in adolescent boys and girls examining gender differences and correlations with the BMI-for-age and cardiorespiratory performance. 374 students (209 girls with an average age of 16.4 ± 1.08 years, and 165 boys with an average age of 16.5 ± 1.03 years) underwent investigation using the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, EAT-26 and BAT questionnaires. The BMI-for-age was calculated with BMI growth charts and the cardiorespiratory performance was measured with the 20 m shuttle run test. Our results showed that adolescent girls scored lower self-esteem and higher values for BAT and each scale of eating behaviors, such as uncontrolled eating, cognitive restraints and emotional eating compared to boys despite the fact, that obesity and overweight were more common among boys. No significant correlation was found between BMI and psychological test results in either boys or girls, however, subjective body shape and gender predicted self-esteem and BAT scores and the cognitive restraints in the eating attitudes. Uncontrolled and emotional eating were primarily influenced by gender, in which BMI played only a weaker role. Cardiorespiratory performance was positively associated with self-esteem and body image among boys, and it had a negative correlation regarding BMI in both genders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Petrovics
- Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Alexandra Nagy
- State Hospital for Cardiology, H-8230 Balatonfüred, Hungary;
| | - Barbara Sandor
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Anita Palfi
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Zsolt Szekeres
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
| | - Kalman Toth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Eszter Szabados
- Division of Preventive Cardiology and Rehabilitation, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, H-7623 Pecs, Hungary; (B.S.); (A.P.); (Z.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Does Motivational Interviewing Improve the Weight Management Process in Adolescents? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Int J Behav Med 2021; 29:78-103. [PMID: 34268708 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-021-09994-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Due to the complex nature and high heterogeneity of motivational interviewing (MI) trials, available data on the effectiveness of these interventions on weight management in the early years of life is not yet conclusive. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of MI-based interventions on modifying obesity-related behaviors and consequently controlling weight in adolescents, and (2) determine characteristics of participants and interventions through sub-group analysis. METHODS Electronic databases, i.e., Medline, Elsevier, ISI, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Clinical Trials), PsycINFO, and subject-related key journals were searched for randomized controlled trials that investigated the effect of MI-based interventions on weight management in overweight/obese adolescents. Primary outcomes were BMI, BMI Z-score, waist circumference, and fat percentage. Secondary outcomes were related behaviors (dietary intake and physical activity) and cognitive abilities (self-efficacy, self-regulation, self-control). Of the 3673 studies initially screened for eligibility, nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and eighteen studies were entered in the meta-analysis. Meta-regression and sub-group analyses were conducted to control the high heterogeneity of studies. Sensitivity analysis has been conducted based on the Cochrane guidelines using the leave-one-out methods. RESULTS MI-based interventions did not affect on all primary outcomes, including BMI, BMI Z-score, waist circumference, and fat percentage; however, in terms of secondary outcomes, only sugary beverage intake was reduced in adolescents (SMD = - 0.47, K = 3, I2 = 26.2%). Physical activity and cognitive variables were not considered in the current analysis due to limited data and high heterogeneity in measurements and reports. In addition, findings of sensitivity results showed that MI could significantly reduce waist circumference among adolescents (SMD = - 0.51, 95% CI - 0.91 to - 0.11). In terms of subgroup analysis, our results showed that various characteristics of participants (age, sex, weight status) and interventions (parental involvement, study duration, fidelity assessment, type of the control groups) could affect related primary and secondary outcomes among adolescents. CONCLUSION MI-based behavioral interventions had minor effects on reducing sugary beverage intake in all adolescents while a reduction in central obesity was noted predominantly among girls and those with complete participation. The current results indicate that the main characteristics influencing goal achievement in MI interventions are the age of participants, MI fidelity assessment, parental involvement, duration of interventions, and type of the control groups.
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Danze A, Jacox LA, Bocklage C, Whitley J, Moss K, Hardigan P, Garcia-Godoy CE, Jackson TH. Influence of BMI percentile on craniofacial morphology and development in children and adolescents. Eur J Orthod 2021; 43:184-192. [PMID: 32968775 DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity is increasing worldwide. Reports suggest that elevated body mass index (BMI) is associated with larger craniofacial dimensions and advanced dental and skeletal development. Such an association is important for timing orthodontic treatment relative to pubertal growth and dental eruption. MATERIALS AND METHODS To evaluate associations between BMI, craniofacial morphology, dental age, and cervical vertebrae maturation staging (CVMS), 400 participants were consecutively selected (8-15 years, n = 200 overweight and obese BMI >85%, 200 normal weight) from the University of North Carolina database. Records were analysed for cephalometric measures, Demirjian index values, and CVMS. Bivariate statistics and linear regression analysis evaluated whether CVMS, dental age, and cephalometric dimensions varied with BMI. RESULTS Overweight/obese children and adolescents had a proportionally larger bimaxillary prognathic skeletal pattern compared to those of normal weight. These cephalometric measurements [articulare-gnathion (Ar-Gn), condylion-anterior nasal spine (Co-ANS), sella-gonion (S-Go), nasion-menton (N-Me), anterior nasal spine-menton (ANS-Me), sella-nasion-A point (SNA), sella-nasion-B point (SNB), and sella-nasion-pogonion (SNPg)] were significantly different [statistically (P < 0.05) and clinically (>2 mm or >2 degrees)] between the two study groups, with a linear relationship between BMI percentile and craniofacial dimension. The overweight/obese BMI group had a mean dental age 1.4 years advanced relative to the normal weight group (P < 0.05), with an advancement of nearly one CVM stage between the ages of 12 and 14 (P < 0.05). LIMITATIONS The study is retrospective. CONCLUSIONS Obese/overweight children and adolescents have proportionally larger antero-posterior and vertical dimensions and are more likely to experience advanced dental and skeletal maturation. Obese/overweight subjects may enter their growth spurt at a younger age and have earlier eruption of teeth, affecting treatment timing. BMI percentile should be a consideration for orthodontic treatment in growing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Danze
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL.,Private Practice, Pickerington, OH
| | | | - Clare Bocklage
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - John Whitley
- Division of Craniofacial and Surgical Care, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kevin Moss
- Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, Adams School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Patrick Hardigan
- Health Professions Division, Dr. Kiran Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Cristina E Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL
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Dragano NRV, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Milbank E. Reprint of: Recent Updates on Obesity Treatments: Available Drugs and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2020; 447:191-215. [PMID: 33046217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now regarded as a major health issue in contemporary society trending to serious economic and social burdens. The latest projections of the World Health Organization are alarming. By 2030, nearly 60% of the worldwide population could be either obese or overweight, highlighting the needs to find innovative treatments. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective way to efficiently lower body mass. Although great improvements in terms of recovery and patient care were made in these surgical procedures, bariatric surgery remains an option for extreme forms of obesity and seems unable to tackle obesity pandemic expansion. Throughout the last century, numerous pharmacological strategies targeting either peripheral or central components of the energy balance regulatory system were designed to reduce body mass, some of them reaching sufficient levels of efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, obesity drug therapy remains quite limited on its effectiveness to actually overcome the obesogenic environment. Thus, innovative unimolecular polypharmacology strategies, able to simultaneously target multiple actors involved in the obesity initiation and expansion, were developed during the last ten years opening a new promising avenue in the pharmacological management of obesity. In this review, we first describe the clinical features of obesity-associated conditions and then focus on the outcomes of currently approved drug therapies for obesity as well as new ones expecting to reach the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
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12
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Frayon S, Wattelez G, Paufique E, Nedjar-Guerre A, Serra-Mallol C, Galy O. Overweight in the pluri-ethnic adolescent population of New Caledonia: Dietary patterns, sleep duration and screen time. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2020; 2:100025. [PMID: 34327376 PMCID: PMC8315340 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2020.100025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A high prevalence of overweight and obesity has been found in adolescents of New Caledonia and other Pacific Island Countries and Territories. Although Westernization may contribute to the weight gain in populations of Oceanian, Non-European, Non-Asian ancestry (ONENA), little is known about the sociodemographic and lifestyle factors associated with overweight in the Melanesian and Polynesian adolescents of New Caledonia. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a pluri-ethnic sample of New Caledonian adolescents (N = 954; age M = 13.2 years) completed a survey to estimate sleep duration, screen time, and dietary pattern using a food frequency questionnaire. Demographic data (gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status: SES, area of residence) were collected, and anthropometric measures were used to compute weight status. FINDINGS We found a higher risk for being overweight in Melanesian (OR = 1.67) and Polynesian (OR = 5.40) adolescents compared with European adolescents, even after controlling for age, SES, area of residence, dietary pattern, sleep duration and screen time. We also found that low SES (OR = 3.43) and sleep duration (OR = 0.65 per hour) were independently associated with overweight status in the European but not in ONENA adolescents. INTERPRETATION In this study, the main contribution to being overweight was ethnic background, i.e. being Melanesian or Polynesian. The hypothesis of a genetic influence thus seems attractive and merits further analyses. FUNDING This project was funded by the University of New Caledonia and the Fondation Nestlé France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Frayon
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Guillaume Wattelez
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Emilie Paufique
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Akila Nedjar-Guerre
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
| | - Christophe Serra-Mallol
- Centre on Work Organizations and Policies (CERTOP), UMR 5044 CNRS, University of Toulouse Jean Jaurès, 5 allées Antonio Machado, 31058 Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Olivier Galy
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory for Research in Education, EA 7483, School of Education, University of New Caledonia, BP R4, Avenue James Cook, Noumea Cedex 98851, New Caledonia
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13
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Moeng-Mahlangu LT, Monyeki MA, Reilly JJ, Mchiza ZJ, Moleah T, Loechl CU, Kruger HS. Level of agreement between objectively determined body composition and perceived body image in 6- to 8-year-old South African children: The Body Composition-Isotope Technique study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0237399. [PMID: 32777810 PMCID: PMC7417193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0237399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the level of agreement between body size self-perception and actual body size determined by body mass index (BMI) z-score and body fatness measured by the deuterium dilution method (DDM) in South African children aged 6–8 years. A cross-sectional sample of 202 children (83 boys and 119 girls) aged 6–8 years from the Body Composition–Isotope Technique study (BC–IT) was taken. Subjective measures of body image (silhouettes) were compared with the objective measures of BMI z-score and body fatness measured by the DDM. The World Health Organization BMI z-scores were used to classify the children as underweight, normal, overweight, or obese. DDM-measured fatness was classified based on the McCarthy centile curves set at 2nd, 85th and 95th in conjunction with fatness cut-off points of 25% in boys and 30% in girls. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26. Of 202 children, 32.2%, 55.1%, 8.8%, and 2.4% perceived their body size as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, respectively. Based on BMI z-score, 18.8%, 72.8%, 6.9%, and 1.5% were classified as underweight, normal, overweight, and obese, respectively. Body fatness measurement showed that 2.5%, 48.0%, 21.8%, and 29.7% were underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese, respectively. The application of silhouettes and BMI z-scores resulted in either overestimation or underestimation of own body size. Overall, the levels of agreements (kappa, κ) between body size perception, body fatness, and BMI for age respectively, were small (κ = 0.083, p = 0.053 and κ = 0.154, p<0.001). Level of agreement between body size perception, body fatness, and BMI z-score was poor. The use of silhouettes made children either overestimate their own body size while being underweight or underestimate their own body size while being overweight or obese. Given the potential health implications associated with misclassification of body size during childhood, correct self-assessment of body size is important, and may be key to the adoption of weight control strategies directed at curbing the escalating obesity epidemic in the country. Scalable measures to allow for more accurate self-assessment are urgently needed–one approach is behavior change communication at all levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynn T Moeng-Mahlangu
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Makama A Monyeki
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - John J Reilly
- Physical Activity for Health Group, School of Psychological Sciences and Health, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Zandile J Mchiza
- School of Public Health (SoPH), University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thabisile Moleah
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Division of Human Health, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cornelia U Loechl
- International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Division of Human Health, Vienna International Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herculina S Kruger
- Centre of Excellence for Nutrition, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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14
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de Oliveira Souza G, da Silva SR, Benitez P, de Vasconcellos EL, Fornaciari DM, Domeniconi C, de Hollanda Souza D. Effects of Gender and Body Weight on Children's Peer Choice During Physical Activities. Behav Anal Pract 2020; 13:329-335. [PMID: 32642392 PMCID: PMC7314884 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-019-00350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated possible effects of gender and body weight on children's peer choices during physical activities. Twenty-four school-aged children (12 overweight and 12 non-overweight) were observed during 2 play sessions: the 1st session consisted of 2 tests that required agility (A) and 1 that required strength (S) in an A-S-A design; the 2nd session consisted of 2 strength tests and 1 agility in an S-A-S design. Before each session, 2 participants were asked to choose members for their teams. Results suggest that peer gender is a stronger predictor of children's playmate choices than their body weight. More specifically, children preferred to choose a peer of the same gender who was overweight rather than a peer of the opposite gender who was not overweight. However, when there was a choice between an overweight peer and a non-overweight peer of the same gender, the non-overweight child was favored.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Camila Domeniconi
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognição e Ensino, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13.565-905 Brazil
| | - Débora de Hollanda Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia sobre Comportamento, Cognição e Ensino, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, São Carlos, SP 13.565-905 Brazil
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15
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Allel K, Narea M, Undurraga EA. Centre-based care is a significant predictor of lower body mass index in early childhood: Longitudinal evidence from Chile. J Glob Health 2020; 10:010419. [PMID: 32373335 PMCID: PMC7182360 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.10.010419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of childhood overweight has increased by approximately 50% in the past three decades, becoming a major public health concern worldwide. In Chile, an upper middle-income country, about 38% of children between two and four years of age are overweight, almost double the average in Latin America and the Caribbean. Various environmental and individual factors, and their interactions, affect childhood weight. Emerging evidence suggests childcare may also matter. Because the public provision of centre-based care is growing, childcare may be a useful policy tool to help prevent childhood overweight. METHODS Using a nationally representative longitudinal survey of ~ 15 000 children in Chile (2010 and 2012), we estimated whether the type of child care (centre-based or maternal) a child attended at age 24 to 36 months was a significant predictor of the child's sex-and-age-specific body-mass-index (BMI) at age 36-48 months. We restricted our sample to children in full-time maternal care at baseline (12-24 months of age; n = 1273), but tested the robustness of results with the full sample. We compared children in centre-based care and in maternal care using difference-in-difference estimators and propensity score matching, and adjusted our estimates using child, family, and neighborhood characteristics. RESULTS Children attending centre-based care had 0.27 SD lower BMI than children in maternal care at follow-up (P < 0.05). We found suggestive evidence this association may be modulated by the child's socioeconomic status and by how frequently the child watched television: we found smaller BMI changes for children at the bottom 80% of socioeconomic status (P < 0.05) and also for children who frequently watched television (P < 0.10). Our results were robust to various model specifications. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest centre-based care programs, with adequate regulation and enforcement, may be a useful support to help curb the early childhood overweight epidemic, in addition to known effects in labor supply and child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasim Allel
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, UK
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of the Life Course and Vulnerability (MLIV), Chile
- Society and Health Research Centre, Facultad de Humanidades, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marigen Narea
- Centre for Advanced Studies on Educational Justice (CJE), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- School of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduardo A Undurraga
- Millennium Nucleus for the Study of the Life Course and Vulnerability (MLIV), Chile
- Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
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16
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Influence of Body Dissatisfaction on the Self-Esteem of Brazilian Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17103536. [PMID: 32443611 PMCID: PMC7277234 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17103536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The present study investigated the influence of body dissatisfaction (BD) on the self-esteem of Brazilian adolescents. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with 1011 students at public and private schools in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. The body shape questionnaire and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale were applied. Chi-square test, Student’s t-test, Pearson’s correlation, the odds ratio and binary logistic regression were used. Results: The rate of low self-esteem was 33.8% in the adolescents; 27.8% of the adolescents presented some degree of BD, with severe BD in 5.8%. A significant low negative correlation was found between self-esteem and BD in all the adolescents. In the Odds Ratio analysis, it was observed that the odds of having low self-esteem increased in adolescents with BD as compared to adolescents without BD, being 3.85 times higher in females (CI 95%, 2.12–6.99), 2.83 times higher in males (CI 95%, 1.22–6.58), 5.79 times higher in adolescents attending public schools (CI 95% 2.06–16.26), and 2.96 times higher in adolescents attending private schools (CI 95%, 1.79–4.88). Conclusions: Low self-esteem affected one-third of the adolescents, both male and female. BD and education in public schools are predictor variables of low self-esteem in adolescents.
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17
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Khadri FA, Gopinath VK, Hector MP, Davenport ES. Impact of Demographic Factors, Obesity, and Oral Health Status on Self-esteem among School-going Children in United Arab Emirates: A Cross-sectional Study. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent 2020; 10:329-335. [PMID: 32802780 PMCID: PMC7402253 DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.jispcd_422_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The objective of this study was to determine if oral health, obesity, and demographic factors have an impact on self-esteem among school-going children in United Arab Emirates. Materials and Methods Ten schools (six private and four public) were selected using random digit table. Decayed, missing, and filled teeth index according to the World Health Organization criteria was used to assess dental caries. Obesity was measured by body mass index (BMI = weight [kg]/height [m2]). Data related to demographic details and toothbrushing were collected and entered into assessment forms. The mental well-being was assessed using Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale. Results Self-esteem score was 19.8 (standard deviation [SD], ±3.8) mean, and ranged from 19.1 to 20.5. The presence or absence of dental caries or their body shape (obesity/overweight/normal weight) had no impact on the self-esteem scores. Of the participants, 93% brushed daily, whereas the brushing frequency was significantly greater in female children (98%) (P < 0.001) and children with higher self-esteem scores (P = 0.066). The self-esteem scores of school children was positively associated with age as elder children had higher scores (P = 0.001). Children of Indian origin had lower self-esteem (P = 0.004). BMI was negatively associated (P = 0.006). Conclusion Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale scores were found to be lower in young children and Indian children. The child's obesity and dental caries status had no significant influence on their self-esteem. High self-esteem in older children can be linked with increased toothbrushing frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Abdalla Khadri
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, Sharjah Specialised Dental Centre, Ministry of Health & Prevention, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Vellore K Gopinath
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Mark P Hector
- School of Dentistry, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Elizabeth S Davenport
- Center of Oral Growth and Development (Paediatric Dentistry), Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, UK
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18
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Dragano NRV, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Milbank E. Recent Updates on Obesity Treatments: Available Drugs and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2020; 437:215-239. [PMID: 32360593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now regarded as a major health issue in contemporary society trending to serious economic and social burdens. The latest projections of the World Health Organization are alarming. By 2030, nearly 60% of the worldwide population could be either obese or overweight, highlighting the needs to find innovative treatments. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective way to efficiently lower body mass. Although great improvements in terms of recovery and patient care were made in these surgical procedures, bariatric surgery remains an option for extreme forms of obesity and seems unable to tackle obesity pandemic expansion. Throughout the last century, numerous pharmacological strategies targeting either peripheral or central components of the energy balance regulatory system were designed to reduce body mass, some of them reaching sufficient levels of efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, obesity drug therapy remains quite limited on its effectiveness to actually overcome the obesogenic environment. Thus, innovative unimolecular polypharmacology strategies, able to simultaneously target multiple actors involved in the obesity initiation and expansion, were developed during the last ten years opening a new promising avenue in the pharmacological management of obesity. In this review, we first describe the clinical features of obesity-associated conditions and then focus on the outcomes of currently approved drug therapies for obesity as well as new ones expecting to reach the clinic in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
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19
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Jelalian E, Evans EW, Rancourt D, Ranzenhofer L, Taylor N, Hart C, Seifer R, Klinepier K, Foster GD. JOIN for ME: Testing a Scalable Weight Control Intervention for Adolescents. Child Obes 2020; 16:192-203. [PMID: 31855057 PMCID: PMC7099421 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: The goal of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the relative effectiveness of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention delivered through the YMCA, JOIN for ME, with an enhanced version of this program that included on-site supervised group physical activity and opportunities for peer support, in decreasing adolescent weight status. Methods: Sixty-six adolescents with BMI >85th percentile and absolute BMI <50 were randomly assigned to the JOIN for ME or the JOIN for ME enhanced program. Teens in both conditions attended 16 weekly, in-person group sessions, followed by four biweekly and four monthly maintenance sessions. The enhanced condition also included weekly, group-based physical activity sessions and challenges. Group sessions were led by YMCA coaches. Results: Groups did not differ at baseline by age (14.7 + 1.6 years), sex (60.6% female), racial/ethnic minority status (37.7%), or weight (53.0% with severe obesity). Retention was 91% at 16 weeks and 82% at 10 months. Controlling for minority status and sex, there were no significant group differences over time for BMI (p = 0.15), BMI z-scores for age and sex (BMIz, p = 0.07), or percent overweight (p = 0.15). Across all participants, on average, BMI decreased by 1.4 kg/m2, BMIz decreased by 0.12, and percent overweight decreased by 8.8% at four months. Conclusions: There were no significant differences observed in primary outcomes for adolescents randomized to the standard and enhanced versions of the JOIN for ME program. Although the absence of a control condition precludes attribution to the intervention, teens in both conditions demonstrated greater decreases in weight status than what was observed in an open trial of the original program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elissa Jelalian
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - E. Whitney Evans
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | - Diana Rancourt
- Department of Psychology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Lisa Ranzenhofer
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | | | - Ronald Seifer
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI
| | | | - Gary D. Foster
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA
- Weight Watchers International, New York, NY
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20
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Tirlea L, Bonham M, Dordevic A, Bristow C, Day K, Brennan L, Haines T, Murray M. Measuring Self-Esteem Changes in Children and Adolescents Affected by Overweight or Obesity: A Scoping Review of Instruments Currently Used in Multicomponent Weight-Management Interventions. Child Obes 2019; 15:485-501. [PMID: 31364864 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2019.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Children and adolescents affected by overweight or obesity are at risk of greater declines in self-esteem than healthy-weight individuals. Participation in multicomponent weight-management programs can positively influence self-esteem in children and adolescents affected by overweight or obesity; however, the variety of questionnaires used to assess self-esteem makes it difficult to compare changes across and identify effective interventions. This review identified and critically examined questionnaires currently used for monitoring self-esteem in children and adolescents. Methods: An electronic search, from 2007 onward, identified multicomponent weight-management interventions that included a measure of self-esteem. A second search identified studies that reported validation assessment of the questionnaires identified in search one. Results: Seven validated self-esteem questionnaires were employed across the 36 studies identified in search one, including (in descending order of use) Harter's Self-Perception Profiles for children and adolescents, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Marsh's Self-Description Questionnaire-I, Beck Youth Inventory II, Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale, and Children and Youth Physical Self-Perception Profile. These tools measured global self-esteem (n = 1) as well as self-esteem as a series of subscales (multidimensional), such as physical appearance and social competence (n = 6). Conclusions: In the absence of changes in global self-esteem, multidimensional tools allow the examination of domains of self-esteem. The Harter's Self-Perception Profile for Children (SPPC) and adolescents questionnaire is an example of a tool that encompasses multidimensional aspects of self-esteem and global self-esteem and is appropriate for younger and older aged children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Tirlea
- Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Australia
| | - Maxine Bonham
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Aimee Dordevic
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Claire Bristow
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia.,Faculty of Education, Monash Education, Clayton, Australia
| | - Kaitlin Day
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia
| | - Leah Brennan
- School of Psychology, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Australia
| | - Terry Haines
- School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - Margaret Murray
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, Australia.,School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Australia
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21
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Ganapathy SS, Tan L, Sooryanarayana R, Hashim MH, Saminathan TA, Ahmad FH, Salleh R, Abdul Aziz NS. Body Weight, Body Weight Perception, and Bullying Among Adolescents in Malaysia. Asia Pac J Public Health 2019; 31:38S-47S. [PMID: 31617372 DOI: 10.1177/1010539519879339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Body weight is a factor, with body weight perception a mediator, toward being a victim of bullying. This study aimed to explore the association between body weight, body weight perception, and bullying among students 13 to 17 years of age in Malaysia. Data were collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A 2-stage stratified cluster sampling design was used, and 212 schools across Malaysia were selected for this survey. Body weight was measured and body weight perception was the student's reflection of their body weight. The prevalence of being bullied among adolescents in Malaysia was 16.2%. Being too thin or being obese increased the probability of being bullied. Students with a normal body mass index, but with a misperception of their body weight, also had increased odds of being bullied. Obesity prevention, together with instilling positive body weight perception, should be part of all programs directed toward tackling the problem of bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubash Shander Ganapathy
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - LeeAnn Tan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rajini Sooryanarayana
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hazrin Hashim
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Thamil Arasu Saminathan
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Fazila Haryati Ahmad
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ruhaya Salleh
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Shahida Abdul Aziz
- Institute for Public Health, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health Malaysia, Jalan Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Sokol RL, Ennett ST, Shanahan ME, Gottfredson NC, Poti JM, Halpern CT, Fisher EB. Maltreatment experience in childhood and average excess body mass from adolescence to young adulthood. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2019; 96:104070. [PMID: 31323420 PMCID: PMC7147074 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have suggested maltreatment is a strong predictor of later weight outcomes, such that maltreatment experiences in childhood increase the likelihood of being overweight or obese in adulthood. Estimates of this relationship may be biased due to: 1) inadequate selection of covariates; 2) improper operationalization of child maltreatment; and 3) restricting analyses to cross-sectional outcomes. OBJECTIVES Evaluate how latent classes of child maltreatment experiences are associated with a longitudinal BMI measure from adolescence to adulthood. PARTICIPANTS Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health. METHODS We evaluated how previously developed latent classes of child maltreatment experiences were associated with average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood using multivariate linear regression. RESULTS In the unadjusted model, individuals in the poly-maltreatment class (b = 0.46, s.e. = 0.20) and individuals who experienced adolescent-onset maltreatment (b = 0.36, s.e. = 0.11) had higher average excess BMI compared to individuals in the no maltreatment class. After adjusting for confounders, the relationship between poly-maltreatment and average excess BMI abated, whereas the relationship between adolescent-onset maltreatment and average excess BMI sustained (b = 0.28, s.e. = 0.11). CONCLUSIONS Contrary to previous findings, our analyses suggest the association between maltreatment experiences and longitudinal weight outcomes dissipates after controlling for relevant confounders. We did find a relationship, however, between adolescent-onset maltreatment and average excess BMI from adolescence to adulthood. This suggests the importance of maltreatment timing in the relationship between maltreatment and weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States.
| | - Susan T Ennett
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Jennifer M Poti
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Edwin B Fisher
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, United States
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Cheng H, Furnham A. Childhood locus of control and self-esteem, education, psychological distress and physical exercise as predictors of adult obesity. J Public Health (Oxf) 2019; 41:439-446. [PMID: 30239855 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdy125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate to what extent locus of control, self-esteem, psychological distress, physical exercise, as well as socio-demographic factors are associated with obesity in 42-year-old adults in a longitudinal birth cohort study. METHOD The sample consisted of 5645 participants born in Great Britain in 1970 and followed up at 10, 34 and 42 years with data on body mass index measured at 34 and 42 years. RESULTS There was an increase of adult obesity from 15.5% at age 34 to 21.2% at 42 years. Locus of control and self-esteem measured at age 10 years, psychological distress and educational qualifications assessed at age 34, and current occupational levels and physical exercise were all significantly associated with adult obesity at age 42. The associations remained significant after controlling for birth weight and gestation, maternal and paternal BMI, childhood BMI, and intelligence. CONCLUSION Childhood locus of control and self-esteem, educational qualifications, psychological distress and physical exercise were all significantly and independently associated with adult obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Cheng
- Department of Psychology, University College London, 26 Bedford Way, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,ESRC Centre for Learning and Life Chances in Knowledge Economies and Societies, Institute of Education, University College London, London WC1H 0AL, UK
| | - Adrian Furnham
- BI Norwegian Business School, Nydalsveien 37, 0484 Oslo, Norway
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Social stigma and self-esteem as mediators of the relationship between Body Mass Index and Internet addiction disorder. An exploratory study. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-0054-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sokol RL, Gottfredson NC, Shanahan ME, Halpern CT. Relationship between Child Maltreatment and Adolescent Body Mass Index Trajectories. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2018; 93:196-202. [PMID: 30745712 PMCID: PMC6368259 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between childhood maltreatment experiences and body mass index (BMI) over time. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we use latent profile analysis to create child maltreatment experience classes and latent growth modeling to understand how classes relate to BMI trajectories from adolescence to early adulthood. The best-fitting model suggests four child maltreatment experience classes: 1) poly-maltreatment (n=607); 2) physical abuse (n=1,578); 3) physical abuse and neglect (n=345); and 4) no childhood maltreatment (n=4,188). Class membership differentially predicts BMI trajectories, such that individuals in the no maltreatment, physical abuse, and physical abuse plus neglect classes exhibit the most stable BMI, and individuals in the poly-maltreatment class increase most rapidly (Χ2[9]=149.9, p < 0.001). Individuals in the poly-maltreatment class experience significantly higher BMI over time compared to the other three classes. In addition to overall growth differing between classes, there is substantial inter-individual variability in BMI trajectories within each class. Because BMI trajectories differ across different childhood maltreatment experiences-and substantial variability in BMI trajectories exists within these different experiences-future analyses should investigate mediators and moderators of this relationship to inform trauma-based therapies and interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeccah L Sokol
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Nisha C Gottfredson
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Meghan E Shanahan
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
| | - Carolyn T Halpern
- Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill
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Miccoli L, Martínez-Fiestas M, Delgado-Rodríguez R, Díaz-Ferrer S, Rodríguez-Ruiz S, Fernández-Santaella MC. Adolescent emotions toward sweet food cues as a function of obesity and risky dieting practices. Food Qual Prefer 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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French SA, Wall M, Corbeil T, Sherwood NE, Berge JM, Neumark-Sztainer D. Obesity in Adolescence Predicts Lower Educational Attainment and Income in Adulthood: The Project EAT Longitudinal Study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2018; 26:1467-1473. [PMID: 30226010 PMCID: PMC6146410 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective associations between obesity in adolescence and adult socioeconomic outcomes, and potential mediators, were examined in a contemporary cohort. METHODS Longitudinal data collected in 1998 to 1999 (Project EAT-I) and 2015 to 2016 (EAT-IV) were analyzed for 1,796 participants who provided data at both time points. Adolescents (mean age = 14.8 years) self-reported demographic and psychosocial variables (EAT-I) and follow-up outcomes (EAT-IV). Body weight and height were directly measured. Bachelor's degree or more education, income ≥ US $50,000, and partnered status at follow-up were examined by baseline obesity (>95th BMI percentile) using logistic regression. Self-esteem, depression, and weight-related teasing were examined as mediators using multivariate probit regressions. All analyses were adjusted for race, baseline age, and parent socioeconomic status. RESULTS Girls with obesity were significantly less likely to have achieved a bachelor's degree (OR 0.32, 95% CI [0.18, 0.58]; P < 0.001), earn ≥ $50,000 annually (OR 0.57, 95% CI [0.33, 0.99]; P < 0.04), or be partnered (OR 0.45, 95% CI [0.27, 0.75]; P < 0.002) in adulthood. No associations were observed among boys. Among girls, depression mediated 8.5% and 23.6% of the association between adolescent obesity and adult education and income, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent girls with obesity have lower educational attainment and income and are less likely to be partnered in later adulthood. Depression may partly mediate the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone A French
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Melanie Wall
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Corbeil
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nancy E Sherwood
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Sharma A, Sawant N, Shah N. A Study on Psychiatric Disorders, Body Image Disturbances, and Self-Esteem in Patients of Cushing's Disease. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2018; 22:445-450. [PMID: 30148086 PMCID: PMC6085974 DOI: 10.4103/ijem.ijem_94_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cushing's disease (CD) is a rare endocrine disorder associated with increased serum levels of cortisol secreted due to an underlying tumour in pituitary. Psychiatric disturbances like depression, psychosis, mania along with body image disturbances are seen in patients of CD. Hence, we undertook this research to find the prevalence and type of psychiatric disorders, body image disturbances, and self-esteem in patients of CD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-five patients diagnosed as CD as per the standard criteria by the endocrinologist were recruited after informed consent and ethics approval. Proforma with demographic details, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and Body Image Concern Inventory were used for assessment of the aims. RESULTS 65% patients had psychopathology with 21% patients having major depressive disorder, 62% patients had mild, and 28% had moderate depression on BDI. 50% patients had body image disturbances and 60% had low self-esteem. Depression was found to have a negative correlation with self-esteem and positive correlation with body image disturbances. CONCLUSION A high prevalence of psychopathology is seen in patients of CD which may often go undetected. Liaison with the endocrinologist would also work towards improving the issues of body image disturbances and self-esteem for better prognosis for the patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Neena Sawant
- Department of Psychiatry, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nalini Shah
- Department of Endocrinology, Seth GSMC and KEM Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Identification of biomarkers for childhood obesity based on expressional correlation and functional similarity. Mol Med Rep 2017; 17:109-116. [PMID: 29115457 PMCID: PMC5780071 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to identify potential biomarkers of childhood obesity, and investigate molecular mechanisms and candidate agents in order to improve therapeutic strategies for childhood obesity. The GSE9624 gene expression profile was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in omental adipose tissues were analyzed with limma package by comparing samples from obese and normal control children. Two-way hierarchical clustering was applied using the pheatmap package. The co-expression (CE) analysis was performed using online CoExpress software. Subsequent to functional classification via the GOSim package, the gene network enriched by DEGs was visualized using the Cytoscape package. The codon usage bias of the DEGs was then examined using the CAI program from the European Molecular Biology Open Software Suite. In total, 583 DEGs (273 upregulated genes and 310 downregulated genes) were observed in the omental adipose tissues between samples from obese and normal control children. Hierarchical clustering identified a significant difference between samples from obese and normal control children. Subsequent to CE analysis, 130 DEGs, which were classified into 4 clusters, were selected. The following 3 upregulated and 2 downregulated genes were identified to be significant: Upregulated genes, microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT), destrin (actin depolymerizing factor) (DSTN) and spectrin, β, non-erythrocytic 1 (SPTBN1); downregulated genes, Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2 (ARHGEF2) and spindle and kinetochore associated complex subunit 1 (SKA1). The top 3 amino acids were identified to be glycine, leucine and serine with a high bias. The DEGs MAPT, DSTN, SPTBN1, ARHGEF2 and SKA1 are suggested to be candidate biomarkers for childhood obesity.
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Christie D, Hudson LD, Kinra S, Wong ICK, Nazareth I, Cole TJ, Sovio U, Gregson J, Kessel AS, Mathiot A, Morris S, Panca M, Costa S, Holt R, Viner RM. A community-based motivational personalised lifestyle intervention to reduce BMI in obese adolescents: results from the Healthy Eating and Lifestyle Programme (HELP) randomised controlled trial. Arch Dis Child 2017; 102:695-701. [PMID: 28687677 PMCID: PMC5537518 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-311586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Approximately 7% of children and young people aged 5-15 years in the UK have obesity at a level likely to be associated with comorbidities. The majority of multicomponent lifestyle programmes have limited applicability and generalisability for British adolescents.The Healthy Eating and Lifestyle Programme (HELP) was a specific adolescent-focused intervention, designed for obese 12 to 18-year-olds seeking help to manage their weight. Participants were randomised to the 12-session HELP intervention or standard care. The primary outcome was difference in mean body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) between groups at week 26 adjusted for baseline BMI, age and sex. SUBJECTS 174 subjects were randomised (87 in each arm), of whom 145 (83%) provided primary outcome data at week 26. RESULTS At week 26 there were no significant effects of the intervention on BMI (mean change in BMI 0.18 kg/m2 for the intervention arm, 0.25 kg/m2 for the control arm; adjusted difference between groups: -0.11 kg/m2 (95% CI -0.62 to 0.40), p=0.7). At weeks 26 and 52 there were no significant differences between groups in any secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION At minimum this study reinforces the need for higher level, structured interventions to tackle the growing public health burden of obesity in the UK and internationally.The HELP intervention was no more effective than a single educational session for reducing BMI in a community sample of obese adolescents.Further work is needed to understand how weight management programmes can be delivered effectively to young people from diverse and deprived backgrounds in which childhood obesity is common. The study has significant implications in terms of informing public health interventions to tackle childhood obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN: ISRCTN99840111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Christie
- University College London Hospitals and UCL Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, London, UK
| | | | - Sanjay Kinra
- Department of Non-communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Irwin Nazareth
- Primary Care and Population Health, UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health, London, UK
| | - Tim J Cole
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - John Gregson
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Anne Mathiot
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK,UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health, London, UK
| | | | - Monica Panca
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health, London, UK
| | - Silvia Costa
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health, London, UK
| | - Rebecca Holt
- UCL Institute of Epidemiology & Health, London, UK
| | - Russell M Viner
- Population, Policy and Practice Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, London, UK
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Adom T, Puoane T, De Villiers A, Kengne AP. Protocol for systematic review of school-based interventions to prevent and control obesity in African learners. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013540. [PMID: 28348187 PMCID: PMC5372051 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing prevalence of obesity and overweight in childhood in developing countries is a public health concern to many governments. Schools play a significant role in the obesity epidemic as well as provide favourable environments for change in behaviours in childhood which can be carried on into adulthood. There is dearth of information on intervention studies in poor-resource settings. This review will summarise the available evidence on school-based interventions that focused on promoting healthy eating and physical activity among learners aged 6-15 years in Africa and to identify factors that lead to successful interventions or potential barriers to success of these programmes within the African context. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This protocol is developed following the guidelines of PRIMSA-P 2015. Relevant search terms and keywords generated from the subject headings and the African search filter will be used to conduct a comprehensive search of MEDLINE (PubMed), MEDLINE (EbscoHost), CINAHL (EbscoHost), Register Academic Search Complete (EbscoHost) and ISI Web of Science (Science Citation Index) for published literature on school-based interventions to prevent and control obesity in learners in Africa. Grey literature will be also be obtained. The searches will cover 1 January 2000 to 30 June 2016. No language limitations will be applied. Full-text articles of eligible studies will be screened. Risk of bias and quality of reporting will be assessed. Data will be extracted, synthesised and presented by country and major regional groupings. Meta-analysis will be conducted for identical variables across studies, where data allow. This protocol is developed following the guidelines of PRISMA-P 2015. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No primary data will be collected hence ethics is not a requirement. The findings will be submitted for publication in peer-reviewed journals, in conferences and in policy documents for decision-making, where needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosia Adom
- Nutrition Research Centre, Radiological and Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Legon, Ghana
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Thandi Puoane
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Community and Health, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Anniza De Villiers
- Non-communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
| | - André Pascal Kengne
- Non-communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Tygerberg, South Africa
- University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Murray M, Dordevic AL, Bonham MP. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: The Impact of Multicomponent Weight Management Interventions on Self-Esteem in Overweight and Obese Adolescents. J Pediatr Psychol 2017; 42:379-394. [DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsw101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Khanal S, Welsby D, Lloyd B, Innes-Hughes C, Lukeis S, Rissel C. Effectiveness of a once per week delivery of a family-based childhood obesity intervention: a cluster randomised controlled trial. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:475-483. [PMID: 26695932 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effectiveness of once per week (OPW) delivery of a family-based childhood obesity programme was compared with twice per week (TPW) delivery in achieving health and behavioural outcomes at a population level and in improving programme attendance. Both programmes were delivered over 10-weeks, and the contact hours in the OPW and TPW programmes were 20 and 35-h, respectively. METHODS A cluster-randomised controlled trial with stratification by local health district was conducted. Height, weight and global self esteem of participants and parent-reported diet and physical activity were measured at programme commencement and completion and at 6-month follow-up. Attendance was defined as the proportion of total sessions attended. RESULTS There were no differences between the OPW and TPW arms in changes from pre-programme baseline for body mass index (BMI) z-score and other health and behaviourial measures at programme completion and at follow-up, except for the increase in physical activity outside of the programme at programme completion (OPW, 3.5 h/week; TPW, 1.9 h/week; p = 0.03). OPW and TPW participants attended 71.2% and 69.2% of the total sessions, respectively. Attendance was the only contributing factor to a positive BMI z-score outcome (β = -2.45, p < 0.01) with no effects of child age and gender, language spoken at home or highest qualification of mother. CONCLUSIONS A family-based childhood obesity programme can be delivered OPW with no compromise to health or behavioural outcomes compared with TPW. Higher attendance, as a proportion of available sessions, leads to better outcomes for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khanal
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - D Welsby
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Lloyd
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C Innes-Hughes
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Lukeis
- Better Health Company, Ashwood, Victoria, Australia
| | - C Rissel
- NSW Office of Preventive Health, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
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McGregor S, McKenna J, Gately P, Hill AJ. Self-esteem outcomes over a summer camp for obese youth. Pediatr Obes 2016; 11:500-505. [PMID: 26913477 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Variation in the existing literature on the psychosocial benefits of weight loss in obese youth results, in part, from methodological limitations and modest weight loss. Accordingly, this research assessed perceived self-competence and low self-esteem during an intensive weight loss programme in a large sample of obese youth and related these to starting weight, gender and weight loss. METHODS Over 4 years, 303 obese male and female adolescents (body mass index [BMI] 34.3 kg m-2 , BMI standard deviation score 2.99; 14.7 years) attended a residential weight loss camp for a mean duration of 31 d. Outcome variables included dimensional self-esteem (Harter) and weight change over the camp. RESULTS At the start of camp, obese youth scored highest on social acceptance and lowest on physical appearance and athletic competence. Global self-worth and most domains of self-competence improved significantly over the intervention. The proportion with low global self-worth reduced from 35% to 16%, but there was little change in the proportion reporting high self-competence (23%). Mean weight loss was -5.5 kg (BMI standard deviation scores -0.25) with boys and those heaviest at the start losing most. Weight loss was significantly correlated with improved physical appearance (r = 0.13) and athletic competence (r = 0.19), but not global self-worth. CONCLUSIONS This intensive weight loss intervention yielded significant psychological benefit, especially in self-competence and among individuals achieving most weight loss. The weak association with weight loss suggests the influence of other contributing environmental or social features that should be the focus of further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McGregor
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - J McKenna
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - P Gately
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity and Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - A J Hill
- Academic Unit of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Leeds University School of Medicine, Leeds, UK
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Ghanbari Jolfaei A, Lotfi T, Pazouki A, Mazaheri Meybod A, Soheilipour F, Jesmi F. Comparison Between Marital Satisfaction and Self-Esteem Before and After Bariatric Surgery in Patients With Obesity. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2016; 10:e2445. [PMID: 27822277 PMCID: PMC5097451 DOI: 10.17795/ijpbs-2445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Obesity is one of the most common chronic diseases with important medical effects, as well as mental and social health problems. Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatments of morbid obesity. Objectives Because of the possible psychological changes, and its effects on weight loss after surgery, the current study aimed to compare marital satisfaction and self-confidence in patients with obesity before and after bariatric surgery in Rasoul-e-Akram hospital in 2013. Materials and Methods This prospective observational study was conducted on 69 candidates for bariatric surgery. Marital satisfaction and self-confidence were assessed before and six months after the surgery by Enrich marital satisfaction scale and Coopersmith self-esteem inventory. Descriptive statistics and T-tests were utilized to analyze data. Values of P ≤ 0.01 were considered statistically significant. Results Despite the improvement of sexual relationship, marital satisfaction scores significantly decreased from141.26 ± 12.75 to 139.42 ± 12.52 six months after the surgery (P = 0.002). Satisfaction in scales of conflict resolution and communication showed a descending pattern (P < 0.001). No significant difference was found between self-esteem before and after the surgery (P = 0.321). Conclusions Weight loss after bariatric surgery did not improve self-esteem and marital satisfaction six months post operatively; therefore, psychiatric assessment of patients before and after the surgery is crucial; since even if they are not associated with prognosis of the surgery, it is important to provide treatment for psychiatric problems. Prospective studies are recommended to assess post-operative changes of other psychological aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Ghanbari Jolfaei
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Tahereh Lotfi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abdolreza Pazouki
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | | | - Fahimeh Soheilipour
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Fatemeh Jesmi
- Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
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Proestakis A, Brañas-Garza P. Self-identified Obese People Request Less Money: A Field Experiment. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1454. [PMID: 27721803 PMCID: PMC5033972 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence suggests that obese people are discriminated in different social environments, such as the work place. Yet, the degree to which obese people are internalizing and adjusting their own behavior as a result of this discriminatory behavior has not been thoroughly studied. We develop a proxy for measuring experimentally the "self-weight bias" by giving to both self-identified obese (n = 90) and non-obese (n = 180) individuals the opportunity to request a positive amount of money after having performed an identical task. Consistent with the System Justification Theory, we find that self-identified obese individuals, due to a preexisting false consciousness, request significantly lower amounts of money than non-obese ones. A within subject comparison between self-reports and external monitors' evaluations reveals that the excessive weight felt by the "self" but not reported by evaluators captures the self-weight bias not only for obese but also for non-obese individuals. Linking our experimental results to the supply side of the labor market, we argue that self-weight bias, as expressed by lower salary requests, enhances discriminatory behavior against individuals who feel, but may not actually be, obese and consequently exacerbates the wage gap across weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Proestakis
- Health, Consumers and Reference Materials, Joint Research Centre, European CommissionIspra, Italy
| | - Pablo Brañas-Garza
- Economics Department, Business School, Middlesex University LondonLondon, UK
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Heitmann BL, Tang-Péronard J. Psychosocial Issues in Female Obesity. WOMENS HEALTH 2016; 3:271-3. [DOI: 10.2217/17455057.3.3.271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Berit L Heitmann
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Øster Søgade 18, 1. floor DK-1357 Copenhagen Denmark, Tel.: +45 3338 3746; Fax: +45 3338 3744
| | - Jeanett Tang-Péronard
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Øster Søgade 18, 1. floor DK-1357 Copenhagen Denmark, Tel.: +45 3338 3746; Fax: +45 3338 3744
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Abstract
Obesity and eating disorders (EDs) are both prevalent in adolescents. There are concerns that obesity prevention efforts may lead to the development of an ED. Most adolescents who develop an ED did not have obesity previously, but some teenagers, in an attempt to lose weight, may develop an ED. This clinical report addresses the interaction between obesity prevention and EDs in teenagers, provides the pediatrician with evidence-informed tools to identify behaviors that predispose to both obesity and EDs, and provides guidance about obesity and ED prevention messages. The focus should be on a healthy lifestyle rather than on weight. Evidence suggests that obesity prevention and treatment, if conducted correctly, do not predispose to EDs.
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Wadolowska L, Kowalkowska J, Lonnie M, Czarnocinska J, Jezewska-Zychowicz M, Babicz-Zielinska E. Associations between physical activity patterns and dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish girls aged 13-21 years: a cross-sectional study (GEBaHealth Project). BMC Public Health 2016; 16:698. [PMID: 27485607 PMCID: PMC4971681 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2016] [Accepted: 07/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Similar to other countries, trends of decreasing levels of physical activity (PA) and an increasing prevalence of unhealthy dietary patterns are observed among girls in Poland. Better understanding of potentially inter-related behaviours within this population can help to design tailored interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns in a representative sample of Polish girls. METHODS Girls aged 13-21 years (n = 1107) were randomly selected for the study. PA was assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire - Long (IPAQ-L). Dietary data were collected with food frequency questionnaires. PA patterns and dietary patterns were drawn separately by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Logistic regression was used to find the associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns. RESULTS Four major PA patterns ('School/work activity', 'Active recreation', 'Yard activity' and 'Walking and domestic activity') and four dietary patterns ('Traditional Polish', 'Fruit & vegetables', 'Fast food & sweets' and 'Dairy & fats') were identified. Level of PA was the highest in the upper tertile of 'School/work activity' pattern (mean 1372.2 MET-minutes/week, 95 % Confidence Intervals [CI]: 1285.9-1458.5). Girls in upper tertiles of 'Yard activity', 'Active recreation' and 'School/work activity' patterns had significantly higher chances of being in the upper tertile of the 'Fruit and vegetables' dietary pattern (odds ratio [OR] 2.17, 95 % CI: 1.50-3.14, p < 0.0001; OR 2.02, 95 % CI: 1.41-2.91; p < 0.001 and OR 1.76, 95 % CI: 1.24-2.51, p < 0.01 respectively; all adjusted for confounders) in comparison to bottom tertiles. Weak, but significant inverse associations were found between upper tertiles of 'Active recreation' and 'Yard activity' patterns and unhealthy dietary patterns. CONCLUSIONS We found associations between PA patterns and dietary patterns in the population of Polish girls. Girls with the highest adherence to the 'School/work activity' pattern had the highest levels of PA and presented pro-healthy dietary behaviours. School should be recognised as potentially efficient and important setting to maximise girls' PA potential. The after-school time is the area that should also be targeted to increase daily PA or to at least sustain the level of PA after completing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Wadolowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalkowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Marta Lonnie
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 45F, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jolanta Czarnocinska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Hygiene, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marzena Jezewska-Zychowicz
- Department of Organisation and Consumption Economics, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Babicz-Zielinska
- Department of Trade and Services, Gdynia Maritime University, Morska 81-87, 81-225, Gdynia, Poland
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Do Parents and Overweight, Treatment-Seeking Youth Provide Similar Ratings of Youths' Psychosocial Functioning and Fatigue? J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2016; 23:247-56. [PMID: 27379985 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-016-9458-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of agreement between parent and child ratings of psychosocial functioning and fatigue in children with obesity were examined. Analyses demonstrated moderate agreement for social anxiety in elementary children and small agreement for social anxiety in adolescents. Results of analyses of overall quality of life revealed small agreement in children under the age of 8, large agreement in children ages 8-12, and moderate agreement in adolescents ages 13-18. Overall ratings of fatigue demonstrated moderate agreement both in elementary children and in adolescents. A meaningful relationship was found between each factor measured by a parent and a child. Patterns which were unexpected given the existing literature were found; possible hypotheses explaining these patterns are presented; and the need for further research is highlighted.
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Abstract
Eighty girls aged 12.8 (0.6) years, completed self-concept, depression and anxiety scales over three years and had their height and weight measured. All nine self-concept domains were lower in the Highest BMI group, compared to the Lower BMI group and this trend was stable over three years. Highest BMI girls were substantially lower than population norms on all nine scales. Over three years, the Physical Appearance and Close Friendship scores of Highest BMI girls decreased compared to Lower BMI girls. This pattern was similar for all of the other self-concept domains. Several aspects of early adolescent girls' self-image may be adversely influenced by a heavy weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A O'Dea
- Faculty of Education & Social Work, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia. j.o'
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A Community-based Healthy Living Promotion Program Improved Self-esteem Among Minority Children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2016; 63:106-12. [PMID: 27336592 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000001088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Improving self-esteem, dietary habits, and physical activity is essential for long-term success in childhood obesity prevention. The aim is to evaluate the effects of a healthy living promotion program, Healthy Kids-Houston, on BMI, dietary habits, self-esteem, and physical activity among minority children. METHODS The after-school program was implemented at community centers in low-income neighborhoods with close proximity to public schools. The program consisted of 3 6-week sessions. Each week, children attended 2 2-hour sessions. Each 2-hour session in the intervention included 90 minutes of structured physical activities and 30 minutes of nutrition and healthy habit lessons. The control group received typical enrichment programs. Outcomes were measured before the intervention and at the end of each 6-week session. RESULTS We enrolled 877 children (age 10.2 ± 0.1 years (mean ± SE); body mass index z score: 1.49 ± 0.1; 52.0% boys; 72.6% Hispanic) in the program with 524 children received the intervention at 14 community centers and 353 children served as control at 10 community centers. The intervention led to no improvements in BMI z score (P = 0.78) and dietary habits (P = 0.46). Significant improvements (P ≤ 0.02) were detected in the amount of exercise that a child perceived to be required to offset a large meal and in several key self-esteem scores. No improvements were detected in physical activities (P ≥ 0.21). CONCLUSIONS The improvement in some key self-esteem scores and nutrition knowledge may act as a mediator to motivate these children to adopt a healthier lifestyle in the future.
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Baygi F, Kelishadi R, Qorbani M, Mohammadi F, Motlagh ME, Ardalan G, Mansourian M, Arzaghi SM, Asayesh H, Heshmat R. Association of some psychosocial factors with anthropometric measures in nationally representative sample of Iranian adolescents: the CASPIAN-III study. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2016; 15:15. [PMID: 27252934 PMCID: PMC4888475 DOI: 10.1186/s40200-016-0237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background During the last two decades, adolescent obesity has increased in western countries. In Iran-as a developing country- the prevalence of obesity is raised among youngsters as well. This study conducted to identify an association of adolescents’ loneliness, self-confidence and relationship with others in home and school environment with their weight status. Methods In this cross-sectional national survey, 5682 students aged 10–18 years from urban and rural districts of 27 provinces of Iran were selected via stratified multi-stage sampling method. Data on psychological problems of students was gathered through a questionnaire. Height, weight, and waist circumferences were measured according to standard protocols. Body mass index (BMI) and waist- to-height ratio was calculated. Results Boys which did not have best friends, spend time with their friends after school or get acceptance from them, had higher BMI than others. Only girls who did not spend time with their friends had higher BMI (19.48 ± 4.28) vs. (19.09 ± 3.92) and WC (71.04 ± 21.29) vs. (69.15 ± 17.43) than others, P < 0.05. In both sexes, adolescents who had sense of pressure about doing homework or had difficulties in relationship with their parents had higher BMI and WC values. Girls who reported being victim of violent behaviors (being bullied), had lower BMI compared to others. Risk of being overweight and obese, but not abdominal obese was statistically higher in adolescents not having close friends (OR = 1.81, CI: 1.11–2.95). Lack of self-confidence increased only the risk of obesity in teens (OR = 1033, CI: 1.09–1.64). Conclusions Our findings suggest that strategies for prevention of overweight and obesity in adolescent should be taking into account a deeper knowledge of psychosocial issues due to be able to design more effective programs for treating overweight teens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Baygi
- Occupation Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Roya Kelishadi
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Dietary Supplements and Probiotics Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran ; Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohammadi
- Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Gelayol Ardalan
- Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morteza Mansourian
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Masoud Arzaghi
- Elderly Health Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Ramin Heshmat
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Bariatric surgery provides a clinically effective and cost-effective means of achieving sustained weight reduction and management of associated comorbidities and has been met with increasing enthusiasm for application in obese youth. Following trends seen among obese adults, carefully selected obese youth are now undergoing bariatric surgical procedures with excellent short-term and intermediate-term outcomes. Although long-term data are not yet available, the results thus far hold great promise in the management of this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar L Mirensky
- Division of Pediatric General and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, 5 East 98th Street, 10th Floor, Box 1259, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.
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Hart LM, Damiano SR, Paxton SJ. Confident body, confident child: A randomized controlled trial evaluation of a parenting resource for promoting healthy body image and eating patterns in 2- to 6-year old children. Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:458-72. [PMID: 26749163 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Body image and eating patterns develop in early childhood and are influenced by the family environment. This research evaluated Confident Body, Confident Child (CBCC), an intervention for parents of 2- to 6-year-old children, designed to promote body satisfaction, healthy eating, and weight management in early childhood. METHOD A randomized controlled trial compared four groups: (A) received the CBCC resource pack and a workshop, (B) received the CBCC resource pack only, (C) received a nutrition-only resource and (D) received no interventions until all questionnaires were completed (i.e., functioned as waitlist control). Measures of parenting variables relevant to child body image and eating patterns, parent-report of child weight, and evaluation questions about the resource, were implemented pre- and post-intervention. RESULTS At 6-weeks post-intervention, the CBCC resource was associated with significant reductions in parents' intentions to use behaviors that increase the risk of negative body attitudes or unhealthy eating in their children, in parents' use of feeding practices associated with childhood overweight, and in television watching during family meals. Significant increases in parents' intentions to use positive behaviors and knowledge of child body image and healthy eating patterns were also found. Superior results were found for the CBCC resource + workshop condition, suggesting it is the preferred delivery method. DISCUSSION CBCC positively impacts parenting variables associated with childhood risk for body dissatisfaction, unhealthy eating and weight. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2016; 49:458-472).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Hart
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3086
| | - Stephanie R Damiano
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3086
| | - Susan J Paxton
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia, 3086
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Pila E, Sabiston CM, Brunet J, Castonguay AL, O'Loughlin J. Do body-related shame and guilt mediate the association between weight status and self-esteem? J Health Psychol 2016; 20:659-69. [PMID: 25903252 DOI: 10.1177/1359105315573449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals who are overweight or obese report body image concerns and lower self-esteem. However, little is known about the mechanisms underpinning these associations. The objective of this study was to test body-related shame and guilt as mediators in the association between weight status and self-esteem. Young adult participants (n = 790) completed assessments of self-esteem and body-related guilt and shame, and weight status indicators were measured by trained technicians. Findings from multiple mediation analyses suggest that body-related shame mediates the relationship between weight status and self-esteem. If replicated in longitudinal studies, these findings suggest that reducing body-related emotions may have important implications for improving self-esteem in clinical weight management.
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Mayer-Brown S, Lawless C, Fedele D, Dumont-Driscoll M, Janicke DM. The effects of media, self-esteem, and BMI on youth's unhealthy weight control behaviors. Eat Behav 2016; 21:59-65. [PMID: 26744786 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Youth engage in a variety of methods to manage their weight, including unhealthy weight control behaviors (UWCBs). The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with youth's engagement in UWCBs, including media influence, youth's BMI z-score and self-esteem. METHODS Participants were 179 youth, aged 10-17, attending a primary care clinic appointment. Youth completed questionnaires assessing frequency of UWCBs, global self-worth, and perception of media influence to lose weight. BMI z-score was calculated based on height and weight measurements obtained from medical charts. The SPSS macro, PROCESS, was used to conduct moderation analyses. RESULTS Over 40% of youth endorsed using at least one UWCB in the past year. Girls reported using more UWCBs and engaging in UWCBs more frequently than boys. For boys, media influence to lose weight was only related to UWCB frequency for those with a BMI z-score of 1.23 and above. For girls, media influence was only related to UWCB frequency for those with low to average levels of global self-worth. CONCLUSIONS Girls' and boys' use of UWCBs is impacted by different factors. Prevention efforts should consider targeting factors, such as weight status and self-esteem, which are uniquely associated with gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Mayer-Brown
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
| | - Casey Lawless
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David Fedele
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Marilyn Dumont-Driscoll
- Pediatric Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, PO Box 100296, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - David M Janicke
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, PO Box 100165, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Barriers to and Facilitators of the Evaluation of Integrated Community-Wide Overweight Intervention Approaches: A Qualitative Case Study in Two Dutch Municipalities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:390. [PMID: 27043600 PMCID: PMC4847052 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13040390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
To prevent overweight and obesity the implementation of an integrated community-wide intervention approach (ICIA) is often advocated. Evaluation can enhance implementation of such an approach and demonstrate the extent of effectiveness. To be able to support professionals in the evaluation of ICIAs we studied barriers to and facilitators of ICIA evaluation. In this study ten professionals of two Dutch municipalities involved in the evaluation of an ICIA participated. We conducted semi-structured interviews (n = 12), observed programme meetings (n = 4) and carried out document analysis. Data were analyzed using a thematic content approach. We learned that evaluation is hampered when it is perceived as unfeasible due to limited time and budget, a lack of evaluation knowledge or a negative evaluation attitude. Other barriers are a poor understanding of the evaluation process and its added value to optimizing the programme. Sufficient communication between involved professionals on evaluation can facilitate evaluation, as does support for evaluation of ICIAs together with stakeholders at a strategic and tactical level. To stimulate the evaluation of ICIAs, we recommend supporting professionals in securing evaluation resources, providing tailored training and tools to enhance evaluation competences and stimulating strategic communication on evaluation.
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Jafari Z, Khodarahimi S, Rasti A. Sexual Self-Esteem and Perfectionism in Women With and Without Overweight. WOMEN & THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02703149.2016.1116875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Mediating effects of body composition between physical activity and body esteem in Hong Kong adolescents: a structural equation modeling approach. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:31-7. [PMID: 26174104 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-015-2586-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This study investigated the mediating role of body mass index (BMI) in the relationship between physical activity and body esteem in adolescents. Nine hundred and five Hong Kong Chinese students aged 12-18 years participated in a cross-sectional study in 2007. Students' BMI was computed as an indicator of their body composition. Their physical activity level and body esteem were examined using the Physical Activity Rating for Children and Youth (PARCY) and Body Esteem Scale (BES), respectively. Structural equation modelling was used to investigate the mediating effects of BMI and physical activity in predicting body esteem, with stratification by sex. The overall fit of the hypothesized models was satisfactory in boys (NFI = 0.94; NNFI = 0.88; CFI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.07) and girls (NFI = 0.89; NNFI = 0.77; CFI = 0.91; RMSEA = 0.11). When BMI was considered as a mediator, higher physical activity had a significant negative total effect on body esteem in boys, but not in girls. The indirect effect of higher physical activity on body esteem via BMI was positive in boys, but negative in girls. CONCLUSIONS Regular physical activity may help overweight adolescents, especially boys, improve their body esteem. Kinesiologists and health professionals could explore the use of physical activity prescriptions for weight management, aiming at body esteem improvement in community health programs for adolescents. WHAT IS KNOWN Among Western adolescents, negative body esteem is more pervasive in girls than in boys. There are consistent findings of the association between higher body mass index and lower body esteem in adolescents, but the association between physical activity and body esteem are equivocal. WHAT IS NEW A negative association between body mass index and body esteem was found in both Hong Kong adolescent boys and girls. The indirect effect of physical activity on body esteem via body mass index was positive in Hong Kong adolescent boys, but negative in girls.
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