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Munoz de Toro M, Fernandez-Pol S. Systematic literature review of published cases of reactive plasmacytosis in peripheral blood and bone marrow. J Clin Pathol 2024:jcp-2024-209513. [PMID: 39366734 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2024-209513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to summarise published cases of reactive plasmacytosis to provide a resource to aid haematopathologists and clinicians in the diagnostic workup of reactive plasmacytosis. METHODS We searched published articles on reactive plasmacytosis on PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar. Data were screened following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 guidelines. Cases were classified into six categories, namely: (1) infection, (2) angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), (3) other malignancies, (4) drug associated, (5) autoimmune diseases and (6) others. Plasma cell percentage in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow was tabulated. Descriptive statistics were reported as median with IQR, using JASP Team. RESULTS 87 articles which reported on 146 patients were included. Infectious diseases represented most cases associated with reactive plasmacytosis (n=46, 31% of all cases), with viral infections being the most frequent (n=31, 21% of all cases). AITL was the second most frequent aetiology (n=34, 23% of all cases), followed by medications (n=28, 19% of all cases), other malignancies (n=18, 12% of all cases), miscellaneous aetiologies (n=11, 7% of all cases) and autoimmune diseases (n=9, 6% of all cases). The absolute and relative levels of plasma cells in each diagnostic category showed marked variation and ranges largely overlapped between categories. CONCLUSIONS In patients with an increase in the number and/or proportion of plasma cells in peripheral blood and/or bone marrow, clinical context and a broad differential diagnosis are necessary to direct further evaluation and arrive at a correct diagnosis. Our literature review suggests that evaluation for infectious causes and AITL may be of the greatest yield in many cases.
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2
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Niemetz L, Bodmer BS, Olal C, Escudero-Pérez B, Hoehn K, Bencsik A, Vickers MA, Rodríguez E, Oestereich L, Hoenen T, Muñoz-Fontela C. Ebola Virus Infection of Flt3-Dependent, Conventional Dendritic Cells and Antigen Cross-presentation Leads to High Levels of T-Cell Activation. J Infect Dis 2024:jiae441. [PMID: 39320066 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiae441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have described that Ebola virus (EBOV) infection of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (moDCs) inhibits dendritic cell (DC) maturation, resulting in poor T-cell activation. However, it is unknown how other DC subsets distinct from moDCs respond to EBOV infection. METHODS To better understand how DCs initiate T-cell activation during EBOV infection, we assessed the response of conventional mouse DCs (cDCs) to EBOV infection utilizing a recombinant EBOV expressing the model antigen ovalbumin. RESULTS In contrast to moDCs, mouse cDC2s and cDC1s were poorly infected with EBOV but were highly activated. DCs were able to prime CD8 T cells via cross-presentation of antigens obtained from cell debris of EBOV-infected cells. EBOV infection further enhanced DC cross-presentation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that EBOV infection of cDCs results in activation rather than inhibition, leading to high levels of T-cell activation. With that we propose a mechanistic explanation for the excess T-cell activation observed in human Ebola virus disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Niemetz
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg
| | - Bianca S Bodmer
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems
| | | | - Beatriz Escudero-Pérez
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | - Lisa Oestereich
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoenen
- Institute of Molecular Virology and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Borstel-Lübeck-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Mensah‐Bonsu M, Doss C, Gloster C, Muganda P. Gene expression analysis identifies hub genes and pathways distinguishing fatal from survivor outcomes of Ebola virus disease. FASEB Bioadv 2024; 6:298-310. [PMID: 39399477 PMCID: PMC11467745 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2024-00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Ebola virus poses a severe public health threat, yet understanding factors influencing disease outcomes remains incomplete. Our study aimed to identify critical pathways and hub genes associated with fatal and survivor Ebola disease outcomes. We analyzed differentially expressed hub genes (DEGs) between groups with fatal and survival outcomes, as well as a healthy control group. We conducted additional analysis to determine the functions and pathways associated with these DEGs. We found 13,198 DEGs in the fatal and 12,039 DEGs in the survival group compared to healthy controls, and 1873 DEGs in the acute fatal and survivor groups comparison. Upregulated DEGs in the comparison between the acute fatal and survivor groups were linked to ECM receptor interaction, complement and coagulation cascades, and PI3K-Akt signaling. Upregulated hub genes identified from the acute fatal and survivor comparison (FGB, C1QA, SERPINF2, PLAT, C9, SERPINE1, F3, VWF) were enriched in complement and coagulation cascades; the downregulated hub genes (IL1B, 1L17RE, XCL1, CXCL6, CCL4, CD8A, CD8B, CD3D) were associated with immune cell processes. Hub genes CCL2 and F2 were unique to fatal outcomes, while CXCL1, HIST1H4F, and IL1A were upregulated hub genes unique to survival outcomes compared to healthy controls. Our results demonstrate for the first time the association of EVD outcomes to specific hub genes and their associated pathways and biological processes. The identified hub genes and pathways could help better elucidate Ebola disease pathogenesis and contribute to the development of targeted interventions and personalized treatment for distinct EVD outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Mensah‐Bonsu
- Applied Science and TechnologyNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Christopher Doss
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Clay Gloster
- Department of Computer Systems TechnologyNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Perpetua Muganda
- Department of BiologyNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityGreensboroNorth CarolinaUSA
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4
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Dyer WB, Suzuki K, Levert A, Starr M, Lloyd AR, Zaunders JJ. Preservation of functionality, immunophenotype, and recovery of HIV RNA from PBMCs cryopreserved for more than 20 years. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1382711. [PMID: 39221258 PMCID: PMC11361978 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1382711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Many research laboratories have long-term repositories of cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which are costly to maintain but are of uncertain utility for immunological studies after decades in storage. This study investigated preservation of cell surface phenotypes and in-vitro functional capacity of PBMC from viraemic HIV+ patients and healthy seronegative control subjects, after more than 20 years of cryopreservation. Methods PBMC were assessed by 18-colour flow cytometry for major lymphocyte subsets within T, B, NK, and dendritic cells and monocytes. Markers of T-cell differentiation and activation were compared with original immunophenotyping performed in 1995/1996 on fresh blood at the time of collection. Functionality of PBMC was assessed by culture with influenza antigen or polyclonal T-cell activation, to measure upregulation of activation-induced CD25 and CD134 (OX40) on CD4 T cells and cytokine production at day 2, and proliferative CD25+ CD4 blasts at day 7. RNA was extracted from cultures containing proliferating CD4+ blast cells, and intracellular HIV RNA was measured using short amplicons for both the Double R and pol region pi code assays, whereas long 4-kbp amplicons were sequenced. Results All major lymphocyte and T-cell subpopulations were conserved after long-term cryostorage, except for decreased proportions of activated CD38+HLA-DR+ CD4 and CD8 T cells in PBMC from HIV+ patients. Otherwise, differences in T-cell subpopulations between recent and long-term cryopreserved PBMC primarily reflected donor age-associated or HIV infection-associated effects on phenotypes. Proportions of naïve, memory, and effector subsets of T cells from thawed PBMC correlated with results from the original flow cytometric analysis of respective fresh blood samples. Antigen-specific and polyclonal T-cell responses were readily detected in cryopreserved PBMC from HIV+ patients and healthy control donors. Intracellular HIV RNA quantitation by pi code assay correlated with original plasma viral RNA load results. Full-length intracellular and supernatant-derived amplicons were generated from 5/12 donors, and sequences were ≥80% wild-type, consistent with replication competence. Conclusions This unique study provides strong rationale and validity for using well-maintained biorepositories to support immunovirological research even decades after collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne B. Dyer
- Strategy & Growth, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- The Kirby Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kazuo Suzuki
- NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV, Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelique Levert
- NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV, Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mitchell Starr
- NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV, Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew R. Lloyd
- The Kirby Institute, University of NSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John J. Zaunders
- NSW State Reference Laboratory for HIV, Centre for Applied Medical Research, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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5
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Sobarzo A, Moné Y, Lang S, Gelkop S, Brangel P, Kuehne AI, McKendry RA, Mell JC, Ahmed A, Davis C, Dye JM, Lutwama JJ, Lobel L, Veas F, Ehrlich GD. Long-term Sudan Virus Ebola Survivors Maintain Multiple Antiviral Defense Mechanisms. J Infect Dis 2024; 230:426-437. [PMID: 38066574 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The critical issues of sustained memory immunity following ebolavirus disease among long-term survivors are still unclear. METHODS Here, we examine virus-specific immune and inflammatory responses following in vitro challengd in 12 Sudan virus (SUDV) long-term survivors from Uganda's 2000-2001 Gulu outbreak, 15 years after recovery. Total RNA from isolated SUDV-stimulated and unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells was extracted and analyzed. Matched serum samples were also collected to determine SUDV IgG levels and functionality. RESULTS We detected persistent humoral (58%, 7 of 12) and cellular (33%, 4 of 12) immune responses in SUDV long-term survivors and identified critical molecular mechanisms of innate and adaptive immunity. Gene expression in immune pathways, the interferon signaling system, antiviral defense response, and activation and regulation of T- and B-cell responses were observed. SUDV long-term survivors also maintained robust virus-specific IgG antibodies capable of polyfunctional responses, including neutralizing and innate Fc effector functions. CONCLUSIONS Data integration identified significant correlations among humoral and cellular immune responses and pinpointed a specific innate and adaptive gene expression signature associated with long-lasting immunity. This could help identify natural and vaccine correlates of protection against ebolavirus disease.
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MESH Headings
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola/virology
- Humans
- Ebolavirus/immunology
- Survivors
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Uganda/epidemiology
- Adult
- Female
- Male
- Immunoglobulin G/blood
- Immunoglobulin G/immunology
- Immunity, Innate
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Immunity, Humoral
- Middle Aged
- Immunity, Cellular
- Adaptive Immunity
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/blood
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Sobarzo
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
- The Pre-Clinical Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Yves Moné
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Genomic Core Facility, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Steven Lang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Genomic Core Facility, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sigal Gelkop
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Polina Brangel
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ana I Kuehne
- Viral Immunology Branch, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Rachel A McKendry
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joshua Chang Mell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Genomic Core Facility, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Azad Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Genomic Core Facility, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Claytus Davis
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - John M Dye
- Viral Immunology Branch, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Julius Julian Lutwama
- Department of Arbovirology, Emerging and Re-emerging Infection, Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Leslie Lobel
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Francisco Veas
- Molecular Comparative Immuno-Physiopathology Lab, French Institute of Research for Development Health Branch of UMR5151 and UMR Research Unit-Ministry of Defense, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Copernicus Integrated Solutions for Biosafety Risks, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier University Montpellier, France
| | - Garth D Ehrlich
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Genomic Sciences and Center for Advanced Microbial Processing, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Genomic Core Facility, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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6
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Niu Y, Liu Y, Huang L, Liu W, Cheng Q, Liu T, Ning Q, Chen T. Antiviral immunity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome: current understanding and implications for clinical treatment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1348836. [PMID: 38646523 PMCID: PMC11026560 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Dabie Banda virus (DBV), a tick-borne pathogen, was first identified in China in 2009 and causes profound symptoms including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and multi-organ dysfunction, which is known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). In the last decade, global incidence and mortality of SFTS increased significantly, especially in East Asia. Though previous studies provide understandings of clinical and immunological characteristics of SFTS development, comprehensive insight of antiviral immunity response is still lacking. Here, we intensively discuss the antiviral immune response after DBV infection by integrating previous ex- and in-vivo studies, including innate and adaptive immune responses, anti-viral immune responses and long-term immune characters. A comprehensive overview of potential immune targets for clinical trials is provided as well. However, development of novel strategies for improving the prognosis of the disease remains on challenge. The current review may shed light on the establishment of immunological interventions for the critical disease SFTS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Qin Ning
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonostic Infectious Disease, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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7
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Vujkovic A, Ha M, de Block T, van Petersen L, Brosius I, Theunissen C, van Ierssel SH, Bartholomeus E, Adriaensen W, Vanham G, Elias G, Van Damme P, Van Tendeloo V, Beutels P, van Frankenhuijsen M, Vlieghe E, Ogunjimi B, Laukens K, Meysman P, Vercauteren K. Diagnosing Viral Infections Through T-Cell Receptor Sequencing of Activated CD8+ T Cells. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:507-516. [PMID: 37787611 PMCID: PMC10873181 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell-based diagnostic tools identify pathogen exposure but lack differentiation between recent and historical exposures in acute infectious diseases. Here, T-cell receptor (TCR) RNA sequencing was performed on HLA-DR+/CD38+CD8+ T-cell subsets of hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30; 10 of whom had previously been exposed to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS-CoV-2]). CDR3α and CDR3β TCR regions were clustered separately before epitope specificity annotation using a database of SARS-CoV-2-associated CDR3α and CDR3β sequences corresponding to >1000 SARS-CoV-2 epitopes. The depth of the SARS-CoV-2-associated CDR3α/β sequences differentiated COVID-19 patients from the healthy controls with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.84 ± 0.10. Hence, annotating TCR sequences of activated CD8+ T cells can be used to diagnose an acute viral infection and discriminate it from historical exposure. In essence, this work presents a new paradigm for applying the T-cell repertoire to accomplish TCR-based diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Vujkovic
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - My Ha
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tessa de Block
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Lida van Petersen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Isabel Brosius
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Caroline Theunissen
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sabrina H van Ierssel
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Esther Bartholomeus
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Wim Adriaensen
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Guido Vanham
- Biomedical Department, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - George Elias
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Damme
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Viggo Van Tendeloo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Philippe Beutels
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | - Erika Vlieghe
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Benson Ogunjimi
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Antwerp Center for Translational Immunology and Virology (ACTIV), Antwerp, Belgium
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Modeling Infectious Diseases (CHERMID), University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, University of Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Paediatrics, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kris Laukens
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pieter Meysman
- Antwerp Unit for Data Analysis and Computation in Immunology and Sequencing (AUDACIS), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Adrem Data Lab, Department of Computer Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Koen Vercauteren
- Clinical Virology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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8
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Guito JC, Arnold CE, Schuh AJ, Amman BR, Sealy TK, Spengler JR, Harmon JR, Coleman-McCray JD, Sanchez-Lockhart M, Palacios GF, Towner JS, Prescott JB. Peripheral immune responses to filoviruses in a reservoir versus spillover hosts reveal transcriptional correlates of disease. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1306501. [PMID: 38259437 PMCID: PMC10800976 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1306501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Several filoviruses, including Marburg virus (MARV), cause severe disease in humans and nonhuman primates (NHPs). However, the Egyptian rousette bat (ERB, Rousettus aegyptiacus), the only known MARV reservoir, shows no overt illness upon natural or experimental infection, which, like other bat hosts of zoonoses, is due to well-adapted, likely species-specific immune features. Despite advances in understanding reservoir immune responses to filoviruses, ERB peripheral blood responses to MARV and how they compare to those of diseased filovirus-infected spillover hosts remain ill-defined. We thus conducted a longitudinal analysis of ERB blood gene responses during acute MARV infection. These data were then contrasted with a compilation of published primate blood response studies to elucidate gene correlates of filovirus protection versus disease. Our work expands on previous findings in MARV-infected ERBs by supporting both host resistance and disease tolerance mechanisms, offers insight into the peripheral immunocellular repertoire during infection, and provides the most direct known cross-examination between reservoir and spillover hosts of the most prevalently-regulated response genes, pathways and activities associated with differences in filovirus pathogenesis and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C. Guito
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Catherine E. Arnold
- Biological Defense Research Directorate, Naval Medical Research Center, Frederick, MD, United States
- RD-CBR, Research and Development Directorate, Chemical and Biological Technologies Directorate, Research Center of Excellence, Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Fort Belvoir, VA, United States
| | - Amy J. Schuh
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Brian R. Amman
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Tara K. Sealy
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Jessica R. Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joann D. Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mariano Sanchez-Lockhart
- Center for Genome Sciences, Molecular Biology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, MD, United States
| | - Gustavo F. Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan S. Towner
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Joseph B. Prescott
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States
- Center for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
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9
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Dobbs KR, Lobb A, Dent AE. Ebola virus disease in children: epidemiology, pathogenesis, management, and prevention. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:488-495. [PMID: 37903937 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
Ebola disease is a severe disease with extremely high case-fatality rates ranging from 28-100%. Observations made during the 2013-2016 West African epidemic improved our understanding of the clinical course of Ebola disease and accelerated the study of therapeutic and preventative strategies. The epidemic also highlighted the unique challenges associated with providing optimal care for children during Ebola disease outbreaks. In this review, we outline current understanding of Ebola disease epidemiology, pathogenesis, management, and prevention, highlighting data pertinent to the care of children. IMPACT: In this review, we summarize recent advancements in our understanding of Ebola disease epidemiology, clinical presentation, and therapeutic and preventative strategies. We highlight recent data pertinent to the care of children and pregnant women and identify research gaps for this important emerging viral infection in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine R Dobbs
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.
- UH Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Alyssa Lobb
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Arlene E Dent
- Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
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10
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Handel A, Miller JC, Ge Y, Fung ICH. If Long-Term Suppression is not Possible, how do we Minimize Mortality for Infectious Disease Outbreaks? Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2023; 17:e547. [PMID: 38037811 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2023.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE For any emerging pathogen, the preferred approach is to drive it to extinction with non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPI) or suppress its spread until effective drugs or vaccines are available. However, this might not always be possible. If containment is infeasible, the best people can hope for is pathogen transmission until population level immunity is achieved, with as little morbidity and mortality as possible. METHODS A simple computational model was used to explore how people should choose NPI in a non-containment scenario to minimize mortality if mortality risk differs by age. RESULTS Results show that strong NPI might be worse overall if they cannot be sustained compared to weaker NPI of the same duration. It was also shown that targeting NPI at different age groups can lead to similar reductions in the total number of infected, but can have strong differences regarding the reduction in mortality. CONCLUSIONS Strong NPI that can be sustained until drugs or vaccines become available are always preferred for preventing infection and mortality. However, if people encounter a worst-case scenario where interventions cannot be sustained, allowing some infections to occur in lower-risk groups might lead to an overall greater reduction in mortality than trying to protect everyone equally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Handel
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Joel C Miller
- School of Computing, Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Yang Ge
- School of Health Professions, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, USA
| | - Isaac Chun-Hai Fung
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Environmental Health Sciences, Jiann-Ping Hsu College of Public Health, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA, USA
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11
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Zhang W, Clemens EB, Kedzierski L, Chua BY, Mayo M, Lonzi C, Hinchcliff A, Rigas V, Middleton BF, Binks P, Rowntree LC, Allen LF, Tan HX, Petersen J, Chaurasia P, Krammer F, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ, Rossjohn J, Miller A, Lynar S, Nelson J, Nguyen THO, Davies J, Kedzierska K. Broad spectrum SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity in hospitalized First Nations peoples recovering from COVID-19. Immunol Cell Biol 2023; 101:964-974. [PMID: 37725525 PMCID: PMC10872797 DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Indigenous peoples globally are at increased risk of COVID-19-associated morbidity and mortality. However, data that describe immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection in Indigenous populations are lacking. We evaluated immune responses in Australian First Nations peoples hospitalized with COVID-19. Our work comprehensively mapped out inflammatory, humoral and adaptive immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients were recruited early following the lifting of strict public health measures in the Northern Territory, Australia, between November 2021 and May 2022. Australian First Nations peoples recovering from COVID-19 showed increased levels of MCP-1 and IL-8 cytokines, IgG-antibodies against Delta-RBD and memory SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses prior to hospital discharge in comparison with hospital admission, with resolution of hyperactivated HLA-DR+ CD38+ T cells. SARS-CoV-2 infection elicited coordinated ASC, Tfh and CD8+ T cell responses in concert with CD4+ T cell responses. Delta and Omicron RBD-IgG, as well as Ancestral N-IgG antibodies, strongly correlated with Ancestral RBD-IgG antibodies and Spike-specific memory B cells. We provide evidence of broad and robust immune responses following SARS-CoV-2 infection in Indigenous peoples, resembling those of non-Indigenous COVID-19 hospitalized patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuji Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lukasz Kedzierski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Mark Mayo
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
| | - Claire Lonzi
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
| | | | - Vanessa Rigas
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
| | | | - Paula Binks
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
| | - Louise C Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Lilith F Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jan Petersen
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Priyanka Chaurasia
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, 10029, USA
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Adrian Miller
- Indigenous Engagement, CQUniversity, Townsville, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - Sarah Lynar
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Jane Nelson
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Jane Davies
- Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, NT 0811, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Department, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, NT, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Center for Influenza Disease and Emergence Response (CIDER), Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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12
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Moll-Bernardes R, Ferreira JR, Schaustz EB, Sousa AS, Mattos JD, Tortelly MB, Pimentel AL, Figueiredo ACBS, Noya-Rabelo MM, Fortier S, Matos E Silva FA, Vera N, Conde L, Cabral-Castro MJ, Albuquerque DC, Rosado-de-Castro PH, Camargo GC, Pinheiro MVT, Freitas DOL, Pittella AM, Araújo JAM, Marques AC, Gouvêa EP, Terzi FVO, Zukowski CN, Gismondi RAOC, Bandeira BS, Oliveira RS, Abufaiad BEJ, Miranda JSS, Miranda LG, Souza OF, Bozza FA, Luiz RR, Medei E. New Insights on the Mechanisms of Myocardial Injury in Hypertensive Patients With COVID-19. J Clin Immunol 2023; 43:1496-1505. [PMID: 37294518 PMCID: PMC10250847 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Myocardial injury is common in hypertensive patients with 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Immune dysregulation could be associated to cardiac injury in these patients, but the underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. METHODS All patients were selected prospectively from a multicenter registry of adults hospitalized with confirmed COVID-19. Cases had hypertension and myocardial injury, defined by troponin levels above the 99th percentile upper reference limit, and controls were hypertensive patients with no myocardial injury. Biomarkers and immune cell subsets were quantified and compared between the two groups. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the associations of clinical and immune variables with myocardial injury. RESULTS The sample comprised 193 patients divided into two groups: 47 cases and 146 controls. Relative to controls, cases had lower total lymphocyte count, percentage of T lymphocytes, CD8+CD38+ mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), and percentage of CD8+ human leukocyte antigen DR isotope (HLA-DR)+ CD38-cells and higher percentage of natural killer lymphocytes, natural killer group 2A (NKG2A)+ MFI, percentage of CD8+CD38+cells, CD8+HLA-DR+MFI, CD8+NKG2A+MFI, and percentage of CD8+HLA-DR-CD38+cells. On multivariate regression, the CD8+HLA-DR+MFI, CD8+CD38+MFI, and total lymphocyte count were associated significantly with myocardial injury. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that lymphopenia, CD8+CD38+MFI, and CD8+HLA-DR+MFI are immune biomarkers of myocardial injury in hypertensive patients with COVID-19. The immune signature described here may aid in understanding the mechanisms underlying myocardial injury in these patients. The study data might open a new window for improvement in the treatment of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 and myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Moll-Bernardes
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Ferreira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Eduardo B Schaustz
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa S Sousa
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João D Mattos
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariana B Tortelly
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Adriana L Pimentel
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina B S Figueiredo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Marcia M Noya-Rabelo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
- Bahia School of Medicine and Public Health, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sergio Fortier
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavia A Matos E Silva
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Narendra Vera
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Conde
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mauro Jorge Cabral-Castro
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Denilson C Albuquerque
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology Department, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriel C Camargo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Martha V T Pinheiro
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniele O L Freitas
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana M Pittella
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Afonso M Araújo
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - André C Marques
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Elias P Gouvêa
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Flavia V O Terzi
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Cleverson N Zukowski
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo A O C Gismondi
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Bruno S Bandeira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Renée S Oliveira
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
- Internal Medicine Department, Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Barbara E J Abufaiad
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline S S Miranda
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Luiz Guilherme Miranda
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Olga F Souza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Cardiology and Internal Medicine Department, Rede D'Or São Luiz, Brazil
| | - Fernando A Bozza
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Disease, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronir R Luiz
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute for Studies in Public Health-IESC, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emiliano Medei
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rua Diniz Cordeiro, 30, 22281100, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- National Center for Structural Biology and Bioimaging, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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13
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Perez-Valencia LJ, Vannella KM, Ramos-Benitez MJ, Sun J, Abu-Asab M, Dorward DW, Awad KS, Platt A, Jacobson E, Kindrachuk J, Chertow DS. Ebola virus shed glycoprotein is toxic to human T, B, and natural killer lymphocytes. iScience 2023; 26:107323. [PMID: 37529105 PMCID: PMC10387567 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte depletion is a distinctive feature of Ebola virus (EBOV) disease. The ectodomain of EBOV glycoprotein (GP) is cleaved off the surface of infected cells into circulation as shed GP. To test the hypothesis that shed GP induces lymphocyte death, we cultured primary human B, NK, or T cells with shed GP in vitro. We found that shed GP dependably decreased B, NK, and T cell viability across donors. B and NK cells exhibited higher susceptibility than T cells. Continuous monitoring revealed shed GP began to kill B and NK cells by 4 h and T cells by 5 h. We also demonstrated that shed GP-induced lymphocyte death can be both caspase dependent and caspase independent. Our data are evidence that the cytotoxic effect of shed GP on lymphocytes may contribute to EBOV disease and highlight the need for further research to clarify mechanisms of shed GP-induced death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis J. Perez-Valencia
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kevin M. Vannella
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marcos J. Ramos-Benitez
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Junfeng Sun
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Mones Abu-Asab
- Section of Histopathology, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - David W. Dorward
- Microscopy Unit, Research Technology Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT 59840, USA
| | - Keytam S. Awad
- Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Andrew Platt
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Eliana Jacobson
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jason Kindrachuk
- Laboratory of Emerging Viruses, Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Daniel S. Chertow
- Emerging Pathogens Section, Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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14
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Welch SR, Spengler JR, Genzer SC, Coleman-McCray JD, Harmon JR, Sorvillo TE, Scholte FE, Rodriguez SE, O’Neal TJ, Ritter JM, Ficarra G, Davies KA, Kainulainen MH, Karaaslan E, Bergeron É, Goldsmith CS, Lo MK, Nichol ST, Montgomery JM, Spiropoulou CF. Single-dose mucosal replicon-particle vaccine protects against lethal Nipah virus infection up to 3 days after vaccination. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh4057. [PMID: 37540755 PMCID: PMC10403222 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh4057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Nipah virus (NiV) causes a highly lethal disease in humans who present with acute respiratory or neurological signs. No vaccines against NiV have been approved to date. Here, we report on the clinical impact of a novel NiV-derived nonspreading replicon particle lacking the fusion (F) protein gene (NiVΔF) as a vaccine in three small animal models of disease. A broad antibody response was detected that included immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgA subtypes with demonstrable Fc-mediated effector function targeting multiple viral antigens. Single-dose intranasal vaccination up to 3 days before challenge prevented clinical signs and reduced virus levels in hamsters and immunocompromised mice; decreases were seen in tissues and mucosal secretions, critically decreasing potential for virus transmission. This virus replicon particle system provides a vital tool to the field and demonstrates utility as a highly efficacious and safe vaccine candidate that can be administered parenterally or mucosally to protect against lethal Nipah disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Welch
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R. Spengler
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sarah C. Genzer
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - JoAnn D. Coleman-McCray
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jessica R. Harmon
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Teresa E. Sorvillo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Florine E. M. Scholte
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Sergio E. Rodriguez
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - T. Justin O’Neal
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jana M. Ritter
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Georgia Ficarra
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Katherine A. Davies
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Markus H. Kainulainen
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Elif Karaaslan
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Cynthia S. Goldsmith
- Infectious Disease Pathology Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Michael K. Lo
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Stuart T. Nichol
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Joel M. Montgomery
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Christina F. Spiropoulou
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
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15
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Letafati A, Salahi Ardekani O, Karami H, Soleimani M. Ebola virus disease: A narrative review. Microb Pathog 2023:106213. [PMID: 37355146 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD), which is also referred to as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a highly contagious and frequently lethal sickness caused by the Ebola virus. In 1976, the disease emerged in two simultaneous outbreaks in Sudan and the Democratic Republic of Congo. Subsequently, it has caused intermittent outbreaks in several African nations. The virus is primarily spread via direct contact with the bodily fluids of an infected individual or animal. EVD is distinguished by symptoms such as fever, fatigue, muscle pain, headache, and hemorrhage. The outbreak of EVD in West Africa in 2014-2016 emphasized the need for effective control and prevention measures. Despite advancements and the identification of new treatments for EVD, the primary approach to treatment continues to be centered around providing supportive care. Early detection and supportive care can enhance the likelihood of survival. This includes intravenous fluids, electrolyte replacement, and treatment of secondary infections. Experimental therapies, for instance, monoclonal antibodies and antiviral drugs, have shown promising results in animal studies and some clinical trials. Some African countries have implemented the use of vaccines developed for EVD, but their effectiveness and long-term safety are still being studied. This article provides an overview of the history, transmission, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, epidemiology, and Ebola coinfection, as well as highlights the ongoing research efforts to develop effective treatments and vaccines to combat this deadly virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Department of Bacteriology & Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Hassan Karami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mina Soleimani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran.
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16
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DeRogatis JM, Neubert EN, Viramontes KM, Henriquez ML, Nicholas DA, Tinoco R. Cell-Intrinsic CD38 Expression Sustains Exhausted CD8 + T Cells by Regulating Their Survival and Metabolism during Chronic Viral Infection. J Virol 2023; 97:e0022523. [PMID: 37039663 PMCID: PMC10134879 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00225-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic viral infections result in the differentiation of effector and exhausted T cells with functional and phenotypic differences that dictate whether the infection is cleared or progresses to chronicity. High CD38 expression has been observed on CD8+ T cells across various viral infections and tumors in patients, suggesting an important regulatory function for CD38 on responding T cells. Here, we show that CD38 expression was increased and sustained on exhausted CD8+ T cells following chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection, with lower levels observed on T cells from acute LCMV infection. We uncovered a cell-intrinsic role for CD38 expression in regulating the survival of effector and exhausted CD8+ T cells. We observed increased proliferation and function of Cd38-/- CD8+ progenitor exhausted T cells compared to those of wild-type (WT) cells. Furthermore, decreased oxidative phosphorylation and glycolytic potential were observed in Cd38-/- CD8+ T cells during chronic but not acute LCMV infection. Our studies reveal that CD38 has a dual cell-intrinsic function in CD8+ T cells, where it decreases proliferation and function yet supports their survival and metabolism. These findings show that CD38 is not only a marker of T cell activation but also has regulatory functions on effector and exhausted CD8+ T cells. IMPORTANCE Our study shows how CD38 expression is regulated on CD8+ T cells responding during acute and chronic viral infection. We observed higher CD38 levels on CD8+ T cells during chronic viral infection compared to levels during acute viral infection. Deleting CD38 had an important cell-intrinsic function in ensuring the survival of virus-specific CD8+ T cells throughout the course of viral infection. We found defective metabolism in Cd38-/- CD8+ T cells arising during chronic infection and changes in their progenitor T cell phenotype. Our studies revealed a dual cell-intrinsic role for CD38 in limiting proliferation and granzyme B production in virus-specific exhausted T cells while also promoting their survival. These data highlight new avenues for research into the mechanisms through which CD38 regulates the survival and metabolism of CD8+ T cell responses to viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M. DeRogatis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Emily N. Neubert
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Karla M. Viramontes
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Monique L. Henriquez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Dequina A. Nicholas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Roberto Tinoco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
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17
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Dong X, Tree J, Banadyga L, He S, Zhu W, Tipton T, Gouriet J, Qiu X, Elmore MJ, Hall Y, Carroll M, Hiscox JA. Linked Mutations in the Ebola Virus Polymerase Are Associated with Organ Specific Phenotypes. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0415422. [PMID: 36946725 PMCID: PMC10101120 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04154-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) causes a severe infection called Ebola virus disease (EVD). The pathogenesis of EBOV infection is complex, and outcome has been associated with a variety of immunological and cellular factors. Disease can result from several mechanisms, including direct organ and endothelial cell damage as a result of viral replication. During the2013 to 2016 Western Africa EBOV outbreak, several mutants emerged, with changes in the genes of nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein (GP), and the large (L) protein. Reverse genetic analysis has been used to investigate whether these mutations played any role in pathogenesis with mixed results depending on the experimental system used. Previous studies investigated the impact of three single nonsynonymous mutations (GP-A82V, NP-R111C, and L-D759G) on the fatality rate of mouse and ferret models and suggested that the L-D759G mutation decreased the virulence of EBOV. In this study, the effect of these three mutations was further evaluated by deep sequencing to determine viral population genetics and the host response in longitudinal samples of blood, liver, kidney, spleen, and lung tissues taken from the previous ferret model. The data indicated that the mutations were maintained in the different tissues, but the frequency of minor genomic mutations were different. In addition, compared to wild-type virus, the recombinant mutants had different within host effects, where the D759G (and accompanying Q986H) substitution in the L protein resulted in an upregulation of the immune response in the kidney, liver, spleen, and lungs. Together these studies provide insights into the biology of EBOV mutants both between and within hosts. IMPORTANCE Ebola virus infection can have dramatic effects on the human body which manifest in Ebola virus disease. The outcome of infection is either survival or death and in the former group with the potential of longer-term health consequences and persistent infection. Disease severity is undoubtedly associated with the host response, often with overt inflammatory responses correlated with poorer outcomes. The scale of the2013 to 2016 Western African Ebola virus outbreak revealed new aspects of viral biology. This included the emergence of mutants with potentially altered virulence. Biobanked tissue from ferret models of EBOV infected with different mutants that emerged in the Western Africa outbreak was used to investigate the effect of EBOV genomic variation in different tissues. Overall, the work provided insights into the population genetics of EBOV and showed that different organs in an animal model can respond differently to variants of EBOV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Dong
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Tree
- UK-Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Logan Banadyga
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Shihua He
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Wenjun Zhu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Tom Tipton
- UK-Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Jade Gouriet
- UK-Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Xiangguo Qiu
- Special Pathogens Program, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Yper Hall
- UK-Health Security Agency, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Miles Carroll
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julian A. Hiscox
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- Infectious Diseases Horizontal Technology Centre (ID HTC), A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
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18
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Asashima H, Mohanty S, Comi M, Ruff WE, Hoehn KB, Wong P, Klein J, Lucas C, Cohen I, Coffey S, Lele N, Greta L, Raddassi K, Chaudhary O, Unterman A, Emu B, Kleinstein SH, Montgomery RR, Iwasaki A, Dela Cruz CS, Kaminski N, Shaw AC, Hafler DA, Sumida TS. PD-1 highCXCR5 -CD4 + peripheral helper T cells promote CXCR3 + plasmablasts in human acute viral infection. Cell Rep 2023; 42:111895. [PMID: 36596303 PMCID: PMC9806868 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T cell-B cell interaction is the key immune response to protect the host from severe viral infection. However, how T cells support B cells to exert protective humoral immunity in humans is not well understood. Here, we use COVID-19 as a model of acute viral infections and analyze CD4+ T cell subsets associated with plasmablast expansion and clinical outcome. Peripheral helper T cells (Tph cells; denoted as PD-1highCXCR5-CD4+ T cells) are significantly increased, as are plasmablasts. Tph cells exhibit "B cell help" signatures and induce plasmablast differentiation in vitro. Interestingly, expanded plasmablasts show increased CXCR3 expression, which is positively correlated with higher frequency of activated Tph cells and better clinical outcome. Mechanistically, Tph cells help B cell differentiation and produce more interferon γ (IFNγ), which induces CXCR3 expression on plasmablasts. These results elucidate a role for Tph cells in regulating protective B cell response during acute viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Asashima
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Subhasis Mohanty
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michela Comi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - William E Ruff
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kenneth B Hoehn
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Patrick Wong
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jon Klein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carolina Lucas
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Inessa Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah Coffey
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nikhil Lele
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leissa Greta
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Khadir Raddassi
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Omkar Chaudhary
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Avraham Unterman
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Brinda Emu
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Steven H Kleinstein
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ruth R Montgomery
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Akiko Iwasaki
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Charles S Dela Cruz
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Albert C Shaw
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David A Hafler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tomokazu S Sumida
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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19
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Jayaprakash AD, Ronk AJ, Prasad AN, Covington MF, Stein KR, Schwarz TM, Hekmaty S, Fenton KA, Geisbert TW, Basler CF, Bukreyev A, Sachidanandam R. Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats. Viruses 2023; 15:350. [PMID: 36851566 PMCID: PMC9958679 DOI: 10.3390/v15020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Marburg and Ebola filoviruses cause a severe, often fatal, disease in humans and nonhuman primates but have only subclinical effects in bats, including Egyptian rousettes, which are a natural reservoir of Marburg virus. A fundamental question is why these viruses are highly pathogenic in humans but fail to cause disease in bats. To address this question, we infected one cohort of Egyptian rousette bats with Marburg virus and another cohort with Ebola virus and harvested multiple tissues for mRNA expression analysis. While virus transcripts were found primarily in the liver, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed coordinated changes across multiple tissues. Gene signatures in kidney and liver pointed at induction of vasodilation, reduction in coagulation, and changes in the regulation of iron metabolism. Signatures of immune response detected in spleen and liver indicated a robust anti-inflammatory state signified by macrophages in the M2 state and an active T cell response. The evolutionary divergence between bats and humans of many responsive genes might provide a framework for understanding the differing outcomes upon infection by filoviruses. In this study, we outline multiple interconnected pathways that respond to infection by MARV and EBOV, providing insights into the complexity of the mechanisms that enable bats to resist the disease caused by filoviral infections. The results have the potential to aid in the development of new strategies to effectively mitigate and treat the disease caused by these viruses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J. Ronk
- Department of Pathology, the University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Abhishek N. Prasad
- Department of Pathology, the University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Kathryn R. Stein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Toni M. Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saboor Hekmaty
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karla A. Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, the University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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20
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Widerspick L, Steffen JF, Tappe D, Muñoz-Fontela C. Animal Model Alternatives in Filovirus and Bornavirus Research. Viruses 2023; 15:158. [PMID: 36680198 PMCID: PMC9863967 DOI: 10.3390/v15010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The order Mononegavirales contains a variety of highly pathogenic viruses that may infect humans, including the families Filoviridae, Bornaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, and Rhabodoviridae. Animal models have historically been important to study virus pathogenicity and to develop medical countermeasures. As these have inherent shortcomings, the rise of microphysiological systems and organoids able to recapitulate hallmarks of the diseases caused by these viruses may have enormous potential to add to or partially replace animal modeling in the future. Indeed, microphysiological systems and organoids are already used in the pharmaceutical R&D pipeline because they are prefigured to overcome the translational gap between model systems and clinical studies. Moreover, they may serve to alleviate ethical concerns related to animal research. In this review, we discuss the value of animal model alternatives in human pathogenic filovirus and bornavirus research. The current animal models and their limitations are presented followed by an overview of existing alternatives, such as organoids and microphysiological systems, which might help answering open research questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Widerspick
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Tappe
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- National Reference Center for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - César Muñoz-Fontela
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Riems, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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21
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Escudero-Pérez B, Lawrence P, Castillo-Olivares J. Immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Nipah virus infection. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1156758. [PMID: 37153606 PMCID: PMC10158532 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1156758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlates of protection (CoP) are biological parameters that predict a certain level of protection against an infectious disease. Well-established correlates of protection facilitate the development and licensing of vaccines by assessing protective efficacy without the need to expose clinical trial participants to the infectious agent against which the vaccine aims to protect. Despite the fact that viruses have many features in common, correlates of protection can vary considerably amongst the same virus family and even amongst a same virus depending on the infection phase that is under consideration. Moreover, the complex interplay between the various immune cell populations that interact during infection and the high degree of genetic variation of certain pathogens, renders the identification of immune correlates of protection difficult. Some emerging and re-emerging viruses of high consequence for public health such as SARS-CoV-2, Nipah virus (NiV) and Ebola virus (EBOV) are especially challenging with regards to the identification of CoP since these pathogens have been shown to dysregulate the immune response during infection. Whereas, virus neutralising antibodies and polyfunctional T-cell responses have been shown to correlate with certain levels of protection against SARS-CoV-2, EBOV and NiV, other effector mechanisms of immunity play important roles in shaping the immune response against these pathogens, which in turn might serve as alternative correlates of protection. This review describes the different components of the adaptive and innate immune system that are activated during SARS-CoV-2, EBOV and NiV infections and that may contribute to protection and virus clearance. Overall, we highlight the immune signatures that are associated with protection against these pathogens in humans and could be used as CoP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Escudero-Pérez
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus and Haemorrhagic Fever Reference and Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hamburg-Luebeck-Borstel-Reims, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, ; Javier Castillo-Olivares,
| | - Philip Lawrence
- CONFLUENCE: Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598), Université Catholique de Lyon (UCLy), Lyon, France
| | - Javier Castillo-Olivares
- Laboratory of Viral Zoonotics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Beatriz Escudero-Pérez, ; Javier Castillo-Olivares,
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22
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Duan R, Ni Q, Li Y, Zhu M, Li W, Wang P, Yuan K, von Hundelshausen P, Zhu J, Zhang L, Lv L. Lymphocytes, Mean Platelet Volume, and Albumin in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients with Venous Thromboembolism. Clin Appl Thromb Hemost 2023; 29:10760296231177676. [PMID: 37229645 DOI: 10.1177/10760296231177676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the frequent complications leading to poor prognosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, a better understanding of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in COVID-19 patients is needed. We conducted a single-center, retrospective study on 96 COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from April to June 2022, in Shanghai Renji Hospital. Records of these COVID-19 patients upon admission were reviewed for demographic information, co-morbidities, vaccinations, treatment, and laboratory tests. VTE occurred in 11 (11.5%) cases among 96 COVID-19 patients despite the standard thromboprophylaxis since ICU admission. In COVID-VTE patients, a significant increase in B cells and a decrease in Ts cells were observed and a strong negative correlation (r = -0.9524, P = .0003) was found between these two populations. In COVID-19 patients with VTE, increased MPV and decreased albumin levels were seen in addition to the common VTE indicators of D-dimer abnormalities. The altered lymphocyte composition in COVID-VTE patients is noteworthy. In addition to D-dimer, MPV and albumin levels might be novel indicators for the risk of VTE in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rundan Duan
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Qihong Ni
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinan Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mingli Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Philipp von Hundelshausen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - Jingpu Zhu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
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23
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Arish M, Qian W, Narasimhan H, Sun J. COVID-19 immunopathology: From acute diseases to chronic sequelae. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28122. [PMID: 36056655 PMCID: PMC9537925 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The clinical manifestation of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly targets the lung as a primary affected organ, which is also a critical site of immune cell activation by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, recent reports also suggest the involvement of extrapulmonary tissues in COVID-19 pathology. The interplay of both innate and adaptive immune responses is key to COVID-19 management. As a result, a robust innate immune response provides the first line of defense, concomitantly, adaptive immunity neutralizes the infection and builds memory for long-term protection. However, dysregulated immunity, both innate and adaptive, can skew towards immunopathology both in acute and chronic cases. Here we have summarized some of the recent findings that provide critical insight into the immunopathology caused by SARS-CoV-2, in acute and post-acute cases. Finally, we further discuss some of the immunomodulatory drugs in preclinical and clinical trials for dampening the immunopathology caused by COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Arish
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Wei Qian
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Harish Narasimhan
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jie Sun
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Division of Infectious Disease and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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24
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Cable J, Fauci A, Dowling WE, Günther S, Bente DA, Yadav PD, Madoff LC, Wang L, Arora RK, Van Kerkhove M, Chu MC, Jaenisch T, Epstein JH, Frost SDW, Bausch DG, Hensley LE, Bergeron É, Sitaras I, Gunn MD, Geisbert TW, Muñoz‐Fontela C, Krammer F, de Wit E, Nordenfelt P, Saphire EO, Gilbert SC, Corbett KS, Branco LM, Baize S, van Doremalen N, Krieger MA, Clemens SAC, Hesselink R, Hartman D. Lessons from the pandemic: Responding to emerging zoonotic viral diseases-a Keystone Symposia report. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1518:209-225. [PMID: 36183296 PMCID: PMC9538336 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caught the world largely unprepared, including scientific and policy communities. On April 10-13, 2022, researchers across academia, industry, government, and nonprofit organizations met at the Keystone symposium "Lessons from the Pandemic: Responding to Emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases" to discuss the successes and challenges of the COVID-19 pandemic and what lessons can be applied moving forward. Speakers focused on experiences not only from the COVID-19 pandemic but also from outbreaks of other pathogens, including the Ebola virus, Lassa virus, and Nipah virus. A general consensus was that investments made during the COVID-19 pandemic in infrastructure, collaborations, laboratory and manufacturing capacity, diagnostics, clinical trial networks, and regulatory enhancements-notably, in low-to-middle income countries-must be maintained and strengthened to enable quick, concerted responses to future threats, especially to zoonotic pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Fauci
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)National Institutes of Health (NIH)BethesdaMarylandUSA
| | | | - Stephan Günther
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection ResearchHamburgGermany
| | - Dennis A. Bente
- University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston National LaboratoryGalvestonTexasUSA
- Division of Biology and Biological EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Pragya Dhruv Yadav
- Indian Council of Medical Research‐National Institute of VirologyPuneIndia
| | - Lawrence C. Madoff
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Massachusetts Chan School of MedicineWorcesterMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Rahul K. Arora
- Department of Community Health SciencesUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryAlbertaCanada
- Institute of Biomedical EngineeringUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - May C. Chu
- Colorado School of Public HealthAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Colorado School of Public HealthAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | | | | | | | - Lisa E. Hensley
- Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia (PREVAIL)MonroviaLiberia
- Division of Clinical ResearchNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesBethesdaMarylandUSA
| | - Éric Bergeron
- Viral Special Pathogens Branch, Division of High‐Consequence Pathogens and PathologyCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Ioannis Sitaras
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and ImmunologyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Michael D. Gunn
- Department of MedicineDuke University Medical CenterDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- University of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
- Galveston National Laboratory and Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - César Muñoz‐Fontela
- Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and German Center for Infection ResearchHamburgGermany
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology and Department of PathologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthHamiltonMontanaUSA
| | - Pontus Nordenfelt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Infection Medicine, Faculty of MedicineLund UniversityLundSweden
| | - Erica Ollmann Saphire
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine ResearchLa Jolla Institute for ImmunologyLa JollaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Sarah C. Gilbert
- Pandemic Sciences Institute, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Kizzmekia S. Corbett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Sylvain Baize
- Unité de Biologie des Infections Virales EmergentesInstitut PasteurLyonFrance
- Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI)LyonFrance
- INSERM, Ecole Normale Supérieure de LyonUniversité de LyonLyonFrance
| | - Neeltje van Doremalen
- Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious DiseasesNational Institutes of HealthHamiltonMontanaUSA
| | - Marco A. Krieger
- Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas InstituteOswaldo Cruz Foundation ‐ ParanáCuritibaBrazil
- Integrated Translational Program in Chagas Disease from Fiocruz (Fio‐Chagas)Oswaldo Cruz Foundation ‐ Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Sue Ann Costa Clemens
- Oxford Vaccine GroupOxford UniversityOxfordUK
- Institute for Global HealthUniversity of SienaSienaItaly
| | - Renske Hesselink
- Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)OsloNorway
| | - Dan Hartman
- Bill & Melinda Gates FoundationSeattleWashingtonUSA
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Liechti T, Iftikhar Y, Mangino M, Beddall M, Goss CW, O’Halloran JA, Mudd PA, Roederer M. Immune phenotypes that are associated with subsequent COVID-19 severity inferred from post-recovery samples. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7255. [PMID: 36433939 PMCID: PMC9700777 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34638-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe COVID-19 causes profound immune perturbations, but pre-infection immune signatures contributing to severe COVID-19 remain unknown. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified strong associations between severe disease and several chemokine receptors and molecules from the type I interferon pathway. Here, we define immune signatures associated with severe COVID-19 using high-dimensional flow cytometry. We measure the cells of the peripheral immune system from individuals who recovered from mild, moderate, severe or critical COVID-19 and focused only on those immune signatures returning to steady-state. Individuals that suffered from severe COVID-19 show reduced frequencies of T cell, mucosal-associated invariant T cell (MAIT) and dendritic cell (DC) subsets and altered chemokine receptor expression on several subsets, such as reduced levels of CCR1 and CCR2 on monocyte subsets. Furthermore, we find reduced frequencies of type I interferon-producing plasmacytoid DCs and altered IFNAR2 expression on several myeloid cells in individuals recovered from severe COVID-19. Thus, these data identify potential immune mechanisms contributing to severe COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liechti
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Maryland, 20892 USA
| | - Yaser Iftikhar
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Maryland, 20892 USA
| | - Massimo Mangino
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College of London, London, UK ,grid.420545.20000 0004 0489 3985NIHR Biomedical Research Centre at Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, SE1 9RT UK
| | - Margaret Beddall
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Maryland, 20892 USA
| | - Charles W. Goss
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Jane A. O’Halloran
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO USA
| | - Philip A. Mudd
- grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Department of Emergency Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA ,grid.4367.60000 0001 2355 7002Center for Vaccines and Immunity to Microbial Pathogens, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Mario Roederer
- grid.419681.30000 0001 2164 9667ImmunoTechnology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Maryland, 20892 USA
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26
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Shafqat A, Omer MH, Ahmad O, Niaz M, Abdulkader HS, Shafqat S, Mushtaq AH, Shaik A, Elshaer AN, Kashir J, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. SARS-CoV-2 epitopes inform future vaccination strategies. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1041185. [PMID: 36505475 PMCID: PMC9732895 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1041185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
All currently approved COVID-19 vaccines utilize the spike protein as their immunogen. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOCs) contain mutations in the spike protein, enabling them to escape infection- and vaccination-induced immune responses to cause reinfection. New vaccines are hence being researched intensively. Studying SARS-CoV-2 epitopes is essential for vaccine design, as identifying targets of broadly neutralizing antibody responses and immunodominant T-cell epitopes reveal candidates for inclusion in next-generation COVID-19 vaccines. We summarize the major studies which have reported on SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T-cell epitopes thus far. These results suggest that a future of pan-coronavirus vaccines, which not only protect against SARS-CoV-2 but numerous other coronaviruses, may be possible. The T-cell epitopes of SARS-CoV-2 have gotten less attention than neutralizing antibody epitopes but may provide new strategies to control SARS-CoV-2 infection. T-cells target many SARS-CoV-2 antigens other than spike, recognizing numerous epitopes within these antigens, thereby limiting the chance of immune escape by VOCs that mainly possess spike protein mutations. Therefore, augmenting vaccination-induced T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 may provide adequate protection despite broad antibody escape by VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areez Shafqat
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Areez Shafqat,
| | - Mohamed H. Omer
- School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Omar Ahmad
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahnoor Niaz
- Medical College, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah Shaik
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Junaid Kashir
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alkattan
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Huda MN, Nurunnabi M. Potential Application of Exosomes in Vaccine Development and Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:2635-2671. [PMID: 35028802 PMCID: PMC8757927 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03143-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are cell-derived components composed of proteins, lipid, genetic information, cytokines, and growth factors. They play a vital role in immune modulation, cell-cell communication, and response to inflammation. Immune modulation has downstream effects on the regeneration of damaged tissue, promoting survival and repair of damaged resident cells, and promoting the tumor microenvironment via growth factors, antigens, and signaling molecules. On top of carrying biological messengers like mRNAs, miRNAs, fragmented DNA, disease antigens, and proteins, exosomes modulate internal cell environments that promote downstream cell signaling pathways to facilitate different disease progression and induce anti-tumoral effects. In this review, we have summarized how vaccines modulate our immune response in the context of cancer and infectious diseases and the potential of exosomes as vaccine delivery vehicles. Both pre-clinical and clinical studies show that exosomes play a decisive role in processes like angiogenesis, prognosis, tumor growth metastasis, stromal cell activation, intercellular communication, maintaining cellular and systematic homeostasis, and antigen-specific T- and B cell responses. This critical review summarizes the advancement of exosome based vaccine development and delivery, and this comprehensive review can be used as a valuable reference for the broader delivery science community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nurul Huda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA
- Enviromental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA
| | - Md Nurunnabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso School of Pharmacy, 1101 N. Campbell St, El Paso, TX, 79902, USA.
- Enviromental Science and Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968, USA.
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28
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Oyelade ON, Ezugwu AE. Immunity-based Ebola optimization search algorithm for minimization of feature extraction with reduction in digital mammography using CNN models. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17916. [PMID: 36289321 PMCID: PMC9606367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Feature classification in digital medical images like mammography presents an optimization problem which researchers often neglect. The use of a convolutional neural network (CNN) in feature extraction and classification has been widely reported in the literature to have achieved outstanding performance and acceptance in the disease detection procedure. However, little emphasis is placed on ensuring that only discriminant features extracted by the convolutional operations are passed on to the classifier, to avoid bottlenecking the classification operation. Unfortunately, since this has been left unaddressed, a subtle performance impairment has resulted from this omission. Therefore, this study is devoted to addressing these drawbacks using a metaheuristic algorithm to optimize the number of features extracted by the CNN, so that suggestive features are applied for the classification process. To achieve this, a new variant of the Ebola-based optimization algorithm is proposed, based on the population immunity concept and the use of a chaos mapping initialization strategy. The resulting algorithm, called the immunity-based Ebola optimization search algorithm (IEOSA), is applied to the optimization problem addressed in the study. The optimized features represent the output from the IEOSA, which receives the noisy and unfiltered detected features from the convolutional process as input. An exhaustive evaluation of the IEOSA was carried out using classical and IEEE CEC benchmarked functions. A comparative analysis of the performance of IEOSA is presented, with some recent optimization algorithms. The experimental result showed that IEOSA performed well on all the tested benchmark functions. Furthermore, IEOSA was then applied to solve the feature enhancement and selection problem in CNN for better prediction of breast cancer in digital mammography. The classification accuracy returned by the IEOSA method showed that the new approach improved the classification process on detected features when using CNN models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaide N Oyelade
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King Edward Avenue, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
| | - Absalom E Ezugwu
- School of Mathematics, Statistics, and Computer Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, King Edward Avenue, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Pietermaritzburg, 3201, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
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29
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Avatar Mice Underscore the Role of the T Cell-Dendritic Cell Crosstalk in Ebola Virus Disease and Reveal Mechanisms of Protection in Survivors. J Virol 2022; 96:e0057422. [PMID: 36073921 PMCID: PMC9517696 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00574-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a complex infectious disease characterized by high inflammation, multiorgan failure, the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses, and coagulation abnormalities. Evidence accumulated over the last 2 decades indicates that, during fatal EVD, the infection of antigen-presenting cells (APC) and the dysregulation of T cell immunity preclude a successful transition between innate and adaptive immunity, which constitutes a key disease checkpoint. In order to better understand the contribution of the APC-T cell crosstalk to EVD pathophysiology, we have developed avatar mice transplanted with human, donor-specific APCs and T cells. Here, we show that the transplantation of T cells and APCs from Ebola virus (EBOV)-naive individuals into avatar mice results in severe disease and death and that this phenotype is dependent on T cell receptor (TCR)-major histocompatibility complex (MCH) recognition. Conversely, avatar mice were rescued from death induced by EBOV infection after the transplantation of both T cells and plasma from EVD survivors. These results strongly suggest that protection from EBOV reinfection requires both cellular and humoral immune memory responses. IMPORTANCE The crosstalk between dendritic cells and T cells marks the transition between innate and adaptive immune responses, and it constitutes an important checkpoint in EVD. In this study, we present a mouse avatar model in which T cell and dendritic cell interactions from a specific donor can be studied during EVD. Our findings indicate that T cell receptor-major histocompatibility complex-mediated T cell-dendritic cell interactions are associated with disease severity, which mimics the main features of severe EVD in these mice. Resistance to an EBOV challenge in the model was achieved via the transplantation of both survivor T cells and plasma.
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30
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Rochman ND, Wolf YI, Koonin EV. Molecular adaptations during viral epidemics. EMBO Rep 2022; 23:e55393. [PMID: 35848484 PMCID: PMC9346483 DOI: 10.15252/embr.202255393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In 1977, the world witnessed both the eradication of smallpox and the beginning of the modern age of genomics. Over the following half-century, 7 epidemic viruses of international concern galvanized virologists across the globe and led to increasingly extensive virus genome sequencing. These sequencing efforts exerted over periods of rapid adaptation of viruses to new hosts, in particular, humans provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underpinning virus evolution. Investment in virus genome sequencing was dramatically increased by the unprecedented support for phylogenomic analyses during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this review, we attempt to piece together comprehensive molecular histories of the adaptation of variola virus, HIV-1 M, SARS, H1N1-SIV, MERS, Ebola, Zika, and SARS-CoV-2 to the human host. Disruption of genes involved in virus-host interaction in animal hosts, recombination including genome segment reassortment, and adaptive mutations leading to amino acid replacements in virus proteins involved in host receptor binding and membrane fusion are identified as the key factors in the evolution of epidemic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nash D Rochman
- National Center for Biotechnology InformationNational Library of MedicineBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Yuri I Wolf
- National Center for Biotechnology InformationNational Library of MedicineBethesdaMDUSA
| | - Eugene V Koonin
- National Center for Biotechnology InformationNational Library of MedicineBethesdaMDUSA
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31
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Ficenec SC, Grant DS, Sumah I, Alhasan F, Yillah MS, Brima J, Konuwa E, Gbakie MA, Kamara FK, Bond NG, Engel EJ, Shaffer JG, Fischer WA, Wohl DA, Emmett SD, Schieffelin JS. The prevalence of Post-Ebola Syndrome hearing loss, Sierra Leone. BMC Infect Dis 2022; 22:624. [PMID: 35850699 PMCID: PMC9290210 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07604-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, hearing loss is the second leading cause of disability, affecting approximately 18.7% of the world's population. However, the burden of hearing loss is unequally distributed, with the majority of affected individuals located in Asia or Sub-Saharan Africa. Following the 2014 West African Ebola Outbreak, disease survivors began to describe hearing loss as part of the constellation of symptoms known as Post-Ebola Syndrome. The goal of this study was to more fully characterize hearing loss among Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) survivors. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS EVD survivors and their household contacts were recruited (n = 1,12) from Eastern Sierra Leone. Each individual completed a symptom questionnaire, physical exam, and a two-step audiometry process measuring both air and bone conduction thresholds. In comparison to contacts, EVD survivors were more likely to have complaints or abnormal findings affecting every organ system. A significantly greater percentage of EVD survivors were found to have hearing loss in comparison to contacts (23% vs. 9%, p < 0.001). Additionally, survivors were more likely to have bilateral hearing loss of a mixed etiology. Logistic regression revealed that the presence of any symptoms of middle or inner ear (p < 0.001), eye (p = 0.005), psychiatric (p = 0.019), and nervous system (p = 0.037) increased the odds of developing hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE This study is the first to use an objective and standardized measurement to report hearing loss among EVD survivors in a clinically meaningful manner. In this study it was found that greater than 1/5th of EVD survivors develop hearing loss. The association between hearing impairment and symptoms affecting the eye and nervous system may indicate a similar mechanism of pathogenesis, which should be investigated further. Due to the quality of life and socioeconomic detriments associated with untreated hearing loss, a greater emphasis must be placed on understanding and mitigating hearing loss following survival to aid in economic recovery following infectious disease epidemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Ficenec
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Donald S Grant
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
- College of Medicine and Allied Health Sciences, University of Sierra Leone, Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - Ibrahim Sumah
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Foday Alhasan
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Mohamed S Yillah
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Jenneh Brima
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Edwin Konuwa
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Michael A Gbakie
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Fatima K Kamara
- Kenema Government Hospital, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Kenema, Sierra Leone
| | - Nell G Bond
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Emily J Engel
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Shaffer
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - William A Fischer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Diseases and Critical Care Medicine, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David A Wohl
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Susan D Emmett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - John S Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Infectious Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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32
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Dhanya CR, Shailaja A, Mary AS, Kandiyil SP, Savithri A, Lathakumari VS, Veettil JT, Vandanamthadathil JJ, Madhavan M. RNA Viruses, Pregnancy and Vaccination: Emerging Lessons from COVID-19 and Ebola Virus Disease. Pathogens 2022; 11:800. [PMID: 35890044 PMCID: PMC9322689 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11070800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic viruses with an RNA genome represent a challenge for global human health since they have the tremendous potential to develop into devastating pandemics/epidemics. The management of the recent COVID-19 pandemic was possible to a certain extent only because of the strong foundations laid by the research on previous viral outbreaks, especially Ebola Virus Disease (EVD). A clear understanding of the mechanisms of the host immune response generated upon viral infections is a prime requisite for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Hence, we present here a comparative study of alterations in immune response upon SARS-CoV-2 and Ebola virus infections that illustrate many common features. Vaccination and pregnancy are two important aspects that need to be studied from an immunological perspective. So, we summarize the outcomes and immune responses in vaccinated and pregnant individuals in the context of COVID-19 and EVD. Considering the significance of immunomodulatory approaches in combating both these diseases, we have also presented the state of the art of such therapeutics and prophylactics. Currently, several vaccines against these viruses have been approved or are under clinical trials in various parts of the world. Therefore, we also recapitulate the latest developments in these which would inspire researchers to look for possibilities of developing vaccines against many other RNA viruses. We hope that the similar aspects in COVID-19 and EVD open up new avenues for the development of pan-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aswathy Shailaja
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA;
| | - Aarcha Shanmugha Mary
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Central University of Tamil Nadu, Thiruvarur 610105, India;
| | | | - Ambili Savithri
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Narayana College, Kollam 691001, India;
| | | | | | | | - Maya Madhavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, India
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33
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Verstegen NJM, Hagen RR, van den Dijssel J, Kuijper LH, Kreher C, Ashhurst T, Kummer LYL, Steenhuis M, Duurland M, de Jongh R, de Jong N, van der Schoot CE, Bos AV, Mul E, Kedzierska K, van Dam KPJ, Stalman EW, Boekel L, Wolbink G, Tas SW, Killestein J, van Kempen ZLE, Wieske L, Kuijpers TW, Eftimov F, Rispens T, van Ham SM, ten Brinke A, van de Sandt CE. Immune dynamics in SARS-CoV-2 experienced immunosuppressed rheumatoid arthritis or multiple sclerosis patients vaccinated with mRNA-1273. eLife 2022; 11:e77969. [PMID: 35838348 PMCID: PMC9337853 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients affected by different types of autoimmune diseases, including common conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA), are often treated with immunosuppressants to suppress disease activity. It is not fully understood how the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific humoral and cellular immunity induced by infection and/or upon vaccination is affected by immunosuppressants. Methods The dynamics of cellular immune reactivation upon vaccination of SARS-CoV-2 experienced MS patients treated with the humanized anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody ocrelizumab (OCR) and RA patients treated with methotrexate (MTX) monotherapy were analyzed at great depth via high-dimensional flow cytometry of whole blood samples upon vaccination with the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA-1273 (Moderna) vaccine. Longitudinal B and T cell immune responses were compared to SARS-CoV-2 experienced healthy controls (HCs) before and 7 days after the first and second vaccination. Results OCR-treated MS patients exhibit a preserved recall response of CD8+ T central memory cells following first vaccination compared to HCs and a similar CD4+ circulating T follicular helper 1 and T helper 1 dynamics, whereas humoral and B cell responses were strongly impaired resulting in absence of SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immunity. MTX treatment significantly delayed antibody levels and B reactivation following the first vaccination, including sustained inhibition of overall reactivation marker dynamics of the responding CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. Conclusions Together, these findings indicate that SARS-CoV-2 experienced MS-OCR patients may still benefit from vaccination by inducing a broad CD8+ T cell response which has been associated with milder disease outcome. The delayed vaccine-induced IgG kinetics in RA-MTX patients indicate an increased risk after the first vaccination, which might require additional shielding or alternative strategies such as treatment interruptions in vulnerable patients. Funding This research project was supported by ZonMw (The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development, #10430072010007), the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement (#792532 and #860003), the European Commission (SUPPORT-E, #101015756) and by PPOC (#20_21 L2506), the NHMRC Leadership Investigator Grant (#1173871).
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels JM Verstegen
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Ruth R Hagen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Jet van den Dijssel
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Lisan H Kuijper
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Christine Kreher
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Thomas Ashhurst
- Sydney Cytometry Core Research Facility, Charles Perkins Centre, Centenary Institute, and The University of SydneySydneyAustralia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Laura YL Kummer
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Maurice Steenhuis
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Mariel Duurland
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Rivka de Jongh
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Nina de Jong
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - C Ellen van der Schoot
- Department of Experimental Immunohematology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner LaboratoryAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Amélie V Bos
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Erik Mul
- Department of Research Facilities, Sanquin ResearchAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
- Global Station for Zoonosis Control, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education (GI-CoRE), Hokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Koos PJ van Dam
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Eileen W Stalman
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Laura Boekel
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Gertjan Wolbink
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Rheumatology, Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and immunology Center, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Joep Killestein
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of NeurologyAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Zoé LE van Kempen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Department of NeurologyAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Luuk Wieske
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, St Antonius HospitalNieuwegeinNetherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Disease, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Theo Rispens
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - S Marieke van Ham
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Anja ten Brinke
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Carolien E van de Sandt
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
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Silveira CGT, Magnani DM, Costa PR, Avelino-Silva VI, Ricciardi MJ, Timenetsky MDCST, Goulart R, Correia CA, Marmorato MP, Ferrari L, Nakagawa ZB, Tomiyama C, Tomiyama H, Kalil J, Palacios R, Precioso AR, Watkins DI, Kallás EG. Plasmablast Expansion Following the Tetravalent, Live-Attenuated Dengue Vaccine Butantan-DV in DENV-Naïve and DENV-Exposed Individuals in a Brazilian Cohort. Front Immunol 2022; 13:908398. [PMID: 35837409 PMCID: PMC9274664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective vaccine against the dengue virus (DENV) should induce a balanced, long-lasting antibody (Ab) response against all four viral serotypes. The burst of plasmablasts in the peripheral blood after vaccination may reflect enriched vaccine-specific Ab secreting cells. Here we characterize the acute plasmablast responses from naïve and DENV-exposed individuals following immunization with the live attenuated tetravalent (LAT) Butantan DENV vaccine (Butantan-DV). The frequency of circulating plasmablasts was determined by flow cytometric analysis of fresh whole blood specimens collected from 40 participants enrolled in the Phase II Butantan-DV clinical trial (NCT01696422) before and after (days 6, 12, 15 and 22) vaccination. We observed a peak in the number of circulating plasmablast at day 15 after vaccination in both the DENV naïve and the DENV-exposed vaccinees. DENV-exposed vaccinees experienced a significantly higher plasmablast expansion. In the DENV-naïve vaccinees, plasmablasts persisted for approximately three weeks longer than among DENV-exposed volunteers. Our findings indicate that the Butantan-DV can induce plasmablast responses in both DENV-naïve and DENV-exposed individuals and demonstrate the influence of pre-existing DENV immunity on Butantan DV-induced B-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia G. T. Silveira
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo M. Magnani
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Priscilla R. Costa
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian I. Avelino-Silva
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael J. Ricciardi
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Raphaella Goulart
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina A. Correia
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana P. Marmorato
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lilian Ferrari
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zelinda B. Nakagawa
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudia Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helena Tomiyama
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jorge Kalil
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Palacios
- Division of Clinical Trials and Pharmacovigilance, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexander R. Precioso
- Division of Clinical Trials and Pharmacovigilance, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Pediatrics Department, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David I. Watkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Esper G. Kallás
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
Ebola virus (EBV) disease (EVD) is a highly virulent systemic disease characterized by an aggressive systemic inflammatory response and impaired vascular and coagulation systems, often leading to uncontrolled hemorrhaging and death. In this study, the proteomes of 38 sequential plasma samples from 12 confirmed EVD patients were analyzed. Of these 12 cases, 9 patients received treatment with interferon beta 1a (IFN-β-1a), 8 survived EVD, and 4 died; 2 of these 4 fatalities had received IFN-β-1a. Our analytical strategy combined three platforms targeting different plasma subproteomes: a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based analysis of the classical plasma proteome, a protocol that combines the depletion of abundant plasma proteins and LC-MS to detect less abundant plasma proteins, and an antibody-based cytokine/chemokine multiplex assay. These complementary platforms provided comprehensive data on 1,000 host and viral proteins. Examination of the early plasma proteomes revealed protein signatures that differentiated between fatalities and survivors. Moreover, IFN-β-1a treatment was associated with a distinct protein signature. Next, we examined those proteins whose abundances reflected viral load measurements and the disease course: resolution or progression. Our data identified a prognostic 4-protein biomarker panel (histone H1-5, moesin, kininogen 1, and ribosomal protein L35 [RPL35]) that predicted EVD outcomes more accurately than the onset viral load. IMPORTANCE As evidenced by the 2013-2016 outbreak in West Africa, Ebola virus (EBV) disease (EVD) poses a major global health threat. In this study, we characterized the plasma proteomes of 12 individuals infected with EBV, using two different LC-MS-based proteomics platforms and an antibody-based multiplexed cytokine/chemokine assay. Clear differences were observed in the host proteome between individuals who survived and those who died, at both early and late stages of the disease. From our analysis, we derived a 4-protein prognostic biomarker panel that may help direct care. Given the ease of implementation, a panel of these 4 proteins or subsets thereof has the potential to be widely applied in an emergency setting in resource-limited regions.
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Ghaemi M, Shojafar M, Zabihinpour Z, Asgari Y. On the possibility of oscillating in the Ebola virus dynamics and investigating the effect of the lifetime of T lymphocytes. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265065. [PMID: 35275959 PMCID: PMC8916666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV) targets immune cells and tries to inactivate dendritic cells and interferon molecules to continue its replication process. Since EBOV detailed mechanism has not been identified so far, it would be useful to understand the growth and spread of EBOV dynamics based on mathematical methods and simulation approaches. Computational approaches such as Cellular Automata (CA) have the advantage of simplicity over solving complicated differential equations. The spread of Ebola virus in lymph nodes is studied using a simplified Cellular Automata model with only four parameters. In addition to considering healthy and infected cells, this paper also considers T lymphocytes as well as cell movement ability during the simulation in order to investigate different scenarios in the dynamics of an EBOV system. It is shown that the value of the probability of death of T cells affects the number of infected cells significantly in the steady-state. For a special case of parameters set, the system shows oscillating dynamics. The results were in good agreement with an ordinary differential equation-based model which indicated CA method in combination with experimental discoveries could help biologists find out more about the EBOV mechanism and hopefully to control the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrdad Ghaemi
- Department of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MG); (YA)
| | - Mina Shojafar
- Department of Chemistry, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zabihinpour
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Asgari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- * E-mail: (MG); (YA)
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Zebley CC, Akondy RS, Youngblood BA, Kissick HT. Defining the Molecular Hallmarks of T-Cell Memory. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a037804. [PMID: 34127444 PMCID: PMC8886980 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The pool of memory CD8 T cells is comprised of highly specialized subpopulations of cells with both shared and distinct functions. The ongoing study of T-cell memory is focused on how these different subpopulations arise, how the cells are maintained over the life of the host, and how the cells protect a host against reinfection. As a field we have used the convenience of a narrow range of surface markers to define and study these memory T-cell subsets. However, as we learn more about these cells, it is becoming clear that these broad definitions are insufficient to capture the complexity of the CD8 memory T-cell pool, and an updated definition of these cellular states are needed. Here, we discuss data that have recently arisen that highlight the difficulty in using surface markers to functionally characterize CD8 T-cell populations, and the possibility of using the epigenetic state of cells to more clearly define the functional capacity of CD8 memory T-cell subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Zebley
- Bone Marrow Transplant and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Rama S Akondy
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Benjamin A Youngblood
- Immunology Department, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105-3678, USA
| | - Haydn T Kissick
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
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Mapalagamage M, Weiskopf D, Sette A, De Silva AD. Current Understanding of the Role of T Cells in Chikungunya, Dengue and Zika Infections. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020242. [PMID: 35215836 PMCID: PMC8878350 DOI: 10.3390/v14020242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Arboviral infections such as Chikungunya (CHIKV), Dengue (DENV) and Zika (ZIKV) are a major disease burden in tropical and sub-tropical countries, and there are no effective vaccinations or therapeutic drugs available at this time. Understanding the role of the T cell response is very important when designing effective vaccines. Currently, comprehensive identification of T cell epitopes during a DENV infection shows that CD8 and CD4 T cells and their specific phenotypes play protective and pathogenic roles. The protective role of CD8 T cells in DENV is carried out through the killing of infected cells and the production of proinflammatory cytokines, as CD4 T cells enhance B cell and CD8 T cell activities. A limited number of studies attempted to identify the involvement of T cells in CHIKV and ZIKV infection. The identification of human immunodominant ZIKV viral epitopes responsive to specific T cells is scarce, and none have been identified for CHIKV. In CHIKV infection, CD8 T cells are activated during the acute phase in the lymph nodes/blood, and CD4 T cells are activated during the chronic phase in the joints/muscles. Studies on the role of T cells in ZIKV-neuropathogenesis are limited and need to be explored. Many studies have shown the modulating actions of T cells due to cross-reactivity between DENV-ZIKV co-infections and have repeated heterologous/homologous DENV infection, which is an important factor to consider when developing an effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheshi Mapalagamage
- Department of Zoology and Environment Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo 00700, Sri Lanka;
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Aruna Dharshan De Silva
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; (D.W.); (A.S.)
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, General Sir John Kotelawala Defence University, Colombo 10390, Sri Lanka
- Correspondence:
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Lasso G, Khan S, Allen SA, Mariano M, Florez C, Orner EP, Quiroz JA, Quevedo G, Massimi A, Hegde A, Wirchnianski AS, Bortz RH, Malonis RJ, Georgiev GI, Tong K, Herrera NG, Morano NC, Garforth SJ, Malaviya A, Khokhar A, Laudermilch E, Dieterle ME, Fels JM, Haslwanter D, Jangra RK, Barnhill J, Almo SC, Chandran K, Lai JR, Kelly L, Daily JP, Vergnolle O. Longitudinally monitored immune biomarkers predict the timing of COVID-19 outcomes. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009778. [PMID: 35041647 PMCID: PMC8812869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical outcome of SARS-CoV-2 infection varies widely between individuals. Machine learning models can support decision making in healthcare by assessing fatality risk in patients that do not yet show severe signs of COVID-19. Most predictive models rely on static demographic features and clinical values obtained upon hospitalization. However, time-dependent biomarkers associated with COVID-19 severity, such as antibody titers, can substantially contribute to the development of more accurate outcome models. Here we show that models trained on immune biomarkers, longitudinally monitored throughout hospitalization, predicted mortality and were more accurate than models based on demographic and clinical data upon hospital admission. Our best-performing predictive models were based on the temporal analysis of anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike IgG titers, white blood cell (WBC), neutrophil and lymphocyte counts. These biomarkers, together with C-reactive protein and blood urea nitrogen levels, were found to correlate with severity of disease and mortality in a time-dependent manner. Shapley additive explanations of our model revealed the higher predictive value of day post-symptom onset (PSO) as hospitalization progresses and showed how immune biomarkers contribute to predict mortality. In sum, we demonstrate that the kinetics of immune biomarkers can inform clinical models to serve as a powerful monitoring tool for predicting fatality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, underscoring the importance of contextualizing clinical parameters according to their time post-symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Lasso
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Saad Khan
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephanie A. Allen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Margarette Mariano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Catalina Florez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, United States of America
| | - Erika P. Orner
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jose A. Quiroz
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Gregory Quevedo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Aldo Massimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Aditi Hegde
- Eastchester High School, 2 Stewart Place, Eastchester, New York, United States of America
| | - Ariel S. Wirchnianski
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Bortz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ryan J. Malonis
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - George I. Georgiev
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Karen Tong
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Natalia G. Herrera
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicholas C. Morano
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Scott J. Garforth
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Avinash Malaviya
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ahmed Khokhar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Ethan Laudermilch
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - M. Eugenia Dieterle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - J. Maximilian Fels
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise Haslwanter
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Rohit K. Jangra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jason Barnhill
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, United States Military Academy at West Point, West Point, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Services, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Kartik Chandran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Lai
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Libusha Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Johanna P. Daily
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, United States of America
| | - Olivia Vergnolle
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, United States of America
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40
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Makris S, de Winde CM, Horsnell HL, Cantoral-Rebordinos JA, Finlay RE, Acton SE. Immune function and dysfunction are determined by lymphoid tissue efficacy. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049256. [PMID: 35072206 PMCID: PMC8807573 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid tissue returns to a steady state once each immune response is resolved, and although this occurs multiple times throughout life, its structural integrity and functionality remain unaffected. Stromal cells orchestrate cellular interactions within lymphoid tissue, and any changes to the microenvironment can have detrimental outcomes and drive disease. A breakdown in lymphoid tissue homeostasis can lead to a loss of tissue structure and function that can cause aberrant immune responses. This Review highlights recent advances in our understanding of lymphoid tissue function and remodelling in adaptive immunity and in disease states. We discuss the functional role of lymphoid tissue in disease progression and explore the changes to lymphoid tissue structure and function driven by infection, chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer. Understanding the role of lymphoid tissues in immune responses to a wide range of pathologies allows us to take a fuller systemic view of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spyridon Makris
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Charlotte M. de Winde
- Department for Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, location VUmc, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry L. Horsnell
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jesús A. Cantoral-Rebordinos
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rachel E. Finlay
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Sophie E. Acton
- Stromal Immunology Group, MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Rao D, O'Donnell KL, Carmody A, Weissman IL, Hasenkrug KJ, Marzi A. CD47 expression attenuates Ebola virus-induced immunopathology in mice. Antiviral Res 2022; 197:105226. [PMID: 34923028 PMCID: PMC8748401 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
It has been shown that a very early cell-intrinsic response to infection is the upregulation of CD47 cell surface expression, a molecule known for delivering a "don't eat me signal" that inhibits macrophage-mediated phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Thus, blockade of CD47 signaling during lymphocytic choriomenigitis virus infections of mice has been shown to enhance the kinetics and potency of immune responses, thereby producing faster recovery. It seems counterintuitive that one of the earliest responses to infection would be immunoinhibitory, but it has been hypothesized that CD47 induction acts as an innate immune system checkpoint to prevent immune overactivation and immunopathogenic responses during certain infections. In the current study we examined the effect of CD47 blockade on lethal Ebola virus infection of mice. At 6 days post-infection, CD47 blockade was associated with significantly increased activation of B cells along with increases in recently cytolytic CD8+ T cells. However, the anti-CD47-treated mice exhibited increased weight loss, higher virus titers, and succumbed more rapidly. The anti-CD47-treated mice also had increased inflammatory cytokines in the plasma indicative of a "cytokine storm". Thus, in the context of this rapid hemorrhagic disease, CD47 blockade indeed exacerbated immunopathology and disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepashri Rao
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Kyle L O'Donnell
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Aaron Carmody
- Research Technologies Branch, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Irving L Weissman
- Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine and the Ludwig Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kim J Hasenkrug
- Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
| | - Andrea Marzi
- Laboratory of Virology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA.
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Belaid B, Lamara Mahammad L, Mihi B, Rahali SY, Djidjeli A, Larab Z, Berkani L, Berkane I, Sayah W, Merah F, Lazli NZ, Kheddouci L, Kadi A, Ouali M, Khellafi R, Mekideche D, Kheliouen A, Ayoub S, Hamidi RM, Derrar F, Gharnaout M, Allam I, Djidjik R. T cell counts and IL-6 concentration in blood of North African COVID-19 patients are two independent prognostic factors for severe disease and death. J Leukoc Biol 2022; 111:269-281. [PMID: 33527487 PMCID: PMC8014881 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4cova1020-703r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays a crucial role in the response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 with significant differences among patients. The study investigated the relationships between lymphocyte subsets, cytokines, and disease outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The measurements of peripheral blood lymphocytes subsets and cytokine levels were performed by flow cytometry for 57 COVID-19 patients. Patients were categorized into two groups according to the severity of the disease (nonsevere vs. severe). Total lymphocytes, T cells, CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells were decreased in COVID-19 patients and statistical differences were found among different severity of illness and survival states (P ˂ 0.01). The levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly higher in severe and death groups and negatively correlated with lymphocyte subsets counts. The percentages of Th17 in the peripheral blood of patients were higher than those of healthy controls whereas the percentages of Th2 were lower. For the severe cases, the area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of IL-6 was the largest among all the immune parameters (0.964; 95% confidence interval: 0.927-1.000, P < 0.0001). In addition, the preoperative IL-6 concentration of 77.38 pg/ml was the optimal cutoff value (sensitivity: 84.6%, specificity: 100%). Using multivariate logistic regression analysis and ROC curves, IL-6 > 106.44 pg/ml and CD8+ T cell counts <150 cells/μl were found to be associated with mortality. Measuring the immune parameters and defining a risk threshold can segregate patients who develop a severe disease from those with a mild pathology. The identification of these parameters may help clinicians to predict the outcome of the patients with high risk of unfavorable progress of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahim Belaid
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Lydia Lamara Mahammad
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Belgacem Mihi
- Center for Perinatal ResearchThe Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Sarah Yasmine Rahali
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Asma Djidjeli
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Zineb Larab
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Lilya Berkani
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Ismahane Berkane
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Wafa Sayah
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Fatma Merah
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Nouzha Zhor Lazli
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Lylia Kheddouci
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Ahmed Kadi
- Pneumology Department A, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Mourad Ouali
- Intensive Care Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Rachida Khellafi
- Pneumology Department B, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Dalila Mekideche
- Pneumology Department C, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Assia Kheliouen
- Pneumology Department A, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Soraya Ayoub
- Internal Medicine Department, Béni‐Messous, Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Réda Malek Hamidi
- Intensive Care Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Fawzi Derrar
- Virology Department, Institut Pasteur d'AlgérieUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Merzak Gharnaout
- Pneumology Department, Rouiba HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Ines Allam
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
| | - Réda Djidjik
- Immunology Department, Béni‐Messous Teaching HospitalUniversity of AlgiersAlgiersAlgeria
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Alterations in B Cell and Follicular T-Helper Cell Subsets in Patients with Acute COVID-19 and COVID-19 Convalescents. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 44:194-205. [PMID: 35723393 PMCID: PMC8929093 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Humoral immunity requires interaction between B cell and T follicular helper cells (Tfh) to produce effective immune response, but the data regarding a role of B cells and Tfh in SARS-CoV-2 defense are still sparse. Methods. Blood samples from patients with acute COVID-19 (n = 64), convalescents patients who had specific IgG to SARS-CoV-2 N-protein (n = 55), and healthy donors with no detectable antibodies to any SARS-CoV-2 proteins (HC, n = 44) were analyses by multicolor flow cytometry. Results. Patients with acute COVID-19 showed decreased levels of memory B cells subsets and increased proportion plasma cell precursors compared to HC and COVID-19 convalescent patients, whereas for the latter the elevated numbers of virgin naïve, Bm2′ and “Bm3+Bm4” was found if compared with HC. During acute COVID-19 CXCR3+CCR6− Tfh1-like cells were decreased and the levels of CXCR3−CCR6+ Tfh17-like were increased then in HC and convalescent patients. Finally, COVID-19 convalescent patients had increased levels of Tfh2-, Tfh17- and DP Tfh-like cells while comparing their amount with HC. Conclusions. Our data indicate that COVID-19 can impact the humoral immunity in the long-term.
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Diallo MSK, Ayouba A, Keita AK, Thaurignac G, Sow MS, Kpamou C, Barry TA, Msellati P, Etard JF, Peeters M, Ecochard R, Delaporte E, Toure A, Ayouba A, Baize S, Bangoura K, Barry A, Barry M, Cissé M, Cissé M, Delaporte E, Delfraissy JF, Delmas C, Desclaux A, Diallo SB, Diallo MS, Diallo MS, Étard JF, Etienne C, Faye O, Fofana I, Granouillac B, Izard S, Kassé D, Keita AK, Keita S, Koivogui L, Kpamou C, Lacarabaratz C, Leroy S, Marchal CL, Levy Y, Magassouba N, March L, Mendiboure V, Msellati P, Niane H, Peeters M, Pers YM, Raoul H, Sacko SL, Savané I, Sow MS, Taverne B, Touré A, Traoré FA, Traoré F, Youla Y, Yazdanpanah Y. Temporal evolution of the humoral antibody response after Ebola virus disease in Guinea: a 60-month observational prospective cohort study. THE LANCET MICROBE 2021; 2:e676-e684. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(21)00170-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Yamaoka S, Ebihara H. Pathogenicity and Virulence of Ebolaviruses with Species- and Variant-specificity. Virulence 2021; 12:885-901. [PMID: 33734027 PMCID: PMC7993122 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1898169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ebola virus (EBOV), belonging to the species Zaire ebolavirus in the genus Ebolavirus, causes a severe febrile illness in humans with case fatality rates (CFRs) up to 90%. While there have been six virus species classified, which each have a single type virus in the genus Ebolavirus, CFRs of ebolavirus infections vary among viruses belonging to each distinct species. In this review, we aim to define the ebolavirus species-specific virulence on the basis of currently available laboratory and experimental findings. In addition, this review will also cover the variant-specific virulence of EBOV by referring to the unique biological and pathogenic characteristics of EBOV variant Makona, a new EBOV variant isolated from the 2013-2016 EBOV disease outbreak in West Africa. A better definition of species-specific and variant-specific virulence of ebolaviruses will facilitate our comprehensive knowledge on genus Ebolavirus biology, leading to the development of therapeutics against well-focused pathogenic mechanisms of each Ebola disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoko Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
| | - Hideki Ebihara
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
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Aggarwal C, Saini K, Reddy ES, Singla M, Nayak K, Chawla YM, Maheshwari D, Singh P, Sharma P, Bhatnagar P, Kumar S, Gottimukkala K, Panda H, Gunisetty S, Davis CW, Kissick HT, Kabra SK, Lodha R, Medigeshi GR, Ahmed R, Murali-Krishna K, Chandele A. Immunophenotyping and Transcriptional Profiling of Human Plasmablasts in Dengue. J Virol 2021; 95:e0061021. [PMID: 34523972 PMCID: PMC8577383 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00610-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmablasts represent a specialized class of antibody-secreting effector B cells that transiently appear in blood circulation following infection or vaccination. The expansion of these cells generally tends to be massive in patients with systemic infections such as dengue or Ebola that cause hemorrhagic fever. To gain a detailed understanding of human plasmablast responses beyond antibody expression, here, we performed immunophenotyping and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of the plasmablasts from dengue febrile children in India. We found that plasmablasts expressed several adhesion molecules and chemokines or chemokine receptors that are involved in endothelial interactions or homing to inflamed tissues, including skin, mucosa, and intestine, and upregulated the expression of several cytokine genes that are involved in leukocyte extravasation and angiogenesis. These plasmablasts also upregulated the expression of receptors for several B-cell prosurvival cytokines that are known to be induced robustly in systemic viral infections such as dengue, some of which generally tend to be relatively higher in patients manifesting hemorrhage and/or shock than in patients with mild febrile infection. These findings improve our understanding of human plasmablast responses during the acute febrile phase of systemic dengue infection. IMPORTANCE Dengue is globally spreading, with over 100 million clinical cases annually, with symptoms ranging from mild self-limiting febrile illness to more severe and sometimes life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock, especially among children. The pathophysiology of dengue is complex and remains poorly understood despite many advances indicating a key role for antibody-dependent enhancement of infection. While serum antibodies have been extensively studied, the characteristics of the early cellular factories responsible for antibody production, i.e., plasmablasts, are only beginning to emerge. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the transcriptional profiles of human plasmablasts from dengue patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charu Aggarwal
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Keshav Saini
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Elluri Seetharami Reddy
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohit Singla
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Kaustuv Nayak
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Yadya M. Chawla
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Deepti Maheshwari
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Prabhat Singh
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Pragati Sharma
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Priya Bhatnagar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- TERI School of Advanced Studies, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamalvishnu Gottimukkala
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Harekrushna Panda
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sivaram Gunisetty
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carl W. Davis
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Haydn Thomas Kissick
- Department of Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sushil Kumar Kabra
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | - Rakesh Lodha
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Rafi Ahmed
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kaja Murali-Krishna
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Anmol Chandele
- ICGEB-Emory Vaccine Center, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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In Vitro Generation of Human Antibody-Secreting Cells Through the Stimulation of PBMCs with Dengue Virus Particles. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 34709646 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1879-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
The Dengue pathophysiology has had several aspects determined over the years. However, some points remain elusive, such as the metabolic factors that regulate the massive B cell differentiation into antibody-secreting cells observed in Dengue patients. In this chapter, we describe an in vitro method capable of mimicking this Dengue-induced cell expansion. More specifically, this approach allows dengue virus-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy individuals to enhance the frequency of phenotypical and functional antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) after 7 days of culture. A manuscript recently published by Bonezi and colleagues displays results generated through this methodology.
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48
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Vella LA, Rowley AH. Current Insights Into the Pathophysiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children. CURRENT PEDIATRICS REPORTS 2021; 9:83-92. [PMID: 34692237 PMCID: PMC8524214 DOI: 10.1007/s40124-021-00257-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review We highlight the new clinical entity multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), the progress in understanding its immunopathogenesis, and compare and contrast the clinical and immunologic features of MIS-C with Kawasaki disease (KD). Recent Findings Studies show immune dysregulation in MIS-C including T lymphocyte depletion and activation, T cell receptor Vbeta skewing, elevated plasmablast frequencies, increased markers of vascular pathology, and decreased numbers and functional profiles of antigen-presenting cells. Summary MIS-C is a late manifestation of infection with SARS-CoV-2 associated with marked immune activation and many potential mechanisms of immunopathogenesis. MIS-C and KD have clinical similarities but are distinct. Myocardial dysfunction with or without mild coronary artery dilation can occur in MIS-C but generally corrects within weeks. In contrast, the coronary arteries are the primary target in KD, and coronary artery sequelae can be lifelong. Supportive care and anti-inflammatory therapy appear to hasten improvement in children with MIS-C, and there is hope that vaccines will prevent its development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Vella
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA
| | - Anne H. Rowley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, The Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, 225 E Chicago Avenue, Box 20, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
- Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
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Du J, Wei L, Li G, Hua M, Sun Y, Wang D, Han K, Yan Y, Song C, Song R, Zhang H, Han J, Liu J, Kong Y. Persistent High Percentage of HLA-DR +CD38 high CD8 + T Cells Associated With Immune Disorder and Disease Severity of COVID-19. Front Immunol 2021; 12:735125. [PMID: 34567001 PMCID: PMC8458852 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.735125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has turned into a worldwide public health crisis and caused more than 100,000,000 severe cases. Progressive lymphopenia, especially in T cells, was a prominent clinical feature of severe COVID-19. Activated HLA-DR+CD38+ CD8+ T cells were enriched over a prolonged period from the lymphopenia patients who died from Ebola and influenza infection and in severe patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. However, the CD38+HLA-DR+ CD8+ T population was reported to play contradictory roles in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods A total of 42 COVID-19 patients, including 32 mild or moderate and 10 severe or critical cases, who received care at Beijing Ditan Hospital were recruited into this retrospective study. Blood samples were first collected within 3 days of the hospital admission and once every 3-7 days during hospitalization. The longitudinal flow cytometric data were examined during hospitalization. Moreover, we evaluated serum levels of 45 cytokines/chemokines/growth factors and 14 soluble checkpoints using Luminex multiplex assay longitudinally. Results We revealed that the HLA-DR+CD38+ CD8+ T population was heterogeneous, and could be divided into two subsets with distinct characteristics: HLA-DR+CD38dim and HLA-DR+CD38hi. We observed a persistent accumulation of HLA-DR+CD38hi CD8+ T cells in severe COVID-19 patients. These HLA-DR+CD38hi CD8+ T cells were in a state of overactivation and consequent dysregulation manifested by expression of multiple inhibitory and stimulatory checkpoints, higher apoptotic sensitivity, impaired killing potential, and more exhausted transcriptional regulation compared to HLA-DR+CD38dim CD8+ T cells. Moreover, the clinical and laboratory data supported that only HLA-DR+CD38hi CD8+ T cells were associated with systemic inflammation, tissue injury, and immune disorders of severe COVID-19 patients. Conclusions Our findings indicated that HLA-DR+CD38hi CD8+ T cells were correlated with disease severity of COVID-19 rather than HLA-DR+CD38dim population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Wei
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingxi Hua
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Intensive Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Clinical and Research Center of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kai Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yonghong Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Song
- Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junyan Han
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyuan Liu
- Intensive Care Medicine, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Borisevich GV, Kirillova SL, Shatokhina IV, Lebedev VN, Shagarova NV, Syromyatnikova SI, Andrus AF, Koval'chuk EA, Kirillov VB, Bespalov ML, Petrov AA, Koval'chuk AV, Pantyukhov VB, Kutayev DA, Borisevich SV, Kuznetsov SL. [Flow cytometry evaluation of the rhesus monkey cellular immunity following the Zaire ebolavirus (Filoviridae; Ebolavirus: Zaire ebolavirus) experimental infection]. Vopr Virusol 2021; 66:289-298. [PMID: 34545721 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The outbreaks of the Zaire ebolavirus (ZE) disease (ZED) that have arisen in the last decade determine the need to study the infection pathogenesis, the formation of specific immunity forming as well as the development of effective preventive and therapeutic means. All stages of fight against the ZED spread require the experimental infection in sensitive laboratory animals, which are rhesus monkeys in case of this disease .The aim of the study is to evaluate the rhesus monkey cellular immunity following the ZE experimental infection by the means of flow cytometry (cytofluorimetry). MATERIAL AND METHODS Male rhesus monkeys were intramuscularly infected by the dose of 15 LD50 (dose of the pathogen that causes 50% mortality of infected animals) of the ZE, the Zaire strain (ZEBOV). Levels of 18 peripheral blood lymphocyte populations of the animals before the ZE experimental infection and at the terminal stage of the disease were assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The certain changes in the levels of the lymphocyte populations were observed following infection, indicating simultaneous activation and suppression of the immune system during ZED. The increase in content was observed for T-lymphocytes, T-helper and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes expressing the corresponding markers of early activation. The decrease was recorded for T-lymphocytes and double-positive T-lymphocytes expressing corresponding markers of late activation, as well as natural killer cells expressing CD8 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION For the first time in the Russian Federation, the rhesus monkey cellular immunity before and after the ZE experimental infection was assessed using flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- G V Borisevich
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - S L Kirillova
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - I V Shatokhina
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - V N Lebedev
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - N V Shagarova
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - S I Syromyatnikova
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - A F Andrus
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - E A Koval'chuk
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - V B Kirillov
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | | | - A A Petrov
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - A V Koval'chuk
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - V B Pantyukhov
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - D A Kutayev
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - S V Borisevich
- FSBI «Central Scientific Research Institute No. 48» of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
| | - S L Kuznetsov
- Directorate of the Chief of the Radiation, Chemical, and Biological Defence Troops of the Armed Forces of the Ministry of Defence of the Russian Federation
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