1
|
Adamis D, West S, Singh J, Hanley L, Coada I, McCarthy G, Langan N, Gavin B, McNicholas F. Functional impairment and quality of life in newly diagnosed adults attending a tertiary ADHD clinic in Ireland. Ir J Med Sci 2024; 193:2433-2441. [PMID: 38755511 DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention Deficit-Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder, often persisting into adulthood. AIMS To investigate the levels of functionality and quality of life (QoL) in adult patients newly diagnosed with ADHD and to compare with those without an ADHD diagnosis. METHODS Consecutive patients who were referred to and assessed in a tertiary adult ADHD clinic enrolled in the study. Diagnosis of ADHD was based on DSM-5 criteria. Functionality was measured using the Weiss Functional Impairment Rating Scale (WFIRS) and the Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). QoL was assessed with the Adult ADHD Quality of Life Questionnaire (AAQoL). RESULTS Three-hundred and forty participants were recruited, 177 (52.1%) females. Of them 293 (86.2%) were newly diagnosed with ADHD. Those with ADHD had significant lower functionality as it was measured with the WFIRS and GAF, and worse QoL (AAQoL) compared to those without. In addition, a significant correlation between GAF and WFIRS was found. CONCLUSIONS The results show that adults with ADHD have decreased functionality and worse QoL when compared against those presenting with a similar symptomatology, but no ADHD diagnosis. ADHD is not just a behavioural disorder in childhood, but a lifelong condition with accumulating problems that can lead to lower QoL and impaired functioning throughout adulthood.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Adamis
- Sligo Mental Health Services, Clarion Rd, Sligo, Ireland.
- University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
- University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
- University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Sam West
- Sligo Mental Health Services, Clarion Rd, Sligo, Ireland
- University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jasmin Singh
- Sligo Mental Health Services, Clarion Rd, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Liadan Hanley
- Sligo Mental Health Services, Clarion Rd, Sligo, Ireland
- University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Iulian Coada
- Sligo Mental Health Services, Clarion Rd, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Geraldine McCarthy
- Sligo Mental Health Services, Clarion Rd, Sligo, Ireland
- University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Natasha Langan
- Sligo Mental Health Services, Clarion Rd, Sligo, Ireland
| | | | - Fiona McNicholas
- University College Dublin, Lucena CAMHS Rathgar, CHI Crumlin Dublin 12, Dublin 7, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chen PY, Jia F, Wu W, Wang MH, Chao TY. Dealing with missing data in multi-informant studies: A comparison of approaches. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:6498-6519. [PMID: 38418689 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Multi-informant studies are popular in social and behavioral science. However, their data analyses are challenging because data from different informants carry both shared and unique information and are often incomplete. Using Monte Carlo Simulation, the current study compares three approaches that can be used to analyze incomplete multi-informant data when there is a distinction between reference and nonreference informants. These approaches include a two-method measurement model for planned missing data (2MM-PMD), treating nonreference informants' reports as auxiliary variables with the full-information maximum likelihood method or multiple imputation, and listwise deletion. The result suggests that 2MM-PMD, when correctly specified and data are missing at random, has the best overall performance among the examined approaches regarding point estimates, type I error rates, and statistical power. In addition, it is also more robust to data that are not missing at random.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Chen
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106308.
| | - Fan Jia
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of California Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Tzi-Yang Chao
- Department of Educational Psychology and Counseling, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan, 106308
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Inci Izmir SB, Aktan ZD, Ercan ES. The Comparison of Psychological Factors and Executive Functions of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome to ADHD and ADHD Comorbid with Oppositional Defiant Disorder. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1555-1576. [PMID: 39092505 DOI: 10.1177/10870547241267379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aims to examine family functionality, emotion regulation difficulties, preference for loneliness, social exclusion, internalizing and externalizing disorders, and executive functions in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Cognitive Disengagement Syndrome (CDS) and compare with ADHD, and ADHD+ Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). METHOD This study included 842 children aged 8-12 years. The subjects were categorized according to DSM-V as ADHD (n = 246), ADHD + ODD (n = 212), ADHD + CDS (n = 176), and Control group (n = 207). The solitude and social exclusion, difficulties in emotion dysregulation and Barkley SCT scales, Child Behavior Checklist, family assessment device, and Central Vital Signs (CNSVS) test were used. RESULTS According to the study, children with ADHD + CDS had higher rates of internalizing disorders. They also preferred being alone and experienced more difficulty communicating with their parents and solving problems within the family. Additionally, these children had difficulty recognizing and understanding the emotional reactions of others. The ADHD + ODD group presented a poorer performance on CNSVS domain tests except for the psychomotor speed test than other groups. Also, ADHD + CDS children had the lowest psychomotor speed scores and lower scores on reaction time and cognitive flexibility than pure ADHD children. CONCLUSION This study will contribute to the etiology, treatment, and clinical discrimination of ADHD + CDS.
Collapse
|
4
|
French B, Nalbant G, Wright H, Sayal K, Daley D, Groom MJ, Cassidy S, Hall CL. The impacts associated with having ADHD: an umbrella review. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1343314. [PMID: 38840946 PMCID: PMC11151783 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1343314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects up to 5% of the population and is characterised by symptoms of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. These symptoms are significantly impairing and carry additional risks for children and adults with ADHD, including negative mental health (e.g. depression), physical health (e.g. obesity) and societal outcomes (e.g. imprisonment, divorce). Very few studies have attempted to synthesise these risks in one publication due to the breadth of evidence published on the adverse outcomes of ADHD. Methods An umbrella review was performed to identify reviews (systematic, meta-analysis and narrative) that investigate the risks arising from having ADHD. We conducted a narrative synthesis of the findings and conducted a quality review of the included publications. Results Upon searching five databases, 16,675 records were identified. Of these, 125 reviews met the criteria for inclusion. A narrative synthesis of these findings highlighted three key domains of risks associated with ADHD: mental health, physical health, social and lifestyle. Most reviews were of good and moderate quality. Discussion This review highlights the many risks associated with having ADHD, beyond its three key symptom domains and the impact of the condition on daily functioning. Registration International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO CRD42023404073).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blandine French
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gamze Nalbant
- Lifespan and Population Health Unit, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Wright
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Kapil Sayal
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Daley
- Nottingham Trent University (NTU) Psychology, School of Social Science, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Madeleine J. Groom
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Cassidy
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte L. Hall
- NIHR MindTech MedTech Cooperative, Nottingham National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Center (NIHR BRC), Institute of Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Baweja R, Faraone SV, Childress AC, Weiss MD, Loo SK, Wilens TE, Waxmonsky JG. From Consensus Statement to Pills to Pixels: New Innovations in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Care. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2024; 34:167-182. [PMID: 38686563 PMCID: PMC11302246 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2024.0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: This review aims to present recent innovations and advancements in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) care, encompassing international consensus statement, new medication formulations, digital therapeutics, and neurostimulation devices. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of relevant articles published in the past five years was conducted, emphasizing the evidence base, efficacy, safety, and practical implications of these advancements. Results: The World Federation of ADHD Consensus Statement offers an updated diagnostic and treatment framework rooted in global scientific evidence. There are several newer ADHD medication formulations, including a nonstimulant (Viloxazine extended release) and the first transdermal amphetamine patch approved to treat ADHD. These options offer some unique benefits to personalize treatment based on symptom profile, lifestyle, preferences, and response. Digital tools offer additional means to restructure environments for individuals with ADHD, reducing impairment and reliance on others. In addition, digital therapeutics enhance access, affordability, personalization, and feasibility of ADHD care, complementing or augmenting existing interventions. Trigeminal nerve stimulation emerges as a well-tolerated nonpharmacological, device-based treatment for pediatric ADHD, with initial trials indicating effect sizes comparable to nonstimulant medications. Conclusions: These innovations in ADHD care represent clinically significant new treatment options and opportunities for personalized care. Health care professionals should integrate these developments into clinical practice, mindful of individual patient and family needs and preferences. Future research should assess long-term outcomes, cost-effectiveness, and acceptability of these innovations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raman Baweja
- Pennsylvania State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen V. Faraone
- Norton College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Ann C. Childress
- Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Margaret D. Weiss
- Los Angeles Semel Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Sandra K. Loo
- Cambridge Health Alliance, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Perry N, Boulton KA, Hodge A, Ong N, Phillips N, Howard K, Raghunandan R, Silove N, Guastella AJ. A psychometric investigation of health-related quality of life measures for paediatric neurodevelopment assessment: Reliability and concurrent validity of the PEDS-QL, CHU-9D, and the EQ-5D-Y. Autism Res 2024; 17:972-988. [PMID: 38597587 DOI: 10.1002/aur.3127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
There is a need for tools that can provide a brief assessment of functioning for children with neurodevelopmental conditions, including health-related quality of life (HR-QoL). This study evaluated the psychometric properties of three commonly used and well known HR-QoL measures in a cohort of children presenting to clinical developmental assessment services. The most common diagnoses received in these assessment services were autism spectrum disorders. Findings showed good internal consistency for the PedsQL and the CHU-9D, but not the EQ-5D-Y. This research also found that the CHU-9D, EQ-5D-Y, and PedsQL correlated with relevant functioning domains assessed by the VABS-III. Overall, the measures showed that children with neurodevelopmental conditions experienced poor HR-QoL. The majority of children (>86%) met cut-off criteria for significant health concerns on the PedsQL. On the EQ-5D-Y and CHU-9D, they showed reduced HR-QoL particularly on domains relating to school and homework, being able to join in activities, looking after self, and doing usual activities. This study supports the use of the CHU-9D and PedsQL in this population to assess and potentially track HR-QoL in a broad neurodevelopment paediatric population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Perry
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K A Boulton
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Hodge
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Ong
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Phillips
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K Howard
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Raghunandan
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N Silove
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child Development Unit, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A J Guastella
- Clinic for Autism and Neurodevelopment (CAN) Research, Brain and Mind Centre, Children's Hospital Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Child Neurodevelopment and Mental Health Team, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arildskov TW, Thomsen PH, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Lambek R, Østergaard SD, Virring A. Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) a Dimension or a Category? What Does the Relationship Between ADHD Traits and Psychosocial Quality of Life Tell Us? J Atten Disord 2024; 28:1035-1044. [PMID: 38281108 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231222228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The question of whether attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a discrete category or a continuous dimension remains clinically relevant. We report the first examination of this question from the viewpoint of the relationship between ADHD traits and psychosocial quality of life (QoL), and whether the level of QoL declines markedly around a certain high ADHD trait range suggestive of a categorical boundary. METHODS Parents/caregivers of 1,967 schoolchildren aged 6 to 11 from the general population completed the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and the ADHD-Rating Scale IV. Piecewise linear and non-linear regression analyses were performed. RESULTS No evidence for a non-linear association or an abrupt change in the rate of decrease in QoL was observed in the high end of the ADHD traits continuum. Instead, the relationship was consistent with linearity. CONCLUSION Psychosocial QoL gradually declines in a linear manner as ADHD trait levels increase providing further support for a dimensional model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trine Wigh Arildskov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Per Hove Thomsen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
| | - Edmund J S Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Rikke Lambek
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren D Østergaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Denmark
- Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Anne Virring
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus N, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ho YF, Chen YL, Stewart R, Hsu TC, Chen VCH. Maternal asthma and asthma exacerbation during pregnancy and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring: a population-based cohort study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-024-02426-6. [PMID: 38600406 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-024-02426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The link between inflammatory disorders, such as asthma, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is attracting increasing attention but few studies have examined cross-generational associations. We sought to examine associations of maternal asthma and asthma exacerbation during pregnancy, as well as paternal asthma, with the risk of ADHD in children. This population-based cohort study used data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database from 2004 to 2017. Cox regression models compared the risk of ADHD in children of parents with and without asthma, adjusting for parental sociodemographic, physical, and mental health conditions, as well as the child's birth weight, and number of births. A sibling control approach was employed to compensate for unmeasured confounders of asthma exacerbation during pregnancy. In the fully adjusted models, maternal and paternal asthma were both significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring, with hazard ratios (HRs) of 1.36 (1.31-1.40) and 1.10 (1.05-1.14), respectively. Acute asthma exacerbation during pregnancy was not associated with the risk of further offspring ADHD (adjusted HR 1.00, 95% CI: 0.75-1.34). Both maternal and paternal asthma are associated with an increased risk of ADHD in offspring. The risk was higher from maternal asthma. However, no such association was found with maternal asthma exacerbation during pregnancy of sibling comparison.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Feng Ho
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taso-Tun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Lung Chen
- Department of Healthcare Administration, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Psychology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Robert Stewart
- King's College London (Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience), London, UK
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Tsai-Ching Hsu
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Immunology Center, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Vincent Chin-Hung Chen
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mahjoob M, Cardy R, Penner M, Anagnostou E, Andrade BF, Crosbie J, Kelley E, Ayub M, Ayub M, Brian J, Iaboni A, Schachar R, Georgiades S, Nicolson R, Jones J, Kushki A. Predictors of health-related quality of life for children with neurodevelopmental conditions. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6377. [PMID: 38493236 PMCID: PMC10944519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56821-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental conditions can be associated with decreased health-related quality of life; however, the predictors of these outcomes remain largely unknown. We characterized the predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of neurodiverse children and youth. We used a cross-sectional subsample from the Province of Ontario Neurodevelopmental Disorders Network (POND) consisting of those children and young people in the POND dataset with complete study data (total n = 615; 31% female; age: 11.28 years ± 2.84 years). Using a structural equation model, we investigated the effects of demographics (age, sex, socioeconomic status), core features (Social Communication Questionnaire, Toronto Obsessive Compulsive Scale, Strengths and Weaknesses of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)-symptoms and Normal Behavior), co-occurring symptoms (Child Behaviour Checklist), and adaptive functioning (Adaptive Behaviour Assessment System) on HRQoL (KINDL). A total of 615 participants had complete data for this study (autism = 135, ADHD = 273, subthreshold ADHD = 7, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) = 38, sub-threshold OCD = 1, neurotypical = 161). Of these participants, 190 (31%) identified as female, and 425 (69%) identified as male. The mean age was 11.28 years ± 2.84 years. Health-related quality of life was negatively associated with co-occurring symptoms (B = - 0.6, SE = 0.20, CI (- 0.95, - 0.19), p = 0.004)) and age (B = - 0.1, SE = 0.04, CI (- 0.19, - 0.01), p = 0.037). Fewer co-occurring symptoms were associated with higher socioeconomic status (B = - 0.5, SE = - 0.05, CI (- 0.58, - 0.37), p < 0.001). This study used a cross-sectional design. Given that one's experiences, needs, supports, and environment and thus HrQoL may change significantly over the lifespan and a longitudinal analysis of predictors is needed to capture these changes. Future studies with more diverse participant groups are needed. These results demonstrate the importance of behavioural and sociodemographic characteristics on health-related quality of life across neurodevelopmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Mahjoob
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robyn Cardy
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Melanie Penner
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Evdokia Anagnostou
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Brendan F Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry, Margaret and Wallace McCain Centre for Child Youth and Family Mental Health, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jennifer Crosbie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Muhammad Ayub
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Jessica Brian
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Alana Iaboni
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada
| | - Russell Schachar
- Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children (SickKids), Toronto, Canada
| | - Stelios Georgiades
- Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Rob Nicolson
- Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Jessica Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Azadeh Kushki
- Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, 150 Kilgour Road, Toronto, ON, M4G 1R8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Paiva GCDC, de Paula JJ, Costa DDS, Alvim-Soares A, Santos DAFE, Jales JS, Romano-Silva MA, de Miranda DM. Parent training for disruptive behavior symptoms in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a randomized clinical trial. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1293244. [PMID: 38434955 PMCID: PMC10906662 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1293244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 5% of children and 2.5% of adults worldwide. Comorbidities are frequent, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) reaches 50%. Family environment is crucial for the severity of behaviors and for prognosis. In middle-income countries, access to treatment is challenging, with more untreated children than those under treatment. Face-to-face behavioral parent training (PT) is a well-established intervention to improve child behavior and parenting. Method A clinical trial was designed to compare PT-online and face-to-face effects to a waiting list group. Outcomes were the ADHD and ODD symptoms, parental stress and styles, and quality of life. Families were allocated into three groups: standard treatment (ST), ST + PT online, and ST + Face-to-Face PT. We used repeated measures ANOVA for pre × post treatment analysis corrected for multiple comparisons. Results and discussion Parent training was effective in reducing symptoms of ADHD (p = 0.030) and ODD (p = 0.026) irrespective of modality (p = 1.000). The combination of ST and PT was also associated with better quality of life in the physical domain for patients (p = 0.009) and their parents (p = 0.050). In addition to preliminary data, online intervention seems effective for parenting and improving social acceptance of children. The potential to reach many by an online strategy with a self-directed platform may imply effectiveness with a low cost for public health to support parents' symptoms management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle Chequer de Castro Paiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center of Impulsivity and Attention, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jonas Jardim de Paula
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Danielle de Souza Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center of Impulsivity and Attention, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Antônio Alvim-Soares
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center of Impulsivity and Attention, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Silva Jales
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center of Impulsivity and Attention, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Romano-Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Saúde Mental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Débora Marques de Miranda
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Center of Impulsivity and Attention, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen CY, Lee KY, Fung XCC, Chen JK, Lai YC, Potenza MN, Chang KC, Fang CY, Pakpour AH, Lin CY. Problematic Use of Internet Associates with Poor Quality of Life via Psychological Distress in Invididuals with ADHD. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2024; 17:443-455. [PMID: 38352630 PMCID: PMC10863463 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s449369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Problematic use of internet (PUI) may have negative impacts on psychological distress and quality of life (QoL). This situation might be more profound in people with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) due to poorer behavioral control and regulatory capacity. However, there is little evidence regarding mediated effects in the associations between PUI, psychological distress, and QoL in people with ADHD. Aims To investigate mediating effects of psychological distress in the associations of problematic smartphone use (PSPU), problematic use of social media (PUSM), and problematic gaming (PG) with QoL in individuals with ADHD. Methods and Procedures PUI behaviors of participants with ADHD (n = 99) were assessed using the Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale, Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale, and Internet Gaming Disorder-Short Form. Psychological distress was assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale and QoL using the Kid-KINDL. Outcomes and Results Psychological distress mediated the associations between PUI and different domains of QoL, except for self-esteem QoL. There were also positively direct effects between PG and physical QoL, PUSM and friends' QoL, and PSPU and physical QoL. Conclusions and Implications PUI may associate with poor QoL in people with ADHD via psychological distress. Programs on reducing PUI for people with ADHD are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Ying Chen
- School of Physical Therapy and Graduate Institute of Rehabilitation Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- New Taipei City Tucheng Hospital (Chang Gung Medical Foundation), Department of Pediatric Internal Medicine, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ying Lee
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xavier C C Fung
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong
| | - Ji-Kang Chen
- Department of Social Work, Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yu-Chen Lai
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 621, Taiwan
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA
- Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kun-Chia Chang
- Department of General Psychiatry, Jianan Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Yin Fang
- Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, 621, Taiwan
| | - Amir H Pakpour
- Department of Nursing, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Chung-Ying Lin
- Institute of Allied Health Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- INTI International University, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, 71800, Malaysia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Marquet-Doléac J, Biotteau M, Chaix Y. Behavioral Parent Training for School-Aged Children With ADHD: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials. J Atten Disord 2024; 28:377-393. [PMID: 38083879 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231211595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND All guidelines for the treatment of ADHD in children include behavioral parent training in combination with other strategies. In the past, several systematic reviews have been carried out that were either outdated or not sufficiently specific to ADHD. We wanted to conduct a new review focusing on a specific ADHD population of school age (4-12 years) and on behavioral and cognitive programs. We aimed to test our hypothesis that behavioral parent training would improve parents' difficulties, children's symptomatology, and the quality of life of families with ADHD. METHODS PUBMED, PsychInfo, Web of Science, ERIC, and Cochrane databases were searched for original articles on randomized control trials on behavioral parent training group for children with ADHD aged from 4 to 12 years until July 2023. RESULTS A total of 20 studies were included in the systematic review. The results were divided into four categories: parent data, child data collected by parents, teachers, or researchers. A qualitative analysis revealed for parents, effects on parental stress, feelings of parental efficacy, and negative parental educational behavior. As regard children, only effects are noted for parental assessment, on ADHD symptomatology, externalized disorders, and social skills. CONCLUSION Despite the heterogeneity or small number of studies in some categories, BPTs have positive effects on both parents and children. There are no convincing results to support the generalization of progress. This would seem to indicate that it remains essential to consider actions specific to each problematic environment for the child.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Marquet-Doléac
- University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, France
- University of Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, France
| | - Maëlle Biotteau
- University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, France
- Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Yves Chaix
- University of Toulouse, INSERM, UPS, France
- Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Boukouvala M, Hyphantis T, Koullourou I, Tzotzi A, Mitropoulou A, Mantas C, Petrikis P, Serdari A, Siafaka V, Kotsis K. Health-Related Quality of Life in Kindergarten Children with Developmental Language Disorder: Child-Mother Agreement. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:1017. [PMID: 38131873 PMCID: PMC10740897 DOI: 10.3390/bs13121017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Language disorders are associated with difficulties in various aspects of life, such as academic and social functioning, resulting in impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Most studies use a parent proxy method to assess HRQoL. Since HRQoL refers to the subjective experience of an individual, it is necessary to assess children's perspectives along with their mothers'. The aim of the current study is to explore HRQoL rating agreement between children and their mothers, since the literature on other conditions suggests that discrepancies seem to reflect their different perspectives. Thus, 53 Greek-speaking children diagnosed with DLD attending kindergarten and their mothers completed, respectively, self-report and parent proxy PedsQLTM questionnaires. Mothers reported significantly better HRQoL than their children with developmental language disorder (DLD) in all HRQoL domains (p < 0.001). Poor agreement was revealed after comparing the scores from both responders, both in abstract domains, such as emotional functioning, as well as in more observable ones, such as physical health (ICC ranged from -0.05 to 0.07). Bland-Altman plots also showed poor agreement on HRQoL. Our results expand on the already known, from other conditions, importance of evaluating children's subjective experience of their HRQoL in kindergarten children with DLD. A multi-informant approach is ideal, and clinicians should prioritize children's view about their lives even when they are kindergarten-age. This approach could inform interventions focusing not only on language skills but also on other areas where it is necessary, depending on the child's subjective experience combined with the maternal perspective.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Boukouvala
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.B.); (T.H.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Thomas Hyphantis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.B.); (T.H.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Iouliani Koullourou
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.B.); (T.H.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Alexandra Tzotzi
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.B.); (T.H.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Andromachi Mitropoulou
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.B.); (T.H.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Christos Mantas
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.B.); (T.H.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Petros Petrikis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.B.); (T.H.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| | - Aspasia Serdari
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68 100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Vassiliki Siafaka
- Department of Speech & Language Therapy, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 500 Ioannina, Greece;
| | - Konstantinos Kotsis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Ioannina, 45 110 Ioannina, Greece; (M.B.); (T.H.); (I.K.); (A.T.); (A.M.); (P.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lykke C, Ekholm O, Olsen M, Sjøgren P. Paediatric end-of-life care - symptoms and problems: parent assessment. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2023; 13:e327-e333. [PMID: 33707300 DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2021-002891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Symptoms and problems (S&P) are under-reported in children in end-of-life care.To target future interventions, the primary aim was to examine S&P in children in end-of-life care. METHODS All parents, who lost a child under the age of 18 years due to life-limiting diagnoses in the period 2012-2014 in Denmark, were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire in 2017. In all, 152 (38%) children were represented by 136 mothers and 57 fathers. In the present study, parents' assessments of S&P during the last month of life were restricted to children aged 3-18 years. Data were analyses by means of descriptive statistics. RESULTS Children ≥3 years at the time of death were represented by 71 parents (48 mothers and 23 fathers) representing 56 out of the 152 children. Physical fatigue (93%), sleepiness (90%), poor appetite (87%), pain (84%) and nausea (84%) were the five most frequent symptoms reported by the parents. In all, 65% of the parents reported that satisfactory pain relief was obtained and 64% of the parents reported that the healthcare services to a large extent reacted quickly, when the child and/or family needed help. However, 46% of the parents experienced 'mess-ups' or sloppy services in the primary ward and 27% experienced that the children suffered from fear of death. CONCLUSION According to the parents, children with life-limiting diagnosis are highly symptomatic and have substantial problems during end-of-life care. Our findings indicate that systematic screening of S&P in children should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Lykke
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Oncology and Palliative Care, Nordsjællands Hospital, Hillerod, Denmark
| | - Ola Ekholm
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marianne Olsen
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Sjøgren
- Department of Oncology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Plattner C, Anderson C. Therapeutic Relationships in Applied Behavior Analysis: Current Status and Future Directions. Behav Anal Pract 2023; 16:1222-1230. [PMID: 38076737 PMCID: PMC10700251 DOI: 10.1007/s40617-023-00819-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2024] Open
Abstract
For behavior analytic practitioners, skills related to building a therapeutic alliance (e.g., empathic statements, reflective listening, affirmations) may be as important as knowledge of and skills in implementation of the science of behavior analysis. We surveyed 277 board certified behavior analysts (BCBAs) to learn more about their training, use of these skills, and their perceptions of how their skills might have changed over years of practicing. The findings suggest that behavior analysts may benefit from explicit training in skills required to establish and maintain therapeutic relationships with parents of children with autism. In this article we review recent research in this area and suggest directions for training of behavior analysts. Further, motivational interviewing is introduced as an evidence-based clinical approach that encompasses many of the skills required to build a therapeutic alliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Callie Plattner
- Mosaic Pediatric Therapy, Charlotte, NC USA
- Department of Applied Behavior Analysis, Endicott College, Beverly, MA 01915 USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chaulagain A, Lyhmann I, Halmøy A, Widding-Havneraas T, Nyttingnes O, Bjelland I, Mykletun A. A systematic meta-review of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Psychiatry 2023; 66:e90. [PMID: 37974470 PMCID: PMC10755583 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are now hundreds of systematic reviews on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of variable quality. To help navigate this literature, we have reviewed systematic reviews on any topic on ADHD. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, PubMed, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science and performed quality assessment according to the Joanna Briggs Institute Manual for Evidence Synthesis. A total of 231 systematic reviews and meta-analyses met the eligibility criteria. RESULTS The prevalence of ADHD was 7.2% for children and adolescents and 2.5% for adults, though with major uncertainty due to methodological variation in the existing literature. There is evidence for both biological and social risk factors for ADHD, but this evidence is mostly correlational rather than causal due to confounding and reverse causality. There is strong evidence for the efficacy of pharmacological treatment on symptom reduction in the short-term, particularly for stimulants. However, there is limited evidence for the efficacy of pharmacotherapy in mitigating adverse life trajectories such as educational attainment, employment, substance abuse, injuries, suicides, crime, and comorbid mental and somatic conditions. Pharmacotherapy is linked with side effects like disturbed sleep, reduced appetite, and increased blood pressure, but less is known about potential adverse effects after long-term use. Evidence of the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments is mixed. CONCLUSIONS Despite hundreds of systematic reviews on ADHD, key questions are still unanswered. Evidence gaps remain as to a more accurate prevalence of ADHD, whether documented risk factors are causal, the efficacy of nonpharmacological treatments on any outcomes, and pharmacotherapy in mitigating the adverse outcomes associated with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashmita Chaulagain
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvild Lyhmann
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Anne Halmøy
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Tarjei Widding-Havneraas
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Olav Nyttingnes
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ingvar Bjelland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arnstein Mykletun
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Division for Health Services, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT – The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Work and Mental Health, Nordland Hospital, Bodø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Huang YF, Chang SC, Purborini N, Lin YK, Chang HJ. The Efficacy of Health Promotion Program Among Parents Who Had Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity-Disorder. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:1488-1503. [PMID: 37515356 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231187165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the effect of health promotion program (HPP) on stress, quality of life, health-promoting lifestyles, and children's attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in parents of children with ADHD. METHODS Sixty parents of children with ADHD were equally randomized into the intervention (health promotion program) and control (usual care) groups. Outcomes included parents' stress, quality of life, health-promoting lifestyles, and children's ADHD symptoms before, immediately after, and 1, 3, and 6 months after the intervention. The GEE was used to evaluate the effectiveness. RESULTS The intervention group reported significant improvement in the children's hyperactivity/impulse and opposition at the 6- and 3-month, respectively. Parental overall stress significantly improved at 3 and 6 months. Parents' quality of life had significant effects at the immediate, 3-month, and 6-month. Self-actualization behavior for health-promoting lifestyles had significant effects at the immediate follow-up. CONCLUSION HPP can promote the mental well-being of parents of children with ADHD.
Collapse
|
18
|
Sevastidis A, Wanni Arachchige Dona S, Gold L, Sciberra E, Coghill D, Le HND. Social gradient in use of health services and health-related quality of life of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review. JCPP ADVANCES 2023; 3:e12170. [PMID: 37720590 PMCID: PMC10501702 DOI: 10.1002/jcv2.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) affects 5% of children on average. Despite the high need to access services for ADHD treatment, not all children with ADHD utilise healthcare services equally. This study aims to systematically synthesise evidence of equity and equality in health service use/costs and health-related quality of life (HRQoL)/wellbeing of children with ADHD across socioeconomic (SES) classes. Methods The literature search was conducted across seven databases (Academic Search complete, MEDLINE Complete, PsycINFO, ERIC, Global Health, CINAHL and EconLit). The search was limited to peer-reviewed articles published to 23rd January 2023 in English and focused on children. Study quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) checklists. Results 25 out of 1207 articles were eligible for inclusion. The results showed that SES was associated with different types of healthcare utilisation. Only three studies were found on HRQoL/well-being. Children with ADHD from low SES families had lower HRQoL than children from high SES families. Conclusion This study found that a social gradient exists in both healthcare service use and children's HRQoL among those with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abraham Sevastidis
- Deakin Health EconomicsSchool of Health and Social DevelopmentFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Sithara Wanni Arachchige Dona
- Deakin Health EconomicsSchool of Health and Social DevelopmentFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lisa Gold
- Deakin Health EconomicsSchool of Health and Social DevelopmentFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Emma Sciberra
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
- School of PsychologyFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
- Departments of Paediatrics and PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
- The Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development (SEED)Deakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - David Coghill
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
- Departments of Paediatrics and PsychiatryFaculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesThe University of MelbourneBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| | - Ha Nguyet Dao Le
- Deakin Health EconomicsSchool of Health and Social DevelopmentFaculty of HealthDeakin UniversityBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteRoyal Children's HospitalBurwoodVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Feng J, Gao Z, Shi Z, Wang Y, Li S. Patient-reported outcomes in Gaucher's disease: a systematic review. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:244. [PMID: 37626429 PMCID: PMC10463869 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02844-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher's disease (GD), a rare condition, represents the most common lysosomal storage disorder. The cardinal manifestations of GD are fatigue, hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, bone pain, and bone infarction, thereby culminating in a marked deterioration of patients' quality of life (QoL). Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) offer valuable insights into the impact of GD on patients' QoL and symptoms. This systematic review aimed to identify and analyze PROs and outcome measures in GD patients. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science Core Collections, EMBASE, SCOPUS, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Wan Fang Data, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM). The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using a mixed methods assessment tool. RESULTS A total of 33 studies were identified, encompassing 24 distinct patient-reported outcome instruments, with the most frequently employed instrument being the SF-36. The study designs included eighteen cross-sectional studies, seven pre- and post-intervention investigations, three randomized controlled trials, two cohort studies, two qualitative inquiries, and one validation study. These studies explored diverse domains such as the QoL and cardinal symptoms (e.g., fatigue, pain, bleeding, cognition, social relationships, and psychological functioning) in patients with GD. Furthermore, significant attention was directed towards the appraisal of the therapeutic benefits of various interventions in patients with GD. A novel GD-specific instrument has also been developed, which has two applied versions: a 24-item variant for routine clinical monitoring and a 17-item form for use in clinical trials. CONCLUSION PROs have garnered increased attention and concern in the realm of GD. Despite this progress, it is noteworthy that the instruments used to measure PROs in GD are still predominantly generic instruments. While researchers have endeavored to develop and validate a disease-specific instrument, currently the use of this instrument is limited. Owing to several challenges, including the small number of patients, heterogeneity of the disease, and cross-regional discrepancies in study findings, GD poses substantial difficulties in the measurement of QoL and development of instruments. Consequently, patients with GD require more dependable measurement instruments that accurately reflect their QoL, efficacy of treatment, and facilitate healthcare decision-making.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Feng
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Zhongchun Gao
- Qingdao Hospital, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Zhao Shi
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China
| | - Shunping Li
- Centre for Health Management and Policy Research, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
- NHC Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research (Shandong University), Jinan, 250012, China.
- Center for Health Preference Research, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Pachiti I, Milienos FS, Dimitropoulou P. Child ViReal Support Program: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study for Effective Support of Parents Raising Children with Attention Deficits. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:691. [PMID: 37622831 PMCID: PMC10451949 DOI: 10.3390/bs13080691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) results in various functioning impairments in children's lives and families. Parents of children with ADHD report high levels of parenting stress, low levels of parental self-efficacy, and use of more authoritarian and/or permissive parenting practices than parents of typically developing children. Intervention programs need to address both children's and parents' needs and multimodal intervention programs could cover this demand. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of "Child ViReal Support Program"-a multi-level evidence-based comprehensive program-on parenting stress, parental self-efficacy, parenting practices, and the core symptoms of children's ADHD. Families with a child diagnosed with ADHD (n = 16) were randomly allocated to two groups (PC and CP; P = parent training, C = child training), and a cross-over design was utilized. Participating parents completed, in four different times during the study, the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire-Short Version, and the parent form of the ADHD Rating Scale-IV. Parents from both groups, after their participation in the parent training, demonstrated reduced parenting stress, enhanced parental self-efficacy, and increased the employ of democratic parenting practices. More than that, they reported decreased levels of inattention and impulsivity/hyperactivity for their children. Evidence-based multi-level intervention programs could produce positive effects on parents and children by incorporating effective methods and tools in accordance with the needs and the demands of the family context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iouliani Pachiti
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74150 Rethymno, Greece;
- Applied Psychology Laboratory, Center for Research and Studies, University of Crete, 74150 Rethymno, Greece
| | - Fotios S. Milienos
- Department of Sociology, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Panagiota Dimitropoulou
- Department of Psychology, University of Crete, 74150 Rethymno, Greece;
- Applied Psychology Laboratory, Center for Research and Studies, University of Crete, 74150 Rethymno, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McDougal L, Majnoonian A, Stone G, Fielding-Miller R. Determinants of parent-reported child mental health status in San Diego public schools during the height of the COVID-19 omicron outbreak: A serial cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288628. [PMID: 37494385 PMCID: PMC10370770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite extensive debate on the effects of COVID-19 mitigation measures in school settings, little evidence exists on trends in school children's mental health over the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective of this paper was to identify factors affecting parent reports of school children's mental health during COVID-19 Omicron variant outbreak in a cohort of high-risk, socially vulnerable children attending public elementary schools. We analyzed four waves of cross-sectional, online-administered surveys completed by parents of children attending public elementary schools in San Diego between November 2021 and March of 2022. Children (n = 684) ranged in age from 2-17 years. We used multilevel linear mixed effects models to assess determinants of parent-reported child mental health status. The outcome was child mental health, as reported by the parent. Parents consistently rated their children's mental health as very good, though parents who experienced recent COVID-related challenges and who had older children reported lower levels of mental health in their children. Children's mental health was generally considered to be very good, as judged by their parents during a period of constant in-school masking and the Omicron variant outbreak. Structural support mechanisms aimed at mitigating COVID-related challenges for adults may offer benefit to children's mental health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lotus McDougal
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Araz Majnoonian
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Stone
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Fielding-Miller
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Calzada-Rodríguez JI, Mendoza-Muñoz M, Pastor-Cisneros R, Barrios-Fernandez S, Carlos-Vivas J, Gómez-Galán R, Muñoz-Bermejo L. Effects of a 4-Week After-School Physical Literacy Program on Health-Related Quality of Life and Symptomatology in Schoolchildren with ADHD: A Study Protocol. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2113. [PMID: 37510554 PMCID: PMC10379282 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11142113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that physical activity programs led to improvements in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). However, no study evaluating the impact of a physical literacy (PL) program has been conducted. This study aims to examine PL and the effects of an after-school PL program on Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and ADHD symptomatology including quality and sustained attention. A parallel-group randomised controlled trial will be conducted assessing PL, HRQoL and ADHD symptomatology, both at the beginning and the end of the PL after-school program implementation. The program will last 4 weeks, including two sessions per week lasting 55 min. Sessions will be divided into several parts: greeting (5 min), block I (20 min), block II (20 min) and relaxation and feedback (10 min). Block I will focus on the acquisition of content that contributes to the development of the domains of knowledge and understanding and daily activity; and block II, in addition to favouring physical competence, will seek to improve motivation. If this program proves its effectiveness, it could be an alternative to be included in educational systems, representing a scientific breakthrough regarding physical activity adherence and inactivity-related disease prevention, HRQoL and management of ADHD-associated symptomatology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Ignacio Calzada-Rodríguez
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - María Mendoza-Muñoz
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
- Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7004-516 Évora, Portugal
| | - Raquel Pastor-Cisneros
- Promoting a Healthy Society Research Group (PHeSO), Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Caceres, Spain
| | - Sabina Barrios-Fernandez
- Occupation, Participation, Sustainability and Quality of Life (Ability Research Group), Nursing and Occupational Therapy College, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jorge Carlos-Vivas
- Physical Activity for Education, Performance and Health (PAEPH) Research Group, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Gómez-Galán
- Research Group on Physical and Health Literacy and Health-Related Quality of Life (PHYQOL), University of Extremadura, 06810 Mérida, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz-Bermejo
- Social Impact and Innovation in Health (InHEALTH), University of Extremadura, 06810 Mérida, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Weber MD, Draghi TTG, Rohr LA, Cavalcante Neto JL, Tudella E. Health-related quality of life in children with developmental coordination disorder: a systematic review. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2023; 21:62. [PMID: 37386629 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02146-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were (1) to synthesize evidence of the general health-related quality of life in children with DCD compared to their typically developing peers, and (2) to verify which domains of HRQOL are more compromised in children with DCD. A systematic search was carried out to identify cross-sectional studies that evaluated self-perception and/or the parent's perception of the HRQOL in children with and without DCD as an outcome. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed, and the effect size calculated. Initial searches in the databases identified 1092 articles. Of these, six were included. Most of the articles (5/6) included noted that children with DCD show a significantly lower HRQOL than their typically developing peers. Regarding the most compromised HRQOL domains, the results are heterogeneous. Most studies (3/6) had moderate methodological quality, and two studies were classified as high methodological quality. Effect sizes ranged from low to high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meyene Duque Weber
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Liz Araújo Rohr
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Eloisa Tudella
- Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University of Sao Carlos, Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Wehrli S, Rohrbach M, Landolt MA. Quality of life of pediatric and adult individuals with osteogenesis imperfecta: a meta-analysis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2023; 18:123. [PMID: 37226194 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-023-02728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of rare inheritable disorders of connective tissue. The cardinal manifestations of OI are low bone mass and reduced bone mineral strength, leading to increased bone fragility and deformity that may lead to significant impairment in daily life. The phenotypic manifestations show a broad range of severity, ranging from mild or moderate to severe and lethal. The here presented meta-analysis aimed to analyze existing findings on quality of life (QoL) in children and adults with OI. METHODS Nine databases were searched with predefined key words. The selection process was executed by two independent reviewers and was based on predetermined exclusion and inclusion criteria. The quality of each study was assessed using a risk of bias tool. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences. Between-study heterogeneity was calculated with the I2 statistic. RESULTS Among the studies included two featured children and adolescents (N = 189), and four adults (N = 760). Children with OI had significantly lower QoL on the Pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL) with regards to the total score, emotional, school, and social functioning compared to controls and norms. The data was not sufficient to calculate differences regarding OI-subtypes. In the adult sample assessed with Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire, 12 (SF-12) and 36 items (SF-36), all OI types showed significantly lower QoL levels across all physical component subscales compared to norms. The same pattern was found for the mental component subscales namely vitality, social functioning, and emotional role functioning. The mental health subscale was significantly lower for OI type I, but not for type III and IV. All of the included studies exhibited a low risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS QoL was significantly lower in children and adults with OI compared to norms and controls. Studies in adults comparing OI subtypes showed that the clinical severity of the phenotype is not related to worse mental health QoL. Future research is needed to examine QoL in children and adolescents in more sophisticated ways and to better understand the association between clinical severity of an OI-phenotype/severity and mental health in adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wehrli
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- University Research Priority Program "ITINERARE -Innovative Therapies in Rare Diseases", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Metabolism, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Andreas Landolt
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, University Children's Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Research Priority Program "ITINERARE -Innovative Therapies in Rare Diseases", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang X, Qiu H, Sit CHP. The mediating role of resilience in the association between MVPA and psychological ill-being in children with ADHD. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:485-494. [PMID: 36514869 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the mediating role of resilience in the association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and psychological ill-being, as well as the moderating role of age in the direct and indirect relationship between MVPA and psychological ill-being in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Eighty-five children aged 6-12 years (Mage = 8.41 ± 1.44 years) diagnosed with ADHD were recruited. Participants wore an accelerometer on their non-dominant wrist for seven consecutive days to record MVPA. Resilience and psychological ill-being were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. RESULTS MVPA was positively associated with resilience but negatively related to depression and stress. Resilience was negatively correlated with depression and stress. Using the bootstrapping method, the indirect effect of resilience was found between MVPA and depression (-0.006%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-0.060, -0.020]) in children with ADHD, supporting partial mediation. Moderated mediation analysis further demonstrated that the indirect effect of MVPA on depression via resilience was stronger in older children (-0.008, 95% CI = [-0.023, -0.001]) than in younger children with ADHD. CONCLUSION The findings may inform future empirical studies on designing exercise interventions with MVPA levels that help to improve resilience and depression in children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Educational Administration and Policy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cindy H P Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Hall AM, Ramos AM, Drover SS, Choi G, Keil AP, Richardson DB, Martin CL, Olshan AF, Villanger GD, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Zeiner P, Øvergaard KR, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Aase H, Engel SM. Gestational organophosphate ester exposure and preschool attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 248:114078. [PMID: 36455478 PMCID: PMC9898152 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attention-deficit/hyperactivity-disorder (ADHD) is a leading neurodevelopmental disorder in children worldwide; however, few modifiable risk factors have been identified. Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are ubiquitous chemical compounds that are increasingly prevalent as a replacement for other regulated chemicals. Current research has linked OPEs to neurodevelopmental deficits. The purpose of this study was to assess gestational OPE exposure on clinically-assessed ADHD in children at age 3 years. METHODS In this nested case-control study within the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort study, we evaluated the impact of OPE exposure at 17 weeks' gestation on preschool-age ADHD. Between 2007 and 2011, 260 ADHD cases were identified using the Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment and compared to a birth-year-stratified control group of 549 children. We categorized bis(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (BBOEP) and bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) as values < limit of detection (LOD) (BBOEP N = 386, BDCIPP N = 632), ≥LOD but < limit of quantification (LOQ) (BBOEP N = 413; BDCIPP N = 75), or above LOQ (BBOEP N = 70; BDCIPP N = 102). Diphenyl phosphate (DPhP) and di-n-butyl phosphate (DnBP) were categorized as quartiles and also modeled with a log10 linear term. We estimated multivariable adjusted odds ratios (ORs) using logistic regression and examined modification by sex using an augmented product term approach. RESULTS Mothers in the 3rd DnBP quartile had 1.71 times the odds of having a child with ADHD compared to the 1st quartile (95%CI: 1.13, 2.58); a similar trend was observed for log10 DnBP and ADHD. Mothers with BDCIPP ≥ LOD but < LOQ had 1.39 times the odds of having a child with ADHD compared to those with BDCIPP < LOD (95%CI: 0.83, 2.31). Girls had lower odds of ADHD with increasing BBOEP exposure (log10 OR: 0.55 (95%CI: 0.37, 0.93), however boys had a weakly increased odds (log10 OR: 1.25 (95%CI: 0.74, 2.11) p-interaction = 0.01]. CONCLUSIONS We found modest increased odds of preschool ADHD with higher DnBP and BDCIPP exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Amanda M Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Samantha Sm Drover
- Department of Public Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giehae Choi
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alexander P Keil
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David B Richardson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Chantel L Martin
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Andrew F Olshan
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Gro D Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristin R Øvergaard
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wanni Arachchige Dona S, Badloe N, Sciberras E, Gold L, Coghill D, Le HND. The Impact of Childhood Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) on Children's Health-Related Quality of Life: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Atten Disord 2023; 27:598-611. [PMID: 36800919 PMCID: PMC10068409 DOI: 10.1177/10870547231155438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between children's health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHOD Databases were systematically searched for peer-reviewed literature published between 2010 and 2022. Two reviewers independently screened and assessed the quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted for studies that used the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). RESULTS Twenty-three studies were included, with most rated as "good" quality. Meta-analysis found "very large" effect in both parent- (Hedges' g -1.67, 95% CI [-2.57, -0.78]) and child-reported (Hedges' g -1.28, 95% CI [-2.01, -0.56]) HRQoL for children with ADHD compared to children without ADHD. No difference between parent- and child-reported HRQoL in children with and without ADHD was found. However, parent-reported HRQoL was lower than child-reported HRQoL among children with ADHD. CONCLUSION ADHD was associated with substantially poorer children's HRQoL. Among children with ADHD, parents rated their children's HRQoL lower than the children themselves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sithara Wanni Arachchige Dona
- Deakin University, Burwood, VIC,
Australia
- Sithara Wanni Arachchige Dona, Deakin
Health Economics, School of Health and Social Development, Faculty of Health,
Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC 3125, Australia.
| | | | - Emma Sciberras
- Deakin University, Burwood, VIC,
Australia
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville,
VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville,
VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Gold
- Deakin University, Burwood, VIC,
Australia
| | - David Coghill
- Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville,
VIC, Australia
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville,
VIC, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Elnaem MH, AbouKhatwa MM, Elrggal ME, Dehele IS. Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: What Are Pharmacists' Roles and Associated Outcomes? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2754. [PMID: 36768120 PMCID: PMC9916014 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Globally, the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is increasing. The treatment for ADHD is multifaceted and requires long-term care and support. Pharmacists are capable of assisting patients and their caretakers in achieving desired outcomes. This work discusses and summarizes pharmacists' roles in ADHD care and their associated outcomes. Overall, pharmacists are positioned to educate on ADHD, optimize medications in a collaborative practice model, manage and monitor side effects, and provide remote and virtual pharmaceutical care. Pharmacists could directly contribute to ensuring medication safety and increasing awareness regarding the optimal use of ADHD medications. Patients with ADHD can benefit from pharmacist involvement in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, initial screening and referral, the provision of clinical consultation and feedback, and the improvement of self-management and self-awareness of the illness. Pharmacists also play a significant role in therapeutic decision making regarding the initiation, intensification, and monitoring of ADHD treatment to ensure its effectiveness and quality of life improvement. Lastly, pharmacists could help identify more cost-effective treatment approaches for ADHD patients based on the clinical scenario that is encountered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassan Elnaem
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden 11800, Malaysia
| | - Merna Mahmoud AbouKhatwa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 5372066, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Zhang Z, Li R, Zhou Z, Wang P, Yang B, Wang X. The effect of physical activity on quality of life and parenting stress in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A randomized controlled trial. Disabil Health J 2023; 16:101377. [PMID: 36202733 DOI: 10.1016/j.dhjo.2022.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poorer quality of life (QoL) is commonly observed in children with Attention-deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Parents of children with ADHD also perceived elevated levels of parenting stress. Previous research has documented the positive effects of physical activity (PA) on managing ADHD symptoms. It is critical to implement ADHD management with broader functioning from both children's and parents' perspectives. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether PA would exert an influence on the QoL of children with ADHD and parenting stress of their parents. METHODS Forty-three children with ADHD (6-12 years) were randomly assigned to the PA intervention and waitlist control groups. Children in the intervention group participated in a 12-week PA program. Parent-reported QoL and parenting stress were assessed before and immediately after the intervention. Analysis of covariance with a mixed factorial design of 2 (time: before vs. after intervention) × 2 (group: PA intervention vs. waitlist control) was conducted to examine changes in QoL and parenting stress over the 12 weeks. RESULTS Compared to the control group, parents of children in the intervention group reported significant reduced overall parenting stress (p = .021, η2 = 0.142) and child domain of parenting stress (p = .024, η2 = 0.138) after the intervention. No significant improvement in QoL was documented in either group. CONCLUSIONS The participation of PA intervention positively impacts parenting stress perceived by parents of children with ADHD, which provides further evidence of the family-wide benefits of the PA intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Zhang
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ru Li
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Ziwei Zhou
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Fuwai Hospital, CAMS&PUMC, Beijing, China
| | - Binrang Yang
- Children's Healthcare & Mental Health Center, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Faculty of Physical Education, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Breda V, Cerqueira RO, Ceolin G, Koning E, Fabe J, McDonald A, Gomes FA, Brietzke E. Is there a place for dietetic interventions in adult ADHD? Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2022; 119:110613. [PMID: 35964708 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Current treatments for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in adults are limited by lack of response and side effects in about one third of the individuals. Changes towards a healthier lifestyle could have a positive impact beyond the relief of specific symptoms. However, it is not clear if nutritional interventions influence mental health and cognition. The objective of this study was to summarize the available literature addressing the impact of different diets in ADHD. The most promising dietetic approaches in ADHD are diets considered to be healthy (Mediterranean-type; DASH) and the Few-Foods Diet for children. Studies should take into account the presence of multiple confounders, biases associated with difficulties in blinding participants and researchers, and search for possible mechanisms of action, so we can have better evidence to guide clinical mental care of adults with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Breda
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Raphael O Cerqueira
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, Rua Major Maragliano 241, São Paulo, SP 04017-030, Brazil
| | - Gilciane Ceolin
- Postgraduate Program in Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Rua Delfino Conti, Campus Trindade, Florianópolis, SC 88040-970, Brazil
| | - Elena Koning
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Jennifer Fabe
- McMasters Children's Hospital, Hamilton Health Sciences, 1200 Main St W, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada.
| | | | - Fabiano A Gomes
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, 752 King Street West, Kingston, ON K7L 7X3, Canada; Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, 18 Stuart Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Hall AM, Thistle JE, Manley CK, Roell KR, Ramos AM, Villanger GD, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Zeiner P, Cequier E, Sakhi AK, Thomsen C, Aase H, Engel SM. Organophosphorus Pesticide Exposure at 17 Weeks' Gestation and Odds of Offspring Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16851. [PMID: 36554732 PMCID: PMC9778918 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are ubiquitous and have been linked to adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. However, few studies have examined prenatal OPs in relation to diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with only two studies exploring this relationship in a population primarily exposed through diet. In this study, we used a nested case-control study to evaluate prenatal OP exposure and ADHD diagnosis in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study (MoBa). For births that occurred between 2003 and 2008, ADHD diagnoses were obtained from linkage of MoBa participants with the Norwegian Patient Registry (N = 297), and a reference population was randomly selected from the eligible population (N = 552). Maternal urine samples were collected at 17 weeks' gestation and molar sums of diethyl phosphates (ΣDEP) and dimethyl phosphates metabolites (ΣDMP) were calculated. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were used to estimate the association between prenatal OP metabolite exposure and child ADHD diagnosis. Additionally, multiplicative effect measure modification (EMM) by child sex was assessed. In most cases, mothers in the second and third tertiles of ΣDMP and ΣDEP exposure had slightly lower odds of having a child with ADHD, although confidence intervals were wide and included the null. EMM by child sex was not observed for either ΣDMP or ΣDEP. In summary, we did not find evidence that OPs at 17 weeks' gestation increased the odds of ADHD in this nested case-control study of ADHD in MoBa, a population primarily experiencing dietary exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amber M. Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jake E. Thistle
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Cherrel K. Manley
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Kyle R. Roell
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Amanda M. Ramos
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Gro D. Villanger
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Mental Disorders, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Pål Zeiner
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0315 Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0424 Oslo, Norway
| | - Enrique Cequier
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Amrit K. Sakhi
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Cathrine Thomsen
- Department of Food Safety, Division of Climate and Environmental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Heidi Aase
- Department of Child Health and Development, Division of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephanie M. Engel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schoeman R, Voges T. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder stigma: The silent barrier to care. S Afr J Psychiatr 2022; 28:1865. [PMID: 36569805 PMCID: PMC9772730 DOI: 10.4102/sajpsychiatry.v28i0.1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common psychiatric disorder in childhood, with symptoms persisting into adulthood in 60% of individuals. If left untreated, the emotional, social and financial consequences can be dire, with many children and adults not reaching their full potential and having a reduced quality of life. Aim The study explored parents' and educators' understanding and experience of stigma in relation to their children's ADHD. Setting Participants were recruited from six schools in the Cape Town metropole, in which the Goldilocks and The Bear Foundation (which delivers mental health services to underprivileged children) were active. Methods A convergent parallel mixed methods research design (consisting of a quantitative survey and an in-depth interview component) was conducted to explore the lack of knowledge about ADHD and stigma as potential barriers to help-seeking behaviour, diagnosis and treatment for children with ADHD. Results Instrumental barriers to care had a bigger impact on practical access to care, while attitudinal and stigma-related resources were found to have a significant impact on well-being of individuals. Core to the themes arising from the interviews were questions of how lack of knowledge influences stigma, how stigma materialises in discriminatory behaviour and how stigma acts as a barrier to care. Conclusion The findings contribute to the literature by exploring parents' and educators' understanding and experience of stigma in relation to their children's ADHD. A collaborative stakeholder approach is needed for effective, comprehensive and relevant interventions to combat stigma and enhance early identification of and interventions for ADHD. Contribution In order to improve access to care, treatment, and well-being of individuals directly or indirectly affected by ADHD, it is crucial that stigma needs to be addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renata Schoeman
- Stellenbosch Business School, Stellenbosch University, Bellville, South Africa,Private practice, Bellville, South Africa,Goldilocks and The Bear Foundation, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Tawni Voges
- Goldilocks and The Bear Foundation, Bellville, South Africa,Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Schertz M, Karni-Visel Y, Genizi J, Manishevitch H, Lam M, Akawi A, Dudai M, Fenton AA, Bikson M. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) in children with ADHD: A randomized, sham-controlled pilot study. J Psychiatr Res 2022; 155:302-312. [PMID: 36174365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ADHD is a common neurodevelopmental disorder with a pediatric prevalence of 5.2%.While medication treatment for ADHD is effective, it does not address all symptoms and a small but notable subgroup does not respond to medications. Adverse effects limit its use and some parents and participants resist use of medication. Thus, limitations of medication treatment for ADHD motivate searching for other therapeutic options. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) has been suggested as a treatment for children with ADHD, with mixed results to date. Protocol variables employed, including combined use of cognitive training (CT) and scheduling of sessions, may explain diverse findings to date. The aim of this study was to examine safety, feasibility and efficacy of tDCS combined with CT provided three-times-per week for one-month to treat children with ADHD. METHODS In a double blind, randomized, sham-controlled pilot study, 25 children with ADHD were randomized to receive 12 sessions of either anodal tDCS or sham-tDCS for 20 min combined with CT three-times-per-week for four weeks. The tDCS anode was over left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cathode over vertex. Assessments were obtained prior to, after 6 sessions, 12 sessions and one-month after intervention. RESULTS No significant post-intervention differences were found between those receiving tDCS or sham-tDCS. Both groups demonstrated significant improvement on questionnaire measures of ADHD and executive function with mixed results seen on computerized performance measures. Overall, adverse effects were mild with no significant difference between groups. However, three children, all from the tDCS group, experienced headaches with two requiring temporary cessation and one requiring removal from the study. CONCLUSIONS Anodal tDCS to the DLPFC using the above protocol in children with ADHD did not demonstrate additional treatment benefits beyond that of CT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Schertz
- Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Service, Meuhedet- Northern Region, Haifa, Israel; Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Yael Karni-Visel
- Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Service, Meuhedet- Northern Region, Haifa, Israel; Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jacob Genizi
- Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion, Haifa, Israel; Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hofit Manishevitch
- Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Service, Meuhedet- Northern Region, Haifa, Israel
| | - Menachem Lam
- Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Service, Meuhedet- Northern Region, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ashraf Akawi
- Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Service, Meuhedet- Northern Region, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Dudai
- Child Development and Pediatric Neurology Service, Meuhedet- Northern Region, Haifa, Israel
| | - André A Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University and Neuroscience Institute at the NYU Langone Medical Center, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tourjman V, Louis-Nascan G, Ahmed G, DuBow A, Côté H, Daly N, Daoud G, Espinet S, Flood J, Gagnier-Marandola E, Gignac M, Graziosi G, Mansuri Z, Sadek J. Psychosocial Interventions for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis by the CADDRA Guidelines Work GROUP. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081023. [PMID: 36009086 PMCID: PMC9406006 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple psychosocial interventions to treat ADHD symptoms have been developed and empirically tested. However, no clear recommendations exist regarding the utilization of these interventions for treating core ADHD symptoms across different populations. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis by the CADDRA Guidelines work Group was to generate such recommendations, using recent evidence. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) and meta-analyses (MA) from 2010 to 13 February 2020 were searched in PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, EBM Reviews and CINAHL. Studies of populations with significant levels of comorbidities were excluded. Thirty-one studies were included in the qualitative synthesis (22 RCT, 9 MA) and 24 studies (19 RCT, 5 MA) were included in the quantitative synthesis. Using three-level meta-analyses to pool results of multiple observations from each RCT, as well as four-level meta-analyses to pool results from multiples outcomes and multiple studies of each MA, we generated recommendations using the GRADE approach for: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Physical Exercise and Mind–Body intervention; Caregiver intervention; School-based and Executive intervention; and other interventions for core ADHD symptoms across Preschooler, Child, Adolescent and Adult populations. The evidence supports a recommendation for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for adults and Caregiver intervention for Children, but not for preschoolers. There were not enough data to provide recommendations for the other types of psychosocial interventions. Our results are in line with previous meta-analytic assessments; however, they provide a more in-depth assessment of the effect of psychosocial intervention on core ADHD symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Tourjman
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (V.T.); (G.L.-N.); (A.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Gill Louis-Nascan
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (V.T.); (G.L.-N.); (A.D.); (H.C.)
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montreal, QC H2X 3P2, Canada
| | - Ghalib Ahmed
- Departments of Family Medicine and Psychiatry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Anaïs DuBow
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (V.T.); (G.L.-N.); (A.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Hubert Côté
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; (V.T.); (G.L.-N.); (A.D.); (H.C.)
| | - Nadia Daly
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - George Daoud
- Department of Psychiatry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1K 2R1, Canada;
| | - Stacey Espinet
- CADDRA—Canadian ADHD Resource Alliance, Toronto, ON M5A 3X9, Canada;
| | - Joan Flood
- Department of Psychiatry, The Shoniker Clinic, Scarborough, ON M1E 4B9, Canada;
| | | | - Martin Gignac
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada;
| | - Gemma Graziosi
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Zeeshan Mansuri
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Joseph Sadek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Family members' experience of well‐being as racial/ethnic minorities raising a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder: A qualitative meta‐synthesis. Res Nurs Health 2022; 45:314-326. [DOI: 10.1002/nur.22217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
36
|
Liang X, Qiu H, Wang P, Sit CHP. The impacts of a combined exercise on executive function in children with ADHD: A randomized controlled trial. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2022; 32:1297-1312. [PMID: 35611615 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aerobic and neurocognitive exercise with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity levels on executive functions (EFs) and sleep quality in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS In a parallel two-group randomized controlled trial (RCT) design, 80 children with ADHD aged 6-12 years (Mage = 8.46 ± 1.50) were assigned to either a 12-week combined aerobic-and neurocognitive-exercise experimental group (EG; three sessions per week for 60-min) or a wait-list control group (CG). Forty children with typical development aged 6-12 years (Mage = 8.49 ± 1.51) were recruited as healthy controls (HC). A Polar heart rate (HR) monitor was used to track the exercise intensity (60%-80% predicted HRmax) throughout the intervention. Three core EFs (inhibitory control [IC], working memory [WM], and cognitive flexibility [CF]) were assessed by computer-based neurocognitive tasks, and sleep quality and physical activity (PA) levels were assessed by self-report questionnaires. RESULTS The results showed that the exercise intervention was beneficial for improving three core EFs, shortening sleep latency and decreasing sleep disturbances. The intervention effects on EFs and sleep quality appeared to be sustained for at least 12 weeks in EG. In addition, children with ADHD after intervention showed non-significant differences in IC, CF and multiple sleep quality outcomes compared with HC. Furthermore, a significant PA-EFs-sleep correlation was found in children with ADHD after the intervention. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that a 12-week combined aerobic and neurocognitive exercise intervention appears to be an effective treatment program for EFs and sleep quality in children with ADHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui Qiu
- Department of Educational Administration and Policy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cindy H P Sit
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ferro MA, Otto C, Ravens-Sieberer U. Measuring health-related quality of life in young children with physical illness: psychometric properties of the parent-reported KIDSCREEN-27. Qual Life Res 2022; 31:1509-1520. [PMID: 34855060 DOI: 10.1007/s11136-021-03054-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether the KIDSCREEN-27 was reliable and valid in young children 2-7 years with chronic physical illnesses which included estimating inter-domain correlations and internal consistency; measurement invariance testing; and, discriminant and convergent validity assessments. METHODS Data come from the Multimorbidity in Children and Youth across the Life-course; a longitudinal study of individuals aged 2-16 years with physical illness. The parent-reported KIDSCREEN-27 was administered. Children (2-7 years; n = 106) were compared to adolescents (8-16 years; n = 157). Reliability was estimated using Cronbach α for internal consistency. Multiple group confirmatory factor analysis tested for measurement invariance. Cohen's d and Pearson coefficient were used to assess discriminant validity by sex and age. Convergent validity was tested using Pearson coefficients with the WHODAS 2.0 (child functioning/impairment). Multiple regression examined associations between multimorbidity (co-occurring physical and mental illness) and HRQL. RESULTS Internal consistency reliabilities were α = 0.74-0.88 (children) and α = 0.77-0.88 (adolescents). Inter-domain correlations were relatively low (children: r = 0.18-0.59; adolescents: r = 0.30-0.62) indicating that each KIDSCREEN-27 domain was measuring a unique aspect of health-related quality of life. Measurement invariance was demonstrated (scalar level). Parameter estimates of the invariant models were similar for children and adolescents. Small, non-significant correlations were found for sex and age for children and adolescents. Medium, significant correlations were found for both groups between the KIDSCREEN-27 and WHODAS 2.0. Children and adolescents with multimorbidity had significantly lower physical well-being, psychological well-being, and school environment scores compare to those without multimorbidity. Regression coefficients were similar between groups. CONCLUSION Findings provide evidence of adequate psychometrics for the KIDSCREEN-27 in young children with chronic physical illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Ferro
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Canada.
| | - Christiane Otto
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Ravens-Sieberer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Krauss A, Schellenberg C. ADHD Symptoms and Health-Related Quality of Life of Adolescents and Young Adults. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/2512-8442/a000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Background: Adolescence and young adulthood present particularly challenging periods for individuals affected by attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms. However, unlike childhood ADHD, ADHD among adolescents and young adults has been studied less frequently. A concept that can be used to characterize the experiences of individuals with ADHD symptoms is health-related quality of life (HRQoL), which encompasses well-being in various dimensions. Aims: The present study used a school-based sample in the German-speaking part of Switzerland to investigate the association between ADHD symptoms and HRQoL of adolescents and young adults. Method: A total of 907 individuals aged 14–24 years ( M = 17.69; SD = 1.66; 58.9% female) were surveyed regarding ADHD symptoms and HRQoL. Results: Multiple hierarchical regression analyses disclosed that ADHD symptoms were negatively related to all subdimensions of HRQoL. Moreover, adolescents with clinically significant or subclinical ADHD symptoms showed lower values in all examined dimensions – physical, emotional, self-esteem, family, friends/peers, and school/education – than adolescents with unremarkable ADHD symptoms. An exception was the well-being concerning friends/peers. Limitations: The present study used a cross-sectional design and a selective sample of school classes. ADHD symptoms were assessed using self-reports without any diagnostic judgment. Conclusion: The results illustrate the comprehensive effects of ADHD symptoms on well-being during adolescence and young adulthood. They highlight the importance of focusing more on ADHD during these stages of age, also considering individuals with symptoms in the subclinical range.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annette Krauss
- Institute for Educational Support for Behaviour, Social-Emotional, and Psychomotor Development, University of Teacher Education in Special Needs (HfH), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Schellenberg
- Institute for Educational Support for Behaviour, Social-Emotional, and Psychomotor Development, University of Teacher Education in Special Needs (HfH), Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Mediating Effect of Motor Competence on the Relationship between Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2021:4814250. [PMID: 34980998 PMCID: PMC8720293 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4814250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the mediating role of motor competence in the association between physical activity (PA) and quality of life (QoL) and the moderating role of age in the indirect relationship between PA and QoL in children with ADHD. Eighty-six children aged 6-12 years old (M age = 8.45, SD = 1.40, 17.4% girls) with the diagnosis of ADHD were recruited in this study. Participants wore a wGT3X-BT accelerometer on their wrist for seven consecutive days to measure PA. Motor competence was measured by the Test of Gross Motor Development-Third Edition (TGMD-3). Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by the parent-reported Chinese version of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. MVPA was positively associated with object control skills but was not directly related to QoL. Using the bootstrapping method, the indirect effect of object control was found between MVPA and social functioning (0.10, 95%CI = [0.01, 0.21]), school functioning (0.09, 95%CI = [0.01, 0.18]), and overall QoL (0.07, 95%CI = [0.01, 0.16]), supporting the full mediation effect. Moderated mediation analysis further revealed that age strengthened the indirect effect from MVPA to social and school functioning via object control. Findings of this study indicated that MVPA is positively associated with object control skills, which in turn, is related to psychological aspects of QoL in children with ADHD. Age was found to moderate the indirect mediation paths. The findings may inform future expeditions on designing an effective intervention that helps to improve MC and QoL in children with ADHD.
Collapse
|
40
|
Abstract
Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neuropsychiatric disorder associated with significant impairment and distress throughout the lifespan. Recent investigations have shed light on different aspects regarding the trajectory of ADHD, including reports on risk factors in childhood, that are associated with remission or persistence in adulthood. Despite significant advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of the disorder, the diagnosis of ADHD remains strictly clinical and is based on behavioral symptoms of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. In this chapter we review the diagnostic process of ADHD, discuss the clinical presentation of the disorder across the lifespan, and examine patterns of comorbidity and longitudinal predictor of outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Teixeira Leffa
- ADHD Outpatient Program and Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Arthur Caye
- ADHD Outpatient Program and Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- ADHD Outpatient Program and Developmental Psychiatry Program, Hospital de Clinica de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry, São Paulo, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Korfmacher AK, Hirsch O, Chavanon ML, Albrecht B, Christiansen H. Self-management training vs. neurofeedback interventions for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Results of a randomized controlled treatment study. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:969351. [PMID: 36061275 PMCID: PMC9433654 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.969351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Neurofeedback (NF) and self-management training (SMT) may be viable treatment options for patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) if they alleviate core symptoms, enhance the patients' self-concept and improve their quality of life (QoL). Aim of the current study is evaluating both interventions accordingly and to test whether specific improvements in core symptoms lead to more general improvements in self-concept and QoL. METHODS In a psychotherapeutic outpatient clinic in Germany, a total of N = 139 children with ADHD were screened for eligibility, of which 111 fulfilled inclusion criteria and participated in the study in accordance with the CONSORT 2010 statement. These were randomly assigned to NF vs. SMT interventions. Changes from pre- to post-intervention in core ADHD symptoms relying on parent and teacher reports (CONNERS 3) and objective tests (Qb-Test) as well as self-concept (interview with the children) and QoL assessments (using the KINDL-R self-report) were compared between patients receiving NF or SMT. RESULTS Significant improvements in ADHD symptoms were achieved similarly in both treatment groups, whilst QoL and self-concept improved after SMT only. CONCLUSION This treatment study provides further evidence that SMT and NF may reduce core symptoms, but SMT may also improve patients' self-concept and QoL and may thus in its current form be the favorable treatment option in naturalistic settings. However, several limitations of the current study implicate that further research is required before definitive conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice can be given. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION [www.clinicaltrials.gov], identifier [NCT01879644].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Korfmacher
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Hirsch
- Department of Psychology, FOM University of Applied Sciences, Siegen, Germany
| | - Mira-Lynn Chavanon
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Björn Albrecht
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hanna Christiansen
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Department of Psychology, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Fucà E, Galassi P, Costanzo F, Vicari S. Parental perspectives on the quality of life of children with Down syndrome. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:957876. [PMID: 36032222 PMCID: PMC9411982 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.957876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down Syndrome (DS) is the most common chromosome abnormality and the most frequent cause of developmental delay/intellectual disabilities in children. Although the investigation of the quality of life (QoL) is crucial in children with DS, relatively poor attention has been paid to this topic. The current study aimed to evaluate parent-reported QoL in a group of children with DS and identify children's individual and clinical features associated with different levels of QoL. We included in the study 73 children with DS (5-12 years) and investigated the parent-reported levels of QoL by means of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Cognitive level and the presence of behavioral difficulties were also evaluated. The overall parent-reported QoL of children with DS was high; emotional functioning was the domain with the highest level of QoL. Moreover, parents perceived low levels of QoL in children who exhibited low IQ, worse analogical reasoning, worse adaptive skills, more frequent challenging behaviors, more ritualistic/sameness behavior and more autistic symptoms. No differences emerged for family variables, namely parental education and employment, between the two groups with high and low QoL, as perceived by parents. The understanding of cognitive and behavioral factors - such as analogical reasoning, socio-communication abilities and challenging behaviors - related with different degrees of QoL in children with DS is crucial for the development of effective strategies to promote the improvement of the QoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fucà
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Galassi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Floriana Costanzo
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Vicari
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Department of Life Science and Public Health, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Evaluation of a structured skills training group for adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 31:1-13. [PMID: 33721085 PMCID: PMC9343260 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01753-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescence is associated with behavioural, emotional and interpersonal problems, and non-pharmacological treatments targeting these difficulties have been requested. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptance of an age-adapted structured skills training group (SSTG) for adolescents with ADHD. Adolescents (n = 184, ages 15-18 years) with a diagnosis of ADHD were randomly assigned to either the SSTG, which is based on dialectical behavioural therapy, or an active control group based on psychoeducation. Symptoms of ADHD, behavioural and emotional problems, functional impairment, and health-related outcomes were assessed with self-ratings and parental ratings two weeks before, two weeks after, and six months after treatment. All participants who completed the pre-treatment measurements (n = 164) were included in the main analyses, which were conducted using a linear mixed model. Our results demonstrated no significant group differences in favour of the SSTG for any of the study outcomes. A majority of the participants in both groups reported that they had increased their knowledge about ADHD, improved their ability to manage problems related to the diagnosis, and would recommend the treatment to others. We conclude that the SSTG seems to be acceptable for adolescents with ADHD in a clinical context. However, the treatment was not proved to be more effective or more acceptable than the psychoeducational control intervention.Trial registration: http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17366720,11/05/2016 , retrospectively registered.
Collapse
|
44
|
Işık Ü, Bağcı B, Kılıç F, Aktepe E, Pirgon O. Investigation of quality of life in obese adolescents: the effect of psychiatric symptoms of obese adolescent and/or mother on quality of life. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2021; 34:1593-1603. [PMID: 34473920 DOI: 10.1515/jpem-2021-0435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study assessed the obese adolescents' health-related quality of life (HRQoL) based on both adolescent-reported and maternal-reported questionnaires to clarify adolescent-related psychiatric factors, maternal psychiatric factors, and body mass index (BMI) percentile variables that independently affect the quality of life (QoL). METHODS A total of 190 adolescents (120 females and 70 males) were included in the study. The impact of clinical and psychiatric factors on the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory-Child Version (PedsQL-C) scores was analyzed using hierarchical linear regression methods. RESULTS The final models showed that only the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale-Child Version major depressive disorder scores negatively predicted the physical, psychosocial, and total health scores of the PedsQL-C. The psychosocial scores of the PedsQL-P were negatively predicted by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire emotional, and Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised-Short Form (CPRS-R-S) attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) index scores. The PedsQL-P total scores were negatively predicted by the CPRS-R-S ADHD index scores. CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study indicate that the adolescents' psychiatric symptoms and BMI percentile played a significant role in the PedsQL subscale functioning of obese adolescents compared to maternal psychiatric symptoms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ümit Işık
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Büşra Bağcı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Isparta City Hospital, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Faruk Kılıç
- Department of Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Evrim Aktepe
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Suleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Pirgon
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Suleyman Demirel University Medicine Faculty, Isparta, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Pérez-Ardanaz B, Peláez-Cantero MJ, Morales-Asencio JM, Vellido-González C, Gómez-González A, León-Campos Á, Gutiérrez-Rodríguez L. Socioeconomic Factors and Quality of Life Perceived by Parents and Children with Complex Chronic Conditions in Spain. CHILDREN 2021; 8:children8100931. [PMID: 34682195 PMCID: PMC8534789 DOI: 10.3390/children8100931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Health-related quality of life of children with complex chronic conditions could be affected by sociodemographic factors. Most studies focus exclusively on the parents’ perceptions of quality of life. This study aimed to determine the health-related quality of life of these children, according to their parents and the children themselves. A cross-sectional study was developed on children aged over five years with complex chronic conditions. Health-related quality of life, educational attainment, and social status were evaluated. A total of 101 children were included with a mean age of 10.48 years, and 35.6% were female. The most frequent disease was oncological (28.7%). Children perceived a better health-related quality of life, compared to their parents’ assessment: median difference −8.4 (95%CI: −9.2 to −3.8). Moreover, differences were observed by socioeconomic factors. Parents and children with complex chronic conditions perceive differently the health-related quality of life. Social determinants associate with an uneven perceived quality of life.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Pérez-Ardanaz
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-A.); (A.G.-G.); (Á.L.-C.); (L.G.-R.)
| | | | - José Miguel Morales-Asencio
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-A.); (A.G.-G.); (Á.L.-C.); (L.G.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-951952833
| | | | - Alberto Gómez-González
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-A.); (A.G.-G.); (Á.L.-C.); (L.G.-R.)
| | - Álvaro León-Campos
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-A.); (A.G.-G.); (Á.L.-C.); (L.G.-R.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), 29010 Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Gutiérrez-Rodríguez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (B.P.-A.); (A.G.-G.); (Á.L.-C.); (L.G.-R.)
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Darweesh AEDM, El Beh KA, Hashem MM, Nagy NES. Shorter rapid eye movement sleep duration in children with attention-deficit /hyperactivity disorder: the impact on quality of life. Sleep Med 2021; 87:77-84. [PMID: 34534746 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2021.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship of sleep with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) remains complex and unclear. The current study aimed to compare the subjective and objective sleep parameters among children with and without ADHD. Moreover, to address the effect of sleep parameters on the quality of life (QoL). METHODS We assessed 42 participants who were children with ADHD (aged 6-12 years), with predominant combined presentation (23), compared to 42 healthy children, who underwent a sleep study assessment subjectively (the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire), and objectively (one-night Polysomnographic recording). Also, parents completed the pediatric quality of life inventory (PedsQL-P). RESULTS Children with ADHD had more subjective sleep problems. ADHD patients also had a significant decrease in total sleep time and sleep efficiency, spending more time in wake and N1 sleep stages. Moreover, they had significantly lower rapid eye movement (REM)sleep duration and less duration of deep sleep stages. Multivariate regression analysis showed that REM sleep duration was the most contributing and predictive factor to QoL and school function impairment. CONCLUSION Children with ADHD have a significantly lower sleep quantity and poor sleep quality. In addition, short REM sleep duration independently contributes to further deterioration in different areas of QoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alaa El-Din M Darweesh
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Khaled A El Beh
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mustafa M Hashem
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Nahla El-Sayed Nagy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Faraone SV, Banaschewski T, Coghill D, Zheng Y, Biederman J, Bellgrove MA, Newcorn JH, Gignac M, Al Saud NM, Manor I, Rohde LA, Yang L, Cortese S, Almagor D, Stein MA, Albatti TH, Aljoudi HF, Alqahtani MMJ, Asherson P, Atwoli L, Bölte S, Buitelaar JK, Crunelle CL, Daley D, Dalsgaard S, Döpfner M, Espinet S, Fitzgerald M, Franke B, Gerlach M, Haavik J, Hartman CA, Hartung CM, Hinshaw SP, Hoekstra PJ, Hollis C, Kollins SH, Sandra Kooij JJ, Kuntsi J, Larsson H, Li T, Liu J, Merzon E, Mattingly G, Mattos P, McCarthy S, Mikami AY, Molina BSG, Nigg JT, Purper-Ouakil D, Omigbodun OO, Polanczyk GV, Pollak Y, Poulton AS, Rajkumar RP, Reding A, Reif A, Rubia K, Rucklidge J, Romanos M, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Schellekens A, Scheres A, Schoeman R, Schweitzer JB, Shah H, Solanto MV, Sonuga-Barke E, Soutullo C, Steinhausen HC, Swanson JM, Thapar A, Tripp G, van de Glind G, van den Brink W, Van der Oord S, Venter A, Vitiello B, Walitza S, Wang Y. The World Federation of ADHD International Consensus Statement: 208 Evidence-based conclusions about the disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:789-818. [PMID: 33549739 PMCID: PMC8328933 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 154.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Misconceptions about ADHD stigmatize affected people, reduce credibility of providers, and prevent/delay treatment. To challenge misconceptions, we curated findings with strong evidence base. METHODS We reviewed studies with more than 2000 participants or meta-analyses from five or more studies or 2000 or more participants. We excluded meta-analyses that did not assess publication bias, except for meta-analyses of prevalence. For network meta-analyses we required comparison adjusted funnel plots. We excluded treatment studies with waiting-list or treatment as usual controls. From this literature, we extracted evidence-based assertions about the disorder. RESULTS We generated 208 empirically supported statements about ADHD. The status of the included statements as empirically supported is approved by 80 authors from 27 countries and 6 continents. The contents of the manuscript are endorsed by 366 people who have read this document and agree with its contents. CONCLUSIONS Many findings in ADHD are supported by meta-analysis. These allow for firm statements about the nature, course, outcome causes, and treatments for disorders that are useful for reducing misconceptions and stigma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen V Faraone
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience and Physiology, Psychiatry Research Division, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA; World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland; American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA.
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Child and Adolescent Psychiatrist's Representative, Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany; The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany
| | - David Coghill
- Departments of Paediatrics and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Yi Zheng
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing, China; Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China; Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China
| | - Joseph Biederman
- Clinical & Research Programs in Pediatric Psychopharmacology & Adult ADHD, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark A Bellgrove
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health and School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia
| | - Jeffrey H Newcorn
- American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Division of ADHD and Learning Disorders, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Gignac
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Montreal Children's Hospital, MUHC, Montreal, Canada; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Division, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada
| | | | - Iris Manor
- Chair, Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel; Co-chair of the neurodevelopmental section in EPA (the European Psychiatric Association), France
| | - Luis Augusto Rohde
- Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Li Yang
- Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Samuele Cortese
- Center for Innovation in Mental Health, School of Psychology, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton,UK; Clinical and Experimental Sciences (CNS and Psychiatry), Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Solent NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Doron Almagor
- University of Toronto, SickKids Centre for Community Mental Health, Toronto, Canada; Canadian ADHD Research Alliance (CADDRA), Canada
| | - Mark A Stein
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Turki H Albatti
- Saudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haya F Aljoudi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Saudi ADHD Society Medical and Psychological Committee, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M J Alqahtani
- Clinical Psychology, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Saudi ADHD Society, Saudi Arabia
| | - Philip Asherson
- Social Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Lukoye Atwoli
- Department of Mental Health and Behavioural Science, Moi University School of Medicine, Eldoret, Kenya; Brain and Mind Institute, and Department of Internal Medicine, Medical College East Africa, the Aga Khan University, Kenya; African College of Psychopharmacology, Kenya; African Association of Psychiatrists, Kenya
| | - Sven Bölte
- Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders (KIND), Centre for Psychiatry Research; Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Stockholm Healthcare Services, Region Stockholm, Sweden; Curtin Autism Research Group, School of Occupational Therapy, Social Work and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Cleo L Crunelle
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Dept. of Psychiatry, Brussel, Belgium; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - David Daley
- Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; NIHR MindTech Mental Health MedTech Cooperative & Centre for ADHD and Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across the Lifespan (CANDAL), Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Søren Dalsgaard
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manfred Döpfner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, School of Child and Adolescent Cognitive Behavior Therapy (AKiP), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany
| | | | | | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Human Genetics and Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Professional Board, ADHD Europe, Belgium
| | - Manfred Gerlach
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany.
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Catharina A Hartman
- University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Interdisciplinary Center Psychopathology and Emotion Regulation (ICPE), Groningen, the Netherlands; ADHD Across the Lifespan Network from European College of Neuropsychopharmacology(ECNP), the Netherlands
| | | | - Stephen P Hinshaw
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA; University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pieter J Hoekstra
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chris Hollis
- Hassenfeld Children's Hospital at NYU Langone, New York University Child Study Center, New York City, New York, USA; Division of Psychiatry and Applied Psychology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK; Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, UK; NIHR MindTech MedTech Co-operative, Nottingham, UK; NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Scott H Kollins
- Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J J Sandra Kooij
- Amsterdam University Medical Center (VUMc), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; PsyQ, The Hague, the Netherlands; European Network Adult ADHD, the Netherlands; DIVA Foundation, the Netherlands; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France
| | - Jonna Kuntsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Henrik Larsson
- School of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden; Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Tingyu Li
- Growth, Development and Mental Health Center for Children and Adolescents, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; National Research Center for Clinical Medicine of Child Health and Disease, Chongqing, China; The Subspecialty Group of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, the Society of Pediatrics, Chinese Medical Association, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China; The Chinese Society of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, China; The Asian Society for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, China
| | - Eugene Merzon
- Department of Family Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Leumit Health Services, Tel Aviv, Israel; Israeli Society of ADHD, Israel; Israeli National Diabetes Council, Israel
| | - Gregory Mattingly
- Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA; Midwest Research Group, St Charles, MO, USA
| | - Paulo Mattos
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Brazilian Attention Deficit Association (ABDA), Brazil
| | | | | | - Brooke S G Molina
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychology, Pediatrics, Clinical & Translational Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Joel T Nigg
- Center for ADHD Research, Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Diane Purper-Ouakil
- University of Montpellier, CHU Montpellier Saint Eloi, MPEA, Medical and Psychological Unit for Children and Adolescents (MPEA), Montpellier, France; INSERM U 1018 CESP-Developmental Psychiatry, France
| | - Olayinka O Omigbodun
- Centre for Child & Adolescent Mental Health, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | | | - Yehuda Pollak
- Seymour Fox School of Education, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel; The Israeli Society of ADHD (ISA), Israel
| | - Alison S Poulton
- Brain Mind Centre Nepean, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Australian ADHD Professionals Association (AADPA), Australia
| | - Ravi Philip Rajkumar
- Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
| | | | - Andreas Reif
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; German Psychiatric Association, Germany
| | - Katya Rubia
- World Federation of ADHD, Switzerland; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neurosciences, King's College London, London, UK; European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS), Germany
| | - Julia Rucklidge
- School of Psychology, Speech and Hearing, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany; The German Association of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Germany; Zentrales-ADHS-Netz, Germany
| | - J Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Neurodevelopmental Disorders Across Lifespan Section of European Psychiatric Association, France; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), the Netherlands; DIVA Foundation, the Netherlands
| | - Arnt Schellekens
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; International Collaboration on ADHD and Substance Abuse (ICASA), Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Scheres
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Renata Schoeman
- University of Stellenbosch Business School, Cape Town, South Africa; South African Special Interest Group for Adult ADHD, South Africa; The South African Society of Psychiatrists/Psychiatry Management Group Management Guidelines for ADHD, South Africa; World Federation of Biological Psychiatry, Germany; American Psychiatric Association, USA; Association for NeuroPsychoEconomics, USA
| | - Julie B Schweitzer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and the MIND Institute, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Henal Shah
- Topiwala National Medical College & BYL Nair Ch. Hospital, Mumbai, India
| | - Mary V Solanto
- The Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Northwell Health, Hemstead, NY, USA; Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD), USA; American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; National Center for Children with Learning Disabilities (NCLD), USA
| | - Edmund Sonuga-Barke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - César Soutullo
- American Professional Society of ADHD and Related Disorders (APSARD), USA; European Network for Hyperkinetic Disorders (EUNETHYDIS), Germany; Louis A. Faillace MD, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hans-Christoph Steinhausen
- University of Zurich, CH, Switzerland; University of Basel, CH, Switzerland; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Centre of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - James M Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anita Thapar
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Wales, UK
| | - Gail Tripp
- Human Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Geurt van de Glind
- Hogeschool van Utrecht/University of Applied Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim van den Brink
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Saskia Van der Oord
- Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; European ADHD Guidelines Group, Germany
| | - Andre Venter
- University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Benedetto Vitiello
- University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Asian Federation of ADHD, China; Peking University Sixth Hospital/Institute of Mental Health, National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Halliday DWR, Kim Y, MacDonald SWS, Garcia-Barrera MA, Hundza SR, Macoun SJ. Intraindividual variability in executive and motor control tasks in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2021; 43:568-578. [PMID: 34396907 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.1965097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence highlights intraindividual variability (IIV) during executive function (EF) tasks as a reliable endophenotype of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and as contributing to motor dysregulation and hyperactive-impulsive behaviors. This study examined the relationship between EF and motor control in children with and without ADHD. METHOD Ninety-seven children (6-13 years) completed standardized and experimental tasks of executive and motor control. Primary caregivers completed a semi-structured interview, and behavioral rating forms for ADHD symptoms and EF. RESULTS Children with ADHD demonstrated lower performance on motor dexterity and sequencing tasks, and greater IIV during EF tasks with lower cognitive demand. IIV accounted for ADHD symptoms of hyperactivity, beyond age and motor dexterity. IIV from EF measures with lower cognitive demand was also sensitive to ADHD symptoms. CONCLUSION IIV metrics may tap into the motor regulation challenges associated with ADHD, as well as attentional lapsing at lower levels of cognitive demand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Drew W R Halliday
- Department Of Psychology, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Child Development Laboratory, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Institute Of Aging And Lifelong Health, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yaewon Kim
- Department Of Psychology, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Child Development Laboratory, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stuart W S MacDonald
- Department Of Psychology, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Institute Of Aging And Lifelong Health, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mauricio A Garcia-Barrera
- Department Of Psychology, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Institute Of Aging And Lifelong Health, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sandra R Hundza
- Institute Of Aging And Lifelong Health, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,School Of Exercise Science, Physical And Health Education, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarah J Macoun
- Department Of Psychology, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada.,Child Development Laboratory, University Of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Larsen LB, Daley D, Lange AM, Sonuga-Barke E, Thomsen PH, Rask CU. Effect of Parent Training on Health-Related Quality of Life in Preschool Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: A Secondary Analysis of Data From a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2021; 60:734-744.e3. [PMID: 32505701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE School-age children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL), but it is unclear whether this is also true for preschool children. It is unknown whether parent training (PT) improves HRQoL. This study compared HRQoL in preschool children with ADHD with age-matched children from the general population; examined whether PT improves HRQoL; and tested if treatment-related changes in HRQoL were mediated by improvements in ADHD, parent efficacy, and family stress. METHOD Parents of 164 children age 3-7 years with an ADHD diagnosis participated in a randomized controlled trial comparing the New Forest Parenting Programme and treatment as usual. Measures of HRQoL, ADHD, parent efficacy, and family stress were completed at baseline, posttreatment, and 36-week follow-up. Child baseline HRQoL was compared with 2 general population-based reference groups. PT effects were analyzed using linear models and mediation analyses. RESULTS Preschoolers with ADHD had lower HRQoL than the reference groups. The New Forest Parenting Programme, but not treatment as usual, was associated with improvement in psychosocial HRQoL at posttreatment (change 2.28, 95% CI [0.78, 3.77]) and at 36-week follow-up (change 2.05, 95% CI [0.56, 3.54]). This difference between treatment arms was not statistically significant. Parent efficacy and family stress scores at posttreatment significantly mediated improvements in HRQoL at 36-week follow-up; ADHD scores at posttreatment did not. CONCLUSION ADHD negatively impacts HRQoL in early childhood. PT for ADHD has the potential to improve HRQoL independently of its effects on ADHD symptoms. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION INFORMATION A Controlled Study of Parent Training in the Treatment of ADHD in Young Children (D'SNAPP); http://clinicaltrial.gov/; NCT01684644.
Collapse
|
50
|
Individualization of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder treatment: pharmacotherapy considerations by age and co-occurring conditions. CNS Spectr 2021; 26:202-221. [PMID: 32054558 DOI: 10.1017/s1092852919001822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that manifests in childhood and can persist into adolescence and adulthood. Impairments associated with ADHD can impact quality of life, social interactions, and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality; however, for many patients, effective treatment can lessen these effects. Pharmacotherapy with stimulants or nonstimulants is recommended in conjunction with psychosocial therapy for most patients. Determining the optimal pharmacotherapy can be complex, and the clinician needs to consider many factors such as the patient's age, comorbidities, and lifestyle. Furthermore, the needs of the patient with ADHD will change over time, with specific challenges to consider at each stage of life. A variety of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved stimulant and nonstimulant formulations are available with different modes of delivery and durations of effect. This armamentarium of ADHD medications can be used to individualize ADHD treatment for each patient's needs. This article combines current information from the literature and the first-hand experience of the authors to provide guidance on ADHD treatment options for patients of different ages and for some of the more common comorbidities.
Collapse
|