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Gui R, Ren Y, Wang Z, Li Y, Wu C, Li X, Li M, Li Y, Qian L, Xiong Y. Deciphering interleukin-18 in diabetes and its complications: Biological features, mechanisms, and therapeutic perspectives. Obes Rev 2024; 25:e13818. [PMID: 39191434 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a potent and multifunctional pro-inflammatory cytokine, plays a critical role in regulating β-cell failure, β-cell death, insulin resistance, and various complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). It exerts its effects by triggering various signaling pathways, enhancing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO), as well as promoting immune cells infiltration and β-cells death. Abnormal alterations in IL-18 levels have been revealed to be strongly associated with the onset and development of DM and its complications. Targeting IL-18 may present a novel and promising approach for DM therapy. An increasing number of IL-18 inhibitors, including chemical and natural inhibitors, have been developed and have been shown to protect against DM and diabetic complications. This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the production, biological functions, action mode, and activated signaling pathways of IL-18. Next, we shed light on how IL-18 contributes to the pathogenesis of DM and its associated complications with links to its roles in the modulation of β-cell failure and death, insulin resistance in various tissues, and pancreatitis. Furthermore, the therapeutic potential of targeting IL-18 for the diagnosis and treatment of DM is also highlighted. We hope that this review will help us better understand the functions of IL-18 in the pathogenesis of DM and its complications, providing novel strategies for DM diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runlin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ren
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengsong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaofang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Man Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yujia Li
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lu Qian
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Scientific Research Center, Xi'an Mental Health Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuyan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Xi'an Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Diseases, Xi'an No.3 Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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Kossiva L, Kakleas K, Christodouli F, Soldatou A, Karanasios S, Karavanaki K. Chronic Use of Artificial Sweeteners: Pros and Cons. Nutrients 2024; 16:3162. [PMID: 39339762 PMCID: PMC11435027 DOI: 10.3390/nu16183162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the scientific community has been highly concerned about the obesity epidemic. Artificial sweeteners are compounds that mimic the sweet taste of sugar but have no calories or carbohydrates; hence, they are very popular among patients suffering from diabetes or obesity, aiming to achieve glycemic and/or weight control. There are four different types of sweeteners: artificial, natural, rare sugars, and polyols. Artificial and natural sweeteners are characterized as non-nutritional sweeteners (NNSs) since they do not contain calories. The extended use of sweeteners has been reported to have a favorable impact on body weight and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and on tooth decay prevention. However, there is concern regarding their side effects. Several studies have associated artificial sweeteners' consumption with the development of insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), gastrointestinal symptoms, and certain types of cancer. The present review focuses on the description of different types of sweeteners and the benefits and possible deleterious effects of the chronic consumption of NNSs on children's health. Additionally, possible underlying mechanisms of the unfavorable effects of NNSs on human health are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kossiva
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kostas Kakleas
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Agia Sophia" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Foteini Christodouli
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandra Soldatou
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Spyridon Karanasios
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Karavanaki
- Diabetes and Metabolism Clinic, 2nd Department of Pediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "P&A Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Zhou M, Zhang Y, Shi L, Li L, Zhang D, Gong Z, Wu Q. Activation and modulation of the AGEs-RAGE axis: Implications for inflammatory pathologies and therapeutic interventions - A review. Pharmacol Res 2024; 206:107282. [PMID: 38914383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common foundation for the development of many non-communicable diseases, particularly diabetes, atherosclerosis, and tumors. The activation of the axis involving Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) and their receptor RAGE is a key promotive factor in the chronic inflammation process, influencing the pathological progression of these diseases. The accumulation of AGEs in the body results from an increase in glycation reactions and oxidative stress, especially pronounced in individuals with diabetes. By binding to RAGE, AGEs activate signaling pathways such as NF-κB, promoting the release of inflammatory factors, exacerbating cell damage and inflammation, and further advancing the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and tumor development. This review will delve into the molecular mechanisms by which the AGEs-RAGE axis activates chronic inflammation in the aforementioned diseases, as well as strategies to inhibit the AGEs-RAGE axis, aiming to slow or halt the progression of chronic inflammation and related diseases. This includes the development of AGEs inhibitors, RAGE antagonists, and interventions targeting upstream and downstream signaling pathways. Additionally, the early detection of AGEs levels and RAGE expression as biomarkers provides new avenues for the prevention and treatment of diabetes, atherosclerosis, and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhou Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Lin Shi
- Wuhan Caidian District Public Inspection and Testing Center, Wuhan, Hubei 430068, PR China
| | - Liangchao Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Duo Zhang
- Hubei Standardization and Quality Institute, Wuhan,Hubei 430068, PR China
| | - Zihao Gong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, China.
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Czajkowska A, Czajkowski M, Szczerbinski L, Jurczuk K, Reska D, Kwedlo W, Kretowski M, Zabielski P, Kretowski A. Exploring protein relative relations in skeletal muscle proteomic analysis for insights into insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17631. [PMID: 39085321 PMCID: PMC11292014 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-68568-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) underscores the urgent need for improved early detection techniques and effective treatment strategies. In this context, our study presents a proteomic analysis of post-exercise skeletal muscle biopsies from individuals across a spectrum of glucose metabolism states: normal, prediabetes, and T2D. This enabled the identification of significant protein relationships indicative of each specific glycemic condition. Our investigation primarily leveraged the machine learning approach, employing the white-box algorithm relative evolutionary hierarchical analysis (REHA), to explore the impact of regulated, mixed mode exercise on skeletal muscle proteome in subjects with diverse glycemic status. This method aimed to advance the diagnosis of IR and T2D and elucidate the molecular pathways involved in its development and the response to exercise. Additionally, we used proteomics-specific statistical analysis to provide a comparative perspective, highlighting the nuanced differences identified by REHA. Validation of the REHA model with a comparable external dataset further demonstrated its efficacy in distinguishing between diverse proteomic profiles. Key metrics such as accuracy and the area under the ROC curve confirmed REHA's capability to uncover novel molecular pathways and significant protein interactions, offering fresh insights into the effects of exercise on IR and T2D pathophysiology of skeletal muscle. The visualizations not only underscored significant proteins and their interactions but also showcased decision trees that effectively differentiate between various glycemic states, thereby enhancing our understanding of the biomolecular landscape of T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Czajkowska
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland.
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, A. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-369, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Marcin Czajkowski
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Lukasz Szczerbinski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Krzysztof Jurczuk
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Daniel Reska
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kwedlo
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Marek Kretowski
- Faculty of Computer Science, Bialystok University of Technology, Białystok, Poland
| | - Piotr Zabielski
- Department of Medical Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, A. Mickiewicza 2C, 15-369, Białystok, Poland
| | - Adam Kretowski
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, Białystok, Poland
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Santana-Lima B, Belaunde LHZ, de Souza KD, Rosa ME, de Carvalho JE, Machado-Jr J, Alonso-Vale MIC, Caseli L, Rando DGG, Caperuto LC. Acute Kaempferol Stimulation Induces AKT Phosphorylation in HepG2 Cells. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:764. [PMID: 38929747 PMCID: PMC11205056 DOI: 10.3390/life14060764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) stands as a prevalent global public health issue caused by deficiencies in the action of insulin and/or insulin production. In the liver, insulin plays an important role by inhibiting hepatic glucose production and stimulating glycogen storage, thereby contributing to blood glucose regulation. Kaempferitrin (KP) and kaempferol (KM), flavonoids found in Bauhinia forficata, exhibit insulin-mimetic properties, showing promise in managing T2DM. In this study, we aimed to assess the potential of these compounds in modulating the insulin signaling pathway and/or glucose metabolism. Cell viability assays confirmed the non-cytotoxic nature of both compounds toward HepG2 cells at the concentrations and times evaluated. Theoretical molecular docking studies revealed that KM had the best docking pose with the IR β subunit when compared to the KP. Moreover, Langmuir monolayer evaluation indicated molecular incorporation for both KM and KP. Specifically, KM exhibited the capability to increase AKT phosphorylation, a key kinase in insulin signaling, regardless of insulin receptor (IR) activation. Notably, KM showed an additional synergistic effect with insulin in activating AKT. In conclusion, our findings suggest the potential of KM as a promising compound for stimulating AKT activation, thereby influencing energy metabolism in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Santana-Lima
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
| | - Lucas Humberto Zimmermann Belaunde
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
| | - Karine Damaceno de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
| | - Matheus Elias Rosa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química—Ciência e Tecnologia da Sustentabilidade, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Jose Eduardo de Carvalho
- Departamento de Biologia e Ecologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Joel Machado-Jr
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Isabel Cardoso Alonso-Vale
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Caseli
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química—Ciência e Tecnologia da Sustentabilidade, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Gonçales Galasse Rando
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciana Chagas Caperuto
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Química, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil; (B.S.-L.)
- Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas—ICAQF, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema 09913-030, SP, Brazil
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Zhang Q, Lu C, Lu F, Liao Y, Cai J, Gao J. Challenges and opportunities in obesity: the role of adipocytes during tissue fibrosis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1365156. [PMID: 38686209 PMCID: PMC11056552 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1365156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a chronic disease that affects the energy balance of the whole body. In addition to increasing fat mass, tissue fibrosis occurred in white adipose tissue in obese condition. Fibrosis is the over-activation of fibroblasts leading to excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix, which could be caused by various factors, including the status of adipocytes. The morphology of adipocytes responds rapidly and dynamically to nutrient fluctuations. Adaptive hypertrophy of normal adipocytes protects peripheral organs from damage from lipotoxicity. However, the biological behavior of hypertrophic adipocytes in chronic obesity is abnormally altered. Adipocytes lead to fibrotic remodeling of the extracellular matrix by inducing unresolved chronic inflammation, persistent hypoxia, and increasing myofibroblast numbers. Moreover, adipocyte-induced fibrosis not only restricts the flexible expansion and contraction of adipose tissue but also initiates the development of various diseases through cellular autonomic and paracrine effects. Regarding anti-fibrotic therapy, dysregulated intracellular signaling and epigenetic changes represent potential candidate targets. Thus, modulation of adipocytes may provide potential therapeutic avenues for reversing pathological fibrosis in adipose tissue and achieving the anti-obesity purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chongxuan Lu
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunjun Liao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Junrong Cai
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhua Gao
- Department of Plastic and Cosmetic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Chen L, Wang J, Ren Y, Ma Y, Liu J, Jiang H, Liu C. Artesunate improves glucose and lipid metabolism in db/db mice by regulating the metabolic profile and the MAPK/PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155382. [PMID: 38382280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. Chronic metabolic abnormalities and long-term hyperglycaemia may result in a wide range of acute and chronic consequences. Previous studies have demonstrated that artesunate(ART) has antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiatherosclerotic, and other beneficial effects, but the specific regulatory mechanism is not completely clear. AIM This study investigated the effects of ART on metabolic disorders in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model db/db mice and explored the underlying mechanisms involved. METHODS C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice were used to identify the targets and molecular mechanism of ART. Metabolomic methods were used to evaluate the efficacy of ART in improving T2DM-related metabolic disorders. Network pharmacology and transcriptomic sequencing were used to analyse the targets and pathways of ART in T2DM. Finally, molecular biology experiments were performed to verify the key targets and pathways selected by network pharmacology and transcriptomic analyses. RESULTS After a 7-week ART intervention (160 mg/kg), the glucose and lipid metabolism levels of the db/db mice improved. Additionally, the oxidative stress indices, namely, the MDA and SOD levels, significantly improved (p<0.01). Linoleic acid and glycerophospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, bile acid synthesis, and purine metabolism disorders in db/db mice were partially corrected after ART treatment. Network pharmacology analysis identified important targets of ART for the treatment of metabolic disorders in T2DM . These targets are involved in key signalling pathways, including the highest scores observed for the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that ART could activate the MAPK signalling pathway and two key gene targets, HGK and GADD45. Immunoblotting revealed that ART increases p-PI3K, p-AKT, Glut2, and IRS1 protein expression and suppresses the phosphorylation of p38, ERK1/2, and JNK, returning HGK and GADD45 to their preartesunate levels. CONCLUSION Treatment of db/db mice with 160 mg/kg ART for 7 weeks significantly reduced fasting blood glucose and lipid levels. It also improved metabolic imbalances in amino acids, lipids, purines, and bile acids, thereby improving metabolic disorders. These effects are achieved by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibiting the MAPK pathway, thus demonstrating the efficacy of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yanshuang Ren
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Yujin Ma
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Luoyang Key Laboratory of Clinical Multiomics and Translational Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory of Rare Diseases, Endocrinology and Metabolism Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China.
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Li D, Fan J, Du L, Ren G. Prenylated flavonoid fractions from Glycyrrhiza glabra alleviate insulin resistance in HepG2 cells by regulating the ERK/IRS-1 and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways. Arch Pharm Res 2024; 47:127-145. [PMID: 38267702 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-024-01485-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a key factor in the pathogenesis of disrupted glucose metabolism. Although the extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra has shown significant hypoglycemic activity, its bioactive components remain to be identified, and their mechanisms of action, especially on hepatocyte glucose metabolism, are yet to be explored. In the present study, the primary compounds from Glycyrrhiza glabra [named prenylated flavonoid fractions (PFFs)] have been identified and their chemical structures have been elucidated. The therapeutic effects of PFFs extracted from G. glabra on glucose metabolism disorders and IR in high insulin-induced insulin-resistant HepG2 (IR-HepG2) cells have been determined. Glabridin (GLD) was used as a control. The results indicated that, similar to GLD, PFFs increased glucose consumption, glucose uptake, and translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the plasma membrane in IR-HepG2 cells. In addition, they enhanced the activities of glycogen synthase, glucokinase, and pyruvate kinase, while reducing the activities of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase. Furthermore, they activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathway and suppressed the extracellular signal-regulated kinase/insulin receptor substrate-1 (ERK/IRS-1) pathway. These findings suggest that, similar to GLD, PFFs can alleviate impaired glucose metabolism and alleviate IR in IR-HepG2 cells.Please check and confirm that the authors and their respective affiliations have been correctly identified and amend if necessary.The authors and their affiliations have been confirmed as correct.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defeng Li
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Jinling Fan
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China.
| | - Lin Du
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Guoyan Ren
- College of Food and Bioengineering, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
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Nam SW, Hwang JW, Han YH. A novel berberine derivative targeting adipocyte differentiation to alleviate TNF-α-induced inflammatory effects and insulin resistance in OP9 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115433. [PMID: 37696086 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and insulin resistance play important roles in the development and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The enhancement of adipocyte differentiation can improve insulin sensitivity by increasing glucose uptake, improving insulin signaling, and reducing inflammation. However, only a few adipogenic agents have shown clinical success in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The therapeutic potential of berberine in type 2 diabetes mellitus was confirmed in terms of the target gene-disease relationship using a network pharmacology database prior to synthesizing the derivatives. Novel berberine derivatives were synthesized, and compound 3b promoted adipocyte differentiation and improvement of insulin resistance in OP9 cells. Compound 3b significantly increased the expression of key adipogenic markers including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ) and promoted lipid accumulation without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α)-induced inhibition of adipocyte differentiation and the elevation of inflammatory responses were reversed by compound 3b. Subsequently glucose uptake level through insulin sensitivity improvement was enhanced by compound 3b. Mechanistically, TNF-α activated mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs): ERK, JNK, and p38, whereas compound 3b attenuated phosphorylation of three MAPKs. Finally, in silico molecular docking suggested the possible binding sites of compound 3b on PPARγ. Collectively, the adipogenic and glucose uptake effects of compound 3b were associated with its anti-inflammatory effects and reduced phosphorylation of MAPKs. These findings suggest that the berberine derivative compound 3b may be a potent antidiabetic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Woo Nam
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, the Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Wook Hwang
- INSERM UA09, University Paris Saclay, 94800 Villejuif, France
| | - Youn Ho Han
- Department of Oral Pharmacology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Iksan, the Republic of Korea.
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10
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Petrosino M, Novak L, Pasquo A, Turina P, Capriotti E, Minicozzi V, Consalvi V, Chiaraluce R. The complex impact of cancer-related missense mutations on the stability and on the biophysical and biochemical properties of MAPK1 and MAPK3 somatic variants. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:95. [PMID: 37891694 PMCID: PMC10612357 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00544-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases 1 and 3 (MAPK1 and MAPK3), also called extracellular regulated kinases (ERK2 and ERK1), are serine/threonine kinase activated downstream by the Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK signal transduction cascade that regulates a variety of cellular processes. A dysregulation of MAPK cascade is frequently associated to missense mutations on its protein components and may be related to many pathologies, including cancer. In this study we selected from COSMIC database a set of MAPK1 and MAPK3 somatic variants found in cancer tissues carrying missense mutations distributed all over the MAPK1 and MAPK3 sequences. The proteins were expressed as pure recombinant proteins, and their biochemical and biophysical properties have been studied in comparison with the wild type. The missense mutations lead to changes in the tertiary arrangements of all the variants. The thermodynamic stability of the wild type and variants has been investigated in the non-phosphorylated and in the phosphorylated form. Significant differences in the thermal stabilities of most of the variants have been observed, as well as changes in the catalytic efficiencies. The energetics of the catalytic reaction is affected for all the variants for both the MAPK proteins. The stability changes and the variation in the enzyme catalysis observed for most of MAPK1/3 variants suggest that a local change in a residue, distant from the catalytic site, may have long-distance effects that reflect globally on enzyme stability and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Petrosino
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Leonore Novak
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Pasquo
- ENEA CR Frascati, Diagnostics and Metrology Laboratory FSN-TECFIS-DIM, Frascati, Italy
| | - Paola Turina
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emidio Capriotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Velia Minicozzi
- Department of Physics, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Consalvi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberta Chiaraluce
- Chair of Pharmacology, Section of Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche "A. Rossi Fanelli", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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11
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Azizi SA, Qiu T, Brookes NE, Dickinson BC. Regulation of ERK2 activity by dynamic S-acylation. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113135. [PMID: 37715953 PMCID: PMC10591828 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK1/2) are key effector proteins of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, choreographing essential processes of cellular physiology. Here, we discover that ERK1/2 are subject to S-acylation, a reversible lipid modification of cysteine residues, at C271/C254. The levels of ERK1/2 S-acylation are modulated by epidermal growth factor (EGF) signaling, mirroring its phosphorylation dynamics, and acylation-deficient ERK2 displays altered phosphorylation patterns. We show that ERK1/2 S-acylation is mediated by "writer" protein acyl transferases (PATs) and "eraser" acyl protein thioesterases (APTs) and that chemical inhibition of either lipid addition or removal alters ERK1/2's EGF-triggered transcriptional program. Finally, in a mouse model of metabolic syndrome, we find that ERK1/2 lipidation levels correlate with alterations in ERK1/2 lipidation writer/eraser expression, solidifying a link between ERK1/2 activity, ERK1/2 lipidation, and organismal health. This study describes how lipidation regulates ERK1/2 and offers insight into the role of dynamic S-acylation in cell signaling more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saara-Anne Azizi
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tian Qiu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Noah E Brookes
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Bryan C Dickinson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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12
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Tsai MJ, Li CH, Wu HT, Kuo HY, Wang CT, Pai HL, Chang CJ, Ou HY. Long-Term Consumption of Sucralose Induces Hepatic Insulin Resistance through an Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1/2-Dependent Pathway. Nutrients 2023; 15:2814. [PMID: 37375718 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sugar substitutes have been recommended to be used for weight and glycemic control. However, numerous studies indicate that consumption of artificial sweeteners exerts adverse effects on glycemic homeostasis. Although sucralose is among the most extensively utilized sweeteners in food products, the effects and detailed mechanisms of sucralose on insulin sensitivity remain ambiguous. In this study, we found that bolus administration of sucralose by oral gavage enhanced insulin secretion to decrease plasma glucose levels in mice. In addition, mice were randomly allocated into three groups, chow diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD supplemented with sucralose (HFSUC), to investigate the effects of long-term consumption of sucralose on glucose homeostasis. In contrast to the effects of sucralose with bolus administration, the supplement of sucralose augmented HFD-induced insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, determined by glucose and insulin tolerance tests. In addition, we found that administration of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-1/2 inhibitor reversed the effects of sucralose on glucose intolerance and insulin resistance in mice. Moreover, blockade of taste receptor type 1 member 3 (T1R3) by lactisole or pretreatment of endoplasmic reticulum stress inhibitors diminished sucralose-induced insulin resistance in HepG2 cells. Taken together, sucralose augmented HFD-induced insulin resistance in mice, and interrupted insulin signals through a T1R3-ERK1/2-dependent pathway in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jie Tsai
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hao Li
- Department of Family Medicine, An Nan Hospital, China Medical University, Tainan 70965, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tsung Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Teng Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ling Pai
- Graduated Institute of Metabolism and Obesity Science, College of Nutrition, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi City 60002, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Yih Ou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70403, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
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13
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Moser C, Gosselé KA, Balaz M, Balazova L, Horvath C, Künzle P, Okreglicka KM, Li F, Blüher M, Stierstorfer B, Hess E, Lamla T, Hamilton B, Klein H, Neubauer H, Wolfrum C, Wolfrum S. FAM3D: A gut secreted protein and its potential in the regulation of glucose metabolism. Peptides 2023:171047. [PMID: 37328068 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2023.171047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The number of diabetic patients is rising globally and concomitantly so do the diabetes associated complications. The gut secretes a variety of proteins to control blood glucose levels and/or food intake. As the drug class of GLP-1 agonists is based on a gut secreted peptide and the positive metabolic effects of bariatric surgery are at least partially mediated by gut peptides, we were interested in other gut secreted proteins which have yet to be explored. In this respect we identified the gut secreted protein FAM3D by analyzing sequencing data from L- and epithelial cells of VSG and sham operated as well as chow and HFD fed mice. FAM3D was overexpressed in diet induced obese mice via an adeno-associated virus (AAV), which resulted in a significant improvement of fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The liver lipid deposition was reduced, and the steatosis morphology was improved. Hyperinsulinemic clamps indicated that FAM3D is a global insulin sensitizer and increases glucose uptake into various tissues. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that FAM3D controls blood glucose levels by acting as an insulin sensitizing protein and improves hepatic lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moser
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Katherine A Gosselé
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Miroslav Balaz
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Balazova
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Carla Horvath
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Patricia Künzle
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Katarzyna Maria Okreglicka
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fengqi Li
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III (Endocrinology, Nephrology and Rheumatology), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Birgit Stierstorfer
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Eva Hess
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lamla
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Bradford Hamilton
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Holger Klein
- Global Computational Biology and Digital Sciences Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardiometabolic Diseases Research Department, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH and Co. KG, Biberach/Riss, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8603 Schwerzenbach, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Wolfrum
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.
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14
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Ning M, Zhao Y, Dai D, Yao C, Liu H, Fang L, Wang B, Zhang Y, Cao J. Gene co-expression network and differential expression analyses of subcutaneous white adipose tissue reveal novel insights into the pathological mechanisms underlying ketosis in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)00303-X. [PMID: 37268588 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ketosis is a common nutritional metabolic disease during the perinatal period in dairy cows. Although various risk factors have been identified, the molecular mechanism underlying ketosis remains elusive. In this study, subcutaneous white adipose tissue (sWAT) was biopsied for transcriptome sequencing on 10 Holstein cows with type II ketosis [blood β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) >1.4 mmol/L; Ket group] and another 10 cows without type II ketosis (BHB ≤1.4 mmol/L; Nket group) at d 10 after calving. Serum concentrations of nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) and BHB, as indicators of excessive fat mobilization and circulating ketone bodies, respectively, were significantly higher in the Ket group than in the Nket group. Aspartate transaminase (AST) and total bilirubin (TBIL), as indicators of liver damage, were higher in the Ket group than in the Nket group. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) of the sWAT transcriptome revealed modules significantly correlated with serum BHB, NEFA, AST, TBIL, and total cholesterol. The genes in these modules were enriched in the regulation of the lipid biosynthesis process. Neurotrophic tyrosine kinase receptor type 2 (NTRK2) was identified as the key hub gene by intramodular connectivity, gene significance, and module membership. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analyses for these samples, as well as a set of independent samples, validated the downregulation of NTRK2 expression in the sWAT of dairy cows with type II ketosis. NTRK2 encodes tyrosine protein kinase receptor B (TrkB), which is a high-affinity receptor for brain-derived neurotrophic factor, suggesting that abnormal lipid mobilization in cows with type II ketosis might be associated with impaired central nervous system regulation of adipose tissue metabolism, providing a novel insight into the pathogenesis underlying type II ketosis in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao Ning
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yihan Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Dongmei Dai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Chang Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Huatao Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lingzhao Fang
- The Center for Quantitative Genetics and Genomics (QGG), Aarhus University, Aarhus 8000, Denmark; MRC Human Genetics Unit at the Institute of Genetics and Cancer, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Bo Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Jie Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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15
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Chen S, Xi M, Gao F, Li M, Dong T, Geng Z, Liu C, Huang F, Wang J, Li X, Wei P, Miao F. Evaluation of mulberry leaves’ hypoglycemic properties and hypoglycemic mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1045309. [PMID: 37089923 PMCID: PMC10117911 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1045309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of herbal medicine in treating diabetes has grown in recent years, but the precise mechanism by which it does so is still unclear to both medical professionals and diabetics. In traditional Chinese medicine, mulberry leaf is used to treat inflammation, colds, and antiviral illnesses. Mulberry leaves are one of the herbs with many medicinal applications, and as mulberry leaf study grows, there is mounting evidence that these leaves also have potent anti-diabetic properties. The direct role of mulberry leaf as a natural remedy in the treatment of diabetes has been proven in several studies and clinical trials. However, because mulberry leaf is a more potent remedy for diabetes, a deeper understanding of how it works is required. The bioactive compounds flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, polyphenols, volatile oils, sterols, amino acids, and a variety of inorganic trace elements and vitamins, among others, have been found to be abundant in mulberry leaves. Among these compounds, flavonoids, alkaloids, polysaccharides, and polyphenols have a stronger link to diabetes. Of course, trace minerals and vitamins also contribute to blood sugar regulation. Inhibiting alpha glucosidase activity in the intestine, regulating lipid metabolism in the body, protecting pancreatic -cells, lowering insulin resistance, accelerating glucose uptake by target tissues, and improving oxidative stress levels in the body are some of the main therapeutic properties mentioned above. These mechanisms can effectively regulate blood glucose levels. The therapeutic effects of the bioactive compounds found in mulberry leaves on diabetes mellitus and their associated molecular mechanisms are the main topics of this paper’s overview of the state of the art in mulberry leaf research for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sikai Chen
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Miaomiao Xi
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- Xi’an TANK Medicinal Biology Institute, Xi’an, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Min Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - TaiWei Dong
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Zhixin Geng
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Fengyu Huang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Xingyu Li
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Peifeng Wei
- Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Wei, ; Feng Miao,
| | - Feng Miao
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
- *Correspondence: Peifeng Wei, ; Feng Miao,
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16
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Lin B, Zhang X. Vitamin E Supplement Protects Against Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Mice Through nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2/heme oxygenase-1 Signaling Pathway. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2023; 16:565-574. [PMID: 36883138 PMCID: PMC9985888 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s397255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common pregnant disorder worldwide. In this study, we aimed to explore whether vitamin E (VE) treatment alone could protect against GDM in a mouse model. Methods 6-week-old C57BL/6J female mice were fed on high-fat diet for two weeks and continued with high-fat diet after pregnancy to induce GDM. The pregnant mice were orally administrated with 2.5, 25 or 250 mg/kg VE twice per day during pregnancy together with high-fat diet. Oral glucose tolerance test, insulin amounts, oxidative stress and inflammation were then measured. Results Only 250 mg/kg VE could improve glucose tolerance and insulin level in pregnant mice. VE (250 mg/kg) effectively inhibited GDM-induced hyperlipidemia, and secretion of inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. VE also significantly ameliorated maternal oxidative stress at the late stage of pregnancy, and also improved reproductive outcomes, including increasing the litter size and birth weight in GDM mice. Moreover, VE also activated GDM-reduced nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) / heme oxygenase-1 signaling pathway in the maternal liver tissues of GDM mice. Conclusion Our data clearly demonstrated that 250 mg/kg VE twice a day during pregnancy could significantly ameliorate the symptoms of GDM by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, hyperglycemia, and hyperlipidemia through Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway in GDM mice. Thus, additional VE supplement might be beneficial to GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bozhu Lin
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Longyan People’s Hospital, Longyan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- Neonatal Department, Longyan People’s Hospital, Longyan, People’s Republic of China
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17
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Tang X, Qin Q, Xu W, Zhang X. Long Non-Coding RNA TUG1 Attenuates Insulin Resistance in Mice with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus via Regulation of the MicroRNA-328-3p/SREBP-2/ERK Axis. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:267-286. [PMID: 36653891 PMCID: PMC10040623 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2021.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been illustrated to contribute to the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In the present study, we aimed to elucidate how lncRNA taurine upregulated gene 1 (TUG1) influences insulin resistance (IR) in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mouse model of GDM. METHODS We initially developed a mouse model of HFD-induced GDM, from which islet tissues were collected for RNA and protein extraction. Interactions among lncRNA TUG1/microRNA (miR)-328-3p/sterol regulatory element binding protein 2 (SREBP-2) were assessed by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HOMA pancreatic β-cell function (HOMA-β), insulin sensitivity index for oral glucose tolerance tests (ISOGTT) and insulinogenic index (IGI) levels in mouse serum were measured through conducting gain- and loss-of-function experiments. RESULTS Abundant expression of miR-328 and deficient expression of lncRNA TUG1 and SREBP-2 were characterized in the islet tissues of mice with HFD-induced GDM. LncRNA TUG1 competitively bound to miR-328-3p, which specifically targeted SREBP-2. Either depletion of miR-328-3p or restoration of lncRNA TUG1 and SREBP-2 reduced the FBG, FINS, HOMA-β, and HOMA-IR levels while increasing ISOGTT and IGI levels, promoting the expression of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway-related genes, and inhibiting apoptosis of islet cells in GDM mice. Upregulation miR-328-3p reversed the alleviative effects of SREBP-2 and lncRNA TUG1 on IR. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence that the lncRNA TUG1 may prevent IR following GDM through competitively binding to miR-328-3p and promoting the SREBP-2-mediated ERK signaling pathway inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuwen Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingxin Qin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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18
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Alur V, Raju V, Vastrad B, Vastrad C, Kavatagimath S, Kotturshetti S. Bioinformatics Analysis of Next Generation Sequencing Data Identifies Molecular Biomarkers Associated With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231155635. [PMID: 36844983 PMCID: PMC9944228 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231155635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most common metabolic disorder. The aim of the present investigation was to identify gene signature specific to T2DM. Methods The next generation sequencing (NGS) dataset GSE81608 was retrieved from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database and analyzed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between T2DM and normal controls. Then, Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, modules, miRNA (micro RNA)-hub gene regulatory network construction and TF (transcription factor)-hub gene regulatory network construction, and topological analysis were performed. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was also performed to verify the prognostic value of hub genes. Results A total of 927 DEGs (461 were up regulated and 466 down regulated genes) were identified in T2DM. GO and REACTOME results showed that DEGs mainly enriched in protein metabolic process, establishment of localization, metabolism of proteins, and metabolism. The top centrality hub genes APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1 were screened out as the critical genes. ROC analysis provides prognostic value of hub genes. Conclusion The potential crucial genes, especially APP, MYH9, TCTN2, USP7, SYNPO, GRB2, HSP90AB1, UBC, HSPA5, and SQSTM1, might be linked with risk of T2DM. Our study provided novel insights of T2DM into genetics, molecular pathogenesis, and novel therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Alur
- Department of Endocrinology, J.J.M
Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Varshita Raju
- Department of Obstetrics and
Gynecology, J.J.M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,
K.L.E. College of Pharmacy, Gadag, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Satish Kavatagimath
- Department of Pharmacognosy, K.L.E.
College of Pharmacy, Belagavi, Karnataka, India
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19
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Fazakerley DJ, van Gerwen J, Cooke KC, Duan X, Needham EJ, Díaz-Vegas A, Madsen S, Norris DM, Shun-Shion AS, Krycer JR, Burchfield JG, Yang P, Wade MR, Brozinick JT, James DE, Humphrey SJ. Phosphoproteomics reveals rewiring of the insulin signaling network and multi-nodal defects in insulin resistance. Nat Commun 2023; 14:923. [PMID: 36808134 PMCID: PMC9938909 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36549-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The failure of metabolic tissues to appropriately respond to insulin ("insulin resistance") is an early marker in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Protein phosphorylation is central to the adipocyte insulin response, but how adipocyte signaling networks are dysregulated upon insulin resistance is unknown. Here we employ phosphoproteomics to delineate insulin signal transduction in adipocyte cells and adipose tissue. Across a range of insults causing insulin resistance, we observe a marked rewiring of the insulin signaling network. This includes both attenuated insulin-responsive phosphorylation, and the emergence of phosphorylation uniquely insulin-regulated in insulin resistance. Identifying dysregulated phosphosites common to multiple insults reveals subnetworks containing non-canonical regulators of insulin action, such as MARK2/3, and causal drivers of insulin resistance. The presence of several bona fide GSK3 substrates among these phosphosites led us to establish a pipeline for identifying context-specific kinase substrates, revealing widespread dysregulation of GSK3 signaling. Pharmacological inhibition of GSK3 partially reverses insulin resistance in cells and tissue explants. These data highlight that insulin resistance is a multi-nodal signaling defect that includes dysregulated MARK2/3 and GSK3 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Fazakerley
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Julian van Gerwen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Kristen C Cooke
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Xiaowen Duan
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Elise J Needham
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Alexis Díaz-Vegas
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Søren Madsen
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Dougall M Norris
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Amber S Shun-Shion
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - James R Krycer
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QL, Australia
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QL, Australia
| | - James G Burchfield
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Pengyi Yang
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
- Computational Systems Biology Group, Children's Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Mark R Wade
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Joseph T Brozinick
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Division of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David E James
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, Australia.
| | - Sean J Humphrey
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3052, Australia.
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20
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The insulin receptor endocytosis. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 194:79-107. [PMID: 36631202 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2022.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Insulin signaling controls multiple aspects of animal physiology. At the cell surface, insulin binds and activates the insulin receptor (IR), a receptor tyrosine kinase. Insulin promotes a large conformational change of IR and stabilizes the active conformation. The insulin-activated IR triggers signaling cascades, thus controlling metabolism, growth, and proliferation. The activated IR undergoes internalization by clathrin- or caveolae-mediated endocytosis. The IR endocytosis plays important roles in insulin clearance from blood, and distribution and termination of the insulin signaling. Despite decades of extensive studies, the mechanism and regulation of IR endocytosis and its contribution to pathophysiology remain incompletely understood. Here we discuss recent findings that provide insights into the molecular mechanisms and regulatory pathways that mediate the IR endocytosis.
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21
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Lu GM, Jiang LY, Huang DL, Rong YX, Li YH, Wei LX, Ning Y, Huang SF, Mo S, Meng FH, Li HM. Advanced Platelet-Rich Fibrin Extract Treatment Promotes the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells through Activation of Tryptophan Metabolism. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2023; 18:127-142. [PMID: 34872484 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666211206150934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced platelet-rich fibrin extract (APRFE) contains a high concentration of various cytokines that are helpful for improving stem cells repair function. OBJECTIVE However, the underlying mechanism of APRFE improving stem cell repairing is not clear. METHODS We produced APRFE by centrifuging fresh peripheral blood samples and isolated and identified human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). The abundance of cytokines contained in APRFE was detected by the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ADMSCs treated with or without APRFE were collected for transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Based on the sequencing data, the expression profiles were contracted. The differentially expressed genes and lncRNA (DEGs and DElncRNAs) were obtained using for the differential expression analysis. The lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network was constructed based on the miRNet database. The further enrichment analysis results showed that the biological functions were mainly related to proliferation, differentiation, and cell-cell function. To explore the role of APRFE, the protein-protein interaction network was constructed among the cytokines included in APRFE and DEGs. Furthermore, we constructed the global regulatory network based on the RNAInter and TRRUST database. The pathways in the global regulatory network were considered as the core pathways. We found that the DEGs in the core pathways were associated with stemness scores. CONCLUSION In summary, we predicted that APRFE activated three pathways (tryptophan metabolism, mTOR signaling pathway, and adipocytokine signaling) to promote the proliferation and differentiation of ADMSCs. The finding may be helpful for guiding the application of ADMSCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ming Lu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Li-Yuan Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, 537200, China
| | - Dong-Lin Huang
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yong-Xian Rong
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Guiping People's Hospital, Guigping, Guangxi, 537200, China
| | - Yang-Hong Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Liu-Xing Wei
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, 533000, China
| | - Yan Ning
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shan-Fu Huang
- Department of Dermatology, The People's Hospital of Binyang County, Binyang, Guangxi, 530405, China
| | - Steven Mo
- Yuan Dong International Academy of Life Sciences, Nanning, China
| | - Fu-Han Meng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The People's Hospital of Binyang County, Binyang, Guangxi, 530405, China
| | - Hong-Mian Li
- Research Center of Medical Sciences, The People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region & Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanning 530021, China
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22
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Ma J, Sui F, Liu Y, Yuan M, Dang H, Liu R, Shi B, Hou P. Sorafenib decreases glycemia by impairing hepatic glucose metabolism. Endocrine 2022; 78:446-457. [PMID: 36205915 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03202-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sorafenib has been reported to reduce blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic patients in previous retrospective studies. However, the mechanism of which the hypoglycemic effects of sorafenib is not clearly explored. In this study, we investigated the effect of sorafenib on blood glucose levels in diabetic and normal mice and explored the possible mechanism. METHODS We established a mouse model of type 2 diabetes by a high-fat diet combined with a low-dose of streptozotocin (STZ), to identify the hypoglycemic effect of sorafenib in different mice. Glucose tolerance, insulin tolerance and pyruvate tolerance tests were done after daily gavage with sorafenib to diabetic and control mice. To explore the molecular mechanism by which sorafenib regulates blood glucose levels, hepatic glucose metabolism signaling was studied by a series of in vivo and in vitro experiments. RESULTS Sorafenib reduced blood glucose levels in both control and diabetic mice, particularly in the latter. The diabetic mice exhibited improved glucose and insulin tolerance after sorafenib treatment. Further studies showed that the expressions of gluconeogenesis-related enzymes, such as PCK1, G6PC and PCB, were significantly decreased upon sorafenib treatment. Mechanistically, sorafenib downregulates the expression of c-MYC downstream targets PCK1, G6PC and PCB through blocking the ERK/c-MYC signaling pathway, thereby playing its hypoglycemic effect by impairing hepatic glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION Sorafenib reduces blood glucose levels through downregulating gluconeogenic genes, especially in diabetic mice, suggesting the patients with T2DM when treated with sorafenib need more emphasis in monitoring blood glucose to avoid unnecessary hypoglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Fang Sui
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Mengmeng Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Hui Dang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Radio-Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Bingyin Shi
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China
| | - Peng Hou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory for Tumor Precision Medicine of Shaanxi Province and Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061, Xi'an, P.R. China.
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23
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Mubarak SA, Otaibi AA, Qarni AA, Bakillah A, Iqbal J. Reduction in Insulin Mediated ERK Phosphorylation by Palmitate in Liver Cells Is Independent of Fatty Acid Induced ER Stress. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173641. [PMID: 36079898 PMCID: PMC9460427 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Saturated free fatty acids (FFAs) such as palmitate in the circulation are known to cause endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. In addition to protein kinase B (AKT) signaling, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) has been implicated in the development of insulin resistance. However, there are conflicting data regarding role of ERK signaling in ER stress-induced insulin resistance. In this study, we investigated the effects of ER stress on insulin resistance and ERK phosphorylation in Huh-7 cells and evaluated how oleate prevents palmitate-mediated ER stress. Treatment with insulin resulted in an increase of 38–45% in the uptake of glucose in control cells compared to non-insulin-treated control cells, along with an increase in the phosphorylation of AKT and ERK. We found that treatment with palmitate increased the expression of ER stress genes, including the splicing of X box binding protein 1 (XBP1) mRNA. At the same time, we observed a decrease in insulin-mediated uptake of glucose and ERK phosphorylation in Huh-7 cells, without any change in AKT phosphorylation. Supplementation of oleate along with palmitate mitigated the palmitate-induced ER stress but did not affect insulin-mediated glucose uptake or ERK phosphorylation. The findings of this study suggest that palmitate reduces insulin-mediated ERK phosphorylation in liver cells and this effect is independent of fatty-acid-induced ER stress.
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24
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Luo L, Liu M. Adiponectin: friend or foe in obesity and inflammation. MEDICAL REVIEW (2021) 2022; 2:349-362. [PMID: 37724325 PMCID: PMC10388816 DOI: 10.1515/mr-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipokine predominantly produced by fat cells, circulates and exerts insulin-sensitizing, cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. Dysregulation of adiponectin and/or adiponectin signaling is implicated in a number of metabolic diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. However, while the insulin-sensitizing and cardioprotective effects of adiponectin have been widely appreciated in the field, the obesogenic and anti-inflammatory effects of adiponectin are still of much debate. Understanding the physiological function of adiponectin is critical for adiponectin-based therapeutics for the treatment of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Luo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meilian Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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25
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Modulation of adipose inflammation by cellular retinoic acid-binding protein 1. Int J Obes (Lond) 2022; 46:1759-1769. [PMID: 35794192 PMCID: PMC9492549 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-022-01175-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Obesity, a metabolic syndrome, is known to be related to inflammation, especially adipose tissue inflammation. Cellular interactions within the expanded white adipose tissue (WAT) in obesity contribute to inflammation and studies have suggested that inflammation is triggered by inflamed adipocytes that recruit M1 macrophages into WAT. What causes accumulation of unhealthy adipocytes is an important topic of investigation. This study aims to understand the action of Cellular Retinoic Acid Binding Protein 1 (CRABP1) in WAT inflammation. Methods Eight weeks-old wild type (WT) and Crabp1 knockout (CKO) mice were fed with a normal diet (ND) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored. WATs and serum were collected for cellular and molecular analyses to determine affected signaling pathways. In cell culture studies, primary adipocyte differentiation and bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) were used to examine adipocytes’ effects, mediated by CRABP1, in macrophage polarization. The 3T3L1-adipocyte was used to validate relevant signaling pathways. Results CKO mice developed an obese phenotype, more severely under high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Further, CKO’s WAT exhibited a more severe inflammatory state as compared to wild type (WT) WAT, with a significantly expanded M1-like macrophage population. However, this was not caused by intrinsic defects of CKO macrophages. Rather, CKO adipocytes produced a significantly reduced level of adiponectin and had significantly lowered mitochondrial DNA content. CKO adipocyte-conditioned medium, compared to WT control, inhibited M2-like (CD206+) macrophage polarization. Mechanistically, defects in CKO adipocytes involved the ERK1/2 signaling pathway that could be modulated by CRABP1. Conclusions This study shows that CRABP1 plays a protective role against HFD-induced WAT inflammation through, in part, its regulation of adiponectin production and mitochondrial homeostasis in adipocytes, thereby modulating macrophage polarization in WAT to control its inflammatory potential.
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Shen Y, Chen L, Zhou J, Wang C, Gao F, Zhu W, Hu G, Ma X, Xia H, Bao Y. Low total osteocalcin levels are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes: a real-world study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:98. [PMID: 35681236 PMCID: PMC9185881 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01539-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association between osteocalcin and mortality has been scantly studied. We aimed to investigate the association between osteocalcin along with its trajectories and mortality based on long-term longitudinal data. METHODS We performed a retrospective cohort study of 9413 type 2 diabetic patients with at least three measurements of total serum osteocalcin within 3 years since their first inpatient diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Baseline, mean values of osteocalcin levels and their trajectories were used as exposures. A multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the association of osteocalcin levels and their trajectories with mortality. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 5.37 years, 1638 patients died, of whom 588 were due to cardiovascular events. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) across quintiles of baseline osteocalcin levels were 2.88 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.42-3.42), 1.65 (95% CI 1.37-1.99), 1.17 (95% CI 0.96-1.42), 1.00, and 1.92 (95% CI 1.60-2.30) for all-cause mortality, and 3.52 (95% CI 2.63-4.71), 2.00 (95% CI 1.46-2.73), 1.03 (95% CI 0.72-1.47), 1.00, 1.67 (95% CI 1.21-2.31) for CVD mortality, respectively. When we used the mean values of osteocalcin as the exposure, U-shaped associations were also found. These U-shaped associations were consistent among patients of different baseline characteristics. Patients with a stable or even increasing trajectory of osteocalcin may have a lower risk of both all-cause and CVD mortality. CONCLUSIONS A U-shape association between baseline osteocalcin and mortality was observed among patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients with lower levels of serum osteocalcin during follow-ups had higher risks for all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.,Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Lei Chen
- Division of Vital Statistics, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Chunfang Wang
- Division of Vital Statistics, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, 70808, USA
| | - Xiaojing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
| | - Han Xia
- Division of Vital Statistics, Institute of Health Information, Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 1380 West Zhongshan Road, Shanghai, 200336, China.
| | - Yuqian Bao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Clinical Center for Metabolic Disease, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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27
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Advanced Glycation End Products and Diabetes Mellitus: Mechanisms and Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040542. [PMID: 35454131 PMCID: PMC9030615 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent hyperglycemic state in type 2 diabetes mellitus leads to the initiation and progression of non-enzymatic glycation reaction with proteins and lipids and nucleic acids. Glycation reaction leads to the generation of a heterogeneous group of chemical moieties known as advanced glycated end products (AGEs), which play a central role in the pathophysiology of diabetic complications. The engagement of AGEs with its chief cellular receptor, RAGE, activates a myriad of signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK, TGF-β, JNK, and NF-κB, leading to enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. The downstream consequences of the AGEs/RAGE axis involve compromised insulin signaling, perturbation of metabolic homeostasis, RAGE-induced pancreatic beta cell toxicity, and epigenetic modifications. The AGEs/RAGE signaling instigated modulation of gene transcription is profoundly associated with the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus and pathogenesis of diabetic complications. In this review, we will summarize the exogenous and endogenous sources of AGEs, their role in metabolic dysfunction, and current understandings of AGEs/RAGE signaling cascade. The focus of this review is to recapitulate the role of the AGEs/RAGE axis in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. Furthermore, we present an overview of future perspectives to offer new therapeutic interventions to intervene with the AGEs/RAGE signaling pathway and to slow down the progression of diabetes-related complications.
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28
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Daghigh F, Karimi P, Alihemmati A, Majidi Zolbin M, Ahmadiasl N. Swimming training modulates lung injury induced by ovariectomy in diabetic rats: involvement of inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:514-520. [PMID: 31821061 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2019.1699934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Previous studies have noted that the incidence of inflammatory and fibrotic diseases is higher in diabetic menopausal women. OBJECTIVE In the present study, we evaluated effects of swimming training on inflammatory and fibrotic biomarkers in the lung of ovariectomized diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty female rats were assigned into four groups: sham; rats underwent surgery without ovariectomies, OVX: rats that underwent ovariectomies, OVX.Dia: ovariectomized rats with high-fat diet, OVX.Dia. Exe: ovariectomized diabetic rats with 8 weeks of swimming training. At the end of experiment, protein expressions were assessed with western blot. Lung sections were subjected to immunohistochemical and haematoxylin eosin staining. RESULTS There was a significant difference in the protein expressions between exercise and ovariectomized diabetic groups (p < .05). CONCLUSION The present study showed strong potential of swimming training on oestrogen deficient diabetic lung. These data encourage further investigation into the inclusive effects of exercise in menopausal diabetic women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faeze Daghigh
- Department of Physiology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
- Tuberculosis and Lung diseases research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Pouran Karimi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Alihemmati
- Department of Histology & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Majidi Zolbin
- Department of Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Section of Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Therapy, Children's Hospital Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Naser Ahmadiasl
- Tuberculosis and Lung diseases research center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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29
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Yilmaz F, Micili SC, Erbil G. The role of FGF-4 and FGFR-2 on preimplantation embryo development in experimental maternal diabetes. Gynecol Endocrinol 2022; 38:248-252. [PMID: 34904519 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.2005782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes mellitus can cause spontaneous abortion, neonatal diseases, congenital malformations, and death. There are many studies related to the damage of in vitro hyperglycemia on embryogenesis in literature, but not enough studies on in vivo hyperglycemia effects on embryogenesis. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) molecules play an essential role in pre-implantation embryo development and diabetes pathogenesis. In our study, we researched whether FGF-4 and FGFR-2 were playing a role in maternal diabetes' effects on embryo development. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty adult virgin female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into two groups: control and diabetic. The experimental diabetes model was generated by streptozotocin (55 mg/kg, once, intraperitoneally). The control and the diabetic group were mated. Embryos were collected at the morula and blastocyte stages corresponding to the third and fourth days of pregnancy. Embryo's FGF-4 and FGFR-2 molecules were evaluated by their immunofluorescence staining and immunoreactivity score. RESULT The results clearly showed that the FGF-4 and FGFR-2 immunofluorescence reactivity was higher in the diabetes group. CONCLUSION We concluded that FGF-4 and FGFR-2 overexpression might impair mouse pre-implantation embryo development in maternal diabetes and suggest investigating whether they have crucial effects on human embryo development and infertility in maternal diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Yilmaz
- IVF Center, Hitit University Erol Olcok Research and Training Hospital, Corum, Turkey
| | - Serap Cilaker Micili
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Guven Erbil
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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Timmons JA, Anighoro A, Brogan RJ, Stahl J, Wahlestedt C, Farquhar DG, Taylor-King J, Volmar CH, Kraus WE, Phillips SM. A human-based multi-gene signature enables quantitative drug repurposing for metabolic disease. eLife 2022; 11:68832. [PMID: 35037854 PMCID: PMC8763401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) contributes to the pathophysiology of diabetes, dementia, viral infection, and cardiovascular disease. Drug repurposing (DR) may identify treatments for IR; however, barriers include uncertainty whether in vitro transcriptomic assays yield quantitative pharmacological data, or how to optimise assay design to best reflect in vivo human disease. We developed a clinical-based human tissue IR signature by combining lifestyle-mediated treatment responses (>500 human adipose and muscle biopsies) with biomarkers of disease status (fasting IR from >1200 biopsies). The assay identified a chemically diverse set of >130 positively acting compounds, highly enriched in true positives, that targeted 73 proteins regulating IR pathways. Our multi-gene RNA assay score reflected the quantitative pharmacological properties of a set of epidermal growth factor receptor-related tyrosine kinase inhibitors, providing insight into drug target specificity; an observation supported by deep learning-based genome-wide predicted pharmacology. Several drugs identified are suitable for evaluation in patients, particularly those with either acute or severe chronic IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Timmons
- William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.,Augur Precision Medicine LTD, Stirling, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Jack Stahl
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | | | - Claude-Henry Volmar
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, United States
| | | | - Stuart M Phillips
- Faculty of Science, Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Manglani K, Dey CS. CDK5 inhibition improves glucose uptake in insulin-resistant neuronal cells via ERK1/2 pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 46:488-497. [PMID: 34865281 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Role of CDK5 and its inhibition in various neuronal processes and functions are well established. However, role of CDK5 and its inhibition in neuronal insulin-signaling and-resistance is not yet explored. In the present study, we investigated the effect of CDK5 inhibition in neuronal insulin signaling, specifically insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. CDK5 expression in neuro-2a cells was increased under insulin-resistant state, developed by chronic treatment of insulin, confirming the crucial role of CDK5 in insulin resistance in neuronal cells. However, whether increased expression of CDK5 in hyperinsulinemia-mediated insulin-resistant conditions is a cause or a consequence, is still an unanswered question. We showed that CDK5 inhibition did not affect basal insulin signaling; however, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake enhanced in insulin-resistant cells. Moreover, CDK5 inhibition could improve glucose uptake, the ultimate outcome of insulin signaling, in insulin-resistant neuro-2a cells. We first time showed that CDK5 inhibition by roscovitine could ameliorate insulin resistance and increase glucose uptake in neuronal cells via ERK1/2 pathway. Our study provides intriguing insights about the effect of CDK5 inhibition on neuronal insulin resistance and opens up a new paradigm to develop new therapeutic strategies for neuronal insulin resistance and associated pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kapil Manglani
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
| | - Chinmoy S Dey
- Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, India
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Zhang Y, Jin D, An X, Duan L, Duan Y, Lian F. Lychee Seed as a Potential Hypoglycemic Agent, and Exploration of its Underlying Mechanisms. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737803. [PMID: 34690773 PMCID: PMC8531476 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Food is people's primal want. A reasonable diet and healthy food not only provide nutrients for human growth but also contribute to disease prevention and treatment, while following an unhealthy diet can lead to an increased risk of many diseases, especially metabolic disorders, such as diabetes. Nature is enriched with different food sources, and it seems that purely natural products are more in line with the current concept of health, which enhance the formation of the notion that "Food/Diet Supplements from Natural Sources as a Medicine." As a delicious fruit, the medicinal values such as anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidation, and antiglycating properties of lychee have been found. Lychee (Litchi in Chinese) is a subtropical fruit plant belonging to the family Sapindaceae. It has been widely cultivated in warm climates worldwide, particularly in China, for thousands of years. In recent years, various phytochemical components such as quercetin, procyanidin A2, and (2R)-naringenin-7-O-(3-O-αL-rhamnopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside) have been identified in a lychee seed, which may lend a lychee seed as a relatively safe and inexpensive adjuvant treatment for diabetes and diabetic complications. In fact, accumulating evidence has shown that lychee seed, lychee seed extracts, and related compounds have promising antihyperglycemic activities, including improving insulin resistance, anti-inflammatory effect, lipid regulation, neuroprotection, antineurotoxic effect, and renoprotection effect. In this review, we summarized publications on antiglycemic effects and mechanisms of lychee seed, lychee seed extracts, and related compounds, which included their efficacies as a cure for diabetes and diabetic complications in cells, animals, and humans, attempting to obtain a robust evidence basis for the clinical application and value of lychee seed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehong Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - De Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xuedong An
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liyun Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Duan
- Clinical department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengmei Lian
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Kinsella GK, Cannito S, Bordano V, Stephens JC, Rosa AC, Miglio G, Guaschino V, Iannaccone V, Findlay JBC, Benetti E. GPR21 Inhibition Increases Glucose-Uptake in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910784. [PMID: 34639123 PMCID: PMC8509304 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
GPR21 is a constitutively active, orphan, G-protein-coupled receptor, with in vivo studies suggesting its involvement in the modulation of insulin sensitivity. However, its precise contribution is not fully understood. As the liver is both a major target of insulin signalling and critically involved in glucose metabolism, the aim of this study was to examine the role of GPR21 in the regulation of glucose uptake and production in human hepatocytes. In particular, HepG2 cells, which express GPR21, were adopted as cellular models. Compared with untreated cells, a significant increase in glucose uptake was measured in cells treated with siRNA to downregulate GPR21 expression or with the GPR21-inverse agonist, GRA2. Consistently, a significantly higher membrane translocation of GLUT-2 was measured under these conditions. These effects were accompanied by an increased ratio of phAKT(Ser473)/tot-AKT and phGSK-3β(Ser9)/tot-GSK-3β, thus indicating a marked activation of the insulin signalling pathway. Moreover, a significant reduction in ERK activation was observed with GPR21 inhibition. Collectively, these results indicate that GPR21 mediates the negative effects on glucose uptake by the liver cells. In addition, they suggest that the pharmacological inhibition of GPR21 could be a novel strategy to improve glucose homeostasis and counteract hepatic insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma K. Kinsella
- School of Food Sciences and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, D07 ADY7 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Stefania Cannito
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Valentina Bordano
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - John C. Stephens
- Department of Chemistry, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Arianna C. Rosa
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - Gianluca Miglio
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - Valeria Guaschino
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - Valeria Iannaccone
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
| | - John B. C. Findlay
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland;
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Elisa Benetti
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (V.B.); (A.C.R.); (G.M.); (V.G.); (V.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0116707137
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Sánchez JC, Valencia-Vásquez A, García AM. Role of TRPV4 Channel in Human White Adipocytes Metabolic Activity. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2021; 36:997-1006. [PMID: 34648704 PMCID: PMC8566118 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2021.1167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intracellular calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis plays an essential role in adipocyte metabolism and its alteration is associated with obesity and related disorders. Transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) channels are an important Ca2+ pathway in adipocytes and their activity is regulated by metabolic mediators such as insulin. In this study, we evaluated the role of TRPV4 channels in metabolic activity and adipokine secretion in human white adipocytes. METHODS Human white adipocytes were freshly cultured and the effects of the activation and inhibition of TRPV4 channels on lipolysis, glucose uptake, lactate production, and leptin and adiponectin secretion were evaluated. RESULTS Under basal and isoproterenol-stimulated conditions, TRPV4 activation by GSK1016709A decreased lipolysis whereas HC067047, an antagonist, increased lipolysis. The activation of TRPV4 resulted in increased glucose uptake and lactate production under both basal conditions and insulin-stimulated conditions; in contrast HC067047 decreased both parameters. Leptin production was increased, and adiponectin production was diminished by TRPV4 activation and its inhibition had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that TRPV4 channels are metabolic mediators involved in proadipogenic processes and glucose metabolism in adipocyte biology. TRPV4 channels could be a potential pharmacological target to treat metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio C Sánchez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Aníbal Valencia-Vásquez
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
| | - Andrés M García
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Technological University of Pereira, La Julita, Pereira, Colombia
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Abstract
Purpose of Review Obesity is a trigger for multiple diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiological studies have shown that obesity may be a risk factor for periodontal disease. Recently, there have been reports of presumed mechanisms of the associations between periodontitis and lipid metabolism or thermogenesis. This review aims to discuss the link between periodontal disease and energy regulatory function based on recent findings. Recent Findings It has been demonstrated that activation of the C–C motif chemokine ligand/C–C chemokine receptor 7 pathway in adipose tissue induces inflammation and impairment of lipid metabolism and energy regulation in mice. Porphyromonas gingivalis administration has been shown to induce further weight gain and increased adipose tissue in diet-induced obese mice. Additionally, it has been reported that Porphyromonas gingivalis–induced endotoxemia potentially affect obesity by altering endocrine functions in brown adipose tissue in mice. Several cohort studies have shown that obesity is associated with tooth loss 5 years later, and periodontal conditions of obese individuals are significantly worse 2 and 6 months after the treatment compared with those of non-obese individuals. It has also been reported that body mass index is positively associated with the periodontal inflamed surface area index, a measure of periodontal inflammation. These results suggest that not only the enhancement of inflammation due to obesity but also the activation of inflammatory signaling may affect energy regulation. Summary Loss of adipose tissue homeostasis induces increase and activation of immune cells in adipose tissue, leading to impaired immune function in obesity. Various cytokines and chemokines are secreted from obese adipose tissue and promote inflammatory signaling. Some of these signaling pathways have been suggested to affect energy regulation. The combination of obesity and periodontitis amplifies inflammation to levels that affect the whole body through the adipose tissue. Obesity, in turn, accelerates the exacerbation of periodontitis.
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Durrani IA, Bhatti A, John P. The prognostic outcome of 'type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer' association pivots on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:351. [PMID: 34225729 PMCID: PMC8259382 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-02040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and breast cancer are complex, chronic, heterogeneous, and multi-factorial diseases; with common risk factors including but not limited to diet, obesity, and age. They also share mutually inclusive phenotypic features such as the metabolic deregulations resulting from hyperglycemia, hypoxic conditions and hormonal imbalances. Although, the association between diabetes and cancer has long been speculated; however, the exact molecular nature of this link remains to be fully elucidated. Both the diseases are leading causes of death worldwide and a causal relationship between the two if not addressed, may translate into a major global health concern. Previous studies have hypothesized hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, hormonal imbalances and chronic inflammation, as some of the possible grounds for explaining how diabetes may lead to cancer initiation, yet further research still needs to be done to validate these proposed mechanisms. At the crux of this dilemma, hyperglycemia and hypoxia are two intimately related states involving an intricate level of crosstalk and hypoxia inducible factor 1, at the center of this, plays a key role in mediating an aggressive disease state, particularly in solid tumors such as breast cancer. Subsequently, elucidating the role of HIF1 in establishing the diabetes-breast cancer link on hypoxia-hyperglycemia axis may not only provide an insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying the association but also, illuminate on the prognostic outcome of the therapeutic targeting of HIF1 signaling in diabetic patients with breast cancer or vice versa. Hence, this review highlights the critical role of HIF1 signaling in patients with both T2DM and breast cancer, potentiates its significance as a prognostic marker in comorbid patients, and further discusses the potential prognostic outcome of targeting HIF1, subsequently establishing the pressing need for HIF1 molecular profiling-based patient selection leading to more effective therapeutic strategies emerging from personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilhaam Ayaz Durrani
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Attya Bhatti
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Peter John
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Vahidi Ferdowsi P, Ahuja KDK, Beckett JM, Myers S. TRPV1 Activation by Capsaicin Mediates Glucose Oxidation and ATP Production Independent of Insulin Signalling in Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061560. [PMID: 34205555 PMCID: PMC8234135 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insulin resistance (IR), a key characteristic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM), is manifested by decreased insulin-stimulated glucose transport in target tissues. Emerging research has highlighted transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member (TRPV1) activation by capsaicin as a potential therapeutic target for these conditions. However, there are limited data on the effects of capsaicin on cell signalling molecules involved in glucose uptake. METHODS C2C12 cells were cultured and differentiated to acquire the myotube phenotype. The activation status of signalling molecules involved in glucose metabolism, including 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase 2 (CAMKK2), extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT), and src homology phosphatase 2 (SHP2), was examined. Finally, activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK, and glucose oxidation and ATP levels were measured in capsaicin-treated cells in the presence or absence of TRPV1 antagonist (SB-452533). RESULTS Capsaicin activated cell signalling molecules including CAMKK2 and AMPK leading to increased glucose oxidation and ATP generation independent of insulin in the differentiated C2C12 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TRPV1 diminished the activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK as well as glucose oxidation and ATP production. Moreover, we observed an inhibitory effect of capsaicin in the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in the mouse myotubes. CONCLUSION Our data show that capsaicin-mediated stimulation of TRPV1 in differentiated C2C12 cells leads to activation of CAMKK2 and AMPK, and increased glucose oxidation which is concomitant with an elevation in intracellular ATP level. Further studies of the effect of TRPV1 channel activation by capsaicin on glucose metabolism could provide novel therapeutic utility for the management of IR and T2DM.
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Saxena A, Mathur N, Tiwari P, Mathur SK. Whole transcriptome RNA-seq reveals key regulatory factors involved in type 2 diabetes pathology in peripheral fat of Asian Indians. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10632. [PMID: 34017037 PMCID: PMC8137704 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90148-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes has reached an epidemic proportion particularly in south Asian countries. We have earlier shown that the anatomical fat distribution, termed 'thin fat phenotype' in this population indeed plays a major role for their T2D-predisposition it is indeed the sick fat or adiposopathy, which is the root cause of metabolic syndrome and diabetes and affects both-peripheral, as well as visceral adipose tissue compartments. In present study, we have attempted to unravel the altered regulatory mechanisms at the level of transcription factors, and miRNAs those may likely accounts to T2D pathophysiology in femoral subcutaneous adipose tissue. We prioritized transcription factors and protein kinases as likely upstream regulators of obtained differentially expressed genes in this RNA-seq study. An inferred network of these upstream regulators was then derived and the role of TFs and miRNAs in T2D pathophysiology was explored. In conclusions, this RNS-Seq study finds that peripheral subcutaneous adipose tissue among Asian Indians show pathology characterized by altered lipid, glucose and protein metabolism, adipogenesis defect and inflammation. A network of regulatory transcription factors, protein kinases and microRNAs have been imputed which converge on the process of adipogenesis. As the majority of these genes also showed altered expression in diabetics and some of them are also circulatory, therefore they deserve further investigation for potential clinical diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Saxena
- Department of Computer Engineering and Applications, Institute of Engineering and Technology, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Nitish Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, 302004, India
| | - Pradeep Tiwari
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, 302004, India
- Department of Chemistry, School of Basic Sciences, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur, 303007, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Mathur
- Department of Endocrinology, Sawai Man Singh Medical College and Hospital, Jaipur, 302004, India.
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Li M, Xiao YB, Wang XT, Zhuang JP, Zhou CL. Proline-Serine-Threonine Phosphatase-Interacting Protein 2 Alleviates Diabetes Mellitus-Osteoarthritis in Rats through Attenuating Synovial Inflammation and Cartilage Injury. Orthop Surg 2021; 13:1398-1407. [PMID: 33939302 PMCID: PMC8274158 DOI: 10.1111/os.13000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the possible way of proline‐serine–threonine phosphatase‐interacting protein 2 (PSTPIP2) influencing diabetes mellitus‐osteoarthritis (DM‐OA) progression. Methods In vivo, eight‐week‐old male Sprague Dawley rats were induced with DM‐OA by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin with high‐fat diet feeding and intra‐articular injection of monoiodoacetate. PSTPIP2 overexpression was achieved by intra‐articular injection of lentivirus vectors. PSTPIP2 expression was verified by real‐time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Histological changes were examined by hematoxylin/eosin and safranin‐O/fast‐green staining. In vitro, rat synovial fibroblasts were induced DM‐OA by stimulation of high glucose (HG) and interleukin (IL)‐1β. PSTPIP2 overexpression was achieved by lentivirus infection. U0126 was added as an ERK inhibitor. Levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β were detected using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐3, MMP‐13, aggrecanase‐2 (ADAMTS‐5), intercellular cell adhesion molecule (ICAM)‐1, extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and phospho‐ERK (p‐ERK) was detected by Western blotting. Results In DM‐OA rats, PSTPIP2 relative messenger RNA (mRNA) level was significantly decreased compared to control rats. The protein expression was also decreased obviously. Inflammation score in synovium was dramatically increased, accompanying with increased TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels. Osteoarthritis research society international (OARSI) score in cartilage was markedly increased, along with increased MMP‐3, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐5, ICAM‐1, ERK and p‐ERK expression. In PSTPIP2‐overexpressed DM‐OA rats, PSTPIP2 mRNA level and protein expression was increased compared to DM‐OA rats received negative‐control lentivirus vectors. The inflammation score, as well as TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β levels were dramatically decreased. Also, the OARSI score and protein expression of MMP‐3, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐5, ICAM‐1, ERK and p‐ERK were decreased. In HG+IL‐1β‐treated rat synovial fibroblasts, PSTPIP2 protein expression was decreased compared to normal glucose (NG)‐treated cells. Levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, as well as expression of MMP‐3, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐5, ICAM‐1, ERK and p‐ERK were increased. After cells were infected with PSTPIP2‐overexpressed lentivirus, levels of TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1β, and expression of MMP‐3, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐5, ICAM‐1, ERK and p‐ERK were obviously decreased compared to cells infected with NC lentivirus. In addition, ERK inhibitor U0126 treatment also decreased the TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐1βlevels and MMP‐3, MMP‐13, ADAMTS‐5, ICAM‐1, ERK and p‐ERK expression in HG + IL‐1β treated rat synovial fibroblasts. Conclusion Overexpression of PSTPIP2 alleviates synovial inflammation and cartilage injury during DM‐OA progression via inhibiting ERK phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yan-Bo Xiao
- Heilongjiang University Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Xin-Tao Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jin-Peng Zhuang
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chang-Long Zhou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Hayashi M, Iwashita M, Nishimura Y, Shinjo T, Sano T, Yamashita A, Fukuda T, Sanui T, Asano T, Nishimura F. Adipose-specific C-C motif chemokine ligand (CCL) 19 overexpression drives the mice to both insulin resistance and weight gain. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2021; 9:9/1/e001871. [PMID: 34031140 PMCID: PMC8149363 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2020-001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Enlarged adipose tissue is characterized by infiltration of activated immune cells and increased expression of chemokines recruiting these cells including C-C motif ligand 19 (CCL19), although the role of adipose CCL19 is still inconclusive. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Adipocyte-specific Ccl19 knock-in (KI) mice were generated, and the mice were fed either a normal diet or 40% or 60% fat diet (FD) to investigate the effects of CCL19 on the induction of inflammation and lipid metabolism. RESULTS Ccl19KI mice exhibited increased inflammatory signs in adipose tissue and enlarged subcutaneous white and brown adipose tissue than those of wild-type (WT) mice. The adipose tissue of Ccl19KI mice was characterized by increased extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and decreased AMP-activated protein kinase α phosphorylation. The protein expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α and uncoupling protein 1 was significantly reduced in brown adipose tissue of Ccl19KI mice compared with that in WT mice. The most remarkable changes between genotypes were observed in mice fed a 40% FD. CONCLUSION A 40% FD enhanced the effects of CCL19 overexpression, and these mice could be a suitable model to study metabolic disorders in overweight Asians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Hayashi
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Misaki Iwashita
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanori Shinjo
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomomi Sano
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Yamashita
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takao Fukuda
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Terukazu Sanui
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomoichiro Asano
- Department of Medical Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fusanori Nishimura
- Section of Periodontology, Division of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Banerji R, Saroj SD. Early growth response 1 (EGR1) activation in initial stages of host-pathogen interactions. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:2935-2943. [PMID: 33783681 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06305-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The factors that determine the outcomes of host-pathogen interactions, such as host specificity, tissue specificity, and transition from asymptomatic to symptomatic behavior of a pathogen, are yet to be deciphered. The initial interaction of a pathogen with host and host-associated factors play a crucial role in deciding such outcomes. One of the several host-factors that contribute to bacterial adhesion and the outcome of an infection is the activation of early growth response 1 (EGR1). EGR1 is an initial response transcriptional regulator that plays a vital role in regulating cell growth, differentiation, and survival. EGR1 expression is seen in most of the mammalian tissues. Multiple post-translational modifications occur, which modulate the EGR1 transcriptional activity. Upon activation, EGR1 can transactivate several genes with diverse cellular functions, including transcriptional regulatory proteins and cell proliferation. EGR1 has also been identified as a potential mediator of inflammatory gene expression. Recent studies have highlighted the role of EGR1 as a potent signaling molecule that facilitates bacterial adhesion to host epithelial cells, thus modulating colonization pathways. The pathways for the regulation of EGR1 during host-pathogen interaction remain yet unidentified. The review focuses on the role and regulation of EGR1 during host-pathogen interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajashri Banerji
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India
| | - Sunil D Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, Maharashtra, 412115, India.
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Mooli RGR, Rodriguez J, Takahashi S, Solanki S, Gonzalez FJ, Ramakrishnan SK, Shah YM. Hypoxia via ERK Signaling Inhibits Hepatic PPARα to Promote Fatty Liver. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:585-597. [PMID: 33798787 PMCID: PMC8258975 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Fatty liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease associated with comorbidities such as insulin resistance and cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Chronic activation of hypoxic signaling, in particular, hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)2α, promotes NAFLD progression by repressing genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation through unclear mechanisms. Therefore, we assessed the precise mechanism by which HIF2α promotes fatty liver and its physiological relevance in metabolic homeostasis. METHODS Primary hepatocytes from VHL (VhlΔHep) and PPARα (Ppara-null) knockout mice that were loaded with fatty acids, murine dietary protocols to induce hepatic steatosis, and fasting-refeeding dietary regimen approaches were used to test our hypothesis. RESULTS Inhibiting autophagy using chloroquine did not decrease lipid contents in VhlΔHep primary hepatocytes. Inhibition of ERK using MEK inhibitor decreased lipid contents in primary hepatocytes from a genetic model of constitutive HIF activation and primary hepatocytes loaded with free fatty acids. Moreover, MEK-ERK inhibition potentiated ligand-dependent activation of PPARα. We also show that MEK-ERK inhibition improved diet-induced hepatic steatosis, which is associated with the induction of PPARα target genes. During fasting, fatty acid β-oxidation is induced by PPARα, and refeeding inhibits β-oxidation. Our data show that ERK is involved in the post-prandial repression of hepatic PPARα signaling. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results demonstrate that ERK activated by hypoxia signaling plays a crucial role in fatty acid β-oxidation genes by repressing hepatocyte PPARα signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja Gopal Reddy Mooli
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jessica Rodriguez
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shogo Takahashi
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington, District of Columbia; National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sumeet Solanki
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sadeesh K Ramakrishnan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
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Wang YZ, Meng L, Zhuang QS, Shen L. Screening Traditional Chinese Medicine Combination for Cotreatment of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Network Pharmacology. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 80:787-797. [PMID: 33579846 DOI: 10.3233/jad-201336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, the efficacy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) drugs in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has attracted extensive interest owing to the close associations between the two diseases. OBJECTIVE Here, we screened traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and multi-target ingredients that may have potential therapeutic effects on both T2DM and AD from T2DM prescriptions. METHODS Network pharmacology and molecular docking were used. RESULTS Firstly, the top 10 frequently used herbs and corresponding 275 active ingredients were identified from 263 T2DM-related TCM prescriptions. Secondly, through the comparative analysis of 208 potential targets of ingredients, 1,740 T2DM-related targets, and 2,060 AD-related targets, 61 common targets were identified to be shared. Thirdly, by constructing pharmacological network, 26 key targets and 154 representative ingredients were identified. Further enrichment analysis showed that common targets were involved in regulating multiple pathways related to T2DM and AD, while network analysis also found that the combination of Danshen (Radix Salviae)-Gancao (Licorice)-Shanyao (Rhizoma Dioscoreae) contained the vast majority of the representative ingredients and might be potential for the cotreatment of the two diseases. Fourthly, MAPK1, PPARG, GSK3B, BACE1, and NR3C1 were selected as potential targets for virtual screening of multi-target ingredients. Further docking studies showed that multiple natural compounds, including salvianolic acid J, gancaonin H, gadelaidic acid, icos-5-enoic acid, and sigmoidin-B, exhibited high binding affinities with the five targets. CONCLUSION To summarize, the present study provides a potential TCM combination that might possess the potential advantage of cotreatment of AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Zhen Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Meng
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Shuai Zhuang
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Research, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China.,Shandong Provincial Research Center for Bioinformatic Engineering and Technique, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Herrero-Aguayo V, Jiménez-Vacas JM, Sáez-Martínez P, Gómez-Gómez E, López-Cánovas JL, Garrido-Sánchez L, Herrera-Martínez AD, García-Bermejo L, Macías-González M, López-Miranda J, Castaño JP, Gahete MD, Luque RM. Influence of Obesity in the miRNome: miR-4454, a Key Regulator of Insulin Response Via Splicing Modulation in Prostate. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e469-e484. [PMID: 32841353 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity is a major health problem associated with severe comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, wherein microRNAs (miRNAs) might be useful as diagnostic/prognostic tools or therapeutic targets. OBJECTIVE To explore the differential expression pattern of miRNAs in obesity and their putative role in obesity-related comorbidities such as insulin resistance. METHODS An Affymetrix-miRNA array was performed in plasma samples from normoweight (n = 4/body mass index < 25) and obese subjects (n = 4/body mass index > 30). The main changes were validated in 2 independent cohorts (n = 221/n = 18). Additionally, in silico approaches were performed and in vitro assays applied in tissue samples and prostate (RWPE-1) and liver (HepG2) cell-lines. RESULTS A total of 26 microRNAs were altered (P < 0.01) in plasma of obese subjects compared to controls using the Affymetrix-miRNA array. Validation in ampler cohorts revealed that miR-4454 levels were consistently higher in obesity, associated with insulin-resistance (Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance/insulin) and modulated by medical (metformin/statins) and surgical (bariatric surgery) strategies. miR-4454 was highly expressed in prostate and liver tissues and its expression was increased in prostate and liver cells by insulin. In vitro, overexpression of miR-4454 in prostate cells resulted in decreased expression levels of INSR, GLUT4, and phosphorylation of AMPK/AKT/ERK, as well as in altered expression of key spliceosome components (ESRP1/ESRP2/RBM45/RNU2) and insulin-receptor splicing variants. CONCLUSIONS Obesity was associated to an alteration of the plasmatic miRNA landscape, wherein miR-4454 levels were higher, associated with insulin-resistance and modulated by obesity-controlling interventions. Insulin regulated miR-4454, which, in turn may impair the cellular response to insulin, in a cell type-dependent manner (i.e., prostate gland), by modulating the splicing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Herrero-Aguayo
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Jiménez-Vacas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Prudencio Sáez-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Gómez-Gómez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Urology Service, HURS/IMIBIC, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Juan L López-Cánovas
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Garrido-Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica y Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Aura D Herrera-Martínez
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Service of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Manuel Macías-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica y Endocrinología y Nutrición, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Complejo Hospitalario de Málaga (Virgen de la Victoria), Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José López-Miranda
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Justo P Castaño
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research of Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology, and Immunology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Córdoba, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
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Brown ML, Schneyer A. A Decade Later: Revisiting the TGFβ Family's Role in Diabetes. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2021; 32:36-47. [PMID: 33261990 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In 2010, we published a review summarizing the role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) family of proteins in diabetes. At that time there were still many outstanding questions that needed to be answered. In this updated review, we revisit the topic and provide new evidence that supports findings from previous studies included in the 2010 review and adds to the knowledge base with new findings and information. The most substantial contributions in the past 10 years have been in the areas of human data, the investigation of TGFβ family members other than activin [e.g., bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), nodal], and the expansion of β-cell number through various mechanisms including transdifferentiation, which was previously believed to not be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alan Schneyer
- Fairbanks Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Springfield, MA 01199, USA
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Basualto-Alarcón C, Llanos P, García-Rivas G, Troncoso MF, Lagos D, Barrientos G, Estrada M. Classic and Novel Sex Hormone Binding Globulin Effects on the Cardiovascular System in Men. Int J Endocrinol 2021; 2021:5527973. [PMID: 34335746 PMCID: PMC8318754 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5527973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In men, 70% of circulating testosterone binds with high affinity to plasma sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), which determines its bioavailability in their target cells. In recent years, a growing body of evidence has shown that circulating SHBG not only is a passive carrier for steroid hormones but also actively regulates testosterone signaling through putative plasma membrane receptors and by local expression of androgen-binding proteins apparently to reach local elevated testosterone concentrations in specific androgen target tissues. Circulating SHBG levels are influenced by metabolic and hormonal factors, and they are reduced in obesity and insulin resistance, suggesting that SHBG may have a broader clinical utility in assessing the risk for cardiovascular diseases. Importantly, plasma SHBG levels are strongly correlated with testosterone concentrations, and in men, low testosterone levels are associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile. Although obesity and insulin resistance are associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, whether they lead to abnormal expression of circulating SHBG or its interaction with androgen signaling remains to be elucidated. SHBG is produced mainly in the liver, but it can also be expressed in several tissues including the brain, fat tissue, and myocardium. Expression of SHBG is controlled by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK/PPAR interaction is critical to regulate hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 (HNF4), a prerequisite for SHBG upregulation. In cardiomyocytes, testosterone activates AMPK and PPARs. Therefore, the description of local expression of cardiac SHBG and its circulating levels may shed new light to explain physiological and adverse cardiometabolic roles of androgens in different tissues. According to emerging clinical evidence, here, we will discuss the potential mechanisms with cardioprotective effects and SHBG levels to be used as an early metabolic and cardiovascular biomarker in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Basualto-Alarcón
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Aysén, Coyhaique 5951537, Chile
- Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Paola Llanos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gerardo García-Rivas
- Tecnológico de Monterrey, Hospital Zambrano Hellion, TecSalud, Centro de Medicina Funcional, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León 66278, Mexico
| | - Mayarling Francisca Troncoso
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Daniel Lagos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Genaro Barrientos
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
| | - Manuel Estrada
- Programa de Fisiología y Biofísica, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8389100, Chile
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Mao K, Zhang M, Cao J, Zhao X, Gao L, Fu L, Cheng H, Yan C, Xu X, Shi X, Jiang Z, Wang B, Zhang YB, Mi J. Coding Variants are Relevant to the Expression of Obesity-Related Genes for Pediatric Adiposity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:194-203. [PMID: 34494379 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Heredity has a remarkable effect on obesity in an obesogenic environment. Despite the numerous genetic variants that contribute to obesity-related traits, none has been identified in Chinese children. This study aimed to identify novel variants associated with childhood obesity in China. METHODS Promising single-nucleotide variants were obtained using whole-exome sequencing from 76 children who had obesity and 74 children with normal weight, and their associations with obesity-related traits in an additional 6,334-child cohort were investigated. The effects of the genome-wide significant (P < 5E-8) variants on the expression of the implicated genes in blood and adipose tissue were then depicted using transcriptome sequencing. RESULTS Two coding variants associated with obesity with genome-wide significance were identified: rs1059491 (P = 2.57E-28) in SULT1A2 and rs189326455 (P = 8.98E-12) in MAP3K21. In addition, rs1059491 was also significantly associated with several obesity traits. Transcriptome sequencing demonstrated that rs1059491 and rs189326455 were expression quantitative trait loci relevant to the expression levels of several obesity-related genes, such as SULT1A2, ATXN2L, TUFM, and MAP3K21. CONCLUSIONS This work identified two coding variants that were significantly associated with pediatric adiposity and were expression quantitative trait loci for obesity-related genes. This study provides new insights into the pathophysiology of Chinese childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mao
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Meixian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Jinshuai Cao
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Liwang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Liwan Fu
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Yan
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Xu
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Shi
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuoyuan Jiang
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Bingqing Wang
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yong-Biao Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Innovation Institute of Medicine and Engineering, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Mi
- National Center for Children's Health, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Andrade S, Morais T, Sandovici I, Seabra AL, Constância M, Monteiro MP. Adipose Tissue Epigenetic Profile in Obesity-Related Dysglycemia - A Systematic Review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:681649. [PMID: 34290669 PMCID: PMC8288106 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.681649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a major risk factor for dysglycemic disorders, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, there is wide phenotypic variation in metabolic profiles. Tissue-specific epigenetic modifications could be partially accountable for the observed phenotypic variability. SCOPE The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on epigenetic signatures in human adipose tissue (AT) that characterize overweight or obesity-related insulin resistance (IR) and dysglycemia states and to identify potential underlying mechanisms through the use of unbiased bioinformatics approaches. METHODS Original data published in the last decade concerning the comparison of epigenetic marks in human AT of individuals with metabolically unhealthy overweight/obesity (MUHO) versus normal weight individuals or individuals with metabolically healthy overweight/obesity (MHO) was assessed. Furthermore, association of these epigenetic marks with IR/dysglycemic traits, including T2D, was compiled. RESULTS We catalogued more than two thousand differentially methylated regions (DMRs; above the cut-off of 5%) in the AT of individuals with MUHO compared to individuals with MHO. These DNA methylation changes were less likely to occur around the promoter regions and were enriched at loci implicated in intracellular signaling (signal transduction mediated by small GTPases, ERK1/2 signaling and intracellular trafficking). We also identified a network of seven transcription factors that may play an important role in targeting DNA methylation changes to specific genes in the AT of subjects with MUHO, contributing to the pathogeny of obesity-related IR/T2D. Furthermore, we found differentially methylated CpG sites at 8 genes that were present in AT and whole blood, suggesting that DMRs in whole blood could be potentially used as accessible biomarkers of MUHO. CONCLUSIONS The overall evidence linking epigenetic alterations in key tissues such AT to metabolic complications in human obesity is still very limited, highlighting the need for further studies, particularly those focusing on epigenetic marks other than DNA methylation. Our initial analysis suggests that DNA methylation patterns can potentially discriminate between MUHO from MHO and provide new clues into why some people with obesity are less susceptible to dysglycemia. Identifying AT-specific epigenetic targets could also lead to novel approaches to modify the progression of individuals with obesity towards metabolic disease. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO, identifier CRD42021227237.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Andrade
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Morais
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandre L. Seabra
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Constância
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- National Institute of Health Research, Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mariana P. Monteiro
- Endocrine and Metabolic Research, Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Mariana P. Monteiro,
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Wen B, Zhang C, Zhou J, Zhang Z, Che Q, Cao H, Bai Y, Guo J, Su Z. Targeted treatment of alcoholic liver disease based on inflammatory signalling pathways. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 222:107752. [PMID: 33253739 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeted therapy is an emerging treatment strategy for alcoholic liver disease (ALD). Inflammation plays an important role in the occurrence and development of ALD, and is a key choice for its targeted treatment, and anti-inflammatory treatment has been considered beneficial for liver disease. Surprisingly, immune checkpoint inhibitors have become important therapeutic agents for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Moreover, studies have shown that the combination of inflammatory molecule inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors can exert better effects than either alone in mouse models of HCC. This review discusses the mechanism of hepatic ethanol metabolism and the conditions under which inflammation occurs. In addition, we focus on the potential molecular targets in inflammatory signalling pathways and summarize the potential targeted inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, providing a theoretical basis for the targeted treatment of ALD and the development of new combination therapy strategies for HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Wen
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chengcheng Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingwen Zhou
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengyan Zhang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Qishi Che
- Guangzhou Rainhome Pharm & Tech Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China
| | - Yan Bai
- School of Public Health, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510310, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Centre of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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50
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Gupta P, Taiyab A, Hassan MI. Emerging role of protein kinases in diabetes mellitus: From mechanism to therapy. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 124:47-85. [PMID: 33632470 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has emerged as a severe burden on the medical health system across the globe. Presently, around 422 million people are suffering from diabetes which is speculated to be expanded to about 600 million by 2035. Patients with type 2 diabetes are at increased risk of developing detrimental metabolic and cardiovascular complications. The scientific understanding of this chronic disease and its underlying root cause is not yet fully unraveled. Protein kinases are well known to regulate almost every cellular process through phosphorylation of target protein in diverse signaling pathways. The important role of several protein kinases including AMP-activated protein kinase, IκB kinase and protein kinase C have been well demonstrated in various animal models. They modulate glucose tolerance, inflammation and insulin resistance in the cells via acting on diverse downstream targets and signaling pathways. Thus, modulating the activity of potential human kinases which are significantly involved in diabetes by targeting with small molecule inhibitors could be an attractive therapeutic strategy to tackle diabetes. In this chapter, we have discussed the potential role of protein kinases in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, the small molecules reported in the literature that can be potentially used for the treatment of diabetes have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Gupta
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Aaliya Taiyab
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.
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