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Vornanen M, Badr A, Haverinen J. Cardiac arrhythmias in fish induced by natural and anthropogenic changes in environmental conditions. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247446. [PMID: 39119881 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
A regular heartbeat is essential for maintaining the homeostasis of the vertebrate body. However, environmental pollutants, oxygen deficiency and extreme temperatures can impair heart function in fish. In this Review, we provide an integrative view of the molecular origins of cardiac arrhythmias and their functional consequences, from the level of ion channels to cardiac electrical activity in living fish. First, we describe the current knowledge of the cardiac excitation-contraction coupling of fish, as the electrical activity of the heart and intracellular Ca2+ regulation act as a platform for cardiac arrhythmias. Then, we compile findings on cardiac arrhythmias in fish. Although fish can experience several types of cardiac arrhythmia under stressful conditions, the most typical arrhythmia in fish - both under heat stress and in the presence of toxic substances - is atrioventricular block, which is the inability of the action potential to progress from the atrium to the ventricle. Early and delayed afterdepolarizations are less common in fish hearts than in the hearts of endotherms, perhaps owing to the excitation-contraction coupling properties of the fish heart. In fish hearts, Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum plays a smaller role than Ca2+ influx through the sarcolemma. Environmental changes and ion channel toxins can induce arrhythmias in fish and weaken their tolerance to environmental stresses. Although different from endotherm hearts in many respects, fish hearts can serve as a translational model for studying human cardiac arrhythmias, especially for human neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti Vornanen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Ahmed Badr
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Jaakko Haverinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Wang J, Liu Y, Yan Y, Wang A, Jiang Y, Wen Z, Qiao K, Li H, Hu T, Ma Y, Zhou S, Gui W, Li S. miR-29b-triggered epigenetic regulation of cardiotoxicity following exposure to deltamethrin in zebrafish. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 476:135213. [PMID: 39018602 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024]
Abstract
Deltamethrin is a classical pyrethroid insecticide that is frequently detected in aquatic environments and organisms. Furthermore, deltamethrin has been detected in samples related to human health and is a potential risk to public health. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of cardiotoxicity induced by deltamethrin. Zebrafish were exposed to 0.005, 0.05, or 0.5 μg/L deltamethrin for 28 days. The results showed a significant reduction in male reproduction compared to female reproduction. Additionally, the heart rate decreased by 15.75 % in F1 after parental exposure to 0.5 μg/L deltamethrin. To evaluate cardiotoxicity, deltamethrin was administered to the zebrafish embryos. By using miRNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis, it was discovered that miR-29b functions as a toxic regulator by targeting dnmts. The overexpression of miR-29b and inhibition of dnmts resulted in cardiac abnormalities, such as pericardial edema, bradycardia, and abnormal expression of genes related to the heart. Similar changes in the levels of miR-29b and dnmts were also detected in the gonads of F0 males and F1 embryos, confirming their effects. Overall, the results suggest that deltamethrin may have adverse effects on heart development in early-stage zebrafish and on reproduction in adult zebrafish. Furthermore, epigenetic modifications may threaten the cardiac function of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yujia Yan
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Aoxue Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yuyao Jiang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zexin Wen
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Kun Qiao
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, PR China; Department Evolutionary Ecology and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty Biological Sciences, Goethe University 10 Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
| | - Hanqing Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Tiantian Hu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Yongfang Ma
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shengli Zhou
- Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
| | - Wenjun Gui
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insect Pests, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
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Filatova TS, Kuzmin VS, Dzhumaniiazova I, Pustovit OB, Abramochkin DV, Shiels HA. 3-Methyl-phenanthrene (3-MP) disrupts the electrical and contractile activity of the heart of the polar fish, navaga cod (Eleginus nawaga). CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 357:142089. [PMID: 38643846 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are abundant in crude oil and are enriched during petroleum refinement but knowledge of their cardiotoxicity remains limited. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered the main hazardous components in crude oil and the tricyclic PAH phenanthrene has been singled out for its direct effects on cardiac tissue in mammals and fish. Here we test the impact of the monomethylated phenanthrene, 3-methylphenanthrene (3-MP), on the contractile and electrical function of the atrium and ventricle of a polar fish, the navaga cod (Eleginus nawaga). Using patch-clamp electrophysiology in atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes we show that 3-MP is a potent inhibitor of the delayed rectifier current IKr (IC50 = 0.25 μM) and prolongs ventricular action potential duration. Unlike the parent compound phenanthrene, 3-MP did not reduce the amplitude of the L-type Ca2+ current (ICa) but it accelerated current inactivation thus reducing charge transfer across the myocyte membrane and compromising pressure development of the whole heart. 3-MP was a potent inhibitor (IC50 = 4.7 μM) of the sodium current (INa), slowing the upstroke of the action potential in isolated cells, slowing conduction velocity across the atrium measured with optical mapping, and increasing atrio-ventricular delay in a working whole heart preparation. Together, these findings reveal the strong cardiotoxic potential of this phenanthrene derivative on the fish heart. As 3-MP and other alkylated phenanthrenes comprise a large fraction of the PAHs in crude oil mixtures, these findings are worrisome for Arctic species facing increasing incidence of spills and leaks from the petroleum industry. 3-MP is also a major component of polluted air but is not routinely measured. This is also of concern if the hearts of humans and other terrestrial animals respond to this PAH in a similar manner to fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Dzhumaniiazova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Oksana B Pustovit
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia; Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9NT, UK.
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Zhang Y, Guo J, Tang C, Xu K, Li Z, Wang C. Early life stage exposure to fenbuconazole causes multigenerational cardiac developmental defects in zebrafish and potential reasons. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 349:123938. [PMID: 38588970 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing use of triazole fungicides in agriculture, triazole pesticides have aroused great concern about their toxicity and ecological risk. The current study investigated the impairments of embryonic exposure to fenbuconazole (FBZ) on cardiac transgenerational toxicity and related mechanisms. The fertilized eggs were exposed to 5, 50 and 500 ng/L FBZ for 72 h, and the larvae were then raised to adulthood in clean water. The adult fish were mated with unexposed fish to produce maternal and paternal F1 and F2 embryos, respectively. The results showed that increased arrhythmia were observed in F0, F1 and F2 larvae. Transcriptome sequencing indicated that the pathway of adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes was enriched in F0 and F2 larvae. In both F0 and F1 adult zebrafish hearts, ADRB2 protein expression decreased, and transcription of genes related to cardiac development and Ca2+ homeostasis was downregulated. These alterations might cause cardiac developmental defects. Significantly decreased protein levels of H3K9Ac and H3K14Ac might be linked with the downregulation in transcription of cardiac development genes. Protein‒protein interaction analysis exhibited that the pathway affecting the heart was well inherited in the paternal line. These results provide new ideas for the analysis and prevention of congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Jiaojiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chen Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Zihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, PR China.
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Dubiel J, Scovil A, Speers-Roesch B, Wiseman S, de Jourdan B, Philibert D. Exposure to individual polycyclic aromatic compounds impairs the cardiac performance of American lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 269:106863. [PMID: 38422926 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The potential for oil spills poses a threat to marine organisms, the toxicity of which has been attributed primarily to polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs). Predictive tools such as the target lipid model (TLM) have been developed to forecast and assess these risks. The aim of the present study was to characterize the cardiotoxicity of 10 structurally diverse PACs in American lobster (Homarus americanus) larvae by assessing heart rate following a 48 h exposure in a passive dosing system, and subsequently use the TLM framework to calculate a critical target lipid body burden (CTLBB) for bradycardia. Exposure to 8 of the 10 PACs resulted in concentration-dependent bradycardia, with phenanthrene causing the greatest effect. The TLM was able to effectively characterize bradycardia in American lobsters, and the cardiotoxic CTLBB value determined in this study is among the most sensitive endpoints included in the CTLBB database. This study is one of the first to apply the TLM to a cardiac endpoint and will improve predictive models for assessing sublethal impacts of oil spills on American lobster populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dubiel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - A Scovil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - B Speers-Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - S Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - B de Jourdan
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - D Philibert
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada.
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Liao Z, Cui X, Luo X, Ma Q, Wei Y, Liang M, Xu H. Exposure of farmed fish to petroleum hydrocarbon pollution and the recovery process: A simulation experiment with tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 913:169743. [PMID: 38163595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) pollution threatens both wild and farmed marine fish. How this pollution affects the nutrient metabolism in fish and whether this effect can be recovered have not been well-known. The present study aimed to evaluate these effects with a feeding trial on tiger puffer, an important farmed species in Asia. In a 6-week feeding trial conducted in indoor flow-through water, fish were fed a control diet (C) or diets supplemented with diesel oil (0.02 % and 0.2 % of dry matter, named LD and HD, respectively). Following this feeding trial was a 4-week recovery period, during which all fish were fed a same normal commercial feed. At the end of the 6-week feeding trial, dietary PH significantly decreased the fish growth and lipid content. The PH significantly accumulated in fish tissues, in particular the liver, and caused damages in all tissues examined in terms of histology, anti-oxidation status, and serum biochemical changes. Dietary PH also changed the volatile flavor compound profile in the muscle. The hepatic transcriptome assay showed that the HD diet tended to inhibit the DNA replication, cell cycle and lipid synthesis, but to stimulate the transcription of genes related to liver protection/repair and lipid catabolism. The 4-week recovery period to some extent mitigated the damage caused by PH. After the recovery period, the inter-group differences in some parameters disappeared. However, the differences in lipid content, anti-oxidase activity, liver PH concentration, and histological structure still existed. In addition, differences in cellular chemical homeostasis and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction at the transcriptional level can still be observed, indicated by the hepatic transcriptome assay. In conclusion, 6 weeks of dietary PH exposure significantly impaired the growth performance and health status of farmed tiger puffer, and a short-term recovery period (4 weeks) was not sufficient to completely mitigate this impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangbin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xishuai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yuliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshang Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Mengqing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshang Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Houguo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Mariculture Biobreeding and Sustainable Goods, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Functional Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Laoshang Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Haverinen J, Badr A, Korajoki H, Hassinen M, Vornanen M. Dual effect of polyaromatic hydrocarbons on sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) activity of a teleost fish (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109785. [PMID: 37977241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are embryo- and cardiotoxic to fish that might be associated with improper intracellular Ca2+ management. Since sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) is a major regulator of intracellular Ca2+, the SERCA activity and the contractile properties of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) ventricle were measured in the presence of 3- and 4-cyclic PAHs. In unfractionated ventricular homogenates, acute exposure of SERCA to 0.1-1.0 μM phenanthrene (Phe), retene (Ret), fluoranthene (Flu), or pyrene (Pyr) resulted in concentration-dependent increase in SERCA activity, except for the Flu exposure, with maximal effects of 49.7-83 % at 1 μM. However, PAH mixture did not affect the contractile parameters of trout ventricular strips. Similarly, all PAHs, except Ret, increased the myotomal SERCA activity, but with lower effect (27.8-40.8 % at 1 μM). To investigate the putative chronic effects of PAHs on SERCA, the atp2a2a gene encoding trout cardiac SERCA was expressed in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Culture of HEK cells in the presence of 0.3-1.0 μM Phe, Ret, Flu, and Pyr for 4 days suppressed SERCA expression in a concentration-dependent manner, with maximal inhibition of 49 %, 65 %, 39 % (P < 0.05), and 18 % (P > 0.05), respectively at 1 μM. Current findings indicate divergent effects of submicromolar PAH concentrations on SERCA: stimulation of SERCA activity in acute exposure and inhibition of SERCA expression in chronic exposure. The depressed expression of SERCA is likely to contribute to the embryo- and cardiotoxicity of PAHs by depressing muscle function and altering gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Haverinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland.
| | - Ahmed Badr
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland; Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, 82524 Sohag, Egypt
| | - Hanna Korajoki
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Minna Hassinen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Matti Vornanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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Incardona JP, Linbo TL, Cameron JR, French BL, Bolton JL, Gregg JL, Donald CE, Hershberger PK, Scholz NL. Biological Responses of Pacific Herring Embryos to Crude Oil Are Quantifiable at Exposure Levels Below Conventional Limits of Quantitation for PAHs in Water and Tissues. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:19214-19222. [PMID: 37963111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), a cornerstone of marine food webs, generally spawn on marine macroalgae in shallow nearshore areas that are disproportionately at risk from oil spills. Herring embryos are also highly susceptible to toxicity from chemicals leaching from oil stranded in intertidal and subtidal zones. The water-soluble components of crude oil trigger an adverse outcome pathway that involves disruption of the physiological functions of cardiomyocytes in the embryonic herring heart. In previous studies, impaired ionoregulation (calcium and potassium cycling) in response to specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) corresponds to lethal embryolarval heart failure or subtle chamber malformations at the high and low ends of the PAH exposure range, respectively. Sublethal cardiotoxicity, which involves an abnormal outgrowth (ballooning) of the cardiac ventricular chamber soon after hatching, subsequently compromises juvenile heart structure and function, leading to pathological hypertrophy of the ventricle and reduced individual fitness, measured as cardiorespiratory performance. Previous studies have not established a threshold for these sublethal and delayed-in-time effects, even with total (∑)PAH exposures as low as 29 ng/g of wet weight (tissue dose). Here, we extend these earlier findings showing that (1) cyp1a gene expression provides an oil exposure metric that is more sensitive than typical quantitation of PAHs via GC-MS and (2) heart morphometrics in herring embryos provide a similarly sensitive measure of toxic response. Early life stage injury to herring (impaired heart development) thus occurs below the quantitation limits for PAHs in both water and embryonic tissues as a conventional basis for assessing oil-induced losses to coastal marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Incardona
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Tiffany L Linbo
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - James R Cameron
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Saltwater, Inc., under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Barbara L French
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Jennie L Bolton
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
| | - Jacob L Gregg
- Marrowstone Marine Field Station, US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Nordland, Washington 98358-9633, United States
| | - Carey E Donald
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Nordnes 5817, Norway
| | - Paul K Hershberger
- Marrowstone Marine Field Station, US Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Nordland, Washington 98358-9633, United States
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington 98112, United States
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Yaar S, Filatova TS, England E, Kompella SN, Hancox JC, Bechtold DA, Venetucci L, Abramochkin DV, Shiels HA. Global Air Pollutant Phenanthrene and Arrhythmic Outcomes in a Mouse Model. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2023; 131:117002. [PMID: 37909723 PMCID: PMC10619431 DOI: 10.1289/ehp12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-ringed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene (Phe) has been implicated in the cardiotoxicity of petroleum-based pollution in aquatic systems, where it disrupts the contractile and electrical function of the fish heart. Phe is also found adsorbed to particulate matter and in the gas phase of air pollution, but to date, no studies have investigated the impact of Phe on mammalian cardiac function. OBJECTIVES Our objectives were to determine the arrhythmogenic potential of acute Phe exposure on mammalian cardiac function and define the underlying mechanisms to provide insight into the toxicity risk to humans. METHODS Ex vivo Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts were used to test the arrhythmogenic potential of Phe on myocardial function, and voltage- and current-clamp recordings were used to define underlying cellular mechanisms in isolated cardiomyocytes. RESULTS Mouse hearts exposed to ∼ 8 μ M Phe for 15-min exhibited a significantly slower heart rate (p = 0.0006 , N = 10 hearts), a prolonged PR interval (p = 0.036 , N = 8 hearts), and a slower conduction velocity (p = 0.0143 , N = 7 hearts). Whole-cell recordings from isolated cardiomyocytes revealed action potential (AP) duration prolongation (at 80% repolarization; p = 0.0408 , n = 9 cells) and inhibition of key murine repolarizing currents-transient outward potassium current (I to ) and ultrarapid potassium current (I Kur )-following Phe exposure. A significant reduction in AP upstroke velocity (p = 0.0445 , n = 9 cells) and inhibition of the fast sodium current (I Na ; p = 0.001 , n = 8 cells) and calcium current (I Ca ; p = 0.0001 ) were also observed, explaining the slowed conduction velocity in intact hearts. Finally, acute exposure to ∼ 8 μ M Phe significantly increased susceptibility to arrhythmias (p = 0.0455 , N = 9 hearts). DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence of direct inhibitory effects of Phe on mammalian cardiac electrical activity at both the whole-heart and cell levels. This electrical dysfunction manifested as an increase in arrhythmia susceptibility due to impairment of both conduction and repolarization. Similar effects in humans could have serious health consequences, warranting greater regulatory attention and toxicological investigation into this ubiquitous PAH pollutant generated from fossil-fuel combustion. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP12775.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Yaar
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Tatiana S. Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ellie England
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Shiva N. Kompella
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jules C. Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - David A. Bechtold
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Luigi Venetucci
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Denis V. Abramochkin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Holly A. Shiels
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine, and Health, Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abramochkin DV, Filatova TS, Kuzmin VS, Voronkov YI, Kamkin A, Shiels HA. Tricyclic hydrocarbon fluorene attenuates ventricular ionic currents and pressure development in the navaga cod. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 273:109736. [PMID: 37659611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
The release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) into the environment due to oil and diesel fuel spills is a serious threat to Arctic fish populations. PAHs produce multiple toxic effects in fish, but disturbance of electrical and contractile activity of the heart seems to be the most negative effect. Our study focused on the effects of fluorene, a tricyclic PAH resembling the well-investigated tricyclic phenanthrene, on major ionic currents and action potential (AP) waveform in isolated ventricular myocytes and on contractile activity in isolated whole hearts of polar navaga cod (Eleginus nawaga). Among the studied currents, the repolarizing rapid delayed rectifier K+ current IKr demonstrated the highest sensitivity to fluorene with IC50 of 0.54 μM. The depolarizing inward currents, INa and ICaL, were inhibited with 10 μM fluorene by 20.2 ± 2.8 % and 27.9 ± 8.4 %, respectively, thereby being much less sensitive to fluorene than IKr. Inward rectifier IK1 current was insensitive to fluorene (up to 10 μM). While 3 μM fluorene prolonged APs, 10 μM also slowed the AP upstroke. Resting membrane potential was not affected by any tested concentrations. In isolated heart experiments 10 μM fluorene caused modest depression of ventricular contractile activity. Thus, we have demonstrated that fluorene, a tricyclic PAH present in high quantities in crude oil, strongly impacts electrical activity with only slight effects on contractile activity in the heart of the polar fish, the navaga cod.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis V Abramochkin
- Department of Biology, MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Tatiana S Filatova
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladislav S Kuzmin
- Department of Human and Animal Physiology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, 12, Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Chazov National Medical Research Center for Cardiology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Yuri I Voronkov
- State Research Center of the Russian Federation, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andre Kamkin
- Department of Physiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova str., 1, Moscow, Russia
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
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11
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Shankar P, Villeneuve DL. AOP Report: Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activation Leads to Early-Life Stage Mortality via Sox9 Repression-Induced Craniofacial and Cardiac Malformations. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2023; 42:2063-2077. [PMID: 37341548 PMCID: PMC10772968 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The aryl hydrocarbon receptors (Ahrs) are evolutionarily conserved ligand-dependent transcription factors that are activated by structurally diverse endogenous compounds as well as environmental chemicals such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Activation of the Ahr leads to several transcriptional changes that can cause developmental toxicity resulting in mortality. Evidence was assembled and evaluated for two novel adverse outcome pathways (AOPs) which describe how Ahr activation (molecular initiating event) can lead to early-life stage mortality (adverse outcome), via either SOX9-mediated craniofacial malformations (AOP 455) or cardiovascular toxicity (AOP 456). Using a key event relationship (KER)-by-KER approach, we collected evidence using both a narrative search and a systematic review based on detailed search terms. Weight of evidence for each KER was assessed to inform overall confidence of the AOPs. The AOPs link to previous descriptions of Ahr activation and connect them to two novel key events (KEs), increase in slincR expression, a newly characterized long noncoding RNA with regulatory functions, and suppression of SOX9, a critical transcription factor implicated in chondrogenesis and cardiac development. In general, confidence levels for KERs ranged between medium and strong, with few inconsistencies, as well as several opportunities for future research identified. While the majority of KEs have only been demonstrated in zebrafish with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin as an Ahr activator, evidence suggests that the two AOPs likely apply to most vertebrates and many Ahr-activating chemicals. Addition of the AOPs into the AOP-Wiki (https://aopwiki.org/) helps expand the growing Ahr-related AOP network to 19 individual AOPs, of which six are endorsed or in progress and the remaining 13 relatively underdeveloped. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2063-2077. © 2023 SETAC. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prarthana Shankar
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
- University of Wisconsin Madison Sea Grant Fellow at Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Daniel L. Villeneuve
- Great Lakes Toxicology and Ecology Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
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12
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Nahrgang J, Granlund C, Bender ML, Sørensen L, Greenacre M, Frantzen M. No observed developmental effects in early life stages of capelin (Mallotus villosus) exposed to a water-soluble fraction of crude oil during embryonic development. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2023; 86:404-419. [PMID: 37171367 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2023.2209115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The rise in offshore oil and gas operations, maritime shipping, and tourism in northern latitudes enhances the risk of oil spills to sub-Arctic and Arctic coastal environments. Therefore, there is a need to understand the potential adverse effects of petroleum on key species in these areas. Here, we investigated the effects of oil exposure on the early life stages of capelin (Mallotus villosus), an ecologically and commercially important Barents Sea forage fish species that spawns along the coast of Northern Norway. Capelin embryos were exposed to five different concentrations (corresponding to 0.5-19 µg/L total PAHs) of water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil from 6 days post fertilization (dpf) until hatch (25 dpf), and development of larvae in clean seawater was monitored until 52 dpf. None of the investigated endpoints (embryo development, larval length, heart rate, arrhythmia, and larval mortality) showed any effects. Our results suggest that the early life stages of capelin may be more robust to crude oil exposure than similar life stages of other fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine Nahrgang
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cassandra Granlund
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Morgan Lizabeth Bender
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Akvaplan-niva, Fram Centre, Tromsø, Norway
- Owl Ridge Natural Resource Consultants, Inc, Anchorage, USA
| | | | - Michael Greenacre
- Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, and Barcelona School of Management, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Scovil AM, Boloori T, de Jourdan BP, Speers-Roesch B. The effect of chemical dispersion and temperature on the metabolic and cardiac responses to physically dispersed crude oil exposure in larval American lobster (Homarus americanus). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114976. [PMID: 37137253 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite their potential vulnerability to oil spills, little is known about the physiological effects of petroleum exposure and spill responses in cold-water marine animal larvae. We investigated the effects of physically dispersed (water-accommodated fraction, WAF) and chemically dispersed (chemically enhanced WAF, CEWAF; using Slickgone EW) conventional heavy crude oil on the routine metabolic rate and heart rate of stage I larval American lobster (Homarus americanus). We found no effects of 24-h exposure to sublethal concentrations of crude oil WAF or CEWAF at 12 °C. We then investigated the effect of sublethal concentrations of WAFs at three environmentally relevant temperatures (9, 12, 15 °C). The highest WAF concentration increased metabolic rate at 9 °C, whereas it decreased heart rate and increased mortality at 15 °C. Overall, metabolic and cardiac function of American lobster larvae is relatively resilient to conventional heavy crude oil and Slickgone EW exposure, but responses to WAF may be temperature-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Scovil
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Tahereh Boloori
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Benjamin P de Jourdan
- Huntsman Marine Science Centre, 1 Lower Campus Road, St. Andrews, New Brunswick E5B 2L7, Canada
| | - Ben Speers-Roesch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, New Brunswick E2L 4L5, Canada.
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14
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Zhang Y, Chen Y, Xu K, Xia S, Aihaiti A, Zhu M, Wang C. Exposure of embryos to phenanthrene impacts the cardiac development in F1 zebrafish larvae and potential reasons. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:52369-52379. [PMID: 36840880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26165-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To explore the impact of embryonic exposure to phenanthrene (Phe), a typical tricyclic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, on cardiac development in next generation, fertilized zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.05, 0.5, 5 and 50 nM Phe for 96 h, and then transferred to clear water and raised to adulthood. The cardiac development in F1 larvae generated by adult females or males mated with unexposed zebrafish was assessed. Malformation and dysfunction of the heart, such as increased heart rate, arrhythmia, enlarged heart and abnormal contraction, were shown in both paternal and maternal F1 larvae. A greater impact on the distance between the sinus venosus and bulbus arteriosus was exhibited in maternal F1 larvae, while paternal F1 larvae displayed a more severe impact on heart rate and arrhythmia. The transcription of genes related to cardiac development was disturbed in F1 larvae. DNA methylation levels in the promoter of some genes were associated with their transcription. The expression of acetylated histone H3K9Ac and H3K14Ac in maternal F1 larvae was no significantly changed, but was significantly downregulated in paternal F1 larvae, which might be associated with the downregulated transcription of tbx5. These results indicate that exposure to Phe during embryogenesis adversely affects cardiac development in F1 generation, and the effects and toxic mechanisms showed sex-linked hereditary differences, highlighting the risk of Phe exposure in early life to heart health in next generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Ailifeire Aihaiti
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxia Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Ni X, Yin X, Qi C, Liu C, Chen H, Zhou Y, Ao W, Bao S, Xue J, Yang J, Dong W. Cardiotoxicity of (-)-borneol, (+)-borneol, and isoborneol in zebrafish embryos is associated with Na + /K + -ATPase and Ca 2+ -ATPase inhibition. J Appl Toxicol 2023; 43:373-386. [PMID: 36062847 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Borneol is an example of traditional Chinese medicine widely used in Asia. There are different isomers of chiral borneol in the market, but its toxicity and effects need further study. In this study, we used zebrafish embryos to examine the effects of exposure to three isomers of borneol [(-)-borneol, (+)-borneol, and isoborneol] on heart development and the association with Na+ /K+ -ATPase from 4 h post-fertilization (4 hpf). The results showed that the three isomers of borneol increased mortality and decreased hatching rate when the zebrafish embryo developed to 72 hpf. All three isomers of borneol (0.01-1.0 mM) significantly reduced heart rate from 48 to 120 hpf and reduced the expression of genes related to Ca2+ -ATPase (cacna1ab and cacna1da) and Na+ /K+ -ATPase (atp1b2b, atp1a3b, and atp1a2). At the same time, the three isomers of borneol significantly reduced the activities of Ca2+ -ATPase and Na+ /K+ -ATPase at 0.1 to 1.0 mM. (+)-Borneol caused the most significant reduction (p < 0.05), followed by isoborneol and (-)-borneol. Na+ /K+ -ATPase was mainly expressed in otic vesicles and protonephridium. All three isomers of borneol reduced Na+ /K+ -ATPase mRNA expression, but isoborneol was the most significant (p < 0.01). Our results indicated that (+)-borneol was the least toxic of the three isomers while the isoborneol showed the most substantial toxic effect, closely related to effects on Na+ /K+ -ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ni
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Chelimuge Qi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Yini Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Wuliji Ao
- Inner Mongolia Research Institute of Traditional Mongolian Medicine Engineering technology/College of Mongolian Medicine and Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Shuyin Bao
- The Medical College of Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jiangdong Xue
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Jingfeng Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
| | - Wu Dong
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Toxicant Monitoring and Toxicology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China
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16
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Bérubé R, Garnier C, Lefebvre-Raine M, Gauthier C, Bergeron N, Triffault-Bouchet G, Langlois VS, Couture P. Early developmental toxicity of Atlantic salmon exposed to conventional and unconventional oils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 250:114487. [PMID: 36587413 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atlantic salmon is an important species for Canadian culture and economy and its importance extends beyond Canada to Scandinavia and Western Europe. However, it is a vulnerable species facing decline due to habitat contamination and destruction. Existing and new Canadian pipeline projects pose a threat to salmonid habitat. The effects of diluted bitumen (dilbit), the main oil circulating in pipelines, are less studied than those of conventional oils, especially during the critical early embryonic developmental stage occurring in freshwater ecosystems. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the effects of water-accommodated fractions (WAF) of the Clearwater McMurray dilbit and the Lloydminster Heavy conventional oil on Atlantic salmon embryos exposed either from fertilization or from eyed stage. The dilbit contained the highest concentrations of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds (including BTEX and C6-C10), while the conventional oil contained the highest concentrations of PAHs. The Clearwater dilbit caused a higher percentage of mortality and malformations than the conventional oil at similar WAF concentrations. In addition, the embryos exposed from fertilization suffered a higher mortality rate, more developmental delays, and malformations than embryos exposed from the eyed stage, suggesting that early development is the most sensitive developmental stage to oil exposure. Gene expression and enzymatic activity of the detoxification phase I and II enzymes (CYP1A and GST) were measured. Data showed increases in both cyp1a expression and GST activity with increasing WAF concentrations, while gst expression was not affected by the exposures. Also, gene expression of proteins involved in the biotransformation of vitamin A and DNA damage repair were modified by the oil exposures. Overall, this study indicates that Atlantic salmon is mostly affected by oil exposure at the beginning of its development, during which embryos accumulate deformities that may impact their survival at later life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne Bérubé
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Garnier
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Molly Lefebvre-Raine
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Charles Gauthier
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Normand Bergeron
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Gaëlle Triffault-Bouchet
- CEAEQ, Ministère de l'Environnement et de la Lutte contre les changements climatiques, 2700 rue Einstein, Québec, Canada
| | - Valérie S Langlois
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrice Couture
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS), Centre Eau Terre Environnement, 490 rue de la Couronne, Québec, QC, Canada.
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17
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Folkerts EJ, Alessi DS, Goss GG. Latent impacts on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) cardio-respiratory function and swimming performance following embryonic exposures to hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 254:106372. [PMID: 36512985 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Technologies associated with hydraulic fracturing continue to be prevalent in many regions worldwide. As a result, the production of flowback and produced water (FPW) - a wastewater generated once pressure is released from subterranean wellbores - continues to rise in regions experiencing fracturing activities, while waste management strategies attempt to mitigate compounding burdens of increased FPW production. The heightened production of FPW increases the potential for release to the environment. However, relatively few studies have directly investigated how ecosystems and organisms may be latently affected long after exposures occur. The current study examines rainbow trout exposed in ovo at select critical cardiac developmental time points to differing dilutions and lengths of time (acute versus chronic) to determine how FPW-mediated exposure in ovo may alter later cardiac function and development. After exposure, we allowed fish to grow for ∼ 8 months post-fertilization and measured fish swimming performance, aerobic scope, and cardiac structure of juvenile trout. Acute 48 h embryonic 5% FPW exposure at either 3 days post-fertilization (dpf) or 10 dpf significantly reduced later swimming performance and aerobic scope in juvenile trout. In ovo exposure to 2.5% FPW at 3 dpf yielded significant decreases in these metrics as well, while exposing trout to 2.5% FPW at 10 dpf did not induce as significant effects. Morphometric analyses of heart muscle tissue in all treatments decreased compact myocardium thickness. Chronic 1% FPW in ovo exposure for 28 days induced similar reductions in swimming performance, aerobic scope, and decreased compact myocardium thickness as acute exposures. Overall, our results demonstrate that FPW exposure during egg development ultimately results in persistently impaired heart morphology and resulting physiological (swimming) performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada.
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada; NRC- University of Alberta Nanotechnology Initiative, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
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18
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Eriksson ANM, Rigaud C, Wincent E, Pakkanen H, Salonen P, Vehniäinen ER. Endogenous AhR agonist FICZ accumulates in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) alevins exposed to a mixture of two PAHs, retene and fluoranthene. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 31:1382-1389. [PMID: 36219374 PMCID: PMC9652237 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-022-02593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple studies have reported synergized toxicity of PAH mixtures in developing fish larvae relative to the additive effect of the components. From a toxicological perspective, multiple mechanisms are known to contribute to synergism, such as altered toxicodynamics and kinetics, as well as increased oxidative stress. An understudied contributor to synergism is the accumulation of endogenous metabolites, for example: the aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AhR2) agonist and tryptophan metabolite 6-Formylindolo(3,2-b)carbazole (FICZ). Fish larvae exposed to FICZ, alongside knock-down of cytochrome p450 (cyp1a), has been reported to induced symptoms of toxicity similar to those observed following exposure to PAHs or the dioxin 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. Here, we explored if FICZ accumulates in newly hatched rainbow trout alevins (Oncorhynchus mykiss) exposed to two PAHs with different properties: retene (potent AhR2 agonist) and fluoranthene (weak AhR2 agonist and Cyp1a inhibitor), either alone or as a binary mixture for 3 and 7 days. We found that exposure to the mixture resulted in accumulation of endogenous FICZ, synergized the blue sac disease index (BSD), and altered the body burden profiles of the PAHs, when compared to the alevins exposed to the individual components. It is thus very plausible that accumulation of endogenously derived FICZ contributed to the synergized BSD index and toxicity in exposed alevins. Accumulation of endogenously derived FICZ is a novel finding that extends our general understanding on PAHs toxicity in developing fish larvae, while at the same time highlighting why environmental risk assessment of PAHs should not be based solely results from the assessment of individual compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas N M Eriksson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Cyril Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Emma Wincent
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hannu Pakkanen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pihla Salonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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19
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Aimon C, Lebigre C, Le Floch S, Claireaux G. Effects of dispersant-treated oil upon behavioural and metabolic parameters of the anti-predator response in juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155430. [PMID: 35461926 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Acute exposure to oil and oil dispersants can cause a wide range of physiological dysfunctions in marine fish species and evidences for consequences on behaviour are also increasing. In response to the presence of predators or to food availability, the modulation of locomotor activity and schools' behaviour enable fish to maximize their survival rates. However, the degree to which this regulatory process is affected by exposure to oil and/or dispersants is yet unknown. Here we investigated the effect of a 62-h experimental exposure to dispersant-treated oil on the behavioural (shoal cohesion, spontaneous activity) and metabolic (oxygen consumption) responses to simulated predation in juvenile European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L. Our results suggest that exposure to petroleum hydrocarbons may affect negatively individual fitness through impaired ability to respond to predation. Shoal cohesion was not affected, but fish swimming activity was higher than control individuals under predation pressure and the amplitude of their metabolic response was significantly reduced. Fish recovered from alteration of their metabolic response 7 days post-exposure. Additionally, a strong habituation component was observed in C fish and the absence of such pattern in E fish suggest altered capacity to habituate over time to the surrounding environment and possible impairments of the related cognitive performances. Altogether, our data show that juvenile sea bass exposed to oil exhibit transient physiological dysfunctions and impairments of complex behaviours that may have major population-level consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Aimon
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France; CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France.
| | - C Lebigre
- UMR DECOD (Ecosystem Dynamics and Sustainability), Ifremer, INRAE, Institut Agro, Plouzané, France
| | - S Le Floch
- CEDRE, Research Department, 715 rue Alain Colas, CS 41836, Brest 29218-Cedex 2, France
| | - G Claireaux
- Université de Bretagne Occidentale, LEMAR (UMR 6539), Centre Ifremer de Bretagne, 29280 Plouzané, France
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20
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Eriksson ANM, Rigaud C, Rokka A, Skaugen M, Lihavainen JH, Vehniäinen ER. Changes in cardiac proteome and metabolome following exposure to the PAHs retene and fluoranthene and their mixture in developing rainbow trout alevins. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154846. [PMID: 35351515 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is known to affect developing organisms. Utilization of different omics-based technologies and approaches could therefore provide a base for the discovery of novel mechanisms of PAH induced development of toxicity. To this aim, we investigated how exposure towards two PAHs with different toxicity mechanisms: retene (an aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (Ahr2) agonist), and fluoranthene (a weak Ahr2 agonist and cytochrome P450 inhibitor (Cyp1a)), either alone or as a mixture, affected the cardiac proteome and metabolome in newly hatched rainbow trout alevins (Oncorhynchus mykiss). In total, we identified 65 and 82 differently expressed proteins (DEPs) across all treatments compared to control (DMSO) after 7 and 14 days of exposure. Exposure to fluoranthene altered the expression of 11 and 19 proteins, retene 29 and 23, while the mixture affected 44 and 82 DEPs by Days 7 and 14, respectively. In contrast, only 5 significantly affected metabolites were identified. Pathway over-representation analysis identified exposure-specific activation of phase II metabolic processes, which were accompanied with exposure-specific body burden profiles. The proteomic data highlights that exposure to the mixture increased oxidative stress, altered iron metabolism and impaired coagulation capacity. Additionally, depletion of several mini-chromosome maintenance components, in combination with depletion of several intermediate filaments and microtubules, among alevins exposed to the mixture, suggests compromised cellular integrity and reduced rate of mitosis, whereby affecting heart growth and development. Furthermore, the combination of proteomic and metabolomic data indicates altered energy metabolism, as per amino acid catabolism among mixture exposed alevins; plausibly compensatory mechanisms as to counteract reduced absorption and consumption of yolk. When considered as a whole, proteomic and metabolomic data, in relation to apical effects on the whole organism, provides additional insight into PAH toxicity and the effects of exposure on heart structure and molecular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas N M Eriksson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Cyril Rigaud
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
| | - Anne Rokka
- Turku Proteomics Facility, Turku University, Tykistökatu 6, 20520 Turku, Finland.
| | - Morten Skaugen
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Campus Ås, Universitetstunet 3, 1430 Ås, Norway.
| | - Jenna H Lihavainen
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Umeå University, KB. K3 (Fys. Bot.), Artedigränd 7, Fysiologisk botanik, UPSC, KB. K3 (B3.44.45) Umeå universitet, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Eeva-Riikka Vehniäinen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014, Finland.
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21
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Zhu L, Wang C, Jiang H, Zhang L, Mao L, Zhang Y, Qi S, Liu X. Quizalofop-P-ethyl induced developmental toxicity and cardiotoxicity in early life stage of zebrafish (Danio rerio). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 238:113596. [PMID: 35526453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Quizalofop-P-ethyl (QpE), a highly efficient selective herbicide, has good control effect on annual and perennial weeds. However, its excessive use will pose a threat to the ecological environment. QpE has been proven harmful to aquatic organisms, but there is little evidence on the adverse effects of QpE in the early life of aquatic organisms. In this work, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were treated with 0.10, 0.20, 0.30, 0.40, and 0.50 mg/L of QpE for 120 h. The findings revealed that the LC50 value of QpE to zebrafish embryos was 0.23 mg/L at 96 hpf. QpE exposure significantly increased the mortality rate, decreased the hatching rate and caused morphological defects during zebrafish embryonic development, with a concentration dependent manner. QpE also caused severe morphological changes in the cardiovascular system, as well as resulted in a dysfunction in cardiovascular performance. Meanwhile, both histopathological examination and neutrophil observations showed inflammatory response occurred in the heart. Furthermore, several genes associated with heart development and inflammation were significantly altered following QpE exposure. A protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis proved that there was a connection between the changed heart development-relevant and inflammation-related genes. Taken together, our findings suggest that QpE causes cardiotoxicity in zebrafish embryos by altering the expression of genes in the regulatory network of cardiac development, which might be aggravated by inflammatory reactions, thereby affecting embryo development. These findings generated here are useful for in-depth assessment of the effects of QpE on early development of aquatic organisms and providing theoretical foundation for risk management measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengju Wang
- College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyun Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangang Mao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanning Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Suzhen Qi
- Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Disease and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Reynolds JS, Jackson BL, Madison BN, Elvidge CK, Frank RA, Hasler CT, Headley JV, Hewitt LM, Peru KM, Yakimowski SB, Orihel DM. Fathead Minnows Exposed to Organic Compounds from Oil Sands Tailings as Embryos Have Reduced Survival, Impaired Development, and Altered Behaviors That Persist into Larval Stages. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2022; 41:1319-1332. [PMID: 35188283 PMCID: PMC9322567 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Our study evaluated whether exposure to naphthenic acid fraction compounds (NAFCs) extracted from oil sands process-affected waters (OSPW) has adverse effects on fish embryos that persist into later life. We exposed fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) embryos to concentrations of NAFCs found in OSPW (2.5-54 mg/L) for 7 days (1 day postfertilization to hatch), then raised surviving larvae in outdoor mesocosms of uncontaminated lake water for 1 month. Embryos exposed to NAFCs were more likely to exhibit malformations (by up to 8-fold) and had slower heart rates (by up to 24%) compared to controls. Fish raised in uncontaminated lake water following exposure to NAFCs as embryos, were 2.5-fold less likely to survive during the larval stage than control fish. These fish also showed up to a 45% decrease in swim activity and a 36% increase in swim burst events during behavioral tests relative to controls. We conclude that exposure to NAFCs during the embryonic stage can have lasting effects on fish survival, physiology, and behavior that persist at least through the larval stage. These findings of delayed mortalities and persistent sublethal effects of embryonic NAFC exposure are relevant to informing the development of regulations on treated OSPW releases from mining operations. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1319-1332. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Barry N. Madison
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
| | | | - Richard A. Frank
- Water Science and Technology DirectorateEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Caleb T. Hasler
- Department of BiologyUniversity of WinnipegWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - John V. Headley
- Water Science and Technology DirectorateEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | - L. Mark Hewitt
- Water Science and Technology DirectorateEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaBurlingtonOntarioCanada
| | - Kerry M. Peru
- Water Science and Technology DirectorateEnvironment and Climate Change CanadaSaskatoonSaskatchewanCanada
| | | | - Diane M. Orihel
- Department of BiologyQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
- School of Environmental StudiesQueen's UniversityKingstonOntarioCanada
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23
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Mora M, Walker TR, Willis R. Spatiotemporal characterization of petroleum hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in small craft harbour sediments in Nova Scotia, Canada. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113524. [PMID: 35279547 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Previous characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and metals has been conducted in small craft harbour (SCH) sediments in Nova Scotia, Canada, but petroleum hydrocarbons (PHCs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) have not been spatiotemporally assessed. This study characterized the distribution of over 500 PHCs and PCBs samples in 31 SCHs sediments between 2000 and 2017. Federal and regional sediment quality guidelines were used to determine exceedances. Results showed exceedances for diesel and oil resembling PHCs, expected given their longer permanence in sediments and lower volatility. However, only 7% of the samples exceeded 500 ppm, threshold where benthic impairment is observed, showing low risk. PCBs do not pose high risk to biota since only six samples exceeded the higher effect level and 25% of them exceeded the lower effect one. Monitoring is recommended for SCHs with significant exceedances, as well as collectively assessing all contaminants characterized in SCHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Mora
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Tony R Walker
- School for Resource and Environmental Studies, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Rob Willis
- Dillon Consulting Limited, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3S 1B3, Canada
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24
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DeMiguel-Jiménez L, Etxebarria N, Reinardy HC, Lekube X, Marigómez I, Izagirre U. Toxicity to sea urchin embryos of crude and bunker oils weathered under ice alone and mixed with dispersant. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113345. [PMID: 35151077 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A multi-index approach (larval lenghthening and malformations, developmental disruption, and genotoxicity) was applied using sea-urchin embryos as test-organisms. PAH levels measured in the under-ice weathered aqueous fraction (UIWAF) were lower than in the low-energy water accommodated fraction (LEWAF) and similar amongst UIWAFs of different oils. UIWAFs and LEWAFs caused toxic effects, more markedly in UIWAFs, that could not be attributed to measured individual PAHs or to their mixture. Conversely, UIWAF was less genotoxic than LEWAF, most likely because naphthalene concentrations were also lower. In agreement, NAN LEWAF, the most genotoxic, exhibited the highest naphthalene levels. Dispersant addition produced less consistent changes in PAH levels and embryo toxicity in UIWAFs than in LEWAFs, and did not modify LEWAF genotoxicity. Overall, under ice weathering resulted in lowered waterborne PAHs and genotoxicity but augmented embryo toxicity, not modified by dispersant application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura DeMiguel-Jiménez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- IBeA Research Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Helena C Reinardy
- Aquaculture Science Department, Scottish Association for Marine Science (SAMS), Scottish Marine Institute, Dunbeg, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard (UNIS), PO Box 156, N-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Xabier Lekube
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ionan Marigómez
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- BCTA Research Group, Department of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV-EHU), Sarriena auzoa z/g, E-48940 Leioa-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE-UPV/EHU), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza z/g, E-48620 Plentzia-Bizkaia, Basque Country, Spain
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25
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Allmon E, Carter G, Griffitt R, Sepúlveda MS. Oil induced cardiac effects in embryonic sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 288:132482. [PMID: 34627815 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Following the Deepwater Horizon oil spill in April 2010, much research has been conducted on the cardiotoxic effects of oil on fish. Sensitive life history stages, such as the embryonic period, have been targeted to elucidate the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) on the developing cardiovascular systems of fish. However, much of this research has focused on rapidly developing pelagic species, with little emphasis on estuarine species with longer embryological periods. Moreover, previous studies have used heart rate as the primary endpoint to measure cardiac performance in embryos and larvae; an endpoint that on its own may overlook impairment in cardiac performance. This study aims to fill these knowledge gaps and provide a more holistic approach for assessing the effects of PAHs on cardiac function by exposing sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) embryos to two oil doses (150 and 300 μg/L tPAH nominally) throughout embryonic development and measuring cardiac responses through the identification of cardiotoxic phenotypes (pericardial edema) as well as calculation of cardiac output at 4 days post fertilization. Results of this study show significant increases in pericardial edema at both oil doses relative to controls as well as significantly reduced cardiac output - driven by reductions in ventricular stroke volume. This study is one of the first to assess cardiac output in embryonic fish exposed to oil and methods described here allow for more physiologically relevant measures of cardiac performance in early life stages through established and non-invasive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Allmon
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Grace Carter
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Robert Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry & Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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26
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Nicklisch SCT, Pouv AK, Rees SD, McGrath AP, Chang G, Hamdoun A. Transporter-interfering chemicals inhibit P-glycoprotein of yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109101. [PMID: 34116183 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Marine pollutants bioaccumulate at high trophic levels of marine food webs and are transferred to humans through consumption of apex species. Yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) are marine predators, and one of largest commercial fisheries in the world. Previous studies have shown that yellowfin tuna can accumulate high levels of persistent organic pollutants, including Transporter Interfering Chemicals (TICs), which are chemicals shown to bind to mammalian xenobiotic transporters and interfere with their function. Here, we examined the extent to which these same compounds might interfere with the activity of the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) ortholog of this transporter. To accomplish this goal we identified, expressed, and functionally assayed tuna ABCB1. The results demonstrated a common mode of vertebrate ABCB1 interaction with TICs that predicts effects across these species, based on high conservation of specific interacting residues. Importantly several TICs showed potent inhibition of Ta-ABCB1, such as the organochlorine pesticides Endrin (EC50 = 1.2 ± 0.2 μM) and Mirex (EC50 = 2.3 ± 0.9 μM). However, unlike the effects observed on mouse ABCB1, low concentrations of the organochlorine pesticide TICs p,p'-DDT and its metabolite p,p'-DDD co-stimulated verapamil-induced Ta-ABCB1 ATPase activity possibly suggesting a low transport activity for these ligands in tuna. These results provide a mechanistic basis for understanding the potential vulnerability of tuna to these ubquitous pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha C T Nicklisch
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Amara K Pouv
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States of America.
| | - Steven D Rees
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive #0754, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
| | - Aaron P McGrath
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive #0754, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Geoffrey Chang
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 9500 Gilman Drive #0754, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
| | - Amro Hamdoun
- Center for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0202, United States of America.
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27
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Hansen BH, Nordtug T, Farkas J, Khan EA, Oteri E, Kvæstad B, Faksness LG, Daling PS, Arukwe A. Toxicity and developmental effects of Arctic fuel oil types on early life stages of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105881. [PMID: 34139396 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to the heavy fuel oil (HFO) ban in Arctic maritime transport and new legislations restricting the sulphur content of fuel oils, new fuel oil types are continuously developed. However, the potential impacts of these new fuel oil types on marine ecosystems during accidental spills are largely unknown. In this study, we studied the toxicity of three marine fuel oils (two marine gas oils with low sulphur contents and a heavy fuel oil) in early life stages of cod (Gadus morhua). Embryos were exposed for 4 days to water-soluble fractions of fuel oils at concentrations ranging from 4.1 - 128.3 µg TPAH/L, followed by recovery in clean seawater until 17 days post fertilization. Exposure to all three fuel oils resulted in developmental toxicity, including severe morphological changes, deformations and cardiotoxicity. To assess underlying molecular mechanisms, we studied fuel oil-mediated activation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) gene battery and genes related to cardiovascular, angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways. Overall, our results suggest comparable mechanisms of toxicity for the three fuel oils. All fuel oils caused concentration-dependant increases of cyp1a mRNA which paralleled ahrr, but not ahr1b transcript expression. On the angiogenesis and osteogenesis pathways, fuel oils produced concentration-specific transcriptional effects that were either increasing or decreasing, compared to control embryos. Based on the observed toxic responses, toxicity threshold values were estimated for individual endpoints to assess the most sensitive molecular and physiological effects, suggesting that unresolved petrogenic components may be significant contributors to the observed toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Trond Nordtug
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Julia Farkas
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Essa A Khan
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Erika Oteri
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne Kvæstad
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Per S Daling
- SINTEF Ocean, Climate and Environment, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Augustine Arukwe
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Trondheim, Norway
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28
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Khursigara AJ, Rowsey LE, Johansen JL, Esbaugh AJ. Behavioral Changes in a Coastal Marine Fish Lead to Increased Predation Risk Following Oil Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:8119-8127. [PMID: 34032421 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fishes exposed to crude oil have shown reduced sociability and poor habitat selection, which corresponded with increased predation risk. However, the contribution of oil-induced cardiorespiratory impairments to these findings is uncertain. This study explores the effect of oil exposure on predation risk in a model fish species, Sciaenops ocellatus, across a suite of physiological and behavioral end points to elucidate the mechanisms through which any observed effects are manifested. Using mesocosms to assess group predator avoidance, oil exposure to 36.3 μg l-1 ΣPAH reduced the time to 50% mortality from a mean time of 80.0 (74.1-86.0 95% confidence interval [CI]) min to 39.2 (35.6-42.8 95% CI) min. The influence of oil impaired cardiorespiratory and behavioral pathways on predation risk was assessed based on respiratory performance, swim performance, sociability, and routine activity. Swim trials demonstrated that cardiorespiratory and swim performance were unaffected by exposures to 26.6 or 100.8 μg l-1 ΣPAH. Interestingly, behavioral tests revealed that exposure to 26.6 μg l-1 ΣPAH increased distance moved, speed, acceleration, and burst activity. These data indicate that behavioral impairment is more sensitive than cardiorespiratory injury and may be a more important driver of downstream ecological risk following oil exposure in marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
| | - Lauren E Rowsey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Brunswick, Saint John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada
| | - Jacob L Johansen
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, Hawaii 96744, United States
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- Department of Marine Science, The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, Texas 78373, United States
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29
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Incardona JP, Linbo TL, French BL, Cameron J, Peck KA, Laetz CA, Hicks MB, Hutchinson G, Allan SE, Boyd DT, Ylitalo GM, Scholz NL. Low-level embryonic crude oil exposure disrupts ventricular ballooning and subsequent trabeculation in Pacific herring. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 235:105810. [PMID: 33823483 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing awareness that transient, sublethal embryonic exposure to crude oils cause subtle but important forms of delayed toxicity in fish. While the precise mechanisms for this loss of individual fitness are not well understood, they involve the disruption of early cardiogenesis and a subsequent pathological remodeling of the heart much later in juveniles. This developmental cardiotoxicity is attributable, in turn, to the inhibitory actions of crude oil-derived mixtures of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) on specific ion channels and other proteins that collectively drive the rhythmic contractions of heart muscle cells via excitation-contraction coupling. Here we exposed Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi) embryos to oiled gravel effluent yielding ΣPAC concentrations as low as ~ 1 μg/L (64 ng/g in tissues). Upon hatching in clean seawater, and following the depuration of tissue PACs (as evidenced by basal levels of cyp1a gene expression), the ventricles of larval herring hearts showed a concentration-dependent reduction in posterior growth (ballooning). This was followed weeks later in feeding larvae by abnormal trabeculation, or formation of the finger-like projections of interior spongy myocardium, and months later with hypertrophy (overgrowth) of the spongy myocardium in early juveniles. Given that heart muscle cell differentiation and migration are driven by Ca2+-dependent intracellular signaling, the observed disruption of ventricular morphogenesis was likely a secondary (downstream) consequence of reduced calcium cycling and contractility in embryonic cardiomyocytes. We propose defective trabeculation as a promising phenotypic anchor for novel morphometric indicators of latent cardiac injury in oil-exposed herring, including an abnormal persistence of cardiac jelly in the ventricle wall and cardiomyocyte hyperproliferation. At a corresponding molecular level, quantitative expression assays in the present study also support biomarker roles for genes known to be involved in muscle contractility (atp2a2, myl7, myh7), cardiomyocyte precursor fate (nkx2.5) and ventricular trabeculation (nrg2, and hbegfa). Overall, our findings reinforce both proximal and indirect roles for dysregulated intracellular calcium cycling in the canonical fish early life stage crude oil toxicity syndrome. More work on Ca2+-mediated cellular dynamics and transcription in developing cardiomyocytes is needed. Nevertheless, the highly specific actions of ΣPAC mixtures on the heart at low, parts-per-billion tissue concentrations directly contravene classical assumptions of baseline (i.e., non-specific) crude oil toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Incardona
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Tiffany L Linbo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Barbara L French
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James Cameron
- Earth Resources Technology, under contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Karen A Peck
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cathy A Laetz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mary Beth Hicks
- Oregon State University, Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Greg Hutchinson
- Oregon State University, Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, USA
| | - Sarah E Allan
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Response and Restoration, Anchorage, AK, USA
| | - Daryle T Boyd
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Seattle, WA, USA
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Bender ML, Giebichenstein J, Teisrud RN, Laurent J, Frantzen M, Meador JP, Sørensen L, Hansen BH, Reinardy HC, Laurel B, Nahrgang J. Combined effects of crude oil exposure and warming on eggs and larvae of an arctic forage fish. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8410. [PMID: 33863955 PMCID: PMC8052424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Climate change, along with environmental pollution, can act synergistically on an organism to amplify adverse effects of exposure. The Arctic is undergoing profound climatic change and an increase in human activity, resulting in a heightened risk of accidental oil spills. Embryos and larvae of polar cod (Boreogadus saida), a key Arctic forage fish species, were exposed to low levels of crude oil concurrently with a 2.3 °C increase in water temperature. Here we show synergistic adverse effects of increased temperature and crude oil exposure on early life stages documented by an increased prevalence of malformations and mortality in exposed larvae. The combined effects of these stressors were most prevalent in the first feeding larval stages despite embryonic exposure, highlighting potential long-term consequences of exposure for survival, growth, and reproduction. Our findings suggest that a warmer Arctic with greater human activity will adversely impact early life stages of this circumpolar forage fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Lizabeth Bender
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Julia Giebichenstein
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Ragnar N Teisrud
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jennifer Laurent
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - James P Meador
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, Washington, 98112, USA
| | - Lisbet Sørensen
- SINTEF Ocean, Environment and New Resources, 7465, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Helena C Reinardy
- Scottish Association for Marine Science, Oban, PA37 1QA, UK
- Department of Arctic Technology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway
| | - Benjamin Laurel
- Fisheries Behavioral Ecology Program, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Newport, OR, 97365, USA
| | - Jasmine Nahrgang
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, 9037, Tromsø, Norway
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31
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Ainerua MO, Tinwell J, Murphy R, Galli GLJ, van Dongen BE, White KN, Shiels HA. Prolonged phenanthrene exposure reduces cardiac function but fails to mount a significant oxidative stress response in the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 268:129297. [PMID: 33359987 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Crustaceans are important ecosystem bio-indicators but their response to pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) remains understudied, particularly in freshwater habitats. Here we investigated the effect of phenanthrene (at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg L-1), a 3-ringed PAH associated with petroleum-based aquatic pollution on survival, in vivo and in situ cardiac performance, the oxidative stress response and the tissue burden in the signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus). Non-invasive sensors were used to monitor heart rate during exposure. Phenanthrene reduced maximum attainable heart rate in the latter half (days 8-15) of the exposure period but had no impact on routine heart rate. At the end of the 15-day exposure period, the electrical activity of the semi-isolated in situ crayfish heart was assessed and significant prolongation of the QT interval of the electrocardiogram was observed. Enzyme pathways associated with oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and total oxyradical scavenging capacity) were also assessed after 15 days of phenanthrene exposure in gill, hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle; the results suggest limited induction of protective antioxidant pathways. Lastly, we report that 15 days exposure caused a dose-dependent increase in phenanthrene in hepatopancreas and heart tissues which was associated with reduced survivability. To our knowledge, this study is the first to provide such a thorough understanding of the impact of phenanthrene on a crustacean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Oshioriamhe Ainerua
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB, 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Jake Tinwell
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Rory Murphy
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Gina L J Galli
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Bart E van Dongen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering and Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Science. University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Keith N White
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9GB, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
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32
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Li X, Xiong D, Ju Z, Xiong Y, Ding G, Liao G. Phenotypic and transcriptomic consequences in zebrafish early-life stages following exposure to crude oil and chemical dispersant at sublethal concentrations. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 763:143053. [PMID: 33129528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To further understand the underlying mechanisms involved in the developmental toxicity of crude oil and chemically dispersed crude oil on fish early-life stages (ELS), zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were exposed to GM-2 chemical dispersant (DISP), low-energy water-accommodated fractions (LEWAF), and chemically enhanced WAF (CEWAF) of Merey crude oil at sublethal concentrations for 120 h. We employed the General Morphology Score (GMS) and General Teratogenic Score (GTS) systems in conjunction with high-throughput RNA-Seq analysis to evaluate the phenotypic and transcriptomic responses in zebrafish ELS. Results showed that ΣPAHs concentrations in LEWAF and CEWAF solutions were 507.63 ± 80.95 ng·L-1 and 4039.51 ± 241.26 ng·L-1, respectively. The GMS and GTS values indicated that CEWAF exposure caused more severe developmental delay and higher frequencies of teratogenic effects than LEWAF exposure. Moreover, no significant change in heart rate was observed in LEWAF treatment, while CEWAF exposure caused a significant reduction in heart rate. LEWAF and CEWAF exposure exhibited an overt change in eye area, with a reduction of 4.0% and 25.3% (relative to the control), respectively. Additionally, no obvious impact on phenotypic development was observed in zebrafish embryo-larvae following DISP exposure. Significant changes in gene expression were detected in LEWAF and CEWAF treatments, with a total of 957 and 2062 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), respectively, while DISP exposure altered only 91 DEGs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that LEWAF and CEWAF exposure caused significant perturbations in the pathways associated with phototransduction, retinol metabolism, metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450, and immune response-related pathways. Our results provide more valid evidence to corroborate the previous suggestion that ocular impairment is an equal or possibly more sensitive biomarker than cardiotoxicity in fish ELS exposed to oil-derived PAHs. All these findings could gain further mechanistic insights into the effects of crude oil and chemical dispersant on fish ELS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xishan Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Deqi Xiong
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Zhonglei Ju
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Yijun Xiong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA
| | - Guanghui Ding
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
| | - Guoxiang Liao
- National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China
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33
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Liu H, Cui H, Huang Y, Gao S, Tao S, Hu J, Wan Y. Xenobiotics Targeting Cardiolipin Metabolism to Promote Thrombosis in Zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:3855-3866. [PMID: 33629855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c08068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental pollutants is an important factor contributing to the development and severity of thrombosis. However, the important physiological molecules in the thrombotic processes affected by environmental exposures remain unknown. In this study, we show that exposure to environmental chemicals disrupts the equilibrium of cardiolipins (CLs), and directing CL synthesis promotes thrombosis. Using an untargeted metabolomics approach, approximately 3030 molecules were detected in zebrafish embryos exposed to 11 environmental chemicals and automatically clustered into a network. Interconnectivity among CLs and linoleates or isoxanthopterin was discovered through the highly consistent variations in the coregulated metabolites in the network. The chemical exposure resulted in significant upregulation of CLs through influencing the enzymatic activities of phospholipase A2, cardiolipin synthase, and lysocardiolipin acyltransferase. Consequently, metabolic disorders of CLs affected the levels of anticardiolipin antibodies, disrupted the homeostasis between platelet thromboxane A2 and endothelial prostacyclin, and promoted thrombotic events including heart ischemia and tachycardia. Our study thus reveals the common molecular mechanisms underlying the CL-induced thrombosis targeted by environmental exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Liu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hongyang Cui
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yixuan Huang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shixiong Gao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shu Tao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jianying Hu
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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34
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Sørhus E, Donald CE, da Silva D, Thorsen A, Karlsen Ø, Meier S. Untangling mechanisms of crude oil toxicity: Linking gene expression, morphology and PAHs at two developmental stages in a cold-water fish. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 757:143896. [PMID: 33316527 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Early life stages of fish are highly sensitive to crude oil exposure and thus, short term exposures during critical developmental periods could have detrimental consequences for juvenile survival. Here we administered crude oil to Atlantic haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) in short term (3-day) exposures at two developmental time periods: before first heartbeat, from gastrulation to cardiac cone stage (early), and from first heartbeat to one day before hatching (late). A frequent sampling regime enabled us to determine immediate PAH uptake, metabolite formation and gene expression changes. In general, the embryotoxic consequences of an oil exposure were more severe in the early exposure animals. Oil droplets on the eggshell resulted in severe cardiac and craniofacial abnormalities in the highest treatments. Gene expression changes of Cytochrome 1 a, b, c and d (cyp1a, b, c, d), Bone morphogenetic protein 10 (bmp10), ABC transporter b1 (abcb1) and Rh-associated G-protein (rhag) were linked to PAH uptake, occurrence of metabolites of phenanthrene and developmental and functional abnormalities. We detected circulation-independent, oil-induced gene expression changes and separated phenotypes linked to proliferation, growth and disruption of formation events at early and late developmental stages. Changes in bmp10 expression suggest a direct oil-induced effect on calcium homeostasis. Localized expression of rhag propose an impact on osmoregulation. Severe eye abnormalities were linked to possible inappropriate overexpression of cyp1b in the eyes. This study gives an increased knowledge about developmentally dependent effects of crude oil toxicity. Thus, our findings provide more knowledge and detail to new and several existing adverse outcome pathways of crude oil toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, Bergen, Norway.
| | | | - Denis da Silva
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center (NOAA), 2725 Montlake Blvd. East, Seattle, WA 98112-2097, USA
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35
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Everitt S, Fujita KK, MacPherson S, Brinkmann M, Pyle GG, Wiseman S. Toxicity of Weathered Sediment-Bound Dilbit to Early Life Stages of Zebrafish ( Danio rerio). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:1721-1729. [PMID: 33449613 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Due to high viscosity, bitumen extracted from the Alberta oil sands is diluted with natural gas condensates to form diluted bitumen (dilbit) to facilitate transport through pipelines. Dilbit that is spilled into or near a waterbody is subject to environmental weathering processes such as evaporation and interaction with sediments. This is the first study that assessed the toxicity of weathered sediment-bound dilbit (WSD) to fish early life stages. Exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to water-soluble fractions (WSFs) or water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of WSD from 30 min to 120 h postfertilization resulted in pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and incidences of uninflated swim bladder. The presence of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) in the WAFs greatly increased toxicity, despite all fractions having similar concentrations of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). There were greater cyp1a mRNA abundances in larvae exposed to WAFs, suggesting that there were differences in bioavailability of PAHs between fractions. However, there was little evidence that embryotoxicity was caused by oxidative stress. Results suggest that evaporation and sediment interaction do not completely attenuate toxicity of dilbit to zebrafish early life stages, and OMAs in exposures exacerbate toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Everitt
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Kaden K Fujita
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Stephanie MacPherson
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Markus Brinkmann
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
- School of Environment and Sustainability (SENS), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
- Global Institute for Water Security, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C8, Canada
| | - Gregory G Pyle
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
- Water Institute for Sustainable Environment, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Steve Wiseman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
- Water Institute for Sustainable Environment, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
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36
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Olivares-Rubio HF, Espinosa-Aguirre JJ. Acetylcholinesterase activity in fish species exposed to crude oil hydrocarbons: A review and new perspectives. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 264:128401. [PMID: 33059211 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil and its derivatives are primary energy resources for humans, and processes involving these materials could affect aquatic environments. Acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity is a suitable biomarker for exposure to organophosphate pesticides. Under controlled conditions, fish exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as benzo[a]pyrene, pyrene and anthracene, showed inhibition of this biomarker; however, PAHs with a low molecular weight did not induce changes or cause stimulation of AChE activity. Diverse responses of fish exposed to soluble fractions of crude oil, fuels or gasoline were documented. Most studies in which AChE activity was considered for environmental monitoring have been performed to evaluate the presence of pesticides, and the effects of petroleum hydrocarbons are unclear. The objective of this review was to provide the recent status of research on this topic and suggest proposals for future investigations. To establish the suitability of this biomarker in fish species exposed to these pollutants and to determine their neurotoxic effects, researchers must determinate the mechanism involved in the AChE inhibition by petroleum hydrocarbons, unify criteria concerning the experimental in vitro and in vivo designs and apply multivariate statistical and correlation analyses between these pollutants with AChE activity in field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo F Olivares-Rubio
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Jesús Javier Espinosa-Aguirre
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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37
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Kompella SN, Brette F, Hancox JC, Shiels HA. Phenanthrene impacts zebrafish cardiomyocyte excitability by inhibiting IKr and shortening action potential duration. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:e202012733. [PMID: 33475719 PMCID: PMC7829948 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is an environmental hazard that is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction. Phenanthrene is a three-ringed polyaromatic hydrocarbon that is a significant component of air pollution and crude oil and has been shown to cause cardiac dysfunction in marine fishes. We investigated the cardiotoxic effects of phenanthrene in zebrafish (Danio rerio), an animal model relevant to human cardiac electrophysiology, using whole-cell patch-clamp of ventricular cardiomyocytes. First, we show that phenanthrene significantly shortened action potential duration without altering resting membrane potential or upstroke velocity (dV/dt). L-type Ca2+ current was significantly decreased by phenanthrene, consistent with the decrease in action potential duration. Phenanthrene blocked the hERG orthologue (zfERG) native current, IKr, and accelerated IKr deactivation kinetics in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that phenanthrene significantly inhibits the protective IKr current envelope, elicited by a paired ventricular AP-like command waveform protocol. Phenanthrene had no effect on other IK. These findings demonstrate that exposure to phenanthrene shortens action potential duration, which may reduce refractoriness and increase susceptibility to certain arrhythmia triggers, such as premature ventricular contractions. These data also reveal a previously unrecognized mechanism of polyaromatic hydrocarbon cardiotoxicity on zfERG by accelerating deactivation and decreasing IKr protective current.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva N. Kompella
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fabien Brette
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique, Bordeaux, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire Liryc, Electrophysiology and Heart Modeling Institute, Fondation Bordeaux Université, Pessac-Bordeaux, France
| | - Jules C. Hancox
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Holly A. Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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38
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Allmon E, Serafin J, Chen S, Rodgers ML, Griffitt R, Bosker T, de Guise S, Sepúlveda MS. Effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and abiotic stressors on Fundulus grandis cardiac transcriptomics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142156. [PMID: 33207514 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill, extensive research has been conducted on the toxicity of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the aquatic environment. Many studies have identified the toxicological effects of PAHs in estuarine and marine fishes, however, only recently has work begun to identify the combinatorial effect of PAHs and abiotic environmental factors such as hypoxia, salinity, and temperature. This study aims to characterize the combined effects of abiotic stressors and PAH exposure on the cardiac transcriptomes of developing Fundulus grandis larvae. In this study, F. grandis larvae were exposed to varying environmental conditions (dissolved oxygen (DO) 2, 6 ppm; temperature 20, 30 °C; and salinity 3, 30 ppt) as well as to a single concentration of high energy water accommodated fraction (HEWAF) (∑PAHs 15 ppb). Whole larvae were sampled for RNA and transcriptional changes were quantified using RNA-Seq followed by qPCR for a set of target genes. Analysis revealed that exposure to oil and abiotic stressors impacts signaling pathways associated with cardiovascular function. Specifically, combined exposures appear to reduce development of the systemic vasculature as well as strongly impact the cardiac musculature through cardiomyocyte proliferation resulting in inhibited cardiac function and modulated blood pressure maintenance. Results of this study provide a holistic view of impacts of PAHs and common environmental stressors on the cardiac system in early life stage estuarine species. To our knowledge, this study is one of the first to simultaneously manipulate oil exposure with abiotic factors (DO, salinity, temperature) and the first to analyze cardiac transcriptional responses under these co-exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Allmon
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer Serafin
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shuai Chen
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Maria L Rodgers
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
| | - Robert Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, University of Southern Mississippi, Ocean Springs, MS 39564, USA
| | - Thijs Bosker
- Leiden University College and Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Anna van Buerenplein 301, 2595 DG The Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Sylvain de Guise
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Point61 North Eagleville Road, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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39
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Khursigara AJ, Johansen JL, Esbaugh AJ. The effects of acute crude oil exposure on growth and competition in red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:141804. [PMID: 32882563 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil is a well-known toxicant that reduces cardiorespiratory performance in acutely exposed fishes. While toxic effects can manifest in death in severe cases, the ecological consequences of sub-lethal exposure remain uncertain. This study investigated the impact of crude oil exposure on long-term social competition, growth, and metabolic performance in a coastal species, the red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus). Fish were acutely exposed to either control or one of two environmentally relevant oil concentrations and reared together in groups of 15 (5 from each exposure concentration) for eight weeks under resource-rich or resource-limited scenarios. Relative to controls, a 41.3% and 45.9% reduction in the specific growth rate was-observed following exposure to 25.3 and 53.4 μg l-1 ΣPAH respectively under resource-limited conditions. These fish were subsequently sampled for metabolic performance and common indicators of social subordination including reduced glucocorticoid receptors in the gill and caudal fin damage. The reduction in specific growth rate coincided with a 15.1% and 17.3% reduction in standard metabolic rate; however, maximum metabolic rate and aerobic scope were unaffected. Additionally, measures of social subordination showed no differences between oil-exposed and control fish. These results reinforce the hypothesis that acute oil exposure can have prolonged sub-lethal effects that compromise the ability of exposed individuals to perform effectively in their environment, including gathering and/or metabolizing food. Furthermore, this work highlights the premise that oil spills can be more detrimental in already at-risk ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis J Khursigara
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, United States of America.
| | - Jacob L Johansen
- University of Hawaii at Manoa, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, Kaneohe, HI, United States of America
| | - Andrew J Esbaugh
- The University of Texas at Austin Marine Science Institute, Port Aransas, TX, United States of America
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40
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Folkerts EJ, Goss GG, Blewett TA. Investigating the Potential Toxicity of Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback and Produced Water Spills to Aquatic Animals in Freshwater Environments: A North American Perspective. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 254:1-56. [PMID: 32318824 DOI: 10.1007/398_2020_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Unconventional methods of oil and natural gas extraction have been a growing part of North America's energy sector for the past 20-30 years. Technologies such as horizontal hydraulic fracturing have facilitated the exploitation of geologic reserves that were previously resistant to standard drilling approaches. However, the environmental risks associated with hydraulic fracturing are relatively understudied. One such hazard is the wastewater by-product of hydraulic fracturing processes: flowback and produced water (FPW). During FPW production, transport, and storage, there are many potential pathways for environmental exposure. In the current review, toxicological hazards associated with FPW surface water contamination events and potential effects on freshwater biota are assessed. This review contains an extensive survey of chemicals commonly associated with FPW samples from shale formations across North America and median 50% lethal concentration values (LC50) of corresponding chemicals for many freshwater organisms. We identify the characteristics of FPW which may have the greatest potential to be drivers of toxicity to freshwater organisms. Notably, components associated with salinity, the organic fraction, and metal species are reviewed. Additionally, we examine the current state of FPW production in North America and identify the most significant obstacles impeding proper risk assessment development when environmental contamination events of this wastewater occur. Findings within this study will serve to catalyze further work on areas currently lacking in FPW research, including expanded whole effluent testing, repeated and chronic FPW exposure studies, and toxicity identification evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Folkerts
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Greg G Goss
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tamzin A Blewett
- University of Alberta, Department of Biological Sciences, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Inhibition of the hERG potassium channel by phenanthrene: a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon pollutant. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7899-7914. [PMID: 34727194 PMCID: PMC8629796 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The lipophilic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) phenanthrene is relatively abundant in polluted air and water and can access and accumulate in human tissue. Phenanthrene has been reported to interact with cardiac ion channels in several fish species. This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of phenanthrene to interact with hERG (human Ether-à-go-go-Related Gene) encoded Kv11.1 K+ channels, which play a central role in human ventricular repolarization. Pharmacological inhibition of hERG can be proarrhythmic. Whole-cell patch clamp recordings of hERG current (IhERG) were made from HEK293 cells expressing wild-type (WT) and mutant hERG channels. WT IhERG1a was inhibited by phenanthrene with an IC50 of 17.6 ± 1.7 µM, whilst IhERG1a/1b exhibited an IC50 of 1.8 ± 0.3 µM. WT IhERG block showed marked voltage and time dependence, indicative of dependence of inhibition on channel gating. The inhibitory effect of phenanthrene was markedly impaired by the attenuated inactivation N588K mutation. Remarkably, mutations of S6 domain aromatic amino acids (Y652, F656) in the canonical drug binding site did not impair the inhibitory action of phenanthrene; the Y652A mutation augmented IhERG block. In contrast, the F557L (S5) and M651A (S6) mutations impaired the ability of phenanthrene to inhibit IhERG, as did the S624A mutation below the selectivity filter region. Computational docking using a cryo-EM derived hERG structure supported the mutagenesis data. Thus, phenanthrene acts as an inhibitor of the hERG K+ channel by directly interacting with the channel, binding to a distinct site in the channel pore domain.
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Abstract
Millions of tons of oil are spilled in aquatic environments every decade, and this oil has the potential to greatly impact fish populations. Here, we review available information on the physiological effects of oil and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on fish. Oil toxicity affects multiple biological systems, including cardiac function, cholesterol biosynthesis, peripheral and central nervous system function, the stress response, and osmoregulatory and acid-base balance processes. We propose that cholesterol depletion may be a significant contributor to impacts on cardiac, neuronal, and synaptic function as well as reduced cortisol production and release. Furthermore, it is possible that intracellular calcium homeostasis-a part of cardiotoxic and neuronal function that is affected by oil exposure-may be related to cholesterol depletion. A detailed understanding of oil impacts and affected physiological processes is emerging, but knowledge of their combined effects on fish in natural habitats is largely lacking. We identify key areas deserving attention in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA; ,
| | - Christina Pasparakis
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA; ,
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43
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Philibert DA, Lyons DD, Tierney KB. Early-life exposure to weathered, unweathered and dispersed oil has persisting effects on ecologically relevant behaviors in sheepshead minnow. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 205:111289. [PMID: 32949839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Deepwater Horizon oil spill released 3.19 million barrels of crude oil into the Gulf of Mexico, making it the largest oil spill in U.S. history. Weathering and the application of dispersants can alter the solubility of compounds within crude oil, thus modifying the acute toxicity of the crude oil to aquatic life. The primary aim of our study was to determine the lasting impact of early-life stage sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus variegatus) exposure to weathered, unweathered and dispersed crude oil on prey capture, male aggression, novel object interaction and global DNA methylation. Embryos were exposed from 1 to 10 dpf to water accommodations of crude oil and were raised to adulthood in artificial seawater. Our results suggest exposure to crude oil did not result in lasting impairment of complex behavioral responses of male sheepshead minnow. Exposure to dispersed weathered oil, however, decreased border dwelling in response to a novel object (i.e. decreased anxiety). Principal component analysis revealed that exposure to weathered oil had no overarching effect, but that unweathered crude oil increased variability in exploratory behaviors but decreased variability in anxiety-associated behaviors. Further work is needed to understand the effects of oil exposure on fish behavior and the potential ecological impact of subtle behavioral changes in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle A Philibert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada; Huntsman Marine Science Centre, St. Andrews, NB, E5B 2L7, Canada.
| | - Danielle D Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Keith B Tierney
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2E9, Canada
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44
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Harding LB, Tagal M, Ylitalo GM, Incardona JP, Davis JW, Scholz NL, McIntyre JK. Urban stormwater and crude oil injury pathways converge on the developing heart of a shore-spawning marine forage fish. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 229:105654. [PMID: 33161306 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Understanding how aquatic organisms respond to complex chemical mixtures remains one of the foremost challenges in modern ecotoxicology. Although oil spills are typically high-profile disasters that release hundreds or thousands of chemicals into the environment, there is growing evidence for a common adverse outcome pathway (AOP) for the vulnerable embryos and larvae of fish species that spawn in oiled habitats. Molecular initiating events involve the disruption of excitation-contraction coupling in individual cardiomyocytes, which then dysregulate the form and function of the embryonic heart. Phenanthrenes and other three-ring (tricyclic) polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are key drivers for this developmental cardiotoxicity and are also relatively enriched in land-based urban runoff. Similar to oil spills, stormwater discharged from roadways and other high-traffic impervious surfaces contains myriad contaminants, many of which are uncharacterized in terms of their chemical identity and toxicity to aquatic organisms. Nevertheless, given the exceptional sensitivity of the developing heart to tricyclic PAHs and the ubiquitous presence of these compounds in road runoff, cardiotoxicity may also be a dominant aspect of the stormwater-induced injury phenotype in fish early life stages. Here we assessed the effects of traffic-related runoff on the embryos and early larvae of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii), a marine forage fish that spawns along the coastline of western North America. We used the well-characterized central features of the oil toxicity AOP for herring embryos as benchmarks for a detailed analysis of embryolarval cardiotoxicity across a dilution gradient ranging from 12 to 50% stormwater diluted in clean seawater. These injury indicators included measures of circulatory function, ventricular area, heart chamber looping, and the contractility of both the atrium and the ventricle. We also determined tissue concentrations of phenanthrenes and other PAHs in herring embryos. We find that tricyclic PAHs are readily bioavailable during cardiogenesis, and that stormwater-induced toxicity is in many respects indistinguishable from canonical crude oil toxicity. Given the chemical complexity of urban runoff, non-tricyclic PAH-mediated mechanisms of developmental toxicity in fish remain likely. However, from the standpoint of managing wild herring populations, our results suggest that stormwater-driven threats to individual survival (both near-term and delayed mortality) can be understood from decades of past research on crude oil toxicity. Moreover, Pacific herring embryos are promising sentinels for water quality monitoring in nearshore marine habitats, as in situand sensitive indicators of both toxic runoff and the effectiveness of pollution reduction efforts such as green stormwater infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louisa B Harding
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, 2606 W. Pioneer Ave., Puyallup, WA, 98371, USA.
| | - Mark Tagal
- Lynker Technologies, Under Contract to Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA, 98112, USA
| | - Gina M Ylitalo
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - John P Incardona
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Jay W Davis
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Fish and Wildlife Office, 510 Desmond Dr. S.E., Lacey, WA 98503, USA
| | - Nathaniel L Scholz
- Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2725 Montlake Blvd. E., Seattle, WA 98112, USA
| | - Jenifer K McIntyre
- Washington State University, School of the Environment, Puyallup Research and Extension Center, 2606 W. Pioneer Ave., Puyallup, WA, 98371, USA.
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Folkerts EJ, Heuer RM, Flynn S, Stieglitz JD, Benetti DD, Alessi DS, Goss GG, Grosell M. Exposure to Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water Impairs Mahi-Mahi ( Coryphaena hippurus) Cardiomyocyte Contractile Function and Swimming Performance. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:13579-13589. [PMID: 33138383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c02719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Publicly available toxicological studies on wastewaters associated with unconventional oil and gas (UOG) activities in offshore regions are nonexistent. The current study investigated the impact of hydraulic fracturing-generated flowback water (HF-FW) on whole organism swimming performance/respiration and cardiomyocyte contractility dynamics in mahi-mahi (Coryphaena hippurus-hereafter referred to as "mahi"), an organism which inhabits marine ecosystems where offshore hydraulic fracturing activity is intensifying. Following exposure to 2.75% HF-FW for 24 h, mahi displayed significantly reduced critical swimming speeds (Ucrit) and aerobic scopes (reductions of ∼40 and 61%, respectively) compared to control fish. Additionally, cardiomyocyte exposures to the same HF-FW sample at 2% dilutions reduced a multitude of mahi sarcomere contraction properties at various stimulation frequencies compared to all other treatment groups, including an approximate 40% decrease in sarcomere contraction size and a nearly 50% reduction in sarcomere relaxation velocity compared to controls. An approximate 8-fold change in expression of the cardiac contractile regulatory gene cmlc2 was also seen in ventricles from 2.75% HF-FW-exposed mahi. These results collectively identify cardiac function as a target for HF-FW toxicity and provide some of the first published data on UOG toxicity in a marine species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Folkerts
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Rachael M Heuer
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Shannon Flynn
- School of Natural and Environmental Science, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, U.K
| | - John D Stieglitz
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Daniel D Benetti
- Department of Marine Ecosystems and Society, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Greg G Goss
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9, Canada
- National Research Council Nanotechnology Initiative, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2M9, Canada
| | - Martin Grosell
- Department of Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, United States
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Goodchild CG, Grisham K, Belden JB, DuRant SE. Effects of sublethal application of Deepwater Horizon oil to bird eggs on embryonic heart and metabolic rate. CONSERVATION BIOLOGY : THE JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY 2020; 34:1262-1270. [PMID: 32424950 DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Following large crude oil spills, oil from feathers of brooding birds and oiled nesting material can transfer to eggs, resulting in reduced embryonic viability for heavily oiled eggs. Eggs may also be subjected to trace or light oiling, but functional teratogenic effects from sublethal crude oil exposure have not been examined. We assessed whether sublethal application of weathered Deepwater Horizon crude oil to the eggshell surface alters heart rate and metabolic rate in Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) embryos. We first determined sublethal applications with a dosing experiment. Embryo viability for eggs exposed to 5 μL or more of crude oil decreased significantly. We conducted a second experiment to measure heart rate and metabolic rate (CO2 production) 5 and 9 d after 1 sublethal application of crude oil to eggshells on day 3 of incubation. One application of 1.0 or 2.5 µL of crude oil reduced embryonic heart rate and metabolic rate on day 12 of incubation. Using unfertilized eggs, we measured the transfer of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the eggshell surface to egg contents 9 d after a single application of sublethal crude oil. Our results suggest avian eggs externally exposed to small amounts of crude oil may exhibit protracted embryonic development and impaired postnatal cardiac performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G Goodchild
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, U.S.A
| | - Kevin Grisham
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, U.S.A
| | - Jason B Belden
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, U.S.A
| | - Sarah E DuRant
- Department of Integrative Biology, Oklahoma State University, 501 Life Sciences West, Stillwater, OK, 74078, U.S.A
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Arkansas, 601 Science and Engineering, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, U.S.A
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47
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Conn KE, Liedtke TL, Takesue RK, Dinicola RS. Legacy and current-use toxic contaminants in Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes personatus) from Puget Sound, Washington, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 158:111287. [PMID: 32753166 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Forage fish are primary prey for seabirds, fish and marine mammals. Contaminant transfer and biomagnification of the toxic compounds measured in this study likely contribute to elevated levels in Puget Sound, Washington, salmon and killer whale tissues that could be sufficiently high to elicit adverse effects and hamper population recovery efforts. Polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, chlorinated pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, alkylphenols, and chlorinated paraffins were detected in all Pacific sand lance tissue samples generally below available health effect levels. Residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon tissue concentrations near a former creosote site suggest ongoing contaminant exposure. Biomagnification calculations suggest that concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in some forage fish could result in predator tissue concentrations exceeding effect levels. The emerging contaminants alkylphenols and chlorinated paraffins are first reported here in Puget Sound forage fish, and their frequent detection, high production volumes and endocrine-disrupting properties highlight the need for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Conn
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America.
| | - T L Liedtke
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Fisheries Research Center, Columbia River Research Laboratory, 5501A Cook-Underwood Road, Cook, WA 98605, United States of America.
| | - R K Takesue
- U.S. Geological Survey, Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center, 2885 Mission Street, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, United States of America.
| | - R S Dinicola
- U.S. Geological Survey, Washington Water Science Center, 934 Broadway Suite 300, Tacoma, WA 98402, United States of America.
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48
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Jones ER, Simning D, Serafin J, Sepúlveda MS, Griffitt RJ. Acute exposure to oil induces age and species-specific transcriptional responses in embryo-larval estuarine fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 263:114325. [PMID: 32240905 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Because oil spills frequently occur in coastal regions that serve as spawning habitat, characterizing the effects of oil in estuarine fish carries both economic and environmental importance. There is a breadth of research investigating the effects of crude oil on fish, however few studies have addressed how transcriptional responses to oil change throughout development or how these responses might be conserved across taxa. To investigate these effects, we performed RNA-seq and pathway analysis following oil exposure 1) in a single estuarine species (Cyprinodon variegatus) at three developmental time points (embryos, yolk-sack larvae, free-feeding larvae), and 2) in two ecologically similar species (C. variegatus and Fundulus grandis), immediately post-hatch (yolk-sack stage). Our results indicate that C. variegatus embryos mount a diminished transcriptional response to oil compared to later stages, and that few transcriptional responses are conserved throughout development. Pathway analysis of larval C. variegatus revealed dysregulation of similar biological processes at later larval stages, including alteration of cholesterol biosynthesis pathways, cardiac development processes, and immune functions. Our cross-species comparison showed that F. grandis exhibited a reduced transcriptional response compared to C. variegatus. Pathway analysis revealed that the two species shared similar immune and cardiac responses, however pathways related to cholesterol biosynthesis exhibited a divergent response as they were activated in C. variegatus but inhibited in F. grandis. Our results suggest that examination of larval stages may provide a more sensitive estimate of oil-impacts than examination of embryos, and challenge assumptions that ecologically comparable species respond to oil similarly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Jones
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, United States; Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, United States.
| | - Danielle Simning
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, United States
| | - Jenifer Serafin
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, United States
| | - Maria S Sepúlveda
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, United States
| | - Robert J Griffitt
- Division of Coastal Sciences, School of Ocean Science and Engineering, The University of Southern Mississippi, United States
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49
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Marris CR, Kompella SN, Miller MR, Incardona JP, Brette F, Hancox JC, Sørhus E, Shiels HA. Polyaromatic hydrocarbons in pollution: a heart-breaking matter. J Physiol 2020; 598:227-247. [PMID: 31840250 PMCID: PMC7003748 DOI: 10.1113/jp278885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution is associated with detrimental effects on human health, including decreased cardiovascular function. However, the causative mechanisms behind these effects have yet to be fully elucidated. Here we review the current epidemiological, clinical and experimental evidence linking pollution with cardiovascular dysfunction. Our focus is on particulate matter (PM) and the associated low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as key mediators of cardiotoxicity. We begin by reviewing the growing epidemiological evidence linking air pollution to cardiovascular dysfunction in humans. We next address the pollution-based cardiotoxic mechanisms first identified in fish following the release of large quantities of PAHs into the marine environment from point oil spills (e.g. Deepwater Horizon). We finish by discussing the current state of mechanistic knowledge linking PM and PAH exposure to mammalian cardiovascular patho-physiologies such as atherosclerosis, cardiac hypertrophy, arrhythmias, contractile dysfunction and the underlying alterations in gene regulation. Our aim is to show conservation of toxicant pathways and cellular targets across vertebrate hearts to allow a broad framework of the global problem of cardiotoxic pollution to be established. AhR; Aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Dark lines indicate topics discussed in this review. Grey lines indicate topics reviewed elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Marris
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - S. N. Kompella
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - M. R. Miller
- BHF Centre for Cardiovascular ScienceQueens Medical Research InstituteThe University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - J. P. Incardona
- Environmental and Fisheries Sciences DivisionNorthwest Fisheries Science CenterNational Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationSeattleWA98112USA
| | - F. Brette
- INSERMCentre de Recherche Cardio‐Thoracique de BordeauxU1045BordeauxFrance
- Université de BordeauxCentre de Recherche Cardio‐ThoraciqueU1045BordeauxFrance
- IHU LirycElectrophysiology and Heart Modeling InstituteFondation Bordeaux UniversitéPessac‐BordeauxFrance
| | - J. C. Hancox
- School of PhysiologyPharmacology and NeuroscienceBristol Heart InstituteUniversity of BristolBristolBS2 8HWUK
| | - E. Sørhus
- Institute of Marine ResearchPO Box 1870 Nordes NO‐5871BergenNorway
| | - H. A. Shiels
- Division of Cardiovascular SciencesFaculty of Biology Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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50
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Ainerua MO, Tinwell J, Kompella SN, Sørhus E, White KN, van Dongen BE, Shiels HA. Understanding the cardiac toxicity of the anthropogenic pollutant phenanthrene on the freshwater indicator species, the brown trout (Salmo trutta): From whole heart to cardiomyocytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 239:124608. [PMID: 31499312 PMCID: PMC6857438 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater systems are faced with a myriad of stressors including geomorphological alterations, nutrient overloading and pollution. Previous studies in marine fish showed polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to be cardiotoxic. However, the cardiotoxicity of anthropogenic pollutants in freshwater fishes is unclear and has not been examined across multiple levels of cardiac organization. Here we investigated the effect of phenanthrene (Phe), a pervasive anthropogenic pollutant on a sentinel freshwater species, the brown trout (Salmo trutta). We first examined the electrical activity of the whole heart and found prolongation (∼8.6%) of the QT interval (time between ventricular depolarization and repolarization) of the electrocardiogram (ECG) and prolongation (∼13.2%) of the monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) following ascending doses of Phe. At the tissue level, Phe significantly reduced trabecular force generation by ∼24% at concentration 15 μM and above, suggesting Phe reduces cellular calcium cycling. This finding was supported by florescent microscopy showing a reduction (∼39%) in the intracellular calcium transient amplitude following Phe exposure in isolated brown trout ventricular myocytes. Single-cell electrophysiology was used to reveal the mechanism underlying contractile and electrical dysfunction following Phe exposure. A Phe-dependent reduction (∼38%) in the L-type Ca2+ current accounts, at least in part, for the lowered Ca2+ transient and force production. Prolongation of the MAPD and QT interval was explained by a reduction (∼70%) in the repolarising delayed rectifier K+ current following Phe exposure. Taken together, our study shows a direct impact of Phe across multiple levels of cardiac organization in a key freshwater salmonid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Oshioriamhe Ainerua
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom; Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Benin, PMB 1154, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Jake Tinwell
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Shiva Nag Kompella
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom
| | - Elin Sørhus
- Institute of Marine Research, P.O. Box 1870, Nordnes, NO-5817, Bergen, Norway
| | - Keith N White
- School of Earth Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9GB, United Kingdom
| | - Bart E van Dongen
- School of Earth Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Williamson Research Centre for Molecular Science, University of Manchester, Williamson Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - Holly A Shiels
- Cardiovascular Division, School of Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Core Technology Facility Building, Manchester, M13 9NT, United Kingdom.
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