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Mullis DM, Padilla-Lopez A, Wang H, Zhu Y, Elde S, Bonham SA, Yajima S, Kocher ON, Krieger M, Woo YJ. Stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha improves cardiac function in a novel diet-induced coronary atherosclerosis model, the SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR KO mouse. Atherosclerosis 2024; 395:117518. [PMID: 38627162 PMCID: PMC11254567 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2024.117518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There are a limited number of pharmacologic therapies for coronary artery disease, and few rodent models of occlusive coronary atherosclerosis and consequent myocardial infarction with which one can rapidly test new therapeutic approaches. Here, we characterize a novel, fertile, and easy-to-use HDL receptor (SR-B1)-based model of atherogenic diet-inducible, fatal coronary atherosclerosis, the SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR KO mouse. Additionally, we test intramyocardial injection of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 alpha (SDF-1α), a potent angiogenic cytokine, as a possible therapy to rescue cardiac function in this mouse. METHODS SR-B1ΔCT/LDLR KO mice were fed the Paigen diet or standard chow diet, and we determined the effects of the diets on cardiac function, histology, and survival. After two weeks of feeding either the Paigen diet (n = 24) or standard chow diet (n = 20), the mice received an intramyocardial injection of either SDF-1α or phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Cardiac function and angiogenesis were assessed two weeks later. RESULTS When six-week-old mice were fed the Paigen diet, they began to die as early as 19 days later and 50% had died by 38 days. None of the mice maintained on the standard chow diet died by day 72. Hearts from mice on the Paigen diet showed evidence of cardiomegaly, myocardial infarction, and occlusive coronary artery disease. For the five mice that survived until day 28 that underwent an intramyocardial injection of PBS on day 15, the average ejection fraction (EF) decreased significantly from day 14 (the day before injection, 52.1 ± 4.3%) to day 28 (13 days after the injection, 30.6 ± 6.8%) (paired t-test, n = 5, p = 0.0008). Of the 11 mice fed the Paigen diet and injected with SDF-1α on day 15, 8 (72.7%) survived to day 28. The average EF for these 8 mice increased significantly from 48.2 ± 7.2% on day 14 to63.6 ± 6.9% on day 28 (Paired t-test, n = 8, p = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS This new mouse model and treatment with the promising angiogenic cytokine SDF-1α may lead to new therapeutic approaches for ischemic heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Chemokine CXCL12/metabolism
- Chemokine CXCL12/genetics
- Disease Models, Animal
- Mice, Knockout
- Coronary Artery Disease
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/deficiency
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Male
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Diet, Atherogenic
- Mice
- Ventricular Function, Left
- Myocardium/pathology
- Myocardium/metabolism
- Diet, High-Fat
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Mullis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | | | - Hanjay Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yuanjia Zhu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Elde
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Spencer A Bonham
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shin Yajima
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Olivier N Kocher
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monty Krieger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, MA, USA
| | - Y Joseph Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
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2
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Ma Y, Fang Z, Zhang H, Qi Y, Mao Y, Zheng J. PDZK1 suppresses TNBC development and sensitizes TNBC cells to erlotinib via the EGFR pathway. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:199. [PMID: 38604999 PMCID: PMC11009252 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06502-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted drugs (erlotinib, etc.) are used to treat multiple types of tumours. EGFR is highly expressed in most triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. However, only a small proportion of TNBC patients benefit from EGFR-targeted drugs in clinical trials, and the resistance mechanism is unclear. Here, we found that PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1) is downregulated in erlotinib-resistant TNBC cells, suggesting that PDZK1 downregulation is related to erlotinib resistance in TNBC. PDZK1 binds to EGFR. Through this interaction, PDZK1 promotes EGFR degradation by enhancing the binding of EGFR to c-Cbl and inhibits EGFR phosphorylation by hindering EGFR dimerisation. We also found that PDZK1 is specifically downregulated in TNBC tissues and correlated with a poor prognosis in TNBC patients. In vitro and in vivo functional assays showed that PDZK1 suppressed TNBC development. Restoration of EGFR expression or kinase inhibitor treatment reversed the degree of cell malignancy induced by PDZK1 overexpression or knockdown, respectively. PDZK1 overexpression sensitised TNBC cells to erlotinib both in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, PDZK1 is a significant prognostic factor for TNBC and a potential molecular therapeutic target for reversing erlotinib resistance in TNBC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhen Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyu Fang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Hongning Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yijun Qi
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Yuke Mao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China
| | - Junfang Zheng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Cancer Invasion and Metastasis Research, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, 100069, Beijing, China.
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3
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Rosales C, Yelamanchili D, Gillard BK, Liu J, Gotto AM, Pownall HJ. Serum opacity factor rescues fertility among female Scarb1 -/- mice by reducing HDL-free cholesterol bioavailability. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100327. [PMID: 36596339 PMCID: PMC9932678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Human female infertility, 20% of which is idiopathic, is a public health problem for which better diagnostics and therapeutics are needed. A novel cause of infertility emerged from studies of female mice deficient in the HDL receptor gene (Scarb1). These mice are infertile and have high plasma HDL cholesterol (C) concentrations, due to elevated HDL-free cholesterol (FC), which transfers from HDL to all tissues. Previous studies have indicated that oral delivery of probucol, an HDL-lowering drug, to female Scarb1-/- mice reduces plasma HDL-C concentrations and rescues fertility. Additionally, serum opacity factor (SOF), a bacterial virulence factor, disrupts HDL structure, and bolus SOF injection into mice reduces plasma HDL-C concentrations. Here, we discovered that delivering SOF to female Scarb1-/- mice with an adeno-associated virus (AAVSOF) induces constitutive SOF expression, reduces HDL-FC concentrations, and rescues fertility while normalizing ovary morphology. Although AAVSOF did not alter ovary-FC content, the ovary-mol% FC correlated with plasma HDL-mol% FC in a fertility-dependent way. Therefore, reversing the abnormal plasma microenvironment of high plasma HDL-mol% FC in female Scarb1-/- mice rescues fertility. These data provide the rationale to search for similar mechanistic links between HDL-mol% FC and infertility and the rescue of fertility in women by reducing plasma HDL-mol% FC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Rosales
- Center for Bioenergetics and the Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Dedipya Yelamanchili
- Center for Bioenergetics and the Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Baiba K Gillard
- Center for Bioenergetics and the Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Center for Bioenergetics and the Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antonio M Gotto
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry J Pownall
- Center for Bioenergetics and the Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Weill Cornell Medicine, Department of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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4
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Arias A, Quiroz A, Santander N, Morselli E, Busso D. Implications of High-Density Cholesterol Metabolism for Oocyte Biology and Female Fertility. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:941539. [PMID: 36187480 PMCID: PMC9518216 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.941539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential component of animal cells. Different regulatory mechanisms converge to maintain adequate levels of this lipid because both its deficiency and excess are unfavorable. Low cell cholesterol content promotes its synthesis and uptake from circulating lipoproteins. In contrast, its excess induces the efflux to high-density lipoproteins (HDL) and their transport to the liver for excretion, a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. Different studies suggest that an abnormal HDL metabolism hinders female fertility. HDL are the only lipoproteins detected in substantial amounts in follicular fluid (FF), and their size and composition correlate with embryo quality. Oocytes obtain cholesterol from cumulus cells via gap junctions because they cannot synthesize cholesterol de novo and lack HDL receptors. Recent evidence has supported the possibility that FF HDL play a major role in taking up excess unesterified cholesterol (UC) from the oocyte. Indeed, genetically modified mouse models with disruptions in reverse cholesterol transport, some of which show excessive circulating UC levels, exhibit female infertility. Cholesterol accumulation can affect the egg´s viability, as reported in other cell types, and activate the plasma membrane structure and activity of membrane proteins. Indeed, in mice deficient for the HDL receptor Scavenger Class B Type I (SR-B1), excess circulating HDL cholesterol and UC accumulation in oocytes impairs meiosis arrest and hinders the developmental capacity of the egg. In other cells, the addition of cholesterol activates calcium channels and dysregulates cell death/survival signaling pathways, suggesting that these mechanisms may link altered HDL cholesterol metabolism and infertility. Although cholesterol, and lipids in general, are usually not evaluated in infertile patients, one study reported high circulating UC levels in women showing longer time to pregnancy as an outcome of fertility. Based on the evidence described above, we propose the existence of a well-regulated and largely unexplored system of cholesterol homeostasis controlling traffic between FF HDL and oocytes, with significant implications for female fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreina Arias
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alonso Quiroz
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Santander
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de O’Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Sciences, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Dolores Busso
- Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Reproduction, Research and Innovation Center, Program of Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Dolores Busso,
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5
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Strahlhofer-Augsten M, Schliefsteiner C, Cvitic S, George M, Lang-Olip I, Hirschmugl B, Marsche G, Lang U, Novakovic B, Saffery R, Desoye G, Wadsack C. The Distinct Role of the HDL Receptor SR-BI in Cholesterol Homeostasis of Human Placental Arterial and Venous Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105364. [PMID: 35628180 PMCID: PMC9141204 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As opposed to adults, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is the main cholesterol carrying lipoprotein in fetal circulation. The major HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), contributes to local cholesterol homeostasis. Arterial endothelial cells (ECA) from human placenta are enriched with cholesterol compared to venous endothelial cells (ECV). Moreover, umbilical venous and arterial plasma cholesterol levels differ markedly. We tested the hypothesis that the uptake of HDL-cholesteryl esters differs between ECA and ECV because of the differential expression of SR-BI. We aimed to identify the key regulators underlying these differences and the functional consequences. Immunohistochemistry was used for visualization of SR-BI in situ. ECA and ECV were isolated from the chorionic plate of human placenta and used for RT-qPCR, Western Blot, and HDL uptake assays with 3H- and 125I-labeled HDL. DNA was extracted for the methylation profiling of the SR-BI promoter. SR-BI regulation was studied by exposing ECA and ECV to differential oxygen concentrations or shear stress. Our results show elevated SR-BI expression and protein abundance in ECA compared to ECV in situ and in vitro. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that SR-BI is mainly expressed on the apical side of placental endothelial cells in situ, allowing interaction with mature HDL circulating in the fetal blood. This was functionally linked to a higher increase of selective cholesterol ester uptake from fetal HDL in ECA than in ECV, and resulted in increased cholesterol availability in ECA. SR-BI expression on ECV tended to decrease with shear stress, which, together with heterogeneous immunostaining, suggests that SR-BI expression is locally regulated in the placental vasculature. In addition, hypomethylation of several CpG sites within the SR-BI promoter region might contribute to differential expression of SR-BI between chorionic arteries and veins. Therefore, SR-BI contributes to a local cholesterol homeostasis in ECA and ECV of the human feto-placental vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Strahlhofer-Augsten
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
- BioBank Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Schliefsteiner
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Silvija Cvitic
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
- Research Unit of Analytical Mass Spectrometry, Cell Biology and Biochemistry of Inborn Errors of Metabolism, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Meekha George
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Ingrid Lang-Olip
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Divison of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Birgit Hirschmugl
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Otto Loewi Research Center, Division of Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Uwe Lang
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (B.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; (B.N.); (R.S.)
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
| | - Christian Wadsack
- Research Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (M.S.-A.); (C.S.); (S.C.); (B.H.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence:
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Abe RJ, Abe JI, Nguyen MTH, Olmsted-Davis EA, Mamun A, Banerjee P, Cooke JP, Fang L, Pownall H, Le NT. Free Cholesterol Bioavailability and Atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:323-336. [PMID: 35332444 PMCID: PMC9050774 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01011-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW As both a cholesterol acceptor and carrier in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is putatively atheroprotective. However, current pharmacological therapies to increase plasma HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) concentration have paradoxically failed to prevent or reduce atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Given that free cholesterol (FC) transfer between surfaces of lipoproteins and cells is reversible, excess plasma FC can be transferred to the cells of peripheral tissue sites resulting in atherosclerosis. Here, we summarize potential mechanisms contributing to this paradox and highlight the role of excess free cholesterol (FC) bioavailability in atherosclerosis vs. atheroprotection. RECENT FINDINGS Recent findings have established a complex relationship between HDL-c concentration and atherosclerosis. Systemic scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1) knock out (KO) mice exhibit with increased diet-induced atherosclerosis despite having an elevated plasma HDL-c concentration compared to wild type (WT) mice. The greater bioavailability of HDL-FC in SR-B1 vs. WT mice is associated with a higher FC content in multiple cell types and tissue sites. These results suggest that dysfunctional HDL with high FC bioavailability is atheroprone despite high HDL-c concentration. Past oversimplification of HDL-c involvement in cholesterol transport has led to the failures in HDL targeted therapy. Evidence suggests that FC-mediated functionality of HDL is of higher importance than its quantity; as a result, deciphering the regulatory mechanisms by which HDL-FC bioavailability can induce atherosclerosis can have far-reaching clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei J Abe
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jun-Ichi Abe
- Department of Cardiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Minh T H Nguyen
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- University of Science and Technology of Hanoi, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Abrar Mamun
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John P Cooke
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Longhou Fang
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Henry Pownall
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Center for Bioenergetics, Department of Medicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nhat-Tu Le
- Center for Cardiovascular Sciences, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, USA.
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Powers HR, Sahoo D. SR-B1's Next Top Model: Structural Perspectives on the Functions of the HDL Receptor. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2022; 24:277-288. [PMID: 35107765 PMCID: PMC8809234 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-022-01001-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The binding of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to its primary receptor, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), is critical for lowering plasma cholesterol levels and reducing cardiovascular disease risk. This review provides novel insights into how the structural elements of SR-B1 drive efficient function with an emphasis on bidirectional cholesterol transport. RECENT FINDINGS We have generated a new homology model of full-length human SR-B1 based on the recent resolution of the partial structures of other class B scavenger receptors. Interrogating this model against previously published observations allows us to generate structurally informed hypotheses about SR-B1's ability to mediate HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) transport. Furthermore, we provide a structural perspective as to why human variants of SR-B1 may result in impaired HDL-C clearance. A comprehensive understanding of SR-B1's structure-function relationships is critical to the development of therapeutic agents targeting SR-B1 and modulating cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley R. Powers
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA
| | - Daisy Sahoo
- grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA ,grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology & Molecular Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI USA ,grid.30760.320000 0001 2111 8460Cardiovascular Center, H4930 Health Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 W. Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226 USA
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Ding S, Qi W, Xu Q, Zhao T, Li X, Yin J, Zhang R, Huo C, Zhou L, Ye L. Relationships between di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate exposure and lipid metabolism in adolescents: Human data and experimental rat model analyses. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117570. [PMID: 34438493 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the incidence of lipid metabolism disorders in adolescents has gradually increased, and the effects of DEHP on lipid metabolism have received widespread attention. In this study, 463 adolescents aged 16-19 years were enrolled as subjects. This study analyzed the associations between the urinary levels of DEHP metabolites (MEHP, MEOHP, MEHHP, MECPP, MCMHP, and ∑DEHP) and BMI, WHR, WtHR, VAI, LAP, the plasma levels of lipids (TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C), and the peripheral blood leukocyte mRNA levels of SREBP-2, SR-BI, LDLR, and NR1H3. Animal experiments were performed to confirm and expand findings. Wistar rats were administered DEHP at 0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks. The serum and liver levels of TC, TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C, and the liver mRNA and protein levels of SREBP-2, SR-BI, LDLR, and NR1H3 were measured. The results showed that WHR, VAI, and LAP were significantly positively associated with the urinary levels of MECPP and ∑DEHP; the plasma HDL-C level was significantly negatively associated with the levels of MECPP, MCMHP and ∑DEHP; the peripheral blood leukocyte mRNA levels of SREBP-2, NR1H3, and LDLR were significantly positively correlated with the MCMHP level; and the SR-BI mRNA level was significantly positively correlated with the levels of MECPP and MCMHP in adolescents. Moreover, the results of animal experiments showed that DEHP exposure significantly increased the serum levels of TC, HDL-C, and LDL-C in 500 mg/kg/d group, as well as the liver levels of TC and HDL-C, up-regulated SREBP-2 mRNA and protein expression in 50 and 500 mg/kg/d groups. DEHP exposure significantly down-regulated SR-BI and NR1H3 protein expression in the liver of the 500 mg/kg/d group rats. Our findings indicate that DEHP exposure can affect lipid metabolism in adolescents by regulating the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ding
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Wen Qi
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyang Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianli Yin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ruxuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chuanyi Huo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Liting Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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9
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Kluck GEG, Yoo JA, Sakarya EH, Trigatti BL. Good Cholesterol Gone Bad? HDL and COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10182. [PMID: 34638523 PMCID: PMC8507803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmissible respiratory disease COVID-19, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has affected millions of people worldwide since its first reported outbreak in December of 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since then, multiple studies have shown an inverse correlation between the levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles and the severity of COVID-19, with low HDL levels being associated with an increased risk of severe outcomes. Some studies revealed that HDL binds to SARS-CoV-2 particles via the virus's spike protein and, under certain conditions, such as low HDL particle concentrations, it facilitates SARS-CoV-2 binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and infection of host cells. Other studies, however, reported that HDL suppressed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In both cases, the ability of HDL to enhance or suppress virus infection appears to be dependent on the expression of the HDL receptor, namely, the Scavenger Receptor Class B type 1 (SR-B1), in the target cells. SR-B1 and HDL represent crucial mediators of cholesterol metabolism. Herein, we review the complex role of HDL and SR-B1 in SARS-CoV-2-induced disease. We also review recent advances in our understanding of HDL structure, properties, and function during SARS-CoV-2 infection and the resulting COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernardo L. Trigatti
- Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada; (G.E.G.K.); (J.-A.Y.); (E.H.S.)
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10
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Handa O, Goda K, Handa Y, Fukushima S, Osawa M, Murao T, Matsumoto H, Umegaki E, Fujita Y, Nishio K, Shiotani A. PDZK1 induces resistance to apoptosis in esophageal adenocarcinoma cells. Esophagus 2021; 18:655-662. [PMID: 33586076 DOI: 10.1007/s10388-021-00819-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal cancer is a lethal malignancy with a poor prognosis. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma, which develops from Barrett's esophagus (BE), has recently been increasing. In a previous study, we found that PDZK1 expression is higher in long segment BE compared to that in short-segment BE. However, the function of PDZK1 in the mucosa of BE is unclear. AIMS Clarify the role of PDZK1 in BE mucosa using PDZK1 overexpressed cells. METHODS Human adenocarcinoma-derived OE33 cells were used as a parental cell line and transfected to generate PDZK1 overexpressed OE33 cells (PC cells) or transfected with empty vector as control cells (NC cells). Cell growth of NC and PC cells in 10% fetal bovine serum was evaluated by cell counting. The effect of PDZK1 on proteasome inhibitor (PSI)-induced apoptosis was qualified by fluorescence microscopy and quantified by flow cytometry. Expression of apoptosis-related proteins was evaluated by western blotting. RESULTS There were no significant differences in cell growth between NC and PC cells. PSI significantly increased apoptosis in NC cells, but not in PC cells. In response to PSI, increased levels of cleaved-caspase3 and decreased pro-caspase3 levels were found in NC cells, but not in PC cells. In NC cells, PSI significantly decreased Bcl-2 expression without affecting Bax levels. In contrast, high expression of both Bcl-2 and Bax was observed in PC cells. CONCLUSION Overexpression of PDZK1 protein induces an apoptosis-resistant phenotype in BE cells, which may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osamu Handa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan.
| | - Kyousuke Goda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yukiko Handa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Shinya Fukushima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Motoyasu Osawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murao
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Eiji Umegaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Fujita
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nishio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2 Ohno-higashi, Osaka-Sayama, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
| | - Akiko Shiotani
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-City, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
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11
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Xie J, Jusuf PR, Bui BV, Dudczig S, Sztal TE, Goodbourn PT. Altered Visual Function in a Larval Zebrafish Knockout of Neurodevelopmental Risk Gene pdzk1. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:29. [PMID: 33749720 PMCID: PMC7991922 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.3.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The human PDZK1 gene is located in a genomic susceptibility region for neurodevelopmental disorders. A genome-wide association study identified links between PDZK1 polymorphisms and altered visual contrast sensitivity, an endophenotype for schizophrenia and autism spectrum disorder. The PDZK1 protein is implicated in neurological functioning, interacting with synaptic molecules including postsynaptic density 95 (PSD-95), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs), corticotropin-releasing factor receptor 1 (CRFR1), and serotonin 2A receptors. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the role of PDZK1. Methods We generated pdzk1-knockout (pdzk1-KO) zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas-9 genome editing. Visual function of 7-day-old fish was assessed at behavioral and functional levels using the optomotor response and scotopic electroretinogram (ERG). We also quantified retinal morphology and densities of PSD-95, NMDAR1, CRFR1, and serotonin in the synaptic inner plexiform layer at 7 days, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks of age. Standard RT-PCR and nonsense-mediated decay interference treatment were also performed to assess genetic compensation in mutants. Results Relative to wild-type, pdzk1-KO larvae showed spatial frequency tuning functions with increased amplitude (likely due to abnormal gain control) and reduced ERG b-waves (suggestive of inner retinal dysfunction). No synaptic phenotypes, but possible morphological retinal phenotypes, were identified. We confirmed that the absence of major histological phenotypes was not attributable to genetic compensatory mechanisms. Conclusions Our findings point to a role for pdzk1 in zebrafish visual function, and our model system provides a platform for investigating other genes associated with abnormal visual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaheng Xie
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patricia R Jusuf
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bang V Bui
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefanie Dudczig
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamar E Sztal
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Patrick T Goodbourn
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Cantin C, Fuenzalida B, Leiva A. Maternal hypercholesterolemia during pregnancy: Potential modulation of cholesterol transport through the human placenta and lipoprotein profile in maternal and neonatal circulation. Placenta 2020; 94:26-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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13
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Wang D, Huang J, Gui T, Yang Y, Feng T, Tzvetkov NT, Xu T, Gai Z, Zhou Y, Zhang J, Atanasov AG. SR-BI as a target of natural products and its significance in cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 80:18-38. [PMID: 31935456 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) protein is an integral membrane glycoprotein. SR-BI is emerging as a multifunctional protein, which regulates autophagy, efferocytosis, cell survival and inflammation. It is well known that SR-BI plays a critical role in lipoprotein metabolism by mediating cholesteryl esters selective uptake and the bi-directional flux of free cholesterol. Recently, SR-BI has also been identified as a potential marker for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, or even a treatment target. Natural products are a promising source for the discovery of new drug leads. Multiple natural products were identified to regulate SR-BI protein expression. There are still a number of challenges in modulating SR-BI expression in cancer and in using natural products for modulation of such protein expression. In this review, our purpose is to discuss the relationship between SR-BI protein and cancer, and the molecular mechanisms regulating SR-BI expression, as well as to provide an overview of natural products that regulate SR-BI expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiansheng Huang
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 318 Preston Research Building, 2200 Pierce Avenue, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232, USA
| | - Ting Gui
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yaxin Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, 550025, Guiyang, China
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev", Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 21 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tao Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhibo Gai
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huaxi university town, 550025, Guiyang, China.
| | - Jingjie Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fei Shan Jie 32, 550003, Guiyang, China.
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 05-552, Jastrzębiec, Poland; Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria; Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 23 Acad. G. Bonchev Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Digital Health and Patient Safety, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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14
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Wang D, Yang Y, Lei Y, Tzvetkov NT, Liu X, Yeung AWK, Xu S, Atanasov AG. Targeting Foam Cell Formation in Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products. Pharmacol Rev 2019; 71:596-670. [PMID: 31554644 DOI: 10.1124/pr.118.017178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cell formation and further accumulation in the subendothelial space of the vascular wall is a hallmark of atherosclerotic lesions. Targeting foam cell formation in the atherosclerotic lesions can be a promising approach to treat and prevent atherosclerosis. The formation of foam cells is determined by the balanced effects of three major interrelated biologic processes, including lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and cholesterol efflux. Natural products are a promising source for new lead structures. Multiple natural products and pharmaceutical agents can inhibit foam cell formation and thus exhibit antiatherosclerotic capacity by suppressing lipid uptake, cholesterol esterification, and/or promoting cholesterol ester hydrolysis and cholesterol efflux. This review summarizes recent findings on these three biologic processes and natural products with demonstrated potential to target such processes. Discussed also are potential future directions for studying the mechanisms of foam cell formation and the development of foam cell-targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yang Yang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Yingnan Lei
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Nikolay T Tzvetkov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Xingde Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Andy Wai Kan Yeung
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Suowen Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
| | - Atanas G Atanasov
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China (D.W., X.L.); Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, Poland (D.W., Y.Y., Y.L., A.G.A.); Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (A.G.A.); Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland (D.W.); Institute of Molecular Biology "Roumen Tsanev," Department of Biochemical Pharmacology and Drug Design, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (N.T.T.); Pharmaceutical Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany (N.T.T.); Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York (S.X.); Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (A.W.K.Y.); and Institute of Neurobiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria (A.G.A.)
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15
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Liang AJ, Wang GS, Ping P, Hu SG, Lin Y, Ma Y, Duan ZZ, Wang HS, Sun F. The expression of the new epididymal luminal protein of PDZ domain containing 1 is decreased in asthenozoospermia. Asian J Androl 2019; 20:154-159. [PMID: 29405165 PMCID: PMC5858100 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_65_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Spermatozoa are not mature until they transit the epididymis where they acquire motility and the ability to fertilize an egg through sequential modifications. The epididymis has three functional regions, caput, corpus, and cauda, and the luminal proteins of the epididymis play important roles in the above modifications. However, the proteins with differential enrichment between the caput and cauda are still largely unknown. To reveal the functions of the caput and cauda during sperm maturation, luminal proteins from caput and cauda of mice were analyzed by isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ). Overall, 128 differentially enriched proteins were found, of which 46 were caput enriched and 82 were cauda enriched. Bioinformatic analysis showed that lipid metabolism was active in the caput; while anion- and cation-binding activity and phosphorus and organophosphate metabolism were active in the cauda. A new epididymal luminal protein, the caput-enriched PDZ domain containing 1 (Pdzk1), also named Na+/H+ exchange regulatory cofactor 3 (NHERF3), which plays a critical role in cholesterol metabolism and carnitine transport, was found in the lipid metabolism. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses showed that Pdzk1 was expressed in the epididymis but not in the testis, and localized at the middle piece of the sperm tail. Pdzk1 protein level was also reduced in the spermatozoa in case of asthenozoospermic patients compared with that in normozoospermic men, suggesting that Pdzk1 may participate in sperm maturation regulation and may be associated with male infertility. These results may provide new insights into the mechanisms of sperm maturation and male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-Juan Liang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Gui-Shuan Wang
- Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
| | - Ping Ping
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Shuang-Gang Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Yu Lin
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Assisted Reproduction and Reproductive Genetics, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200135, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Duan
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Han-Shu Wang
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Fei Sun
- International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Embryo-Fetal Original Adult Disease, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Medical School, Institute of Reproductive Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
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Miyazaki T, Fukui M, Inagaki E, Miki K, Takabayashi S, Katoh H, Ohira Y, Noguchi M, Tokumoto T. Identification of Two Additional Genomic Loci Responsible for experimentally induced testicular teratoma 2 and 3 (ett2 and ett3). Zoolog Sci 2019; 35:172-178. [PMID: 29623786 DOI: 10.2108/zs170176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Experimental testicular teratomas (ETTs) can be induced in 129/Sv mouse by E12.5 fetal testes transplant into adult testes. Previously, we conducted linkage analysis to explore candidate genes possibly involved in ETT development using F2 intercross fetuses derived from F1[LTXBJ × 129/Sv- + /Ter (+ /+)] hybrids. By linkage analysis on Chr 18 and Chr 19, we identified the genomic locus for experimental testicular teratoma 1 (ett1) on Chr 18. In the present study, we conducted additional mapping and linkage analysis on teratoma susceptibility and genome composition on Chr 1-17. The results revealed two new candidate loci, experimental testicular teratoma 2 (ett2) and experimental testicular teratoma 3 (ett3), on Chr 3 and 7. Interestingly, the rates of ETT generation were increased in the case of ett2 and ett3 regions replaced with LTXBJ strain. To determine whether a polymorphic gene was present, we performed exome analysis of 129/Sv- + /Ter (+ /+) and LTXBJ. This revealed the presence of SNPs in all three loci, ett1 to ett3. ett1 contains polymorphic Mc4r; ett2 contains polymorphic Polr3c, Cd160, and Pdzk1; and ett3 contains polymorphic Prmt3. We found additional loci responsible for ETT formation, namely, ett2 and ett3, and identified candidate genes in these regions by exome analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takehiro Miyazaki
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Manami Fukui
- 2 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Emi Inagaki
- 2 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Kenji Miki
- 2 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Shuji Takabayashi
- 3 Institute for Experimental Animals, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Hideki Katoh
- 3 Institute for Experimental Animals, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1, Handayama, Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka 431-3192, Japan
| | - Yukio Ohira
- 2 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Motoko Noguchi
- 2 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
| | - Toshinobu Tokumoto
- 1 Integrated Bioscience Section, Graduate School of Science and Technology, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.,2 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, National University Corporation Shizuoka University, Ohya 836, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan
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Ferreira C, Meyer R, Meyer Zu Schwabedissen HE. The nuclear receptors PXR and LXR are regulators of the scaffold protein PDZK1. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2019; 1862:447-456. [PMID: 30831268 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PDZK1 (NHERF3) interacts with membrane proteins whereby modulating their spatial arrangement, membrane stability, and function. One of the membrane proteins shown to be stabilized by interaction with PDZK1 is the HDL-receptor SR-BI (SCARB1). Testing the influence of TO 901317, a known activator of liver X receptor alpha (LXRα, NR1H3) which is a central regulator of the lipid homeostasis, Grefhorst et al. reported in 2012 that administration of TO 901317 did not affect PDZK1 expression and reduced the amount of SR-BI protein in mouse liver. Considering that TO 901317 also activates the xenosensor pregnane X receptor (PXR, NR1I2), it was aim of this study to further investigate the influence of LXRα and PXR activation on transcription of PDZK1. First, we tested the transactivation of PDZK1 by LXRα or PXR in cell-based reporter gene assays comparing the effect of prototypical ligands to that of TO 901317. Ligand mediated activation of LXRα increased, while that of PXR lowered luciferase activity. Further, we located the most likely binding site for LXRα and PXR on the PDZK1 promoter between -85 bp and -54 bp. The transcriptional regulation by LXRα was further supported showing enhanced mRNA expression of PDZK1 in HepG2 cells treated with the selective LXRα-agonist GW3965, while treatment with TO 901317 reduced the protein amount of PDZK1. Taken together, we provide evidence that both LXRα and PXR are transcriptional regulators of PDZK1 supporting the previous notion that the scaffold protein is part of cholesterol homeostasis and drug metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celio Ferreira
- Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ramona Meyer
- Biopharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Shen WJ, Asthana S, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. Scavenger receptor B type 1: expression, molecular regulation, and cholesterol transport function. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:1114-1131. [PMID: 29720388 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.r083121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is required for maintenance of plasma membrane fluidity and integrity and for many cellular functions. Cellular cholesterol can be obtained from lipoproteins in a selective pathway of HDL-cholesteryl ester (CE) uptake without parallel apolipoprotein uptake. Scavenger receptor B type 1 (SR-B1) is a cell surface HDL receptor that mediates HDL-CE uptake. It is most abundantly expressed in liver, where it provides cholesterol for bile acid synthesis, and in steroidogenic tissues, where it delivers cholesterol needed for storage or steroidogenesis in rodents. SR-B1 transcription is regulated by trophic hormones in the adrenal gland, ovary, and testis; in the liver and elsewhere, SR-B1 is subject to posttranscriptional and posttranslational regulation. SR-B1 operates in several metabolic processes and contributes to pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, inflammation, hepatitis C virus infection, and other conditions. Here, we summarize characteristics of the selective uptake pathway and involvement of microvillar channels as facilitators of selective HDL-CE uptake. We also present the potential mechanisms of SR-B1-mediated selective cholesterol transport; the transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational regulation of SR-B1; and the impact of gene variants on expression and function of human SR-B1. A better understanding of this unique pathway and SR-B1's role may yield improved therapies for a wide variety of conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Research Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Shailendra Asthana
- Drug Discovery Research Center (DDRC), Translational Health Science and Technology Institute (THSTI), NCR Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad 121001, Haryana, India
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Research Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Research Center (GRECC), Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA 94304 and Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology, and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
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19
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Lee SX, Heine M, Schlein C, Ramakrishnan R, Liu J, Belnavis G, Haimi I, Fischer AW, Ginsberg HN, Heeren J, Rinninger F, Haeusler RA. FoxO transcription factors are required for hepatic HDL cholesterol clearance. J Clin Invest 2018; 128:1615-1626. [PMID: 29408809 DOI: 10.1172/jci94230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes are associated with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). The insulin-repressible FoxO transcription factors are potential mediators of the effect of insulin on HDL-C. FoxOs mediate a substantial portion of insulin-regulated transcription, and poor FoxO repression is thought to contribute to the excessive glucose production in diabetes. In this work, we show that mice with liver-specific triple FoxO knockout (L-FoxO1,3,4), which are known to have reduced hepatic glucose production, also have increased HDL-C. This was associated with decreased expression of the HDL-C clearance factors scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI) and hepatic lipase and defective selective uptake of HDL cholesteryl ester by the liver. The phenotype could be rescued by re-expression of SR-BI. These findings demonstrate that hepatic FoxOs are required for cholesterol homeostasis and HDL-mediated reverse cholesterol transport to the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel X Lee
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Markus Heine
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christian Schlein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rajasekhar Ramakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gabriella Belnavis
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ido Haimi
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Henry N Ginsberg
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Rinninger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine III, University Medical Center Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca A Haeusler
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York, USA
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20
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Wysokinski WE, Tafur A, Wu Y, Ammash N, Asirvatham SJ, Gosk-Bierska I, Grill DE, Slusser JP, Mruk J, McBane RD. Platelet-predominate gene expression and reticulated platelets in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Effect of pulmonary veins isolation. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2018; 29:412-420. [PMID: 29377394 DOI: 10.1111/jce.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Reticulated platelet (RP) content is increased in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). The purpose of this study was to determine if platelet content, morphology, and RP proportion are modulated by platelet genes. METHODS AND RESULTS Expression of six platelet-predominate genes impacting platelet formation and release, platelet count, and RP content was assessed in NVAF patients before and 3-4 months after pulmonary veins isolation (PVI) and compared to normal sinus rhythm (NSR) controls. RNA from isolated platelets was reverse-transcribed assayed against selected genes utilizing real-time qPCR, and expressed as mean cycle threshold (ΔCt) using beta-2-microglobulin as endogenous control. RP content was assessed by flow cytometry. A fourfold lower expression of CFL1 gene coding for nonmuscle cofilin (7.8 ± 0.9 vs. 5.7 ± 1.6, P < 0.001) and twofold lower expression of four other genes were associated with similar platelet counts but fourfold higher (28.7+7.0 vs. 6.7+5.4, P < 0.001) RP content (%) in 97 NVAF cases compared to 51 NSR controls. Three to 4 months after PVI, RP decreased by 28%, while CFL1 gene expression increased over twofold but TUBA4A gene expression decreased almost twofold; NFE2 and MYL6 gene expression remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS NVAF is associated with notable downregulation of genes directing platelet production and size but increased RP content. PVI impacts the expression of many of these genes, implying a direct relationship between atrial fibrillation and platelet biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waldemar E Wysokinski
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alfonso Tafur
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yanhong Wu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naser Ammash
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Samuel J Asirvatham
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Izabela Gosk-Bierska
- Department of Angiology, Hypertension and Diabetology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Diane E Grill
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Joshua P Slusser
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jozef Mruk
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine-Wichita, Witchita, KS, USA.,Wichita Clinic, Wichita, KS, USA
| | - Robert D McBane
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Education and Research, Rochester, MN, USA
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21
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Zhu L, Shi J, Luu TN, Neuman JC, Trefts E, Yu S, Palmisano BT, Wasserman DH, Linton MF, Stafford JM. Hepatocyte estrogen receptor alpha mediates estrogen action to promote reverse cholesterol transport during Western-type diet feeding. Mol Metab 2017; 8:106-116. [PMID: 29331506 PMCID: PMC5985047 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 12/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocyte deletion of estrogen receptor alpha (LKO-ERα) worsens fatty liver, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance in high-fat diet fed female mice. However, whether or not hepatocyte ERα regulates reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in mice has not yet been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS Using LKO-ERα mice and wild-type (WT) littermates fed a Western-type diet, we found that deletion of hepatocyte ERα impaired in vivo RCT measured by the removal of 3H-cholesterol from macrophages to the liver, and subsequently to feces, in female mice but not in male mice. Deletion of hepatocyte ERα decreased the capacity of isolated HDL to efflux cholesterol from macrophages and reduced the ability of isolated hepatocytes to accept cholesterol from HDL ex vivo in both sexes. However, only in female mice, LKO-ERα increased serum cholesterol levels and increased HDL particle sizes. Deletion of hepatocyte ERα increased adiposity and worsened insulin resistance to a greater degree in female than male mice. All of the changes lead to a 5.6-fold increase in the size of early atherosclerotic lesions in female LKO-ERα mice compared to WT controls. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen signaling through hepatocyte ERα plays an important role in RCT and is protective against lipid retention in the artery wall during early stages of atherosclerosis in female mice fed a Western-type diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | - Jeanne Shi
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA; Trinity College of Arts and Sciences, Duke University, USA
| | - Thao N Luu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | | | - Elijah Trefts
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - Sophia Yu
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA
| | - Brian T Palmisano
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - David H Wasserman
- Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA
| | - MacRae F Linton
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, USA
| | - John M Stafford
- VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, USA; Department of Molecular, Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, USA; Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Metabolism, USA.
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22
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Shen WJ, Azhar S, Kraemer FB. SR-B1: A Unique Multifunctional Receptor for Cholesterol Influx and Efflux. Annu Rev Physiol 2017; 80:95-116. [PMID: 29125794 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-021317-121550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The scavenger receptor, class B type 1 (SR-B1), is a multiligand membrane receptor protein that functions as a physiologically relevant high-density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor whose primary role is to mediate selective uptake or influx of HDL-derived cholesteryl esters into cells and tissues. SR-B1 also facilitates the efflux of cholesterol from peripheral tissues, including macrophages, back to liver. As a regulator of plasma membrane cholesterol content, SR-B1 promotes the uptake of lipid soluble vitamins as well as viral entry into host cells. These collective functions of SR-B1 ultimately affect programmed cell death, female fertility, platelet function, vasculature inflammation, and diet-induced atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction. SR-B1 has also been identified as a potential marker for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Finally, the SR-B1-linked selective HDL-cholesteryl ester uptake pathway is now being evaluated as a gateway for the delivery of therapeutic and diagnostic agents. In this review, we focus on the regulation and functional significance of SR-B1 in mediating cholesterol movement into and out of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; .,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Salman Azhar
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; .,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Division of Endocrinology, Gerontology and Metabolism, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305; .,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
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23
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Fung KY, Wang C, Nyegaard S, Heit B, Fairn GD, Lee WL. SR-BI Mediated Transcytosis of HDL in Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells Is Independent of Caveolin, Clathrin, and PDZK1. Front Physiol 2017; 8:841. [PMID: 29163190 PMCID: PMC5670330 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium supplying the brain exhibits very low paracellular and transcellular permeability and is a major constituent of the blood-brain barrier. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) crosses the blood-brain barrier by transcytosis, but technical limitations have made it difficult to elucidate its regulation. Using a combination of spinning-disc confocal and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, we examined the uptake and transcytosis of HDL by human primary brain microvascular endothelial cell monolayers. Using these approaches, we report that HDL internalization requires dynamin but not clathrin heavy chain and that its internalization and transcytosis are saturable. Internalized HDL partially co-localized with the scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) and knockdown of SR-BI significantly attenuated HDL internalization. However, we observed that the adaptor protein PDZK1—which is critical to HDL-SR-BI signaling in other tissues—is not required for HDL uptake in these cells. Additionally, while these cells express caveolin, the abundance of caveolae in this tissue is negligible and we find that SR-BI and caveolin do not co-fractionate. Furthermore, direct silencing of caveolin-1 had no impact on the uptake of HDL. Finally, inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase increased HDL internalization while increasing nitric oxide levels had no impact. Together, these data indicate that SR-BI-mediated transcytosis in brain microvascular endothelial cells is distinct from uptake and signaling pathways described for this receptor in other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Y Fung
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Changsen Wang
- Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steffen Nyegaard
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bryan Heit
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Centre for Human Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - Gregory D Fairn
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Warren L Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Keenan Research Center for Biomedical Science, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Medicine and Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
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24
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To outline the roles of SR-B1 and PDZK1 in hepatic selective HDL cholesterol uptake and reverse cholesterol transport and the consequences for atherosclerosis development. RECENT FINDINGS Much of our understanding of the physiological roles of SR-B1 and PDZK1 in HDL metabolism and atherosclerosis comes from studies of genetically manipulated mice. These show SR-B1 and PDZK1 play key roles in HDL metabolism and protection against atherosclerosis. The recent identification of rare loss of function mutations in the human SCARB1 gene verifies that it plays similar roles in HDL metabolism in humans. Other rare mutations in both the human SCARB1 and PDZK1 genes remain to be characterized but may have potentially devastating consequences to SR-B1 function. SUMMARY Identification of carriers of rare mutations in human SCARB1 and PDZK1 that impair the function of their gene products and characterization of the effects of these mutations on HDL cholesterol levels and atherosclerosis will add to our understanding of the importance of HDL function and cholesterol flux, as opposed to HDL-cholesterol levels, per se, for protection against cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Trigatti
- aDepartment of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University bThrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences and McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Hoekstra M. SR-BI as target in atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease - A comprehensive appraisal of the cellular functions of SR-BI in physiology and disease. Atherosclerosis 2017; 258:153-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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26
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White-Al Habeeb NMA. Downregulation of PDZ Domain Containing 1 (PDZK1) is a Poor Prognostic Marker for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:20-21. [PMID: 28109828 PMCID: PMC5474429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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27
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Alsaleh NB, Persaud I, Brown JM. Silver Nanoparticle-Directed Mast Cell Degranulation Is Mediated through Calcium and PI3K Signaling Independent of the High Affinity IgE Receptor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167366. [PMID: 27907088 PMCID: PMC5131952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Engineered nanomaterial (ENM)-mediated toxicity often involves triggering immune responses. Mast cells can regulate both innate and adaptive immune responses and are key effectors in allergic diseases and inflammation. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are one of the most prevalent nanomaterials used in consumer products due to their antimicrobial properties. We have previously shown that AgNPs induce mast cell degranulation that was dependent on nanoparticle physicochemical properties. Furthermore, we identified a role for scavenger receptor B1 (SR-B1) in AgNP-mediated mast cell degranulation. However, it is completely unknown how SR-B1 mediates mast cell degranulation and the intracellular signaling pathways involved. In the current study, we hypothesized that SR-B1 interaction with AgNPs directs mast cell degranulation through activation of signal transduction pathways that culminate in an increase in intracellular calcium signal leading to mast cell degranulation. For these studies, we utilized bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) isolated from C57Bl/6 mice and RBL-2H3 cells (rat basophilic leukemia cell line). Our data support our hypothesis and show that AgNP-directed mast cell degranulation involves activation of PI3K, PLCγ and an increase in intracellular calcium levels. Moreover, we found that influx of extracellular calcium is required for the cells to degranulate in response to AgNP exposure and is mediated at least partially via the CRAC channels. Taken together, our results provide new insights into AgNP-induced mast cell activation that are key for designing novel ENMs that are devoid of immune system activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser B. Alsaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Indushekhar Persaud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jared M. Brown
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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28
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Lee MH, Appleton KM, El-Shewy HM, Sorci-Thomas MG, Thomas MJ, Lopes-Virella MF, Luttrell LM, Hammad SM, Klein RL. S1P in HDL promotes interaction between SR-BI and S1PR1 and activates S1PR1-mediated biological functions: calcium flux and S1PR1 internalization. J Lipid Res 2016; 58:325-338. [PMID: 27881715 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m070706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL normally transports about 50-70% of plasma sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), and the S1P in HDL reportedly mediates several HDL-associated biological effects and signaling pathways. The HDL receptor, SR-BI, as well as the cell surface receptors for S1P (S1PRs) may be involved partially and/or completely in these HDL-induced processes. Here we investigate the nature of the HDL-stimulated interaction between the HDL receptor, SR-BI, and S1PR1 using a protein-fragment complementation assay and confocal microscopy. In both primary rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells and HEK293 cells, the S1P content in HDL particles increased intracellular calcium concentration, which was mediated by S1PR1. Mechanistic studies performed in HEK293 cells showed that incubation of cells with HDL led to an increase in the physical interaction between the SR-BI and S1PR1 receptors that mainly occurred on the plasma membrane. Model recombinant HDL (rHDL) particles formed in vitro with S1P incorporated into the particle initiated the internalization of S1PR1, whereas rHDL without supplemented S1P did not, suggesting that S1P transported in HDL can selectively activate S1PR1. In conclusion, these data suggest that S1P in HDL stimulates the transient interaction between SR-BI and S1PRs that can activate S1PRs and induce an elevation in intracellular calcium concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Hye Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Kathryn M Appleton
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Hesham M El-Shewy
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Michael J Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI
| | - Maria F Lopes-Virella
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC.,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
| | - Samar M Hammad
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Richard L Klein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC .,Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC
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29
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Gutierrez-Pajares JL, Ben Hassen C, Chevalier S, Frank PG. SR-BI: Linking Cholesterol and Lipoprotein Metabolism with Breast and Prostate Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:338. [PMID: 27774064 PMCID: PMC5054001 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have demonstrated the significant role of cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in the progression of cancer. The SCARB1 gene encodes the scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), which is an 82-kDa glycoprotein with two transmembrane domains separated by a large extracellular loop. SR-BI plays an important role in the regulation of cholesterol exchange between cells and high-density lipoproteins. Accordingly, hepatic SR-BI has been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of the reverse cholesterol transport pathway, which promotes the removal and excretion of excess body cholesterol. In the context of atherosclerosis, SR-BI has been implicated in the regulation of intracellular signaling, lipid accumulation, foam cell formation, and cellular apoptosis. Furthermore, since lipid metabolism is a relevant target for cancer treatment, recent studies have focused on examining the role of SR-BI in this pathology. While signaling pathways have initially been explored in non-tumoral cells, studies with cancer cells have now demonstrated SR-BI's function in tumor progression. In this review, we will discuss the role of SR-BI during tumor development and malignant progression. In addition, we will provide insights into the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the SCARB1 gene. Overall, studying the role of SR-BI in tumor development and progression should allow us to gain useful information for the development of new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge L Gutierrez-Pajares
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Faculté de Médecine-INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Tours, France
| | - Céline Ben Hassen
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Faculté de Médecine-INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Tours, France
| | - Stéphan Chevalier
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Faculté de Médecine-INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Tours, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- Université François Rabelais de Tours, Faculté de Médecine-INSERM UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Tours, France
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30
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Pal R, Ke Q, Pihan GA, Yesilaltay A, Penman ML, Wang L, Chitraju C, Kang PM, Krieger M, Kocher O. Carboxy-terminal deletion of the HDL receptor reduces receptor levels in liver and steroidogenic tissues, induces hypercholesterolemia, and causes fatal heart disease. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 311:H1392-H1408. [PMID: 27694217 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00463.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The HDL receptor SR-BI mediates the transfer of cholesteryl esters from HDL to cells and controls HDL abundance and structure. Depending on the genetic background, loss of SR-BI causes hypercholesterolemia, anemia, reticulocytosis, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, female infertility, and fatal coronary heart disease (CHD). The carboxy terminus of SR-BI (505QEAKL509) must bind to the cytoplasmic adaptor PDZK1 for normal hepatic-but not steroidogenic cell-expression of SR-BI protein. To determine whether SR-BI's carboxy terminus is also required for normal protein levels in steroidogenic cells, we introduced into SR-BI's gene a 507Ala/STOP mutation that produces a truncated receptor (SR-BIΔCT). As expected, the dramatic reduction of hepatic receptor protein in SR-BIΔCT mice was similar to that in PDZK1 knockout (KO) mice. Unlike SR-BI KO females, SR-BIΔCT females were fertile. The severity of SR-BIΔCT mice's hypercholesterolemia was intermediate between those of SR-BI KO and PDZK1 KO mice. Substantially reduced levels of the receptor in adrenal cortical cells, ovarian cells, and testicular Leydig cells in SR-BIΔCT mice suggested that steroidogenic cells have an adaptor(s) functionally analogous to hepatic PDZK1. When SR-BIΔCT mice were crossed with apolipoprotein E KO mice (SR-BIΔCT/apoE KO), pathologies including hypercholesterolemia, macrocytic anemia, hepatic and splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis, massive splenomegaly, reticulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and rapid-onset and fatal occlusive coronary arterial atherosclerosis and CHD (median age of death: 9 wk) were observed. These results provide new insights into the control of SR-BI in steroidogenic cells and establish SR-BIΔCT/apoE KO mice as a new animal model for the study of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinku Pal
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Qingen Ke
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - German A Pihan
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ayce Yesilaltay
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Marsha L Penman
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M Kang
- Division of Cardiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Monty Krieger
- Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | - Olivier Kocher
- Department of Pathology and Center for Vascular Biology Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
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31
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Trigatti BL, Hegele RA. Rare Genetic Variants and High-Density Lipoprotein. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:e53-5. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L. Trigatti
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.L.T.); Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.L.T.); and Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
| | - Robert A. Hegele
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.L.T.); Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada (B.L.T.); and Department of Medicine and Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada (R.A.H.)
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32
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Canfrán-Duque A, Lin CS, Goedeke L, Suárez Y, Fernández-Hernando C. Micro-RNAs and High-Density Lipoprotein Metabolism. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2016; 36:1076-84. [PMID: 27079881 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.116.307028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Improved prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases is one of the challenges in Western societies, where ischemic heart disease and stroke are the leading cause of death. Early epidemiological studies have shown an inverse correlation between circulating high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and cardiovascular diseases. The cardioprotective effect of HDL is because of its ability to remove cholesterol from plaques in the artery wall to the liver for excretion by a process known as reverse cholesterol transport. Numerous studies have reported the role that micro-RNAs (miRNA) play in the regulation of the different steps in reverse cholesterol transport, including HDL biogenesis, cholesterol efflux, and cholesterol uptake in the liver and bile acid synthesis and secretion. Because of their ability to control different aspects of HDL metabolism and function, miRNAs have emerged as potential therapeutic targets to combat cardiovascular diseases. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the miRNA-mediated control of HDL metabolism. We also discuss how HDL particles serve as carriers of miRNAs and the potential use of HDL-containing miRNAs as cardiovascular diseases biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.)
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.)
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.)
| | - Yajaira Suárez
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.)
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- From the Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.) and Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine and Department of Pathology (A.C.-D., L.G., Y.S., C.F.-H.), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan (C.-S.L.).
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33
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Zanoni P, Khetarpal SA, Larach DB, Hancock-Cerutti WF, Millar JS, Cuchel M, DerOhannessian S, Kontush A, Surendran P, Saleheen D, Trompet S, Jukema JW, De Craen A, Deloukas P, Sattar N, Ford I, Packard C, Majumder AAS, Alam DS, Di Angelantonio E, Abecasis G, Chowdhury R, Erdmann J, Nordestgaard BG, Nielsen SF, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Schmidt RF, Kuulasmaa K, Liu DJ, Perola M, Blankenberg S, Salomaa V, Männistö S, Amouyel P, Arveiler D, Ferrieres J, Müller-Nurasyid M, Ferrario M, Kee F, Willer CJ, Samani N, Schunkert H, Butterworth AS, Howson JMM, Peloso GM, Stitziel NO, Danesh J, Kathiresan S, Rader DJ. Rare variant in scavenger receptor BI raises HDL cholesterol and increases risk of coronary heart disease. Science 2016; 351:1166-71. [PMID: 26965621 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 397] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is the major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C). In humans, high amounts of HDL-C in plasma are associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Mice that have depleted Scarb1 (SR-BI knockout mice) have markedly elevated HDL-C levels but, paradoxically, increased atherosclerosis. The impact of SR-BI on HDL metabolism and CHD risk in humans remains unclear. Through targeted sequencing of coding regions of lipid-modifying genes in 328 individuals with extremely high plasma HDL-C levels, we identified a homozygote for a loss-of-function variant, in which leucine replaces proline 376 (P376L), in SCARB1, the gene encoding SR-BI. The P376L variant impairs posttranslational processing of SR-BI and abrogates selective HDL cholesterol uptake in transfected cells, in hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from the homozygous subject, and in mice. Large population-based studies revealed that subjects who are heterozygous carriers of the P376L variant have significantly increased levels of plasma HDL-C. P376L carriers have a profound HDL-related phenotype and an increased risk of CHD (odds ratio = 1.79, which is statistically significant).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Zanoni
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sumeet A Khetarpal
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel B Larach
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - William F Hancock-Cerutti
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. INSERM UMR 1166 ICAN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France
| | - John S Millar
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Marina Cuchel
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Stephanie DerOhannessian
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Anatol Kontush
- INSERM UMR 1166 ICAN, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Hôpital de la Pitié, Paris, France
| | - Praveen Surendran
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danish Saleheen
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Stella Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - J Wouter Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anton De Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Panos Deloukas
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Chris Packard
- Glasgow Clinical Research Facility, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Dewan S Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Emanuele Di Angelantonio
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Goncalo Abecasis
- Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Rajiv Chowdhury
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany
| | - Børge G Nordestgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Sune F Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Anne Tybjærg-Hansen
- Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ruth Frikke Schmidt
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kari Kuulasmaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dajiang J Liu
- Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Markus Perola
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Stefan Blankenberg
- Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Veikko Salomaa
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dominique Arveiler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean Ferrieres
- Department of Epidemiology, Toulouse University-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Martina Müller-Nurasyid
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marco Ferrario
- Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Frank Kee
- UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Cristen J Willer
- Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Human Genetics, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nilesh Samani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hotel, Leicester, UK
| | - Heribert Schunkert
- Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Adam S Butterworth
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joanna M M Howson
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gina M Peloso
- Broad Institute and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Nathan O Stitziel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Genetics, and the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - John Danesh
- Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Sekar Kathiresan
- Broad Institute and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Daniel J Rader
- Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Briand O, Touche V, Colin S, Brufau G, Davalos A, Schonewille M, Bovenga F, Carrière V, de Boer JF, Dugardin C, Riveau B, Clavey V, Tailleux A, Moschetta A, Lasunción MA, Groen AK, Staels B, Lestavel S. Liver X Receptor Regulates Triglyceride Absorption Through Intestinal Down-regulation of Scavenger Receptor Class B, Type 1. Gastroenterology 2016; 150:650-8. [PMID: 26602218 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Reducing postprandial triglyceridemia may be a promising strategy to lower the risk of cardiovascular disorders associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes. In enterocytes, scavenger receptor class B, type 1 (SR-B1, encoded by SCARB1) mediates lipid-micelle sensing to promote assembly and secretion of chylomicrons. The nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group H, members 2 and 3 (also known as liver X receptors [LXRs]) regulate genes involved in cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism. We aimed to determine whether intestinal LXRs regulate triglyceride absorption. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were either fed a cholesterol-enriched diet or given synthetic LXR agonists (GW3965 or T0901317). We measured the production of chylomicrons and localized SR-B1 by immunohistochemistry. Mechanisms of postprandial triglyceridemia and SR-B1 regulation were studied in Caco-2/TC7 cells incubated with LXR agonists. RESULTS In mice and in the Caco-2/TC7 cell line, LXR agonists caused localization of intestinal SR-B1 from apical membranes to intracellular organelles and reduced chylomicron secretion. In Caco-2/TC7 cells, LXR agonists reduced SR-B1-dependent lipidic-micelle-induced Erk phosphorylation. LXR agonists also reduced intracellular trafficking of the apical apolipoprotein B pool toward secretory compartments. LXR reduced levels of SR-B1 in Caco-2/TC7 cells via a post-transcriptional mechanism that involves microRNAs. CONCLUSION In Caco-2/TC7 cells and mice, intestinal activation of LXR reduces the production of chylomicrons by a mechanism dependent on the apical localization of SR-B1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Briand
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Véronique Touche
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Sophie Colin
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Gemma Brufau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alberto Davalos
- Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies (IMDEA) Food Institute, Laboratory of Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition, Campus de Excelencia Internacional (CEI), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marleen Schonewille
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fabiola Bovenga
- National Research Cancer Center, Giovanni Paolo II, and University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Véronique Carrière
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigatión Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Camille Dugardin
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Béatrice Riveau
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cit, UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Clavey
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Anne Tailleux
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
| | - Antonio Moschetta
- National Research Cancer Center, Giovanni Paolo II, and University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Miguel A Lasunción
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigatión Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigatión Biomedica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Spain
| | - Albert K Groen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart Staels
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France.
| | - Sophie Lestavel
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Lille, France
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Abstract
The adrenal gland is one of the prominent sites for steroid hormone synthesis. Lipoprotein-derived cholesterol esters (CEs) delivered via SR-B1 constitute the dominant source of cholesterol for steroidogenesis, particularly in rodents. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates steroidogenesis through downstream actions on multiple components involved in steroidogenesis. Both acute and chronic ACTH treatments can modulate SR-B1 function, including its transcription, posttranscriptional stability, phosphorylation and dimerization status, as well as the interaction with other protein partners, all of which result in changes in the ability of SR-B1 to mediate HDL-CE uptake and the supply of cholesterol for conversion to steroids. Here, we provide a review of the recent findings on the regulation of adrenal SR-B1 function by ACTH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- The Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Salman Azhar
- The Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Fredric B. Kraemer
- The Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Fredric B. Kraemer,
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36
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Hu Z, Hu J, Shen WJ, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. A Novel Role of Salt-Inducible Kinase 1 (SIK1) in the Post-Translational Regulation of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type 1 Activity. Biochemistry 2015; 54:6917-30. [PMID: 26567857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Salt-inducible kinase 1 (SIK1) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the stress- and energy-sensing AMPK family of kinases. SIK1 expression is rapidly induced in Y1 adrenal cells in response to ACTH via the cAMP-PKA signaling cascade, and it has been suggested that an increased level of SIK1 expression inhibits adrenal steroidogenesis by repressing the cAMP-dependent transcription of steroidogenic proteins, CYP11A1 and StAR, by attenuating CREB transcriptional activity. Here we show that SIK1 stimulates adrenal steroidogenesis by modulating the selective HDL-CE transport activity of SR-B1. Overexpression of SIK1 increases cAMP-stimulated and SR-B1-mediated selective HDL-BODIPY-CE uptake in cell lines without impacting SR-B1 protein levels, whereas knockdown of SIK1 attenuated cAMP-stimulated selective HDL-BODIPY-CE uptake. SIK1 forms a complex with SR-B1 by interacting with its cytoplasmic C-terminal domain, and in vitro kinase activity measurements indicate that SIK1 can phosphorylate the C-terminal domain of SR-B1. Among potential phosphorylation sites, SIK1-catalyzed phosphorylation of Ser496 is critical for SIK1 stimulation of the selective CE transport activity of SR-B1. Mutational studies further demonstrated that both the intact catalytic activity of SIK1 and its PKA-catalyzed phosphorylation are essential for SIK1 stimulation of SR-B1 activity. Finally, overexpression of SIK1 caused time-dependent increases in SR-B1-mediated and HDL-supported steroid production in Y1 cells; however, these effects were lost with knockdown of SR-B1. Taken together, these studies establish a role for SIK1 in the positive regulation of selective HDL-CE transport function of SR-B1 and steroidogenesis and suggest a potential mechanism for SIK1 signaling in modulating SR-B1-mediated selective CE uptake and associated steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Jie Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System , Palo Alto, California 94304, United States
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Sauvanet C, Wayt J, Pelaseyed T, Bretscher A. Structure, Regulation, and Functional Diversity of Microvilli on the Apical Domain of Epithelial Cells. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 2015; 31:593-621. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100814-125234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Sauvanet
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Jessica Wayt
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Thaher Pelaseyed
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Weill Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853;
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Sorci-Thomas MG, Pollard RD, Thomas MJ. What does procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer protein 2 have to do with HDL-cholesteryl ester uptake? Or how I learned to stop worrying and love reverse cholesterol transport? Curr Opin Lipidol 2015; 26. [PMID: 26218419 PMCID: PMC4564020 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this study is to provide an update on the role HDL apolipoprotein A-I plays in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and how it relates to reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). RECENT FINDINGS Despite numerous studies showing that plasma HDL cholesterol concentrations are correlated with a reduced risk of CVD, pharmacologic elevation of HDL has not shown any beneficial effects to date. In contrast, studies correlating the measure of an individual's plasma cholesterol efflux capacity show greater promise as a tool for assessing CVD risk. Although ATP-binding cassette transporter 1-mediated lipidation of apoA-I is considered the principal source of plasma HDL, it represents only one side of the RCT pathway. Equally important is the second half of the RCT pathway in which the liver scavenger receptor class B1 selectively removes HDL cholesteryl esters for excretion. The combined action of the two enzyme systems is reflected in the overall steady-state concentration of plasma HDL cholesterol. For example, reduced ATP-binding cassette transporter 1-mediated production of nascent HDL lowers plasma HDL concentration, just as an increase in cholesteryl ester uptake by scavenger receptor class B1 reduces HDL levels. Thus, the complexity of intravascular HDL metabolism suggests that steady-state plasma HDL concentrations do not provide adequate information regarding an individual's HDL quality or function. Herein, we describe a new player, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2, which shows atheroprotective function and influences both sides of RCT by enhancing production and catabolism of HDL cholesteryl esters. SUMMARY The discovery of a new molecule, procollagen C-endopeptidase enhancer 2, implicated in the regulation of HDL cholesteryl ester concentrations suggests that the extracellular matrix and the proteins that regulate its function represent a new and as yet unexplored realm of HDL cholesterol metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary G. Sorci-Thomas
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ricquita D. Pollard
- formerly of Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Michael J. Thomas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Prostacyclin receptors: Transcriptional regulation and novel signalling mechanisms. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:70-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Trigatti BL, Fuller M. HDL signaling and protection against coronary artery atherosclerosis in mice. J Biomed Res 2015; 30:94-100. [PMID: 26642235 PMCID: PMC4820886 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a leading underlying factor in cardiovascular disease and stroke, important causes of morbidity and mortality across the globe. Abundant epidemiological studies demonstrate that high levels of high density lipoprotein (HDL) are associated with reduced risk of atherosclerosis and preclinical, animal model studies demonstrate that this association is causative. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of HDL will allow more strategic approaches to development of HDL based therapeutics. Recent evidence suggests that an important aspect of the ability of HDL to protect against atherosclerosis is its ability to trigger signaling responses in a variety of target cells including endothelial cells and macrophages in the vessel wall. These signaling responses require the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), an adaptor protein (PDZK1) that binds to the cytosolic C terminus of SR-B1, Akt1 activation and (at least in endothelial cells) activation of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). Mouse models of atherosclerosis, exemplified by apolipoprotein E or low density lipoprotein receptor gene inactivated mice (apoE or LDLR KO) develop atherosclerosis in their aortas but appear generally resistant to coronary artery atherosclerosis. On the other hand, inactivation of each of the components of HDL signaling (above) in either apoE or LDLR KO mice renders them susceptible to extensive coronary artery atherosclerosis suggesting that HDL signaling may play an important role in protection against coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernardo L Trigatti
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences., Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada;
| | - Mark Fuller
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, McMaster University and Hamilton Health Sciences., Hamilton, Ontario L8L 2X2, Canada
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Liao J, Huang W, Liu G. Animal models of coronary heart disease. J Biomed Res 2015; 30:3. [PMID: 26585560 PMCID: PMC5274506 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.30.20150051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease, predominantly coronary heart disease and stroke, leads to high morbidity and mortality not only in developed worlds but also in underdeveloped regions. The dominant pathologic foundation for cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis and as to coronary heart disease, coronary atherosclerosis and resulting lumen stenosis, even total occlusions. In translational research, several animals, such as mice, rabbits and pigs, have been used as disease models of human atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular disorders. However, coronary lesions are either naturally rare or hard to be fast induced in these models, hence, coronary heart disease induction mostly relies on surgical or pharmaceutical interventions with no or limited primary coronary lesions, thus unrepresentative of human coronary heart disease progression and pathology. In this review, we will describe the progress of animal models of coronary heart disease following either spontaneous or diet-accelerated coronary lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Liao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - George Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences, Ministry of Education, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
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Lee WR, Sacharidou A, Behling-Kelly E, Oltmann SC, Zhu W, Ahmed M, Gerard RD, Hui DY, Abe JI, Shaul PW, Mineo C. PDZK1 prevents neointima formation via suppression of breakpoint cluster region kinase in vascular smooth muscle. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124494. [PMID: 25886360 PMCID: PMC4401672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI) and its adaptor protein PDZK1 mediate responses to HDL cholesterol in endothelium. Whether the receptor-adaptor protein tandem serves functions in other vascular cell types is unknown. The current work determined the roles of SR-BI and PDZK1 in vascular smooth muscle (VSM). To evaluate possible VSM functions of SR-BI and PDZK1 in vivo, neointima formation was assessed 21 days post-ligation in the carotid arteries of wild-type, SR-BI-/- or PDZK1-/- mice. Whereas neointima development was negligible in wild-type and SR-BI-/-, there was marked neointima formation in PDZK1-/- mice. PDZK1 expression was demonstrated in primary mouse VSM cells, and compared to wild-type cells, PDZK1-/- VSM displayed exaggerated proliferation and migration in response to platelet derived growth factor (PDGF). Tandem affinity purification-mass spectrometry revealed that PDZK1 interacts with breakpoint cluster region kinase (Bcr), which contains a C-terminal PDZ binding sequence and is known to enhance responses to PDGF in VSM. PDZK1 interaction with Bcr in VSM was demonstrated by pull-down and by coimmunoprecipitation, and the augmented proliferative response to PDGF in PDZK1-/- VSM was abrogated by Bcr depletion. Furthermore, compared with wild-type Bcr overexpression, the introduction of a Bcr mutant incapable of PDZK1 binding into VSM cells yielded an exaggerated proliferative response to PDGF. Thus, PDZK1 has novel SR-BI-independent function in VSM that affords protection from neointima formation, and this involves PDZK1 suppression of VSM cell proliferation via an inhibitory interaction with Bcr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Ru Lee
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anastasia Sacharidou
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Erica Behling-Kelly
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sarah C. Oltmann
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Weifei Zhu
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Ahmed
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert D. Gerard
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - David Y. Hui
- Department of Pathology, Metabolic Diseases Institute, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Jun-ichi Abe
- Department of Medicine and the Aab Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Shaul
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PS); (CM)
| | - Chieko Mineo
- Center for Pulmonary and Vascular Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (PS); (CM)
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Zhao Y, Hoekstra M, Korporaal SJA, Van Berkel TJC, Van Eck M. HDL Receptor Scavenger Receptor BI. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/9781118828533.ch25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hebel T, Eisinger K, Neumeier M, Rein-Fischboeck L, Pohl R, Meier EM, Boettcher A, Froehner SC, Adams ME, Liebisch G, Krautbauer S, Buechler C. Lipid abnormalities in alpha/beta2-syntrophin null mice are independent from ABCA1. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2015; 1851:527-36. [PMID: 25625330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2015.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The syntrophins alpha (SNTA) and beta 2 (SNTB2) are molecular adaptor proteins shown to stabilize ABCA1, an essential regulator of HDL cholesterol. Furthermore, SNTB2 is involved in glucose stimulated insulin release. Hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia are characteristic features of the metabolic syndrome, a serious public health problem with rising prevalence. Therefore, it is important to understand the role of the syntrophins herein. Mice deficient for both syntrophins (SNTA/B2-/-) have normal insulin and glucose tolerance, hepatic ABCA1 protein and cholesterol. When challenged with a HFD, wild type and SNTA/B2-/- mice have similar weight gain, adiposity, serum and liver triglycerides. Hepatic ABCA1, serum insulin and insulin sensitivity are normal while glucose tolerance is impaired. Liver cholesterol is reduced, and expression of SREBP2 and HMG-CoA-R is increased in the knockout mice. Scavenger receptor-BI (SR-BI) protein is strongly diminished in the liver of SNTA/B2-/- mice while SR-BI binding protein NHERF1 is not changed and PDZK1 is even induced. Knock-down of SNTA, SNTB2 or both has no effect on hepatocyte SR-BI and PDZK1 proteins. Further, SR-BI levels are not reduced in brown adipose tissue of SNTA/B2-/- mice excluding that syntrophins directly stabilize SR-BI. SR-BI stability is regulated by MAPK and phosphorylated ERK2 is induced in the liver of the knock-out mice. Blockage of ERK activity upregulates hepatocyte SR-BI showing that increased MAPK activity contributes to low SR-BI. Sphingomyelin which is well described to regulate cholesterol metabolism is reduced in the liver and serum of the knock-out mice while the size of serum lipoproteins is not affected. Current data exclude a major function of these syntrophins in ABCA1 activity and insulin release but suggest a role in regulating glucose uptake, ERK and SR-BI levels, and sphingomyelin metabolism in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hebel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Kristina Eisinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Neumeier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lisa Rein-Fischboeck
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rebekka Pohl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth M Meier
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alfred Boettcher
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stanley C Froehner
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Marvin E Adams
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, WA, USA
| | - Gerhard Liebisch
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christa Buechler
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Regensburg University Hospital, Regensburg, Germany.
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45
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Kardassis D, Gafencu A, Zannis VI, Davalos A. Regulation of HDL genes: transcriptional, posttranscriptional, and posttranslational. Handb Exp Pharmacol 2015; 224:113-179. [PMID: 25522987 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-09665-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
HDL regulation is exerted at multiple levels including regulation at the level of transcription initiation by transcription factors and signal transduction cascades; regulation at the posttranscriptional level by microRNAs and other noncoding RNAs which bind to the coding or noncoding regions of HDL genes regulating mRNA stability and translation; as well as regulation at the posttranslational level by protein modifications, intracellular trafficking, and degradation. The above mechanisms have drastic effects on several HDL-mediated processes including HDL biogenesis, remodeling, cholesterol efflux and uptake, as well as atheroprotective functions on the cells of the arterial wall. The emphasis is on mechanisms that operate in physiologically relevant tissues such as the liver (which accounts for 80% of the total HDL-C levels in the plasma), the macrophages, the adrenals, and the endothelium. Transcription factors that have a significant impact on HDL regulation such as hormone nuclear receptors and hepatocyte nuclear factors are extensively discussed both in terms of gene promoter recognition and regulation but also in terms of their impact on plasma HDL levels as was revealed by knockout studies. Understanding the different modes of regulation of this complex lipoprotein may provide useful insights for the development of novel HDL-raising therapies that could be used to fight against atherosclerosis which is the underlying cause of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Kardassis
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Crete Medical School and Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation of Research and Technology of Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, 71110, Greece,
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46
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Kim H, Abd Elmageed ZY, Davis C, El-Bahrawy AH, Naura AS, Ekaidi I, Abdel-Mageed AB, Boulares AH. Correlation between PDZK1, Cdc37, Akt and breast cancer malignancy: the role of PDZK1 in cell growth through Akt stabilization by increasing and interacting with Cdc37. Mol Med 2014; 20:270-9. [PMID: 24869908 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PDZ domain containing 1 (PDZK1) is a scaffold protein that plays a role in the fate of several proteins. Estrogen can induce PDZK1 gene expression; however, our recent report showed that PDZK1 expression in the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 is indirect and involves insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 receptor function. Such a relationship was established in cell culture systems and human breast cancer tissues. Here we show that overexpression of PDZK1 promoted an increase in cyclin D1 and enhanced anchorage-independent growth of MCF-7 cells in the absence of 17β-estradiol, suggesting that PDZK1 harbors oncogenic activity. Indeed, PDKZ1 overexpression enhanced epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-stimulated MEK/ERK1/2 signaling and IGF-induced Akt phosphorylation. PDZK1 appeared to play this role, in part, by stabilizing the integrity of the growth promoting factors Akt, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2/Neu) and EGFR. Increased Akt levels occurred via a decrease in the ubiquitination of the kinase. PDZK1 overexpression was associated with resistance to paclitaxel/5-fluorouracil/etoposide only at low concentrations. Although the increased stability of Akt was sensitive to heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibition, increased levels of the cochaperone cell division cycle 37 (Cdc37), as well as its ability to bind PDZK1, appear to play a larger role in kinase stability. Using human tissue microarrays, we show strong positive correlation between PDZK1, Akt and Cdc37 protein levels, and all correlated with human breast malignancy. There were no positive correlations between PDZK1 and Cdc37 at the mRNA levels, confirming our in vitro studies. These results demonstrate a relationship between PDZK1, Akt and Cdc37, and potentially Her2/Neu and EGFR, in breast cancer, representing a new axis that can be targeted therapeutically to reduce the burden of human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogyoung Kim
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Zakaria Y Abd Elmageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane Medical Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Christian Davis
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ali H El-Bahrawy
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Amarjit S Naura
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ibrahim Ekaidi
- Department of Natural Sciences, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Asim B Abdel-Mageed
- Department of Urology, Tulane Medical Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - A Hamid Boulares
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Southern University at New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States of America
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Shen WJ, Hu J, Hu Z, Kraemer FB, Azhar S. Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI): a versatile receptor with multiple functions and actions. Metabolism 2014; 63:875-86. [PMID: 24854385 PMCID: PMC8078058 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), is a physiologically relevant HDL receptor that mediates selective uptake of lipoprotein (HDL)-derived cholesteryl ester (CE) in vitro and in vivo. Mammalian SR-BI is a 509-amino acid, ~82 kDa glycoprotein that contains N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains, two-transmembrane domains, as well as a large extracellular domain containing 5-6 cysteine residues and multiple sites for N-linked glycosylation. The size and structural characteristics of SR-BI, however, vary considerably among lower vertebrates and insects. Recently, significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the posttranscriptional/posttranslational regulation of SR-BI in a tissue specific manner. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current body of knowledge about the events and molecules connected with the posttranscriptional/posttranslational regulation of SR-BI and to update the molecular and functional characteristics of the insect SR-BI orthologs.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biological Transport
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Glycosylation
- Humans
- Insect Proteins/chemistry
- Insect Proteins/genetics
- Insect Proteins/metabolism
- Lipoproteins, HDL/chemistry
- Lipoproteins, HDL/genetics
- Lipoproteins, HDL/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Organ Specificity
- Protein Conformation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Receptors, Lipoprotein/chemistry
- Receptors, Lipoprotein/genetics
- Receptors, Lipoprotein/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/chemistry
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/metabolism
- Species Specificity
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Shen
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304; Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Jie Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304
| | - Zhigang Hu
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304; Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Fredric B Kraemer
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304; Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Salman Azhar
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California 94304; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.
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Canfrán-Duque A, Ramírez CM, Goedeke L, Lin CS, Fernández-Hernando C. microRNAs and HDL life cycle. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 103:414-22. [PMID: 24895349 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
miRNAs have emerged as important regulators of lipoprotein metabolism. Work over the past few years has demonstrated that miRNAs control the expression of most of the genes associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism, including the ATP transporters, ABCA1 and ABCG1, and the scavenger receptor SRB1. These findings strongly suggest that miRNAs regulate HDL biogenesis, cellular cholesterol efflux, and HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) uptake in the liver, thereby controlling all of the steps of reverse cholesterol transport. Recent work in animal models has demonstrated that manipulating miRNA levels including miR-33 can increase circulating HDL-C. Importantly, antagonizing miR-33 in vivo enhances the regression and reduces the progression of atherosclerosis. These findings support the idea of developing miRNA inhibitors for the treatment of dyslipidaemia and related cardiovascular disorders such as atherosclerosis. This review article focuses on how HDL metabolism is regulated by miRNAs and how antagonizing miRNA expression could be a potential therapy for treating cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Canfrán-Duque
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, Amistad Research Building, Room 337C, New Haven 06510, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signalling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Cristina M Ramírez
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, Amistad Research Building, Room 337C, New Haven 06510, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signalling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Leigh Goedeke
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, Amistad Research Building, Room 337C, New Haven 06510, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signalling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Chin-Sheng Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, No. 325, Sec. 2, Chen-Kung Rd., Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Carlos Fernández-Hernando
- Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University School of Medicine, 10 Amistad Street, Amistad Research Building, Room 337C, New Haven 06510, CT, USA Integrative Cell Signalling and Neurobiology of Metabolism Program, Section of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wang WJ, Murray JW, Wolkoff AW. Oatp1a1 requires PDZK1 to traffic to the plasma membrane by selective recruitment of microtubule-based motor proteins. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 42:62-9. [PMID: 24115750 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.054536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies identified a family of organic anion transport proteins (OATPs), many of which have C-terminal PDZ binding consensus sequences. In particular, the C-terminal four amino acids of Oatp1a1, a transporter on rat and mouse hepatocytes, comprise a consensus binding site for PDZK1. In PDZK1 knockout mice and in transfected cells where PDZK1 expression was knocked down, Oatp1a1 accumulates in intracellular vesicles. The present study tests the hypothesis that Oatp1a1 traffics to and from the cell surface in vesicles along microtubules, and that PDZK1 guides recruitment of specific motors to these vesicles. Oatp1a1-containing vesicles were prepared from wild-type and PDZK1 knockout mice. As seen by immunofluorescence, kinesin-1, a microtubule plus-end directed motor, was largely associated with vesicles from wild-type mouse liver, whereas dynein, a minus-end directed motor, was largely associated with vesicles from PDZK1 knockout mouse liver. Quantification of motility on directionally marked microtubules following addition of 50 µM ATP showed that wild-type vesicles moved equally toward the plus and minus ends whereas PDZK1 knockout vesicles moved predominantly toward the minus end, consistent with net movement toward the cell interior. These studies provide a novel mechanism by which PDZK1 regulates intracellular trafficking of Oatp1a1 by recruiting specific motors to Oatp1a1-containing vesicles. In the absence of PDZK1, Oatp1a1-containing vesicles cannot recruit kinesin-1 and associate with dynein as a predominant minus-end directed motor. Whether this is a result of direct interaction of the Oatp1a1 cytoplasmic domain with dynein or with a dynein-containing protein complex remains to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Structural Biology, Marion Bessin Liver Research Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
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Kim H, Abd Elmageed ZY, Ju J, Naura AS, Abdel-Mageed AB, Varughese S, Paul D, Alahari S, Catling A, Kim JG, Boulares AH. PDZK1 is a novel factor in breast cancer that is indirectly regulated by estrogen through IGF-1R and promotes estrogen-mediated growth. Mol Med 2013; 19:253-62. [PMID: 23821363 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2011] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although a relationship between PDZK1 expression and estrogen receptor (ER)-α stimulation has been suggested, the nature of such a connection and the function of PDZK1 in breast cancer remain unknown. Human tissue microarrays (cancer tissue: 262 cores; normal tissue: 87 cores) and breast cancer cell lines were used to conduct the study. We show that PDZK1 protein expression is tightly correlated with human breast malignancy, is negatively correlated with age and had no significant correlation with ER-α expression levels. PDZK1 exhibited an exclusive epithelial expression with mostly cytosolic subcellular localization. Additionally, 17β-estradiol induced PDZK1 expression above its basal level more than 24 h after treatment in MCF-7 cells. PDZK1 expression was indirectly regulated by ER-α stimulation, requiring insulinlike growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) expression and function. The molecular link between PDZK1 and IGF-1R was supported by a significant correlation between protein and mRNA levels (r = 0.591, p < 0.001, and r = 0.537, p < 0.001, respectively) of the two factors in two different cohorts of human breast cancer tissues. Interestingly, PDZK1 knockdown in MCF-7 cells blocked ER-dependent growth and reduced c-Myc expression, whereas ectopic expression of PDZK1 enhanced cell proliferation in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol potentially through an increase in c-Myc expression, suggesting that PDZK1 has oncogenic activity. PDKZ1 also appeared to interact with the Src/ER-α/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) complex, but not with IGF-1R and enhanced EGFR-stimulated MEK/ERK1/2 signaling. Collectively, our results clarify the relationship between ER-α and PDZK1, propose a direct relationship between PDZK1 and IGF-1R, and identify a novel oncogenic activity for PDZK1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hogyoung Kim
- The Stanley Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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