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Yao Y, Lin HT, Chen YH, Chen LL, Zhang HL, Fu HY, Gao SJ, Wang R, Feng HL, Wang JD. Salivary Protein Sfapyrase of Spodoptera frugiperda Stimulates Plant Defence Response. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2024. [PMID: 39262278 DOI: 10.1111/pce.15121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 08/12/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Plants have developed various resistance mechanisms against herbivorous insects through prolonged coevolution. Plant defence responses can be triggered by specific compounds present in insect saliva. Apyrase, a known enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into adenosine monophosphate (AMP) and inorganic phosphorus, has recently been identified in some herbivorous insects. However, whether insect salivary apyrase induces or inhibits plant responses remains poorly understood. In this study, we identified an apyrase-like protein in the salivary proteome of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, named Sfapyrase. Sfapyrase was primarily expressed in the salivary gland and secreted into plants during insect feeding. Transient expression of Sfapyrase in tobacco and maize enhanced plant resistance and resulted in decreased insect feeding. Knockdown of Sfapyrase through RNA interference led to increased growth and feeding of S. frugiperda. Furthermore, we showed that Sfapyrase activates the jasmonic acid signalling pathway and promotes the synthesis of secondary metabolites, especially benzoxazinoids, thereby enhancing resistance to S. frugiperda. In summary, our findings demonstrated that Sfapyrase acts as a salivary elicitor, inducing maize jasmonic acid defence responses and the production of insect-resistant benzoxazinoids. This study provides valuable insights into plant-insect interactions and offers potential targets for developing innovative insect pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huan-Tai Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yao-Hui Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li-Lan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui-Li Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hua-Ying Fu
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - San-Ji Gao
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Institute of Plant Protection, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Lin Feng
- Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Jin-da Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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Bühler A, Schweiger R. Niche construction and niche choice by aphids infesting wheat ears. Oecologia 2024:10.1007/s00442-024-05612-0. [PMID: 39227465 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-024-05612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
The niche of aphids is largely defined by their consumption of plant phloem sap and its composition, including nutrients and specialized metabolites. Niche construction is the change of the environment by organisms, which may influence the fitness of these organisms and their offspring. To better understand interactions between plants and aphids, it is necessary to investigate whether aphids modify the chemical composition of the phloem sap of their host plants and whether conspecifics are affected by previous infestation. In the current study, ears of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plants were infested with clonal lineages of the English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae) or were left uninfested. The metabolic composition of ear phloem sap exudates was analyzed through amino acid profiling and metabolic fingerprinting. Aphids of the clonal lineages were either put on previously aphid-infested or on uninfested ears and their colony sizes followed over time. Furthermore, it was investigated whether aphids choose one treatment group over another. Sitobion avenae infestation affected the relative concentrations of some metabolites in the phloem exudates of the ears. Compared to uninfested plants, the relative concentration of asparagine was higher after aphid infestation. Colonies grew significantly larger on previously aphid-infested ears, which the aphids also clearly chose in the choice experiment. The pronounced positive effect of previous infestation on aphid colonies indicates niche construction, while the choice of these constructed niches reveals niche choice by S. avenae on wheat. The interplay between these different niche realization processes highlights the complexity of interactions between aphids and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Bühler
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Rabea Schweiger
- Department of Chemical Ecology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
- Joint Institute for Individualisation in a Changing Environment (JICE), University of Münster and Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.
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3
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Zhang X, Li P, Tang Y, Mu YP, Liu J, Wang MY, Wang W, Mao YB. The proteomic landscape of fall armyworm oral secretion reveals its role in plant adaptation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4175-4185. [PMID: 38587094 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fall armyworm (FAW, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)) is a polyphagous agricultural pest with rapidly evolving adaptations to host plants. We found the oral secretion (OS) of FAW from different plants influences plant defense response differentially, suggesting its role in adapting to host plants. However, the protein expression profile of FAW OS respond to different plants is largely unknown. RESULTS Here, from the mass spectrometry assay, we identified a total of 256 proteins in the OS of FAW fed on cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.), tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana Domin), maize (Zea mays L.) and artificial diet. The FAW OS primarily comprise of 60 proteases, 32 esterases and 92 non-enzymatic proteins. It displays high plasticity across different diets. We found that more than half of the esterases are lipases which have been reported as insect elicitors to enhance plant defense response. The lipase accumulation in cotton-fed larvae was the highest, followed by maize-fed larvae. In the presence of lipase inhibitors, the enhanced induction on defense genes in wounded leaves by OS was attenuated. However, the putative effectors were most highly accumulated in the OS from FAW larvae fed on maize compared to those fed on other diets. We identified that one of them (VRLP4) reduces the OS-mediated induction on defense genes in wounded leaves. CONCLUSION Together, our investigation presents the proteomic landscape of the OS of FAW influenced by different diets and reveals diet-mediated plasticity of OS is involved in FAW adaptation to host plants. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pai Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Tang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Pei Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mu-Yang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Bo Mao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental and Evolutionary Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, University of CAS, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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4
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Gill GS, Lu HB, Bui H, Clark RM, Ramirez RA. Short-term responses of spider mites inform mechanisms of maize resistance to a generalist herbivore. Sci Rep 2024; 14:19607. [PMID: 39179737 PMCID: PMC11344065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-70568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants are attacked by diverse herbivorous pests with different host specializations. While host plant resistance influences pest pressure, how resistance impacts the behaviors of generalist and specialist herbivores, and the relationship to resistance, is less well known. Here, we investigated the short-term (< 1 h) behavioral changes of a generalist herbivore, the two-spotted spider mite (TSM), and a specialist herbivore, the Banks grass mite (BGM), after introduction to no-choice Tanglefoot leaf-arenas (2 × 2 cm) of three maize inbred lines (B73, B75, and B96). The widely-used inbred line B73 is susceptible to spider mites, while B75 and B96 are known to be mite resistant, especially to TSM. Video tracking was used to record TSM and BGM walking, probing, feeding, resting, web-building and travel distance on arenas of each line. Mite oviposition was also recorded after 72 h. B75, a resistant line, decreased the feeding behavior (i.e., time) of both mite species compared to B73 (susceptible control) and B96. Moreover, TSM appeared to be sensitive to both resistant lines (B75 and B96) with reduced oviposition, and increased resting and web-building times compared to susceptible B73. In contrast, the specialist BGM showed no difference in oviposition, resting and web-building time across all maize inbred lines. Our findings of quite broad and short-term responses of TSM to B75 and B96 are consistent with a role for constitutive or rapidly induced plant defenses in maize in conferring TSM resistance. Other mechanisms of plant resistance may be needed, however, for defense against specialists like BGM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hsuan B Lu
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Science, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Huyen Bui
- R&D Genetic, ARUP Laboratories, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | - Richard M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ricardo A Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA.
- Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology, and Weed Science, New Mexico State University, 945 College Avenue, MSC 3BE, Las Cruces, NM, 88003-8003, USA.
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Cai Y, Shi Z, Zhao P, Yang Y, Cui Y, Tian M, Wang J. Temporal transcriptome and metabolome study revealed molecular mechanisms underlying rose responses to red spider mite infestation and predatory mite antagonism. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1436429. [PMID: 39224847 PMCID: PMC11368075 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1436429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Red spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) infestation (SMI) is a detrimental factor for roses grown indoors. Although predatory mite (Neoseiulus californicus) antagonism (PMA) is often utilized to alleviate SMI damage, little is known about the defensive response of greenhouse-grown roses to SMI and the molecular mechanism by which PMA protects roses. Methods To determine the transcriptome and metabolome responses of roses to SMI and PMA, the leaves of a rose cultivar ("Fairy Zixia/Nightingale") were infested with T. urticae, followed by the introduction of predator mite. Leaf samples were collected at various time points and subjected to transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Results We found that 24 h of SMI exerted the most changes in the expression of defense-related genes and metabolites in rose leaves. KEGG pathway analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolites revealed that rose responses to SMI and PMA were primarily enriched in pathways such as sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis, phytosterol biosynthesis, MAPK signaling pathway, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and other pathways associated with resistance to biotic stress. Rose reacted to SMI and PMA by increasing the expression of structural genes and metabolite levels in phytosterol biosynthesis, mevalonate (MVA) pathway, benzoxazinoid biosynthesis, and stilbenoid biosynthesis. In addition, PMA caused a progressive recover from SMI, allowing rose to revert to its normal growth state. PMA restored the expression of 190 essential genes damaged by SMI in rose leaves, including transcription factors DRE1C, BH035, MYB14, EF110, WRKY24, NAC71, and MY108. However, after 144 h of PMA treatment, rose responsiveness to stimulation was diminished, and after 192 h, the metabolic levels of organic acids and lipids were recovered in large measure. Conclusion In conclusion, our results offered insights on how roses coordinate their transcriptome and metabolome to react to SMI and PMA, therefore shedding light on how roses, T. urticae, and N. californicus interact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfei Cai
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Ziming Shi
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Peifei Zhao
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yingjie Yang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Yinshan Cui
- Yunnan Pulis Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Min Tian
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jihua Wang
- Flower Research Institute of Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Flower Technology Innovation Center, Kunming, Yunnan, China
- Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming, Yunnan, China
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Shi JY, Gu KH, Yang SM, Wei WH, Dai X. Effects of 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) on animals: state of knowledge and open questions. THE SCIENCE OF NATURE - NATURWISSENSCHAFTEN 2024; 111:45. [PMID: 39141101 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-024-01930-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA) is a secondary plant metabolite predominantly found in monocotyledonous plants, especially Gramineae. In damaged tissue, 2-β-D-glucopyranosyloxy-4-hydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA-Glc) is hydrolyzed to DIMBOA, which spontaneously decomposes into 6-MBOA. It is commonly detected in plants consumed by voles and livestock and can also be present in cereal-based products. Discovered in 1955, this compound is renowned for its ability to trigger animal reproduction. However, there is a lack of research on its functional and mechanistic properties, leaving much of their potential unexplored. This review aimed to comprehensively summarize the effects of 6-MBOA on animal reproduction and human health, as well as its defensive role against herbivores. Studies have shown that 6-MBOA effectively inhibits the digestion, development, growth, and reproduction of insects. 6-MBOA may act as a partial agonist of melatonin and exert a regulatory role in mammalian reproduction, resulting in either promoting or inhibiting effects. 6-MBOA has been theorized to possess anti-tumor, anti-AIDS, anti-anxiety, and weight-loss effects in humans. However, insufficient attention has been paid to its defense properties against mammalian herbivores, and the mechanisms underlying its effects on mammalian reproduction remain unclear. In addition, research on its impact on human health is still in its preliminary stages. The review emphasizes the need for further systematic and comprehensive research on 6-MBOA to fully understand its diverse functions. Elucidating the effects of 6-MBOA on animal reproduction, adaptation, and human health would advance our understanding of plant-herbivore coevolution and the influence of environmental factors on animal population dynamics. Furthermore, this knowledge could potentially promote its application in human health and animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Shi
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ke-Han Gu
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Sheng-Mei Yang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Wan-Hong Wei
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Xin Dai
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, 48 East Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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Singh S, Singh IK, Singh A. Comparative proteome analysis of Spodoptera litura-infested Zea mays reveals a robust defense strategy targeting insect peritrophic membrane. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108835. [PMID: 38901230 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Herbivorous insects such as Spodoptera litura, pose a constant threat to agricultural crops. The incompetence of contemporary pest management tools and techniques stipulates unravelling of molecular dogma, that drives pest-plant interaction. From our previous observations, we inferred that despite being a voracious polyphagous herbivore, S. litura growth and adaptability is severely hampered on maize foliage diet. In this investigation we explored further and demonstrated the impact of maize diet on the insect gut peritrophic membrane (PM, a crucial membrane involved in compartmentalizing digestive events and absorption of nutrients), its structural analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed damaged and perforated PM. Further, this study delves into the intricate resistance mechanism adapted by Z. mays against S. litura by conducting a comparative proteome analysis. We have detected 345 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) at p < 0.05 and fold change ≥1. The DAPs were categorized as plant defense, secondary metabolite synthesis, redox homeostasis, cytoskeleton/cell wall biosynthesis, primary metabolism, transport and molecular processes. We remarkably report differential expression of proteolysis- and defense-related proteins that have potential to target insect gut, digestion and absorption of nutrients. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the molecular dynamics governing maize resistance against S. litura. Understanding of such intricate molecular dialogues at these interfaces could provide valuable information on the arms race between plants and herbivores, it may pave the way for innovative pest management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India; Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India.
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, 110021, India; Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
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8
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Harmsen N, Vesga P, Glauser G, Klötzli F, Heiman CM, Altenried A, Vacheron J, Muller D, Moënne-Loccoz Y, Steinger T, Keel C, Garrido-Sanz D. Natural plant disease suppressiveness in soils extends to insect pest control. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:127. [PMID: 39014485 PMCID: PMC11251354 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the 1980s, soils in a 22-km2 area near Lake Neuchâtel in Switzerland have been recognized for their innate ability to suppress the black root rot plant disease caused by the fungal pathogen Thielaviopsis basicola. However, the efficacy of natural disease suppressive soils against insect pests has not been studied. RESULTS We demonstrate that natural soil suppressiveness also protects plants from the leaf-feeding pest insect Oulema melanopus. Plants grown in the most suppressive soil have a reduced stress response to Oulema feeding, reflected by dampened levels of herbivore defense-related phytohormones and benzoxazinoids. Enhanced salicylate levels in insect-free plants indicate defense-priming operating in this soil. The rhizosphere microbiome of suppressive soils contained a higher proportion of plant-beneficial bacteria, coinciding with their microbiome networks being highly tolerant to the destabilizing impact of insect exposure observed in the rhizosphere of plants grown in the conducive soils. We suggest that presence of plant-beneficial bacteria in the suppressive soils along with priming, conferred plant resistance to the insect pest, manifesting also in the onset of insect microbiome dysbiosis by the displacement of the insect endosymbionts. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that an intricate soil-plant-insect feedback, relying on a stress tolerant microbiome network with the presence of plant-beneficial bacteria and plant priming, extends natural soil suppressiveness from soilborne diseases to insect pests. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Harmsen
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pilar Vesga
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | | | - Clara M Heiman
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Aline Altenried
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jordan Vacheron
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Muller
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Yvan Moënne-Loccoz
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, VetAgro Sup, UMR5557 Ecologie Microbienne, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | - Christoph Keel
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Garrido-Sanz
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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9
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Zhao X, Shi Z, He F, Niu Y, Qi G, Sun S, Li X, Gao X. Benzoxazinoids Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Identification and Expression Analysis in Maize under Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7460. [PMID: 39000567 PMCID: PMC11242666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXs) are unique bioactive metabolites with protective and allelopathic properties in maize in response to diverse stresses. The production of BXs involves the fine regulations of BXs biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC). However, little is known about whether and how the expression pattern of BGC members is impacted by biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, maize BGC was systemically investigated and 26 BGC gene members were identified on seven chromosomes, for which Bin 4.00-4.01/4.03-4.04/7.02 were the most enriched regions. All BX proteins were clearly divided into three classes and seven subclasses, and ten conserved motifs were further identified among these proteins. These proteins were localized in the subcellular compartments of chloroplast, endoplasmic reticulum, or cytoplasmic, where their catalytic activities were specifically executed. Three independent RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) analyses revealed that the expression profiles of the majority of BGC gene members were distinctly affected by multiple treatments, including light spectral quality, low-temperature, 24-epibrassinolide induction, and Asian corn borer infestation. Thirteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with high and specific expression levels were commonly detected among three RNA-Seq, as core conserved BGC members for regulating BXs biosynthesis under multiple abiotic/biotic stimulates. Moreover, the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) verified that six core conserved genes in BGC were significantly differentially expressed in leaves of seedlings upon four treatments, which caused significant increases in 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) content under darkness and wound treatments, whereas a clear decrease in DIMBOA content was observed under low-temperature treatment. In conclusion, the changes in BX metabolites in maize were regulated by BGC gene members in multiple stress presences. Therefore, the identification of key genes associated with BX accumulation under biotic/abiotic stresses will provide valuable gene resources for breeding maize varieties with enhanced capability to adapt to environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhenzhen Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Fuqiang He
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yining Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Guoxiang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Siqi Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Xiquan Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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10
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Han J, Miller EP, Li S. Cutting-edge plant natural product pathway elucidation. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2024; 87:103137. [PMID: 38677219 PMCID: PMC11192039 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2024.103137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Plant natural products (PNPs) play important roles in plant physiology and have been applied across diverse fields of human society. Understanding their biosynthetic pathways informs plant evolution and meanwhile enables sustainable production through metabolic engineering. However, the discovery of PNP biosynthetic pathways remains challenging due to the diversity of enzymes involved and limitations in traditional gene mining approaches. In this review, we will summarize state-of-the-art strategies and recent examples for predicting and characterizing PNP biosynthetic pathways, respectively, with multiomics-guided tools and heterologous host systems and share our perspectives on the systematic pipelines integrating these various bioinformatic and biochemical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianing Han
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Emma Parker Miller
- Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Sijin Li
- Robert F. Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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11
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Cen Z, Hu B, Yang S, Ma G, Zheng Y, Dong Y. Mechanism of benzoxazinoids affecting the growth and development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:42. [PMID: 38630198 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01439-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Continuous cropping of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) has led to a high incidence of wilt disease. The implementation of an intercropping system involving wheat and faba bean can effectively control the propagation of faba bean wilt disease. To investigate the mechanisms of wheat in mitigating faba bean wilt disease in a wheat-faba bean intercropping system. A comprehensive investigation was conducted to assess the temporal variations in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. fabae (FOF) on the chemotaxis of benzoxazinoids (BXs) and wheat root through indoor culture tests. The effects of BXs on FOF mycelial growth, spore germination, spore production, and electrical conductivity were examined. The influence of BXs on the ultrastructure of FOF was investigated through transmission electron microscopy. Eukaryotic mRNA sequencing was utilized to analyze the differentially expressed genes in FOF upon treatment with BXs. FOF exhibited a significant positive chemotactic effect on BXs in wheat roots and root secretions. BXs possessed the potential to exert significant allelopathic effects on the mycelial growth, spore germination, and sporulation of FOF. In addition, BXs demonstrated a remarkable ability to disrupt the structural integrity and stability of the membrane and cell wall of the FOF mycelia. BXs possessed the capability of posing threats to the integrity and stability of the cell membrane and cell wall. This ultimately resulted in physiological dysfunction, effectively inhibiting the regular growth and developmental processes of the FOF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Cen
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Bijie Hu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Siyin Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Guanglei Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yiran Zheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Dong
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.
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12
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Xu W, Sun X, Mi L, Wang K, Gu Z, Wang M, Shu C, Bai X, Zhang J, Geng L. Plants recruit insecticidal bacteria to defend against herbivore attacks. Microbiol Res 2024; 281:127597. [PMID: 38266597 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Pest feeding affects the rhizobacteria community. The rhizomicrobiota activates salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways to help plants deal with pest infestation. However, whether plants can recruit special pesticidal microorganisms to deal with attack from herbivores is unclear. A system composed of peanuts and first-instar larvae of Holotrichia parallela were used to analyze whether peanuts truly enrich the insecticidal bacteria after feeding by larvae, and whether inoculation of the enriched bacteria promotes the resistance of plants to herbivore. In this study, high-throughput sequencing of 16 S rRNA gene amplicons was used to demonstrate that infestation of the subterranean pest H. parallela quickly changed the rhizosphere bacterial community structure within 24 h, and the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae, especially Enterobacter, was manifestly enriched. Root feeding induced rhizobacteria to form a more complex co-occurrence network than the control. Rhizosphere bacteria were isolated, and 4 isolates with high toxicity against H. parallela larvae were obtained by random forest analysis. In a back-inoculation experiment using a split-root system, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled Enterobacter sp. IPPBiotE33 was observed to be enriched in uneaten peanut roots. Additionally, supplementation with IPPBiotE33 alleviated the adverse effects of H. parallela on peanuts. Our findings indicated that herbivore infestation could induce plants to assemble bacteria with specific larvicidal activity to address threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Mi
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Kui Wang
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Ziqiong Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Meiling Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Changlong Shu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi Bai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Geng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
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13
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Gonzalez-Gonzalez A, Cabrera N, Rubio-Meléndez ME, Sepúlveda DA, Ceballos R, Fernández N, Francis F, Figueroa CC, Ramirez CC. Facultative endosymbionts modulate the aphid reproductive performance on wheat cultivars differing in contents of benzoxazinoids. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1949-1956. [PMID: 38088471 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Facultative bacterial endosymbionts have the potential to influence the interactions between aphids, their natural enemies, and host plants. Among the facultative symbionts found in populations of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae in central Chile, the bacterium Regiella insecticola is the most prevalent. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether infected and cured aphid lineages exhibit differential responses to wheat cultivars containing varying levels of the benzoxazinoid DIMBOA (2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one), which is a xenobiotic compound produced by plants. Specifically, we examined the reproductive performance responses of the most frequently encountered genotypes of Sitobion avenae when reared on wheat seedlings expressing low, medium, and high concentrations of DIMBOA. RESULTS Our findings reveal that the intrinsic rate of population increase (rm ) in cured lineages of Sitobion avenae genotypes exhibits a biphasic pattern, characterized by the lowest rm and an extended time to first reproduction on wheat seedlings with medium levels of DIMBOA. In contrast, the aphid genotypes harbouring Regiella insecticola display idiosyncratic responses, with the two most prevalent genotypes demonstrating improved performance on seedlings featuring an intermediate content of DIMBOA compared to their cured counterparts. CONCLUSION This study represents the first investigation into the mediating impact of facultative endosymbionts on aphid performance in plants exhibiting varying DIMBOA contents. These findings present exciting prospects for identifying novel targets for aphid control by manipulating the presence of aphid symbionts. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Gonzalez-Gonzalez
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Nuri Cabrera
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | | | - Daniela A Sepúlveda
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Ricardo Ceballos
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile
| | - Natalí Fernández
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, INIA Quilamapu, Chillán, Chile
| | - Frederic Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Claudio C Ramirez
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
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14
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Caggìa V, Wälchli J, Deslandes-Hérold G, Mateo P, Robert CAM, Guan H, Bigalke M, Spielvogel S, Mestrot A, Schlaeppi K, Erb M. Root-exuded specialized metabolites reduce arsenic toxicity in maize. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2314261121. [PMID: 38513094 PMCID: PMC10990099 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2314261121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
By releasing specialized metabolites, plants modify their environment. Whether and how specialized metabolites protect plants against toxic levels of trace elements is not well understood. We evaluated whether benzoxazinoids, which are released into the soil by major cereals, can confer protection against arsenic toxicity. Benzoxazinoid-producing maize plants performed better in arsenic-contaminated soils than benzoxazinoid-deficient mutants in the greenhouse and the field. Adding benzoxazinoids to the soil restored the protective effect, and the effect persisted to the next crop generation via positive plant-soil feedback. Arsenate levels in the soil and total arsenic levels in the roots were lower in the presence of benzoxazinoids. Thus, the protective effect of benzoxazinoids is likely soil-mediated and includes changes in soil arsenic speciation and root accumulation. We conclude that exuded specialized metabolites can enhance protection against toxic trace elements via soil-mediated processes and may thereby stabilize crop productivity in polluted agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Caggìa
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, BernCH-3013, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | - Jan Wälchli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre Mateo
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, BernCH-3013, Switzerland
| | | | - Hang Guan
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, BernCH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Moritz Bigalke
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, BernCH-3012, Switzerland
- Institute of Applied Geoscience, Technical University Darmstadt, DarmstadtD-64287, Germany
| | - Sandra Spielvogel
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, Christian-Albrechts-Universität, Kiel24118, Germany
- Institute of Bio- and Geosciences, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich52425, Germany
| | - Adrien Mestrot
- Institute of Geography, University of Bern, BernCH-3012, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schlaeppi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, BernCH-3013, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, BernCH-3013, Switzerland
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15
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Luo SH, Hua J, Liu Y, Li SH. The Chemical Ecology of Plant Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2024; 124:57-183. [PMID: 39101984 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-59567-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Plants are excellent chemists with an impressive capability of biosynthesizing a large variety of natural products (also known as secondary or specialized metabolites) to resist various biotic and abiotic stresses. In this chapter, 989 plant natural products and their ecological functions in plant-herbivore, plant-microorganism, and plant-plant interactions are reviewed. These compounds include terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and other structural types. Terpenoids usually provide direct or indirect defense functions for plants, while phenolic compounds play important roles in regulating the interactions between plants and other organisms. Alkaloids are frequently toxic to herbivores and microorganisms, and can therefore also provide defense functions. The information presented should provide the basis for in-depth research of these plant natural products and their natural functions, and also for their further development and utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Hong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, P. R. China
| | - Juan Hua
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Dongling Road 120, Shenhe District, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning Province, P. R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, LiuTai Avenue 1166, Wenjiang District, Chengdu, 611137, Sichuan Province, P. R. China.
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Panlong District, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan Province, P. R. China.
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16
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Kundu A. Antimicrobial to anti-herbivore: Sakuranetin in rice efficiently inhibits brown planthopper by targeting their beneficial endosymbionts. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2023; 175:e14110. [PMID: 38148222 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
In rice, biosynthesis of specialized metabolites active against insect herbivores is elusive. The major known defense metabolites in rice against the destructive phloem-sucking herbivore brown planthoppers (BPH) (Nilaparvata lugens) are proteinase inhibitors, phenolamides and some terpenes (Xiao et al., 2012), which are induced during the invasion. Specifically, phenolamides were found to be induced upon herbivory with different feeding guild, including chewing and phloem-sucking, but could only provide defense against phloem-sucking BPH, though the clear mode of action of phenolamides has not been explored yet. Moreover, the jasmonic acid-mediated modulation of biosynthesis of these specialized metabolites in rice is not elucidated yet. However, a recent study by Liu et al. (2023) demonstrated that sakuranetin, a phytoalexin in rice, was induced upon BPH invasion and showed significant detrimental effect on herbivore's performance by targeting their beneficial endosymbionts. This is the first report on a strong bioactive anti-herbivore molecule observed in rice with an unusual mode of action. In this article, a view has been presented on this work, its impact and exceptionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anish Kundu
- Plant Biotechnology and Disease Biology Division, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology (RGCB), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
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17
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Thoenen L, Giroud C, Kreuzer M, Waelchli J, Gfeller V, Deslandes-Hérold G, Mateo P, Robert CAM, Ahrens CH, Rubio-Somoza I, Bruggmann R, Erb M, Schlaeppi K. Bacterial tolerance to host-exuded specialized metabolites structures the maize root microbiome. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2310134120. [PMID: 37878725 PMCID: PMC10622871 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310134120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants exude specialized metabolites from their roots, and these compounds are known to structure the root microbiome. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We established a representative collection of maize root bacteria and tested their tolerance against benzoxazinoids (BXs), the dominant specialized and bioactive metabolites in the root exudates of maize plants. In vitro experiments revealed that BXs inhibited bacterial growth in a strain- and compound-dependent manner. Tolerance against these selective antimicrobial compounds depended on bacterial cell wall structure. Further, we found that native root bacteria isolated from maize tolerated the BXs better compared to nonhost Arabidopsis bacteria. This finding suggests the adaptation of the root bacteria to the specialized metabolites of their host plant. Bacterial tolerance to 6-methoxy-benzoxazolin-2-one (MBOA), the most abundant and selective antimicrobial metabolite in the maize rhizosphere, correlated significantly with the abundance of these bacteria on BX-exuding maize roots. Thus, strain-dependent tolerance to BXs largely explained the abundance pattern of bacteria on maize roots. Abundant bacteria generally tolerated MBOA, while low abundant root microbiome members were sensitive to this compound. Our findings reveal that tolerance to plant specialized metabolites is an important competence determinant for root colonization. We propose that bacterial tolerance to root-derived antimicrobial compounds is an underlying mechanism determining the structure of host-specific microbial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Thoenen
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern3013, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | - Caitlin Giroud
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | - Marco Kreuzer
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern3012, Switzerland
| | - Jan Waelchli
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
| | - Valentin Gfeller
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern3013, Switzerland
| | | | - Pierre Mateo
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern3013, Switzerland
| | | | - Christian H. Ahrens
- Method Development and Analytics, Group Molecular Ecology, Agroscope, Zürich8046, Switzerland
| | - Ignacio Rubio-Somoza
- Molecular Reprogramming and Evolution Lab, Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics, Barcelona08193, Spain
| | - Rémy Bruggmann
- Interfaculty Bioinformatics Unit, University of Bern, Bern3012, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern3013, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Schlaeppi
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern3013, Switzerland
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Basel4056, Switzerland
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18
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Florean M, Luck K, Hong B, Nakamura Y, O’Connor SE, Köllner TG. Reinventing metabolic pathways: Independent evolution of benzoxazinoids in flowering plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2307981120. [PMID: 37812727 PMCID: PMC10589660 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2307981120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids (BXDs) form a class of indole-derived specialized plant metabolites with broad antimicrobial and antifeedant properties. Unlike most specialized metabolites, which are typically lineage-specific, BXDs occur sporadically in a number of distantly related plant orders. This observation suggests that BXD biosynthesis arose independently numerous times in the plant kingdom. However, although decades of research in the grasses have led to the elucidation of the BXD pathway in the monocots, the biosynthesis of BXDs in eudicots is unknown. Here, we used a metabolomic and transcriptomic-guided approach, in combination with pathway reconstitution in Nicotiana benthamiana, to identify and characterize the BXD biosynthetic pathways from both Aphelandra squarrosa and Lamium galeobdolon, two phylogenetically distant eudicot species. We show that BXD biosynthesis in A. squarrosa and L. galeobdolon utilize a dual-function flavin-containing monooxygenase in place of two distinct cytochrome P450s, as is the case in the grasses. In addition, we identified evolutionarily unrelated cytochrome P450s, a 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase, a UDP-glucosyltransferase, and a methyltransferase that were also recruited into these BXD biosynthetic pathways. Our findings constitute the discovery of BXD pathways in eudicots. Moreover, the biosynthetic enzymes of these pathways clearly demonstrate that BXDs independently arose in the plant kingdom at least three times. The heterogeneous pool of identified BXD enzymes represents a remarkable example of metabolic plasticity, in which BXDs are synthesized according to a similar chemical logic, but with an entirely different set of metabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Florean
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Katrin Luck
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Benke Hong
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Yoko Nakamura
- Research Group Biosynthesis/NMR, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Sarah E. O’Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
| | - Tobias G. Köllner
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena07745, Germany
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19
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Guo J, Liu S, Jing D, He K, Zhang Y, Li M, Qi J, Wang Z. Genotypic variation in field-grown maize eliminates trade-offs between resistance, tolerance and growth in response to high pressure from the Asian corn borer. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:3072-3089. [PMID: 36207806 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Insect herbivory challenges plant survival, and coordination of the interactions between growth, herbivore resistance/tolerance is a key problem faced by plants. Based on field experiments into resistance to the Asian corn borer (ACB, Ostrinia furnacalis), we selected 10 inbred maize lines, of which five were resistant and five were susceptible to ACB. We conducted ACB larval bioassays, analysed defensive chemicals, phytohormones, and relative gene expression using RNA-seq and qPCR as well as agronomic traits, and found resistant lines had weaker inducibility, but were more resistant after ACB attack than susceptible lines. Resistance was related to high levels of major benzoxazinoids, but was not related to induced levels of JA or JA-Ile. Following combination analyses of transcriptome, metabolome and larval performance data, we discovered three benzoxazinoids biosynthesis-related transcription factors, NAC60, WRKY1 and WRKY46. Protoplast transformation analysis suggested that these may regulate maize defence-growth trade-offs by increasing levels of benzoxazinoids, JA and SA but decreasing IAA. Moreover, the resistance/tolerance-growth trade-offs were not observed in the 10 lines, and genotype-specific metabolic and genetic features probably eliminated the trade-offs. This study highlights the possibility of breeding maize varieties simultaneously with improved defences and higher yield under complex field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingfei Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dapeng Jing
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kanglai He
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mingshun Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhenying Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, MOA-CABI Joint Laboratory for Bio-safety, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Escudero-Martinez C, Bulgarelli D. Engineering the Crop Microbiota Through Host Genetics. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2023; 61:257-277. [PMID: 37196364 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-021621-121447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The microbiota populating the plant-soil continuum defines an untapped resource for sustainable crop production. The host plant is a driver for the taxonomic composition and function of these microbial communities. In this review, we illustrate how the host genetic determinants of the microbiota have been shaped by plant domestication and crop diversification. We discuss how the heritable component of microbiota recruitment may represent, at least partially, a selection for microbial functions underpinning the growth, development, and health of their host plants and how the magnitude of this heritability is influenced by the environment. We illustrate how host-microbiota interactions can be treated as an external quantitative trait and review recent studies associating crop genetics with microbiota-based quantitative traits. We also explore the results of reductionist approaches, including synthetic microbial communities, to establish causal relationships between microbiota and plant phenotypes. Lastly, we propose strategies to integrate microbiota manipulation into crop selection programs. Although a detailed understanding of when and how heritability for microbiota composition can be deployed for breeding purposes is still lacking, we argue that advances in crop genomics are likely to accelerate wider applications of plant-microbiota interactions in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Davide Bulgarelli
- Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; ,
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21
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Jin J, Zhao M, Jing T, Zhang M, Lu M, Yu G, Wang J, Guo D, Pan Y, Hoffmann TD, Schwab W, Song C. Volatile compound-mediated plant-plant interactions under stress with the tea plant as a model. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad143. [PMID: 37691961 PMCID: PMC10483893 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Plants respond to environmental stimuli via the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and neighboring plants constantly monitor and respond to these VOCs with great sensitivity and discrimination. This sensing can trigger increased plant fitness and reduce future plant damage through the priming of their own defenses. The defense mechanism in neighboring plants can either be induced by activation of the regulatory or transcriptional machinery, or it can be delayed by the absorption and storage of VOCs for the generation of an appropriate response later. Despite much research, many key questions remain on the role of VOCs in interplant communication and plant fitness. Here we review recent research on the VOCs induced by biotic (i.e. insects and pathogens) and abiotic (i.e. cold, drought, and salt) stresses, and elucidate the biosynthesis of stress-induced VOCs in tea plants. Our focus is on the role of stress-induced VOCs in complex ecological environments. Particularly, the roles of VOCs under abiotic stress are highlighted. Finally, we discuss pertinent questions and future research directions for advancing our understanding of plant interactions via VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mingyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Tingting Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Mengqian Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Guomeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jingming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Danyang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yuting Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Timothy D Hoffmann
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Wilfried Schwab
- Biotechnology of Natural Products, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Chuankui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, International Joint Laboratory on Tea Chemistry and Health Effects, Anhui Agricultural University, 230036, Hefei, Anhui, China
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22
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Leng XY, Zhao LX, Gao S, Ye F, Fu Y. Review on the Discovery of Novel Natural Herbicide Safeners. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37466454 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
The phytotoxicity of herbicides on crops is a major dilemma in agricultural production. Fortunately, the emergence of herbicide safeners is an excellent solution to this challenge, selectively enhancing the performance of herbicides in controlling weeds while reducing the phytotoxicity to crops. But owing to their potential toxicity, only a tiny proportion of safeners are commercially available. Natural products as safeners have been extensively explored, which are generally safe to mammals and cause little pollution to the environment. They are typically endogenous signal molecules or phytohormones, which are generally difficult to extract and synthesize, and exhibit relatively lower activity than commercial products. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt rational design approaches to modify the structure of natural safeners. This paper reviews the application, safener effects, structural characteristics, and modifications of natural safeners and provides insights on the discovery of natural products as potential safeners in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Leng
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li-Xia Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shuang Gao
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Fei Ye
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ying Fu
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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23
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Razzaq MK, Hina A, Abbasi A, Karikari B, Ashraf HJ, Mohiuddin M, Maqsood S, Maqsood A, Haq IU, Xing G, Raza G, Bhat JA. Molecular and genetic insights into secondary metabolic regulation underlying insect-pest resistance in legumes. Funct Integr Genomics 2023; 23:217. [PMID: 37392308 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-023-01141-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Insect pests pose a major threat to agricultural production, resulting in significant economic losses for countries. A high infestation of insects in any given area can severely reduce crop yield and quality. This review examines the existing resources for managing insect pests and highlights alternative eco-friendly techniques to enhance insect pest resistance in legumes. Recently, the application of plant secondary metabolites has gained popularity in controlling insect attacks. Plant secondary metabolites encompass a wide range of compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which are often synthesized through intricate biosynthetic pathways. Classical methods of metabolic engineering involve manipulating key enzymes and regulatory genes to enhance or redirect the production of secondary metabolites in plants. Additionally, the role of genetic approaches, such as quantitative trait loci mapping, genome-wide association (GWAS) mapping, and metabolome-based GWAS in insect pest management is discussed, also, the role of precision breeding, such as genome editing technologies and RNA interference for identifying pest resistance and manipulating the genome to develop insect-resistant cultivars are explored, highlighting the positive contribution of plant secondary metabolites engineering-based resistance against insect pests. It is suggested that by understanding the genes responsible for beneficial metabolite compositions, future research might hold immense potential to shed more light on the molecular regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis, leading to advancements in insect-resistant traits in crop plants. In the future, the utilization of metabolic engineering and biotechnological methods may serve as an alternative means of producing biologically active, economically valuable, and medically significant compounds found in plant secondary metabolites, thereby addressing the challenge of limited availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Khuram Razzaq
- Soybean Research Institute & MARA National Centre for Soybean Improvement & MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean & National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Aiman Hina
- Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) National Centre for Soybean Improvement, State Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Asim Abbasi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Benjamin Karikari
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Consumer Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana
| | - Hafiza Javaria Ashraf
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan crops, College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Muhammad Mohiuddin
- Environmental Management Consultants (EMC) Private Limited, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Maqsood
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Kohsar University Murree, Murree, 47150, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Maqsood
- Department of Zoology, University of Central Punjab, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- College of Plant Protection, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, No. 1 Yingmen Village, Anning District, Lanzhou, 730070, China
| | - Guangnan Xing
- Soybean Research Institute & MARA National Centre for Soybean Improvement & MARA Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean & National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement & Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Centre for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ghulam Raza
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Javaid Akhter Bhat
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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24
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Negin B, Jander G. Convergent and divergent evolution of plant chemical defenses. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 73:102368. [PMID: 37087925 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The majority of the several hundred thousand specialized metabolites produced by plants function in defense against insects and other herbivores. Despite this diversity, identical metabolites or structurally distinct metabolites hitting the same targets in herbivorous animals have evolved repeatedly. This convergent evolution may reflect the constraints of plant primary metabolism in providing metabolic precursors, as well as the limited number of readily accessible targets in animals. These restrictions may make it uncommon for plants to develop completely novel toxic and deterrent metabolites, despite the ongoing evolution of resistance mechanisms in insect herbivores. Defensive compounds that are unique to individual genera or species often have long biosynthetic pathways that may complicate the repeated evolution of these metabolites in different plant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boaz Negin
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
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25
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Yang J, Zheng L, Liao Y, Fu Y, Zeng D, Chen W, Wu W. HCN-induced embryo arrest: passion fruit as an ecological trap for fruit flies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2172-2181. [PMID: 36730167 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fruit flies are important economic pests of fruits, vegetables, and nuts all over the world. In this study, a permanent ecological trap, which was created by the ovicidal effect of phytogenic hydrogen cyanide (HCN) liberated from passion fruits due to oviposition by fruit flies and can be used in the pest management, were determined. RESULTS Observation of fruit fly eggs in Passiflora within the passion fruit cultivation region in southern China, from Aug 2019 to Oct 2020 showed that the exotic Passiflora attracted the native fruit flies to oviposit, but the eggs could not hatch. Using classical staging to categorize embryonic development and fumigation assays, we show that oviposition by fruit fly on passion fruits, release HCN from the cyanogenic mesocarp. Exposure of the eggs to HCN causes arrest of embryonic development and finally the death of eggs. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that the life cycle of fruit fly in Passiflora is interrupted at the egg stage. Consequently, we predict that this ecological trap may be permanent. Extensive cultivation of the Passiflora vine as a dead-end trap crop may be an effective avenue to reduce populations of fruit fly pests. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixia Zheng
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Yonglin Liao
- Plant Protection Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences /Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueguan Fu
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science, Haikou, China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Wensheng Chen
- International Research Center for Environmental Membrane Biology & Department of Horticulture, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Weijian Wu
- Laboratory of Insect Ecology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Agrawal AA, Hastings AP. Tissue-specific plant toxins and adaptation in a specialist root herbivore. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302251120. [PMID: 37216531 PMCID: PMC10235950 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302251120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In coevolution between plants and insects, reciprocal selection often leads to phenotype matching between chemical defense and herbivore offense. Nonetheless, it is not well understood whether distinct plant parts are differentially defended and how herbivores adapted to those parts cope with tissue-specific defense. Milkweed plants produce a diversity of cardenolide toxins and specialist herbivores have substitutions in their target enzyme (Na+/K+-ATPase), each playing a central role in milkweed-insect coevolution. The four-eyed milkweed beetle (Tetraopes tetrophthalmus) is an abundant toxin-sequestering herbivore that feeds exclusively on milkweed roots as larvae and less so on milkweed leaves as adults. Accordingly, we tested the tolerance of this beetle's Na+/K+-ATPase to cardenolide extracts from roots versus leaves of its main host (Asclepias syriaca), along with sequestered cardenolides from beetle tissues. We additionally purified and tested the inhibitory activity of dominant cardenolides from roots (syrioside) and leaves (glycosylated aspecioside). Tetraopes' enzyme was threefold more tolerant of root extracts and syrioside than leaf cardenolides. Nonetheless, beetle-sequestered cardenolides were more potent than those in roots, suggesting selective uptake or dependence on compartmentalization of toxins away from the beetle's enzymatic target. Because Tetraopes has two functionally validated amino acid substitutions in its Na+/K+-ATPase compared to the ancestral form in other insects, we compared its cardenolide tolerance to that of wild-type Drosophila and CRISPR-edited Drosophila with Tetraopes' Na+/K+-ATPase genotype. Those two amino acid substitutions accounted for >50% of Tetraopes' enhanced enzymatic tolerance of cardenolides. Thus, milkweed's tissue-specific expression of root toxins is matched by physiological adaptations in its specialist root herbivore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag A. Agrawal
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
| | - Amy P. Hastings
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY14853
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27
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Lv L, Guo X, Zhao A, Liu Y, Li H, Chen X. Combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome of wheat kernels reveals constitutive defense mechanism against maize weevils. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1147145. [PMID: 37229118 PMCID: PMC10204651 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1147145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sitophilus zeamais (maize weevil) is one of the most destructive pests that seriously affects the quantity and quality of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, little is known about the constitutive defense mechanism of wheat kernels against maize weevils. In this study, we obtained a highly resistant variety RIL-116 and a highly susceptible variety after two years of screening. The morphological observations and germination rates of wheat kernels after feeding ad libitum showed that the degree of infection in RIL-116 was far less than that in RIL-72. The combined analysis of metabolome and transcriptome of RIL-116 and RIL-72 wheat kernels revealed differentially accumulated metabolites were mainly enriched in flavonoids biosynthesis-related pathway, followed by glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism, and benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. Several flavonoids metabolites were significantly up-accumulated in resistant variety RIL-116. In addition, the expression of structural genes and transcription factors (TFs) related to flavonoids biosynthesis were up-regulated to varying degrees in RIL-116 than RIL-72. Taken together, these results indicated that the biosynthesis and accumulation of flavonoids contributes the most to wheat kernels defense against maize weevils. This study not only provides insights into the constitutive defense mechanism of wheat kernels against maize weevils, but may also play an important role in the breeding of resistant varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Li
- *Correspondence: Hui Li, ; Xiyong Chen,
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28
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Ma C, Li R, Sun Y, Zhang M, Li S, Xu Y, Song J, Li J, Qi J, Wang L, Wu J. ZmMYC2s play important roles in maize responses to simulated herbivory and jasmonate. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1041-1058. [PMID: 36349965 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Both herbivory and jasmonic acid (JA) activate the biosynthesis of defensive metabolites in maize, but the mechanism underlying this remains unclear. We generated maize mutants in which ZmMYC2a and ZmMYC2b, two transcription factor genes important in JA signaling, were individually or both knocked out. Genetic and biochemical analyses were used to elucidate the functions of ZmMYC2 proteins in the maize response to simulated herbivory and JA. Compared with the wild-type (WT) maize, the double mutant myc2ab was highly susceptible to insects, and the levels of benzoxazinoids and volatile terpenes, and the levels of their biosynthesis gene transcripts, were much lower in the mutants than in the WT maize after simulated insect feeding or JA treatment. Moreover, ZmMYC2a and ZmMYC2b played a redundant role in maize resistance to insects and JA signaling. Transcriptome and Cleavage Under Targets and Tagmentation-Sequencing (CUT&Tag-Seq) analysis indicated that ZmMYC2s physically targeted 60% of the JA-responsive genes, even though only 33% of these genes were transcriptionally ZmMYC2-dependent. Importantly, CUT&Tag-Seq and dual luciferase assays revealed that ZmMYC2s transactivate the benzoxazinoid and volatile terpene biosynthesis genes IGPS1/3, BX10/11/12/14, and TPS10/2/3/4/5/8 by directly binding to their promoters. Furthermore, several transcription factors physically targeted by ZmMYC2s were identified, and these are likely to function in the regulation of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis. This work reveals the transcriptional regulatory landscapes of both JA signaling and ZmMYC2s in maize and provides comprehensive mechanistic insight into how JA signaling modulates defenses in maize responses to herbivory through ZmMYC2s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canrong Ma
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ruoyue Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Mou Zhang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Sen Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yuxing Xu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Juan Song
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jinfeng Qi
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianqiang Wu
- Department of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201, China
- Chinese Academy of Science Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Kamat D, Al-Ajlouni YA, Hall RCW. The Therapeutic Impact of Plant-Based and Nutritional Supplements on Anxiety, Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Quality among Adults and Elderly: A Systematic Review of the Literature. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5171. [PMID: 36982079 PMCID: PMC10049309 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emerging research in the literature continues to forecast a drastic and alarming increase in negative mental health and sleep health outcomes among populations, especially after the COVID-19 pandemic, which significantly influenced people's way of life. With mental health pharmaceutical interventions continuing to be stigmatized and inaccessible among populations, natural supplements provide an opportunity for intervention. OBJECTIVE This study sought to conduct a systematic review of the literature on the most recent comprehensive evidence for which nutritional supplements have the greatest therapeutic impact on symptoms of anxiety, depression, and insomnia. METHODS A systematic search of the literature, utilizing several databases, including PubMed and Web of Science, was conducted on 29 April 2022. We used developed keywords and MeSH terms for the search. The study eligibility criteria included (1) a randomized control trial; (2) investigating a plant-based therapeutic or natural supplement as the intervention; (3) measuring at least one health outcome of the following: anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, or sleep health outcomes; (4) utilizing validated measurement tools to measure the outcome of interest; (5) written in the English language; (6) peer reviewed; and (7) focused on adults and elderly populations. MAIN RESULTS Following the PRISMA guidelines, 76 studies were included in this review. We used the revised Risk of Bias tool (RoB2) to assess the quality of all included randomized control trials. A qualitative data synthesis was conducted. Overall, we found several valuable insights from the evidence in the literature, including evidence that demonstrates the benefits of probiotics and vitamin B complexes on anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and sleep quality. Implication of Key Findings: This review provides the most updated findings in the literature on the topic, including an abundance of research that was published in the past 5 years. Given the expected rise in negative mental and sleep health outcomes following the pandemic, the supplements and therapeutics identified in this study should be the target of intervention measures to increase their accessibility and affordability and allow them to be incorporated into clinical guidelines of treatment. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022361130.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darshan Kamat
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
| | | | - Ryan C. W. Hall
- College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32827, USA
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30
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Saldivar EV, Ding Y, Poretsky E, Bird S, Block AK, Huffaker A, Schmelz EA. Maize Terpene Synthase 8 (ZmTPS8) Contributes to a Complex Blend of Fungal-Elicited Antibiotics. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1111. [PMID: 36903970 PMCID: PMC10005556 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays), fungal-elicited immune responses include the accumulation of terpene synthase (TPS) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYP) enzymes resulting in complex antibiotic arrays of sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids, including α/β-selinene derivatives, zealexins, kauralexins and dolabralexins. To uncover additional antibiotic families, we conducted metabolic profiling of elicited stem tissues in mapping populations, which included B73 × M162W recombinant inbred lines and the Goodman diversity panel. Five candidate sesquiterpenoids associated with a chromosome 1 locus spanning the location of ZmTPS27 and ZmTPS8. Heterologous enzyme co-expression studies of ZmTPS27 in Nicotiana benthamiana resulted in geraniol production while ZmTPS8 yielded α-copaene, δ-cadinene and sesquiterpene alcohols consistent with epi-cubebol, cubebol, copan-3-ol and copaborneol matching the association mapping efforts. ZmTPS8 is an established multiproduct α-copaene synthase; however, ZmTPS8-derived sesquiterpene alcohols are rarely encountered in maize tissues. A genome wide association study further linked an unknown sesquiterpene acid to ZmTPS8 and combined ZmTPS8-ZmCYP71Z19 heterologous enzyme co-expression studies yielded the same product. To consider defensive roles for ZmTPS8, in vitro bioassays with cubebol demonstrated significant antifungal activity against both Fusarium graminearum and Aspergillus parasiticus. As a genetically variable biochemical trait, ZmTPS8 contributes to the cocktail of terpenoid antibiotics present following complex interactions between wounding and fungal elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan V. Saldivar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Yezhang Ding
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Elly Poretsky
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Skylar Bird
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Anna K. Block
- Chemistry Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Alisa Huffaker
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Eric A. Schmelz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
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31
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Xiao Z, Fan N, Zhu W, Qian HL, Yan XP, Wang Z, Rasmann S. Silicon Nanodots Increase Plant Resistance against Herbivores by Simultaneously Activating Physical and Chemical Defenses. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3107-3118. [PMID: 36705522 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanosilicon applications have been shown to increase plant defenses against both abiotic and biotic stresses. Silicon quantum nanodots (Si NDs), a form of nanosilicon, possess excellent biological and physiochemical properties (e.g., minimal size, high water solubility, stability, and biocompatibility), potentially making them more efficient in regulating plant responses to stress than other forms of silicon. However, to date, we still lack mechanistic evidence for how soil-applied Si NDs alter the regulation of plant physical and chemical defenses against insect herbivores. To address this gap, we compared the effect of fluorescent amine-functionalized Si NDs (5 nm) and the conventional fertilizer sodium silicate on maize (Zea mays L.) physical and chemical defenses against the oriental armyworm (Mythimna separata, Walker) caterpillars. We found that 50 mg/kg Si NDs and sodium silicate additions inhibited the growth of caterpillars the most (35.7% and 22.8%, respectively) as compared to other application doses (0, 10, and 150 mg/kg). Both Si NDs and silicate addition activated biosynthesis genes responsible for chemical (benzoxazinoids) and physical (lignin) defense production. Moreover, Si NDs upregulated the gene expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and POD) and promoted the antioxidant metabolism (flavonoids) in maize leaves under M. separata attack. Finally, we show that, under field conditions, Si ND addition increased maize cob weight (28.7%), cob grain weight (40.8%), and 100-grain weight (26.5%) as compared to the control, and more so than the conventional silicon fertilizer. Altogether, our findings highlight the potential for Si NDs to be used as an effective and ecofriendly crop protection strategy in agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggao Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Ningke Fan
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wenqing Zhu
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hai-Long Qian
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Yan
- Institute of Analytical Food Safety, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
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Yang J, Ma C, Jia R, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Yue H, Li H, Jiang X. Different responses of two maize cultivars to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae infestation provide insights into their differences in resistance. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1065891. [PMID: 36844097 PMCID: PMC9950569 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1065891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a pest with an amazing appetite, damages many crops and causes great losses, especially maize. Understanding the differences in different maize cultivars' responses to S. frugiperda infestation is very important for revealing the mechanisms involved in the resistance of maize plants to S. frugiperda. In this study, a comparative analysis of two maize cultivars, the common cultivar 'ZD958' and the sweet cultivar 'JG218', was used to investigate their physico-biochemical responses to S. frugiperda infestation by a pot experiment. The results showed that the enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense responses of maize seedlings were rapidly induced by S. frugiperda. Frist, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents of infested maize leaves were significantly increased and then decreased to the level of the control. Furthermore, compared with the control leaves, the puncture force values and the total phenolics, total flavonoids, and 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one contents of infested leaves were significantly increased within a certain time. The superoxide dismutase and peroxidase activities of infested leaves were significantly increased in a certain period of time, while the catalase activities decreased significantly and then increased to the control level. The jasmonic acid (JA) levels of infested leaves were significantly improved, whereas the salicylic acid and abscisic acid levels changed less. Signaling genes associated with phytohormones and defensive substances including PAL4, CHS6, BX12, LOX1, and NCED9 were significantly induced at certain time points, especially LOX1. Most of these parameters changed greater in JG218 than in ZD958. Moreover, the larvae bioassay showed that S. frugiperda larvae weighed more on JG218 leaves than those on ZD958 leaves. These results suggested that JG218 was more susceptible to S. frugiperda than ZD958. Our findings will make it easier to develop strategies for controlling S. frugiperda for sustainable maize production and breeding of new maize cultivars with increased resistance to herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Yang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Changlu Ma
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ru Jia
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yanming Zhao
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiwang Yue
- Dryland Farming Institute, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Hengshui, China
| | - Heqin Li
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xuwen Jiang
- College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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Gross JJ, Mateo P, Ramhold D, Kramer E, Erb M, Robert CAM. Turnover of Benzoxazinoids during the Aerobic Deterioration of Maize Silage ( Zea mays). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:2370-2376. [PMID: 36692976 PMCID: PMC9912334 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c06699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
While plant-specialized metabolites can affect mammal health, their fate during the aerobic deterioration of crop silage remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the metabolization of benzoxazinoids (BXs) in silages of two maize genotypes (W22 wild type and bx1 mutant line) during aerobic deterioration. In W22 plants, concentrations of the aglucone BXs DIMBOA and HMBOA in silage decreased over time upon air exposure, while concentrations of MBOA and BOA increased. Mutant plants had low levels of BXs, which did not significantly vary over time. Aerobic stability was BX-dependent, as pH and counts of yeasts and molds were higher in W22 compared to that in bx1 silage. The nutrient composition was not affected by BXs. These preliminary results may be used to estimate the amounts of BXs provided to farm animals via silage feeding. However, further research is warranted under different harvest and storage conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef J. Gross
- Veterinary
Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University
of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Pierre Mateo
- Faculty
of Science, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ewald Kramer
- ISF
GmbH, An der Mühlenau
4, 25421 Pinneberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Erb
- Faculty
of Science, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, 3013 Bern, Switzerland
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Yadav M, Singh IK, Singh A. Dhurrin: A naturally occurring phytochemical as a weapon against insect herbivores. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 205:113483. [PMID: 36279963 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dhurrin, a cyanogenic glucoside, is a plant defensive chemical synthesized from aliphatic amino acids and consists of β-d-glucopyranose linked to α-hydroxy nitrile. It is catabolized by the consecutive action of hydroxynitrilase and β-glucosidase to release hydrogen cyanide on tissue disruption during herbivory. These phytoanticipins are widely distributed across various monocot and dicot plants such as Sorghum, Macadamia, Ostrya sp., and many other plant species with ornamental, pharmaceutical, medicinal, and food value. Although repellent properties of dhurrin against herbivores are often reported, less is known about its distribution, metabolism, mode of action against insects, and application for pest control. Herein, we highlight recent updates on dhurrin distribution, biosynthesis, and catabolism along with the cyanide detoxification pathway. Additionally, this article focuses on biological activities of dhurrin against various herbivores and opportunities to explore the utilization of dhurrin as a natural pest control agent and a substitute for chemically synthesized pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Indrakant K Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi, 110019, India.
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India; Delhi School of Climate Change and Sustainability, Institution of Eminence, Maharishi Karnad Bhawan, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
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Ghasemi M, Poorjavad N. Soil Fertilization With Medicinal Plant Processing Wastes Suppresses Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) and Aphis gossypii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Populations. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 51:1172-1181. [PMID: 36166572 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Organic soil amendments can influence insect pest populations and the damage to plants they cause. In this study, the effects of medicinal plant processing wastes (MPPWs) applied as organic fertilizers on the host preference and performance of Tuta absoluta and Aphis gossypii were investigated on tomato and cucumber plants, respectively. Processing wastes of cumin, rosemary, thyme, artichoke, chamomile, fenugreek, and nettle were applied in four levels of 0, 20, 40, and 80 g dry matter/1kg culture media in pot experiments. Results showed the application of MPPWs, especially 80 g of nettle, reduced the number of T. absoluta eggs (from 0.8 to 0.4 egg/leaf) and their hatching percentage (from 90 to 76%). The highest and lowest number of aphids were observed in control (36 aphids/plant) and treated cucumbers with 80 g of cumin (18 aphids/plant). Also, the lowest intrinsic rate of increase (0.08 d-1) and net reproductive rate (20 offspring) of T. absoluta were observed in tomatoes fertilized with nettle. The highest and lowest net reproductive rate of A. gossypii were obtained on control and treated plants with 80 g of nettle, respectively. Results of damage assessment showed that the percentage of dry weight loss in the aphid-infested plants was reduced by the use of MPPWs, so that lowest weight loss was observed in the treatment with 80 g of nettle. In conclusion, soil amendment using MPPWs could result in lower pest populations and may improve plant tolerance to insect pest stress, thus these by-products could be considered a valuable tool in pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meysam Ghasemi
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Poorjavad
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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36
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Peng P, Li R, Chen ZH, Wang Y. Stomata at the crossroad of molecular interaction between biotic and abiotic stress responses in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1031891. [PMID: 36311113 PMCID: PMC9614343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1031891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Increasing global food production is threatened by harsh environmental conditions along with biotic stresses, requiring massive new research into integrated stress resistance in plants. Stomata play a pivotal role in response to many biotic and abiotic stresses, but their orchestrated interactions at the molecular, physiological, and biochemical levels were less investigated. Here, we reviewed the influence of drought, pathogen, and insect herbivory on stomata to provide a comprehensive overview in the context of stomatal regulation. We also summarized the molecular mechanisms of stomatal response triggered by these stresses. To further investigate the effect of stomata-herbivore interaction at a transcriptional level, integrated transcriptome studies from different plant species attacked by different pests revealed evidence of the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress. Comprehensive understanding of the involvement of stomata in some plant-herbivore interactions may be an essential step towards herbivores' manipulation of plants, which provides insights for the development of integrated pest management strategies. Moreover, we proposed that stomata can function as important modulators of plant response to stress combination, representing an exciting frontier of plant science with a broad and precise view of plant biotic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengshuai Peng
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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Bruno P, Arce CCM, Machado RAR, Besomi G, Spescha A, Glauser G, Jaccard C, Benrey B, Turlings TCJ. Sequestration of cucurbitacins from cucumber plants by Diabrotica balteata larvae provides little protection against biological control agents. JOURNAL OF PEST SCIENCE 2022; 96:1061-1075. [PMID: 37181825 PMCID: PMC10169900 DOI: 10.1007/s10340-022-01568-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitaceae plants produce cucurbitacins, bitter triterpenoids, to protect themselves against various insects and pathogens. Adult banded cucumber beetles (Diabrotica balteata), a common pest of maize and cucurbits, sequester cucurbitacins, presumably as a defensive mechanism against their natural enemies, which might reduce the efficacy of biological control agents. Whether the larvae also sequester and are protected by cucurbitacins is unclear. We profiled cucurbitacin levels in four varieties of cucumber, Cucumis sativus, and in larvae fed on these varieties. Then, we evaluated larval growth and resistance against common biocontrol organisms including insect predators, entomopathogenic nematodes, fungi and bacteria. We found considerable qualitative and quantitative differences in the cucurbitacin levels of the four cucumber varieties. While two varieties were fully impaired in their production, the other two accumulated high levels of cucurbitacins. We also observed that D. balteata larvae sequester and metabolize cucurbitacins, and although the larvae fed extensively on both belowground and aboveground tissues, the sequestered cucurbitacins were mainly derived from belowground tissues. Cucurbitacins had no detrimental effects on larval performance and, surprisingly, did not provide protection against any of the natural enemies evaluated. Our results show that D. balteata larvae can indeed sequester and transform cucurbitacins, but sequestered cucurbitacins do not impact the biocontrol potential of common natural enemies used in biocontrol. Hence, this plant trait should be conserved in plant breeding programs, as it has been demonstrated in previous studies that it can provide protection against plant pathogens and generalist insects. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10340-022-01568-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Bruno
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Carla C. M. Arce
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ricardo A. R. Machado
- Experimental Biology Group, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Gaia Besomi
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Anna Spescha
- Plant Pathology Group, Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Charlyne Jaccard
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Betty Benrey
- Laboratory of Evolutionary Entomology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ted C. J. Turlings
- Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Research in Chemical Ecology, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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Stahl E. New insights into the transcriptional regulation of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5358-5360. [PMID: 36095661 PMCID: PMC9467650 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Batyrshina ZS, Shavit R, Yaakov B, Bocobza S, Tzin V. 2022. The transcription factor gene TaMYB31 regulates the benzoxazinoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany73, 5634-5649. Benzoxazinoids (BXDs) are abundant indole-derived specialized metabolites in several monocot crop species, such as wheat, maize, and rye. They function in plant immunity against herbivorous arthropods and fungal pathogens, but also as iron chelators, in metal tolerance, and as allelochemicals. Although BXD biosynthetic pathways have been studied extensively and are well described, information about the transcriptional regulation of BXD biosynthesis is scarce. In the current issue of JXB, Batyrshina et al. (2022) identified the transcription factor gene TaMYB31 in the tetraploid wheat Triticum turgidum and verified its function as a component of BXD metabolism in the hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum, where it regulates constitutive and stress-inducible BXD biosynthesis.
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Batyrshina ZS, Shavit R, Yaakov B, Bocobza S, Tzin V. The transcription factor TaMYB31 regulates the benzoxazinoid biosynthetic pathway in wheat. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:5634-5649. [PMID: 35554544 PMCID: PMC9467655 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are specialized metabolites that are highly abundant in staple crops, such as maize and wheat. Although their biosynthesis has been studied for several decades, the regulatory mechanisms of the benzoxazinoid pathway remain unknown. Here, we report that the wheat transcription factor MYB31 functions as a regulator of benzoxazinoid biosynthesis genes. A transcriptomic analysis of tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum) tissue revealed the up-regulation of two TtMYB31 homoeologous genes upon aphid and caterpillar feeding. TaMYB31 gene silencing in the hexaploid wheat Triticum aestivum significantly reduced benzoxazinoid metabolite levels and led to susceptibility to herbivores. Thus, aphid progeny production, caterpillar body weight gain, and spider mite oviposition significantly increased in TaMYB31-silenced plants. A comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of hexaploid wheat revealed that the TaMYB31 gene is co-expressed with the target benzoxazinoid-encoded Bx genes under several biotic and environmental conditions. Therefore, we analyzed the effect of abiotic stresses on benzoxazinoid levels and discovered a strong accumulation of these compounds in the leaves. The results of a dual fluorescence assay indicated that TaMYB31 binds to the Bx1 and Bx4 gene promoters, thereby activating the transcription of genes involved in the benzoxazinoid pathway. Our finding is the first report of the transcriptional regulation mechanism of the benzoxazinoid pathway in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaniya S Batyrshina
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Reut Shavit
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Beery Yaakov
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben Gurion, 8499000, Israel
| | - Samuel Bocobza
- Department of Ornamentals and Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, The Volcani Center, 68 Hamakabim Road, 7528809, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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Premachandran K, Srinivasan TS. Polyphagous insect Olepa sps . feeding on cardenolide rich Calotropis gigantea (L.) leaves and detoxification mechanism involving GST. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10596. [PMID: 36177231 PMCID: PMC9513775 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardenolides, a group of cardiac glycosides are potent inhibitors of Na+/K+ ATPase pump in mammals, animals including insects. Some insects can circumvent the toxicity of cardenolides by mechanisms like target site resistance and metabolic resistance resulting in enhanced tolerance or adaptation. In this paper, we report an intriguing observation of a polyphagous feeder feeding gregariously on the leaves of Calotropis gigantea (L.) without any apparent adverse effect. No choice feeding assay showed higher larval biomass and reduced number of days to develop on C. gigantea leaves compared to Ricinus and banana. We found the activity of GST higher in C. gigantea fed larva and HR LC-MS analysis of Olepa sps. revealed the presence of glutathione-strophanthidin conjugate in larval body tissue. In silico molecular simulation results confirmed strong interaction between delta variant GST and glutathione-strophanthidin complex. The sequestration site and cost benefit of glutathione-strophanthidin sequestration in body tissues of Olepa sps. needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnamanikumar Premachandran
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Thanga Suja Srinivasan
- Centre for Climate Change Studies, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
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Mashabela MD, Tugizimana F, Steenkamp PA, Piater LA, Dubery IA, Mhlongo MI. Untargeted metabolite profiling to elucidate rhizosphere and leaf metabolome changes of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) treated with the plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria Paenibacillus alvei (T22) and Bacillus subtilis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:971836. [PMID: 36090115 PMCID: PMC9453603 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.971836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizosphere is a highly complex and biochemically diverse environment that facilitates plant–microbe and microbe–microbe interactions, and this region is found between plant roots and the bulk soil. Several studies have reported plant root exudation and metabolite secretion by rhizosphere-inhabiting microbes, suggesting that these metabolites play a vital role in plant–microbe interactions. However, the biochemical constellation of the rhizosphere soil is yet to be fully elucidated and thus remains extremely elusive. In this regard, the effects of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR)–plant interactions on the rhizosphere chemistry and above ground tissues are not fully understood. The current study applies an untargeted metabolomics approach to profile the rhizosphere exo-metabolome of wheat cultivars generated from seed inoculated (bio-primed) with Paenibacillus (T22) and Bacillus subtilis strains and to elucidate the effects of PGPR treatment on the metabolism of above-ground tissues. Chemometrics and molecular networking tools were used to process, mine and interpret the acquired mass spectrometry (MS) data. Global metabolome profiling of the rhizosphere soil of PGPR-bio-primed plants revealed differential accumulation of compounds from several classes of metabolites including phenylpropanoids, organic acids, lipids, organoheterocyclic compounds, and benzenoids. Of these, some have been reported to function in plant–microbe interactions, chemotaxis, biocontrol, and plant growth promotion. Metabolic perturbations associated with the primary and secondary metabolism were observed from the profiled leaf tissue of PGPR-bio-primed plants, suggesting a distal metabolic reprograming induced by PGPR seed bio-priming. These observations gave insights into the hypothetical framework which suggests that PGPR seed bio-priming can induce metabolic changes in plants leading to induced systemic response for adaptation to biotic and abiotic stress. Thus, this study contributes knowledge to ongoing efforts to decipher the rhizosphere metabolome and mechanistic nature of biochemical plant–microbe interactions, which could lead to metabolome engineering strategies for improved plant growth, priming for defense and sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manamele D. Mashabela
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fidele Tugizimana
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- International Research and Development Division, Omnia Group, Ltd., Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Paul A. Steenkamp
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lizelle A. Piater
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ian A. Dubery
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Msizi I. Mhlongo
- Research Centre for Plant Metabolomics, Department of Biochemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
- *Correspondence: Msizi I. Mhlongo,
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Bioactive Nitrosylated and Nitrated N-(2-hydroxyphenyl)acetamides and Derived Oligomers: An Alternative Pathway to 2-Amidophenol-Derived Phytotoxic Metabolites. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154786. [PMID: 35897961 PMCID: PMC9330447 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Incubation of Aminobacter aminovorans, Paenibacillus polymyxa, and Arthrobacter MPI764 with the microbial 2-benzoxazolinone (BOA)-degradation-product 2-acetamido-phenol, produced from 2-aminophenol, led to the recently identified N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl) acetamide, to the hitherto unknown N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrosophenyl)acetamide, and to N-(2-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetamide. As an alternative to the formation of phenoxazinone derived from aminophenol, dimers- and trimers-transformation products have been found. Identification of the compounds was carried out by LC/HRMS and MS/MS and, for the new structure N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrosophenyl)acetamide, additionally by 1D- and 2D-NMR. Incubation of microorganisms, such as the soil bacteria Pseudomonas laurentiana, Arthrobacter MPI763, the yeast Papiliotrema baii and Pantoea ananatis, and the plants Brassica oleracea var. gongylodes L. (kohlrabi) and Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0, with N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl) acetamide, led to its glucoside derivative as a prominent detoxification product; in the case of Pantoea ananatis, this was together with the corresponding glucoside succinic acid ester. In contrast, Actinomucor elegans consortium synthesized 2-acetamido-4-nitrophenyl sulfate. 1 mM bioactive N-(2-hydroxy-5-nitrophenyl) acetamide elicits alterations in the Arabidopsis thaliana expression profile of several genes. The most responsive upregulated gene was pathogen-inducible terpene synthase TPS04. The bioactivity of the compound is rapidly annihilated by glucosylation.
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Ji M, Bui H, Ramirez RA, Clark RM. Concerted cis and trans effects underpin heightened defense gene expression in multi-herbivore-resistant maize lines. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 111:508-528. [PMID: 35575017 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In maize (Zea mays ssp. mays), agriculturally damaging herbivores include lepidopteran insects, such as the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), and distantly related arthropods, like the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae). A small number of maize lines, including B96 and B75, are highly resistant to both herbivores, and B96 is also resistant to thrips. Using T. urticae as a representative pest that causes significant leaf tissue damage, we examined the gene expression responses of these lines to herbivory in comparison with each other and with the susceptible line B73. Upon herbivory, the most resistant line, B96, showed the strongest gene expression response, with a dramatic upregulation of genes associated with jasmonic acid biosynthesis and signaling, as well as the biosynthesis of specialized herbivore deterrent compounds, such as death acids and benzoxazinoids. Extending this work with allele-specific expression analyses in F1 hybrids, we inferred that the concerted upregulation of many defense genes, including the majority of benzoxazinoid biosynthetic genes in B96, as compared with B73, for the herbivore treatment, resulted from an assemblage of trans control and multiple cis effects acting with similar directionality on gene expression. Further, at the level of individual and potentially rate limiting genes in several major defense pathways, cis and trans effects acted in a reinforcing manner to result in exceptionally high expression in B96. Our study provides a comprehensive resource of cis elements for maize lines important in breeding efforts for herbivore resistance, and reveals potential genetic underpinnings of the origins of multi-herbivore resistance in plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyuan Ji
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Huyen Bui
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Ricardo A Ramirez
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, UT, 84332, USA
| | - Richard M Clark
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, 257 South 1400 East Rm 201, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Henry Eyring Center for Cell and Genome Science, University of Utah, 1390 Presidents Circle, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
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Israni B, Luck K, Römhild SCW, Raguschke B, Wielsch N, Hupfer Y, Reichelt M, Svatoš A, Gershenzon J, Vassão DG. Alternative transcript splicing regulates UDP-glucosyltransferase-catalyzed detoxification of DIMBOA in the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Sci Rep 2022; 12:10343. [PMID: 35725775 PMCID: PMC9209448 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14551-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects often possess the ability to detoxify chemical defenses from their host plants. The fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), which feeds principally on maize, detoxifies the maize benzoxazinoid 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIMBOA) by stereoselective re-glucosylation using a UDP-glucosyltransferase, SfUGT33F28. SfUGT33F28 activity is induced by feeding on a DIMBOA-containing diet, but how this induction is regulated is unknown. In the present work, we describe the alternative splicing of the SfUGT33F28 transcript. Variant transcripts are differentially expressed in response to DIMBOA, and this transcriptional response is mediated by an insect aryl hydrocarbon receptor. These variants have large deletions leading to the production of truncated proteins that have no intrinsic UGT activity with DIMBOA but interact with the full-length enzyme to raise or lower its activity. Therefore, the formation of SfUGT33F28 splice variants induces DIMBOA-conjugating UGT activity when DIMBOA is present in the insect diet and represses activity in the absence of this plant defense compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawana Israni
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany.
| | - Katrin Luck
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Yvonne Hupfer
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | | | - Aleš Svatoš
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
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Shavit R, Batyrshina ZS, Yaakov B, Florean M, Köllner TG, Tzin V. The wheat dioxygenase BX6 is involved in the formation of benzoxazinoids in planta and contributes to plant defense against insect herbivores. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 316:111171. [PMID: 35151455 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benzoxazinoids are plant specialized metabolites with defense properties, highly abundant in wheat (Triticum), one of the world's most important crops. The goal of our study was to characterize dioxygenase BX6 genes in tetraploid and hexaploid wheat genotypes and to elucidate their effects on defense against herbivores. Phylogenetic analysis revealed four BX6 genes in the hexaploid wheat T. aestivum, but only one ortholog was found in the tetraploid (T. turgidum) wild emmer wheat and the cultivated durum wheat. Transcriptome sequencing of durum wheat plants, damaged by either aphids or caterpillars, revealed that several BX genes, including TtBX6, were upregulated upon caterpillar feeding, relative to the undamaged control plants. A virus-induced gene silencing approach was used to reduce the expression of BX6 in T. aestivum plants, which exhibited both reduced transcript levels and reduced accumulation of different benzoxazinoids. To elucidate the effect of BX6 on plant defense, bioassays with different herbivores feeding on BX6-silenced leaves were conducted. The results showed that plants with silenced BX6 were more susceptible to aphids and the two-spotted spider mite than the control. Overall, our study indicates that wheat BX6 is involved in benzoxazinoid formation in planta and contributes to plant resistance against insect herbivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reut Shavit
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Zhaniya S Batyrshina
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Beery Yaakov
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel
| | - Matilde Florean
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias G Köllner
- Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Vered Tzin
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel.
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Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052690. [PMID: 35269836 PMCID: PMC8910576 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is regulated by the interplay of signaling molecules comprising phytohormones. Plant volatile metabolites are released upon herbivore attack and are capable of directly inducing or priming hormonal defense signaling pathways. Secondary metabolites enable plants to quickly detect herbivore attacks and respond in a timely way in a rapidly changing scenario of pest and environment. Several studies have suggested that the potential for adaptation and/or resistance by insect herbivores to secondary metabolites is limited. These metabolites cause direct toxicity to insect pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms in plants to insect herbivores, and, by recruiting herbivore natural enemies, indirectly protect the plants. Herbivores adapt to secondary metabolites by the up/down regulation of sensory genes, and sequestration or detoxification of toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, herbivores, natural enemies and pollinators. Although the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pollinator interplay has been little explored, several reports suggest that both plants and pollinators are mutually benefited. Molecular insights into the regulatory proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites will pave the way for the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway intermediates for improving plant tolerance to herbivores. This review throws light on the role of PSMs in modulating multi-trophic interactions, contributing to the knowledge of plant-herbivore interactions to enable their management in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner.
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Divekar PA, Narayana S, Divekar BA, Kumar R, Gadratagi BG, Ray A, Singh AK, Rani V, Singh V, Singh AK, Kumar A, Singh RP, Meena RS, Behera TK. Plant Secondary Metabolites as Defense Tools against Herbivores for Sustainable Crop Protection. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052690. [PMID: 35269836 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052690/s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have evolved several adaptive strategies through physiological changes in response to herbivore attacks. Plant secondary metabolites (PSMs) are synthesized to provide defensive functions and regulate defense signaling pathways to safeguard plants against herbivores. Herbivore injury initiates complex reactions which ultimately lead to synthesis and accumulation of PSMs. The biosynthesis of these metabolites is regulated by the interplay of signaling molecules comprising phytohormones. Plant volatile metabolites are released upon herbivore attack and are capable of directly inducing or priming hormonal defense signaling pathways. Secondary metabolites enable plants to quickly detect herbivore attacks and respond in a timely way in a rapidly changing scenario of pest and environment. Several studies have suggested that the potential for adaptation and/or resistance by insect herbivores to secondary metabolites is limited. These metabolites cause direct toxicity to insect pests, stimulate antixenosis mechanisms in plants to insect herbivores, and, by recruiting herbivore natural enemies, indirectly protect the plants. Herbivores adapt to secondary metabolites by the up/down regulation of sensory genes, and sequestration or detoxification of toxic metabolites. PSMs modulate multi-trophic interactions involving host plants, herbivores, natural enemies and pollinators. Although the role of secondary metabolites in plant-pollinator interplay has been little explored, several reports suggest that both plants and pollinators are mutually benefited. Molecular insights into the regulatory proteins and genes involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites will pave the way for the metabolic engineering of biosynthetic pathway intermediates for improving plant tolerance to herbivores. This review throws light on the role of PSMs in modulating multi-trophic interactions, contributing to the knowledge of plant-herbivore interactions to enable their management in an eco-friendly and sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Adinath Divekar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Srinivasa Narayana
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221305, India
| | | | - Rajeev Kumar
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Basana Gowda Gadratagi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack 753006, India
| | - Aishwarya Ray
- Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur 492012, India
| | - Achuit Kumar Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Vijaya Rani
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Vikas Singh
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Regional Research Station, Sargatia, Kushinagar 274406, India
| | - Akhilesh Kumar Singh
- College of Horticulture, Banda University of Agriculture and Technology, Banda 210001, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwa Vidyalaya, Sheopur 476339, India
| | - Rudra Pratap Singh
- Acharya Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology, Ayodhya, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Kotwa, Azamgarh 276207, India
| | - Radhe Shyam Meena
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221305, India
| | - Tusar Kanti Behera
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research (IIVR), Varanasi 221305, India
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Kallure GS, Kumari A, Shinde BA, Giri AP. Characterized constituents of insect herbivore oral secretions and their influence on the regulation of plant defenses. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 193:113008. [PMID: 34768189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
For more than 350 million years, there have been ongoing dynamic interactions between plants and insects. In several cases, insects cause-specific feeding damage with ensuing herbivore-associated molecular patterns that invoke characteristic defense responses. During feeding on plant tissue, insects release oral secretions (OSs) containing a repertoire of molecules affecting plant defense (effectors). Some of these OS components might elicit a defense response to combat insect attacks (elicitors), while some might curb the plant defenses (suppressors). Few reports suggest that the synthesis and function of OS components might depend on the host plant and associated microorganisms. We review these intricate plant-insect interactions, during which there is a continuous exchange of molecules between plants and feeding insects along with the associated microorganisms. We further provide a list of commonly identified inducible plant produced defensive molecules released upon insect attack as well as in response to OS treatments of the plants. Thus, we describe how plants specialized and defense-related metabolism is modulated at innumerable phases by OS during plant-insect interactions. A molecular understanding of these complex interactions will provide a means to design eco-friendly crop protection strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal S Kallure
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Archana Kumari
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Balkrishna A Shinde
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India; Department of Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Vidya Nagar, Kolhapur, 416004, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 411 008, Maharashtra, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Hazrati H, Fomsgaard IS, Ding L, Kudsk P. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics unravel the transfer of bioactive compounds between rye and neighbouring plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3492-3501. [PMID: 34331317 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Translocation of metabolites between different plant species provides important hints in understanding the fate of bioactive root exudates. In the present study, targeted and untargeted mass spectrometry-based metabolomics was applied to elucidate the transfer of bioactive compounds between rye and several crops and weed species. Our results demonstrated that benzoxazinoids (BXs) synthesized by rye were taken up by roots of neighbouring plant species and translocated into their shoots. Furthermore, we showed that roots of rye plants took up compounds originating from neighbouring plants. Among the compounds taken up by rye roots, wogonin was detected in the rye shoot, which indicated a root-to-shoot translocation of this compound. Elucidating the transfer of bioactive compounds between plants is essential for understanding plant-plant interactions, developing natural pesticides and understanding their modes of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hazrati
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ling Ding
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Per Kudsk
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
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50
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Cadot S, Gfeller V, Hu L, Singh N, Sánchez‐Vallet A, Glauser G, Croll D, Erb M, van der Heijden MGA, Schlaeppi K. Soil composition and plant genotype determine benzoxazinoid-mediated plant-soil feedbacks in cereals. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3502-3514. [PMID: 34505297 PMCID: PMC9292949 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant-soil feedbacks refer to effects on plants that are mediated by soil modifications caused by the previous plant generation. Maize conditions the surrounding soil by secretion of root exudates including benzoxazinoids (BXs), a class of bioactive secondary metabolites. Previous work found that a BX-conditioned soil microbiota enhances insect resistance while reducing biomass in the next generation of maize plants. Whether these BX-mediated and microbially driven feedbacks are conserved across different soils and response species is unknown. We found the BX-feedbacks on maize growth and insect resistance conserved between two arable soils, but absent in a more fertile grassland soil, suggesting a soil-type dependence of BX feedbacks. We demonstrated that wheat also responded to BX-feedbacks. While the negative growth response to BX-conditioning was conserved in both cereals, insect resistance showed opposite patterns, with an increase in maize and a decrease in wheat. Wheat pathogen resistance was not affected. Finally and consistent with maize, we found the BX-feedbacks to be cultivar-specific. Taken together, BX-feedbacks affected cereal growth and resistance in a soil and genotype-dependent manner. Cultivar-specificity of BX-feedbacks is a key finding, as it hides the potential to optimize crops that avoid negative plant-soil feedbacks in rotations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Cadot
- Division of Agroecology and EnvironmentAgroscopeZurichSwitzerland
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | | | - Lingfei Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and EnvironmentZhejiang UniversityZhejiangChina
| | - Nikhil Singh
- Laboratory of Evolutionary GeneticsUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Andrea Sánchez‐Vallet
- Plant Pathology, Institute of Integrative BiologyETH ZürichZürichSwitzerland
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP)Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)Campus de Montegancedo UPMPozuelo de Alarcón (Madrid)Spain
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical ChemistryUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Daniel Croll
- Laboratory of Evolutionary GeneticsUniversity of NeuchâtelNeuchâtelSwitzerland
| | - Matthias Erb
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | | | - Klaus Schlaeppi
- Division of Agroecology and EnvironmentAgroscopeZurichSwitzerland
- Institute of Plant SciencesUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
- Department of Environmental SciencesUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
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