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Tiwana MH, Smith J. Faith and vaccination: a scoping review of the relationships between religious beliefs and vaccine hesitancy. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1806. [PMID: 38971784 PMCID: PMC11227154 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18873-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Throughout history, vaccines have proven effective in addressing and preventing widespread outbreaks, leading to a decrease in the spread and fatality rates of infectious diseases. In a time where vaccine hesitancy poses a significant challenge to public health, it is important to identify the intricate interplay of factors exemplified at the individual and societal levels which influence vaccination behaviours. Through this analysis, we aim to shed new light on the dynamics of vaccine hesitancy among religious groups, contributing to the broader effort to promote vaccine uptake, dispel misunderstandings, and encourage constructive dialogue with these groups. METHODS We used the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) using the 20-point checklist to guide this review. The inclusion criteria for our study were that the literature should be in English, concerned with vaccine hesitancy as the focus of study, study the impact religiosity or religious beliefs as either an outcome or control variable, concerning population levels, and be peer-reviewed. RESULTS We analysed 14 peer-reviewed articles that included components related to religiosity or religious beliefs and their impact on vaccine hesitancy published until September 2023. All the articles were published in approximately the last decade between 2012 and 2023, with only 4 of the articles published before 2020. Out of the 14 studies included in our review, twelve utilized quantitative methods, while the remaining two employed qualitative approaches. Among the studies included in our analysis, we found various approaches to categorizing religious belief and identity. In most studies when religion is uniformly regarded as the sole determinant of vaccine hesitancy, it consistently emerges as a significant factor in contributing to vaccine hesitancy. All studies in our review reported sociodemographic factors to some degree related to vaccine hesitancy within their sample populations. Our analysis underscored the need for nuanced approaches to addressing vaccine hesitancy among religious groups. CONCLUSION Vaccine hesitancy is a complex issue and driven by a myriad of individual and societal factors among which religious beliefs is commonly associated to be a driver of higher levels among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Haaris Tiwana
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Room 11810, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada.
| | - Julia Smith
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Blusson Hall, Room 11810, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6, Canada
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2
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Golos AM, Guntuku SC, Buttenheim AM. "Do not inject our babies": a social listening analysis of public opinion about authorizing pediatric COVID-19 vaccines. HEALTH AFFAIRS SCHOLAR 2024; 2:qxae082. [PMID: 38979103 PMCID: PMC11229700 DOI: 10.1093/haschl/qxae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Designing effective childhood vaccination counseling guidelines, public health campaigns, and school-entry mandates requires a nuanced understanding of the information ecology in which parents make vaccination decisions. However, evidence is lacking on how best to "catch the signal" about the public's attitudes, beliefs, and misperceptions. In this study, we characterize public sentiment and discourse about vaccinating children against SARS-CoV-2 with mRNA vaccines to identify prevalent concerns about the vaccine and to understand anti-vaccine rhetorical strategies. We applied computational topic modeling to 149 897 comments submitted to regulations.gov in October 2021 and February 2022 regarding the Food and Drug Administration's Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee's emergency use authorization of the COVID-19 vaccines for children. We used a latent Dirichlet allocation topic modeling algorithm to generate topics and then used iterative thematic and discursive analysis to identify relevant domains, themes, and rhetorical strategies. Three domains emerged: (1) specific concerns about the COVID-19 vaccines; (2) foundational beliefs shaping vaccine attitudes; and (3) rhetorical strategies deployed in anti-vaccine arguments. Computational social listening approaches can contribute to misinformation surveillance and evidence-based guidelines for vaccine counseling and public health promotion campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra M Golos
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Sharath-Chandra Guntuku
- Department of Computer and Information Science, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
| | - Alison M Buttenheim
- Department of Family and Community Health, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
- Leonard Davis Institute for Health Economics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, United States
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3
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Goddard-Eckrich D, Stringer KL, Richer A, Dasgupta A, Brooks D, Cervantes M, Downey DL, Kelleher P, Bell SL, Hunt T, Wu E, Johnson KA, Hall J, Guy-Cupid GAN, Thomas BV, Edwards K, Ramesh V, Gilbert L. 'Yeah, they suck. It's like they don't care about our health.' Medical mistrust among Black women under community supervision in New York city. CULTURE, HEALTH & SEXUALITY 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38915232 DOI: 10.1080/13691058.2024.2358084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Black women in the USA experience some of the poorest health outcomes and this is especially true for those involved in the carceral system who are at elevated risks for HIV/STIs, reproductive health, and chronic diseases. This study aimed to investigate Black women's experience accessing healthcare services. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 43 women from Project EWORTH under community supervision in New York City. We analysed responses focusing on barriers to healthcare engagement. All interviews were recorded, and data analysis was conducted using NVivo. Themes influencing Black women's ability to engage with healthcare providers and systems included: 1) disclosed provider mistrust/judgement; 2) feeling disrespected by providers and the medical system; 3) mistrust of medical providers/system/hospital/government; 4) lack of health communication; 5) low health literacy; 6) provider gender preference. Findings highlight the need to improve trust and collaboration between healthcare providers and Black women. This study addresses the critical gap in understanding perceptions of discrimination, stigma, and barriers to attaining health care. Funders and accreditation agencies must hold providers and organisations accountable for acquiring and making available diversity, equity and inclusion training for providers, demonstrating increasingly equitable medical relationships through responsiveness to patient feedback, and increasing the number of Black providers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Goddard-Eckrich
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Kristi L Stringer
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Public Health. Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN, USA
| | - Ariel Richer
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Anindita Dasgupta
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Deidra Brooks
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Cervantes
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Dget L Downey
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Phoebe Kelleher
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Sydney L Bell
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Timothy Hunt
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Elwin Wu
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Karen A Johnson
- School of Social Work, University of AL, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA
| | - Jennifer Hall
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Gail-Ann N Guy-Cupid
- College of Liberal Arts & Social Sciences, Social Work Program, University of The Virgin Islands, Saint. Thomas/Saint Croix, UVI, USA
| | - Brittany V Thomas
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Kevonyah Edwards
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Vineha Ramesh
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Louisa Gilbert
- The Social Intervention Group, School of Social Work, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
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4
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Muñoz Bohorquez J, Channell Doig A, Goldring S, Campos E, Burton K, Delacey JL, McCoy LH, Sorenson C, Crist G, Terhune C, Kim J. Access Barriers, Trusted Channels, and Misconceptions About the COVID-19 Vaccine Among Rural Immigrant Farmworkers. HISPANIC HEALTH CARE INTERNATIONAL 2024:15404153241262050. [PMID: 38881300 DOI: 10.1177/15404153241262050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Background: Although COVID-19 has disproportionately impacted immigrant agricultural workers, vaccination efforts have been challenging. Barriers to immunization include language, visa status, and access to medical care. Additionally, vaccine hesitancy, mistrust, and misinformation contributed to low uptake. Methods: A community needs assessment was conducted with immigrant agricultural workers (n = 9) and community stakeholders (n = 15) in rural areas of Maryland and Delaware. In-depth interviews were recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using template analysis. Results: The participants named trusted and untrusted sources, sources of misinformation, and barriers to accessing information and physical locations to receive the vaccine as reasons for not getting the vaccine. Trusted sources included known community leaders and television programs. Some barriers mentioned were fear of deportation, lack of paid time off, language barriers, and difficulty navigating the U.S. healthcare system. Discussion: There is a need for culturally-tailored programs that address misinformation and barriers and use community-based programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Muñoz Bohorquez
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Amara Channell Doig
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah Goldring
- Cooperative Extension, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Esmeralda Campos
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Kiarra Burton
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer Lynne Delacey
- Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa H McCoy
- University of Maryland Extension, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Catherine Sorenson
- University of Maryland Extension, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Gina Crist
- Cooperative Extension, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Crystal Terhune
- University of Maryland Extension, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
| | - Jinhee Kim
- University of Maryland Extension, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA
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5
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Romer D, Patterson S, Jamieson PE, Jamieson KH. What Caused the Narrowing of Black-White COVID-19 Vaccination Disparity in the US? A Test of 5 Hypotheses. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 29:371-382. [PMID: 38757709 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2024.2354360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Despite differential uptake of COVID-19 vaccination between Black and non-Hispanic White Americans early in the pandemic, the gap narrowed over time. We tested five hypotheses that could explain the reduction in the disparity. Using a national probability panel of over 1800 individuals surveyed from April 2021 to July 2022, we assessed receipt of recommended doses of COVID-19 vaccines along with (a) reported exposure to deaths due to COVID-19, (b) trust in US health authorities, such as the CDC, (c) knowledge about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination, (d) media use as a source of information, and (e) access to COVID-19 vaccines. Only increases in knowledge about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines uniquely mediated the increase in vaccination uptake among non-Hispanic Black compared to White, Asian and Hispanic panelists. While trust in CDC and exposure to COVID-19 deaths were related to vaccination acceptance at baseline, those factors were not associated with change in reported vaccination coverage. In addition, neither differential access nor media use explained the increase. Enhanced knowledge about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccination transmitted from within the Black community likely helped to increase vaccination relative to other racial-ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Romer
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Shawn Patterson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrick E Jamieson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kathleen Hall Jamieson
- Annenberg Public Policy Center, University of Pennsylvania Annenberg Public Policy Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Silva JBB, Howe CJ, Jackson JW, Riester MR, Bardenheier BH, Xu L, Puckrein G, van Aalst R, Loiacono MM, Zullo AR. Geographic Variation in Racial Disparities in Receipt of High-Dose Influenza Vaccine Among US Older Adults. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024; 11:1520-1529. [PMID: 37184814 PMCID: PMC10184628 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-023-01628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Racial disparities in receipt of high-dose influenza vaccine (HDV) have been documented nationally, but whether small-area geographic variation in such disparities exists remains unknown. We assessed the distribution of disparities in HDV receipt between Black and White traditional Medicare beneficiaries vaccinated against influenza within states and hospital referral regions (HRRs). METHODS We conducted a nationally representative retrospective cohort study of 11,768,724 community-dwelling traditional Medicare beneficiaries vaccinated against influenza during the 2015-2016 influenza season (94.3% White and 5.7% Black). Our comparison was marginalized versus privileged racial group measured as Black versus White race. Vaccination and type of vaccine were obtained from Medicare Carrier and Outpatient files. Differences in the proportions of individuals who received HDV between Black and White beneficiaries within states and HRRs were used to measure age- and sex-standardized disparities in HDV receipt. We restricted to states and HRRs with ≥ 100 beneficiaries per age-sex strata per racial group. RESULTS We detected a national disparity in HDV receipt of 12.8 percentage points (pps). At the state level, the median standardized HDV receipt disparity was 10.7 pps (minimum, maximum: 2.9, 25.6; n = 30 states). The median standardized HDV receipt disparity among HRRs was 11.6 pps (minimum, maximum: 0.4, 24.7; n = 54 HRRs). CONCLUSION Black beneficiaries were less likely to receive HDV compared to White beneficiaries in almost every state and HRR in our analysis. The magnitudes of disparities varied substantially across states and HRRs. Local interventions and policies are needed to target geographic areas with the largest disparities to address these inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe B B Silva
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-3, Providence, RI, USA.
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Chanelle J Howe
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Epidemiologic Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - John W Jackson
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Melissa R Riester
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-3, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Barbara H Bardenheier
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-3, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Westat LLC, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Liou Xu
- National Minority Quality Forum, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Gary Puckrein
- National Minority Quality Forum, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Robertus van Aalst
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-3, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Modelling, Epidemiology, and Data Science, Sanofi, Lyon, France
- Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew R Zullo
- Department of Health Services, Policy, and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Box G-S121-3, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
- Center of Innovation in Long-Term Services and Supports, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA
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7
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Chinn S, Hasell A. How Different Uses of Social Media Inform Perceptions of Offline Social Norms and Changes in Vaccine Intentions. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2024; 39:1198-1208. [PMID: 37143302 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2207284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
As the boundaries between our online and offline lives are increasingly blurred, it is important to attend to the ways in which online behaviors shape our offline perceptions and actions. While a great deal of health communication research has examined the effects of exposure to specific social media content, it is also important to investigate how broader patterns of everyday social media use may affect perceptions of health norms and behaviors in different ways. In this panel survey, we explored how using social media for informational, connection, and aspirational purposes affected perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination norms and changes in vaccine intentions between December 2020 and March 2021 in the US Using social media to seek information and to connect with others positively influenced vaccine intentions via strengthening perceptions of offline social norms supporting vaccination. These findings highlight how social media use is integrated with and informs our offline lives, as well as the important role apolitical social media use plays in shaping attitudes toward politicized science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedona Chinn
- Department of Life Sciences Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | - Ariel Hasell
- Department of Communication and Media, University of Michigan
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8
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Furst R, Goldszmidt R, Andrade EB, Vieites Y, Andretti B, Ramos GA. Longitudinal attenuation in political polarization: Evidence from COVID-19 vaccination adherence in Brazil. Soc Sci Med 2024; 348:116783. [PMID: 38574589 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While political polarization in policy opinions, preferences, and observance is well established, little is known about whether and how such divisions evolve, and possibly attenuate, over time. Using the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil as the backdrop, we examine the longitudinal evolution of a highly relevant and polarizing policy: adherence to the COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS Studies 1 (N = 3346) and 2 (N = 10,214) use nationwide surveys to document initial differences and subsequent changes in vaccination adherence between conservatives ("Bolsonaristas") and non-conservatives ("non-Bolsonaristas"). Study 3 (N = 742) uses an original dataset to investigate belief changes among conservatives and their association with asymmetric changes in vaccination adherence. RESULTS Despite substantial differences at the early stages of rollout, the gap in vaccination adherence between conservatives and non-conservatives significantly decreased with the passage of time, driven essentially by a much faster uptake among the initially most skeptic-the conservatives. Study 3 demonstrates that the asymmetric changes in vaccination adherence were associated with meaningful belief changes among the conservatives, especially about the perceived effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines and the expected adherence of peers to the vaccination campaign. CONCLUSIONS Together, these studies show that, in a context where the superiority of the promoted policy becomes clear over time and individuals have the opportunity to revisit prior beliefs, even intense political polarization can be attenuated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Furst
- Policy and Practice Research Group, Pandemic Sciences Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, England, UK.
| | - Rafael Goldszmidt
- Brazil Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration (EBAPE), Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Andrade
- Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, Exhibition Rd, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Yan Vieites
- Brazil Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration (EBAPE), Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Andretti
- Centre for Health Economics & Policy Innovation, Department of Economics & Public Policy, Imperial College Business School, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Guilherme A Ramos
- Vanderbilt University Owen Graduate School of Management, Nashville, TN, 37203, United States; José Luiz Egydio Setúbal Foundation, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Doherty TM, Di Pasquale A, Finnegan G, Lele J, Philip RK. Sustaining the momentum for adult vaccination post-COVID-19 to leverage the global uptake of life-course immunisation: A scoping review and call to action. Int J Infect Dis 2024; 142:106963. [PMID: 38354849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2024.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic changed the adult vaccination landscape, possibly permanently. This review attempts to quantitate the magnitude of those changes. METHODS PubMed was searched for studies on adult / life-course vaccination between 1 January 2020 until 8 November 2022. RESULTS Twenty-one articles were identified and observations summarised as positive developments/impediments to life-course immunisation, and areas needing policy and structural reform. Unprecedented funding, international co-operation and technical advances led to COVID-19 vaccines authorised in record time. Investments in infrastructure and an expanded healthcare workforce streamlined vaccine delivery to adults. Constant media coverage and targeted messaging have improved health literacy. Conversely, the speed of vaccine development was perceived as a safety risk, and an 'infodemic' of misinformation propagated through social media negatively influenced vaccine uptake. Vaccine access and affordability remains inequitable among older adults and minority groups. CONCLUSIONS The COVID pandemic led to an opportunity to permanently change policies, attitudes, and systems for vaccine delivery to adults to establish a global life-course approach to immunisation. This is a call for action to sustain the momentum triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic. Addressing inequalities, improving health literacy and optimally using social media are critical to sustain adult vaccinations in post-COVID-19 era.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alberta Di Pasquale
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International AG Singapore Branch, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Jayesh Lele
- Indian Medical Association, National Hospital Board of India, Mumbai, India
| | - Roy K Philip
- University Maternity Hospital Limerick, University of Limerick School of Medicine, Limerick, Ireland
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10
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Martinelli M, Veltri GA. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance: A comparative longitudinal analysis of the association between risk perception, confidence, and the acceptance of a COVID-19 vaccine. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2024; 44:802-816. [PMID: 37496470 DOI: 10.1111/risa.14200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Following the outbreak of COVID-19, scientists rushed to develop vaccines to protect individuals and ferry the world out of the pandemic. Unfortunately, vaccine hesitancy is a major threat to the success of vaccination campaigns. Research on previous pandemics highlighted the centrality of perceived risk and confidence as core determinants of vaccine acceptance. Research on COVID-19 is less conclusive, and frequently it relies on one-country, cross-sectional data, thus making it hard to generalize results across contexts and observe these relationships over time. To bridge these gaps, in this article, we analyzed the association between perceived risk, confidence, and vaccine acceptance cross-sectionally at individual and country levels. Then, we longitudinally explored whether a within-country variation in perceived risk and confidence was correlated with a variation in vaccine acceptance. We used data from a large-scale survey of individuals in 23 countries and 19 time-points between June 2020 and March 2021 and comparative longitudinal multilevel models to estimate the associations at different levels of analysis simultaneously. Results show the existence of cross-sectional relationships at the individual and country levels but no significant associations within countries over time. This article contributes to our understanding of the roles of risk perception and confidence in COVID-19 vaccines' acceptance by underlining that these relationships might differ at diverse levels of analysis. To foster vaccine uptake, it might be important to address individual concerns and persisting contextual characteristics, but increasing levels of perceived risk and confidence might not be a sufficient strategy to increase vaccine acceptance rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Martinelli
- Department of Sociology, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Giuseppe A Veltri
- Department of Sociology and Social Research, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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11
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Kuo CT, Yu RR. Association of National Identity and Trust in Government with COVID-19 Vaccination and Brand Choice in Taiwan. J Community Health 2024:10.1007/s10900-024-01347-4. [PMID: 38522040 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-024-01347-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
In Taiwan, hesitancy regarding COVID-19 vaccination centered more on the choice of vaccine brand than on the decision to vaccinate. However, there is limited research exploring the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine brand preferences from a sociopolitical perspective. Thus, we aimed to examine how Taiwanese national identity and trust in government influence vaccination status and vaccine brand choice, using longitudinal data from 2020, 2021, and 2023. This study utilized data from the Taiwan Panel Study of Family Dynamics 2020 survey, and combined it with data from two self-administered surveys conducted in 2021 and 2023. We focused on four vaccines commonly administered in Taiwan: AstraZeneca, Moderna, Pfizer-BioNTech, and the domestically-developed Medigen. Using Poisson regression models with robust standard errors, we assessed the effects of national identity and trust in government on the choice of COVID-19 vaccine brand. By analyzing data from 2361 participants, we found that national identity and trust in government were associated with the likelihood of COVID-19 vaccination, the number of vaccine doses received, and the brand of vaccine taken. Those who identified themselves as Taiwanese were more inclined to receive the Medigen and AstraZeneca vaccines, but less willing to receive Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Those who trusted the government were more likely to prefer and receive the Medigen vaccine. Conversely, those who didn't trust the government were less likely to prefer Medigen and AstraZeneca vaccines, but were willing to receive Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. Vaccine brand preferences and uptake in Taiwan were affected by individuals' national identity and their trust in government. This highlights the critical role of sociopolitical factors in shaping public health strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Tung Kuo
- Center for Survey Research, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ruoh-Rong Yu
- Center for Survey Research, Research Center for Humanities and Social Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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12
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Lan Y, Jin L. Heritage and hesitancy: how preference for traditional Chinese medicine influences vaccine attitudes. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1355720. [PMID: 38566787 PMCID: PMC10985209 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1355720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Vaccine hesitancy, amplified by the COVID-19 pandemic, is a pressing public health challenge. This study investigates the association between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) preference and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy within China. Methods The study uses data from the 2021 Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) (N = 2,690). Logistic regressions and Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method are employed to analyzed the relationship between TCM preference and vaccine hesitancy. Results The study reaffirms prior findings by revealing a robust and stable association between TCM preference and vaccine hesitancy, which remains unaffected by socioeconomic and demographic confounders, as well as institutional trust dynamics of healthcare system. Contrary to expectations, TCM enthusiasts do not exhibit vaccine hesitancy based on divergent epistemological views concerning vaccine risks and immunity acquisition compared to biomedicine. Discussion This research enriches understandings of the intricate relations between healthcare paradigms and vaccine attitudes, inviting further inquiry into the role of CAM in shaping vaccination behaviors across different cultures and contexts. The insights bear significant public health implications for enhancing vaccine acceptance and coverage, particularly among populations where CAM practices wield substantial influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxin Lan
- Department of Social Work, School of Sociology and Political Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Sociology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lei Jin
- Faculty of Social Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Region, Hong Kong SAR, China
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13
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Vincent W. Willingness to Use Digital Health Screening and Tracking Tools for Public Health in Sexual Minority Populations in a National Probability Sample: Quantitative Intersectional Analysis. J Med Internet Res 2024; 26:e47448. [PMID: 38457790 PMCID: PMC10960216 DOI: 10.2196/47448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about sexual minority adults' willingness to use digital health tools, such as pandemic-related tools for screening and tracking, outside of HIV prevention and intervention efforts for sexual minority men, specifically. Additionally, given the current cultural climate in the United States, heterosexual and sexual minority adults may differ in their willingness to use digital health tools, and there may be within-group differences among sexual minority adults. OBJECTIVE This study compared sexual minority and heterosexual adults' willingness to use COVID-19-related digital health tools for public health screening and tracking and tested whether sexual minority adults differed from each other by age group, gender, and race or ethnicity. METHODS We analyzed data from a cross-sectional, national probability survey (n=2047) implemented from May 30 to June 8, 2020, in the United States during the height of the public health response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Using latent-variable modeling, heterosexual and sexual minority adults were tested for differences in their willingness to use digital health tools for public health screening and tracking. Among sexual minority adults, specifically, associations with age, gender, and race or ethnicity were assessed. RESULTS On average, sexual minority adults showed greater willingness to use digital health tools for screening and tracking than heterosexual adults (latent factor mean difference 0.46, 95% CI 0.15-0.77). Among sexual minority adults, there were no differences by age group, gender, or race or ethnicity. However, African American (b=0.41, 95% CI 0.19-0.62), Hispanic or Latino (b=0.36, 95% CI 0.18-0.55), and other racial or ethnic minority (b=0.54, 95% CI 0.31-0.77) heterosexual adults showed greater willingness to use digital health tools for screening and tracking than White heterosexual adults. CONCLUSIONS In the United States, sexual minority adults were more willing to use digital health tools for screening and tracking than heterosexual adults. Sexual minority adults did not differ from each other by age, gender, or race or ethnicity in terms of their willingness to use these digital health tools, so no sexual orientation-based or intersectional disparities were identified. Furthermore, White heterosexual adults were less willing to use these tools than racial or ethnic minority heterosexual adults. Findings support the use of digital health tools with sexual minority adults, which could be important for other public health-related concerns (eg, the recent example of mpox). Additional studies are needed regarding the decision-making process of White heterosexual adults regarding the use of digital health tools to address public health crises, including pandemics or outbreaks that disproportionately affect minoritized populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Vincent
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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14
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Konstantopoulos A, Dayton L, Latkin C. The politics of vaccination: a closer look at the beliefs, social norms, and prevention behaviors related to COVID-19 vaccine uptake within two US political parties. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2024; 29:589-602. [PMID: 37992282 PMCID: PMC10922401 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2023.2283401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and suboptimal vaccine uptake rates are pressing public health challenges. Vaccine hesitancy has been observed for different vaccines. For COVID-19 vaccines, multiple factors influence vaccine uptake in the U.S. including political ideology. A more nuanced understanding of the factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine uptake within political parties is needed. This study assesses the relationship between known vaccine hesitancy factors and vaccine uptake within two major political parties. Data from 804 U.S. participants in an online survey from June 2021 was used to assess the association between COVID-19 vaccine uptake (no dose vs. any dose) and categories of factors thought to influence vaccine uptake (sociodemographic variables, COVID-19 disease and vaccine belief variables, belief in COVID-19 prevention behavior variables, and social network features variables) for Republicans and Democrats using bivariate and multivariate regression. 65.4% of the sample reported having received at least one dose of the COVID-19 vaccine (22.6% Republican and 52.1% Democrat). In the total sample bivariate model, Democrat participants had significantly greater odds of having received a dose of the vaccine as compared to Republican participants (OR = 2.51, 95%CI = 1.73-3.64). In adjusted models, the speed of vaccine development was negatively associated with vaccine uptake for both Republicans (aOR = 0.18, 95%CI = 0.06-0.57) and Democrats (aOR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.19-0.86), as was concern about side effects from the vaccine (Republicans: aOR = 0.15; 95%CI = 0.05-0.47; Democrats: aOR = 0.14, 95%CI = 0.06-0.31). COVID-19 vaccine uptake among Republicans, but not Democrats, was associated with belief that the vaccine prevents COVID-19 (aOR = 3.29, 95%CI = 1.29-8.37) and belief about friends' vaccine intentions (aOR = 6.19, 95%CI = 2.39-16.05). There were no significant factors unique to Democrats. Concerns about aspects of COVID-19 vaccine safety for both political groups suggest that vaccine advocacy interventions should universally address these factors. However, Republican beliefs in vaccine efficacy and in friends' vaccine intentions suggest a need for Republican-specific messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Konstantopoulos
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren Dayton
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Carl Latkin
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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15
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Capasso M, Conner M, Caso D. Testing an extended theory of planned behaviour in predicting Covid-19 vaccination intention over the course of the pandemic: A three-wave repeated cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24826. [PMID: 38314287 PMCID: PMC10837554 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Mass vaccination against Covid-19 has been recognised as the most effective strategy for overcoming the pandemic emergency and remains crucial in the ongoing efforts to mitigate the impact of the virus. The present study aimed to test the efficacy of an extended Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model in predicting vaccination intention in three different phases of the pandemic. Understanding how psychological drivers of vaccine acceptance may have changed throughout the pandemic is essential for informing public health strategies and addressing vaccine hesitancy, even in the current post-pandemic context. Methods Using a repeated cross-sectional survey, we tested the hypothesised extended TPB model (intention, attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioural control, anticipated affective reactions, risk perception, trust in science, trust in institutions and religiosity) across three independent samples: before (T1: November-December 2020; N = 657), during (T2: March-May 2021; N = 818), and after (T3: February-March 2022; N = 605) the start of the vaccination campaign in Italy. Results Results indicated significant differences between the time points in all investigated variables, pointing to a general trend of improvement in vaccine acceptability levels at T2 compared to T1, and a worsening at T3 compared to the other two time points. Interestingly, net of these differences, a multi-group Structural Equation Modeling analysis supported the invariance, across time, of the structural relationships examined within the extended TPB. Conclusion Findings demonstrated the efficacy of the TPB in predicting Covid-19 vaccination intention at different stages of the pandemic, suggesting that the model, in its extended version, represents a valuable framework for designing interventions aimed at promoting vaccine acceptance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Capasso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
| | - Mark Conner
- School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Daniela Caso
- Department of Humanities, University of Naples Federico II, Italy
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16
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Moore R, Purvis RS, Willis DE, Li J, Langner J, Gurel-Headley M, Kraleti S, Curran GM, Macechko MD, McElfish PA. "Every Time It Comes Time for Another Shot, It's a Re-Evaluation": A Qualitative Study of Intent to Receive COVID-19 Boosters among Parents Who Were Hesitant Adopters of the COVID-19 Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:171. [PMID: 38400154 PMCID: PMC10892107 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 vaccine coverage remains low for US children, especially among those living in rural areas and the Southern/Southeastern US. As of 12 September 2023, the CDC recommended bivalent booster doses for everyone 6 months and older. Emerging research has shown an individual may be vaccine hesitant and also choose to receive a vaccine for themselves or their child(ren); however, little is known regarding how hesitant adopters evaluate COVID-19 booster vaccinations. We used an exploratory qualitative descriptive study design and conducted individual interviews with COVID-19 vaccine-hesitant adopter parents (n = 20) to explore COVID-19 parental intentions to have children receive COVID-19 boosters. Three primary themes emerged during the analysis: risk, confidence, and intent, with risk assessments from COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccine confidence often related to an individual parent's intent to vaccinate. We also found links among individuals with persistent concerns about the COVID-19 vaccine and low COVID-19 vaccine confidence with conditional and/or low/no intent and refusal to receive recommended boosters for children. Our findings suggest that healthcare providers and public health officials should continue making strong recommendations for vaccines, continue to address parental concerns, and provide strong evidence for vaccine safety and efficacy even among the vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramey Moore
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA; (R.M.); (R.S.P.); (D.E.W.)
| | - Rachel S. Purvis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA; (R.M.); (R.S.P.); (D.E.W.)
| | - Don E. Willis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA; (R.M.); (R.S.P.); (D.E.W.)
| | - Ji Li
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA
| | - Jonathan Langner
- Office of Community Health and Research, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA;
| | - Morgan Gurel-Headley
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.G.-H.); (S.K.)
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Shashank Kraleti
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA; (M.G.-H.); (S.K.)
| | - Geoffrey M. Curran
- College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., Little Rock, AR 72205, USA;
- Center for Mental Healthcare and Outcomes Research, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, 4300 W. 7th St., North Little Rock, AR 72114, USA
| | - Michael D. Macechko
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Ave., Fayetteville, AR 72703, USA;
| | - Pearl A. McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 2708 S. 48th St., Springdale, AR 72762, USA; (R.M.); (R.S.P.); (D.E.W.)
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17
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Lamot M, Kerman K, Kirbiš A. Ideological differences in COVID-19 vaccine intention: the effects of trust in the healthcare system, in complementary and alternative medicine, and perceived threat from the disease. Front Psychol 2024; 15:1332697. [PMID: 38375112 PMCID: PMC10875337 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1332697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Politically left-leaning individuals are more likely to get vaccinated against COVID-19, although little is known about the mechanisms underlying the ideological differences in vaccination intentions. Understanding the extent to which trust in the healthcare system, in complementary and alternative medicine, and the perceived threat from the disease contribute to these disparities is crucial, as it could inform targeted interventions to address vaccine hesitancy across the political spectrum. Methods The present cross-sectional study conducted among adults living in Slovenia (n = 858) examined the mediating role of trust in the healthcare system, trust in complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), and the perceived threat from the virus on COVID-19 vaccination intention. Results We found that leftist ideology and trust in the healthcare system positively predicted vaccination intention, whereas CAM negatively predicted this intention. In addition, left-leaning individuals expressed greater trust in the healthcare system and lower trust in CAM, resulting in higher levels of COVID-19 vaccination intention. The serial mediation model confirmed that trust in CAM was a negative predictor, while trust in the healthcare system positively predicted perceived threat. Discussion When dealing with vaccine hesitancy among right-oriented individuals, strategies should focus on enhancing trust in the healthcare system and critically evaluating the reliance on CAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Lamot
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Katja Kerman
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Kirbiš
- Department of Sociology, Faculty of Arts, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
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18
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Godfrey O, Bogg T, Milad E. A Psychosocial Model of COVID-19 Vaccination: Antecedent and Concurrent Effects of Demographics, Traits, Political Beliefs, Vaccine Intention, Information Sources, Mandates, and Flu Vaccine History. Ann Behav Med 2024; 58:12-21. [PMID: 37540839 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, research investigating psychosocial correlates of COVID-19 vaccination has been cross-sectional, parochial, and/or reliant upon non-stratified international samples, resulting in difficulty in clarifying the contributions of various vaccination-related influences. PURPOSE The present study tested a novel integration of prospective and concurrent associations of demographic and dispositional tendencies, intervening illness and preventive beliefs, vaccine intention, illness experiences, and concurrent contextual vaccine-related influences with subsequent COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS The preregistered study used a stratified online U.S. sample (N = 500), with assessments aligned to (a) "15 days to slow the spread" in March 2020, (b) vaccine authorization and major case/mortality surge during December 2020 and January 2021, and (c) the period following full vaccine approval in August 2021 during the third major/case mortality surge during September and October 2021. RESULTS Path modeling showed the absence of children in the household and greater education were prospective predictors of vaccination. Trait openness and less conservative political beliefs showed indirect prospective associations with vaccination via stronger intermediating vaccine intention. Contextual vaccine-related influences of vaccine-related information sources, employer mandates, and flu vaccine history also showed direct associations with vaccination. In contrast to expectations, lower conscientiousness showed a direct prospective association with vaccination. CONCLUSIONS Controlling for interrelations among study variables, the results of the integrative psychosocial model clarified the unique contributions and pathways from antecedent characteristics to vaccination while accounting for vaccine-related contextual influences, providing further direction for refining the timing and content of public health messaging for vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Godfrey
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tim Bogg
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Milad
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, Detroit, MI, USA
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19
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Yuan Y, Yeo SY, Lee KS. Different roles of interpersonal trust and institutional trust in motivating older adults to receive COVID-19 vaccines in Singapore. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116475. [PMID: 38064820 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Since the approvals of several vaccines against COVID-19 by the World Health Organization, a large body of research has studied the determinants of individuals' intention to be vaccinated against COVID-19 in a variety of societies. Vaccine intention is a complex construct rooted in the social context that informs the decision-making process. The underlying reasons for older adults' intention to receive the vaccination is even more important to health authorities in societies with large proportions of older adults. In this paper, we interview 27 women over age 55 in Singapore about their COVID-19 vaccine decision-making. Using a social-ecological framework of trust, we identify factors at both individual and institutional levels that build or undermine trust and underlie older women's decisions to receive COVID-19 vaccinations in an authoritarian regime. Findings show that both interpersonal trust and institutional trust contribute to vaccine uptake, however, trust can also contribute to delays in vaccination. Moreover, a sizable minority of respondents report that they were vaccinated not because of institutional trust, but because they felt compelled to do so. The results shed light on directions for future vaccination campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Yuan
- School of History and Sociology, Georgia Institute of Technology, USA.
| | - Shun Yuan Yeo
- Department of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore
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20
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Pang Z, Ma X. What drives the vaccination intention against COVID-19? Application of EPPM, TAM, and theories of risk assessment. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2180969. [PMID: 36919459 PMCID: PMC10026910 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2180969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vaccines are widely used to fight against COVID-19. However, COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy appears as some individuals are concerned with COVID-19 vaccines. This study investigates the vaccination intention against COVID-19 in China with the Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM), Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), and theories of risk information assessment. Results showed that the formation mechanism of vaccination intention could be considered a psychological process, as subjective knowledge was a primary influence on correspondents' weighting of both the potentially positive (usefulness) and negative effects (threat) of vaccination. This unequal consideration then resulted in different levels of fear arousal between subjects. Driven by usefulness/threat perception and fear, people conducted different decision strategies, so-called analytical assessment, and experiential assessment to make vaccination decision. In addition to the direct effects of experiential assessment on vaccination intention, two decision strategies and fear arousal also affected people's vaccination intention through the mediation role of vaccination attitude. For policymakers and stakeholders, this study provides a knowledge base for confidence-building, and emotional guidance concerning against COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjing Pang
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinlin Ma
- School of Public Policy and Management, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- Department of City and Regional Planning, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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21
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Darnell WH, Daugherty CD, Hart ZP, Lambert South A. Exploring First Responder Beliefs and Decisions to Vaccinate Against SARS-COV-2. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:3316-3325. [PMID: 36636017 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2149065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As frontline providers, first responders are not always thought of as patients with unique health beliefs. During early and continued distribution, many first responders in the United States chose to refuse vaccination. Guided by the health belief model and emerging research related to SARS-COV-2, the aim of this study was to further explore the complex message conditions that contributed to first responders' early vaccination decisions. An online survey was conducted between March 1 and March 31 2021, among first responders in the state of Kentucky, which has lagged behind most states in the percentage of the population who are fully vaccinated. The first responder sample included Firefighters, Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs), and paramedics who completed a Qualtrics survey that included measures aimed at assessing health beliefs about SARS-COV-2, beliefs about SARS-COV-2 vaccines, source trustworthiness, and vaccine motivation. First responders were also asked to rank the importance of various information sources about SARS-COV-2 and its vaccines. Findings suggest significant differences exist among first responders who have chosen to receive SARS-COV-2 vaccines and those who have refused, including source preference, conspiracy beliefs, and perceived risk. Future directions, including the exploration of institutional mistrust as a health belief are discussed. These findings offer practical insights that may improve continuing approaches to discover and use preferred communication sources to reach the vaccine-hesitant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zachary P Hart
- Department of Communication, Northern Kentucky University
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22
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Ezeh N, Sirek G, Ulysse SN, Williams JN, Chandler MT, Ojikutu BO, York M, Crespo-Bosque M, Jean-Jacques M, Roberson T, Mancera-Cuevas K, Milaeger H, Losina E, Dhand A, Son MB, Ramsey-Goldman R, Feldman CH. Understanding Stakeholders' Perspectives to Increase COVID-19 Vaccine and Booster Uptake Among Black Individuals With Rheumatic Conditions. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:2508-2518. [PMID: 37309724 PMCID: PMC10716359 DOI: 10.1002/acr.25172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disparities in COVID-19 vaccine and booster uptake persist. This study aimed to obtain perspectives from community and physician stakeholders on COVID-19 vaccine and booster hesitancy and strategies to promote vaccine uptake among Black individuals with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions. METHODS We invited community leaders and physicians in greater Boston and Chicago to participate in semi-structured interviews using a moderator guide developed a priori. Participants were queried about how to best address vaccine hesitancy, strategies to target high-risk populations, and factors to identify future community leaders. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using Dedoose. RESULTS A total of 8 physicians and 12 community leaders participated in this study between November 2021 and October 2022. Qualitative analyses revealed misinformation/mixed messaging and mistrust, with subthemes including conspiracy theories, concerns regarding vaccine development and function, racism and historical injustices, and general mistrust of health care systems as the top cited reasons for COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Participants also shared demographic-specific differences, such as race, ethnicity, age, and gender that influenced the identified themes, with emphasis on COVID-19 vaccine access and apathy. Strategies for community-based vaccine-related information dissemination included personal storytelling with an iterative and empathetic approach, while recognizing the importance of protecting community leader well-being. CONCLUSION To increase vaccine uptake among Black individuals with rheumatic conditions, strategies should acknowledge and respond to racial/ethnic and socioeconomic injustices that engender vaccine hesitancy. Messaging should be compassionate, individually tailored, and recognize heterogeneity in experiences and opinions. Results from these analyses will inform a planned community-based intervention in Boston and Chicago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nnenna Ezeh
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Greta Sirek
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Sciaska N. Ulysse
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jessica N. Williams
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Mia T. Chandler
- The Rheumatology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Bisola O. Ojikutu
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Boston Public Health Commission, Boston, MA
- Division of Global Health Equity, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Michael York
- Department of Rheumatology, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Tonya Roberson
- College of Health and Human Services, Governors State University, University Park, IL
| | | | - Holly Milaeger
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Northwestern Medicine/Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Elena Losina
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- The Orthopedic and Arthritis Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Amar Dhand
- Division of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Mary Beth Son
- The Rheumatology Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rosalind Ramsey-Goldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Northwestern Medicine/Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Candace H. Feldman
- Division of Rheumatology, Inflammation and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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23
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Afsharinia B, Gurtoo A. Role of leadership and incentive-based programs in addressing vaccine hesitancy in India. Vaccine X 2023; 15:100346. [PMID: 37577213 PMCID: PMC10413069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study goes beyond the popular 5Cs model of vaccine hesitancy to explore perceived social norms, role of leadership and the role of incentive-based intervention for improving the likelihood of vaccination, in a population-representative sample of adults in India (N = 1129). We investigated differences in socio-demographic status, perceived descriptive norms like vaccine behaviours, beliefs, experience and perceived injunctive norms like community and political leadership within the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are related to vaccination. Further, we examined the role of incentive-based intervention as a potentially salient predictor of adults' vaccine uptake. The study is based on a cross-sectional survey conducted in July-November 2021, which included questions about impacts of pandemic collected by phone call interview from adults' beneficiaries of Government free food schemes, across 11 states in India. The data include 81 % vaccinated and 19 % vaccine hesitant participants, with a higher proportion of business or self-employed (53.1 %) as vaccine hesitant. We performed the t-test to assess the variation between vaccinated and vaccine hesitant adults, and Exploratory Factor Analysis to uncover the underlying dimension of vaccine hesitancy. Subsequently, Binary Logistic Regression model probed the factors associated with likelihood of vaccination uptake. In contrast to the prevailing evidence, results demonstrated community and political leadership has significant negative impact on vaccination (p-value < 0.06, 95 % CI, 0.57-1.01). Incentive-based intervention offer a vital leverage to enhance positive attitude towards vaccination (p-value < 0.05, 95 % CI, 1.01-1.80). The results thus broadly highlight the limited role of political and community leaders in leveraging their influence on vaccination, the role of timely, accurate information, applications of telemedicine as an important tool to provide healthcare and the need for optimal design of incentive-based vaccination programs recommended by trusted sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bita Afsharinia
- Senior Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
| | - Anjula Gurtoo
- Senior Research Scholar, Department of Management Studies, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore 560012, India
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Link E. Avoidance of Interpersonal Discussions About the COVID-19 Vaccination: Applying the Theory of Motivated Information Management. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:2843-2853. [PMID: 36111750 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2022.2124055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Using a stratified sample of German non-vaccinated residents (N = 1,328), we examined the effectiveness of the Theory of Motivated Information Management (TMIM) in explaining avoidant information management among family and friends, in the context of the COVID-19 vaccination. Our results generally supported the TMIM's utility as a theoretical framework for understanding avoidant information management, as the model fitted the data well. The study contributes to the theoretical development of the TMIM, by proving that anxiety and hope operate jointly and contribute to decisions for avoiding interpersonal discussions. Further, our findings indicate that avoidance efficacy is a valuable supplement to the considered types of efficacy assessments. As a practical implication, our findings indicate that interventions encouraging individuals to talk to their family and friends should focus on raising levels of communication and target efficacy, to overcome barriers to interpersonal discussions. This is significant in motivating individuals to get vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Link
- Department of Journalism and Communication Research, Hanover University of Music, Drama, and Media
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Jiao L, Wachinger J, Dasch S, Bärnighausen T, McMahon SA, Chen S. Calculation, knowledge, and identity: Dimensions of trust when making COVID-19 vaccination choices in China. SSM. QUALITATIVE RESEARCH IN HEALTH 2023; 4:100288. [PMID: 37334196 PMCID: PMC10232919 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmqr.2023.100288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Vaccine hesitancy threatens the response to the COVID-19 pandemic and to other infectious disease outbreaks globally. Fostering trust has been highlighted as a critical factor in addressing vaccine hesitancy and expanding vaccine coverage, but qualitative exploration of trust in the context of vaccination remains limited. We contribute to filling this gap by providing a comprehensive qualitative analysis of trust in the context of COVID-19 vaccination in China. We conducted 40 in-depth interviews with Chinese adults in December 2020. During data collection, trust emerged as a highly salient topic. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and analyzed with a combination of inductive and deductive coding. Following established trust literature, we differentiate between three types of trust - calculation-based trust, knowledge-based trust, and identity-based trust - which we grouped across components of the health system, as informed by the WHO's building blocks. Our results highlight how participants attributed their level of trust in COVID-19 vaccines to their trust in the medical technology itself (based on assessing risks and benefits or previous vaccination experiences), the service delivery and health workforce (informed by past experiences with health providers and their role throughout the pandemic), and leadership and governance (drawing on notions of government performance and patriotism). Reducing negative impact from past vaccine controversies, increasing the credibility of pharmaceutical companies, and fostering clear communication are identified as important channels for facilitating trust. Our findings emphasize a strong need for comprehensive information on COVID-19 vaccines and increased promotion of vaccination by credible figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirui Jiao
- Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York, USA
| | - Jonas Wachinger
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Selina Dasch
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Till Bärnighausen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard School of Public Health, Massachusetts, USA
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shannon A McMahon
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- International Health Department, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Simiao Chen
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Myrick JG, Chen J, Jang E, Norman MP, Liu Y, Medina L, Blessing JN, Parhizkar H. An Experimental Test of the Effects of Public Mockery of a Social Media Health Campaign: Implications for Theory and Health Organizations' Social Media Strategies. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37981576 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2282833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
This study explored how social media users' mocking of a public health campaign can affect other users' emotions, cognitions, and behavioral intentions. Inspired by public mocking of the CDC's "Say No to Raw Dough" campaign aiming to prevent food poisoning caused by eating raw flour-based products, this experiment (N = 681) employed a 2 (Public responses to a PSA: Mocking or serious) x 3 (Organizational response to public responses: Self-mocking, serious, or none) + 1 (control condition) design. Statistical tests revealed that user-generated mocking can lower intentions to avoid the health risk by decreasing perceptions of injunctive norms (that is, seeing others mock a public health campaign resulted in weaker perceptions that others think you should avoid the risky behavior). Mockery of a public health campaign also engender anger at the CDC and at other users, with the target of the anger having differential effects on intentions to avoid eating raw dough. Implications for theory and the practice of social media-based health promotion are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jin Chen
- School of Communications, Grand Valley State University
| | - Eunchae Jang
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Penn State University
| | - Megan P Norman
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Penn State University
| | - Yansheng Liu
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Penn State University
| | - Lana Medina
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Penn State University
| | - Janine N Blessing
- Department of Media, Knowledge, and Communication, University of Augsburg
| | - Haniyeh Parhizkar
- Donald P. Bellisario College of Communications, Penn State University
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Faraz A, Hina M, Atif A, Sumbul D, Mahmood SE, Riaz F, Khan MS, Ahmad A, Ahmad MT, Parvez A, Zeyaullah M. Knowledge, acceptance, motivators and barriers of booster dose of COVID-19 vaccination among dental patients: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35747. [PMID: 37960831 PMCID: PMC10637537 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the lingering threat of COVID infection, questions are being raised if coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine needs annual or regular boosters to maintain high levels of immunity against both the original virus and variants. This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, acceptance, motivators and barriers of the booster dose of COVID-19 vaccine among the dental patients of District Lucknow, India. A total of 297 respondents were selected by a convenience sampling method in this cross-sectional study from various dental clinics. An anonymous, self-administered, closed-ended questionnaire was used. Overall 37.7% respondents reported to have taken all 3 doses and 57.9% had taken single/double doses. Correct information about booster doses shows a significant association with the number of doses taken. The majority had information about the availability of the Pfizer booster vaccine (69.0%). About 58% of participants had information about the technology used in booster doses. The hesitancy for booster doses and the development of natural immunity by infection show significant associations with the number of doses taken. Only 18.2% patients had hesitation about the booster dose and most of them 78.8% recommended others to take the booster vaccine as soon as possible. The majority assumed that previous COVID-19 vaccines can help them get immune (21.5%) followed by not much research has been done on the booster vaccines (15.5%) and their chronic diseases warn them against the booster dose administration (12.5%). Nearly 18.2% of respondents had hesitation about booster dose and less than one third of the respondents trusted a government source for information about booster dose of COVID vaccine. Nearly 36 % did not know that the booster dose of COVID vaccine is available at health centers. Dental health professionals and policymakers should implement and support strategies to ensure people are vaccinated for COVID-19 booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Faraz
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow UP, India
| | - Malik Hina
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown & Bridge, Career Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences and Hospital, Lucknow UP, India
| | - Ali Atif
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Saraswati Dental College, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Dr Sumbul
- Department of Anatomy, King George Medical University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Syed E Mahmood
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Riaz
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Suhail Khan
- Department of Public Health, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushait, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ausaf Ahmad
- Department of Community Medicine, Integral University, Lucknow, India
| | - Mohammad Tauheed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashib Parvez
- Department of Community Medicine F.H. Medical College, Etmadpur, Agra, UP, India
| | - Md Zeyaullah
- Department of Basic Medical Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Khamis Mushayt Campus, King Khalid University (KKU), Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Meghana GVR, Chavali DP. Examining the Dynamics of COVID-19 Misinformation: Social Media Trends, Vaccine Discourse, and Public Sentiment. Cureus 2023; 15:e48239. [PMID: 38054129 PMCID: PMC10693987 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.48239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19, known as coronavirus disease, has prompted a global reevaluation of societal norms. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a worldwide Public Health Emergency on January 30, 2020. Subsequently, governments and pharmaceutical firms developed vaccines, such as mRNA options from Pfizer and Moderna, alongside viral vector alternatives to combat the escalating COVID-19 case tally. Extensive inquiry was directed toward assessing vaccine efficiency. Nonetheless, vaccine discourse has surged across social media, prominently involving the anti-vaxxer community. This faction's hesitancy, rooted in reservations about efficacy, potential side effects, and conspiracy notions, contributes to an ongoing dialogue. OBJECTIVE This investigation delves into social media's role in proliferating COVID-19 misinformation, utilizing tools like Python, Excel, and external resources to craft data visuals that elucidate trends influencing misinformation dissemination and its hypothetical ties to elevated COVID-19 cases. Scrutiny of Twitter trends illuminates the prevalence of the hashtag #covidvaccine, although the platform curbs anti-vaccine hashtags. RESULT Analysis of sentiment across 207,006 tweets reveals a prevailing positive sentiment toward COVID-19 vaccines, coexisting with lingering skepticism. Google trends reflect increased anti-vaccine ideology queries, notably post-FDA vaccine approval in December 2020, indicating public doubt. CONCLUSION While limitations encompass data granularity, geographic origins of false tweets, bot account quantification on Twitter, and comprehensive digital resources, this study pioneers reference for forthcoming investigations. Its objective is to mitigate the diffusion of misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V R Meghana
- Public Health Dentistry, Panineeya Mahavidyalaya Institute of Dental Sciences and Research Center, Hyderabad, IND
| | - Durga P Chavali
- Information Technology Applications, Trinity Health, Livonia, USA
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Ramirez LG, Wickner PG, Cline NB, Rehman N, Wu AC, Pien LC, Stukus D. How Likes and Retweets Impacted Our Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3356-3364. [PMID: 37536500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
The growing dependence on social media for health-related information boomed during the COVID-19 pandemic, posing unprecedented challenges in navigating the vast amounts of information available right at our fingertips. Social media had a major impact on clinical decision-making affecting individuals, communities, and societies at large. In this review, we discuss the role of social media in amplifying information and misinformation as well as factors contributing to its reliance and prevalence. We review how medical providers have been impacted by this changing landscape, useful communication strategies to employ with in-office patient encounters, and how we can be active players in using social media as a tool for health promotion, correcting misinformation, and preparing for future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes G Ramirez
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass.
| | - Paige G Wickner
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Nicholas B Cline
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Narmeen Rehman
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Ann Chen Wu
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass
| | - Lily C Pien
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio; Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio; Office of Educator and Scholar Development, Education Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - David Stukus
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Mosnaim G, Carrasquel M, Wolfson AR, Peters J, Lang D, Rathkopf M. Social Determinants of Health and COVID-19. THE JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY. IN PRACTICE 2023; 11:3347-3355. [PMID: 37507069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has disproportionately affected disadvantaged populations. Many of the factors related to the disproportionate impact on underserved communities are related to social determinants of health, defined by the World Health Organization as the nonmedical factors that influence health outcomes. They include the wider set of forces and systems shaping the conditions of daily life. This work explores the interrelationships between social determinants of health and access to care, health care professional and supply shortages, social and environmental factors, health behaviors, vaccine uptake, and treatment options on COVID-19 health outcomes. Increased awareness of inequities, learning from failures, and leveraging new opportunities to partner with key stakeholders in underserved communities create empowerment and preparedness to face new challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle Mosnaim
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois.
| | - Michelle Carrasquel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, Illinois
| | - Anna R Wolfson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jonny Peters
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology at Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David Lang
- Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic., Milwaukee, Wis
| | - Melinda Rathkopf
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Ga
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Yeskendir A, Gusmanov A, Zhussupov B. Parental attitudes, beliefs and behaviors toward childhood and COVID-19 vaccines: A countrywide survey conducted in Kazakhstan examining vaccine refusal and hesitancy. Vaccine 2023; 41:6548-6557. [PMID: 37648608 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination rates worldwide have declined in recent years. This decrease is primarily driven by vaccine hesitancy, which remains understudied in Central Asia, including Kazakhstan. Furthermore, there is great concern about parental hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines, as previous studies have focused on adult vaccine hesitancy. The current study was conducted by UNICEF and funded by USAID to explore the drivers of routine and COVID-19 immunization behaviors among parents and caregivers in Kazakhstan. METHODS Using a cross-sectional methodology, researchers conducted 3081 face-to-face interviews with parents and caregivers of children aged 0-17 years across cities and villages in Kazakhstan. A tablet-based questionnaire (CAPI) was utilized, collecting participants' data on sociodemographic characteristics, childhood and COVID-19 vaccination behaviors, and potential drivers. RESULTS Total of 239 participants (7.8%) were found to previously refuse vaccination due to their own beliefs. Stronger belief that vaccines are efficacious (AdjOR = 0.47), stronger belief that childhood vaccines are safe and danger of vaccine-preventable diseases is high (AdjOR = 0.73), firmer trust in societal factors (AdjOR = 0.77) and positive attitudes of family members toward immunization (AdjOR = 0.6) were significantly associated with parental refusal of childhood vaccines. The large proportion of respondents (N = 2,634, 85.6%) missed the COVID-19 vaccination of their child or were unwilling to get vaccinated. Stronger belief that COVID-19 vaccines are safe and efficacious (AdjsOR = 0.18), lacking important information about COVID-19 vaccines (AdjOR = 1.25) and parents being unvaccinated against COVID-19 (AdjOR = 2.3) were significant predictors of vaccine hesitancy. CONCLUSION This study revealed numerous socio-demographic and behavioral factors significantly associated with parental refusal of childhood vaccines and hesitancy toward COVID-19 vaccines. Many parents not refusing vaccination possessed negative attitudes towards vaccines. Potential changes in their attitudes and beliefs of parents were observed compared to findings from pre-COVID era. Continuous monitoring of parental hesitancy, proper interventions and education of healthcare workers are suggested to reduce parental vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alua Yeskendir
- UNICEF Kazakhstan National Consultant on COVID-19 Vaccine C4D/Demand Generation Activities, Kazakhstan.
| | - Arnur Gusmanov
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Astana, Kazakhstan.
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Coulter A, McElrone M, Ford D, Hamilton K. Exploring predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among students, faculty, and staff at a Southeastern University in the United States. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-9. [PMID: 37856399 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2023.2258408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Explore predictors of early COVID-19 vaccine adoption on a university campus. PARTICIPANTS Students, faculty, staff, and administration (N = 1,234) completed an online survey exploring COVID-19 vaccine-related experiences, perspectives, and knowledge, from September to October 2021. METHODS Based on vaccination status participants were identified as vaccine hesitant or early vaccine adopters. Binary logistic regression was used to examine association between independent variables and vaccine adoption status. RESULTS Democrats (OR = 4.3, p = <.001), participants without a positive COVID-19 test (OR = 2.5, p = <.001), noted seeing/hearing COVID-19 misinformation (OR = 1.8, p = 0.27), and reported trust in public health agencies (OR = 26.2, p = <.001) were more likely to be early COVID-19 vaccine adopters, compared to Republicans, those with a positive COVID-19 test, those who had not seen/heard COVID-19 misinformation, and those reporting distrust in public health agencies, respectively. CONCLUSION Findings indicate that COVID-19 vaccine adoption is multifactorial. Future research should focus on vaccination status-related trust and health communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Coulter
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Marissa McElrone
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Dawn Ford
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
| | - Kara Hamilton
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee, USA
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Nicolo M, Kawaguchi E, Ghanem-Uzqueda A, Soto D, Deva S, Shanker K, Lee R, Gilliland F, Klausner JD, Baezconde-Garbanati L, Kovacs A, Van Orman S, Hu H, Unger JB. Characteristics associated with attitudes and behaviors towards mask wearing during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Trojan Pandemic Response Initiative. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1968. [PMID: 37821836 PMCID: PMC10566076 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Attitudes and behaviors towards mask wearing may influence the ability to reduce transmission of COVID-19 and other diseases. METHODS University students, staff, and faculty (N = 9653) responded to an email invitation to complete electronic surveys (November 2021 and April 2022). Surveys included 19 items measuring attitudes and behaviors towards mask wearing from the Understanding America Study. Linear mixed models including variables for sex, age group, division, race and ethnicity, political affiliation, and history of COVID-19, were used to estimate the mean difference of the mean score for attitudes and behavior between Time 1 (November 2021) and Time 2 (April 2022). RESULTS Participants were mostly female (62.1%), students (70.6%), White (39.5%) and Asian (34.7%). More than half identified their political affiliation as Democrat (65.5%). Characteristic variable-by-time interactions for difference in mean mask attitude scores difference were significant at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) between Black and White participants (B = 0.18 (0.05), 95% CI: 0.07, 0.28, p = 0.001), Asian and White participants (B = 0.07 (0.02), 95% CI: 0.03-0.12, p = 0.001), participants with self-reported history of COVID-19 and no history of COVID-19 (B= -0.13 (0.02), 95% CI: -0.07, -0.18, p < 0.0001), females and males (B = 0.07 (0.02), 95% CI: 0.03, 0.11, p = 0.001), Republicans and Democrats (B= -0.18 (0.04), 95%CI: -0.26, -0.10, p < 0.0001) and Independents and Democrats (B= -0.10 (0.03), 95%CI: -0.15, -0.05, p < 0.0001). Mean difference in mean scores for mask behaviors at Time and Time 2 were significant between participants with COVID-19 and participants who did not have COVID-19 (B= -0.12 (0.04), 95% CI: -0.19, -0.04, p = 0.004), students compared to faculty and staff (B=-0.22 (0.05), -0.32, -0.12, p < 0.0001), between Republicans and Democrats (B-= -0.16 (0.07), 95% CI: -0.28, -0.03, p = 0.020, and between Independents and Democrats (B=-0.08 (0.04), 95% CI: -0.16, -0.002, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION Race and ethnicity, political affiliation, and division may affect attitudes and behaviors in mask wearing. Further investigation into how characteristics influence public health measures such as mask wearing is needed to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus, other infectious diseases, and future pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Nicolo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Eric Kawaguchi
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Angie Ghanem-Uzqueda
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Family Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Soto
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sohini Deva
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kush Shanker
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan Lee
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Klausner
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Andrea Kovacs
- Keck School Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sarah Van Orman
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Family Medicine, Keck Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard Hu
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Unger
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Hswen Y, Yang F, Le-Compte C, Hurley ME, Mattie H, Nguyen TT. Structural racism through Sundown towns and its relationship to COVID-19 local risk and racial and ethnic diversity. Prev Med Rep 2023; 35:102260. [PMID: 37363357 PMCID: PMC10207838 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
"Sundown towns" across the US prevented racial and ethnic minorities from living and working within their borders as they forced minorities to leave these towns after sunset. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between sundown town status, COVID-19 local risk index and racial and ethnic diversity. A multi-level hierarchical model was used to examine the effect of historical segregation through sundown towns status on present day COVID-19 local risk index and city-level diversity. Over 2,400 Sundown towns were cataloged across the United States, with the greatest density in the Midwest. Sundown towns, which historically excluded racial and ethnic minorities, had significantly less city-level diversity and lower COVID-19 local risk index compared to non-Sundown towns. Findings show that Sundown towns perpetuate residual segregation which continues to impact current inequities in COVID-19 risk among racial and ethnic minorities at the neighborhood level. We recommend that public health officials for pandemic preparedness should devote greater resources to these historically segregated racial and ethnic minority areas because of the historic structural racism that has placed these places at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Hswen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Franklin Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Circe Le-Compte
- Department of Psychiatry and New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Heather Mattie
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thu. T. Nguyen
- University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, MD, USA
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35
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Fukai T, Kawata K, Nakabayashi M. Updated beliefs and shaken confidence: evidence from vaccine hesitancy caused by experiencing "COVID arm". BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:612. [PMID: 37723413 PMCID: PMC10507958 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08558-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public health depends largely on people's knowledge, beliefs, or behaviors regarding their health and medical treatments. Although works based on the health belief model have shown that public beliefs about medical treatments affect willingness to take the treatments, little is known about the effects of changes in beliefs on attitudes toward treatment. How one's past experiences relate to one's beliefs about a given medical treatment is worth considering. METHODS We implemented an online panel survey in February 2021 and March 2022 in Japan before and after COVID-19 vaccines were administered to the public within the country. We exploited delayed localized hypersensitivity reactions to COVID-19 vaccines, namely, "COVID arm", as an exogenous shock to investigate the relationship between past negative experiences and current beliefs about medical treatments or science. "COVID arm" was an unexpected side effect and thus likely caused updated beliefs about the vaccine. Out of the nonprobability sample of 15,000 respondents in the first wave in February 2021, 9,668 respondents also responded to the second wave conducted in March 2022. Outcome variables were whether experiencing "COVID arm" affected the respondents' 1) confidence in vaccine safety, 2) willingness to take the next dose of COVID-19 vaccines, 3) acknowledgment of the importance of vaccination, and 4) confidence in science. We measured the impact of experience with "COVID arm" on changes in the probability that survey respondents would respond affirmatively to questions posed about the issues listed above. RESULTS Experiencing "COVID arm" significantly lowered confidence in the safety of vaccination by 4.3 percentage points, which was approximately 6% of the sample mean for the first wave, and lowered the probability of taking a second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine by 1.5 percentage points. These adverse impacts were observed after conditioning background characteristics and prior confidence in vaccination. Experiencing "COVID arm" affected neither the acknowledged importance of vaccination nor confidence in science in a statistically significant way. CONCLUSIONS An unexpected and uncomfortable shock regarding beliefs about a treatment decreases willingness to take the treatment. An appropriate public health policy should account for this effect. TRIAL REGISTRATION The survey was preregistered with the American Economic Association's RCT Registry (Fukai et al., 2022).
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiyo Fukai
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawata
- Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Nakabayashi
- Institute of Social Science, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Chatterjee K, Markham Shaw C, Brannon GE, Jang CY, Christie TB, Rodriguez J, Sinta V. COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancies: A Spanish-Language Focus Group Analysis in Texas. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023:1-12. [PMID: 37712138 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2023.2258310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 related health disparities are prevalent among higher risk populations like the Hispanic community. Vaccination is one readily available public health tool, yet vaccine uptake is lower among minority populations and hesitations and concerns are high. In the present study, interpersonal and media sources of information about COVID-19 were discussed in a series of six focus groups with Spanish-language dominant and bilingual English-Spanish respondents in a large metropolitan area in Texas. Participants reported using legacy media as a main source of information about COVID-19 vaccines and encountered conspiracy theories and misinformation on social media. Using the Health Belief Model as the theoretical lens, we found individuals' and family members' perceived susceptibility to COVID-19 played a part in participants wanting to find and get the vaccine. Provider recommendations may have served as cues to action. Ease of receiving the vaccines at church and pharmacies may have served to boost participants self-efficacy. Perceived barriers include vaccine specific reasons such as the fast pace of initial authorization, side effects, and long-term effects along with conspiracy theories. Prevailing information gaps regarding the COVID-19 vaccines and the resulting uncertainty are discussed. Understanding information sources and the trust Hispanic communities place in these sources is important in designing effective health messages.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chyng-Yang Jang
- Department of Communication, University of Texas at Arlington
| | | | | | - Vinicio Sinta
- Department of Communication, University of Texas at Arlington
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Verma M, Moudgil N, Goel G, Pardeshi P, Joseph J, Kumar N, Singh K, Singh H, Kodali PB. People's perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination: an analysis of twitter discourse from four countries. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14281. [PMID: 37653001 PMCID: PMC10471683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
More than six and half million people have died as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic till Dec 2022. Vaccination is the most effective means to prevent mortality and infection attributed to COVID-19. Identifying public attitudes and perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination is essential to strengthening the vaccination programmes. This study aims to identify attitudes and perceptions of twitter users towards COVID-19 vaccinations in four different countries. A sentiment analysis of 663,377 tweets from October 2020 to September 2022 from four different countries (i.e., India, South Africa, UK, and Australia) was conducted. Text mining using roBERTA (Robustly Optimized Bert Pretraining approach) python library was used to identify the polarity of people's attitude as "negative", "positive" or "neutral" based on tweets. A sample of 2000 tweets (500 from each country) were thematically analysed to explore the people's perception concerning COVID-19 vaccines across the countries. The attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccines varied by countries. Negative attitudes were observed to be highest in India (58.48%), followed by United Kingdom (33.22%), Australia (31.42%) and South Africa (28.88%). Positive attitudes towards vaccines were highest in the United Kingdom (21.09%). The qualitative analysis yielded eight themes namely (i) vaccine shortages, (ii) vaccine side-effects, (iii) distrust on COVID-19 vaccines, (iv) voices for vaccine equity, (v) awareness about vaccines, (vi) myth busters, (vii) vaccines work and (viii) vaccines are safe. The twitter discourse reflected the evolving situation of COVID-19 pandemic and vaccination strategies, lacunae and positives in the respective countries studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manah Verma
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Nikhil Moudgil
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Gaurav Goel
- School of Energy and Environment, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
| | - Peehu Pardeshi
- Jamsetji Tata School of Disaster Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
- Tata Center for Technology and Design, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Jacquleen Joseph
- Jamsetji Tata School of Disaster Studies, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Neeraj Kumar
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, 147004, India
- School of Computer Science, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
- Faculty of computing and IT, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Graphics Era University, Dehradun, India
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Kulbir Singh
- Department of Civil Engineering, MM Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana-Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Hari Singh
- Chemistry Department, RIMT UNIVERSITY, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, 147301, India
| | - Prakash Babu Kodali
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Central University of Kerala, Kasaragod, Kerala, 671320, India.
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Cotfas LA, Crăciun L, Delcea C, Florescu MS, Kovacs ER, Molănescu AG, Orzan M. Unveiling Vaccine Hesitancy on Twitter: Analyzing Trends and Reasons during the Emergence of COVID-19 Delta and Omicron Variants. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1381. [PMID: 37631949 PMCID: PMC10458131 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11081381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the high amount of information available on social media, the paper explores the degree of vaccine hesitancy expressed in English tweets posted worldwide during two different one-month periods of time following the announcement regarding the discovery of new and highly contagious variants of COVID-19-Delta and Omicron. A total of 5,305,802 COVID-19 vaccine-related tweets have been extracted and analyzed using a transformer-based language model in order to detect tweets expressing vaccine hesitancy. The reasons behind vaccine hesitancy have been analyzed using a Latent Dirichlet Allocation approach. A comparison in terms of number of tweets and discussion topics is provided between the considered periods with the purpose of observing the differences both in quantity of tweets and the discussed discussion topics. Based on the extracted data, an increase in the proportion of hesitant tweets has been observed, from 4.31% during the period in which the Delta variant occurred to 11.22% in the Omicron case, accompanied by a diminishing in the number of reasons for not taking the vaccine, which calls into question the efficiency of the vaccination information campaigns. Considering the proposed approach, proper real-time monitoring can be conducted to better observe the evolution of the hesitant tweets and the COVID-19 vaccine hesitation reasons, allowing the decision-makers to conduct more appropriate information campaigns that better address the COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liviu-Adrian Cotfas
- Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Liliana Crăciun
- Department of Economics and Economic Policies, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Camelia Delcea
- Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Margareta Stela Florescu
- Department of Administration and Public Management, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Erik-Robert Kovacs
- Department of Economic Informatics and Cybernetics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Gabriela Molănescu
- Department of Economics and Economic Policies, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihai Orzan
- Department of Marketing, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, 010374 Bucharest, Romania
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Molaeipour L, Hajebi A, Janani L, Salehi M, Taghdisi MH, Nazari-Kangavari H, Esmailzadehha N, Varse F, Pourattar N, Motevalian SA. Monitoring the COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance Trend and its Determinants Among Iranian Adults. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:427-433. [PMID: 38301104 PMCID: PMC10685739 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccination seems to be the most critical means of halting the COVID-19 pandemic. It is crucial to understand the factors that influence COVID-19 vaccine acceptance to avoid low vaccination rates. This study intended to monitor the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and its association with socio-demographic factors and prior diagnosis of COVID-19 in Iranian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS The study utilized data from the COVID-19 Population Survey of Iran (COPSIR), a repeated national survey designed to monitor COVID-19-related behavioral insights. From April 2020 to November 2021, thirteen iterations of a series of cross-sectional studies involving computer-assisted telephone interviews were conducted. RESULTS The COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate remained above 80% until the ninth wave in February 2021, when it dropped to 62.9%. However, throughout the next four surveys, it rose gradually from 72.0% to 85.7%. The multilevel regression model revealed that the COVID-19 vaccine acceptance was significantly and positively linked with age and education. CONCLUSION Despite the relatively high COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rate among Iranian adults, after the emergence of vaccines on the global market and controversies about their safety in Iran, the initially high vaccine acceptance rate dropped significantly, and then increased over time and returned to its peak level (85%). According to the Commodity Theory, this rise in vaccine acceptance can be attributed to the COVID-19 vaccine shortage in the country between January and July 2022. For Iranian adults to accept vaccines more readily, health promotion programs should target the youth and the less literate adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Molaeipour
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Hajebi
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Janani
- Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Masoud Salehi
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Taghdisi
- Public Health Department, Faculty of Health and Medical Engineering, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hajar Nazari-Kangavari
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Esmailzadehha
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Varse
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Pourattar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Abbas Motevalian
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Addiction and Risky Behaviors (ReCARB), Psychosocial Health Research Institute (PHRI), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lomeli A, Escoto AA, Reyes B, Burola MLM, Tinoco-Calvillo S, Villegas I, Cohen AS, Laurent LC, Salgin L, Stadnick NA, Rabin B, Seifert M. Factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a US/Mexico border community: demographics, previous influenza vaccination, and trusted sources of health information. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1163617. [PMID: 37575117 PMCID: PMC10415906 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1163617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 vaccine uptake has been uneven, particularly across racial/ethnic and age groups. This study seeks to understand factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake in a large cross-sectional sample of predominantly Latinos/Latinas individuals living near the US/Mexico border. Methods Data are extracted from a 176-item survey conducted as part of a parent study focused on the co-creation of a COVID-19 testing program for underserved communities developed through a partnership between an academic institution and a Federally Qualified Health Center. The following participant variables were examined: health history, COVID-19 symptoms, COVID-19 testing and vaccine experiences, and perceptions of sources of health information. Participant characteristics were compared using chi-square tests. Multivariate logistic regressions were used for the final statistical model. Results From 1 May 2021 to 30 April 2022, 4,964 adults, 66% of whom were identified as women, completed the survey. Approximately 80% of participants reported having received at least one COVID-19 vaccine. Female sex, older age, Hispanic/Latino(a) ethnicity, previous influenza vaccination, advanced education, and perceived elevated risk of COVID-19 were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with having received a COVID-19 vaccine. Regarding sources of health information, individuals who indicated they trust their doctor, healthcare provider, or the US government "a great deal" were more likely to have received a COVID-19 vaccine compared to individuals who indicated that they trusted these sources "not at all." In contrast, those who reported having "a great deal" of trust in their faith leader or their social media contacts were significantly less likely to have received a COVID-19 vaccine than those who reported that they trusted these sources "not at all." Conclusion Sex, education, past influenza vaccination, perceived risk of COVID-19 infection, and trust in specific sources of information were correlated with the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination. Additional research is needed to better understand why this confluence of factors, particularly the unique findings about trusted sources of information, are associated with vaccine uptake. Understanding these associations, specifically within underserved, Latino/Hispanic communities, is an important first step to inform efforts aimed at increasing and sustaining COVID-19 vaccine uptake and adoption of other public health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Lomeli
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Arleth A. Escoto
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Breanna Reyes
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Maria Linda M. Burola
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Stephenie Tinoco-Calvillo
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Isabel Villegas
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Ariel S. Cohen
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Louise C. Laurent
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Linda Salgin
- Department of Research and Health Promotion, San Ysidro Health Center, San Ysidro, CA, United States
- Joint Doctoral Program in Public Health, San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Nicole A. Stadnick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Child and Adolescent Services Research Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Borsika Rabin
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Marva Seifert
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Bekal S, Husari G, Okura M, Huang CA, Bukari MS. Thrombosis Development After mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Administration: A Case Series. Cureus 2023; 15:e41371. [PMID: 37546104 PMCID: PMC10400017 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains one of the largest global health crises of the last century. Fortunately, COVID-19 vaccines have proven to be one of the most promising options in halting the progression of the pandemic. As more and more people receive COVID-19 vaccines, the medical community has learned a great deal about their efficacy and the occurrence of very rare adverse effects. While the number of thromboembolic events post-adenoviral vaccines has been well-documented in the medical literature, there has been limited information regarding thrombosis development after receiving a messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccine. This case series highlights four different patients who received an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine and subsequently developed venous thromboembolism. Therefore, we hope that after reviewing this article, physicians will be more aware of thrombosis-related developments following mRNA vaccine administration for COVID-19. Fortunately, with early diagnosis and prompt treatment, patients can still expect full recovery from any vaccine thrombosis-associated complications, and the benefits of receiving an mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccine still outweigh the risks of post-vaccination complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundeep Bekal
- Internal Medicine, Community Hospitalist Physician Group, Fresno, USA
| | - George Husari
- Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Fresno, Fresno, USA
| | - Marcel Okura
- Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco Fresno, Fresno, USA
| | - Charity A Huang
- Hematology and Oncology, Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, USA
| | - Mohammed S Bukari
- Hematology and Oncology, University of California, San Francisco Fresno, Fresno, USA
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Ceban F, Kulzhabayeva D, Rodrigues NB, Di Vincenzo JD, Gill H, Subramaniapillai M, Lui LMW, Cao B, Mansur RB, Ho RC, Burke MJ, Rhee TG, Rosenblat JD, McIntyre RS. COVID-19 vaccination for the prevention and treatment of long COVID: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 111:211-229. [PMID: 36990297 PMCID: PMC10067136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Empirical evidence addressing the association between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and long COVID would guide public health priorities and inform personal health decisions. Herein, the co-primary objectives are to determine the differential risk of long COVID in vaccinated versus unvaccinated patients, and the trajectory of long COVID following vaccination. Of 2775 articles identified via systematic search, 17 were included, and 6 were meta-analyzed. Meta-analytic results determined that at least one vaccine dose was associated with a protective effect against long COVID (OR 0.539, 95% CI 0.295-0.987, p = 0.045, N = 257 817). Qualitative analysis revealed that trajectories of pre-existing long COVID following vaccination were mixed, with most patients reporting no changes. The evidence herein supports SARS-CoV-2 vaccination for the prevention of long COVID, and recommends long COVID patients adhere to standard SARS-CoV-2 vaccination schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Ceban
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dana Kulzhabayeva
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nelson B Rodrigues
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua D Di Vincenzo
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hartej Gill
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mehala Subramaniapillai
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leanna M W Lui
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger C Ho
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore; Institute for Health Innovation and Technology (iHealthtech), National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077, Singapore
| | - Matthew J Burke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Taeho Greg Rhee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Joshua D Rosenblat
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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43
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Thomas K, Szilagyi PG, Vangala S, Dudovitz RN, Shah MD, Vizueta N, Kapteyn A. Behind closed doors: Protective social behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287589. [PMID: 37379315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The success of personal non-pharmaceutical interventions as a public health strategy requires a high level of compliance from individuals in private social settings. Strategies to increase compliance in these hard-to-reach settings depend upon a comprehensive understanding of the patterns and predictors of protective social behavior. Social cognitive models of protective behavior emphasize the contribution of individual-level factors while social-ecological models emphasize the contribution of environmental factors. This study draws on 28 waves of survey data from the Understanding Coronavirus in America survey to measure patterns of adherence to two protective social behaviors-private social-distancing behavior and private masking behavior-during the COVID-19 pandemic and to assess the role individual and environmental factors play in predicting adherence. Results show that patterns of adherence fall into three categories marked by high, moderate, and low levels of adherence, with just under half of respondents exhibiting a high level of adherence. Health beliefs emerge as the single strongest predictor of adherence. All other environmental and individual-level predictors have relatively poor predictive power or primarily indirect effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyla Thomas
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Peter G Szilagyi
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sitaram Vangala
- Department of Medicine Statistics Core, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca N Dudovitz
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Megha D Shah
- Los Angeles County Department of Public Health, Office of Health Assessment and Epidemiology, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Nathalie Vizueta
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Arie Kapteyn
- Center for Economic and Social Research, Dornsife College of Letters Arts and Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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44
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Sookaromdee P, Wiwanitkti V. Vaccine Hesitancy: A Contemporary Issue for New COVID-19 Vaccination. Int J Prev Med 2023; 14:72. [PMID: 37855018 PMCID: PMC10580183 DOI: 10.4103/ijpvm.ijpvm_56_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Viroj Wiwanitkti
- Department of Community Medicine, Dr. DY Patil University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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45
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Leung J, Price D, McClure-Thomas C, Bonsaksen T, Ruffolo M, Kabelenga I, Lamph G, Geirdal AØ. Motivation and Hesitancies in Obtaining the COVID-19 Vaccine-A Cross-Sectional Study in Norway, USA, UK, and Australia. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1086. [PMID: 37376475 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11061086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccinations protect the public against serious diseases or death; however, some individuals are hesitant in obtaining them. We aim to contribute to the understanding of the challenges of vaccination roll-out by examining the motivations, hesitancies, and their associated factors, in obtaining the COVID-19 vaccines two years into the pandemic. METHODS Cross-sectional online surveys were conducted in Norway, the USA, the UK, and Australia (N = 1649). The participants self-reported whether they had obtained one of the COVID-19 vaccines. Those who had obtained a vaccine reported the reason for their motivation, and those who had not obtained a vaccine reported the reason for their hesitancies. RESULTS More than 80% of the total sample obtained a COVID-19 vaccine because of public health recommendations and trusted that it was safe. Among those who had not obtained one, the most frequent reason was concerns about side effects. Most who obtained the vaccine reported that they believed in science, but many of those who had not obtained one reported distrust. Among those who had not obtained a vaccine, reports of distrust in policies and science were frequent. Concerns about side effects were more common in males and those with lower education, and those living in rural or remote areas. CONCLUSION People who endorsed the vaccine believed that the vaccine reduces the risk of illness, protects the health of others, and had trust in scientific vaccination research. Conversely, the most frequent reason for vaccine hesitancy was concerns about side effects, followed by distrust in healthcare and science. These findings could inform public health strategies that aim to increase vaccination rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janni Leung
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Daicia Price
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Caitlin McClure-Thomas
- Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, 2418 Elverum, Norway
- Department of Health, Faculty of Health Studies, VID Specialized University, 4024 Stavanger, Norway
| | - Mary Ruffolo
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Isaac Kabelenga
- Department of Social Work and Sociology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka P.O. Box 50110, Zambia
| | - Gary Lamph
- School of Mental Health and Learning Disability Nursing, Edgehill University, Lancashire L39 4QP, UK
| | - Amy Østertun Geirdal
- Department of Social Work, Child Welfare and Social Policy, Faculty of Social Sciences, Oslo Metropolitan University, 0167 Oslo, Norway
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46
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Freiman O. Vaccine Hesitancy and the Concept of Trust: An Analysis Based on the Israeli COVID-19 Vaccination Campaign. MINERVA 2023; 61:1-25. [PMID: 37359300 PMCID: PMC10256572 DOI: 10.1007/s11024-023-09498-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the trust relations involved in Israel's COVID-19 vaccination campaign, focusing on vaccine hesitancy and the concept of 'trust'. The first section offers a conceptual analysis of 'trust'. Instead of analyzing trust in the vaccination campaign as a whole, a few objects of trust are identified and examined. In section two, the Israeli vaccination campaign is presented, and the focus is placed on vaccine hesitancy. In section three, different trust relations are examined: public trust in the Israeli government and health institutions, interpersonal trust in healthcare professionals and experts, trust in the pharmaceutical companies that make the COVID-19 vaccine, the US FDA, and trust in the new vaccine and the new technology. Through this complexity of trust relations, I argue that it is impossible to completely separate the trust that the vaccine is safe and effective from social aspects of mistrust. Additionally, practices of silencing and censoring the concerns of vaccine hesitaters - both experts and among the public, are pointed out. I contend that these cases further minimize vaccine hesitaters' trust in vaccine-related entities. In contrast, in section four, I suggest the 'trust-based approach': since vaccine hesitancy is not solely the result of knowledge deficiency but also a lack of trust relations, any campaign that addresses vaccine hesitancy should also focus on trust. The advantages of this approach are spelled out. For governments, a discussion based on trust is, ultimately, the best democratic way to encourage hesitaters to take the plunge and get vaccinated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ori Freiman
- Digital Society Lab, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
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47
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Frisch-Aviram N, Hasan-Aslih S, Halperin E. Communicating with ethnic minorities during COVID-19: An experimental test of the effect of self-, ingroup-, and intergroup-focused messages. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16629. [PMID: 37287611 PMCID: PMC10226279 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing messaging to encourage minorities to adhere to health recommendations has been a complex task for governments worldwide during the COVID-19 crisis. Here, we propose and tests a new typology of messages among minorities that can be used to mobilize compliance and engagement. This typology comprises three messaging treatments emphasizing personal, ingroup, and intergroup benefits. We examine, via an experimental field study, whether there is a difference in the effect of these messages on two policy outcomes, social distancing and vaccine hesitancy, among the Arab minority living in Israel. The findings suggest that social messages, i.e., ingroup and intergroup messages, positively affect social distancing, while self-messaging harms social distancing compliance. Regarding vaccine intake, within the social messages tested, intergroup-focused messages were more effective than ingroup-focused messages for vaccination intentions only among citizens with low trust in the government. We discuss the findings in detail and propose new avenues in theory and practice to foster health policy compliance among minorities.
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48
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Paredes MR, Apaolaza V, Marcos A, Hartmann P. Predicting COVID-19 Vaccination Intention: The Roles of Institutional Trust, Perceived Vaccine Safety, and Interdependent Self-Construal. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2023; 38:1189-1200. [PMID: 34732090 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2021.1996685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the process through which institutional trust influences individuals' vaccination intentions for a coronavirus vaccine. We collected data from a national representative sample of the Spanish population (N = 500) from an online research panel to test the proposed conceptual model. Results revealed a positive association of institutional trust with coronavirus vaccination intentions. This effect was mediated by perceived vaccine safety and positive attitude toward the vaccine. Furthermore, findings corroborate the moderating effect of interdependent self-construal on the indirect relationship between institutional trust and vaccination intention, implying that this effect was stronger for individuals with higher levels of interdependent orientation. Findings have implications for the development of evidence-based health communication strategies for encouraging COVID-19 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Apaolaza
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
| | - Aitor Marcos
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
| | - Patrick Hartmann
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
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49
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Rivera-Rivera JN, Díaz-Miranda OL, Medina-Laabes DT, Suárez E, Ortiz AP, Colón-López V. Attitudes towards HPV and COVID school-entry policies among adults living in Puerto Rico. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023:2202126. [PMID: 37095591 PMCID: PMC10294738 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2202126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior to the COVID pandemic, Puerto Rico (PR) had one of the highest Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine rates in the United States. The COVID pandemic and administration of COVID vaccines might have impacted attitudes toward HPV vaccination. This study compared attitudes toward HPV and COVID vaccines with respect to school-entry policies among adults living in PR. A convenience sample of 222 adults (≥21 years old) completed an online survey from November 2021 to January 2022. Participants answered questions about HPV and COVID vaccines, attitudes toward vaccination policies for school-entry, and perceptions of sources of information. We assessed the magnitude of association between the agreement of school-entry policies for COVID and HPV vaccination by estimating the prevalence ratio (PRadjusted) with 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI). The most trusted source of information for HPV and COVID vaccines were healthcare providers (42% and 17%, respectively) and the CDC (35% and 55%, respectively), while the least trusted were social media (40% and 39%, respectively), and friends and family (23% n = 47, and 17% n = 33, respectively). Most participants agreed that HPV (76% n = 156) and COVID vaccines (69% n = 136) should be a school-entry requirement. Agreement with school policy requiring COVID vaccination was significantly associated with agreement of school policy requiring HPV vaccination (PRadjusted:1.96; 95% CI:1.48-2.61) after controlling for potential confounders. Adults living in PR have an overall positive attitude about mandatory HPV and COVID vaccination school-entry policies, which are interrelated. Further research should elucidate the implications of the COVID pandemic on HPV vaccine attitudes and adherence rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Rivera-Rivera
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Olga L Díaz-Miranda
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Diana T Medina-Laabes
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Erick Suárez
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Ana P Ortiz
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, USA
| | - Vivian Colón-López
- Department of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, University of Puerto Rico Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Juan, PR, USA
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50
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Rivera JD. Trust in government actors and COVID-19 vaccination uptake among Hispanics and Latinos in the U.S. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2023; 89:103627. [PMID: 36909818 PMCID: PMC9987608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2023.103627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Although the federal government has made official recommendations to the public advocating vaccinations against COVID-19 various communities have decided against doing so. In this regard, various studies have indicated that trust in government to provide accurate information about vaccines during a pandemic are related to whether people get vaccinated. Various studies have investigated factors contributing to vaccine decision-making, but none specifically focus on Hispanic and Latinos in the United States. This study identifies factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination among Hispanics and Latinos using a nation-wide, phone-based survey. Using data generated by the Kaiser Family Foundation's COVID-19 Vaccine Monitor, collected in June 2021, a logistic regression on the decision to get vaccinated, trust in various governmental actors, in addition to demographic variables such as age, race, employment status, parental status, employment status, and income are observed to be significant in Hispanics' and Latinos' decision to be vaccinated against COVID-19. As a byproduct of these findings, recommendations for future research are provided that relate to expanding our understanding of these factors among different ethnicities of Latinos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason D Rivera
- John Jay College of Criminal Justice, Department of Public Management, USA
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