1
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van den Boom R, Vergauwen L, Knapen D. Effects of Metabolic Disruption on Lipid Metabolism and Yolk Retention in Zebrafish Embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 38860666 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
A subgroup of endocrine-disrupting chemicals have the ability to disrupt metabolism. These metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) can end up in aquatic environments and lead to adverse outcomes in fish. Although molecular and physiological effects of MDCs have been studied in adult fish, few studies have investigated the consequences of metabolic disruption in fish during the earliest life stages. To investigate the processes affected by metabolic disruption, zebrafish embryos were exposed to peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone, the PPARγ antagonist T0070907, and the well-known environmentally relevant MDC bisphenol A. Decreased apolipoprotein Ea transcript levels indicated disrupted lipid transport, which was likely related to the observed dose-dependent increases in yolk size across all compounds. Increased yolk size and decreased swimming activity indicate decreased energy usage, which could lead to adverse outcomes because the availability of energy reserves is essential for embryo survival and growth. Exposure to T0070907 resulted in a darkened yolk. This was likely related to reduced transcript levels of genes involved in lipid transport and fatty acid oxidation, a combination of responses that was specific to exposure to this compound, possibly leading to lipid accumulation and cell death in the yolk. Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) transcript levels were increased by rosiglitazone and T0070907, but this was not reflected in PON1 enzyme activities. The present study shows how exposure to MDCs can influence biochemical and molecular processes involved in early lipid metabolism and may lead to adverse outcomes in the earliest life stages of fish. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1-14. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik van den Boom
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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2
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Mora I, Puiggròs F, Serras F, Gil-Cardoso K, Escoté X. Emerging models for studying adipose tissue metabolism. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 223:116123. [PMID: 38484851 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Understanding adipose metabolism is essential for addressing obesity and related health concerns. However, the ethical and scientific pressure to animal testing, aligning with the 3Rs, has triggered the implementation of diverse alternative models for analysing anomalies in adipose metabolism. In this review, we will address this issue from various perspectives. Traditional adipocyte cell cultures, whether animal or human-derived, offer a fundamental starting point. These systems have their merits but may not fully replicate in vivo complexity. Established cell lines are valuable for high-throughput screening but may lack the authenticity of primary-derived adipocytes, which closely mimic native tissue. To enhance model sophistication, spheroids have been introduced. These three-dimensional cultures better mimicking the in vivo microenvironment, enabling the study of intricate cell-cell interactions, gene expression, and metabolic pathways. Organ-on-a-chip (OoC) platforms take this further by integrating multiple cell types into microfluidic devices, simulating tissue-level functions. Adipose-OoC (AOoC) provides dynamic environments with applications spanning drug testing to personalized medicine and nutrition. Beyond in vitro models, genetically amenable organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, and zebrafish larvae) have become powerful tools for investigating fundamental molecular mechanisms that govern adipose tissue functions. Their genetic tractability allows for efficient manipulation and high-throughput studies. In conclusion, a diverse array of research models is crucial for deciphering adipose metabolism. By leveraging traditional adipocyte cell cultures, primary-derived cells, spheroids, AOoCs, and lower organism models, we bridge the gap between animal testing and a more ethical, scientifically robust, and human-relevant approach, advancing our understanding of adipose tissue metabolism and its impact on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Mora
- Brudy Technology S.L., 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Puiggròs
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnology Area, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Florenci Serras
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, School of Biology, University of Barcelona and Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona, Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine Gil-Cardoso
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Xavier Escoté
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Nutrition and Health Unit, 43204 Reus, Spain.
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3
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Thompson WA, Rajeswari JJ, Holloway AC, Vijayan MM. Excess feeding increases adipogenesis but lowers leptin transcript abundance in zebrafish larvae. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 276:109816. [PMID: 38061616 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Although fish exposed to municipal wastewater effluents (MWWE) show higher lipid accumulation, whether this is due to adipogenesis is unclear. The objective here was to identify molecular markers of adipogenesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae for use as high throughput screening tools for environmental contaminants, including obesogens in MWWE. Zebrafish larvae were fed a commercial diet at a maintenance level (5 % body mass) or in excess (25 or 50 % body mass) from day 6 to 30 days post-fertilization (dpf) to stimulate adipogenesis. We monitored fat accumulation and markers of lipid metabolism, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (ppar γ), fatty acid synthase (fas), ELOVL fatty acid elongase 2 (elovl2), diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2 (dgat2), leptin (lepa and lepb), leptin receptor (lepr), and lipoprotein lipase (lpl). Excess feeding led to a higher growth rate, protein content and an increase in igf1 transcript abundance. Also, these larvae had higher triglyceride levels and accumulated lipids droplets in the abdominal cavity and viscera. The molecular markers of adipogenesis, including fas, elovl2, and dgat2, were upregulated, while the transcript abundance of lpl, a lipolytic gene, was transiently lower due to excess feeding. The increased adiposity seen at 30 dpf due to excess feeding coincided with a lower lep but not lepr transcript abundance in zebrafish. Our results demonstrate that excess feeding alters the developmental programming of key genes involved in lipid homeostasis, leading to excess lipid accumulation in zebrafish larvae. Overall, fas, elovl2, lpl, and dgat2, but not lep or ppar γ, have the potential to be biomarkers of adipogenesis in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Andrew Thompson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jithine Jayakumar Rajeswari
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Alison C Holloway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, 1280 Main St. West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Mathilakath M Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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4
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van den Boom R, Vergauwen L, Koedijk N, da Silva KM, Covaci A, Knapen D. Combined western diet and bisphenol A exposure induces an oxidative stress-based paraoxonase 1 response in larval zebrafish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 274:109758. [PMID: 37757927 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme linked to metabolic disorders by genome-wide association studies in humans. Exposure to metabolic disrupting chemicals (MDCs) such as bisphenol A (BPA), together with genetic and dietary factors, can increase the risk of metabolic disorders. The objective of this study was to investigate how PON1 responds to the metabolic changes and oxidative stress caused by a western diet, and whether exposure to BPA alters the metabolic and PON1 responses. Zebrafish larvae at 14 days post fertilization were fed a custom-made western diet with and without aquatic exposure to two concentrations of BPA for 5 days. A combination of western diet and 150 μg/L BPA exposure resulted in a stepwise increase in weight, length and oxidative stress, suggesting that BPA amplifies the western diet-induced metabolic shift. PON1 arylesterase activity was increased in all western diet and BPA exposure groups and PON1 lactonase activity was increased when western diet was combined with exposure to 1800 μg/L BPA. Both PON1 activities were positively correlated to oxidative stress. Based on our observations we hypothesize that a western diet caused a shift towards fatty acid-based metabolism, which was increased by BPA exposure. This shift resulted in increased oxidative stress, which in turn was associated with a PON1 activity increase as an antioxidant response. This is the first exploration of PON1 responses to metabolic challenges in zebrafish, and the first study of PON1 in the context of MDC exposure in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rik van den Boom
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Noortje Koedijk
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Katyeny Manuela da Silva
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium.
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5
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Muncke J, Andersson AM, Backhaus T, Belcher SM, Boucher JM, Carney Almroth B, Collins TJ, Geueke B, Groh KJ, Heindel JJ, von Hippel FA, Legler J, Maffini MV, Martin OV, Peterson Myers J, Nadal A, Nerin C, Soto AM, Trasande L, Vandenberg LN, Wagner M, Zimmermann L, Thomas Zoeller R, Scheringer M. A vision for safer food contact materials: Public health concerns as drivers for improved testing. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2023; 180:108161. [PMID: 37758599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Food contact materials (FCMs) and food contact articles are ubiquitous in today's globalized food system. Chemicals migrate from FCMs into foodstuffs, so called food contact chemicals (FCCs), but current regulatory requirements do not sufficiently protect public health from hazardous FCCs because only individual substances used to make FCMs are tested and mostly only for genotoxicity while endocrine disruption and other hazard properties are disregarded. Indeed, FCMs are a known source of a wide range of hazardous chemicals, and they likely contribute to highly prevalent non-communicable diseases. FCMs can also include non-intentionally added substances (NIAS), which often are unknown and therefore not subject to risk assessment. To address these important shortcomings, we outline how the safety of FCMs may be improved by (1) testing the overall migrate, including (unknown) NIAS, of finished food contact articles, and (2) expanding toxicological testing beyond genotoxicity to multiple endpoints associated with non-communicable diseases relevant to human health. To identify mechanistic endpoints for testing, we group chronic health outcomes associated with chemical exposure into Six Clusters of Disease (SCOD) and we propose that finished food contact articles should be tested for their impacts on these SCOD. Research should focus on developing robust, relevant, and sensitive in-vitro assays based on mechanistic information linked to the SCOD, e.g., through Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs) or Key Characteristics of Toxicants. Implementing this vision will improve prevention of chronic diseases that are associated with hazardous chemical exposures, including from FCMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Muncke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Anna-Maria Andersson
- Dept. of Growth and Reproduction, Rigshospitalet and Centre for Research and Research Training in Male Reproduction and Child Health (EDMaRC), Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Backhaus
- Dept of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Dept. of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Birgit Geueke
- Food Packaging Forum Foundation, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia J Groh
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Frank A von Hippel
- Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Juliette Legler
- Dept. of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | - Olwenn V Martin
- Plastic Waste Innovation Hub, Department of Arts and Science, University College London, UK
| | - John Peterson Myers
- Dept. of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Environmental Health Sciences, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Angel Nadal
- IDiBE and CIBERDEM, Miguel Hernández University of Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Cristina Nerin
- Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, I3A, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana M Soto
- Department of Immunology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA; Centre Cavaillès, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France
| | - Leonardo Trasande
- College of Global Public Health and Grossman School of Medicine and Wagner School of Public Service, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura N Vandenberg
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martin Wagner
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - R Thomas Zoeller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health & Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Martin Scheringer
- RECETOX, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Switzerland.
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6
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Braeuning A, Balaguer P, Bourguet W, Carreras-Puigvert J, Feiertag K, Kamstra JH, Knapen D, Lichtenstein D, Marx-Stoelting P, Rietdijk J, Schubert K, Spjuth O, Stinckens E, Thedieck K, van den Boom R, Vergauwen L, von Bergen M, Wewer N, Zalko D. Development of new approach methods for the identification and characterization of endocrine metabolic disruptors-a PARC project. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2023; 5:1212509. [PMID: 37456981 PMCID: PMC10349382 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2023.1212509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In past times, the analysis of endocrine disrupting properties of chemicals has mainly been focused on (anti-)estrogenic or (anti-)androgenic properties, as well as on aspects of steroidogenesis and the modulation of thyroid signaling. More recently, disruption of energy metabolism and related signaling pathways by exogenous substances, so-called metabolism-disrupting chemicals (MDCs) have come into focus. While general effects such as body and organ weight changes are routinely monitored in animal studies, there is a clear lack of mechanistic test systems to determine and characterize the metabolism-disrupting potential of chemicals. In order to contribute to filling this gap, one of the project within EU-funded Partnership for the Assessment of Risks of Chemicals (PARC) aims at developing novel in vitro methods for the detection of endocrine metabolic disruptors. Efforts will comprise projects related to specific signaling pathways, for example, involving mTOR or xenobiotic-sensing nuclear receptors, studies on hepatocytes, adipocytes and pancreatic beta cells covering metabolic and morphological endpoints, as well as metabolism-related zebrafish-based tests as an alternative to classic rodent bioassays. This paper provides an overview of the approaches and methods of these PARC projects and how this will contribute to the improvement of the toxicological toolbox to identify substances with endocrine disrupting properties and to decipher their mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Braeuning
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- IRCM (Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier), Inserm U1194, Université de Montpellier, ICM, Montpellier, France
| | - William Bourguet
- CBS Centre de Biologie Structurale, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, Montpellier, France
| | - Jordi Carreras-Puigvert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Katreece Feiertag
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jorke H Kamstra
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dajana Lichtenstein
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philip Marx-Stoelting
- Department of Pesticides Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonne Rietdijk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ola Spjuth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences and Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Evelyn Stinckens
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Institute of Biochemistry and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Rik van den Boom
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Neele Wewer
- Department of Food Safety, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Zalko
- Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, Institut National de Recherche Pour L'Agriculture, L'Alimentation et L'Environnement (INARE), Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), INP-Purpan, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS), Toulouse, France
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7
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Heidary S, Awasthi N, Page N, Allnutt T, Lewis RS, Liongue C, Ward AC. A zebrafish model of growth hormone insensitivity syndrome with immune dysregulation 1 (GHISID1). Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:109. [PMID: 36995466 PMCID: PMC10063521 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04759-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins act downstream of cytokine receptors to facilitate changes in gene expression that impact a range of developmental and homeostatic processes. Patients harbouring loss-of-function (LOF) STAT5B mutations exhibit postnatal growth failure due to lack of responsiveness to growth hormone as well as immune perturbation, a disorder called growth hormone insensitivity syndrome with immune dysregulation 1 (GHISID1). This study aimed to generate a zebrafish model of this disease by targeting the stat5.1 gene using CRISPR/Cas9 and characterising the effects on growth and immunity. The zebrafish Stat5.1 mutants were smaller, but exhibited increased adiposity, with concomitant dysregulation of growth and lipid metabolism genes. The mutants also displayed impaired lymphopoiesis with reduced T cells throughout the lifespan, along with broader disruption of the lymphoid compartment in adulthood, including evidence of T cell activation. Collectively, these findings confirm that zebrafish Stat5.1 mutants mimic the clinical impacts of human STAT5B LOF mutations, establishing them as a model of GHISID1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayyeh Heidary
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Nagendra Awasthi
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Nicole Page
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Theo Allnutt
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Rowena S Lewis
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Clifford Liongue
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
- IMPACT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Alister C Ward
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Pigdons Road, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
- IMPACT, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia.
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8
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LeFauve MK, Bérubé R, Heldman S, Chiang YTT, Kassotis CD. Cetyl Alcohol Polyethoxylates Disrupt Metabolic Health in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish. Metabolites 2023; 13:359. [PMID: 36984799 PMCID: PMC10057089 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcohol polyethoxylates (AEOs), such as cetyl alcohol ethoxylates (CetAEOs), are high-production-volume surfactants used in laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners, pesticide formulations, textile production, oils, paints, and other products. AEOs have been suggested as lower toxicity replacements for alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs), such as the nonylphenol and octylphenol polyethoxylates. We previously demonstrated that nonylphenol polyethoxylates induced triglyceride accumulation in several in vitro adipogenesis models and promoted adiposity and increased body weights in developmentally exposed zebrafish. We also demonstrated that diverse APEOs and AEOs were able to increase triglyceride accumulation and/or pre-adipocyte proliferation in a murine pre-adipocyte model. As such, the goals of this study were to assess the potential of CetAEOs to promote adiposity and alter growth and/or development (toxicity, length, weight, behavior, energy expenditure) of developmentally exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio). We also sought to expand our understanding of ethoxylate chain-length dependent effects through interrogation of varying chain-length CetAEOs. We demonstrated consistent adipogenic effects in two separate human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell models as well as murine pre-adipocytes. Immediately following chemical exposures in zebrafish, we reported disrupted neurodevelopment and aberrant behavior in light/dark activity testing, with medium chain-length CetAEO-exposed fish exhibiting hyperactivity across both light and dark phases. By day 30, we demonstrated that cetyl alcohol and CetAEOs disrupted adipose deposition in developmentally exposed zebrafish, despite no apparent impacts on standard length or gross body weight. This research suggests metabolic health concerns for these common environmental contaminants, suggesting further need to assess molecular mechanisms and better characterize environmental concentrations for human health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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9
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Le Mentec H, Monniez E, Legrand A, Monvoisin C, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Podechard N. A New In Vivo Zebrafish Bioassay Evaluating Liver Steatosis Identifies DDE as a Steatogenic Endocrine Disruptor, Partly through SCD1 Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043942. [PMID: 36835354 PMCID: PMC9959061 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which starts with liver steatosis, is a growing worldwide epidemic responsible for chronic liver diseases. Among its risk factors, exposure to environmental contaminants, such as endocrine disrupting compounds (EDC), has been recently emphasized. Given this important public health concern, regulation agencies need novel simple and fast biological tests to evaluate chemical risks. In this context, we developed a new in vivo bioassay called StAZ (Steatogenic Assay on Zebrafish) using an alternative model to animal experimentation, the zebrafish larva, to screen EDCs for their steatogenic properties. Taking advantage of the transparency of zebrafish larvae, we established a method based on fluorescent staining with Nile red to estimate liver lipid content. Following testing of known steatogenic molecules, 10 EDCs suspected to induce metabolic disorders were screened and DDE, the main metabolite of the insecticide DDT, was identified as a potent inducer of steatosis. To confirm this and optimize the assay, we used it in a transgenic zebrafish line expressing a blue fluorescent liver protein reporter. To obtain insight into DDE's effect, the expression of several genes related to steatosis was analyzed; an up-regulation of scd1 expression, probably relying on PXR activation, was found, partly responsible for both membrane remodeling and steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Le Mentec
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Emmanuelle Monniez
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Céline Monvoisin
- UMR 1236-MOBIDIC, INSERM, Université Rennes, Etablissement Français du Sang Bretagne, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- INSERM, EHESP, IRSET (Institut de Recherche en Santé Environnement et Travail)-UMR_S 1085, University of Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Correspondence:
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10
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Gómez de la Torre Canny S, Nordgård CT, Mathisen AJH, Degré Lorentsen E, Vadstein O, Bakke I. A novel gnotobiotic experimental system for Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.) reveals a microbial influence on mucosal barrier function and adipose tissue accumulation during the yolk sac stage. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 12:1068302. [PMID: 36817693 PMCID: PMC9929952 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1068302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gnotobiotic models have had a crucial role in studying the effect that commensal microbiota has on the health of their animal hosts. Despite their physiological and ecological diversity, teleost fishes are still underrepresented in gnotobiotic research. Moreover, a better understanding of host-microbe interactions in farmed fish has the potential to contribute to sustainable global food supply. We have developed a novel gnotobiotic experimental system that includes the derivation of fertilized eggs of farmed and wild Atlantic salmon, and gnotobiotic husbandry of fry during the yolk sac stage. We used a microscopy-based approach to estimate the barrier function of the skin mucus layer and used this measurement to select the derivation procedure that minimized adverse effects on the skin mucosa. We also used this method to demonstrate that the mucus barrier was reduced in germ-free fry when compared to fry colonized with two different bacterial communities. This alteration in the mucus barrier was preceded by an increase in the number of cells containing neutral mucosubstances in the anterior segment of the body, but without changes in the number of cells containing acidic substances in any of the other segments studied along the body axis. In addition, we showed how the microbial status of the fry temporarily affected body size and the utilization of internal yolk stores during the yolk sac stage. Finally, we showed that the presence of bacterial communities associated with the fry, as well as their composition, affected the size of adipose tissue. Fry colonized with water from a lake had a larger visceral adipose tissue depot than both conventionally raised and germ-free fry. Together, our results show that this novel gnotobiotic experimental system is a useful tool for the study of host-microbe interactions in this species of aquacultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Catherine Taylor Nordgård
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Amalie Johanne Horn Mathisen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eirik Degré Lorentsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Olav Vadstein
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ingrid Bakke
- *Correspondence: Sol Gómez de la Torre Canny, ; Ingrid Bakke,
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11
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Li X, Zhao F, Fu C, Yang Y, Xu Q, Hao Y, Shi X, Chen D, Bi X, Gong Z, Wu S, Zhang H. Early- and whole-life exposures to florfenicol disrupts lipid metabolism and induces obesogenic effects in zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 308:136429. [PMID: 36115475 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Florfenicol (FF), a widely used veterinary antibiotic, has been frequently detected in both aquatic environments and human body fluids. As a result, there is a growing concern on its health risks. Previous studies have revealed various toxicities of FF on animals, while there are relatively limited researches on its metabolic toxicity. Herein, by employing zebrafish as an in vivo model, endpoints at multiple levels of biological organization were measured to investigate the metabolic toxicity, especially disturbances on lipid metabolism, of this emerging pollutant. Our results indicated that early-life exposure (from 2 h past fertilization (hpf) to 15 days past fertilization (dpf)) to FF significantly increased body mass index (BMI) values, staining areas of visceral lipids, and triacylglycerol (TAG) and total cholesterol (TC) contents of larvae. Further, by analyzing expression patterns of genes encoding key proteins regulating lipid metabolism, our data suggested that promoted intestinal absorption and hepatic de novo synthesis of lipids, suppressed TAG decomposition, and inhibited FFA oxidation all contributed to TAG accumulation in larvae. Following whole-life exposure (from 2 hpf to 120 dpf), BMI values, TAG and TC contents all increased significantly in males, and significant increases of hepatic TAG levels were also observed in females. Moreover, FF exposure interfered with lipid homeostasis of males and females in a gender-specific pattern. Our study revealed the obesogenic effects of FF at environmentally relevant concentrations (1, 10, and 100 μg/L) and therefore will benefit assessment of its health risks. Additionally, our results showed that FF exposure caused a more pronounced obesogenic effect in zebrafish larvae than adults, as suggested by significant increases of all endpoints at individual, tissular, and molecular levels in larvae. Therefore, our study also advances the application of zebrafish larval model in assessing metabolic toxicity of chemicals, due to the higher susceptibility of larvae than adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Fei Zhao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China.
| | - Chen Fu
- Chengdu Academy of Environmental Sciences, Chengdu 610072, PR China
| | - Yanyu Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Qianru Xu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Yinfei Hao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xueqing Shi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Dong Chen
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Xuejun Bi
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Zhilin Gong
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Shujian Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, 11 Fushun Road, Qingdao 266033, PR China
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12
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Gómez-Abellán V, Pérez-Oliva AB, Cabas I, Hermi F, Arizcun M, García-Moreno D, Sepulcre MP, Mulero V. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha and beta mediate the anti-inflammatory effects of the cyclopentenone prostaglandin 15-deoxy-Δ 12,14-PGJ 2 in fish granulocytes. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2022; 136:104498. [PMID: 35948178 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostaglandins (PGs) are highly reactive small lipophilic molecules derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids of the cell membrane and play a key role in the resolution of inflammation processes. 15-deoxy-Δ12,14-PGJ2 (15dPGJ2) is a cyclopentenone PG (CyPG) of the J series with anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. This CyPG can signal through: (i) the PGD2 receptor (DP2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) or (ii) by covalent binding to protein nucleophiles, such as, thiols groups of cysteine, lysine or histidine via a Michael addition reaction, modifying its structure and function. In this work we show that acidophilic granulocytes (AGs) of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.), the functional equivalent to mammalian neutrophils, constitutively expressed ppara, pparb and pparg genes, the latter showing the highest expression and up-regulation when stimulated by bacterial DNA. In addition, we tested the ability of 15dPGJ2, and its biotinylated analog, as well as several PPARγ ligands, to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or cytokines production during a Toll like receptor (TLR)-mediated granulocyte response. Thus, 15dPGJ2 was able to significantly decrease bacterial DNA-induced ROS production and transcript levels of pparg, interleukin-1β (il1b) and prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (ptgs2). In contrast, its biotinylated analog was less potent and a higher dose was required to elicit the same effects on ROS production and cytokine expression. In addition, different PPARγ agonists were able to mimic the effects of 15dPGJ2. Conversely, the PPARγ antagonist T007097 abolished the effect of 15dPGJ2 on DNA bacterial-induced ROS production. Surprisingly, transactivation assays revealed that both 15dPGJ2 and its biotinylated analog signaled via Pparα and Pparβ, but not by Pparγ. These results were further confirmed by HPLC/MS analysis, where Pparβ was identified as an interactor of biotin-15dPGJ2 in naïve and DNA-stimulated leukocytes. Taken together, our data show that 15dPGJ2 acts both through Ppar activation and covalent binding to proteins in fish granulocytes and identify for the first time in vertebrates a role for Pparα and Pparβ in the resolution of inflammation mediated by 15dPGJ2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Gómez-Abellán
- Departamento de Biología Cellular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana B Pérez-Oliva
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Cabas
- Departamento de Biología Cellular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fatma Hermi
- Unit of Immunology, Environmental Microbiology and Cancerously, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Jarzouna, Bizerte, 7021, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Marta Arizcun
- Oceanographic Center of Murcia, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), 30860, Murcia, Spain
| | - Diana García-Moreno
- Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - María P Sepulcre
- Departamento de Biología Cellular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Victoriano Mulero
- Departamento de Biología Cellular e Histología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain; Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB)-Arrixaca, 30120, Murcia, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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13
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Anwer H, O'Dea RE, Mason D, Zajitschek S, Klinke A, Reid M, Hesselson D, Noble DWA, Morris MJ, Lagisz M, Nakagawa S. The effects of an obesogenic diet on behavior and cognition in zebrafish (
Danio rerio
): Trait average, variability, repeatability, and behavioral syndromes. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9511. [DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Anwer
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Rose E. O'Dea
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Dominic Mason
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Susanne Zajitschek
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Liverpool John Moores University School of Biological and Environmental Sciences Liverpool UK
| | - Annabell Klinke
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Madeleine Reid
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel Hesselson
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Centenary Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Daniel W. A. Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory Australia
| | - Margaret J. Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Malgorzata Lagisz
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Shinichi Nakagawa
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre and School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division Garvan Institute of Medical Research Sydney New South Wales Australia
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14
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The Effects of Persimmon (Diospyros kaki L.f.) Oligosaccharides on Features of the Metabolic Syndrome in Zebrafish. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163249. [PMID: 36014755 PMCID: PMC9416355 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome has become a global health care problem since it is rapidly increasing worldwide. The search for alternative natural supplements may have potential benefits for obesity and diabetes patients. Diospyros kaki fruit extract and its oligosaccharides, including gentiobiose, melibiose, and raffinose, were examined for their anti-insulin resistance and obesity-preventing effect in zebrafish larvae. The results show that D. kaki oligosaccharides improved insulin resistance and high-fat-diet-induced obesity in zebrafish larvae, evidenced by enhanced β-cell recovery, decreased abdominal size, and reduced the lipid accumulation. The mechanism of the oligosaccharides, molecular docking, and enzyme activities of PTP1B were investigated. Three of the oligosaccharides had a binding interaction with the catalytic active sites of PTP1B, but did not show inhibitory effects in an enzyme assay. The catalytic residues of PTP1B were typically conserved and the cellular penetration of the cell membrane was necessary for the inhibitors. The results of the mechanism of action study indicate that D. kaki fruit extract and its oligosaccharides affected gene expression changes in inflammation- (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β), lipogenesis- (SREBF1 and FASN), and lipid-lowering (CPT1A)-related genes. Therefore, D. kaki fruit extract and its oligosaccharides may have a great potential for applications in metabolic syndrome drug development and dietary supplements.
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15
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Heindel JJ, Howard S, Agay-Shay K, Arrebola JP, Audouze K, Babin PJ, Barouki R, Bansal A, Blanc E, Cave MC, Chatterjee S, Chevalier N, Choudhury M, Collier D, Connolly L, Coumoul X, Garruti G, Gilbertson M, Hoepner LA, Holloway AC, Howell G, Kassotis CD, Kay MK, Kim MJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Langouet S, Legrand A, Li Z, Le Mentec H, Lind L, Monica Lind P, Lustig RH, Martin-Chouly C, Munic Kos V, Podechard N, Roepke TA, Sargis RM, Starling A, Tomlinson CR, Touma C, Vondracek J, Vom Saal F, Blumberg B. Obesity II: Establishing causal links between chemical exposures and obesity. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115015. [PMID: 35395240 PMCID: PMC9124454 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a multifactorial disease with both genetic and environmental components. The prevailing view is that obesity results from an imbalance between energy intake and expenditure caused by overeating and insufficient exercise. We describe another environmental element that can alter the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure: obesogens. Obesogens are a subset of environmental chemicals that act as endocrine disruptors affecting metabolic endpoints. The obesogen hypothesis posits that exposure to endocrine disruptors and other chemicals can alter the development and function of the adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, and brain, thus changing the set point for control of metabolism. Obesogens can determine how much food is needed to maintain homeostasis and thereby increase the susceptibility to obesity. The most sensitive time for obesogen action is in utero and early childhood, in part via epigenetic programming that can be transmitted to future generations. This review explores the evidence supporting the obesogen hypothesis and highlights knowledge gaps that have prevented widespread acceptance as a contributor to the obesity pandemic. Critically, the obesogen hypothesis changes the narrative from curing obesity to preventing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA.
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, USA
| | - Keren Agay-Shay
- Health and Environment Research (HER) Lab, The Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Israel
| | - Juan P Arrebola
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Karine Audouze
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, Paris France
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Etienne Blanc
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Matthew C Cave
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40402, USA
| | - Saurabh Chatterjee
- Environmental Health and Disease Laboratory, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Cote d'Azur, Cote d'Azur, France
| | - Mahua Choudhury
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - David Collier
- Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Lisa Connolly
- The Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Xavier Coumoul
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, T3S, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Gabriella Garruti
- Department of Endocrinology, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
| | - Michael Gilbertson
- Occupational and Environmental Health Research Group, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland
| | - Lori A Hoepner
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Alison C Holloway
- McMaster University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamilton, Ontario, CA, USA
| | - George Howell
- Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA
| | - Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mathew K Kay
- College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Min Ji Kim
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Sophie Langouet
- Univ Rennes, INSERM EHESP, IRSET UMR_5S 1085, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Zhuorui Li
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - P Monica Lind
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Normand Podechard
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Troy A Roepke
- Department of Animal Science, School of Environmental and Biological Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Robert M Sargis
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Il 60612, USA
| | - Anne Starling
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Craig R Tomlinson
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
| | - Charbel Touma
- Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | - Jan Vondracek
- Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Frederick Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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16
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Matsuoka I, Hata K, Katsuzaki H, Nakayama H, Zang L, Ota M, Kim Y, Chu DC, Juneja LR, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. Zebrafish obesogenic test identifies anti-adipogenic fraction in Moringa oreifera leaf extracts. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:1248-1256. [PMID: 35432980 PMCID: PMC9007296 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish obesogenic test (ZOT) is a powerful tool for identifying anti-adipogenic compounds for in vivo screening. In our previous study, we found that Moringa oleifera (MO) leaf powder suppressed the accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in ZOT. MO demonstrates a wide range of pharmacological effects; however, little is known about its functional constituents. To identify the anti-adipogenic components of MO leaves, we prepared extracts using different extraction methods and tested the obtained extracts and fractions using ZOT. We found that the dichloromethane extract and its hexane:EtOAc = 8:2 fraction reduced VAT accumulation in young zebrafish fed a high-fat diet. We also performed gene expression analysis in the zebrafish VAT and found that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (associated with early stages of adipogenesis) gene expression was downregulated after fraction 2 administration. We identified a new MO fraction that suppressed VAT accumulation by inhibiting early adipogenesis using the ZOT. Phenotype-driven zebrafish screening is a reasonable strategy for identifying bioactive components in natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies Mie University Tsu Japan
| | - Kanae Hata
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies Mie University Tsu Japan
| | | | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies Mie University Tsu Japan.,Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center Tsu Japan
| | - Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies Mie University Tsu Japan.,Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center Tsu Japan
| | - Mizuho Ota
- Graduate School of Bioresources Mie University Tsu Japan
| | | | | | | | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies Mie University Tsu Japan.,Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center Tsu Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center Tsu Japan.,Department of Bioinformatics Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center Tsu Japan.,Department of Integrative Pharmacology Mie University Graduate School of Medicine Tsu Japan
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17
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Kassotis CD, Vom Saal FS, Babin PJ, Lagadic-Gossmann D, Le Mentec H, Blumberg B, Mohajer N, Legrand A, Munic Kos V, Martin-Chouly C, Podechard N, Langouët S, Touma C, Barouki R, Ji Kim M, Audouze K, Choudhury M, Shree N, Bansal A, Howard S, Heindel JJ. Obesity III: Obesogen assays: Limitations, strengths, and new directions. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 199:115014. [PMID: 35393121 PMCID: PMC9050906 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence of a role for environmental contaminants in disrupting metabolic health in both humans and animals. Despite a growing need for well-understood models for evaluating adipogenic and potential obesogenic contaminants, there has been a reliance on decades-old in vitro models that have not been appropriately managed by cell line providers. There has been a quick rise in available in vitro models in the last ten years, including commercial availability of human mesenchymal stem cell and preadipocyte models; these models require more comprehensive validation but demonstrate real promise in improved translation to human metabolic health. There is also progress in developing three-dimensional and co-culture techniques that allow for the interrogation of a more physiologically relevant state. While diverse rodent models exist for evaluating putative obesogenic and/or adipogenic chemicals in a physiologically relevant context, increasing capabilities have been identified for alternative model organisms such as Drosophila, C. elegans, zebrafish, and medaka in metabolic health testing. These models have several appreciable advantages, including most notably their size, rapid development, large brood sizes, and ease of high-resolution lipid accumulation imaging throughout the organisms. They are anticipated to expand the capabilities of metabolic health research, particularly when coupled with emerging obesogen evaluation techniques as described herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, United States.
| | - Frederick S Vom Saal
- Division of Biological Sciences, The University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Patrick J Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM, Pessac, France
| | - Dominique Lagadic-Gossmann
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Helene Le Mentec
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Nicole Mohajer
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, The University of California, Irvine, Irvine CA 92697, United States
| | - Antoine Legrand
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Solna, Sweden
| | - Corinne Martin-Chouly
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Normand Podechard
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Langouët
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Charbel Touma
- Univ Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Research Institute for Environmental and Occupational Health) - UMR_S 1085, 35 000 Rennes, France
| | - Robert Barouki
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Paris, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Min Ji Kim
- University of Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, INSERM U1124 (T3S), Paris, France
| | | | - Mahua Choudhury
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Nitya Shree
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Amita Bansal
- College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2611, Australia
| | - Sarah Howard
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
| | - Jerrold J Heindel
- Healthy Environment and Endocrine Disruptor Strategies, Commonweal, Bolinas, CA 92924, United States
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Kassotis CD, LeFauve MK, Chiang YTT, Knuth MM, Schkoda S, Kullman SW. Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates Enhance Adipose Deposition in Developmentally Exposed Zebrafish. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020099. [PMID: 35202285 PMCID: PMC8879477 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alkylphenol polyethoxylates (APEOs), such as nonylphenol ethoxylates (NPEOs), are high-production-volume surfactants used in laundry detergents, hard-surface cleaners, pesticide formulations, textile production, oils, paints, and other products. NPEOs comprise −80% of the total production of APEOs and are widely reported across diverse environmental matrices. Despite a growing push for replacement products, APEOs continue to be released into the environment through wastewater at significant levels. Research into related nonionic surfactants from varying sources has reported metabolic health impacts, and we have previously demonstrated that diverse APEOs and alcohol polyethoxylates promote adipogenesis in the murine 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte model. These effects appeared to be independent of the base alkylphenol and related to the ethoxylate chain length, though limited research has evaluated NPEO exposures in animal models. The goals of this study were to assess the potential of NPEOs to promote adiposity (Nile red fluorescence quantification) and alter growth and/or development (toxicity, length, weight, and energy expenditure) of developmentally exposed zebrafish (Danio rerio). We also sought to expand our understanding of the ability to promote adiposity through evaluation in human mesenchymal stem cells. Herein, we demonstrated consistent adipogenic effects in two separate human bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell models, and that nonylphenol and its ethoxylates promoted weight gain and increased adipose deposition in developmentally exposed zebrafish. Notably, across both cell and zebrafish models we report increasing adipogenic/obesogenic activity with increasing ethoxylate chain lengths up to maximums around NPEO-6 and then decreasing activity with the longest ethoxylate chain lengths. This research suggests metabolic health concerns for these common obesogens, suggesting further need to assess molecular mechanisms and better characterize environmental concentrations for human health risk assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D. Kassotis
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.K.L.); (Y.-T.T.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-313-577-0170
| | - Matthew K. LeFauve
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.K.L.); (Y.-T.T.C.)
| | - Yu-Ting Tiffany Chiang
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (M.K.L.); (Y.-T.T.C.)
| | - Megan M. Knuth
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA;
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Stacy Schkoda
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (S.S.); (S.W.K.)
| | - Seth W. Kullman
- Toxicology Program, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA; (S.S.); (S.W.K.)
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19
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Kiziltan T, Baran A, Kankaynar M, Şenol O, Sulukan E, Yildirim S, Ceyhun SB. Effects of the food colorant carmoisine on zebrafish embryos at a wide range of concentrations. Arch Toxicol 2022; 96:1089-1099. [PMID: 35146542 PMCID: PMC8831007 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-022-03240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Since the middle of the twentieth century, the use of dyes has become more common in every food group as well as in the pharmaceutical, textile and cosmetic industries. Azo dyes, including carmoisine, are the most important of the dye classes with the widest color range. In this study, the effects of carmoisine exposure on the embryonic development of zebrafish at a wide dose scale, including recommended and overexposure doses (from 4 to 2000 ppm), were investigated in detail. For this purpose, many morphological and physiological parameters were examined in zebrafish exposed to carmoisine at determined doses for 96 h, and the mechanisms of action of the changes in these parameters were tried to be clarified with the metabolite levels determined. The no observed effect concentration (NOEC) and median lethal concentration (LC50) were recorded at 5 ppm and 1230.53 ppm dose at 96 hpf, respectively. As a result, it was determined that the applied carmoisine caused serious malformations, reduction in height and eye diameter, increase in the number of free oxygen radicals, in apoptotic cells and in lipid accumulation, decrease in locomotor activity depending on the dose and at the highest dose, decrease in blood flow rate. In the metabolome analysis performed to elucidate the metabolism underlying all these changes, 45 annotated metabolites were detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuba Kiziltan
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Alper Baran
- Department of Food Quality Control and Analysis, Technical Vocational School, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Meryem Kankaynar
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Nanoscience, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Onur Şenol
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Sulukan
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Saltuk Buğrahan Ceyhun
- Aquatic Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey.
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey.
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20
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Grignard E, de Jesus K, Hubert P. Regulatory Testing for Endocrine Disruptors; Need for Validated Methods and Integrated Approaches. FRONTIERS IN TOXICOLOGY 2022; 3:821736. [PMID: 35295107 PMCID: PMC8915824 DOI: 10.3389/ftox.2021.821736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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21
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Luzio A, Figueiredo M, Matos MM, Coimbra AM, Álvaro AR, Monteiro SM. Effects of short-term exposure to genistein and overfeeding diet on the neural and retinal progenitor competence of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio). Neurotoxicol Teratol 2021; 88:107030. [PMID: 34506931 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2021.107030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Neurogenesis is a process that occurs throughout the life of a vertebrate. Among the different factors that may affect the natural occurrence of neurogenesis, obesity seems to decrease the proliferation capacity of progenitor neuronal cells. Conversely, the phytoestrogen genistein is known to attenuate some obesity effects beyond its neuroprotective action. Aiming to improve the understanding of how obesity and genistein trigger an impact on the neural and retinal progenitor competence of adult zebrafish, fish were exposed to genistein (GEN - 2 μg L-1) alone or combined with two dietary groups (control and overfeed - OFD) for up to 9 weeks. Zebrafish were fed once per day with Artemia sp. in the control and GEN (2% of BW, control diet), and three times per day in the OFD and OFD + GEN groups (12% BW, overfeeding diet). To assess obesity induction, BMI, biometric parameters, and PPAR-γ protein were quantified. Afterwards, qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed to determine the cell proliferation and the presence of stem cells through PCNA and Sox-2. Our findings proved that overfeeding adult zebrafish increased the general growth and induced the development of fatty liver. However, for OFD + GEN, this effect was assuaged through the anti-adipogenic effect of GEN. This finding suggests that phytoestrogens could be beneficial to reduce the negative effects of obesity. Moreover, OF induced negative effects on retinal and brain homeostasis, decreasing the proliferation capacity of progenitor neuronal cells. With regard to retinal progenitor competence, genistein seems to mitigate the negative impacts of obesity, whereas the effects of obesity on the brain were exacerbated by this phytoestrogen which negatively influenced the homeostasis of zebrafish neural progenitor competence. This study highlighted the fact that the effects of phytoestrogens in adult neural progenitor competence are complex and could exhibit dissimilar effects depending on the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Luzio
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB and Inov4Agro - Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M Figueiredo
- Department of Biology and Environment, Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - M M Matos
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute (BioISI), Sciences Faculty, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A M Coimbra
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB and Inov4Agro - Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - A R Álvaro
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra (CNBC-UC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - S M Monteiro
- Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, CITAB and Inov4Agro - Institute for Innovation, Capacity Building and Sustainability of Agri-food Production, Vila Real, Portugal; Department of Biology and Environment, Life Sciences and Environment School, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Apt. 1013, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
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22
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Chen K, Iwasaki N, Qiu X, Xu H, Takai Y, Tashiro K, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Obesogenic and developmental effects of TBT on the gene expression of juvenile Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 237:105907. [PMID: 34274867 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The widely used antifoulant tributyltin chloride (TBT) is highly toxic to aquatic organisms. In the present study, four-week-old Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) juveniles were orally exposed to TBT at 1 and 10 ng/g bw/d for 1, 2, and 4 weeks, respectively. Half of the tested medaka juveniles showed bone morphology alterations in both 1 and 10 ng/g bw/d TBT 4-week exposure groups. Nile Red (NR) staining showed that the juveniles exposed to 1 ng/g bw/d TBT for 2 and 4 weeks had significantly enlarged adipocyte areas. The mRNA-Seq analysis indicated that 1 ng/g bw/d TBT exposure for 2 weeks affected bone morphology through developmental processes. The GO and KEGG analyses suggested that the adipogenic effect of TBT observed in this study may be induced by metabolic processes, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid degradation and metabolism pathways. Therefore, both morphological observation and mRNA-Seq analysis showed obesogenic effects and developmental toxicity of TBT to juvenile Japanese medaka.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Naoto Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hai Xu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuki Takai
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tashiro
- Laboratory of Molecular Gene Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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23
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Chamorro-Garcia R, Veiga-Lopez A. The new kids on the block: Emerging obesogens. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2021; 92:457-484. [PMID: 34452694 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The current obesity epidemic is calling for action in the determination of contributing factors. Although social and life-style factors have been traditionally associated with metabolic disruption, a subset of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), called obesogens are garnering increasing attention for their ability to promote adipose tissue differentiation and accumulation. For some chemicals, such as tributyltin, there is conclusive evidence regarding their ability to promote adipogenesis and their mechanism of action. In recent years, the list of chemicals that exert obesogenic potential is increasing. In this chapter, we review current knowledge of the most recent developments in the field of emerging obesogens with a specific focus on food additives, surfactants, and sunscreens, for which the mechanism of action remains unclear. We also review new evidence relative to the obesogenic potential of environmentally relevant chemical mixtures and point to potential therapeutic approaches to minimize the detrimental effects of obesogens. We conclude by discussing the available tools to investigate new obesogenic chemicals, strategies to maximize reproducibility in adipogenic studies, and future directions that will help propel the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Microbiology and Environmental Toxicology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, United States.
| | - Almudena Veiga-Lopez
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; The ChicAgo Center for Health and Environment, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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24
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Templehof H, Moshe N, Avraham-Davidi I, Yaniv K. Zebrafish mutants provide insights into Apolipoprotein B functions during embryonic development and pathological conditions. JCI Insight 2021; 6:e130399. [PMID: 34236046 PMCID: PMC8410079 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.130399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein B (ApoB) is the primary protein of chylomicrons, VLDLs, and LDLs and is essential for their production. Defects in ApoB synthesis and secretion result in several human diseases, including abetalipoproteinemia and familial hypobetalipoproteinemia (FHBL1). In addition, ApoB-related dyslipidemia is linked to nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a silent pandemic affecting billions globally. Due to the crucial role of APOB in supplying nutrients to the developing embryo, ApoB deletion in mammals is embryonic lethal. Thus, a clear understanding of the roles of this protein during development is lacking. Here, we established zebrafish mutants for 2 apoB genes: apoBa and apoBb.1. Double-mutant embryos displayed hepatic steatosis, a common hallmark of FHBL1 and NAFLD, as well as abnormal liver laterality, decreased numbers of goblet cells in the gut, and impaired angiogenesis. We further used these mutants to identify the domains within ApoB responsible for its functions. By assessing the ability of different truncated forms of human APOB to rescue the mutant phenotypes, we demonstrate the benefits of this model for prospective therapeutic screens. Overall, these zebrafish models uncover what are likely previously undescribed functions of ApoB in organ development and morphogenesis and shed light on the mechanisms underlying hypolipidemia-related diseases.
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25
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Hafez T, Bilbao D, Etxebarria N, Duran R, Ortiz-Zarragoitia M. Application of a biological multilevel response approach in the copepod Acartia tonsa for toxicity testing of three oil Water Accommodated Fractions. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 169:105378. [PMID: 34102532 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2021.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Copepods play a critical role in the marine food webs, being a food source for marine organisms. In this study, we investigated the toxic effects of Water Accommodated Fractions (WAFs) from three types of oil: Naphthenic North Sea crude oil (NNS), Intermediate Fuel Oil (IFO 180) and a commercial Marine Gas Oil (MGO). The WAFs were prepared at 10 °C and 30 PSU (practical salinity unit), and tested on the marine copepod Acartia tonsa at different endpoints and at different levels of biological organization. We determined the median lethal concentrations after 96 h (LC50) and reproduction capabilities were calculated in adult females following seven days of exposure to sublethal WAF doses. The total lipid content was measured in reproductive females using Nile red lipophilic dye after 96 h of WAF exposure. We also measured the transcription levels of genes involved in antioxidant response and xenobiotic biotransformation after short exposure for 48 h. High doses (7% WAF) of MGO affected survival, percentage of fecund females, egg hatching success, and total lipid content. The IFO 180 WAF affected, at medium (20%) and high (40%) doses, the number of fecund females, mortality and produced significant effects on gene expression levels. In conclusion, toxicity assays showed that the WAFs prepared from refined oils were more toxic than crude oil WAF to Acartia tonsa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Hafez
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Hiribidea 47, E-48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Dennis Bilbao
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Hiribidea 47, E-48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; IBeA Research Group, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Hiribidea 47, E-48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain; IBeA Research Group, Dept. of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Robert Duran
- Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie, MELODY Group, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, E2S-UPPA, IPREM UMR CNRS 5254, BP 1155, 64013 Pau Cedex, France.
| | - Maren Ortiz-Zarragoitia
- CBET Research Group, Dept. of Zoology and Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Sarriena z/g, E-48940, Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PiE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Areatza Hiribidea 47, E-48620, Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
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26
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Preventive Effects of Green Tea Extract against Obesity Development in Zebrafish. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092627. [PMID: 33946279 PMCID: PMC8124760 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Various natural products (NPs) have been used to treat obesity and related diseases. However, the best way to fight obesity is preventive, with accurate body weight management through exercise, diet, or bioactive NPs to avoid obesity development. We demonstrated that green tea extract (GTE) is an anti-obesity NP using a zebrafish obesity model. Based on a hypothesis that GTE can prevent obesity, the objective of this study was to assess GTE's ability to attenuate obesity development. Juvenile zebrafish were pretreated with GTE for seven days before obesity induction via a high-fat diet; adult zebrafish were pretreated with GTE for two weeks before obesity induction by overfeeding. As a preventive intervention, GTE significantly decreased visceral adipose tissue accumulation in juveniles and ameliorated visceral adiposity and plasma triglyceride levels in adult zebrafish obesity models. RNA sequencing analysis was performed using liver tissues from adult obese zebrafish, with or without GTE administration, to investigate the underlying molecular mechanism. Transcriptome analysis revealed that preventive GTE treatment affects several pathways associated with anti-obesity regulation, including activation of STAT and downregulation of CEBP signaling pathways. In conclusion, GTE could be used as a preventive agent against obesity.
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27
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Houck KA, Simha A, Bone A, Doering JA, Vliet SM, LaLone C, Medvedev A, Makarov S. Evaluation of a multiplexed, multispecies nuclear receptor assay for chemical hazard assessment. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.105016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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28
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Amato AA, Wheeler HB, Blumberg B. Obesity and endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:R87-R105. [PMID: 33449914 PMCID: PMC7983487 DOI: 10.1530/ec-20-0578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is now a worldwide pandemic. The usual explanation given for the prevalence of obesity is that it results from consumption of a calorie dense diet coupled with physical inactivity. However, this model inadequately explains rising obesity in adults and in children over the past few decades, indicating that other factors must be important contributors. An endocrine-disrupting chemical (EDC) is an exogenous chemical, or mixture that interferes with any aspect of hormone action. EDCs have become pervasive in our environment, allowing humans to be exposed daily through ingestion, inhalation, and direct dermal contact. Exposure to EDCs has been causally linked with obesity in model organisms and associated with obesity occurrence in humans. Obesogens promote adipogenesis and obesity, in vivo, by a variety of mechanisms. The environmental obesogen model holds that exposure to obesogens elicits a predisposition to obesity and that such exposures may be an important yet overlooked factor in the obesity pandemic. Effects produced by EDCs and obesogen exposure may be passed to subsequent, unexposed generations. This "generational toxicology" is not currently factored into risk assessment by regulators but may be another important factor in the obesity pandemic as well as in the worldwide increases in the incidence of noncommunicable diseases that plague populations everywhere. This review addresses the current evidence on how obesogens affect body mass, discusses long-known chemicals that have been more recently identified as obesogens, and how the accumulated knowledge can help identify EDCs hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Amorim Amato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Hailey Brit Wheeler
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
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Smirnova A, Mentor A, Ranefall P, Bornehag CG, Brunström B, Mattsson A, Jönsson M. Increased apoptosis, reduced Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and altered tail development in zebrafish embryos exposed to a human-relevant chemical mixture. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 238:124584. [PMID: 33032226 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of anthropogenic chemicals is detected in humans and wildlife and the health effects of various chemical exposures are not well understood. Early life stages are generally the most susceptible to chemical disruption and developmental exposure can cause disease in adulthood, but the mechanistic understanding of such effects is poor. Within the EU project EDC-MixRisk, a chemical mixture (Mixture G) was identified in the Swedish pregnancy cohort SELMA by the inverse association between levels in women at around gestational week ten with birth weight of their children. This mixture was composed of mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, mono-ethylhexyl phthalate, mono-isononyl phthalate, triclosan, perfluorohexane sulfonate, perfluorooctanoic acid, and perfluorooctane sulfonate. In a series of experimental studies, we characterized effects of Mixture G on early development in zebrafish models. Here, we studied apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling which are two evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways of crucial importance during development. We determined effects on apoptosis by measuring TUNEL staining, caspase-3 activity, and acridine orange staining in wildtype zebrafish embryos, while Wnt/β-catenin signaling was assayed using a transgenic line expressing an EGFP reporter at β-catenin-regulated promoters. We found that Mixture G increased apoptosis, suppressed Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the caudal fin, and altered the shape of the caudal fin at water concentrations only 20-100 times higher than the geometric mean serum concentration in the human cohort. These findings call for awareness that pollutant mixtures like mixture G may interfere with a variety of developmental processes, possibly resulting in adverse health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Smirnova
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala (CRU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Mentor
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala (CRU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Petter Ranefall
- SciLifeLab BioImage Informatics Facility, and Dept of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Carl-Gustaf Bornehag
- Public Health Sciences, Karlstad University, Karlstad, Sweden; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Björn Brunström
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala (CRU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Mattsson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala (CRU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Maria Jönsson
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; The Centre for Reproductive Biology in Uppsala (CRU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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30
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van de Venter M, Didloff J, Reddy S, Swanepoel B, Govender S, Dambuza NS, Williams S, Koekemoer TC, Venables L. Wild-Type Zebrafish ( Danio rerio) Larvae as a Vertebrate Model for Diabetes and Comorbidities: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2020; 11:E54. [PMID: 33396883 PMCID: PMC7824285 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have become a popular alternative to higher animals in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. The development of stable mutant lines to model target specific aspects of many diseases, including diabetes, is well reported. However, these mutant lines are much more costly and challenging to maintain than wild-type zebrafish and are simply not an option for many research facilities. As an alternative to address the disadvantages of advanced mutant lines, wild-type larvae may represent a suitable option. In this review, we evaluate organ development in zebrafish larvae and discuss established methods that use wild-type zebrafish larvae up to seven days post fertilization to test for potential drug candidates for diabetes and its commonly associated conditions of oxidative stress and inflammation. This provides an up to date overview of the relevance of wild-type zebrafish larvae as a vertebrate antidiabetic model and confidence as an alternative tool for preclinical studies. We highlight the advantages and disadvantages of established methods and suggest recommendations for future developments to promote the use of zebrafish, specifically larvae, rather than higher animals in the early phase of antidiabetic drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna van de Venter
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; (J.D.); (S.R.); (B.S.); (S.G.); (S.W.); (T.C.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Jenske Didloff
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; (J.D.); (S.R.); (B.S.); (S.G.); (S.W.); (T.C.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Shanika Reddy
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; (J.D.); (S.R.); (B.S.); (S.G.); (S.W.); (T.C.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Bresler Swanepoel
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; (J.D.); (S.R.); (B.S.); (S.G.); (S.W.); (T.C.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Sharlene Govender
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; (J.D.); (S.R.); (B.S.); (S.G.); (S.W.); (T.C.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Ntokozo Shirley Dambuza
- Department of Pharmacy, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa;
| | - Saralene Williams
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; (J.D.); (S.R.); (B.S.); (S.G.); (S.W.); (T.C.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Trevor Craig Koekemoer
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; (J.D.); (S.R.); (B.S.); (S.G.); (S.W.); (T.C.K.); (L.V.)
| | - Luanne Venables
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Nelson Mandela University, PO Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa; (J.D.); (S.R.); (B.S.); (S.G.); (S.W.); (T.C.K.); (L.V.)
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31
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Nakayama H, Hata K, Matsuoka I, Zang L, Kim Y, Chu D, Juneja LR, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. Anti-Obesity Natural Products Tested in Juvenile Zebrafish Obesogenic Tests and Mouse 3T3-L1 Adipogenesis Assays. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245840. [PMID: 33322023 PMCID: PMC7764013 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The obesity epidemic has been drastically progressing in both children and adults worldwide. Pharmacotherapy is considered necessary for its treatment. However, many anti-obesity drugs have been withdrawn from the market due to their adverse effects. Instead, natural products (NPs) have been studied as a source for drug discovery for obesity, with the goal of limiting the adverse effects. Zebrafish are ideal model animals for in vivo testing of anti-obesity NPs, and disease models of several types of obesity have been developed. However, the evidence for zebrafish as an anti-obesity drug screening model are still limited. (2) Methods: We performed anti-adipogenic testing using the juvenile zebrafish obesogenic test (ZOT) and mouse 3T3-L1 preadipocytes using the focused NP library containing 38 NPs and compared their results. (3) Results: Seven and eleven NPs reduced lipid accumulation in zebrafish visceral fat tissues and mouse adipocytes, respectively. Of these, five NPs suppressed lipid accumulation in both zebrafish and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. We confirmed that these five NPs (globin-digested peptides, green tea extract, red pepper extract, nobiletin, and Moringa leaf powder) exerted anti-obesity effects in diet-induced obese adult zebrafish. (4) Conclusions: ZOT using juvenile fish can be a high-throughput alternative to ZOT using adult zebrafish and can be applied for in vivo screening to discover novel therapeutics for visceral obesity and potentially also other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (K.H.); (I.M.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kanae Hata
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (K.H.); (I.M.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
| | - Izumi Matsuoka
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (K.H.); (I.M.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
| | - Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (K.H.); (I.M.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Youngil Kim
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka 544-0012, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.C.); (L.R.J.)
| | - Djongchi Chu
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka 544-0012, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.C.); (L.R.J.)
| | - Lekh Raj Juneja
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Osaka 544-0012, Japan; (Y.K.); (D.C.); (L.R.J.)
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan; (H.N.); (K.H.); (I.M.); (L.Z.); (N.N.)
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Mie University, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Advanced Science Research Promotion Center, Tsu 514-8507, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-592-31-5411
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32
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Martínez R, Codina AE, Barata C, Tauler R, Piña B, Navarro-Martín L. Transcriptomic effects of tributyltin (TBT) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos. A functional benchmark dose analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 398:122881. [PMID: 32474318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to the antifouling tributyltin (TBT) has been related to imposex in mollusks and to obesogenicity, adipogenesis and masculinization in fish. To understand the underlying molecular mechanisms, we evaluated dose-response effects of TBT (1.7-56 nM) in zebrafish eleutheroembryos transcriptome exposed from 2 to 5 days post-fertilization. RNA-sequencing analysis identified 3238 differentially expressed transcripts in eleutheroembryos exposed to TBT. Benchmark dose analyses (BMD) showed that the point of departure (PoD) for transcriptomic effects (9.28 nM) was similar to the metabolomic PoD (11.5 nM) and about one order of magnitude lower than the morphometric PoD (67.9 nM) or the median lethal concentration (LC50: 93.6 nM). Functional analysis of BMD transcriptomic data identified steroid metabolism and cholesterol and vitamin D3 biosynthesis as the most sensitive pathways to TBT (<50% PoD). Conversely, transcripts related to general stress and DNA damage became affected only at doses above the PoD. Therefore, our results indicate that transcriptomes can act as early molecular indicators of pollutant exposure, and illustrates their usefulness for the mechanistic identification of the initial toxic events. As the estimated molecular PoDs are close to environmental levels, we concluded that TBT may represent a substantial risk in some natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Martínez
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain; Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalunya 08007, Spain.
| | - Anna E Codina
- CNAG-CRG, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona 08028, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona 08003, Spain.
| | - Carlos Barata
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Romà Tauler
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Benjamin Piña
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
| | - Laia Navarro-Martín
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona, Catalunya, 08034, Spain.
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33
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Matsuura N, Zang L, Nishimura N, Shimada Y. Lacto-Fermented Cauliflower Fungus (Sparassis crispa) Ameliorates Hepatic Steatosis by Activating Beta-Oxidation in Diet-Induced Obese Zebrafish. J Med Food 2020; 23:803-810. [DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2019.4571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Matsuura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Bankyo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Taki, Japan
| | - Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Japan
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Japan
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34
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Chowanadisai W, Hart MD, Strong MD, Graham DM, Rucker RB, Smith BJ, Keen CL, Messerli MA. Genetic and Genomic Advances in Developmental Models: Applications for Nutrition Research. Adv Nutr 2020; 11:971-978. [PMID: 32135011 PMCID: PMC7360451 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that dietary components influence and interact with genes important to metabolism. How such influences impact developmental regulation and programming or risks of chronic diseases remains unclear. Nutrition is recognized to affect development and chronic diseases, but our understanding about how genes essential to nutrient metabolism regulate development and impact risks of these diseases remains unclear. Historically, mammalian models, especially rodents such as rats and mice, have been the primary models used for nutrition and developmental nutrition science, although their complexity and relatively slow rate of development often compromise rapid progress in resolving fundamental, genetic-related questions. Accordingly, the objective of this review is to highlight the opportunities for developmental models in the context of uncovering the function of gene products that are relevant to human nutrition and provide the scientific bases for these opportunities. We present recent studies in zebrafish related to obesity as applications of developmental models in nutritional science. Although the control of external factors and dependent variables, such as nutrition, can be a challenge, suggestions for standardizations related to diet are made to improve consistency in findings between laboratories. The review also highlights the need for standardized diets across different developmental models, which could improve consistency in findings across laboratories. Alternative and developmental animal models have advantages and largely untapped potential for the advancement of nutrigenomics and nutritionally relevant research areas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Hart
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Morgan D Strong
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - David M Graham
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Robert B Rucker
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brenda J Smith
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Carl L Keen
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Messerli
- Department of Biology and Microbiology, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD, USA
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35
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Griffin MD, Pereira SR, DeBari MK, Abbott RD. Mechanisms of action, chemical characteristics, and model systems of obesogens. BMC Biomed Eng 2020; 2:6. [PMID: 32903358 PMCID: PMC7422567 DOI: 10.1186/s42490-020-00040-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence for the role of environmental endocrine disrupting contaminants, coined obesogens, in exacerbating the rising obesity epidemic. Obesogens can be found in everyday items ranging from pesticides to food packaging. Although research shows that obesogens can have effects on adipocyte size, phenotype, metabolic activity, and hormone levels, much remains unknown about these chemicals. This review will discuss what is currently known about the mechanisms of obesogens, including expression of the PPARs, hormone interference, and inflammation. Strategies for identifying obesogenic chemicals and their mechanisms through chemical characteristics and model systems will also be discussed. Ultimately, research should focus on improving models to discern precise mechanisms of obesogenic action and to test therapeutics targeting these mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallory D Griffin
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Sean R Pereira
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Megan K DeBari
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Rosalyn D Abbott
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Scott Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
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36
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Audouze K, Sarigiannis D, Alonso-Magdalena P, Brochot C, Casas M, Vrijheid M, Babin PJ, Karakitsios S, Coumoul X, Barouki R. Integrative Strategy of Testing Systems for Identification of Endocrine Disruptors Inducing Metabolic Disorders-An Introduction to the OBERON Project. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082988. [PMID: 32340264 PMCID: PMC7216143 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chemical substances that can produce endocrine disrupting effects represents one of the most critical public health threats nowadays. In line with the regulatory framework implemented within the European Union (EU) to reduce the levels of endocrine disruptors (EDs) for consumers, new and effective methods for ED testing are needed. The OBERON project will build an integrated testing strategy (ITS) to detect ED-related metabolic disorders by developing, improving and validating a battery of test systems. It will be based on the concept of an integrated approach for testing and assessment (IATA). OBERON will combine (1) experimental methods (in vitro, e.g., using 2D and 3D human-derived cells and tissues, and in vivo, i.e., using zebrafish at different stages), (2) high throughput omics technologies, (3) epidemiology and human biomonitoring studies and (4) advanced computational models (in silico and systems biology) on functional endpoints related to metabolism. Such interdisciplinary framework will help in deciphering EDs based on a mechanistic understanding of toxicity by providing and making available more effective alternative test methods relevant for human health that are in line with regulatory needs. Data generated in OBERON will also allow the development of novel adverse outcome pathways (AOPs). The assays will be pre-validated in order to select the test systems that will show acceptable performance in terms of relevance for the second step of the validation process, i.e., the inter-laboratory validation as ring tests. Therefore, the aim of the OBERON project is to support the organization for economic co-operation and development (OECD) conceptual framework for testing and assessment of single and/or mixture of EDs by developing specific assays not covered by the current tests, and to propose an IATA for ED-related metabolic disorder detection, which will be submitted to the Joint Research Center (JRC) and OECD community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Audouze
- Inserm UMR S-1124, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (X.C.); (R.B.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Denis Sarigiannis
- HERACLES Research Center on the Exposome and Health, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Center for Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece;
| | - Paloma Alonso-Magdalena
- Instituto de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación en Biotecnología Sanitaria de Elche (IDiBE), Universidad Miguel Hernández, 03202 Elche, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Celine Brochot
- Institut National de l’Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Unité Modèles pour l’Ecotoxicologie et la Toxicologie (METO), Parc ALATA BP2, 60550 Verneuil en Halatte, France;
| | - Maribel Casas
- ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.V.)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine Vrijheid
- ISGlobal, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; (M.C.); (M.V.)
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patrick J. Babin
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1211, MRGM, F-33615 Pessac, France;
| | | | - Xavier Coumoul
- Inserm UMR S-1124, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (X.C.); (R.B.)
| | - Robert Barouki
- Inserm UMR S-1124, Université de Paris, 75006 Paris, France; (X.C.); (R.B.)
- Service de Biochimie métabolomique et protéomique, Hôpital Necker enfants malades, AP-HP, 75015 Paris, France
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37
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Egusquiza RJ, Blumberg B. Environmental Obesogens and Their Impact on Susceptibility to Obesity: New Mechanisms and Chemicals. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqaa024. [PMID: 32067051 PMCID: PMC7060764 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of obesity has reached an all-time high, and this increase is observed worldwide. There is a growing need to understand all the factors that contribute to obesity to effectively treat and prevent it and associated comorbidities. The obesogen hypothesis proposes that there are chemicals in our environment termed obesogens that can affect individual susceptibility to obesity and thus help explain the recent large increases in obesity. This review discusses current advances in our understanding of how obesogens act to affect health and obesity susceptibility. Newly discovered obesogens and potential obesogens are discussed, together with future directions for research that may help to reduce the impact of these pervasive chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riann Jenay Egusquiza
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
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38
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Crawford KA, Clark BW, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Karchner SI, Hahn ME, Nacci DE, Schlezinger JJ. Tributyltin disrupts fin development in Fundulus heteroclitus from both PCB-sensitive and resistant populations: Investigations of potential interactions between AHR and PPARγ. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2020; 218:105334. [PMID: 31743820 PMCID: PMC6935467 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.105334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are environmental contaminants that are highly toxic to fish and co-occur in New Bedford Harbor (NBH), an estuarine Superfund site located in Massachusetts, USA. Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) that reside in NBH (and other highly contaminated sites along the east coast of the United States) have developed resistance to activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) pathway and the toxicity of dioxin-like chemicals, such as 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl, PCB126. In many biological systems, TBT disregulates adipose and bone development via the PPARγ-RXR pathway; AHR activation also disrupts adipose and bone homeostasis, potentially through molecular crosstalk between AHR and PPARγ. However, little is known about how co-exposure and the interaction of these pathways modulate the toxicological effects of these contaminants. Here, we tested the hypotheses that TBT would induce teratogenesis in killifish via activation of PPARγ and that PCB126 co-exposure would suppress PPARγ pathway activation in PCB-sensitive killifish from a reference site (Scorton Creek, SC, PCB-sensitive) but not in PCB-tolerant NBH killifish. Killifish embryos from both populations exposed to TBT (50 and 100 nM) displayed caudal fin deformities. TBT did not change the expression of pparg or its target genes related to adipogenesis (fabp11a and fabp1b) in either population. However, expression of osx/sp7, an osteoblast marker gene, and col2a1b, a chondroblast marker gene, was significantly suppressed by TBT only in SC killifish. An RXR-specific agonist, but not a PPARγ-specific agonist, induced caudal fin deformities like those observed in TBT-treated embryos. PCB126 did not induce caudal fin deformities and did not exacerbate TBT-induced fin deformities. Further, PCB126 increased expression of pparg in SC embryos and not NBH embryos, but did not change the expression of fabp1b. Taken together, these results suggest that in killifish embryos the PPARγ pathway is regulated in part by AHR, but is minimally active at least in this early life stage. In killifish, RXR activation, rather than PPARγ activation, appears to be the mechanism by which TBT induces caudal fin teratogenicity, which is not modulated by AHR responsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Crawford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - B W Clark
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - W J Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - S I Karchner
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - M E Hahn
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - D E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - J J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA.
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39
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Ye L, Mueller O, Bagwell J, Bagnat M, Liddle RA, Rawls JF. High fat diet induces microbiota-dependent silencing of enteroendocrine cells. eLife 2019; 8:48479. [PMID: 31793875 PMCID: PMC6937151 DOI: 10.7554/elife.48479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) are specialized sensory cells in the intestinal epithelium that sense and transduce nutrient information. Consumption of dietary fat contributes to metabolic disorders, but EEC adaptations to high fat feeding were unknown. Here, we established a new experimental system to directly investigate EEC activity in vivo using a zebrafish reporter of EEC calcium signaling. Our results reveal that high fat feeding alters EEC morphology and converts them into a nutrient insensitive state that is coupled to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. We called this novel adaptation 'EEC silencing'. Gnotobiotic studies revealed that germ-free zebrafish are resistant to high fat diet induced EEC silencing. High fat feeding altered gut microbiota composition including enrichment of Acinetobacter bacteria, and we identified an Acinetobacter strain sufficient to induce EEC silencing. These results establish a new mechanism by which dietary fat and gut microbiota modulate EEC nutrient sensing and signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Ye
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Olaf Mueller
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Jennifer Bagwell
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - Rodger A Liddle
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
| | - John F Rawls
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, United States
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40
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Elemans LM, Cervera IP, Riley SE, Wafer R, Fong R, Tandon P, Minchin JE. Quantitative analyses of adiposity dynamics in zebrafish. Adipocyte 2019; 8:330-338. [PMID: 31411107 PMCID: PMC6768273 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2019.1648175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissues often exhibit subtle, quantitative differences between individuals, leading to a graded series of adiposity phenotypes at the population level. Robust, quantitative analyses are vital for studying these differences. In this Commentary we highlight two articles from our lab that employ sensitive new methods in zebrafish capable of delineating complex and quantitative adiposity phenotypes. In the first article, we utilized in vivo imaging to systematically quantify zebrafish adipose tissues. We identified 34 regionally distinct zebrafish adipose tissues and developed statistical models to predict the size and variance of each adipose tissue over the course of zebrafish growth. We then employed these models to identify effects of strain and diet on adipose tissue growth. In the second article, we employed deep phenotyping to study complex disease-related adiposity traits. Using this methodology, we identified that adipose tissues have unique capacities to re-deposit lipid following food restriction and re-feeding. These distinct re-deposition potentials led to widespread fat distribution changes following re-feeding. We discuss how these novel findings may provide relevance to health conditions such as anorexia nervosa. Together, the strategies described in these two articles can be used as unbiased and quantitative methods to uncover new relationships between genotype, diet and adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loes M.H. Elemans
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | | | - Susanna E. Riley
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rebecca Wafer
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Rosalyn Fong
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Panna Tandon
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - James E.N. Minchin
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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41
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Barbosa MAG, Capela R, Rodolfo J, Fonseca E, Montes R, André A, Capitão A, Carvalho AP, Quintana JB, Castro LFC, Santos MM. Linking chemical exposure to lipid homeostasis: A municipal waste water treatment plant influent is obesogenic for zebrafish larvae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109406. [PMID: 31288122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a risk factor for the development of type-2 diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, hepatic steatosis and some cancers, has been ranked in the top 10 health risk in the world by the World Health Organization. Despite the growing body of literature evidencing an association between the obesity epidemic and specific chemical exposure across a wide range of animal taxa, very few studies assessed the effects of chemical mixtures and environmental samples on lipid homeostasis. Additionally, the mode of action of several chemicals reported to alter lipid homeostasis is still poorly understood. Aiming to fill some of these gaps, we combined an in vivo assay with the model species zebrafish (Danio rerio) to screen lipid accumulation and evaluate expression changes of key genes involved in lipid homeostasis, alongside with an in vitro transactivation assay using human and zebrafish nuclear receptors, retinoid X receptor α and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. Zebrafish larvae were exposed from 4 th day post-fertilization until the end of the experiment (day 18), to six different treatments: experimental control, solvent control, tributyltin at 100 ng/L Sn and 200 ng/L Sn (positive control), and wastewater treatment plant influent at 1.25% and 2.5%. Exposure to tributyltin and to 2.5% influent led to a significant accumulation of lipids, with white adipose tissue deposits concentrating in the perivisceral area. The highest in vitro tested influent concentration (10%) was able to significantly transactivate the human heterodimer PPARγ/RXRα, thus suggesting the presence in the influent of HsPPARγ/RXRα agonists. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, the ability of complex environmental samples from a municipal waste water treatment plant influent to induce lipid accumulation in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Audrey Gomes Barbosa
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Capela
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Rodolfo
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; ICBAS - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Elza Fonseca
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana André
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ana Capitão
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Benito Quintana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Sciences, IIAA-Institute for Food Analysis and Research, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Constantino Candeira S/N, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machado Santos
- CIMAR/CIIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Avenida General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; FCUP-Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua Do Campo Alegre, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.
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42
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Zang L, Shimada Y, Nakayama H, Kim Y, Chu DC, Juneja LR, Kuroyanagi J, Nishimura N. RNA-seq Based Transcriptome Analysis of the Anti-Obesity Effect of Green Tea Extract Using Zebrafish Obesity Models. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24183256. [PMID: 31500159 PMCID: PMC6767142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24183256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Green tea is a popular beverage that is rich in polyphenolic compounds such as catechins. Its major content, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate, has been shown to have beneficial effects on several diseases including cancer, metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to assess the anti-obesity effects and the underlying molecular mechanisms of green tea extract (GTE) using zebrafish larva and adult obesity models. We administered 100 μg/mL GTE to zebrafish larvae and performed a short-term obesogenic test. GTE significantly decreased the visceral adipose tissue volume induced by a high-fat diet. Oral administration (250 µg/g body weight/day) of GTE to adult diet-induced obese zebrafish also significantly reduced their visceral adipose tissue volume, with a reduction of plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. To investigate the molecular mechanism underlying the GTE effects, we conducted RNA sequencing using liver tissues of adult zebrafish and found that GTE may ameliorate the obese phenotypes via the activation of Wnt/β-catenin and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway signaling. In addition, the comparative transcriptome analysis revealed that zebrafish and mammals may share a common molecular response to GTE. Our findings suggest that daily consumption of green tea may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Yasuhito Shimada
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Integrative Pharmacology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Department of Bioinformatics, Mie University Life Science Research Centre, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroko Nakayama
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Youngil Kim
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 544-8666, Japan
| | - Djong-Chi Chu
- Rohto Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Osaka 544-8666, Japan
| | | | | | - Norihiro Nishimura
- Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
- Mie University Zebrafish Drug Screening Center, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
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43
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Benchoula K, Khatib A, Jaffar A, Ahmed QU, Sulaiman WMAW, Wahab RA, El-Seedi HR. The promise of zebrafish as a model of metabolic syndrome. Exp Anim 2019; 68:407-416. [PMID: 31118344 PMCID: PMC6842808 DOI: 10.1538/expanim.18-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a cluster including hyperglycaemia, obesity, hypertension, and
hypertriglyceridaemia as a result of biochemical and physiological alterations and can
increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Fundamental research on this
disease requires validated animal models. One potential animal model that is rapidly
gaining in popularity is zebrafish (Danio rerio). The use of zebrafish as
an animal model conveys several advantages, including high human genetic homology,
transparent embryos and larvae that allow easier visualization. This review discusses how
zebrafish models contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome studies. Different
diseases in the cluster of metabolic syndrome, such as hyperglycaemia, obesity, diabetes,
and hypertriglyceridaemia, have been successfully studied using zebrafish; and the model
is promising for hypertension and cardiovascular metabolic-related diseases due to its
genetic similarity to mammals. Genetic mutation, chemical induction, and dietary
alteration are among the tools used to improve zebrafish models. This field is expanding,
and thus, more effective and efficient techniques are currently developed to fulfil the
increasing demand for thorough investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia.,Central Research and Animal Facility (CREAM), Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahamad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ashika Jaffar
- School of Biosciences & Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Qamar Udin Ahmed
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Wan Mohd Azizi Wan Sulaiman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Ridhwan Abd Wahab
- Kulliyah of Allied Health Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Sultan Ahmad Shah Street, Kuantan 25200, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy Group, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.,Alrayan Medical colleges, Medina 42541, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Crawford KA, Clark BW, Heiger-Bernays WJ, Karchner SI, Claus Henn BG, Griffith KN, Howes BL, Schlezinger DR, Hahn ME, Nacci DE, Schlezinger JJ. Altered lipid homeostasis in a PCB-resistant Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) population from New Bedford Harbor, MA, U.S.A. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:30-43. [PMID: 30822701 PMCID: PMC6544361 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Sentinel species such as the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus) living in urban waterways can be used as toxicological models to understand impacts of environmental metabolism disrupting compound (MDC) exposure on both wildlife and humans. Exposure to MDCs is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome, including impaired lipid and glucose homeostasis, adipogenesis, appetite control, and basal metabolism. MDCs are ubiquitous in the environment, including in aquatic environments. New Bedford Harbor (NBH), Massachusetts is polluted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and, as we show for the first time, tin (Sn). PCBs and organotins are ligands for two receptor systems known to regulate lipid homeostasis, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), respectively. In the current study, we compared lipid homeostasis in laboratory-reared killifish from NBH (F2) and a reference location (Scorton Creek, Massachusetts; F1 and F2) to evaluate how adaptation to local conditions may influence responses to MDCs. Adult killifish from each population were exposed to 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB126, dioxin-like), 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153, non-dioxin-like), or tributyltin (TBT, a PPARγ ligand) by a single intraperitoneal injection and analyzed after 3 days. AHR activation was assessed by measuring cyp1a mRNA expression. Lipid homeostasis was evaluated phenotypically by measuring liver triglycerides and organosomatic indices, and at the molecular level by measuring the mRNA expression of pparg and ppara and a target gene for each receptor. Acute MDC exposure did not affect phenotypic outcomes. However, overall NBH killifish had higher liver triglycerides and adiposomatic indices than SC killifish. Both season and population were significant predictors of the lipid phenotype. Acute MDC exposure altered hepatic gene expression only in male killifish from SC. PCB126 exposure induced cyp1a and pparg, whereas PCB153 exposure induced ppara. TBT exposure did not induce ppar-dependent pathways. Comparison of lipid homeostasis in two killifish populations extends our understanding of how MDCs act on fish and provides a basis to infer adaptive benefits of these differences in the wild.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn A Crawford
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Bryan W Clark
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education at the Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Wendy J Heiger-Bernays
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sibel I Karchner
- Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Birgit G Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin N Griffith
- Department of Health Law, Policy and Management, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian L Howes
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - David R Schlezinger
- School for Marine Science and Technology, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth, New Bedford, MA, USA
| | - Mark E Hahn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Biology Department, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Diane E Nacci
- Atlantic Ecology Division, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, Narragansett, RI, USA
| | - Jennifer J Schlezinger
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Boston University Superfund Research Program, Boston, MA, USA
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45
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Qiu X, Iwasaki N, Chen K, Shimasaki Y, Oshima Y. Tributyltin and perfluorooctane sulfonate play a synergistic role in promoting excess fat accumulation in Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) via in ovo exposure. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 220:687-695. [PMID: 30605811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous environmental obesogens tributyltin (TBT) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) may accumulate in parent and be transferred to their offspring, resulting in trans-generational adverse effects. In this study, we investigated the combined toxic and obesogenic effects of TBT and PFOS on the early life stages of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes). In ovo nanoinjection was used to simulate the maternal transfer process. Doses were controlled at 0, 0.05, 0.5, and 2.5 ng/egg (TBT) and at 0, 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0 ng/egg (PFOS), with a full factorial design for mixture formulations. Relatively high doses of agents in mixtures were needed to induce significant mortality (TBT ≥ 0.5 ng/egg) or delayed hatching (PFOS = 5.0 ng/egg) of embryos. The interaction between TBT and PFOS in mixtures had significant effects on the observed hatching delay, but not on acute mortality. Compared with controls, separate exposure to TBT (or PFOS) notably elevated adipose areas at the doses of 0.05 and 0.5 ng/egg, but not at the highest doses. Combined exposure significantly promoted the fat accumulation in newly hatched larvae, even when the doses of TBT and PFOS were both at the levels that did not show obesogenic effect. The interactive effect of TBT and PFOS could aggravate the total obesogenic effect of their mixtures, indicating a synergistic interaction. These results highlight the importance of paying close attention to interaction effects when addressing the impacts of mixtures of environmental obesogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Qiu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Naoto Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Kun Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, PR China; Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan
| | - Yuji Oshima
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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46
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Marteinson SC, Fernie KJ. Is the current-use flame retardant, DBE-DBCH, a potential obesogen? Effects on body mass, fat content and associated behaviors in American kestrels. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 169:770-777. [PMID: 30597775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.11.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current-use brominated flame retardant, 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (DBE-DBCH), is capable of perturbing sex steroid and thyroid hormone pathways in vitro and in vivo. Chemicals with this capability may also disrupt metabolic processes and are candidate obesogens, but this potential has not yet been determined for DBE-DBCH. Our objective was to examine gross biomarkers of metabolic disruption in captive American kestrels. Birds were exposed by diet to the β isomer at the environmentally relevant dose of 0.239 ng β-DBE-DBCH/g kestrel/day, from 30 days (d) prior to pairing through until chicks hatched (82 d) (n = 30 breeding pairs) or for 28 d (n = 16 pre-breeding pairs), and were compared with vehicle-only exposed controls. Body mass was assessed throughout the breeding season at biologically relevant time points, flight and feeding behavior was measured in 5-min samples daily, and plasma triglycerides and cholesterol were assessed at d10 of brood rearing. Treated males were heavier than controls at pairing (p = 0.051), the final week of courtship (p = 0.061), and at d10 (p = 0.012) and d20 of brood rearing (p = 0.051); β-DBE-DBCH-exposed breeding females were similar in weight to control females. Treated birds tended to have higher plasma triglycerides (p = 0.078), which for females, was positively associated with body mass (p = 0.019). Heavier breeding males had higher plasma concentrations of testosterone and total thyroxine (p ≤ 0.046). Overall, both sexes exposed to β-DBE-DBCH demonstrated reduced flight behavior and increased feeding behavior during courtship. In the pre-breeding pairs, treated male and female kestrels had a higher percentage of body fat than respective controls (p = 0.045). These results demonstrate that β-DBE-DBCH elicited inappropriate fat and weight gain in adult American kestrels, consistent with their increased feeding, reduced flight activity and endocrine changes, and suggests that DBE-DBCH may be an obesogen warranting further research to test this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Marteinson
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kim J Fernie
- Ecotoxicology & Wildlife Health Division, Science & Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, Ontario, Canada.
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47
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Chamorro-Garcia R, Blumberg B. Current Research Approaches and Challenges in the Obesogen Field. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:167. [PMID: 30967838 PMCID: PMC6438851 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide pandemic that also contributes to the increased incidence of other diseases such as type 2 diabetes. Increased obesity is generally ascribed to positive energy balance. However, recent findings suggest that exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals such as obesogens during critical windows of development, may play an important role in the current obesity trends. Several experimental approaches, from in vitro cell cultures to transgenerational in vivo studies, are used to better understand the mechanisms of action of obesogens, each of which contributes to answer different questions. In this review, we discuss current knowledge in the obesogen field and the existing tools developed in research laboratories using tributyltin as a model obesogen. By understanding the advantages and limitations of each of these tools, we will better focus and design experimental approaches that will help expanding the obesogen field with the objective of finding potential therapeutic targets in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Chamorro-Garcia
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Bruce Blumberg
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48
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Capitão AMF, Lopes-Marques MS, Ishii Y, Ruivo R, Fonseca ESS, Páscoa I, Jorge RP, Barbosa MAG, Hiromori Y, Miyagi T, Nakanishi T, Santos MM, Castro LFC. Evolutionary Exploitation of Vertebrate Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ by Organotins. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:13951-13959. [PMID: 30398865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Globally persistent man-made chemicals display ever-growing ecosystemic consequences, a hallmark of the Anthropocene epoch. In this context, the assessment of how lineage-specific gene repertoires influence organism sensitivity toward endocrine disruptors is a central question in toxicology. A striking example highlights the role of a group of compounds known as obesogens. In mammals, most examples involve the modulation of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). To address the structural and biological determinants of PPARγ exploitation by a model obesogen, tributyltin (TBT), in chordates, we employed comparative genomics, transactivation and ligand binding assays, homology modeling, and site-directed-mutagenesis. We show that the emergence of multiple PPARs (α, β and γ) in vertebrate ancestry coincides with the acquisition of TBT agonist affinity, as can be deduced from the conserved transactivation and binding affinity of the chondrichthyan and mammalian PPARγ. The amphioxus single-copy PPAR is irresponsive to TBT; as well as the investigated teleosts, this is a probable consequence of a specific mutational remodeling of the ligand binding pocket. Our findings endorse the modulatory ability of man-made chemicals and suggest an evolutionarily diverse setting, with impacts for environmental risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M F Capitão
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Mónica S Lopes-Marques
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Yoichiro Ishii
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi , Gifu , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Raquel Ruivo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Elza S S Fonseca
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Inês Páscoa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Rodolfo P Jorge
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
| | - Mélanie A G Barbosa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - Youhei Hiromori
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi , Gifu , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Suzuka University of Medical Science 3500-3 Minamitamagaki , Suzuka , Mie 513-8670 , Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyagi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi , Gifu , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Nakanishi
- Laboratory of Hygienic Chemistry and Molecular Toxicology , Gifu Pharmaceutical University , 1-25-4 Daigaku-nishi , Gifu , Gifu 501-1196 , Japan
| | - Miguel M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
| | - L Filipe C Castro
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research , University of Porto , 4450-208 Matosinhos , Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences , University of Porto , 4169-007 Porto , Portugal
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49
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Arias-Jayo N, Abecia L, Alonso-Sáez L, Ramirez-Garcia A, Rodriguez A, Pardo MA. High-Fat Diet Consumption Induces Microbiota Dysbiosis and Intestinal Inflammation in Zebrafish. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2018; 76:1089-1101. [PMID: 29736898 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-018-1198-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Energy-dense foods and overnutrition represent major starting points altering lipid metabolism, systemic inflammation and gut microbiota. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) over a period of 25 days on intestinal microbiota and inflammation in zebrafish. Microbial composition of HFD-fed animals was analysed and compared to controls by 16S rRNA sequencing and quantitative PCR. The expression level on several genes related to inflammation was tested. Furthermore, microscopic assessment of the intestine was performed in both conditions. The consumption of the HFD resulted in microbial dysbiosis, characterised by an increase in the relative abundance of the phylum Bacteroidetes. Moreover, an emerging intestinal inflammation via NF-κβ activation was confirmed by the overexpression of several genes related to signalling receptors, antimicrobial metabolism and the inflammatory cascade. The intestinal barrier was also damaged, with an increase of goblet cell mucin production. This is the first study performed in zebrafish which suggests that the consumption of a diet enriched with 10% fat changes the intestinal microbial community composition, which was correlated with low-grade inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Arias-Jayo
- Food research, Azti, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain.
| | - Leticia Abecia
- CIC bioGUNE, Parque Tecnológico de Bizkaia, Edificio 801A, 48160, Derio, Spain
| | - Laura Alonso-Sáez
- Marine research, Azti, Txatxarramendi ugartea z/g, 48395, Txatxarramendi, Spain
| | - Andoni Ramirez-Garcia
- Departmento de Immunología, Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco (UPV/EHU), 48940, Leioa, Spain
| | - Alfonso Rodriguez
- St Luke's General Hospital, Freshford Road, Friarsinch, Kilkenny, R95 FY71, Ireland
| | - Miguel A Pardo
- Food research, Azti, Parque tecnológico de Bizkaia, Astondo Bidea 609, 48160, Derio, Spain
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50
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Zang L, Maddison LA, Chen W. Zebrafish as a Model for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:91. [PMID: 30177968 PMCID: PMC6110173 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes now considered global epidemics. The prevalence rates of diabetes are increasing in parallel with the rates of obesity and the strong connection between these two diseases has been coined as “diabesity.” The health risks of overweight or obesity include Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), coronary heart disease and cancer of numerous organs. Both obesity and diabetes are complex diseases that involve the interaction of genetics and environmental factors. The underlying pathogenesis of obesity and diabetes are not well understood and further research is needed for pharmacological and surgical management. Consequently, the use of animal models of obesity and/or diabetes is important for both improving the understanding of these diseases and to identify and develop effective treatments. Zebrafish is an attractive model system for studying metabolic diseases because of the functional conservation in lipid metabolism, adipose biology, pancreas structure, and glucose homeostasis. It is also suited for identification of novel targets associated with the risk and treatment of obesity and diabetes in humans. In this review, we highlight studies using zebrafish to model metabolic diseases, and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of studying pathologies associated with obesity and diabetes in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Zang
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Graduate School of Regional Innovation Studies, Mie University, Tsu, Japan
| | - Lisette A Maddison
- Center for Reproductive Biology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States
| | - Wenbiao Chen
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
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