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Moschella-Smith EA, Potter SJ, Jamison T, Harley M, Fine S, Chaudhry AS. Attitudes Toward Unhealthy Relationship Behaviors and Boundary-Setting: Variation Among High School Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241257598. [PMID: 38867539 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241257598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Teen dating violence (TDV) is common during adolescence and has lasting negative impacts on those who experience it. Yet, there is limited research exploring how well teens recognize unhealthy behaviors and communicate boundaries, both crucial aspects in preventing TDV. This study aimed to investigate how demographic characteristics (i.e., gender, age, sexual identity, and race/ethnicity) relate to adolescents' abilities to recognize unhealthy relationships and willingness to communicate boundaries. Participants (N = 873) completed online surveys during school hours on demographic characteristics (e.g., gender), recognition of unhealthy relationship behaviors, communicating boundaries, and navigating breakups. We found that girls, participants who identify as a sexual minority (e.g., lesbian), and White participants demonstrated significantly higher recognition of controlling behaviors compared to boys and their heterosexual and non-White counterparts, respectively, but there was no significant difference in identifying abusive behaviors such as shouting, yelling, and insulting a partner. Older participants (i.e., ages 16-18) were significantly more likely to recognize controlling and abusive behaviors as unhealthy compared to younger participants (i.e., 13-15). Further, we found that girls and older participants were significantly more willing to communicate boundaries in relationships than boys and their younger counterparts. Our findings align with prior research emphasizing the necessity for prevention strategies that raise awareness of controlling behaviors that can escalate to more severe forms of TDV and equip adolescents with the means to establish and communicate personal boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sue Fine
- One Love Foundation, Bronxville, NY, USA
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McMillan IF, Langhinrichsen-Rohling J, Mennicke A, Montanaro E. Attitude Is Everything: Examining Acceptance of Violence Items for Differential Item Functioning Across Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Youth. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024:8862605241243338. [PMID: 38581249 DOI: 10.1177/08862605241243338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Acceptance of dating violence (ADV) is a cognitive risk factor for violence perpetration and a common target of prevention programs. However, frequently used items assessing ADV are characterized by heteronormative item wording, and limited research has evaluated the degree to which ADV items function equivalently for both heterosexual and sexual minority youth (SMY). The current study sought to determine if there are differences in the way heterosexual and SMY respond to ADV survey items. Secondary data from a total of 2,014 adolescents (Mage = 16.78) were used to examine differences in ADV. Results of differential item functioning analysis indicated nonuniform differential item functioning for two of eight ADV items, with heterosexual youth being more likely to express strong levels of agreements with (a) female-perpetrated physical violence in response to male-perpetrated violence and (b) female-perpetrated violence against males broadly, relative to SMY. Although these differences were of negligible magnitude and only resulted in minimal differences in overall expected average scores, heterosexual youth were more likely to strongly accept female-perpetrated dating violence compared to SMY. Findings highlight differences in ADV item response patterns across heterosexual and sexual minority identifying youth and provide preliminary evidence for group differences in acceptance of female-perpetrated dating violence. Implications for prevention programming based on current findings include greater focus on measure adaptation and development as well as more consensus on the necessity of preventing female-perpetrated violence.
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Paradis A, Fortin A, Van Camp T, Hébert M, Fernet M. A latent class analysis of adolescent dating violence: Associations with daily conflict management. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2024; 149:106619. [PMID: 38218054 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent dating violence (ADV) is a major public health concern experienced by more than half of adolescents. Previous studies have found considerable diversity in patterns of ADV and suggest that its various forms often occur concurrently and reciprocally within adolescent dating relationships. While multiple robust distal correlates of ADV have already been established, research on situational factors, such as conflict-related variables, is still sparse. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify patterns of ADV based on the co-occurrence of different types of ADV victimization and perpetration. Multiple correlates of these ADV patterns were examined, including daily conflict-related factors (e.g., occurrence, resolution). METHODS A sample of 216 adolescents (M = 17.03 years; SD = 1.49) who were currently involved in a dating relationship completed a baseline assessment followed by 14 consecutive daily diaries. RESULTS Latent class analysis revealed five classes, including Low violence (21.8 %), Emotional violence (50.9 %), Emotional and sexual violence (13 %), Psychological violence and control (7.9 %), and Multiple violence (6.5 %). Demographic, relationship, distal, and daily conflict-related indicators differentiated the classes. Findings indicated that youth in the Psychological violence and control and Multiple violence classes were involved in longer-lasting relationships and displayed higher externalized problems and emotion dysregulation, more frequent experiences of childhood traumas, and, notably, more difficulties in managing daily conflicts. CONCLUSION Adolescence is a crucial time to reduce the onset, persistence, and adverse consequences of ADV. By identifying situational conflict-related factors associated with ADV victimization and perpetration, this study can inform important prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Paradis
- Département de psychologie, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
| | | | - Tinneke Van Camp
- Department of Criminology, California State University - Fresno, CA, USA
| | - Martine Hébert
- Département de sexologie, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Mylène Fernet
- Département de sexologie, UQAM, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Meiksin R, Ponsford R, Kyegombe N, Kohli A, Bonell C. Assessing Survey Items on Social Norms Relating to Dating and Relationship Violence and to Gender: Cognitive Interviews with Young People in England. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2024; 39:1206-1227. [PMID: 37864423 PMCID: PMC10858622 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231204561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Widespread among adolescents in England, dating and relationship violence (DRV) is associated with subsequent injuries and serious mental health problems. While DRV prevention interventions often aim to shift harmful social norms, no established measures exist to assess relevant norms and their role in mediating DRV outcomes. We conducted cognitive interviews exploring the understandability and answerability of candidate measures of social norms relating to DRV and gender roles, informing measure refinement. In all, 11 participants aged 13 to 15 from one school in England participated. Cognitive interviews tested two items assessing descriptive norms (beliefs about what behaviors are typical), three assessing injunctive norms (beliefs about what is socially acceptable), and (for comparison) one assessing personal attitudes. Findings were summarized by drawing on interview notes. Summaries and interview notes were subjected to thematic analysis. For some participants, injunctive norms items required further explanation to clarify that items asked about others' views, not their own. Lack of certainty about, and perceived heterogeneity of, behaviors and views among a broad reference group detracted from answerability. Participants were better able to answer items for which they could draw on concrete experiences of observing or discussing relevant behaviors or social sanctions. Data suggest that a narrowed reference group could improve answerability for items assessing salient norms. Findings informed refinements to social norms measures. It is possible to develop social norms measures that are understandable and answerable for adolescents in England. Measures should assess norms that are salient and publicly manifest among a cohesive and influential reference group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruth Ponsford
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | | | - Chris Bonell
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Meiksin R, Bonell C, Bhatia A, Melendez-Torres G, Kyegombe N, Kohli A. Social Norms About Dating and Relationship Violence and Gender Among Adolescents: Systematic Review of Measures Used in Dating and Relationship Violence Research. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2024; 25:448-462. [PMID: 36825788 PMCID: PMC10666486 DOI: 10.1177/15248380231155526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent dating and relationship violence (DRV) is widespread and associated with increased risk of subsequent poor mental health outcomes and partner violence. Shifting social norms (i.e., descriptive norms of perceived behavior and injunctive norms of acceptable behavior among a reference group of important others) may be important for reducing DRV. However, few DRV studies assess norms, measurement varies, and evidence on measure quality is diffuse. We aimed to map and assess how studies examining DRV measured social norms concerning DRV and gender. We conducted a systematic review of DRV literature reporting on the use and validity of such measures among participants aged 10-18 years. Searches included English peer-reviewed and grey literature identified via nine databases; Google Scholar; organization websites; reference checking; known studies; and expert requests. We identified 24 eligible studies from the Americas (N = 15), Africa (N = 4), and Europe (N = 5) using 40 eligible measures of DRV norms (descriptive: N = 19; injunctive: N = 14) and gender norms (descriptive: N = 1; injunctive: N = 6). No measure was shared across studies. Most measures were significantly associated with DRV outcomes and most had a defined reference group. Other evidence of quality was mixed. DRV norms measures sometimes specified heterosexual relationships but rarely separated norms governing DRV perpetrated by girls and boys. None specified sexual-minority relationships. Gender norms measures tended to focus on violence, but missed broader gendered expectations underpinning DRV. Future research should develop valid, reliable DRV norms and gender norms measures, and assess whether interventions' impact on norms mediates impact on DRV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chris Bonell
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
| | - Amiya Bhatia
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, UK
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Landa SU, González SN, Martínez AP, Leiva MG, Castro JLG. The Boomerang Effect of Suppression of Emotional Expression: Relationship Power, Affectivity and Adolescent and Youth Male-To-Female Dating Violence. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:36-52. [PMID: 37715863 PMCID: PMC10761457 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01854-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Scarce research has been performed on the role of power, affectivity, and suppression of emotional expression in the use of dating violence by adolescents and young men. This study aims to analyze a model of the associations between perceived power (control and dominance), affectivity (positive and negative affect), suppression of emotional expression and the frequency of use of male-to female dating violence. Participants in this cross-sectional and correlational study were 786 Spanish students aged between 13 and 25 years (M = 18.80; SD = 2.93) divided in two groups: 13-18 (316 adolescents, M = 15.58; SD = 1.02) and 18-25 (462 young men, M = 20.79; SD = 1.98) with 8 participants not stating their age. Different sequential mediation models confirmed that, only in young men, affectivity (negative and positive affect) and suppression of emotional expression mediate the relationship between power and the use of dating violence. Fostering equal relationships, associating them with positive emotional states, avoiding the frustration derived from low power perception, and providing young men with strategies for appropriately expressing their emotions may help decrease the use of dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ubillos Landa
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Burgos, C/Paseo de los Comendadores, Hospital Militar, 1, 09001, Burgos, Spain
| | - Sandra Nieto González
- Faculty of Health Science, University of Burgos, C/Paseo de los Comendadores, Hospital Militar, 1, 09001, Burgos, Spain.
| | - Alicia Puente Martínez
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, P.° Francisco Tomás y Valiente, s/n, 37007, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Marcela Gracia Leiva
- Health Education Foundation. Fundadeps, C. de la Costa Brava, 50, 28034, Madrid, Spain
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Verbeek M, Weeland J, Luijk M, van de Bongardt D. Sexual and Dating Violence Prevention Programs for Male Youth: A Systematic Review of Program Characteristics, Intended Psychosexual Outcomes, and Effectiveness. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2023; 52:2899-2935. [PMID: 37226034 PMCID: PMC10684717 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-023-02596-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Sexual and dating violence (SDV) by male youth (≤ 25 years)-including sexual harassment, emotional partner violence, and rape-is a worldwide problem. The goal of this preregistered (PROSPERO, ID: CRD42022281220) systematic review was to map existing SDV prevention programs aimed at male youth, including their characteristics (e.g., content, intensity), intended psychosexual outcomes, and empirically demonstrated effectiveness, guided by the principles of the theory of planned behavior (TPB). We conducted searches in six online databases for published, peer-reviewed quantitative effectiveness studies on multi-session, group focused, and interaction based SDV prevention programs for male youth ending March 2022. After screening of 21,156 hits using PRISMA guidelines, 15 studies on 13 different programs, from four continents were included. Narrative analysis showed, first, broad ranges in program intensity (2-48 h total), and few program curricula included explicit discussion of relevant aspects of the TPB. Second, programs' main intended psychosexual outcomes were to change SDV experiences, or related attitudes, or norms. Third, significant effects were found mostly on longer term behaviors and short-term attitudes. Other theoretical proxies of SDV experiences, such as social norms and perceived behavioral control, were sparsely investigated; thus, program effectiveness on these outcomes remains largely unknown. Assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool, moderate to serious risk of bias arose in all studies. We present concrete suggestions for program content, such as explicit attention to victimization and masculinity and discuss best practices for evaluation research, including assessments of program integrity, and examining relevant theoretical proxies of SDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirthe Verbeek
- Youth and Family, Department of Child Development and Education, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Joyce Weeland
- Youth and Family, Department of Child Development and Education, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maartje Luijk
- Youth and Family, Department of Child Development and Education, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne van de Bongardt
- Youth and Family, Department of Child Development and Education, Erasmus University Rotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Murchison GR, Austin SB, Reisner SL, Chen JT. Middle School Psychological Distress and Sexual Harassment Victimization as Predictors of Dating Violence Involvement. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6576-6600. [PMID: 36367156 PMCID: PMC10692829 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221135166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent sexual harassment victimization is increasingly recognized as a strong risk factor for dating violence victimization and perpetration. Research on this association has focused on older adolescents and on sexual harassment at a single time point rather than chronic exposure. Furthermore, potential mechanisms, such as psychological distress, are not well understood. The goals of this study were to identify whether sexual harassment victimization and psychological distress were reciprocally related, whether chronic psychological distress and sexual harassment victimization in early adolescence were associated with higher levels of dating violence involvement measured in mid-adolescence, and whether these relationships differed between boys and girls. We used longitudinal data from 4,718 US middle school students to fit regression models for the associations between sexual harassment victimization and psychological distress. We then used data from a subset of 1,279 students followed up in high school to fit marginal structural models for sixth- to eighth-grade psychological distress and sexual harassment victimization as predictors of dating violence involvement measured in ninth grade. We found that (1) sexual harassment victimization was positively, concurrently associated with psychological distress, with a stronger association among girls than boys; (2) psychological distress was positively, prospectively associated with sexual harassment victimization among girls but not boys; (3) chronic sixth- to eighth-grade psychological distress was not significantly associated with dating violence victimization or perpetration measured in ninth grade; and (4) chronic sixth- to eighth-grade sexual harassment victimization was associated with significantly higher levels of dating violence victimization and perpetration measured in ninth grade. The results support a reciprocal relationship between distress and sexual harassment victimization for early adolescent girls, and they call for further attention to gender differences in the content and impact of sexual harassment. Furthermore, the findings indicate that preventing sexual harassment in early adolescence may be critical in reducing dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel R. Murchison
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S. Bryn Austin
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sari L. Reisner
- The Fenway Institute, Fenway Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jarvis T. Chen
- Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Gracia-Leiva M, Ubillos-Landa S, Puente-Martínez A, Arias-Rodríguez G, Nieto-Betancour L, Tobar-Lasso MJ, Páez-Rovira D. A Cross-Cultural Sequential Model of the Association Between Young Spanish and Colombian Women Victims of Power Imbalance and Suicide Risk: The Mediating Role of Dating Violence and Rumination. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:6195-6229. [PMID: 36342222 PMCID: PMC9969490 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221132780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
For young women, the power imbalance in favor of males in dating relationships has been related to dating violence (DV) victimization. In addition, the use of rumination to cope with DV may increase their psychological distress. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether experiences of DV and rumination mediate the association between power imbalance and suicide risk (SR). The sample comprised 1,216 young women aged between 18 and 28 years from Colombia (n = 461) and Spain (n = 755), in a heterosexual dating relationship, not married or cohabiting with a partner and without children. The following scales were applied: The Sexual Relationship Power Scale-Modified, The Dating Violence Questionnaire--R (DVQ-R); Cyberdating Abuse Questionnaire, Measure of Affect Regulation Scale (MARS), and The Spanish Suicide Risk Scale. A sequential mediation paths model was tested. Results indicated that power imbalance was associated with DV victimization. Furthermore, DV was associated with more rumination, which was also linked to a greater SR in both countries. Rumination may be a mechanism through which experiences of DV victimization negatively influence mental health in young women and is an important variable related cross-culturally to SR. The findings suggest an equality approach, addressing the power imbalance in dating relationships, empowering girls to prevent DV, and teaching coping strategies for dealing with victimization and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alicia Puente-Martínez
- University of the Basque Country,
Donostia, Spain
- University of Burgos, Spain
- University of Salamanca, Spain
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10
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Weber E, Peskin MF, Markham CM, Shegog R, Baumler ER, Addy RC, Temple JR, Hernandez B, Cuccaro P, Thiel MA, Gabay EK, Emery ST. Economic Evaluation of an Intervention to Prevent Adolescent Dating Violence (Me & You). JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:2983-3010. [PMID: 35617674 PMCID: PMC11010237 DOI: 10.1177/08862605221104534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Me & You: Building Healthy Relationships (Me & You) is a multilevel, technology-enhanced adolescent dating violence (DV) prevention program that aimed to reduce DV among ethnic-minority, early adolescent, urban youth. A group-randomized control trial of Me & You, conducted with 10 middle schools from a large urban school district in Southeast Texas in 2014-2015, found it to be effective in reducing DV perpetration and decreasing some forms of DV victimization. Economic evaluations of DV interventions are extremely limited, despite calls for more economic analyses to be incorporated in research. We help fill this gap by evaluating the cost-effectiveness from the payer and societal perspectives of implementing the Me & You program. Using cost data collected alongside the Me & You group-randomized trial, we computed incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Our primary outcome was "any DV perpetrated" within 12 months of the intervention. We conducted a cost-benefit analysis beyond the intervention endpoint by using literature estimates of per-victim lifetime costs of DV. We performed sensitivity analyses to assess effects of uncertain parameters. Under the base-case scenario, the cost of the Me & You curriculum compared to the standard curriculum was $103.70 per-student from the societal perspective, and the effectiveness was 34.84 perpetrations averted, implying an incremental cost per perpetration averted of $2.98, which ranged from $0.48 to $73.24 in sensitivity analysis. Thus, we find the Me & You curriculum is cost-effective and cost-saving in most scenarios. Policymakers should carefully consider school-based DV prevention programs, and cost data should be regularly collected in adolescent prevention program evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellerie Weber
- UTHealth, Deptartment of Management, Policy & Community Health, Houston, TX, USA
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Melissa F. Peskin
- UTHealth, Center for Health Promotion & Prevention Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Ross Shegog
- UTHealth, Center for Health Promotion & Prevention Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth R. Baumler
- UTHealth, Deptartment of Management, Policy & Community Health, Houston, TX, USA
- UTMB, Center for Violence Prevention, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Robert C. Addy
- UTHealth, Center for Health Promotion & Prevention Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jeff R. Temple
- UTMB, Center for Violence Prevention, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Belinda Hernandez
- UTHealth, Center for Health Promotion & Prevention Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Paula Cuccaro
- UTHealth, Center for Health Promotion & Prevention Research, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Melanie A. Thiel
- UTHealth, Deptartment of Management, Policy & Community Health, Houston, TX, USA
- UTMB, Center for Violence Prevention, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Efrat K. Gabay
- UTHealth, Center for Health Promotion & Prevention Research, Houston, TX, USA
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11
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Yeo H, Choi YJ, Son E, Cho H, Yun SH, Lee JO. Childhood Community Risk Factors on Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among College Students. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP20361-NP20385. [PMID: 34802312 DOI: 10.1177/08862605211050097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The study examined the effect of community environments, such as community cohesion, community safety, and community poverty, in childhood on the likelihood of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization in young adulthood. The study used the cross-sectional survey data of 2,082 college students collected in 2016-2017 from six universities in the U.S. and the data for the childhood community environment from the 2007-2011 American Community Survey. Hierarchical regressions were performed separately by gender to 1) assess the effects of community factors in addition to individual factors for IPV perpetration and victimization, and to 2) identify the interaction effect of community cohesion with community poverty on IPV perpetration and victimization. Community factors of community cohesion and community poverty were significantly correlated to different types of IPV. For IPV perpetration, only community cohesion was significant for, the interaction effect between community cohesion and poverty showed that higher community cohesion lowered the risk of community poverty on later IPV perpetration in both genders. For IPV victimization, only female students were affected by community poverty, whereas none of the community factors had an impact on male students. The findings imply the significance of early interventions and policies strengthening the community environment, especially community cohesion, for preventing IPV. The findings also suggest that assessing risk and protective factors on IPV in multiple contexts during childhood is important to develop effective programs preventing IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesu Yeo
- School of Social Work, 308457University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Y Joon Choi
- School of Social Work, 308457University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Esther Son
- Department of Social Work, College of Staten Island, The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hyunkag Cho
- School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Yun
- School of Social Work, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada
| | - Jungeun Olivia Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Cénat JM, Mukunzi JN, Amédée LM, Clorméus LA, Dalexis RD, Lafontaine MF, Guerrier M, Michel G, Hébert M. Prevalence and factors related to dating violence victimization and perpetration among a representative sample of adolescents and young adults in Haiti. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 128:105597. [PMID: 35339796 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies examining both victimization and perpetration of dating violence among both women and men are virtually non-existent in Haiti. This study aimed to document the prevalence and factors associated with victimization and perpetration of dating violence (DV) among adolescents and young adults aged 15-24 years in Haiti. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A total of 3586 participants (47.6% women; mean age = 19.37; SD = 2.71) were sampled in the 10 geographical departments according to residence areas (urban/rural), age group (15-19/20-24 years old), and gender (men/women). METHOD Participants completed questionnaires assessing DV victimization and perpetration, witnessing interparental violence, parental violence, violence acceptance, social desirability, and self-esteem. RESULTS Overall, 1538 participants (56% women) were in a romantic relationship in the past year. Results showed that men were more likely to experience both psychological (49.4% of women and 57% of men, X2 = 8.17, p = .004), and physical violence (11.1% of women and 18.8% of men, X2 = 8.13, p = .004). There were marginally significant differences for sexual violence between gender for adolescents aged 15 to 19 (26.5% of girls and 20.5% of boys, X2 = 3.25, p = .07), and not for young adults (21.8% of women and 24.0% of men, X2 = 0.49, p = .48). No significant difference was observed for any forms of DV perpetration. DV perpetration was positively associated with victimization (b = 0.5, p = .002), however victimization was not associated with perpetration. Results also showed different associations between violence perpetration and victimization, gender, social desirability, acceptance of violence, parental violence, and witnessing interparental violence. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights avenues for prevention and intervention that must begin at an early age, engage teachers, train peer-educators, promote healthy, non-violent and egalitarian romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jude Mary Cénat
- Vulnerability, Trauma, Resilience & Culture Research Laborattory (V-TRaC Lab), School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Joana N Mukunzi
- Vulnerability, Trauma, Resilience & Culture Research Laborattory (V-TRaC Lab), School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Rose Darly Dalexis
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Mireille Guerrier
- Vulnerability, Trauma, Resilience & Culture Research Laborattory (V-TRaC Lab), School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Martine Hébert
- Canada Research Chair in Interpersonal Trauma and Resilience, Department of Sexology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Daff ES, McEwan TE, Luebbers S. The Role of Cognition in Youth Intimate Partner Abuse. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP4952-NP4980. [PMID: 32969303 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520958633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Research investigating how cognition influences youth intimate partner abuse (IPA) remains limited. Understanding cognitive risk markers is theoretically important and can inform intervention to maximize the chance of behavior change. The current article investigated cognition regarding general antisociality, relationships, and gender-role attitudes on youth IPA perpetration among 275 (123 female) 14- to 18-year-olds. Theoretically derived relationships (based on social information processing theory and the General Aggression Model) were hypothesized, which furthered understanding of how cognition contributes to relationship aggression in adolescents, while controlling for common behavioral correlates. Results showed that, overall, other experiences of aggressive behavior more strongly related to youth IPA perpetration than cognitive correlates. Among boys, general antisocial cognition was more strongly associated with youth IPA perpetration than relationship-specific cognition, with the reverse being true for girls. These findings suggest there is value in exploring theoretically indicated cognitive risk markers for youth IPA in a gender-sensitive and dynamic manner. Findings also provide direction for future studies considering cognition and youth IPA in a more predictive manner and areas for consideration in intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Daff
- Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, Victoria, Australia
| | - Troy E McEwan
- Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stefan Luebbers
- Swinburne University of Technology, Alphington, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Díaz-Aguado MJ, Martínez-Arias R. Types of Male Adolescent Violence Against Women in Three Contexts: Dating Violence Offline, Dating Violence Online, and Sexual Harassment Online Outside a Relationship. Front Psychol 2022; 13:850897. [PMID: 35356329 PMCID: PMC8959849 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.850897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been little investigation of male adolescent violence against women as acknowledged by boys themselves, and even less on such violence in different contexts with comparative studies of behavior between those who perpetrate this violence and the population at large. This study used cluster analysis to establish a male adolescent typology based on boys' self-reporting of violence against women in three contexts. The participants were 3,132 Spanish teenage boys aged 14-18 with experience of relationships with girls. Three discrete, identifiable types were obtained: the first group (69.8%), of non-violent boys; the second group (26%), more involved in sexual harassment online outside a relationship but with a low incidence of dating violence offline; the third group (4.2%), with abuse in the three contexts but less involved in sexual harassment online than the second group. The logistic regression analysis showed that justification of male dominance and violence was the main risk condition for inclusion in the second and third groups, followed by low self-esteem (for the third group) and risky sexual behaviors online (for the second and third groups). The findings based on these results are important for preventing male adolescent dating violence against women in the three male types detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Díaz-Aguado
- Unidad de Psicología Preventiva, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosario Martínez-Arias
- Unidad de Psicología Preventiva, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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15
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Choi HJ, Grigorian H, Garner A, Stuart GL, Temple JR. Polydrug Use and Dating Violence Among Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:2190-2217. [PMID: 32639843 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520934427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We examined sociodemographic and psychosocial risk factors that moderate the (poly) substance use and dating violence victimization and perpetration relationship among emerging adults. Using an ethnically diverse sample (N = 698), we used latent class analyses to identify mutually exclusive groups based on monthly and past-year substance use. We then examined these groups as they relate to dating violence victimization and perpetration and the moderating effect of various risk factors. Five classes were identified based on substance use patterns: (a) Regular Alcohol use, (b) Polysubstance use, (c) Heavy Alcohol and Marijuana use, (d) Mild Alcohol use, and (e) Occasional Alcohol and Marijuana use classes. Participants in the Polysubstance use class were the most likely to perpetrate dating violence followed by Heavy Alcohol and Marijuana use, Occasional Alcohol and Marijuana use, Regular Alcohol, and Mild Alcohol use classes. Similarly, participants in the Polysubstance use class were the most likely to be victims of dating violence followed by Occasional Alcohol and Marijuana, Heavy Alcohol and Marijuana, Regular Alcohol, and Mild Alcohol use classes. Depending on substance use class, gender, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, history of dating violence, and trauma symptoms differentially influenced dating violence perpetration and victimization at 1-year follow-up. Our findings support the need to comprehensively address dating violence among emerging adults. Intimate partner violence prevention and intervention programs may benefit from targeting emerging adults who misuse substances and incorporating substance use interventions into dating violence prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jeff R Temple
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, USA
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16
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Froidevaux NM, Metcalf S, Pettit C, Penner F, Sharp C, Borelli JL. The Link Between Adversity and Dating Violence Among Adolescents Hospitalized for Psychiatric Treatment: Parental Emotion Validation as a Candidate Protective Factor. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP3492-NP3527. [PMID: 32576062 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520926323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents are at risk for becoming victims or perpetrators for a variety of forms of dating violence, including cyber violence, physical violence, psychological abuse, and sexual abuse. Interestingly, a robust predictor of dating violence is adverse experiences during childhood; however, factors that could mitigate the risk of dating violence for those exposed to adversity have seldom been examined. Using the cumulative stress hypothesis as a lens, the current study examined severity of adverse experiences as a predictor of dating violence within a sample at risk for both victimization and perpetration of dating violence: An adolescent (12-17 years old; N = 137) sample who were receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. First, the current study aimed to replicate previous findings to determine whether adversity predicted dating violence and whether this varied by gender. Then, the current study examined one factor that could mitigate the relation between adversity and dating violence-parental emotion validation. High rates of maternal emotion validation resulted in no relation between adversity and dating violence perpetration and victimization; however, the relation was present at average and low levels of maternal emotion validation. Next, by adding gender as an additional moderator to the model, we found that high rates of paternal emotion validation extinguished the relation between adversity and dating violence perpetration, but only for adolescent boys. This pattern was not found for maternal emotion validation. Interestingly, the relation between adversity and dating violence victimization did not vary as a function of maternal or paternal validation of emotion for either child gender. These findings are discussed in terms of their meaning within this sample, possible future directions, and their implications for the prevention of dating violence.
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17
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Olmsted AE, Markham CM, Shegog R, Ugueto AM, Johnson EL, Peskin MF, Emery ST, Baker KA, Newlin EW. Feasibility and Acceptability of Technology-supported Sexual Health Education Among Adolescents Receiving Inpatient Psychiatric Care. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 31:2050-2064. [PMID: 35221643 PMCID: PMC8857392 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02259-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mental illness in adolescence is associated with high-risk sexual behaviors including multiple sex partners, infrequent or inconsistent condom use, and nonuse of contraception. Inpatient psychiatric care represents a promising setting to provide sexual health education. This pilot study investigates the feasibility and acceptability of online sexual health education in this group by assessing usability and impact on short-term psychosocial outcomes. We administered online modules on healthy relationships, pregnancy prevention, condom use, and sexually transmitted infection (STI) prevention to youth. We evaluated outcomes using a single group, pre/post-intervention design. One quality improvement session assessed staff acceptability of the programming. Participants included 51 inpatients (mean age = 15.3; 61% female; 57% Hispanic or Latino; 55% heterosexual). Overall, the program was feasible to administer and highly acceptable to youth (84-89% liked the modules, 98-100% found them easy to use, 96-100% found them credible, 91-98% said information would lead to healthier dating relationships, and 78-87% would refer to a friend). Youth who completed modules demonstrated improvement in several outcomes: attitudes and norms towards violence (p < 0.001), intention to use a method of birth control other than condoms if having sex in the next 3 months (p < 0.001), condom knowledge (p < 0.001), condom use self-efficacy (p < 0.001), condom beliefs (p = 0.04), HIV/STI knowledge (p < 0.001), and perceived susceptibility to STI (p < 0.01). The quality improvement session revealed high acceptability by nursing staff on the unit. This intervention could be useful and efficacious in an inpatient setting and larger studies are warranted to understand its full impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. Olmsted
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Christine M. Markham
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Ross Shegog
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | | | | | - Melissa F. Peskin
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Susan T. Emery
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Kimberley A. Baker
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7000 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030 USA
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18
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You S, Shin K. Influence of patriarchal sex-role attitudes on perpetration of dating violence. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Smith L, Jacob L, López-Sánchez GF, Grabovac I, Yang L, Pizzol D, Sigman A, McDermott D, Koyanagi A. A Multicountry Study of the Violence-Related Risk Factors for Early Sexual Debut and Risky Sexual Behavior in Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1275-NP1297. [PMID: 32517565 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520927502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of adolescent sexual intercourse and violence is high. However, to date, no study has investigated the association between violence and sexual behavior in a large representative sample of adolescents, while multicountry studies are also lacking. The objective was thus to examine the relationship between being physically attacked and physical fighting with sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, and non-condom use among adolescents aged 12 to 15 years from 43 low- and middle-income countries. Cross-sectional data from 127,513 adolescents participating in the Global School-based Student Health Survey 2003-2016 were analyzed. Data on being physically attacked and physical fighting were assessed through self-report. Data on sexual behavior were collected as follows: (a) ever having had intercourse; among those who reported having had intercourse, (b) multiple (≥2) lifetime sexual partners, and (c) condom use in last sexual intercourse. Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analysis with violence as the exposure and sexual behavior as the outcome, with odds ratios being estimated. Physical attack was dose-dependently and significantly associated with all three sexual behavior outcomes with it being associated with 1.42 (95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.16, 1.74]), 2.13 (95% CI = [1.39, 3.27]), and 1.48 (95% CI = [1.10, 2.00]) times higher odds for sexual intercourse, condom non-use, and multiple sex partners, respectively, when the highest category was compared with the lowest (i.e., ≥4 times vs. 0 times). As for physical fights, compared with not being in a fight in the past 12 months, being in a fight ≥4 times was associated with 2.34 (95% CI = [2.03, 2.70]) and 1.98 (95% CI = [1.56, 2.52]) times higher odds for sexual intercourse and multiple sex partners, respectively. In conclusion, in a large global sample of adolescents, physical attack and physical fight were associated with greater risk of engaging in sexual behavior. Multidimensional government programs and policies addressing violence in young adolescents may lead to reduction in early sexual debut and other risky sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Louis Jacob
- University of Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, Paris, France
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Lin Yang
- Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, Canada
- University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Damiano Pizzol
- Italian Agency for Development Cooperation, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Aric Sigman
- The All-Party Parliamentary Group on a Fit and Healthy Childhood, London, UK
| | | | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
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20
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Nardi-Rodríguez A, Pastor-Mira MÁ, López-Roig S, Pamies-Aubalat L, Martínez-Zaragoza F, Ferrer-Pérez VA. Predicting Abusive Behaviours in Spanish Adolescents' Relationships: Insights from the Reasoned Action Approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031441. [PMID: 35162457 PMCID: PMC8834858 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Partner violence prevention programmes do not produce the expected behavioural changes. Accordingly, experts suggest applying evidence-based behavioural models to identify the determinants of abusive behaviours. In this research, we applied the reasoned action approach (RAA) to predict the performance (boys) and acceptance (girls) of abusive behaviours in adolescents. (2) Method: We designed a questionnaire based on the RAA and performed a cross-sectional study. We analysed the predictive capacity of the RAA constructs on intentions with the sample of single adolescents (n = 1112). We replicated the analysis only with those who were in a relationship (n = 587) and in addition analysed the predictive capacity of intention on future behaviour (3 months later). (3) Results: The hierarchical regression analysis performed with the sample of single adolescents showed that the model explained 56% and 47% of the variance of boys’ intentions to perform the controlling and devaluing behaviours, respectively; and 62% and 33% of girls’ intention to accept them. With those in a relationship, the model explained 60% and 53% of the variance of boys’ intentions to perform the controlling and devaluating behaviour, respectively, and 70% and 38% of girls’ intention to accept them. Intention exerted direct effects on boys’ performance of controlling and devaluing behaviours (31% and 34% of explained variance, respectively) and on girls’ acceptance (30% and 7%, respectively). (4) Conclusions: The RAA seems useful to identify the motivational determinants of abusive behaviours, regardless of adolescents´ relationship status, and for their prediction. Perceived social norms emerge as a relevant predictor on which to intervene to produce behavioural changes with both sexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainara Nardi-Rodríguez
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.Á.P.-M.); (S.L.-R.); (L.P.-A.); (F.M.-Z.)
- Correspondence:
| | - María Ángeles Pastor-Mira
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.Á.P.-M.); (S.L.-R.); (L.P.-A.); (F.M.-Z.)
| | - Sofía López-Roig
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.Á.P.-M.); (S.L.-R.); (L.P.-A.); (F.M.-Z.)
| | - Lidia Pamies-Aubalat
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.Á.P.-M.); (S.L.-R.); (L.P.-A.); (F.M.-Z.)
| | - Fermín Martínez-Zaragoza
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Health, University Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche, Spain; (M.Á.P.-M.); (S.L.-R.); (L.P.-A.); (F.M.-Z.)
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21
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Eisner M. The gender symmetry problem in physical teen dating violence: A commentary and suggestions for a research agenda. New Dir Child Adolesc Dev 2021; 2021:157-168. [PMID: 34882953 DOI: 10.1002/cad.20443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dating violence is a serious manifestation of harmful behaviour during adolescence. During the past decades, considerable research has shed light on patterns, causes, and consequences of dating violence. One of the most notable findings emerging from widely used survey instruments is that female adolescents report perpetrating physical dating violence more or equally frequently as male adolescents. Similarly, male youth appear to equally frequently report that they have been victims of physical dating violence as female adolescents. This commentary reviews issues emerging from the debate on gender symmetry in dating violence and proposes directions for future research. It suggests that future research needs to consider three interrelated issues to advance the field, namely: to improve the understanding of differences in harm, advance the knowledge of gender differences in the short-term dynamics involved in conflict and aggression, and strengthen the evidence base on shared and gender-specific developmental aetiologies of dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Eisner
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Jacobs Centre for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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22
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Waterman EA, Edwards KM, Dardis CM, Kelley EL, Sessarego S. Assessing Intimate Partner Violence Via Daily Diary Surveys: Feasibility, Reporting, and Acceptability. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:9121-9142. [PMID: 31354013 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519865964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing number of research studies using experience sampling methodologies, little is known about feasibility of these methodologies to the study of intimate partner violence (IPV). In the current study, we examine (a) participant retention and completeness in a 3-week daily diary study, (b) the discrepancy between daily dairy reports of IPV and retrospective summary reports of IPV, and (c) participant reactions to a daily diary assessment of IPV experiences. Participants were 923 undergraduate students (primarily White, heterosexual, and middle to upper-middle class) at two medium-sized universities in New England and the Midwest who received course credit for completing daily diary surveys for 3 weeks about past 24-hour IPV experiences. At the end of the survey, participants summarized their IPV experiences across the 3-week period and answered questions about their reactions to participating in the research protocol. Of the students who completed the baseline survey, 460 (49.8%) were retained until the last day and 229 (24.8%) completed all 21 days. Participants reported higher incidence and frequency of IPV in the daily diaries compared with the retrospective summary measure. On average, participants reported low levels of negative reactions to research participation (e.g., increased fear of partner) and moderate levels of positive reactions to research participation (e.g., gaining insight). IPV victimization before the study, and IPV perpetration and victimization during the daily diary period, predicted negative reactions to research participation reported at the final assessment, whereas IPV perpetration during the daily diary period predicted positive reactions. Overall, findings suggest that although retention is challenging, daily diaries studies may improve accuracy of IPV reporting, and that participants have few negative responses to daily diary methodologies inquiring about IPV.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Erika L Kelley
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
- University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
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23
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Forke CM, Myers RK, Localio AR, Wiebe DJ, Fein JA, Grisso JA, Catallozzi M. Intimate Partner Violence: Childhood Witnessing and Subsequent Experiences of College Undergraduates. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP9670-NP9692. [PMID: 31288610 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519860909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Previous work links witnessing adult violence in the home during childhood ("witnessing") and adolescent relationship violence, but studies are limited to recent experiences with one or two outcomes, missing the holistic viewpoint describing lifetime experiences across multiple types of violence. We measured associations between witnessing and victimization (being harmed by violence) and perpetration (causing harm by violence) among males and females for the three most common types of adolescent relationship violence (physical, sexual, and emotional), and we assessed whether students experienced multiple outcomes ("polyvictimization/ polyperpetration"). We also compared sex-specific differences to assess for additive effect modification. We used an anonymous, cross-sectional survey with 907 undergraduates attending randomly selected classes at three urban East Coast colleges. Multiple logistic regression and marginal standardization were used to estimate predicted probabilities for each outcome among witnesses and non-witnesses; additive interaction by sex was assessed using quantifiable measures. 214 (24%) students reported witnessing and 403 (44%) students experienced adolescent relationship violence, with 162 (17.9%) and 37 (4.1%) experiencing polyvictimization and polyperpetration, respectively. Witnesses had higher risk than non-witnesses for physical, sexual, and emotional victimization and perpetration. Notably, witnesses also had higher risk for polyvictimization and polyperpetration. Additive effect modification by sex was insignificant at 95% confidence bounds, but distinct patterns emerged for males and females. Except for sexual victimization, female witnesses were more likely than female non-witnesses to experience all forms of victimization, including polyvictimization; they also had higher risk for perpetration, particularly physical perpetration. In contrast, victimization outcomes did not differ for male witnesses, but male witnesses were more likely than male non-witnesses to perpetrate all forms of violence, including polyperpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine M Forke
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
- University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | | | | | | | - Joel A Fein
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Marina Catallozzi
- Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
- Mailman School of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
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24
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Spencer CM, Toews ML, Anders KM, Emanuels SK. Risk Markers for Physical Teen Dating Violence Perpetration: A Meta-Analysis. TRAUMA, VIOLENCE & ABUSE 2021; 22:619-631. [PMID: 31514691 DOI: 10.1177/1524838019875700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Teen dating violence (TDV) is a common problem among adolescents and has been linked to various negative outcomes. This study used Dutton's nested ecological theory to examine risk markers for physical TDV perpetration and examine whether there are significant differences in the strength of risk markers between male and female adolescents. This meta-analysis included 37 studies yielding 126 unique effect sizes for risk markers for physical TDV perpetration in samples from the United States. In the microsystem level, a total of 14 risk markers were examined and in the ontogenetic level, 12 risk markers were examined. Our results revealed that, in the microsystem, physical TDV victimization was the strongest risk marker for physical TDV perpetration. On the ontogenetic level, externalizing behaviors, approval of violence, risky sexual behaviors, alcohol use, depression, and delinquency were the strongest risk markers for TDV perpetration. Conflict resolution skills and responsibility were protective markers against TDV perpetration. When comparing the strength of risk markers between males and females, we found that undifferentiated TDV perpetration and depression were significantly stronger risk markers for female perpetration than male perpetration. We also found that exhibiting controlling behaviors was a significantly stronger risk marker for male TDV perpetration than female TDV perpetration. These findings highlight the importance of the microsystem, specifically the dating relationship itself, when identifying adolescents at risk for TDV perpetration.
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25
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Reed LA, Ward LM, Tolman RM, Lippman JR, Seabrook RC. The Association Between Stereotypical Gender and Dating Beliefs and Digital Dating Abuse Perpetration in Adolescent Dating Relationships. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP5561-NP5585. [PMID: 30261802 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518801933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Digital media have become a significant context for adolescent dating relationships. As the use of social media and mobile phones increases, so do concerns that these media might be a context for "digital dating abuse" (DDA), or the use of digital media to harass, pressure, threaten, coerce, or monitor a dating partner. Although DDA has been shown to be common in adolescent dating relationships, little is known about the predictors of DDA perpetration or the role of stereotypical gender and dating beliefs in shaping these behaviors. This survey study of 703 high school students with dating experience investigated the role of gender beliefs in DDA perpetration using structural equation modeling. The survey included items pertaining to participants' digital media use, stereotypical gender and dating beliefs, and three types of DDA perpetration. Girls reported more frequent perpetration of some types of DDA, and boys expressed greater endorsement of stereotypical gender and dating beliefs. The data supported our hypothesized models, such that endorsement of stereotypical beliefs was associated with different types of DDA perpetration for girls and boys. Higher endorsement of stereotypical beliefs was related to perpetration of digital monitoring and control behaviors for girls, and to directly aggressive and hostile digital behaviors for boys. These patterns align with stereotypical gender roles. Associations with sexually coercive digital behaviors for both girls and boys are discussed. This study suggests that beyond the gender of the perpetrator, societal beliefs about gender and dating may shape the problematic use of digital media in dating relationships.
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26
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Doucette H, Collibee C, Rizzo CJ. A Review of Parent- and Family-based Prevention Efforts for Adolescent Dating Violence. AGGRESSION AND VIOLENT BEHAVIOR 2021; 58:101548. [PMID: 33613079 PMCID: PMC7888980 DOI: 10.1016/j.avb.2021.101548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prevention efforts for adolescent dating violence (ADV) have largely focused on adolescent-based interventions with little emphasis on parent- and family-based interventions, despite the integral role parents serve in adolescent relationship development. This literature review provides an overview of the existing parent- and family-based intervention efforts for ADV. This review highlights that some programs are geared toward a universal audience, whereas others are more targeted towards populations believed to be at greater risk for ADV. Some programs primarily target parents, whereas others integrate parent-based components into primarily adolescent-focused or comprehensive programs. Aspects to consider when selecting a program are discussed, as well as future directions. Suggested future directions involve broadening existing parent- and family-based programming for ADV to include a focus on secondary and tertiary prevention, gender differences, and gender and sexual minorities. This review also highlights the need for existing programs to expand their evaluation of behavioral outcomes and comparison of programs to one another.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charlene Collibee
- The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Bradley Hasbro Children’s Research Center, Providence, RI, USA
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27
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Hébert M, Lapierre A, MacIntosh HB, Ménard AD. A Review of Mediators in the Association between Child Sexual Abuse and Revictimization in Romantic Relationships. JOURNAL OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE 2021; 30:385-406. [PMID: 33006521 DOI: 10.1080/10538712.2020.1801936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is a widespread adverse experience that has multiple detrimental impacts in the long-term, affecting mental, sexual, and physical health of survivors. In addition, CSA may impede interpersonal functioning, and be associated with a heightened risk of revictimization. Recent review articles have summarized the possible risk factors associated with sexual revictimization, yet an increasing body of literature suggests that CSA may be a key risk factor for multiple forms (i.e., psychological, physical, sexual) of victimization occurring specifically in the context of intimate relationships, either in adolescence (dating violence) or adulthood (partner violence). Our understanding of the mechanisms linking CSA and dating violence or intimate partner violence is still limited. This systematic review of the literature is aimed at summarizing the identified mediators of the association between CSA and revictimization in romantic relationships in past empirical reports. A total of 18 studies meeting criteria were identified. Apart from PTSD, few potential mediators have been explored in more than one study. In addition, few studies have investigated protective factors that may reduce the risk of revictimization. Several limitations in the current literature were identified including issues related to definitions and measurement. Studies relying on longitudinal designs with representative samples are clearly needed to orient future prevention efforts and break the revictimization trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Hébert
- Department of Sexology, Université Du Québec À Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Andréanne Lapierre
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - A Dana Ménard
- Faculty of Science, University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada
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Pérez-Martínez V, Sanz-Barbero B, Ferrer-Cascales R, Bowes N, Ayala A, Sánchez-SanSegundo M, Albaladejo-Blázquez N, Rosati N, Neves S, Pereira Vieira C, Jankowiak B, Waszyńska K, Vives-Cases C. The Role of Social Support in Machismo and Acceptance of Violence Among Adolescents in Europe: Lights4Violence Baseline Results. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:922-929. [PMID: 33067152 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the potential association between social support, experiences of violence, and sociodemographic characteristics of adolescents and the likelihood of acceptance of violence and machismo in different European countries. METHODS Cross-sectional design. We recruited 1,555 participants ages 13-16 from secondary schools in Alicante (Spain), Rome (Italy), Iasi (Romania), Matosinhos (Portugal), Poznan (Poland), and Cardiff (UK). We used linear regression models to identify how social support from teachers and parents, experiences of violence-dating violence, bullying, cyberbullying, abuse in childhood-and sociodemographic characteristics were associated with violent thinking, specifically: machismo and acceptance of violence. The analysis was stratified by sex. RESULTS Acceptance of violence was higher for those who had lower perceived social support from parents (βgirls = -154, p < .001; βboys = -.114, p = .019) for both sexes. Perpetration of bullying and/or cyberbullying was associated with higher scores for machismo and acceptance of violence for both sexes (βgirls = .067, p = .035; βboys = .225, p < .001; (βgirls = .118, p < .001; βboys = .210, p < .001). Being the victim of dating violence, having suffered physical and/or sexual abuse in childhood, and lower perceived social support from teachers were associated with higher scores for both machismo and acceptance of violence. These associations differed between girls and boys. CONCLUSIONS Machismo and acceptance of violence are widely present amongst adolescents in different European countries. Our results suggest the importance of providing educational/psycho-educational interventions with boys and girls to prevent these attitudes and, in turn, prevent interpersonal violence, including bullying and dating violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Pérez-Martínez
- Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public health and History of Science Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Belén Sanz-Barbero
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Nicola Bowes
- Cardiff School of Sport and Health Sciences, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Alba Ayala
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Nicoletta Rosati
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA-Libera Universita Maria SS Assunta Di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Sofia Neves
- Instituto Universitário da Maia, Maia, Portugal
| | | | - Barbara Jankowiak
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public health and History of Science Department, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain; CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
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Ménard KS, Dowgwillo EA, Pincus AL. The Role of Gender, Child Maltreatment, Alcohol Expectancies, and Personality Pathology on Relationship Violence Among Undergraduates. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP4094-NP4114. [PMID: 29957098 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518784589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Male (n = 1,104) and female (n = 1,337) college students' self-report surveys on childhood maltreatment, alcohol expectancies, and narcissistic personality traits are examined to determine their associations with relationship violence. Intimate partner violence was measured using the violence subscales of the revised Conflict Tactics. Because we were interested in the effects of gender and because z tests of the correlations and t tests of means indicated men and women differed significantly on several variables, ordinary least squares regression models were run separately for men and women. Results suggest there are both gender similarities and differences. Relationship violence was associated with child sexual abuse for both men and women, whereas high scores on negative alcohol expectancies and vulnerable narcissism, and low scores on grandiose narcissism, were significantly associated with violence for men only. In addition, z tests revealed the regression coefficients for child sexual abuse and negative alcohol expectancies were significantly different for men and women. Child sexual abuse and alcohol expectancies had stronger associations with men's than women's violent behavior. In addition, the models explained a greater amount of variance in men's than in women's behavior. Policy implications of the research will be discussed.
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Courtain A, Glowacz F. Exploration of Dating Violence and Related Attitudes Among Adolescents and Emerging Adults. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP2975-NP2998. [PMID: 29669467 DOI: 10.1177/0886260518770185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Young people's romantic relationships can be marked with various forms of dating violence (DV). However, adolescents and emerging adults do not necessarily acknowledge this violence because of their attitudes toward dating violence. Our study aims to study dating violence and attitudes toward this phenomenon through two well-established questionnaires administered jointly in their entirety. Indeed, too many studies report results on some dimensions and items, neglecting the richness of available tools. The Conflict in Adolescent Dating Relationship Inventory and the Attitudes Toward Dating Violence Scale were self-administered to 1,014 participants (M age = 18.9) attending secondary schools or a regional college. They reported the frequency of their dating violence perpetration and victimization, and their attitudes toward dating violence. Results show that relational and sexual violence perpetration rates are higher for males, physical violence perpetration rate is higher for females, and relational violence victimization is higher for males. MANCOVAs not only show the same trends for scores but also underline more frequent emotional violence perpetrated by females, physical victimization for males, and sexual victimization for females. Males show higher tolerance toward every form of dating violence; younger participants are also more tolerant. Participants are more tolerant toward male-perpetrated psychological DV than female-perpetrated ones, and more tolerant toward female-perpetrated physical and sexual DV compared with male-perpetrated physical and sexual DV. There are patterns of multiperpetration, multivictimization, bidirectionality, and multi(in)tolerance. Our paper contributes to the symmetry debate, a better understanding of the link between attitudes and violent behaviors, a further step on gendered attitudes regarding who perpetrates and who sustains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Courtain
- Fund for Scientific Research - Fonds National de la Recherche Scientifique, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Psychologie Clinique de la Délinquance, des Inadaptations Sociales et des Processus d'Insertion ; Research Unit 'ARCh' (Adaptation, Resilience & Changement) - Université Liège, Belgium
| | - Fabienne Glowacz
- Service de Psychologie Clinique de la Délinquance, des Inadaptations Sociales et des Processus d'Insertion ; Research Unit 'ARCh' (Adaptation, Resilience & Changement) - Université Liège, Belgium
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Richardson H, Kloess JA, Patel A, Farr J. How do young people who have experienced parental intimate partner abuse make sense of romantic relationships? A qualitative analysis. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2021; 113:104942. [PMID: 33476806 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately one in five children in UK have experienced parental intimate partner abuse (IPA). Research suggests that this is one of the strongest predictors of interpersonal aggression within adult relationships, as well as having significant negative impacts on mental and physical health. Both Attachment Theory (Ainsworth & Bell, 1970; Bowlby, 1969) and Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977) attempt to explain this intergenerational cycle of abuse. OBJECTIVE In line with Birmingham City Council's Domestic Abuse Prevention Strategy 2016-2020, the present study aimed to qualitatively explore the way in which young people who have experienced parental IPA make sense of romantic relationships. PARTICIPANTS Six young people (females = 4, males = 2), aged between 10-13 years (M = 11.16, SD = 1.17), participated in the study. METHOD Semi-structured interviews were conducted, and the data were analysed using Framework Analysis to generate themes both inductively and deductively. RESULTS Three superordinate themes were identified, namely 'Recipe for a Healthy Relationship', 'When Things Go Wrong', and 'What is a Romantic Relationship?'. Concepts of equality and respect were frequently referenced by participants as part of the interviews. Findings are discussed in relation to practical implications and directions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollie Richardson
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.
| | - Juliane A Kloess
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jack Farr
- Centre for Applied Psychology, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK
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Debowska A, Boduszek D, Jones AD, Willmott D, Sherretts N. Gender-Based Violence-Supportive Cognitions in Adolescent Girls and Boys: The Function of Violence Exposure and Victimization. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:1233-1255. [PMID: 29294982 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517741628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Violence against women and girls is widespread in the Caribbean, which may be due to heightened acceptance of such acts in this specific social context. In spite of this, studies investigating attitudes toward violence and their correlates among participants drawn from the region are missing. To address this void in the literature, we examined associations between violence exposure and victimization and two gender-based violence-related cognitions (attitudes toward male physical domestic violence and social norms regarding physical violence against girls) as well as general beliefs about violence using structural equation modeling. Participants were a sample of adolescent girls (n = 661; M age = 13.15) and boys (n = 639; M age = 13.22) from two Eastern Caribbean countries, Barbados and Grenada, recruited from 10 primary schools, nine secondary schools, and two youth offender centers. In considering that girls and boys were previously demonstrated to differ in their experiences as well as tolerance of violence, structural models were specified and tested separately for the two sexes. Results indicated that violence victimization was positively strongly associated with attitudes toward male physical domestic violence and social norms regarding physical violence against girls among boys. Increased violence victimization among girls, in turn, correlated with increased acceptance of social norms regarding physical violence against girls, but this relationship was weak. Violence exposure did not have any significant associations with any of the attitudinal variables included in the study. We discuss the importance of these findings for the development of appropriate gender-based violence prevention strategies for youths from the Eastern Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniel Boduszek
- University of Huddersfield, UK
- SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Katowice, Poland
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Jankowiak B, Jaskulska S, Sanz-Barbero B, Ayala A, Pyżalski J, Bowes N, De Claire K, Neves S, Topa J, Rodríguez-Blázquez C, Davó-Blanes MC, Rosati N, Cinque M, Mocanu V, Ioan B, Chmura-Rutkowska I, Waszyńska K, Vives-Cases C. The Role of School Social Support and School Social Climate in Dating Violence Victimization Prevention among Adolescents in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17238935. [PMID: 33271817 PMCID: PMC7729437 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the article is to show the role of school social support and school social climate in dating violence victimization prevention among adolescents in Europe. Study participants were students from secondary schools (age 13-16) in Spain, Italy, Romania, Portugal, Poland and UK. The analysis in this text concern student with dating experience (n = 993) (57.2% of girls and 66.5% of boys). School social support was measured by School Social Climate, Factor 1 Scale (CECSCE) and by Student Social Support Scale (CASSS), subscales teachers and classmates. The association between school social support and different types of dating victimization (physical and/or sexual dating violence, control dating violence and fear) was measured by calculating the prevalence ratios and their 95% confidence intervals, estimated by Poisson regression models with robust variance. All the models were adjusted by country and by sociodemographic variables. The results show that the average values of all types of social support are significantly lower in young people who have suffered any type of dating violence or were scared of their partner. The likelihood of suffering physical and/or sexual dating violence decreased when school social support increased [PR (CI 95%): 0.96 (0.92; 0.99)]. In the same way, the likelihood of fear decreased when school social climate increased [PR (CI 95%): 0.98 (0.96; 0.99)].There is an association between school social support and school social climate and experiences of being victim of dating violence among adolescents in Europe. Our results suggest that in the prevention of dating violence building a supportive climate at schools and building/using the support of peers and teachers is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jankowiak
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (B.J.); (S.J.); (J.P.); (I.C.-R.); (K.W.)
| | - Sylwia Jaskulska
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (B.J.); (S.J.); (J.P.); (I.C.-R.); (K.W.)
| | - Belén Sanz-Barbero
- National School of Public Health, Carlos III Institute of Health, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - Alba Ayala
- University Institute on Gender Studies, University Carlos III of Madrid & Research Network on Health Services for Chronic Diseases (REDISSEC), 28903 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Jacek Pyżalski
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (B.J.); (S.J.); (J.P.); (I.C.-R.); (K.W.)
| | - Nicola Bowes
- Department of Applied Psychology, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK; (N.B.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Karen De Claire
- Department of Applied Psychology, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff CF52YB, UK; (N.B.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Sofia Neves
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal; (S.N.); (J.T.)
- CIEG (ISCSP-ULisbon), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Topa
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, Institute University of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal; (S.N.); (J.T.)
- CIEG (ISCSP-ULisbon), 1300-663 Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - María Carmen Davó-Blanes
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
| | - Nicoletta Rosati
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, 00193 Roma, Italy; (N.R.); (M.C.)
| | - María Cinque
- Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, 00193 Roma, Italy; (N.R.); (M.C.)
| | - Veronica Mocanu
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.M.); (B.I.)
| | - Beatrice Ioan
- Faculty of Medicine, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (V.M.); (B.I.)
| | - Iwona Chmura-Rutkowska
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (B.J.); (S.J.); (J.P.); (I.C.-R.); (K.W.)
| | - Katarzyna Waszyńska
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznan, Poland; (B.J.); (S.J.); (J.P.); (I.C.-R.); (K.W.)
| | - Carmen Vives-Cases
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Community Nursing, Preventive Medicine and Public Health and History of Science, University of Alicante, 03690 Alicante, Spain;
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Van Ouytsel J, Ponnet K, Walrave M. Cyber Dating Abuse: Investigating Digital Monitoring Behaviors Among Adolescents From a Social Learning Perspective. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5157-5178. [PMID: 29294845 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517719538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Just as with other forms of abuse such as bullying, dating violence is no longer limited to physical spaces. Several forms of dating violence can also be perpetrated by means of technology. Few studies have used a theoretical perspective to investigate cyber dating abuse. This study addresses this gap in the literature by focusing on the perpetration of digital monitoring behaviors-a form of cyber dating abuse-from a social learning perspective. We investigate the extent to which perceived social norms about cyber dating abuse, witnessing controlling behaviors among parents, and endorsing gender stereotypes are linked with adolescents' engagement in digital monitoring behaviors. The study draws on data from 466 secondary school students (71.0% girls, n = 331) aged between 16 and 22 years (M = 17.99 years, SD = 0.92) in Flanders, Belgium, who were in a romantic relationship. Linear regression analysis indicates that being female, being older, the perceived social norms of peers, the endorsement of gender stereotypes, and having observed intrusive controlling behaviors by the father are significantly and positively related to adolescents' perpetration of digital monitoring behaviors. The findings have implications for practice and underscore the need for prevention efforts to address and lower the influence of these perceived social norms. Further implications include the need for prevention efforts to focus on diminishing the impact of gender stereotypical attitudes and the influence of witnessing controlling behaviors within the family context on cyber dating abuse perpetration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Koen Ponnet
- University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Ghent University, Belgium
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35
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Katz CC, Courtney ME, Sapiro B. Emancipated Foster Youth and Intimate Partner Violence: An Exploration of Risk and Protective Factors. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:5469-5499. [PMID: 29294849 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517720735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to their high rates of parental maltreatment and violence exposure, youth in the foster care system are considered particularly vulnerable to experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in adolescence and young adulthood. Those who have emancipated from foster care may be at a heightened risk, as they are significantly more likely to struggle in a variety of critical domains (i.e., mental health, substance use, and delinquency). This longitudinal study is the first to explore the impact of demographic, individual, family, and foster care system factors on IPV involvement for foster care alumni at age 23/24. Analyses were conducted on three waves of quantitative data from the Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth (the Midwest Study). We find that approximately 21% of the young adults in our sample were involved in some type of IPV at age 23/24, with bidirectional violence the most commonly reported form. Males were more likely than females to report IPV victimization, whereas females were more likely than males to report IPV perpetration and bidirectional violence. Young adults who reported parental IPV prior to foster care entry were more likely to be involved in bidirectionally violent partnerships than nonviolent partnerships in young adulthood, as were young adults who reported neglect by a foster caregiver and those who reported greater placement instability while in the foster care system. Anxiety at baseline increased the odds of IPV perpetration at age 23/24, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at baseline decreased the odds of IPV perpetration at age 23/24. Understanding the characteristics and experiences that place these young adults at risk for IPV will allow for more effective and targeted prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen C Katz
- Hunter College, City University of New York, New York City, USA
| | | | - Beth Sapiro
- Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, USA
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Project STRONG: an Online, Parent-Son Intervention for the Prevention of Dating Violence among Early Adolescent Boys. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2020; 22:193-204. [PMID: 32940857 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01168-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Despite broad calls for prevention programs to reduce adolescent dating violence (DV), there is a dearth of programs designed specifically for males. In fact, there are no programs that capitalize on the importance of parents in modeling and influencing the choices their sons make in future romantic relationships. To address these gaps, this study assessed the initial feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of an online, parent-son intervention (STRONG) aimed at reducing DV among early adolescent males. One-hundred nineteen 7th- and 8th-grade boys were recruited, with a parent (90% mothers), from six urban middle schools in the Providence, RI area. Dyads were randomized to either STRONG or a waitlist comparison group. STRONG targets three primary constructs: relationship health knowledge, emotion regulation, and communication. Families randomized to the waitlist were nearly twice as likely at 3 months (OR = 1.92 [0.43-8.60]) and nearly 7 times as likely at 9 months (OR = 6.76 [0.66-69.59]) to endorse any form of DV perpetration (physical, sexual, verbal/emotional) when compared with STRONG families. STRONG also had positive effects on teens' attitudes toward dealing with DV, their emotional awareness, and their short-term regulation skills and was associated with increased discussion of critical relationship topics. Pilot outcomes indicate that an online DV prevention program designed to engage early adolescent boys and parents is both acceptable and engaging. Findings show promise for reducing DV behaviors and theory-driven mediators. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03109184.
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Al-Modallal H, Mudallal R, Abujilban S, Hamaideh S, Mrayan L. Physical violence in college women: Psychometric evaluation of the safe dates-physical violence victimization scale. Health Care Women Int 2020; 41:949-964. [PMID: 32915698 DOI: 10.1080/07399332.2020.1806281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Researchers examined psychometric characteristics of the Safe Dates-Physical Violence Victimization scale in 97 Jordanian college women. Reliability coefficient and Principal Components Analysis were used. Construct validity was examined using independent samples t-test. Cronbach's alpha of 0.80 was yielded. Two dimensions (injury-causing tactics and threatening tactics) were identified. Using construct validity analysis, researchers indicated significant differences in the mean depression, anxiety, stress, and childhood victimization scores among women reporting physical violence, compared to their counterparts. College women possess psychological stressors due to academic and social responsibilities. Such stressors influence their decision to leave the partner which adversely impacts their psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan Al-Modallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Rola Mudallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Sanaa Abujilban
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Family Health Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Shaher Hamaideh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Lina Mrayan
- Department of Maternal, Child, and Family Health Nursing, Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
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Ruel C, Lavoie F, Hébert M, Blais M. Gender's Role in Exposure to Interparental Violence, Acceptance of Violence, Self-Efficacy, and Physical Teen Dating Violence Among Quebec Adolescents. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:3079-3101. [PMID: 29294745 PMCID: PMC5770208 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517707311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite efforts to prevent physical teen dating violence, it remains a major public health issue with multiple negative consequences. This study aims to investigate gender differences in the relationships between exposure to interparental violence (mother-to-father violence, father-to-mother violence), acceptance of dating violence (perpetrated by boys, perpetrated by girls), and self-efficacy to disclose teen dating violence. Data were drawn from Waves 1 and 2 of the Quebec Youth Romantic Relationships Project, conducted with a representative sample of Quebec high school students. Analyses were conducted on a subsample of 2,564 teenagers who had been in a dating relationship in the past 6 months (63.8% girls, mean age of 15.3 years). Path analyses were conducted to investigate the links among exposure to interparental violence, acceptance of violence, self-efficacy to disclose teen dating violence (measured at Wave 1), and physical teen dating violence (measured at Wave 2). General exposure to interparental violence was linked, through acceptance of girl-perpetrated violence, to victimization among both genders and to girls' perpetration of physical teen dating violence. No significant difference was identified in the impact of the gender of the perpetrating parent when considering exposure to interparental violence. Self-efficacy to disclose personal experiences of violence was not linked to exposure to interparental violence or to experiences of physical teen dating violence. The findings support the intergenerational transmission of violence. Moreover, the findings underline the importance of targeting acceptance of violence, especially girl-perpetrated violence, in prevention programs and of intervening with children and adolescents who have witnessed interparental violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Ruel
- Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine Savard, Québec, Canada
| | - Francine Lavoie
- Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine Savard, Québec, Canada
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Joppa MC. Dating Violence in Adolescence: Implications for Girls' Sexual Health. J Pediatr Adolesc Gynecol 2020; 33:332-338. [PMID: 32087402 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpag.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents in the United States are too often involved in relationships characterized by coercion and violence. An emerging body of research suggests that dating violence is linked with other health risks in adolescent relationships, particularly sexual risk behavior. The confluence of risks conferred by dating violence and sexual risk behavior are particularly acute for adolescent girls. Adolescent gynecology providers need to understand the nature of dating violence in adolescence and the ways in which dating violence and sexual risk behavior are mutually influential. This article reviews the literature on the links between dating violence and sexual risk in adolescent girls' relationships. The prevalence, risk factors, and consequences of dating violence in adolescence are discussed, followed by a review of the research linking dating violence and sexual risk, with a focus on common mechanisms underlying these relationship risk behaviors. The review concludes with implications for screening, prevention, intervention, and future directions for research.
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Paat YF, Markham C, Peskin M. Co-occurrence of Dating Violence Victimization Subtypes: Assessing the Influence of Family Factors, Dating Attitudes, Risky Behaviors, and the Moderating Effect of Gender Among School-Aged Teens. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2020; 35:467-502. [PMID: 32788333 PMCID: PMC10080731 DOI: 10.1891/vv-d-18-00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Using data from a nationally representative sample of school-aged teens (n = 795), this study examined covariates associated with three subtypes of dating violence victimization (physical violence, emotional abuse, and imposed isolation). We asked the research questions: What were the family factors, dating attitudes, and risky behaviors associated with three subtypes of dating violence victimization across two time points? Second, were these relationships moderated by gender? Overall, we found widespread co-occurrence of victimization. Contrary to our predictions, not all earlier experiences with dating violence victimization worsened or persisted overtime. Regarding family factors, we did not find substantial statistically significant effects on victimization, with the exception that greater openness with parents was associated with increased occurrence of emotional abuse at Wave 1. In terms of dating attitudes, we found that when respondents condoned violence against a girlfriend, they were more likely to experience physical violence victimization at both waves. Respondents who believed that it is okay to use violence to control a boyfriend's behavior were more likely to report emotional abuse at Wave 1. Similarly, respondents who believed that it is okay to date more than one person, as well as those who condoned sexual intercourse outside of a romantic relationship, were more susceptible to emotional abuse. Regarding risky behaviors, we found that the respondents' victimization experience did not increase with a greater sexual partner acquisition; rather, it exerted the opposite effect on their experience with physical violence victimization. These risky behaviors, however, were only statistically significant at Wave 1. Finally, the moderating effect of gender is noted in the study. Implications from the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yok-Fong Paat
- Department of Social Work, The University of Texas, El Paso, Texas
| | - Christine Markham
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Melissa Peskin
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas
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Fernández-González L, Calvete E, Orue I. Adolescent Dating Violence Stability and Mutuality: A 4-Year Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:2012-2032. [PMID: 29294700 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517699953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This 4-year longitudinal study explored the stability of dating violence (DV) during adolescence and the reciprocal associations between perpetration and victimization over time. Participants were 991 high school students (52.4% females; mean age at baseline = 14.80 years) from Bizkaia (Spain), who completed a measure of DV perpetration and victimization at four measurement points spaced 1 year apart. Findings evidenced stability of teen perpetration and victimization of DV, which appears to increase in late adolescence. Moreover, longitudinal reciprocal influences were demonstrated, but in general, the cross-lagged paths from one's partner's aggression to one's own perpetration and vice versa were lower than the autoregressive paths obtained from stability. The model showed an adequate fit for both females and males, although some paths were significantly higher for the females than for the males. Preventive interventions should consider these findings about stability and longitudinal reciprocal associations of DV during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Calvete
- University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Izaskun Orue
- University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, Bilbao, Spain
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Stonard KE. “Technology was designed for this”: Adolescents’ perceptions of the role and impact of the use of technology in cyber dating violence. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2019.106211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Espelage DL, Leemis RW, Niolon PH, Kearns M, Basile KC, Davis JP. Teen Dating Violence Perpetration: Protective Factor Trajectories from Middle to High School among Adolescents. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:170-188. [PMID: 31169951 PMCID: PMC6895399 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Protecting adolescents from the risk of teen dating violence (TDV) perpetration is critical to enhancing prevention efforts. This study examined longitudinal trajectories of four protective factors (i.e., empathy, social support, parental monitoring, and school belonging) across adolescence in relation to four TDV types (i.e., verbal, relational, physical, and sexual). Adolescents (n = 1,668) who reported being in a relationship or dating during high school completed self-report measures from middle through high school. Results indicated that all protective factors differentiated between TDV perpetrators and nonperpetrators, although these trajectories varied for boys and for girls and across the different types of TDV. Overall, youth who did not perpetrate TDV in high school generally displayed higher protective factors across the TDV perpetration types.
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Kelmendi K, Baumgartner F. Exploring Violence Socialization and Approval of Intimate Partner Violence Among University Students in Kosovo. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2020; 35:1081-1107. [PMID: 29294658 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517692336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) among university students is a prevalent problem in many countries; however, it is not currently recognized in Kosovo as a social issue in terms of research, prevention, and intervention. The aim of this article was to examine the relationship between violence socialization experiences, approval of violence, and IPV perpetration/victimization among university students in Kosovo. The questionnaires were administrated to a convenience sample of 700 students of University of Prishtina who were in relationship for 1 month or longer. The Revised Conflict Tactics Scale (CTS-2) was used for measuring physical, psychological, and sexual violence, whereas for measuring violence socialization and violence approval, scales from Personal and Relationships Profile (PRP) were used. Findings from this study show that there were statistically significant gender differences in terms of socialization and approval of violence among university students. Similarly, perpetrators and victims of IPV (physical, psychological, and sexual violence) showed higher rates of socialization of violence and tolerance toward IPV. Besides, findings indicate that approval of violence mediates the relationship between socialization of violence and IPV perpetration and victimization, for both genders. The implications of the current findings within a cultural context are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaltrina Kelmendi
- University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosovo
- Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Meiksin R, Crichton J, Dodd M, Morgan GS, Williams P, Willmott M, Allen E, Tilouche N, Sturgess J, Morris S, Barter C, Young H, Melendez-Torres GJ, Taylor B, Reyes HLM, Elbourne D, Sweeting H, Hunt K, Ponsford R, Campbell R, Bonell C. A school intervention for 13- to 15-year-olds to prevent dating and relationship violence: the Project Respect pilot cluster RCT. PUBLIC HEALTH RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.3310/phr08050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
‘Dating and relationship violence’ is intimate partner violence during adolescence. Among dating adolescents in England, 66–75% of girls and 32–50% of boys report victimisation. Multicomponent school-based interventions might reduce dating and relationship violence. We optimised and piloted Project Respect, a new intervention in secondary schools in England, and study methods, to assess the value of a Phase III randomised controlled trial.
Objectives
To optimise Project Respect and to then conduct a pilot randomised controlled trial in southern England, addressing whether or not progression to a Phase III trial is justified in terms of prespecified criteria. To assess which of two dating and relationship violence scales is optimal, to assess response rates and to consider any necessary refinements.
Design
Optimisation activities aimed at intervention development and a pilot randomised controlled trial.
Setting
Optimisation in four secondary schools across southern England, varying by region and local deprivation. A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial in six other such schools (four intervention schools and two control schools), varying by region, attainment and local deprivation.
Participants
School students in years 8–10 at baseline and staff.
Interventions
Schools were randomised to the intervention or control arm in a 2 : 1 ratio; intervention comprised staff training, mapping ‘hotspots’ in school for dating and relationship violence, modifying staff patrols, school policy review, informing parents and carers, an application supporting student help-seeking, and a classroom curriculum for students in years 9 and 10 (including student-led campaigns).
Main outcome measures
Prespecified criteria for progression to Phase III of the trial, concerning acceptability, feasibility, fidelity and response rates. Primary health outcomes were assessed using the Safe Dates and short Conflicts in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory measures collected and analysed by individuals who were masked to allocation. Feasibility of economic analysis was assessed.
Data sources
Baseline and follow-up student and staff surveys, interviews, observations and logbooks.
Results
The intervention was optimised and approved by the Study Steering Committee. The student response rates in intervention and control groups were 1057 (84.8%) and 369 (76.6%) at baseline, and 1177 (76.8%) and 352 (83.4%) at follow-up, respectively. Safe Dates and the short Conflicts in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory had high levels of completion and reliability. At follow-up, prevalence of past-year dating and relationship violence victimisation was around 35% (Safe Dates scale and short Conflicts in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory). Staff response rates were very low. Training occurred in all four schools, with suboptimal fidelity. The curriculum was delivered with optimal fidelity in three schools. Other components were delivered inconsistently. Dating and relationship violence was addressed in control schools via violence prevention and responses, but not systematically. Intervention acceptability among students and staff was mixed. An economic evaluation would be feasible.
Limitations
One school did not undertake baseline surveys. Staff survey response rates were low and completion of the logbook was patchy.
Conclusions
Our findings suggest that progression to a Phase III trial of this intervention is not indicated because of limited fidelity and acceptability.
Future work
High prevalence of dating and relationship violence highlights the ongoing need for effective intervention. Potential intervention refinements would include more external support for schools and enhanced curriculum materials. Any future randomised controlled trials could consider having a longer lead-in from randomisation to intervention commencement, using the short Conflicts in Adolescent Dating Relationships Inventory as the primary outcome and not relying on staff surveys.
Trial registration
Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN65324176.
Funding
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 8, No. 5. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Meiksin
- Department of Public Health, Society and Environments, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Jo Crichton
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Matthew Dodd
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Gemma S Morgan
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Pippa Williams
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Micky Willmott
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Elizabeth Allen
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Nerissa Tilouche
- Department of Public Health, Society and Environments, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Joanna Sturgess
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Steve Morris
- Department of Applied Health Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christine Barter
- School of Social Work, Care and Community, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Honor Young
- School of Social Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | | | | | - Diana Elbourne
- Department of Medical Statistics, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Helen Sweeting
- Medical Research Council/Chief Scientist Office Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing, University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
| | - Ruth Ponsford
- Department of Public Health, Society and Environments, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Rona Campbell
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chris Bonell
- Department of Public Health, Society and Environments, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Copp JE, Taylor BG, Mumford EA. Financial Behaviors, Couple-Level Conflict, and Adolescent Relationship Abuse: Longitudinal Results From a Nationally Representative Sample. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30 Suppl 1:255-269. [PMID: 30566263 PMCID: PMC7439211 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Financial disagreements have been identified as a severe source of discord in adult relationships, yet limited work has considered whether financial considerations contribute to conflict among younger samples. Drawing on longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents, the current investigation examined the extent to which money lending practices, feelings of financial resentment, and exposure to economic control contribute to couple-level interactions, and in turn, to conflict that escalates to the point of violence. Findings provide evidence of an association between adolescent financial behaviors and concurrent conflict due to economic considerations. Moreover, conflict due to economic considerations was an important predictor of future adolescent relationship abuse perpetration. We discuss the implications of our findings for intervention/prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer E. Copp
- Florida State University, College of Criminology and Criminal Justice, 112 S. Copeland St., Tallahassee, FL 32306. Phone: (850) 645-2305
| | - Bruce G. Taylor
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East-West Highway 8th Floor
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Taylor BG, Mumford EA, Okeke N, Rothman E. Neighborhood violent crime and adolescent relationship aggression. Aggress Behav 2020; 46:25-36. [PMID: 31736100 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Research has shown that neighborhoods play a role in the etiology of violence. However, few adolescent relationship aggression (ARA) studies have objective measures of violent neighborhoods. Drawing on a nationally representative sample of youth, this study examines the association between ARA and local levels of violent crime (measured using geocoded Uniform Crime Report data from each of the youths' residential neighborhoods). Study analyses are based on survey data from 723 youth (ages 10-18) in current or recent dating relationships (351 males and 372 females) in the Survey on Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV), a national representative household panel survey exploring interpersonal violence and related aggression among adolescents. About 19% of the sample reported ARA victimization in their most recent dating relationship (ARA perpetration was 17%). Neighborhood violent crime in the study (males living in 86.9 and females 99.8) was slightly lower than the national average of 100. With a broad national sample, 40% non-Whites, hypotheses guided by theories of neighborhood influence were tested. The study did not find an association between neighborhood violent crime and ARA victimization and perpetration, controlling for key demographic factors. The results, for a broad range of high- and low-crime neighborhoods, suggest that neighborhood violence does not seem to affect individual rates of ARA. The results suggest the ARA victimization and perpetration are perhaps ubiquitous and found both in low and high violent crime neighborhoods, suggesting that addressing local violent crime rates alone does not seem to be a path to also reducing ARA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nnenna Okeke
- NORC at the University of Chicago Bethesda Maryland
| | - Emily Rothman
- Department of Community Health SciencesBoston University School of Public Health Boston Massachusetts
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Orue I, Calvete E. Homophobic Bullying in Schools: The Role of Homophobic Attitudes and Exposure to Homophobic Aggression. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.17105/spr-2017-0063.v47-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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49
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Profiles of Adolescent Relationship Abuse and Sexual Harassment: a Latent Class Analysis. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2019; 21:377-387. [PMID: 31811512 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-019-01075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to identify homogeneous groups of individuals based on self-reported victimization and perpetration of three subtypes of adolescent relationship abuse (ARA; physical, psychological, and sexual) and sexual harassment (SH). Study sample consists of 645 current or past-year daters aged 12-21, drawn from the National Survey on Teen Relationships and Intimate Violence (STRiV). Latent class analysis was used to classify individuals, and a three-class model was selected (Low ARA-Low SH, High ARA-High SH, and Psychological ARA-Medium SH). Results provide evidence for three latent classes with varying patterns of ARA and SH. A number of exogenous variables were significantly associated with these patterns, e.g., youth who were previously exposed to any general violence were three times as likely to be in the High ARA-High SH class as those not previously exposed to violence. Adolescent relationship abuse prevention efforts should include activities to address sexual harassment, and vice versa. Results call for universal preventive intervention programs targeting adolescent relationship abuse and sexual harassment to start as early as adolescence, and the existence of the High ARA-High SH group supports the need for more targeted effort to interrupt such patterns.
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50
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Ybarra ML, Langhinrichsen‐Rohling J. Linkages between violence-associated attitudes and psychological, physical, and sexual dating abuse perpetration and victimization among male and female adolescents. Aggress Behav 2019; 45:622-634. [PMID: 31448435 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Attitudes about violence and sex in dating relationships were related to psychological, physical, and sexual teen dating abuse perpetration and victimization. Data from Wave 4 of the national, randomly selected, Growing up with Media cohort (n = 876 adolescents aged 14-19 years), collected in 2011, were analyzed. Dating youth perceived more peer pressure to have sex and were more accepting of sex in brief or nonmarital relationships than pre-dating youth. Boys had higher levels of rape-supportive attitudes than girls. Among dating youth, the relative odds of involvement in teen dating abuse as a perpetrator or a victim were generally associated with greater acceptance of relationship violence, perceived peer pressure to have sex, and acceptance of sex in brief and/or nonmarital relationships. Rape-supportive attitudes were not significantly associated with any type of teen dating abuse involvement. Programs aimed at preventing dating abuse might benefit from targeting attitudes associated with sexual activity as well as relationship violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele L. Ybarra
- Center for Innovative Public Health Research San Clemente California
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