1
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Hao GJ, Ying J, Li LS, Yu F, Dun SS, Su LY, Zhao XY, Li S, Zhang Y. Two functionally interchangeable Vps9 isoforms mediate pollen tube penetration of style. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2024; 244:840-854. [PMID: 39262026 DOI: 10.1111/nph.20088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Style penetration by pollen tubes is essential for reproductive success, a process requiring canonical Rab5s in Arabidopsis. However, functional loss of Arabidopsis Vps9a, the gene encoding for guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Rab5s, did not affect male transmission, implying the presence of a compensation program or redundancy. By combining genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches, we report that Arabidopsis Vps9b is a pollen-preferential gene, redundantly mediating pollen tube penetration of style with Vps9a. Vps9b is functionally interchangeable with Vps9a, whose functional distinction results from distinct expression profiles. Functional loss of Vps9a and Vps9b results in the mis-targeting of Rab5-dependent tonoplast proteins, defective vacuolar biogenesis, disturbed distribution of post-Golgi vesicles, increased cellular turgor, cytosolic acidification, and disrupted organization of actin microfilaments (MF) in pollen tubes, which collectively lead to the failure of pollen tubes to grow through style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Jiu Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
| | - Jun Ying
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Lu-Shen Li
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
| | - Fei Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Shan-Shan Dun
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Le-Yan Su
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Ying Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tian'jin, 300017, China
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2
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Lu Y, Cheng K, Tang H, Li J, Zhang C, Zhu H. The role of Rab GTPase in Plant development and stress. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 296:154239. [PMID: 38574493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2024.154239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Small GTPase is a type of crucial regulator in eukaryotes. It acts as a molecular switch by binding with GTP and GDP in cytoplasm, affecting various cellular processes. Small GTPase were divided into five subfamilies based on sequence, structure and function: Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf/Sar and Ran, with Rab being the largest subfamily. Members of the Rab subfamily play an important role in regulating complex vesicle transport and microtubule system activity. Plant cells are composed of various membrane-bound organelles, and vesicle trafficking is fundamental to the existence of plants. At present, the function of some Rab members, such as RabA1a, RabD2b/c and RabF2, has been well characterized in plants. This review summarizes the role of Rab GTPase in regulating plant tip growth, morphogenesis, fruit ripening and stress response, and briefly describes the regulatory mechanisms involved. It provides a reference for further alleviating environmental stress, improving plant resistance and even improving fruit quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ke Cheng
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hui Tang
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jinyan Li
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Chunjiao Zhang
- Supervision, Inspection & Testing Center of Agricultural Products Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hongliang Zhu
- The College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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3
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Zeng Y, Liang Z, Liu Z, Li B, Cui Y, Gao C, Shen J, Wang X, Zhao Q, Zhuang X, Erdmann PS, Wong KB, Jiang L. Recent advances in plant endomembrane research and new microscopical techniques. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 240:41-60. [PMID: 37507353 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The endomembrane system consists of various membrane-bound organelles including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, trans-Golgi network (TGN), endosomes, and the lysosome/vacuole. Membrane trafficking between distinct compartments is mainly achieved by vesicular transport. As the endomembrane compartments and the machineries regulating the membrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, our current knowledge on organelle biogenesis and endomembrane trafficking in plants has mainly been shaped by corresponding studies in mammals and yeast. However, unique perspectives have emerged from plant cell biology research through the characterization of plant-specific regulators as well as the development and application of the state-of-the-art microscopical techniques. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge on the plant endomembrane system, with a focus on several distinct pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, protein sorting at the TGN, endosomal sorting on multivesicular bodies, vacuolar trafficking/vacuole biogenesis, and the autophagy pathway. We also give an update on advanced imaging techniques for the plant cell biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglun Zeng
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zizhen Liang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhiqi Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Baiying Li
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Caiji Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, China
| | - Jinbo Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Xiangfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qiong Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaohong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Philipp S Erdmann
- Human Technopole, Viale Rita Levi-Montalcini, 1, Milan, I-20157, Italy
| | - Kam-Bo Wong
- Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK), Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell & Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- The CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology and Agricultural Biotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
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4
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Kong K, Xu M, Xu Z, Lv W, Lv P, Begum N, Liu B, Liu B, Zhao T. Dysfunction of GmVPS8a causes compact plant architecture in soybean. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 331:111677. [PMID: 36931563 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Vacuolar Protein Sorting 8 (Vps8) protein is a specific subunit of the class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) complex that plays a key role in endosomal trafficking in yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However, its functions remain largely unclear in plant vegetative growth. Here, we identified a soybean (Glycine max) T4219 mutant characterized with compact plant architecture. Map-based cloning targeted to a candidate gene GmVPS8a (Glyma.07g049700) and further found that two nucleotides deletion in the first exon of GmVPS8a causes a premature termination of the encoded protein in the T4219 mutant. Its functions were validated by CRISPR/Cas9-engineered mutation in the GmVPS8a gene that recapitulated the T4219 mutant phenotypes. Furthermore, NbVPS8a-silenced tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) plants exhibited similar phenotypes to the T4219 mutant, suggesting its conserved roles in plant growth. The GmVPS8a is widely expressed in multiple organs and its protein interacts with GmAra6a and GmRab5a. Combined analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic data revealed that dysfunction of GmVPS8a mainly affects pathways on auxin signal transduction, sugar transport and metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Collectively, our work reveals the function of GmVPS8a in plant architecture, which may extend a new way for genetic improvement of ideal plant-architecture breeding in soybean and other crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keke Kong
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Mengge Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhiyong Xu
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Wenhuan Lv
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Peiyun Lv
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Naheeda Begum
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Bingqiang Liu
- National Soybean Improvement Center Shijiazhuang Sub-Center, North China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Cereal & Oil Crop Institute, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Liu
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement (NFCRI), Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Tuanjie Zhao
- Soybean Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Soybean, National Center for Soybean Improvement (Ministry of Agriculture), National Key Laboratory for Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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5
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Yan H, Zhuang M, Xu X, Li S, Yang M, Li N, Du X, Hu K, Peng X, Huang W, Wu H, Tse YC, Zhao L, Wang H. Autophagy and its mediated mitochondrial quality control maintain pollen tube growth and male fertility in Arabidopsis. Autophagy 2023; 19:768-783. [PMID: 35786359 PMCID: PMC9980518 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2095838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy, a major catabolic pathway in eukaryotes, participates in plant sexual reproduction including the processes of male gametogenesis and the self-incompatibility response. Rapid pollen tube growth is another essential reproductive process that is metabolically highly demanding to drive the vigorous cell growth for delivery of male gametes for fertilization in angiosperms. Whether and how autophagy operates to maintain the homeostasis of pollen tubes remains unknown. Here, we provide evidence that autophagy is elevated in growing pollen tubes and critically required during pollen tube growth and male fertility in Arabidopsis. We demonstrate that SH3P2, a critical non-ATG regulator of plant autophagy, colocalizes with representative ATG proteins during autophagosome biogenesis in growing pollen tubes. Downregulation of SH3P2 expression significantly disrupts Arabidopsis pollen germination and pollen tube growth. Further analysis of organelle dynamics reveals crosstalk between autophagosomes and prevacuolar compartments following the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. In addition, time-lapse imaging and tracking of ATG8e-labeled autophagosomes and depolarized mitochondria demonstrate that they interact specifically via the ATG8-family interacting motif (AIM)-docking site to mediate mitophagy. Ultrastructural identification of mitophagosomes and two additional forms of autophagosomes imply that multiple types of autophagy are likely to function simultaneously within pollen tubes. Altogether, our results suggest that autophagy is functionally crucial for mediating mitochondrial quality control and canonical cytoplasm recycling during pollen tube growth.Abbreviations: AIM: ATG8-family interacting motif; ATG8: autophagy related 8; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BTH: acibenzolar-S-methyl; DEX: dexamethasone; DNP: 2,4-dinitrophenol; GFP: green fluorescent protein; YFP: yellow fluorescent protein; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; PtdIns3P: phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate; PVC: prevacuolar compartment; SH3P2: SH3 domain-containing protein 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Menglong Zhuang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mingkang Yang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Nianle Li
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojuan Du
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kangwei Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaomin Peng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Hong Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China.,State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou null China
| | - Yu Chung Tse
- Core Research Facilities, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Lifeng Zhao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Hong Kong, China
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6
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Takatsuka H, Higaki T, Ito M. At the Nexus between Cytoskeleton and Vacuole: How Plant Cytoskeletons Govern the Dynamics of Large Vacuoles. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4143. [PMID: 36835552 PMCID: PMC9967756 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Large vacuoles are a predominant cell organelle throughout the plant body. They maximally account for over 90% of cell volume and generate turgor pressure that acts as a driving force of cell growth, which is essential for plant development. The plant vacuole also acts as a reservoir for sequestering waste products and apoptotic enzymes, thereby enabling plants to rapidly respond to fluctuating environments. Vacuoles undergo dynamic transformation through repeated enlargement, fusion, fragmentation, invagination, and constriction, eventually resulting in the typical 3-dimensional complex structure in each cell type. Previous studies have indicated that such dynamic transformations of plant vacuoles are governed by the plant cytoskeletons, which consist of F-actin and microtubules. However, the molecular mechanism of cytoskeleton-mediated vacuolar modifications remains largely unclear. Here we first review the behavior of cytoskeletons and vacuoles during plant development and in response to environmental stresses, and then introduce candidates that potentially play pivotal roles in the vacuole-cytoskeleton nexus. Finally, we discuss factors hampering the advances in this research field and their possible solutions using the currently available cutting-edge technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotomo Takatsuka
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Takumi Higaki
- Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
- International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Ito
- School of Biological Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
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7
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Jiang D, He Y, Zhou X, Cao Z, Pang L, Zhong S, Jiang L, Li R. Arabidopsis HOPS subunit VPS41 carries out plant-specific roles in vacuolar transport and vegetative growth. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1416-1434. [PMID: 35417008 PMCID: PMC9237685 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) complex is a conserved, multi-subunit tethering complex in eukaryotic cells. In yeast and mammalian cells, the HOPS subunit vacuolar protein sorting-associated protein 41 (VPS41) is recruited to late endosomes after Ras-related protein 7 (Rab7) activation and is essential for vacuole fusion. However, whether VPS41 plays conserved roles in plants is not clear. Here, we demonstrate that in the model plant Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), VPS41 localizes to distinct condensates in root cells in addition to its reported localization at the tonoplast. The formation of condensates does not rely on the known upstream regulators but depends on VPS41 self-interaction and is essential for vegetative growth regulation. Genetic evidence indicates that VPS41 is required for both homotypic vacuole fusion and cargo sorting from the adaptor protein complex 3, Rab5, and Golgi-independent pathways but is dispensable for the Rab7 cargo inositol transporter 1. We also show that VPS41 has HOPS-independent functions in vacuolar transport. Taken together, our findings indicate that Arabidopsis VPS41 is a unique subunit of the HOPS complex that carries out plant-specific roles in both vacuolar transport and developmental regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yilin He
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiangui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Zhiran Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Lei Pang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at the College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liwen Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Cell and Developmental Biology and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong, China
- CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Ruixi Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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8
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Hao G, Zhao X, Zhang M, Ying J, Yu F, Li S, Zhang Y. Vesicle trafficking in
Arabidopsis
pollen tubes. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2231-2242. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guang‐Jiu Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Xin‐Ying Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | | | - Jun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Fei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology College of Life Sciences Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an, Shandong China
- College of Life Sciences Nankai University China
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses Nankai University China
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9
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Aniento F, Sánchez de Medina Hernández V, Dagdas Y, Rojas-Pierce M, Russinova E. Molecular mechanisms of endomembrane trafficking in plants. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:146-173. [PMID: 34550393 PMCID: PMC8773984 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Endomembrane trafficking is essential for all eukaryotic cells. The best-characterized membrane trafficking organelles include the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi apparatus, early and recycling endosomes, multivesicular body, or late endosome, lysosome/vacuole, and plasma membrane. Although historically plants have given rise to cell biology, our understanding of membrane trafficking has mainly been shaped by the much more studied mammalian and yeast models. Whereas organelles and major protein families that regulate endomembrane trafficking are largely conserved across all eukaryotes, exciting variations are emerging from advances in plant cell biology research. In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on plant endomembrane trafficking, with a focus on four distinct trafficking pathways: ER-to-Golgi transport, endocytosis, trans-Golgi network-to-vacuole transport, and autophagy. We acknowledge the conservation and commonalities in the trafficking machinery across species, with emphasis on diversity and plant-specific features. Understanding the function of organelles and the trafficking machinery currently nonexistent in well-known model organisms will provide great opportunities to acquire new insights into the fundamental cellular process of membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Víctor Sánchez de Medina Hernández
- Gregor Mendel Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, 1030 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, A-1030, Vienna, Austria
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10
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Hou S, Shi J, Hao L, Wang Z, Liao Y, Gu H, Dong J, Dresselhaus T, Zhong S, Qu LJ. VPS18-regulated vesicle trafficking controls the secretion of pectin and its modifying enzyme during pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3042-3056. [PMID: 34125904 PMCID: PMC8462820 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotes, homotypic fusion and vacuolar protein sorting (HOPS) as well as class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET) are evolutionarily conserved membrane tethering complexes that play important roles in lysosomal/vacuolar trafficking. Whether HOPS and CORVET control endomembrane trafficking in pollen tubes, the fastest growing plant cells, remains largely elusive. In this study, we demonstrate that the four core components shared by the two complexes, Vacuole protein sorting 11 (VPS11), VPS16, VPS33, and VPS18, are all essential for pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis thaliana and thus for plant reproduction success. We used VPS18 as a representative core component of the complexes to show that the protein is localized to both multivesicular bodies (MVBs) and the tonoplast in a growing pollen tube. Mutant vps18 pollen tubes grew more slowly in vivo, resulting in a significant reduction in male transmission efficiency. Additional studies revealed that membrane fusion from MVBs to vacuoles is severely compromised in vps18 pollen tubes, corroborating the function of VPS18 in late endocytic trafficking. Furthermore, vps18 pollen tubes produce excessive exocytic vesicles at the apical zone and excessive amounts of pectin and pectin methylesterases in the cell wall. In conclusion, this study establishes an additional conserved role of HOPS/CORVET in homotypic membrane fusion during vacuole biogenesis in pollen tubes and reveals a feedback regulation of HOPS/CORVET in the secretion of cell wall modification enzymes of rapidly growing plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiying Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihong Hao
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
- School of Life Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi Province 030006, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhijuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yalan Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongya Gu
- State Key Laboratory for Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China
| | - Juan Dong
- The Waksman Institute of Microbiology, Rutgers the State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - Thomas Dresselhaus
- Cell Biology and Plant Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Author for correspondence: (S.Z.), (L.-J.Q.)
| | - Li-Jia Qu
- Author for correspondence: (S.Z.), (L.-J.Q.)
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11
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Robinson R, Sollapura V, Couroux P, Sprott D, Ravensdale M, Routly E, Xing T, Robert LS. The Brassica mature pollen and stigma proteomes: preparing to meet. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1546-1568. [PMID: 33650121 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Successful pollination in Brassica brings together the mature pollen grain and stigma papilla, initiating an intricate series of molecular processes meant to eventually enable sperm cell delivery for fertilization and reproduction. At maturity, the pollen and stigma cells have acquired proteomes, comprising the primary molecular effectors required upon their meeting. Knowledge of the roles and global composition of these proteomes in Brassica species is largely lacking. To address this gap, gel-free shotgun proteomics was performed on the mature pollen and stigma of Brassica carinata, a representative of the Brassica family and its many crop species (e.g. Brassica napus, Brassica oleracea and Brassica rapa) that holds considerable potential as a bio-industrial crop. A total of 5608 and 7703 B. carinata mature pollen and stigma proteins were identified, respectively. The pollen and stigma proteomes were found to reflect not only their many common functional and developmental objectives, but also the important differences underlying their cellular specialization. Isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) was exploited in the first analysis of a developing Brassicaceae stigma, and revealed 251 B. carinata proteins that were differentially abundant during stigma maturation, providing insight into proteins involved in the initial phases of pollination. Corresponding pollen and stigma transcriptomes were also generated, highlighting functional divergences between the proteome and transcriptome during different stages of pollen-stigma interaction. This study illustrates the investigative potential of combining the most comprehensive Brassicaceae pollen and stigma proteomes to date with iTRAQ and transcriptome data to provide a unique global perspective of pollen and stigma development and interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reneé Robinson
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Vishwanath Sollapura
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Philippe Couroux
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Dave Sprott
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Michael Ravensdale
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Routly
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Tim Xing
- Department of Biology, Carleton University, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Laurian S Robert
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
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12
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Radin I, Richardson RA, Coomey JH, Weiner ER, Bascom CS, Li T, Bezanilla M, Haswell ES. Plant PIEZO homologs modulate vacuole morphology during tip growth. Science 2021; 373:586-590. [PMID: 34326243 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe6310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In animals, PIEZOs are plasma membrane-localized cation channels involved in diverse mechanosensory processes. We investigated PIEZO function in tip-growing cells in the moss Physcomitrium patens and the flowering plant Arabidopsis thaliana PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 redundantly contribute to the normal growth, size, and cytoplasmic calcium oscillations of caulonemal cells. Both PpPIEZO1 and PpPIEZO2 localized to vacuolar membranes. Loss-of-function, gain-of-function, and overexpression mutants revealed that moss PIEZO homologs promote increased complexity of vacuolar membranes through tubulation, internalization, and/or fission. Arabidopsis PIEZO1 also localized to the tonoplast and is required for vacuole tubulation in the tips of pollen tubes. We propose that in plant cells the tonoplast has more freedom of movement than the plasma membrane, making it a more effective location for mechanosensory proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Radin
- Department of Biology and NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ryan A Richardson
- Department of Biology and NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joshua H Coomey
- Department of Biology and NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ethan R Weiner
- Department of Biology and NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Ting Li
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology and NSF Center for Engineering Mechanobiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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13
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Wang L, Triviño M, Lin Z, Carli J, Eaves DJ, Van Damme D, Nowack MK, Franklin-Tong VE, Bosch M. New opportunities and insights into Papaver self-incompatibility by imaging engineered Arabidopsis pollen. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:2451-2463. [PMID: 32100005 PMCID: PMC7178406 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth is essential for plant reproduction. Their rapid extension using polarized tip growth provides an exciting system for studying this specialized type of growth. Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetically controlled mechanism to prevent self-fertilization. Mechanistically, one of the best-studied SI systems is that of Papaver rhoeas (poppy). This utilizes two S-determinants: stigma-expressed PrsS and pollen-expressed PrpS. Interaction of cognate PrpS-PrsS triggers a signalling network, causing rapid growth arrest and programmed cell death (PCD) in incompatible pollen. We previously demonstrated that transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana pollen expressing PrpS-green fluorescent protein (GFP) can respond to Papaver PrsS with remarkably similar responses to those observed in incompatible Papaver pollen. Here we describe recent advances using these transgenic plants combined with genetically encoded fluorescent probes to monitor SI-induced cellular alterations, including cytosolic calcium, pH, the actin cytoskeleton, clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME), and the vacuole. This approach has allowed us to study the SI response in depth, using multiparameter live-cell imaging approaches that were not possible in Papaver. This lays the foundations for new opportunities to elucidate key mechanisms involved in SI. Here we establish that CME is disrupted in self-incompatible pollen. Moreover, we reveal new detailed information about F-actin remodelling in pollen tubes after SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Marina Triviño
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - José Carli
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Deborah J Eaves
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniёl Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- Correspondence: or
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
- Correspondence: or
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14
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Minamino N, Ueda T. RAB GTPases and their effectors in plant endosomal transport. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 52:61-68. [PMID: 31454706 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The plant endomembrane system comprises distinctive membrane-bounded organelles connected with one another by the membrane trafficking system. The RAB GTPase is a key component of the membrane trafficking machinery that regulates the targeting and tethering of trafficking vesicles to target compartments by acting as a molecular switch cycling between active and inactive states. The functions of RAB GTPases are fulfilled through their interactions with several classes of interacting factors, including guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and effector proteins. Effector proteins for plant RAB GTPases consist of evolutionarily conserved and plant-unique factors, which are involved in various membrane trafficking events in plant cells in ways unique to plants. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the functions of endosomal RAB GTPases that underwent unique diversification during plant evolution, with a special focus on RAB5/RABF and RAB11/RABA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Minamino
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan
| | - Takashi Ueda
- Division of Cellular Dynamics, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan; Department of Basic Biology, SOKENDAI (Graduate University of Advanced Studies), Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan.
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15
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Madina MH, Rahman MS, Zheng H, Germain H. Vacuolar membrane structures and their roles in plant-pathogen interactions. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 101:343-354. [PMID: 31621005 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00921-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Short review focussing on the role and targeting of vacuolar substructure in plant immunity and pathogenesis. Plants lack specialized immune cells, therefore each plant cell must defend itself against invading pathogens. A typical plant defense strategy is the hypersensitive response that results in host cell death at the site of infection, a process largely regulated by the vacuole. In plant cells, the vacuole is a vital organelle that plays a central role in numerous fundamental processes, such as development, reproduction, and cellular responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. It shows divergent membranous structures that are continuously transforming. Recent technical advances in visualization and live-cell imaging have significantly altered our view of the vacuolar structures and their dynamics. Understanding the active nature of the vacuolar structures and the mechanisms of vacuole-mediated defense responses is of great importance in understanding plant-pathogen interactions. In this review, we present an overview of the current knowledge about the vacuole and its internal structures, as well as their role in plant-microbe interactions. There is so far limited information on the modulation of the vacuolar structures by pathogens, but recent research has identified the vacuole as a possible target of microbial interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Hur Madina
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Md Saifur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada
| | - Huanquan Zheng
- Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Dr. Penfield Avenue, Montreal, QC, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - Hugo Germain
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Physics, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G9A 5H7, Canada.
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16
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de Souza Chaves I, Feitosa-Araújo E, Florian A, Medeiros DB, da Fonseca‐Pereira P, Charton L, Heyneke E, Apfata JA, Pires MV, Mettler‐Altmann T, Araújo WL, Neuhaus HE, Palmieri F, Obata T, Weber AP, Linka N, Fernie AR, Nunes‐Nesi A. The mitochondrial NAD + transporter (NDT1) plays important roles in cellular NAD + homeostasis in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 100:487-504. [PMID: 31278825 PMCID: PMC6900047 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is an essential coenzyme required for all living organisms. In eukaryotic cells, the final step of NAD+ biosynthesis is exclusively cytosolic. Hence, NAD+ must be imported into organelles to support their metabolic functions. Three NAD+ transporters belonging to the mitochondrial carrier family (MCF) have been biochemically characterized in plants. AtNDT1 (At2g47490), focus of the current study, AtNDT2 (At1g25380), targeted to the inner mitochondrial membrane, and AtPXN (At2g39970), located in the peroxisomal membrane. Although AtNDT1 was presumed to reside in the chloroplast membrane, subcellular localization experiments with green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusions revealed that AtNDT1 locates exclusively in the mitochondrial membrane in stably transformed Arabidopsis plants. To understand the biological function of AtNDT1 in Arabidopsis, three transgenic lines containing an antisense construct of AtNDT1 under the control of the 35S promoter alongside a T-DNA insertional line were evaluated. Plants with reduced AtNDT1 expression displayed lower pollen viability, silique length, and higher rate of seed abortion. Furthermore, these plants also exhibited an increased leaf number and leaf area concomitant with higher photosynthetic rates and higher levels of sucrose and starch. Therefore, lower expression of AtNDT1 was associated with enhanced vegetative growth but severe impairment of the reproductive stage. These results are discussed in the context of the mitochondrial localization of AtNDT1 and its important role in the cellular NAD+ homeostasis for both metabolic and developmental processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabel de Souza Chaves
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Elias Feitosa-Araújo
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Alexandra Florian
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - David B. Medeiros
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Paula da Fonseca‐Pereira
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Lennart Charton
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Elmien Heyneke
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Jorge A.C. Apfata
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Marcel V. Pires
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - Tabea Mettler‐Altmann
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Wagner L. Araújo
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
| | - H. Ekkehard Neuhaus
- Department of Plant PhysiologyUniversity of KaiserslauternD‐67663KaiserslauternGermany
| | - Ferdinando Palmieri
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of Bari70125BariItaly
| | - Toshihiro Obata
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Andreas P.M. Weber
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Nicole Linka
- Department of Plant BiochemistryHeinrich Heine University Düsseldorf40225DüsseldorfGermany
| | - Alisdair R. Fernie
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Adriano Nunes‐Nesi
- Max Planck Partner GroupDepartamento de Biologia VegetalUniversidade Federal de Viçosa36570‐900ViçosaMinas GeraisBrazil
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology Am Mühlenberg 114476Potsdam‐GolmGermany
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17
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Kuang L, Chen S, Guo Y, Ma H. Quantitative Proteome Analysis Reveals Changes in the Protein Landscape During Grape Berry Development With a Focus on Vacuolar Transport Proteins. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:641. [PMID: 31156689 PMCID: PMC6530609 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole plays a central role in fruit growth and quality formation, yet its proteomic landscape is largely unknown. In the present study, a protocol for isolating intact vacuoles from grape flesh tissue was successfully established. Quantitative proteome analysis identified 2533 proteins from five sampling dates along Cabernet Sauvignon berry development from stage I to III; among them, 1443 proteins were identified on all five sampling dates in at least two biological replicates per sample and were designated core proteome, and 1820 were recruited as differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) by sequential pairwise comparisons using arbitrary fold change of >1.5 and P < 0.05. Metabolism consistently constituted the largest category of identified proteins for both core proteome and DAPs, together with a consistently high proportion of protein-fate category proteins, indicating that the classic lytic functions of vegetative cell vacuoles are maintained throughout berry development; accumulation of metabolites involved in high sugar and other berry qualities in the late developmental stage added to the conventional lytic role of the flesh cell vacuoles. Overall increases in abundance of the DAPs were seen in the transporter proteins, membrane fusion/vesicle trafficking, and protein-fate categories, and decreased abundance was seen for DAPs in the stress, energy and cytoskeleton categories as berry development progressed. A very pronounced proteomic change was revealed between late stage I and mid stage II, with 915 increased and 114 decreased DAPs, demonstrating a significant surge of the vacuolar proteome underlying the rather static phenotypical and physiological phase. We identified 161 transport proteins with differential abundance, including proton pumps, aquaporins, sugar transporters, ATP-binding cassette transporters and ion transport proteins, together with organic compound transport proteins, the highest number and variety of berry tonoplast transporters found in grape proteome efforts to date. We further found a pre-positive increment of 96 transport proteins from the middle of stage II, before the berry undergoes its dramatic physiological changes at and following véraison. Our results are the first to describe the proteome of a vacuole-enriched preparation, toward understanding the functions of the largest compartment in berry cells during grape growth and ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Kuang
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shangwu Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Guo
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Huiqin Ma
- Department of Fruit Tree Sciences, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Wang L, Lin Z, Triviño M, Nowack MK, Franklin-Tong VE, Bosch M. Self-incompatibility in Papaver pollen: programmed cell death in an acidic environment. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2113-2123. [PMID: 30481323 PMCID: PMC7116307 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is a genetically controlled mechanism that prevents self-fertilization and thus encourages outbreeding and genetic diversity. During pollination, most SI systems utilize cell-cell recognition to reject incompatible pollen. Mechanistically, one of the best-studied SI systems is that of Papaver rhoeas (poppy), which involves the interaction between the two S-determinants, a stigma-expressed secreted protein (PrsS) and a pollen-expressed plasma membrane-localized protein (PrpS). This interaction is the critical step in determining acceptance of compatible pollen or rejection of incompatible pollen. Cognate PrpS-PrsS interaction triggers a signalling network causing rapid growth arrest and eventually programmed cell death (PCD) in incompatible pollen. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advances in our understanding of the major components involved in the SI-induced PCD (SI-PCD). In particular, we focus on the importance of SI-induced intracellular acidification and consequences for protein function, and the regulation of soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase (Pr-p26.1) activity by post-translational modification. We also discuss attempts to identify protease(s) involved in the SI-PCD process. Finally, we outline future opportunities made possible by the functional transfer of the P. rhoeas SI system to Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludi Wang
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Zongcheng Lin
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marina Triviño
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Moritz K Nowack
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Vernonica E Franklin-Tong
- School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - Maurice Bosch
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, UK
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19
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Damayanti F, Lombardo F, Masuda JI, Shinozaki Y, Ichino T, Hoshikawa K, Okabe Y, Wang N, Fukuda N, Ariizumi T, Ezura H. Functional Disruption of the Tomato Putative Ortholog of HAWAIIAN SKIRT Results in Facultative Parthenocarpy, Reduced Fertility and Leaf Morphological Defects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1234. [PMID: 31681360 PMCID: PMC6801985 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A number of plant microRNAs have been demonstrated to regulate developmental processes by integrating internal and environmental cues. Recently, the Arabidopsis thaliana F-box protein HAWAIIAN SKIRT (HWS) gene has been described for its role in miRNA biogenesis. We have isolated in a forward genetic screen a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) line mutated in the putative ortholog of HWS. We show that the tomato hws-1 mutant exhibits reduction in leaflet serration, leaflet fusion, some degree of floral organ fusion, and alteration in miRNA levels, similarly to the original A. thaliana hws-1 mutant. We also describe novel phenotypes for hws such as facultative parthenocarpy, reduction in fertility and flowering delay. In slhws-1, the parthenocarpy trait is influenced by temperature, with higher parthenocarpy rate in warmer environmental conditions. Conversely, slhws-1 is able to produce seeds when grown in cooler environment. We show that the reduction in seed production in the mutant is mainly due to a defective male function and that the levels of several miRNAs are increased, in accordance with previous HWS studies, accounting for the abnormal leaf and floral phenotypes as well as the altered flowering and fruit development processes. This is the first study of HWS in fleshy fruit plant, providing new insights in the function of this gene in fruit development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farida Damayanti
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Fabien Lombardo
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Jun-ichiro Masuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shinozaki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Takuji Ichino
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Hoshikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Biological Resources and Post-harvest Division, Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Okabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Innovation Center, Nippon Flour Mills Co., Ltd, Atsugi, Japan
| | - Ning Wang
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Naoya Fukuda
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Tohru Ariizumi
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ezura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hiroshi Ezura,
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20
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Onelli E, Scali M, Caccianiga M, Stroppa N, Morandini P, Pavesi G, Moscatelli A. Microtubules play a role in trafficking prevacuolar compartments to vacuoles in tobacco pollen tubes. Open Biol 2018; 8:180078. [PMID: 30381363 PMCID: PMC6223213 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.180078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Fine regulation of exocytosis and endocytosis plays a basic role in pollen tube growth. Excess plasma membrane secreted during pollen tube elongation is known to be retrieved by endocytosis and partially reused in secretory pathways through the Golgi apparatus. Dissection of endocytosis has enabled distinct degradation pathways to be identified in tobacco pollen tubes and has shown that microtubules influence the transport of plasma membrane internalized in the tip region to vacuoles. Here, we used different drugs affecting the polymerization state of microtubules together with SYP21, a marker of prevacuolar compartments, to characterize trafficking of prevacuolar compartments in Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes. Ultrastructural and biochemical analysis showed that microtubules bind SYP21-positive microsomes. Transient transformation of pollen tubes with LAT52-YFP-SYP21 revealed that microtubules play a key role in the delivery of prevacuolar compartments to tubular vacuoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Onelli
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Scali
- Department of Life Science, Siena University, Via A. Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Caccianiga
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Nadia Stroppa
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Piero Morandini
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pavesi
- Department of Biosciences, Milan University, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Phosphoinositides control the localization of HOPS subunit VPS41, which together with VPS33 mediates vacuole fusion in plants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E8305-E8314. [PMID: 30104351 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1807763115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The vacuole is an essential organelle in plant cells, and its dynamic nature is important for plant growth and development. Homotypic membrane fusion is required for vacuole biogenesis, pollen germination, stomata opening, and gravity perception. Known components of the vacuole fusion machinery in eukaryotes include SNARE proteins, Rab GTPases, phosphoinositides, and the homotypic fusion and vacuolar protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex. HOPS function is not well characterized in plants, but roles in embryogenesis and pollen tube elongation have been reported. Here, we show that Arabidopsis HOPS subunits VPS33 and VPS41 accumulate in late endosomes and that VPS41, but not VPS33, accumulates in the tonoplast via a wortmannin-sensitive process. VPS41 and VPS33 proteins bind to liposomes, but this binding is inhibited by phosphatidylinosiltol-3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] and PtdIns(3,5)P2, which implicates a nonconserved mechanism for HOPS recruitment in plants. Inducible knockdown of VPS41 resulted in dramatic vacuole fragmentation phenotypes and demonstrated a critical role for HOPS in vacuole fusion. Furthermore, we provide evidence for genetic interactions between VPS41 and VTI11 SNARE that regulate vacuole fusion, and the requirement of a functional SNARE complex for normal VPS41 and VPS33 localization. Finally, we provide evidence to support VPS33 and SYP22 at the initial stage for HOPS-SNARE interactions, which is similar to other eukaryotes. These results highlight both conserved and specific mechanisms for HOPS recruitment and function during vacuole fusion in plants.
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Zhang WT, Li E, Guo YK, Yu SX, Wan ZY, Ma T, Li S, Hirano T, Sato MH, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis VAC14 Is Critical for Pollen Development through Mediating Vacuolar Organization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:1529-1538. [PMID: 29884680 PMCID: PMC6084655 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Pollen viability depends on dynamic vacuolar changes during pollen development involving increases and decreases of vacuolar volume through water and osmolite accumulation and vacuolar fission. Mutations in FAB1A to FAB1D, the genes encoding phosphatidylinositol 3,5-bisphosphate [PI(3,5)P2]-converting kinases, are male gametophyte lethal in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) due to defective vacuolar fission after pollen mitosis I, suggesting a key role of the phospholipid in dynamic vacuolar organization. However, other genetic components that regulate the production of PI(3,5)P2 and its involvement in pollen germination and tube growth are unknown. Here, we identified and characterized Arabidopsis VAC14, a homolog of the yeast and metazoan VAC14s that are crucial for the production of PI(3,5)P2VAC14 is constitutively expressed and highly present in developing pollen. Loss of function of VAC14 was male gametophyte lethal due to defective pollen development. Ultrastructural studies showed that vacuolar fission after pollen mitosis I was compromised in vac14 mutant microspores, which led to pollen abortion. We further showed that inhibiting the production of PI(3,5)P2 or exogenous application of PI(3,5)P2 mimicked or rescued the pollen developmental defect of the vac14 mutant, respectively. Genetic interference and pharmacological approaches suggested a role of PI(3,5)P2 in pollen germination and tube growth. Our results provide insights into the function of VAC14 and, by inference, that of PI(3,5)P2 in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Tong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - En Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan-Kui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shi-Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Ting Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Tomoko Hirano
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Masa H Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8522, Japan
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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23
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Liang X, Feng QN, Li S, Zhang Y. Vacuolar trafficking in pollen tube growth and guidance. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1464854. [PMID: 29701540 PMCID: PMC6103282 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1464854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are versatile organelles in plant cells, critical for growth and responses to environmental cues. Vacuoles are dynamic tubular structures in pollen tubes, the male gametophytes. Mutations at vacuolar fusion machinery caused male gametophytic lethality by affecting pollen tube growth and guidance, which are critical steps leading to angiosperm reproduction. In comparison, the role of vacuolar trafficking and its cargoes in this process is less understood. In this mini-review, we summarize old and recent findings that indicate the involvement of vacuolar trafficking in pollen tube growth and guidance. We also point at future studies that would provide insights into a key role of vacuolar trafficking and its cargos in pollen tube growth and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qiang-Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
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24
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Feng QN, Liang X, Li S, Zhang Y. The ADAPTOR PROTEIN-3 Complex Mediates Pollen Tube Growth by Coordinating Vacuolar Targeting and Organization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 177:216-225. [PMID: 29523712 PMCID: PMC5933126 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollen tube growth is an essential step for successful plant reproduction. Vacuolar trafficking and dynamic organization are important for pollen tube growth; however, the key proteins involved in these processes are not well understood. Here, we report that the ADAPTOR PROTEIN-3 (AP-3) complex and its tonoplast cargo PROTEIN S-ACYL TRANSFERASE10 (PAT10) are critical for pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). AP-3 is a heterotetrameric protein complex consisting of four subunits, δ, β, µ, and σ. AP-3 regulates tonoplast targeting of several cargoes, such as PAT10. We show that functional loss of any of the four AP-3 subunits reduces plant fertility. In ap-3 mutants, pollen development was normal but pollen tube growth was compromised, leading to reduced male transmission. Functional loss of PAT10 caused a similar reduction in pollen tube growth, suggesting that the tonoplast association of PAT10 mediated by AP-3 is crucial for this process. Indeed, the Ca2+ gradient during pollen tube growth was reduced significantly due to AP-3 loss of function, consistent with the abnormal targeting of CALCINUERIN B-LIKE2 (CBL2) and CBL3, whose tonoplast association depends on PAT10. Furthermore, we show that the pollen tubes of ap-3 mutants have vacuoles with simplified tubules and bulbous structures, indicating that AP-3 affects vacuolar organization. Our results demonstrate a role for AP-3 in plant reproduction and provide insights into the role of vacuoles in polarized cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xin Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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25
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Distinct sets of tethering complexes, SNARE complexes, and Rab GTPases mediate membrane fusion at the vacuole in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E2457-E2466. [PMID: 29463724 PMCID: PMC5877921 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1717839115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant vacuoles play unique roles such as storage and coloring, in addition to lysosomal/vacuolar functions shared by eukaryotes: degradation and recycling of waste. To fulfill these complex and specialized functions, plant vacuolar trafficking occurs through multiple, uniquely regulated transport pathways. Two evolutionarily conserved tethering complexes, homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) and class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET), are involved in lysosomal/vacuolar trafficking in nonplant systems, although they also exist in plants. However, it remains almost entirely unknown how these tethering complexes regulate the unique aspects of plant vacuolar transport. Here, we show that HOPS and CORVET mediate distinct vacuolar trafficking pathways in coordination with different sets of soluble N-ethylmaleimide–sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) proteins and RAB GTPase. Our findings provide further evidence for the unique evolutionary diversification of the vacuolar transport system in plants. Membrane trafficking plays pivotal roles in various cellular activities and higher-order functions of eukaryotes and requires tethering factors to mediate contact between transport intermediates and target membranes. Two evolutionarily conserved tethering complexes, homotypic fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) and class C core vacuole/endosome tethering (CORVET), are known to act in endosomal/vacuolar transport in yeast and animals. Both complexes share a core subcomplex consisting of Vps11, Vps18, Vps16, and Vps33, and in addition to this core, HOPS contains Vps39 and Vps41, whereas CORVET contains Vps3 and Vps8. HOPS and CORVET subunits are also conserved in the model plant Arabidopsis. However, vacuolar trafficking in plants occurs through multiple unique transport pathways, and how these conserved tethering complexes mediate endosomal/vacuolar transport in plants has remained elusive. In this study, we investigated the functions of VPS18, VPS3, and VPS39, which are core complex, CORVET-specific, and HOPS-specific subunits, respectively. Impairment of these tethering proteins resulted in embryonic lethality, distinctly altering vacuolar morphology and perturbing transport of a vacuolar membrane protein. CORVET interacted with canonical RAB5 and a plant-specific R-soluble NSF attachment protein receptor (SNARE), VAMP727, which mediates fusion between endosomes and the vacuole, whereas HOPS interacted with RAB7 and another R-SNARE, VAMP713, which likely mediates homotypic vacuolar fusion. These results indicate that CORVET and HOPS act in distinct vacuolar trafficking pathways in plant cells, unlike those of nonplant systems that involve sequential action of these tethering complexes during vacuolar/lysosomal trafficking. These results highlight a unique diversification of vacuolar/lysosomal transport that arose during plant evolution, using evolutionarily conserved tethering components.
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26
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Brillada C, Rojas-Pierce M. Vacuolar trafficking and biogenesis: a maturation in the field. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 40:77-81. [PMID: 28865974 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The vacuole is a prominent organelle that is essential for plant viability. The vacuole size, and its role in ion homeostasis, protein degradation and storage, place significant demands for trafficking of vacuolar cargo along the endomembrane system. Recent studies indicate that sorting of vacuolar cargo initiates at the ER and Golgi, but not the trans-Golgi network/early endosome, as previously thought. Furthermore, maturation of the trans-Golgi network into pre-vacuolar compartments seems to contribute to a major route for plant vacuolar traffic that works by bulk flow and ends with membrane fusion between the pre-vacuolar compartment and the tonoplast. Here we summarize recent evidence that indicates conserved and plant-specific mechanisms involved in sorting and trafficking of proteins to this major organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Brillada
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States.
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27
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Ndinyanka Fabrice T, Kaech A, Barmettler G, Eichenberger C, Knox JP, Grossniklaus U, Ringli C. Efficient preparation of Arabidopsis pollen tubes for ultrastructural analysis using chemical and cryo-fixation. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:176. [PMID: 29078752 PMCID: PMC5658917 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pollen tube (PT) serves as a model system for investigating plant cell growth and morphogenesis. Ultrastructural studies are indispensable to complement data from physiological and genetic analyses, yet an effective method is lacking for PTs of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. METHODS Here, we present reliable approaches for ultrastructural studies of Arabidopsis PTs, as well as an efficient technique for immunogold detection of cell wall epitopes. Using different fixation and embedding strategies, we show the amount of PT ultrastructural details that can be obtained by the different methods. RESULTS Dozens of cross-sections can be obtained simultaneously by the approach, which facilitates and shortens the time for evaluation. In addition to in vitro-grown PTs, our study follows the route of PTs from germination, growth along the pistil, to the penetration of the dense stylar tissue, which requires considerable mechanical forces. To this end, PTs have different strategies from growing between cells but also between the protoplast and the cell wall and even within each other, where they share a partly common cell wall. The separation of PT cell walls in an outer and an inner layer reported for many plant species is less clear in Arabidopsis PTs, where these cell wall substructures are connected by a distinct transition zone. CONCLUSIONS The major advancement of this method is the effective production of a large number of longitudinal and cross-sections that permits obtaining a detailed and representative picture of pollen tube structures in an unprecedented way. This is particularly important when comparing PTs of wild type and mutants to identify even subtle alterations in cytoarchitecture. Arabidopsis is an excellent plant for genetic manipulation, yet the PTs, several-times smaller compared to tobacco or lily, represent a technical challenge. This study reveals a method to overcome this problem and make Arabidopsis PTs more amenable to a combination of genetic and ultrastructural analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohnyui Ndinyanka Fabrice
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andres Kaech
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gery Barmettler
- Center for Microscopy and Image Analysis, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christof Eichenberger
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J. Paul Knox
- University of Leeds, Center for Plant Sciences, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Ueli Grossniklaus
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Ringli
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology & Zurich-Basel Plant Science Center, University of Zurich, 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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28
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AtVps11 is essential for vacuole biogenesis in embryo and participates in pollen tube growth in Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:794-799. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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29
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Feng C, Wang JG, Liu HH, Li S, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis adaptor protein 1G is critical for pollen development. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 59:594-599. [PMID: 28544342 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollen development is a pre-requisite for sexual reproduction of angiosperms, during which various cellular activities are involved. Pollen development accompanies dynamic remodeling of vacuoles through fission and fusion, disruption of which often compromises pollen viability. We previously reported that the Y subunit of adaptor protein 1 (AP1G) mediates synergid degeneration during pollen tube reception. Here, we demonstrate that AP1G is essential for pollen development. AP1G loss-of-function resulted in male gametophytic lethality due to defective pollen development. By ultrastructural analysis and fluorescence labeling, we demonstrate that AP1G loss-of-function compromised dynamic vacuolar remodeling during pollen development and impaired vacuolar acidification of pollen. Results presented here support a key role of vacuoles in gametophytic pollen development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jia-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Hai-Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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30
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Hamilton ES, Haswell ES. The Tension-sensitive Ion Transport Activity of MSL8 is Critical for its Function in Pollen Hydration and Germination. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 58:1222-1237. [PMID: 28339550 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcw230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
All cells respond to osmotic challenges, including those imposed during normal growth and development. Mechanosensitive (MS) ion channels provide a conserved mechanism for regulating osmotic forces by conducting ions in response to increased membrane tension. We previously demonstrated that the MS ion channel MscS-Like 8 (MSL8) is required for pollen to survive multiple osmotic challenges that occur during the normal process of fertilization, and that it can inhibit pollen germination. However, it remained unclear whether these physiological functions required ion flux through a mechanically gated channel provided by MSL8. We introduced two point mutations into the predicted pore-lining domain of MSL8 that disrupted normal channel function in different ways. The Ile711Ser mutation increased the tension threshold of the MSL8 channel while leaving conductance unchanged, and the Phe720Leu mutation severely disrupted the MSL8 channel. Both of these mutations impaired the ability of MSL8 to preserve pollen viability during hydration and to maintain the integrity of the pollen tube when expressed at endogenous levels. When overexpressed in an msl8-4 null background, MSL8I711S could partially rescue loss-of-function phenotypes, while MSL8F720L could not. When overexpressed in the wild-type Ler background, MSL8I711S suppressed pollen germination, similar to wild-type MSL8. In contrast, MSL8F720L failed to suppress pollen germination and increased pollen bursting, thereby phenocopying the msl8-4 mutant. Thus, an intact MSL8 channel is required for normal pollen function during hydration and germination. These data establish MSL8 as the first plant MS channel to fulfill previously established criteria for assignment as a mechanotransducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Hamilton
- Department of Biology, Box 1137, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Haswell
- Department of Biology, Box 1137, Washington University in St. Louis, One Brookings Drive, Saint Louis, MO 63130, USA
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31
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Feng QN, Song SJ, Yu SX, Wang JG, Li S, Zhang Y. Adaptor Protein-3-Dependent Vacuolar Trafficking Involves a Subpopulation of COPII and HOPS Tethering Proteins. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 174:1609-1620. [PMID: 28559361 PMCID: PMC5490925 DOI: 10.1104/pp.17.00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are versatile organelles critical for plant growth and responses to environment. Vacuolar proteins are transported from the endoplasmic reticulum via multiple routes in plants. Two classic routes bear great similarity to other phyla with major regulators known, such as COPII and Rab5 GTPases. By contrast, vacuolar trafficking mediated by adaptor protein-3 (AP-3) or that independent of the Golgi has few recognized cargos and none of the regulators. In search of novel regulators for vacuolar trafficking routes and by using a fluorescence-based forward genetic screen, we demonstrated that the multispan transmembrane protein, Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) PROTEIN S-ACYL TRANSFERASE10 (PAT10), is an AP-3-mediated vacuolar cargo. We show that the tonoplast targeting of PAT10 is mediated by the AP-3 complex but independent of the Rab5-mediated post-Golgi trafficking route. We also report that AP-3-mediated vacuolar trafficking involves a subpopulation of COPII and requires the vacuolar tethering complex HOPS. In addition, we have identified two novel mutant alleles of AP-3δ, whose point mutations interfered with the formation of the AP-3 complex as well as its membrane targeting. The results presented here shed new light on the vacuolar trafficking route mediated by AP-3 in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Nan Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shi-Jian Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Shi-Xia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Jia-Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
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32
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Candidate genes for adaptation to an aquatic habitat recovered from Ranunculus bungei and Ranunculus sceleratus. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Chao Q, Gao ZF, Wang YF, Li Z, Huang XH, Wang YC, Mei YC, Zhao BG, Li L, Jiang YB, Wang BC. The proteome and phosphoproteome of maize pollen uncovers fertility candidate proteins. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 91:287-304. [PMID: 26969016 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Maize is unique since it is both monoecious and diclinous (separate male and female flowers on the same plant). We investigated the proteome and phosphoproteome of maize pollen containing modified proteins and here we provide a comprehensive pollen proteome and phosphoproteome which contain 100,990 peptides from 6750 proteins and 5292 phosphorylated sites corresponding to 2257 maize phosphoproteins, respectively. Interestingly, among the total 27 overrepresented phosphosite motifs we identified here, 11 were novel motifs, which suggested different modification mechanisms in plants compared to those of animals. Enrichment analysis of pollen phosphoproteins showed that pathways including DNA synthesis/chromatin structure, regulation of RNA transcription, protein modification, cell organization, signal transduction, cell cycle, vesicle transport, transport of ions and metabolisms, which were involved in pollen development, the following germination and pollen tube growth, were regulated by phosphorylation. In this study, we also found 430 kinases and 105 phosphatases in the maize pollen phosphoproteome, among which calcium dependent protein kinases (CDPKs), leucine rich repeat kinase, SNF1 related protein kinases and MAPK family proteins were heavily enriched and further analyzed. From our research, we also uncovered hundreds of male sterility-associated proteins and phosphoproteins that might influence maize productivity and serve as targets for hybrid maize seed production. At last, a putative complex signaling pathway involving CDPKs, MAPKs, ubiquitin ligases and multiple fertility proteins was constructed. Overall, our data provides new insight for further investigation of protein phosphorylation status in mature maize pollen and construction of maize male sterile mutants in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Chao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhi-Fang Gao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yue-Feng Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhe Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Xia-He Huang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ying-Chang Mei
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Biligen-Gaowa Zhao
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Liang Li
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Yu-Bo Jiang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Farming, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, 150086, China
| | - Bai-Chen Wang
- Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
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Heilmann I, Ischebeck T. Male functions and malfunctions: the impact of phosphoinositides on pollen development and pollen tube growth. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2016; 29:3-20. [PMID: 26676144 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0270-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Phosphoinositides in pollen. In angiosperms, sexual reproduction is a series of complex biological events that facilitate the distribution of male generative cells for double fertilization. Angiosperms have no motile gametes, and the distribution units of generative cells are pollen grains, passively mobile desiccated structures, capable of delivering genetic material to compatible flowers over long distances and in an adverse environment. The development of pollen (male gametogenesis) and the formation of a pollen tube after a pollen grain has reached a compatible flower (pollen tube growth) are important aspects of plant developmental biology. In recent years, a wealth of information has been gathered about the molecular control of cell polarity, membrane trafficking and cytoskeletal dynamics underlying these developmental processes. In particular, it has been found that regulatory membrane phospholipids, such as phosphoinositides (PIs), are critical regulatory players, controlling key steps of trafficking and polarization. Characteristic features of PIs are the inositol phosphate headgroups of the lipids, which protrude from the cytosolic surfaces of membranes, enabling specific binding and recruitment of numerous protein partners containing specific PI-binding domains. Such recruitment is globally an early event in polarization processes of eukaryotic cells and also of key importance to pollen development and tube growth. Additionally, PIs serve as precursors of other signaling factors with importance to male gametogenesis. This review highlights the recent advances about the roles of PIs in pollen development and pollen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Cellular Biochemistry, Institute for Biochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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35
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Velasquez SM, Barbez E, Kleine-Vehn J, Estevez JM. Auxin and Cellular Elongation. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 170:1206-15. [PMID: 26787325 PMCID: PMC4775141 DOI: 10.1104/pp.15.01863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator in plants. However, a comprehensive understanding of how auxin induces cell expansion is perplexing, because auxin acts in a concentration- and cell type-dependent manner. Consequently, it is desirable to focus on certain cell types to exemplify the underlying growth mechanisms. On the other hand, plant tissues display supracellular growth (beyond the level of single cells); hence, other cell types might compromise the growth of a certain tissue. Tip-growing cells do not display neighbor-induced growth constraints and, therefore, are a valuable source of information for growth-controlling mechanisms. Here, we focus on auxin-induced cellular elongation in root hairs, exposing a mechanistic view of plant growth regulation. We highlight a complex interplay between auxin metabolism and transport, steering root hair development in response to internal and external triggers. Auxin signaling modules and downstream cascades of transcription factors define a developmental program that appears rate limiting for cellular growth. With this knowledge in mind, the root hair cell is a very suitable model system in which to dissect cellular effectors required for cellular expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Melina Velasquez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (S.M.V., J.M.E.); andDepartment of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria (E.B., J.K.-V.)
| | - Elke Barbez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (S.M.V., J.M.E.); andDepartment of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria (E.B., J.K.-V.)
| | - Jürgen Kleine-Vehn
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (S.M.V., J.M.E.); andDepartment of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria (E.B., J.K.-V.)
| | - José M Estevez
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires C1405BWE, Argentina (S.M.V., J.M.E.); andDepartment of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1190 Vienna, Austria (E.B., J.K.-V.)
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36
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Ichikawa M, Iwano M, Sato MH. Nuclear membrane localization during pollen development and apex-focused polarity establishment of SYP124/125 during pollen germination in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2015; 28:143-151. [PMID: 26111864 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-015-0265-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Establishment of apex-polarity. Elongation of the pollen tube is a highly coordinated process involving polarized secretion of cell wall and membrane materials to the apical region. We investigated changes in the localization of soluble NSF attachment proteins (SNAREs) in developing pollen grains and the pollen tube for transgenic Arabidopsis expressing pollen-specific plasma-membrane Qa-SNAREs (SYP124, 125 and 131) fused with the green fluorescent protein (GFP). The expression of SYP124 and SYP125 was firstly detected in the microspore nuclear membrane during pollen mitosis II. Although SYP124, 125 and 131 accumulated throughout the cytosol in the mature pollen grain, GFP-SYP124 and GFP-SYP125 were highly concentrated in the apical or subapical regions of the elongating pollen tube with slightly different localization patterns, whereas GFP-SYP131 was uniformly localized to the plasma membrane of the pollen tube. The apex-focused polarity of GFP-SYP125 was established coincident with formation of a Ca(2+) gradient before pollen germination. These results suggest that SNAREs function differentially in the same cells and that at least two distinct membrane transport pathways are involved in the pollen development and the pollen tube germination and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie Ichikawa
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan
| | - Megumi Iwano
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630-0101, Japan
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka 8-1, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Masa H Sato
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, 606-8522, Japan.
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37
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Keinath NF, Waadt R, Brugman R, Schroeder JI, Grossmann G, Schumacher K, Krebs M. Live Cell Imaging with R-GECO1 Sheds Light on flg22- and Chitin-Induced Transient [Ca(2+)]cyt Patterns in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2015; 8:1188-200. [PMID: 26002145 PMCID: PMC5134422 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular Ca(2+) transients are an integral part of the signaling cascade during pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity in plants. Yet, our knowledge about the spatial distribution of PAMP-induced Ca(2+) signals is limited. Investigation of cell- and tissue-specific properties of Ca(2+)-dependent signaling processes requires versatile Ca(2+) reporters that are able to extract spatial information from cellular and subcellular structures, as well as from whole tissues over time periods from seconds to hours. Fluorescence-based reporters cover both a broad spatial and temporal range, which makes them ideally suited to study Ca(2+) signaling in living cells. In this study, we compared two fluorescence-based Ca(2+) sensors: the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based reporter yellow cameleon NES-YC3.6 and the intensity-based sensor R-GECO1. We demonstrate that R-GECO1 exhibits a significantly increased signal change compared with ratiometric NES-YC3.6 in response to several stimuli. Due to its superior sensitivity, R-GECO1 is able to report flg22- and chitin-induced Ca(2+) signals on a cellular scale, which allowed identification of defined [Ca(2+)]cyt oscillations in epidermal and guard cells in response to the fungal elicitor chitin. Moreover, we discovered that flg22- and chitin-induced Ca(2+) signals in the root initiate from the elongation zone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana F Keinath
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Waadt
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, 92093 La Jolla, USA
| | - Rik Brugman
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian I Schroeder
- Division of Biological Sciences, Cell and Developmental Biology Section, University of California San Diego, 92093 La Jolla, USA
| | - Guido Grossmann
- Centre for Organismal Studies, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karin Schumacher
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Melanie Krebs
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Plant Developmental Biology, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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38
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Lin PC, Hu WC, Lee SC, Chen YL, Lee CY, Chen YR, Liu LYD, Chen PY, Lin SS, Chang YC. Application of an Integrated Omics Approach for Identifying Host Proteins That Interact With Odontoglossum ringspot virus Capsid Protein. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2015; 28:711-26. [PMID: 25625820 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-08-14-0246-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The glutamic acid at position 100 (E(100)) in the capsid protein (CP) of Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) plays an important role in long-distance viral movement in Nicotiana benthamiana. The ORSV(E100A) mutant, which has a glutamic acid to alanine substitution, shows a loss of systemic infectivity in N. benthamiana. Transmission electron microscopy and size-exclusion chromatography assays showed that E(100) is essential for CP-CP interaction and viral particle assembly. To identify the ORSV triggering or response genes and CP-interacting proteins (CP-IP), an integrated omics approach based on next-generation sequencing and proteomics profiling was used in this study. The whole-transcriptomes of healthy and ORSV-infected leaves of N. benthamiana were analyzed, and the gene information was used to create a N. benthamiana protein database that was used for protein identification following mass spectrometry analysis. The integrated omics approach identified several putative host proteins that interact with ORSV CP(WT) and were categorized as photosystem subunits, defense-associated proteins, and cell division components. The expression pattern and CP interaction of these CP-IP were examined by semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and an in vitro binding assay, respectively, to verify the in silico data. Among these proteins, a proteinase inhibitor of N. benthamiana (NbPI2) was highly associated with CP(E100A) as compared with CP(WT), and NbPI1 and NbPI2 were highly induced in ORSV-infected plants. NbPI1- and NbPI2-silenced plants (via a Tobacco rattle virus-induced gene-silencing system) did not exhibit a difference in ORSV infection. Thus, whether NbPI1 and NbPI2 play a role in plant immunity requires further investigation. In summary, the integrated omics approach provides massive and valuable information to identify the ORSV CP-IP and these CP-IP will help us to understand the movement of this virus and plant-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chun Lin
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- 2 Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 81, Chang-Xing St., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Hu
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chuan Lee
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Lan Chen
- 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
- 5 Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ying Lee
- 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yet-Ran Chen
- 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Yu Daisy Liu
- 6 Department of Agronomy, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yen Chen
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Shun Lin
- 2 Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, 81, Chang-Xing St., Taipei, Taiwan
- 3 Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
- 4 Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Rd, Sec. 2, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Chun Chang
- 1 Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, Taiwan
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39
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Han SW, Alonso JM, Rojas-Pierce M. REGULATOR OF BULB BIOGENESIS1 (RBB1) Is Involved in Vacuole Bulb Formation in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125621. [PMID: 25915922 PMCID: PMC4411111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vacuoles are dynamic compartments with constant fluctuations and transient structures such as trans-vacuolar strands and bulbs. Bulbs are highly dynamic spherical structures inside vacuoles that are formed by multiple layers of membranes and are continuous with the main tonoplast. We recently carried out a screen for mutants with abnormal trafficking to the vacuole or aberrant vacuole morphology. We characterized regulator of bulb biogenesis1-1 (rbb1-1), a mutant in Arabidopsis that contains increased numbers of bulbs when compared to the parental control. rbb1-1 mutants also contain fewer transvacuolar strands than the parental control, and we propose the hypothesis that the formation of transvacuolar strands and bulbs is functionally related. We propose that the bulbs may function transiently to accommodate membranes and proteins when transvacuolar strands fail to elongate. We show that RBB1 corresponds to a very large protein of unknown function that is specific to plants, is present in the cytosol, and may associate with cellular membranes. RBB1 is involved in the regulation of vacuole morphology and may be involved in the establishment or stability of trans-vacuolar strands and bulbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Won Han
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jose M. Alonso
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Marcela Rojas-Pierce
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
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40
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Gao Y, Zhou H, Chen J, Jiang X, Tao S, Wu J, Zhang S. Mitochondrial dysfunction mediated by cytoplasmic acidification results in pollen tube growth cessation in Pyrus pyrifolia. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2015; 153:603-15. [PMID: 25135193 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The length of pollen tubes grown in synthetic media is normally shorter than those grown in vivo. However, the mechanism(s) underlying the cessation of pollen tube growth under culture conditions remain(s) largely unknown. Here, we report a previously unknown correlation between vacuolar function and the cell's ability to sustain mitochondrial functions in pear pollen tubes. The pear pollen tubes in vitro grew slowly after 15 hours post-cultured (HPC) and nearly ceased growth at 18 HPC. There was increased malondialdehyde content and membrane ion leakage at 15 HPC compared with 12 HPC. Furthermore, cytoplasmic acidification mainly mediated by decreased vacuolar H(+)-ATPase [V-ATPase, Enzyme Commission (EC) 3.6.1.3] activity was observed in pollen tubes after 15 HPC, and this further resulted in mitochondrial dysfunction, including mitochondrial structure disruption, mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and decreases in both oxygen consumption and ATP production. Our findings suggest that vacuoles and mitochondria intimately linked in regulating pollen tube elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Gao
- College of Horticulture, State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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41
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Wilkins KA, Bosch M, Haque T, Teng N, Poulter NS, Franklin-Tong VE. Self-incompatibility-induced programmed cell death in field poppy pollen involves dramatic acidification of the incompatible pollen tube cytosol. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2015; 167:766-79. [PMID: 25630437 PMCID: PMC4347735 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.252742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Self-incompatibility (SI) is an important genetically controlled mechanism to prevent inbreeding in higher plants. SI involves highly specific interactions during pollination, resulting in the rejection of incompatible (self) pollen. Programmed cell death (PCD) is an important mechanism for destroying cells in a precisely regulated manner. SI in field poppy (Papaver rhoeas) triggers PCD in incompatible pollen. During SI-induced PCD, we previously observed a major acidification of the pollen cytosol. Here, we present measurements of temporal alterations in cytosolic pH ([pH]cyt); they were surprisingly rapid, reaching pH 6.4 within 10 min of SI induction and stabilizing by 60 min at pH 5.5. By manipulating the [pH]cyt of the pollen tubes in vivo, we show that [pH]cyt acidification is an integral and essential event for SI-induced PCD. Here, we provide evidence showing the physiological relevance of the cytosolic acidification and identify key targets of this major physiological alteration. A small drop in [pH]cyt inhibits the activity of a soluble inorganic pyrophosphatase required for pollen tube growth. We also show that [pH]cyt acidification is necessary and sufficient for triggering several key hallmark features of the SI PCD signaling pathway, notably activation of a DEVDase/caspase-3-like activity and formation of SI-induced punctate actin foci. Importantly, the actin binding proteins Cyclase-Associated Protein and Actin-Depolymerizing Factor are identified as key downstream targets. Thus, we have shown the biological relevance of an extreme but physiologically relevant alteration in [pH]cyt and its effect on several components in the context of SI-induced events and PCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A Wilkins
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Bosch
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Tamanna Haque
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Nianjun Teng
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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42
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Cai G, Parrotta L, Cresti M. Organelle trafficking, the cytoskeleton, and pollen tube growth. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:63-78. [PMID: 25263392 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The pollen tube is fundamental for the reproduction of seed plants. Characteristically, it grows relatively quickly and uni-directionally ("polarized growth") to extend the male gametophyte to reach the female gametophyte. The pollen tube forms a channel through which the sperm cells move so that they can reach their targets in the ovule. To grow quickly and directionally, the pollen tube requires an intense movement of organelles and vesicles that allows the cell's contents to be distributed to sustain the growth rate. While the various organelles distribute more or less uniformly within the pollen tube, Golgi-released secretory vesicles accumulate massively at the pollen tube apex, that is, the growing region. This intense movement of organelles and vesicles is dependent on the dynamics of the cytoskeleton, which reorganizes differentially in response to external signals and coordinates membrane trafficking with the growth rate of pollen tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giampiero Cai
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, 53100, Italy
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43
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Hirakawa Y, Nomura T, Hasezawa S, Higaki T. Simplification of vacuole structure during plant cell death triggered by culture filtrates of Erwinia carotovora. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 57:127-35. [PMID: 25359592 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vacuoles are suggested to play crucial roles in plant defense-related cell death. During programmed cell death, previous live cell imaging studies have observed vacuoles to become simpler in structure and have implicated this simplification as a prelude to the vacuole's rupture and consequent lysis of the plasma membrane. Here, we examined dynamics of the vacuole in cell cycle-synchronized tobacco BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Bright Yellow 2) cells during cell death induced by application of culture filtrates of Erwinia carotovora. The filtrate induced death in about 90% of the cells by 24 h. Prior to cell death, vacuole shape simplified and endoplasmic actin filaments disassembled; however, the vacuoles did not rupture until after plasma membrane integrity was lost. Instead of facilitating rupture, the simplification of vacuole structure might play a role in the retrieval of membrane components needed for defense-related cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Hirakawa
- Department of Integrated Biosciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwanoha Kashiwa, Chiba, 277-8562, Japan
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44
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Zhang J, Li J, Garcia-Ruiz H, Bates PD, Mirkov TE, Wang X. A stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase, NbSACPD-C, is critical for ovule development in Nicotiana benthamiana. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 80:489-502. [PMID: 25155407 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/18/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Stearoyl-acyl carrier protein desaturase (SACPD) activity is essential for production of the major unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) in plant lipids. We report here the characterization of three SACPD genes from Nicotiana benthamiana, NbSACPD-A, -B, and -C. All three genes share high similarity to AtSSI2/FAB2 (Suppressor of Salicylic acid-Insensitivity2/Fatty Acid Biosynthesis2), the primary SACPD isoform in Arabidopsis. Knocking down the expression of individual or combinations of NbSACPDs by an artificial microRNA approach resulted in significantly reduced accumulation of 18C UFAs and elevated levels of 18:0-FA (Fatty acids) in leaves, indicating that all three genes participated in fatty acid desaturation. The triple knockdown (KD) plants displayed severe growth phenotypes, including spontaneous cell death and dwarfing. While no vegetative morphologic abnormality was observed in NbSACPD-A, -B, or -C KD plants, strikingly, NbSACPD-C KD plants produced small fruits with aborted ovules. Reciprocal crosses with wild-type and NbSACPD-C KD plants revealed that knocking down NbSACPD-C expression caused female, but not male, sterility. Furthermore, arrested ovule development and significantly altered lipid composition in ovaries were observed in NbSACPD-C KD plants, consistent with the predominant NbSACPD-C expression in ovules. The ovule development defect was fully complemented by coexpressing an amiRNA-resistant NbSACPD-C variant in the NbSACPD-C KD background, further supporting a specific requirement for NbSACPD-C in female fertility. Our results thus indicated that NbSACPD-C plays a critical role maintaining membrane lipid composition in ovule development for female fertility in N. benthamiana, complementing and extending prior understanding on the well-demonstrated roles of SACPDs in biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiantao Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Physiology and Weed Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
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45
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Zhang C, Hicks GR, Raikhel NV. Plant vacuole morphology and vacuolar trafficking. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:476. [PMID: 25309565 PMCID: PMC4173805 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant vacuoles are essential organelles for plant growth and development, and have multiple functions. Vacuoles are highly dynamic and pleiomorphic, and their size varies depending on the cell type and growth conditions. Vacuoles compartmentalize different cellular components such as proteins, sugars, ions and other secondary metabolites and play critical roles in plants response to different biotic/abiotic signaling pathways. In this review, we will summarize the patterns of changes in vacuole morphology in certain cell types, our understanding of the mechanisms of plant vacuole biogenesis, and the role of SNAREs and Rab GTPases in vacuolar trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Zhang
- *Correspondence: Chunhua Zhang, Center for Plant Cell Biology and Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA e-mail:
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Ibl V, Stoger E. Live Cell Imaging During Germination Reveals Dynamic Tubular Structures Derived from Protein Storage Vacuoles of Barley Aleurone Cells. PLANTS 2014; 3:442-57. [PMID: 27135513 PMCID: PMC4844346 DOI: 10.3390/plants3030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The germination of cereal seeds is a rapid developmental process in which the endomembrane system undergoes a series of dynamic morphological changes to mobilize storage compounds. The changing ultrastructure of protein storage vacuoles (PSVs) in the cells of the aleurone layer has been investigated in the past, but generally this involved inferences drawn from static pictures representing different developmental stages. We used live cell imaging in transgenic barley plants expressing a TIP3-GFP fusion protein as a fluorescent PSV marker to follow in real time the spatially and temporally regulated remodeling and reshaping of PSVs during germination. During late-stage germination, we observed thin, tubular structures extending from PSVs in an actin-dependent manner. No extensions were detected following the disruption of actin microfilaments, while microtubules did not appear to be involved in the process. The previously-undetected tubular PSV structures were characterized by complex movements, fusion events and a dynamic morphology. Their function during germination remains unknown, but might be related to the transport of solutes and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Ibl
- Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology and Crop Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.
| | - Eva Stoger
- Department for Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, Molecular Plant Physiology and Crop Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, Vienna 1190, Austria.
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Segami S, Makino S, Miyake A, Asaoka M, Maeshima M. Dynamics of vacuoles and H+-pyrophosphatase visualized by monomeric green fluorescent protein in Arabidopsis: artifactual bulbs and native intravacuolar spherical structures. THE PLANT CELL 2014; 26:3416-34. [PMID: 25118245 PMCID: PMC4371836 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.114.127571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We prepared Arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing a functional green fluorescent protein (GFP)-linked vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (H(+)-PPase) under the control of its own promoter to investigate morphological dynamics of vacuoles and tissue-specific expression of H(+)-PPase. The lines obtained had spherical structures in vacuoles with strong fluorescence, which are referred to as bulbs. Quantitative analyses revealed that the occurrence of the bulbs correlated with the amount of GFP. Next, we prepared a construct of H(+)-PPase linked with a nondimerizing GFP (mGFP); we detected no bulbs. These results indicate that the membranes adhere face-to-face by antiparallel dimerization of GFP, resulting in the formation of bulbs. In plants expressing H(+)-PPase-mGFP, intravacuolar spherical structures with double membranes, which differed from bulbs in fluorescence intensity and intermembrane spacing, were still observed in peripheral endosperm, pistil epidermis and hypocotyls. Four-dimensional imaging revealed the dynamics of formation, transformation, and disappearance of intravacuolar spherical structures and transvacuolar strands in living cells. Visualization of H(+)-PPase-mGFP revealed intensive accumulation of the enzyme, not only in dividing and elongating cells but also in mesophyll, phloem, and nectary cells, which may have high sugar content. Dynamic morphological changes including transformation of vacuolar structures between transvacuolar strands, intravacuolar sheet-like structures, and intravacuolar spherical structures were also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoji Segami
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Sachi Makino
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Ai Miyake
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Mariko Asaoka
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Maeshima
- Laboratory of Cell Dynamics, Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
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Wudick MM, Luu DT, Tournaire-Roux C, Sakamoto W, Maurel C. Vegetative and sperm cell-specific aquaporins of Arabidopsis highlight the vacuolar equipment of pollen and contribute to plant reproduction. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 164:1697-706. [PMID: 24492334 PMCID: PMC3982734 DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.228700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The water and nutrient status of pollen is crucial to plant reproduction. Pollen grains of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) contain a large vegetative cell and two smaller sperm cells. Pollen grains express AtTIP1;3 and AtTIP5;1, two members of the Tonoplast Intrinsic Protein subfamily of aquaporins. To address the spatial and temporal expression pattern of the two homologs, C-terminal fusions of AtTIP1;3 and AtTIP5;1 with green fluorescent protein and mCherry, respectively, were expressed in transgenic Arabidopsis under the control of their native promoter. Confocal laser scanning microscopy revealed that AtTIP1;3 and AtTIP5;1 are specific for the vacuoles of the vegetative and sperm cells, respectively. The tonoplast localization of AtTIP5;1 was established by reference to fluorescent protein markers for the mitochondria and vacuoles of sperm and vegetative cells and is at variance with the claim that AtTIP5;1 is localized in vegetative cell mitochondria. AtTIP1;3-green fluorescent protein and AtTIP5;1-mCherry showed concomitant expression, from first pollen mitosis up to pollen tube penetration in the ovule, thereby revealing the dynamics of vacuole morphology in maturating and germinating pollen. Transfer DNA insertion mutants for either AtTIP1;3 or AtTIP5;1 showed no apparent growth phenotype and had no significant defect in male transmission of the mutated alleles. By contrast, a double knockout displayed an abnormal rate of barren siliques, this phenotype being more pronounced under limited water or nutrient supply. The overall data indicate that vacuoles of vegetative and sperm cells functionally interact and contribute to male fertility in adverse environmental conditions.
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The use of multidrug approach to uncover new players of the endomembrane system trafficking machinery. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1056:131-43. [PMID: 24306870 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-62703-592-7_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemical Biology is a strong tool to perform experimental procedures to study the Endomembrane System (ES) in plant biology. In the last few years, several bioactive compounds and their effects upon protein trafficking as well as organelle distribution, identity, and size in plants and yeast have been characterized. Today, several of these chemical tools are widely used to perform mutant screens and establish the trafficking pathway of a given cellular component. This chapter is a guideline to perform multidrug approaches to study the endomembrane system in plant cells. This type of approach is a powerful and useful strategy to thoroughly determine the trafficking of a specific protein as well as to perform mutant screens based on phenotypes produced by drug treatments. On the other hand, a multidrug approach can address the characterization of a new bioactive molecule and find its cellular pathway target. Overall, this approach can unravel mechanisms and identify new players in endomembrane trafficking.
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Yoshida K, Ohnishi M, Fukao Y, Okazaki Y, Fujiwara M, Song C, Nakanishi Y, Saito K, Shimmen T, Suzaki T, Hayashi F, Fukaki H, Maeshima M, Mimura T. Studies on vacuolar membrane microdomains isolated from Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells: local distribution of vacuolar membrane proteins. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 54:1571-84. [PMID: 23903016 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pct107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The local distribution of both the vacuolar-type proton ATPase (V-ATPase) and the vacuolar-type proton pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), the main vacuolar proton pumps, was investigated in intact vacuoles isolated from Arabidopsis suspension-cultured cells. Fluorescent immunostaining showed that V-PPase was distributed evenly on the vacuolar membrane (VM), but V-ATPase localized to specific regions of the VM. We hypothesize that there may be membrane microdomains on the VM. To confirm this hypothesis, we prepared detergent-resistant membranes (DRMs) from the VM in accordance with well established conventional methods. Analyses of fatty acid composition suggested that DRMs had more saturated fatty acids compared with the whole VM in phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. In the proteomic analyses of both DRMs and detergent-soluble mebranes (DSMs), we confirmed the different local distributions of V-ATPase and V-PPase. The observations of DRMs with an electron microscope supported the existence of different areas on the VM. Moreover, it was observed using total internal reflection fluorescent microscopy (TIRFM) that proton pumps were frequently immobilized at specific sites on the VM. In the proteomic analyses, we also found that many other vacuolar membrane proteins are distributed differently in DRMs and DSMs. Based on the results of this study, we discuss the possibility that VM microdomains might contribute to vacuolar dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuhisa Yoshida
- Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, 657-8501 Japan
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