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Li N, Liu T, Wang YY, Xu T, Shi HJ, Chang L, Zhu LJ. Hippocampal HDAC5-mediated histone acetylation underlies stress susceptibility in mice exposed to chronic social defeat stress. Neuroscience 2024; 557:89-99. [PMID: 39127342 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2024.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to social avoidance and anhedonia in susceptible individuals, a phenomenon that has been observed in both human and animal models. Nevertheless, the underlying molecular mechanisms underpinning stress susceptibility and resilience remain largely unclear. There is growing evidence that epigenetic histone deacetylase (HDAC) mediated histone acetylation is involved in the modulation of depressive-related behaviors. We hypothesized that histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5), which is associated with stress-related behaviors and antidepressant response, may play a vital role in the susceptibility to chronic stress. In the current study, we detected the levels of HDAC5 and acetylation of histone 4 (H4) in the hippocampus subsequent to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in C57BL/6J mice. We found that CSDS induces a notable increase in HDAC5 expression, concomitant with a reduction in the acetylation of histone H4 at lysine 12 (H4K12) in the hippocampus of susceptible mice. Meanwhile, intrahippocampal infusion of HDAC5 shRNA or HDAC inhibitor suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) both reversed the depression susceptibility in susceptible mice that subjected to CSDS. Furthermore, HDAC5 overexpression was sufficient to induce depression susceptibility following microdefeat stress, accompanied by a significant reduction in H4K12 level within the hippocampus of mice. Additionally, the Morris water maze (MWM) results indicated that neither CSDS nor HDAC5 exerted significant effects on spatial memory function in mice. Taken together, these investigations indicated that HDAC5-modulated histone acetylation is implicated in regulating the depression susceptibility, and may be serve as potential preventive targets for susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Ting Liu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Yu-Ye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Hu-Jiang Shi
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China
| | - Lei Chang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Li-Juan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, MOE, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, PR China.
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2
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Inserra A, Campanale A, Rezai T, Romualdi P, Rubino T. Epigenetic mechanisms of rapid-acting antidepressants. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:359. [PMID: 39231927 PMCID: PMC11375021 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-03055-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid-acting antidepressants (RAADs), including dissociative anesthetics, psychedelics, and empathogens, elicit rapid and sustained therapeutic improvements in psychiatric disorders by purportedly modulating neuroplasticity, neurotransmission, and immunity. These outcomes may be mediated by, or result in, an acute and/or sustained entrainment of epigenetic processes, which remodel chromatin structure and alter DNA accessibility to regulate gene expression. METHODS In this perspective, we present an overview of the known mechanisms, knowledge gaps, and future directions surrounding the epigenetic effects of RAADs, with a focus on the regulation of stress-responsive DNA and brain regions, and on the comparison with conventional antidepressants. MAIN BODY Preliminary correlative evidence indicates that administration of RAADs is accompanied by epigenetic effects which are similar to those elicited by conventional antidepressants. These include changes in DNA methylation, post-translational modifications of histones, and differential regulation of non-coding RNAs in stress-responsive chromatin areas involved in neurotrophism, neurotransmission, and immunomodulation, in stress-responsive brain regions. Whether these epigenetic changes causally contribute to the therapeutic effects of RAADs, are a consequence thereof, or are unrelated, remains unknown. Moreover, the potential cell type-specificity and mechanisms involved are yet to be fully elucidated. Candidate mechanisms include neuronal activity- and serotonin and Tropomyosine Receptor Kinase B (TRKB) signaling-mediated epigenetic changes, and direct interaction with DNA, histones, or chromatin remodeling complexes. CONCLUSION Correlative evidence suggests that epigenetic changes induced by RAADs accompany therapeutic and side effects, although causation, mechanisms, and cell type-specificity remain largely unknown. Addressing these research gaps may lead to the development of novel neuroepigenetics-based precision therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Inserra
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, Brazil., Tubarão, Brazil.
| | | | - Tamim Rezai
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patrizia Romualdi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Rubino
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences and Neuroscience Center, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
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3
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Behrens LMP, Gasparotto J, Rampelotto PH, Escalona MAR, da Silva LDS, Carazza-Kessler FG, Barbosa CP, Campos MS, Dorn M, Gelain DP, Moreira JCF. Sodium propionate oral supplementation ameliorates depressive-like behavior through gut microbiome and histone 3 epigenetic regulation. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 130:109660. [PMID: 38685283 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global health concern, affecting over 250 million individuals worldwide. In recent years, the gut-brain axis has emerged as a promising field for understanding the pathophysiology of MDD. Microbial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-acetate, butyrate, and propionate-, have gained attention for their potential to influence epigenetic modifications within the host brain. However, the precise mechanisms through which these metabolites participate in MDD pathophysiology remain elusive. This study was designed to investigate the effects of oral SCFA supplementation in adult male Wistar rats subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). A subset of control and CUMS-exposed rats received different supplementations: sodium acetate (NaOAc) at a concentration of 60 mM, sodium butyrate (NaB) at 40 mM, sodium propionate (NaP) at 50 mM, or a mixture of these SCFAs. The gut microbiome was assessed through 16S rRNA sequencing, and epigenetic profiling was performed using Western blot analysis. Results demonstrated that NaP supplementation significantly alleviated anhedonia in stressed animals, as evidenced by improved performance in the sucrose consumption test. This ameliorative effect was potentially associated with the modulation of gut bacterial communities, accompanied by the attenuation of the region-specific epigenetic dysregulation in the brain of the animals exposed to chronic stress. These findings suggest a potential association between gut dysbiosis and stress response, and NaP could be a promising target for future MDD interventions. However, further studies are needed to fully elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza Marques Prates Behrens
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil.
| | - Juciano Gasparotto
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-907, Brazil
| | - Manuel Adrian Riveros Escalona
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas Dos Santos da Silva
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Flávio Gabriel Carazza-Kessler
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences: Biochemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Camila Pocharski Barbosa
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marlene Soares Campos
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Márcio Dorn
- Department of Theoretical Informatics, Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil; Center of Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel Pens Gelain
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Fonseca Moreira
- Center of Oxidative Stress Studies, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Basic Health Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
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4
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Chen HS, Wang F, Chen JG. Epigenetic mechanisms in depression: Implications for pathogenesis and treatment. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2024; 85:102854. [PMID: 38401316 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2024.102854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
The risk of depression is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. It has been suggested that epigenetic mechanisms may mediate the risk of depression following exposure to adverse life events. Epigenetics encompasses stable alterations in gene expression that are controlled through transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, or post-translational processes, including DNA modifications, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, RNA modifications, and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) regulation, without any changes in the DNA sequence. In this review, we explore recent research advancements in the realm of epigenetics concerning depression. Furthermore, we evaluate the potential of epigenetic changes as diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan 430030, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jian-Guo Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; The Key Laboratory for Drug Target Researches and Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430030, China; The Research Center for Depression, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science, Wuhan 430030, China; The Key Laboratory of Neurological Diseases (HUST), Ministry of Education of China, Wuhan 430030, China.
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5
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Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Kelley TJ, Lewis SJ. Male histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) knockout mice have enhanced ventilatory responses to hypoxic challenge. Front Physiol 2024; 14:1332810. [PMID: 38384929 PMCID: PMC10880035 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1332810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class II histone deacetylase that is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of cells. HDAC6 associates with microtubules and regulates acetylation of tubulin and other proteins. The possibility that HDAC6 participates in hypoxic signaling is supported by evidence that 1) hypoxic gas challenges cause microtubule depolymerization, 2) expression of hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF-1α) is regulated by microtubule alterations in response to hypoxia, and 3) inhibition of HDAC6 prevents HIF-1α expression and protects tissue from hypoxic/ischemic insults. The aim of this study was to address whether the absence of HDAC6 alters ventilatory responses during and/or after hypoxic gas challenge (10% O2, 90% N2 for 15 min) in adult male wildtype (WT) C57BL/6 mice and HDAC6 knock-out (KO) mice. Key findings were that 1) baseline values for frequency of breathing, tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory times, and end expiratory pause were different between knock-out mice and wildtype mice, 2) ventilatory responses during hypoxic challenge were more robust in KO mice than WT mice for recorded parameters including, frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and inspiratory and expiratory drives, and 3) responses upon return to room-air were markedly different in KO compared to WT mice for frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, end expiratory pause (but not end inspiratory pause), peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and inspiratory and expiratory drives. These data suggest that HDAC6 may have a fundamentally important role in regulating the hypoxic ventilatory response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina M. Getsy
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Gregory A. Coffee
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Thomas J. Kelley
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Stephen J. Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, United States
- Functional Electrical Stimulation Center, CWRU, Cleveland, OH, United States
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6
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Nagayasu K. Integrative Research of Neuropharmacology and Informatics Pharmacology for Mental Disorder. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:556-561. [PMID: 38432911 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b23-00926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Mental illness poses a huge social burden, accounting for approximately 14% of all deaths. Depression, a major component of mental illness, affects approximately 300 million people worldwide, mainly in developed countries, and is not only a major social burden but also a cause of suicide. The social burden of depression is estimated to increase further in developing countries, and overcoming it is a pressing issue for all countries, including Japan. Although clinical evidence has demonstrated the efficacy of serotonergic neurotransmission enhancers in the treatment of depression, the full picture of their therapeutic effects has not yet been fully elucidated. In this review, we show that the hyperactivity of serotonin neurons, especially those in the dorsal raphe nucleus, is commonly induced by various antidepressants within a period corresponding to the onset of their clinical efficacy. We established quantitative prediction methods for pharmacological activity using only chemical structures to translate the biological understanding of mental disorders, including major depressive disorders, into clinically effective therapeutics. Our method exhibited better performance than the previously reported methods of quantitative prediction, while targeting a larger number of proteins. Our article suggests the importance of integrative neuropharmacology and informatics-based pharmacology studies to understand the biological basis of mental disorders and facilitate drug development for these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Nagayasu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University
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7
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Ashton AW, Dhanjal HK, Rossner B, Mahmood H, Patel VI, Nadim M, Lota M, Shahid F, Li Z, Joyce D, Pajkos M, Dosztányi Z, Jiao X, Pestell RG. Acetylation of nuclear receptors in health and disease: an update. FEBS J 2024; 291:217-236. [PMID: 36471658 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a common reversible post-translational modification of proteins that plays a key role in regulating gene expression. Nuclear receptors (NRs) include ligand-inducible transcription factors and orphan receptors for which the ligand is undetermined, which together regulate the expression of genes involved in development, metabolism, homeostasis, reproduction and human diseases including cancer. Since the original finding that the ERα, AR and HNF4 are acetylated, we now understand that the vast majority of NRs are acetylated and that this modification has profound effects on NR function. Acetylation sites are often conserved and involve both ordered and disordered regions of NRs. The acetylated residues function as part of an intramolecular signalling platform intersecting phosphorylation, methylation and other modifications. Acetylation of NR has been shown to impact recruitment into chromatin, co-repressor and coactivator complex formation, sensitivity and specificity of regulation by ligand and ligand antagonists, DNA binding, subcellular distribution and transcriptional activity. A growing body of evidence in mice indicates a vital role for NR acetylation in metabolism. Additionally, mutations of the NR acetylation site occur in human disease. This review focuses on the role of NR acetylation in coordinating signalling in normal physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony W Ashton
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Rossner
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Huma Mahmood
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Vivek I Patel
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Mohammad Nadim
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Manpreet Lota
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Farhan Shahid
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
| | - Zhiping Li
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - David Joyce
- Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Matyas Pajkos
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Dosztányi
- Department of Biochemistry, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xuanmao Jiao
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | - Richard G Pestell
- Xavier University School of Medicine at Aruba, Oranjestad, Aruba
- Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, Wynnewood, PA, USA
- The Wistar Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Azargoonjahromi A. The role of epigenetics in anxiety disorders. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:9625-9636. [PMID: 37804465 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08787-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Anxiety disorders (ADs) are extremely common psychiatric conditions that frequently co-occur with other physical and mental disorders. The pathophysiology of ADs is multifaceted and involves intricate connections among biological elements, environmental stimuli, and psychological mechanisms. Recent discoveries have highlighted the significance of epigenetics in bridging the gap between multiple risk factors that contribute to ADs and expanding our understanding of the pathomechanisms underlying ADs. Epigenetics is the study of how changes in the environment and behavior can have an impact on gene function. Indeed, researchers have found that epigenetic mechanisms can affect how genes are activated or inactivated, as well as whether they are expressed. Such mechanisms may also affect how ADs form and are protected. That is, the bulk of pharmacological trials evaluating epigenetic treatments for the treatment of ADs have used histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), yielding promising outcomes in both preclinical and clinical studies. This review will provide an outline of how epigenetic pathways can be used to treat ADs or lessen their risk. It will also present the findings from preclinical and clinical trials that are currently available on the use of epigenetic drugs to treat ADs.
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9
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Favoretto CA, Pagliusi M, Morais-Silva G. Involvement of brain cell phenotypes in stress-vulnerability and resilience. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1175514. [PMID: 37476833 PMCID: PMC10354562 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1175514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress-related disorders' prevalence is epidemically increasing in modern society, leading to a severe impact on individuals' well-being and a great economic burden on public resources. Based on this, it is critical to understand the mechanisms by which stress induces these disorders. The study of stress made great progress in the past decades, from deeper into the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to the understanding of the involvement of a single cell subtype on stress outcomes. In fact, many studies have used state-of-the-art tools such as chemogenetic, optogenetic, genetic manipulation, electrophysiology, pharmacology, and immunohistochemistry to investigate the role of specific cell subtypes in the stress response. In this review, we aim to gather studies addressing the involvement of specific brain cell subtypes in stress-related responses, exploring possible mechanisms associated with stress vulnerability versus resilience in preclinical models. We particularly focus on the involvement of the astrocytes, microglia, medium spiny neurons, parvalbumin neurons, pyramidal neurons, serotonergic neurons, and interneurons of different brain areas in stress-induced outcomes, resilience, and vulnerability to stress. We believe that this review can shed light on how diverse molecular mechanisms, involving specific receptors, neurotrophic factors, epigenetic enzymes, and miRNAs, among others, within these brain cell subtypes, are associated with the expression of a stress-susceptible or resilient phenotype, advancing the understanding/knowledge on the specific machinery implicate in those events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane Aparecida Favoretto
- Molecular and Behavioral Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marco Pagliusi
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gessynger Morais-Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drugs and Medicines, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Getsy PM, Coffee GA, Kelley TJ, Lewis SJ. Male histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) knockout mice have enhanced ventilatory responses to hypoxic challenge. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3005686. [PMID: 37398019 PMCID: PMC10312977 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3005686/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a class II histone deacetylase that is predominantly localized in the cytoplasm of cells. HDAC6 associates with microtubules, regulating acetylation of tubulin and other proteins. The possibility that HDAC6 participates in hypoxic signaling is supported by evidence that (1) hypoxic gas challenges cause microtubule depolymerization, (2) expression of hypoxia inducible factor alpha (HIF)-1α is regulated by microtubule alterations in response to hypoxia, and (3) inhibition of HDAC6 prevents HIF-1α expression and protects tissue from hypoxic/ischemic insults. The aim of this study was to address whether the absence of HDAC6 alters ventilatory responses during and/or after hypoxic gas challenges (10% O2, 90% N2 for 15 min) in adult male wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice and HDAC6 knockout (KO) mice. Key findings were that (1) baseline values for frequency of breathing, tidal volume, inspiratory and expiratory times and end expiratory pause were different between KO mice and WT mice, (2) ventilatory responses during hypoxic challenge were more robust in KO mice than WT mice for parameters including frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, inspiratory and expiratory drives, and (3) responses upon return to room-air were markedly different in KO mice than WT mice for frequency of breathing, minute ventilation, inspiratory and expiratory durations, end expiratory (but not end inspiratory) pauses, peak inspiratory and expiratory flows, and inspiratory or expiratory drives. These data suggest that HDAC6 may have a fundamentally important role in regulating the neural responses to hypoxia.
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Zhao J, He Y, Duan Y, Ma Y, Dong H, Zhang X, Fang R, Zhang Y, Yu M, Huang F. HDAC6 Deficiency Has Moderate Effects on Behaviors and Parkinson's Disease Pathology in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9975. [PMID: 37373121 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in the regulation of protein aggregation and neuroinflammation, but its role in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains controversial. In this study, Hdac6-/- mice were generated by CRISPR-Cas9 technology for exploring the effect of HDAC6 on the pathological progression of PD. We found that male Hdac6-/- mice exhibit hyperactivity and certain anxiety. In the acute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD mice, though motor injury was slightly alleviated by HDAC6 deficiency, dopamine (DA) depletion in the striatum, the decrease in the number of DA neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) and the reduction in DA neuronal terminals were not affected. In addition, activation of glial cells and the expression of α-synuclein, as well as the levels of apoptosis-related proteins in the nigrostriatal pathway, were not changed in MPTP-injected wild-type and Hdac6-/- mice. Therefore, HDAC6 deficiency leads to moderate alterations of behaviors and Parkinson's disease pathology in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhao
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yongtao He
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yufei Duan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ma
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongtian Dong
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Rong Fang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yunhe Zhang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Mei Yu
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Jing'an District Centre Hospital of Shanghai, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Dorsal raphe serotonergic neurons preferentially reactivate dorsal dentate gyrus cell ensembles associated with positive experience. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112149. [PMID: 36821440 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is among the most common mental illnesses. Serotonergic (5-HT) neurons are central to the pathophysiology and treatment of MDD. Repeatedly recalling positive episodes is effective for MDD. Stimulating 5-HT neurons of the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) or neuronal ensembles in the dorsal dentate gyrus (dDG) associated with positive memories reverses the stress-induced behavioral abnormalities. Despite this phenotypic similarity, their causal relationship is unclear. This study revealed that the DRN 5-HT neurons activate dDG neurons; surprisingly, this activation was specifically observed in positive memory ensembles rather than neutral or negative ensembles. Furthermore, we revealed that dopaminergic signaling induced by activation of DRN 5-HT neurons projecting to the ventral tegmental area mediates an increase in active coping behavior and positive dDG ensemble reactivation. Our study identifies a role of DRN 5-HT neurons as specific reactivators of positive memories and provides insights into how serotonin elicits antidepressive effects.
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13
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Vetrovoy O, Stratilov V, Lomert E, Tyulkova E. Prenatal Hypoxia-Induced Adverse Reaction to Mild Stress is Associated with Depressive-Like Changes in the Glucocorticoid System of Rats. Neurochem Res 2022; 48:1455-1467. [PMID: 36495386 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03837-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The effects of prenatal hypoxia on neurodevelopment are predominantly associated with impaired maternal glucocorticoid stimulation of the fetus, which is "imprinted" in altered sensitivity of glucocorticoid reception in brain structures of offspring and can affect brain plasticity during lifespan. This study aimed to investigate response of the brain glucocorticoid system to mild stress (MS) in adult rats that survived prenatal severe hypoxia (PSH) on embryonic days 14-16. In response to MS the control (but not PSH) rats demonstrate increased corticosterone levels, a decrease in exploratory activity and increased anxiety. In the raphe nuclei of adult PSH rats the expression of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) is increased without changes in serotonin levels in comparison with the control. MS induces a decrease in GR expression accompanied by up-regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (tph2) and down-regulation of monoamine oxidase A (maoa) transcription in the raphe nuclei of both control and PSH groups. PSH also causes significant deviations in GR expression and GR-dependent transcription in the hippocampus, the medial prefrontal cortex, but not in the amygdala of rats. However, in response to MS, PSH rats demonstrate mild changes in their activity, while in control animals the MS-induced activity of the glucocorticoid system in these brain structures is similar to intact PSH animals. Impaired activity of the glucocorticoid system in the extrahypothalamic brain structures of PSH rats is accompanied by increase in the hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) levels in comparison with the control regardless of MS. Synthesis of proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the blood are decreased in response to MS in the pituitary of control rats, which demonstrates a negative glucocorticoid feedback mechanism. Meanwhile, in the pituitary of PSH rats reduced POMC levels were found regardless of MS. Thus, prenatal hypoxia causes depression-like patterns in the brain glucocorticoid system with adverse reaction to mild stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Vetrovoy
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuronal Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Emb. 6, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya Emb. 7-9, 199034, Saint- Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Viktor Stratilov
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuronal Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Emb. 6, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lomert
- Group of Molecular Genetics of Tumor Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tihoretsky Pr. 4, 194064, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Tyulkova
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuronal Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Emb. 6, 199034, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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14
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Liu X, Wang S, Shi X, Lu M, Wang C, Li X, Zhang Y, Jia Q, Liu H. Do biological activities of selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors rely on the modification of cap group? J Mol Recognit 2022; 35:e2988. [PMID: 36054561 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, significant progress has been made in the development of selective histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) inhibitors, exerting great potential in the treatment of various malignant tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. Previously, selective inhibitory activities of HDAC inhibitors were generally considered sensitive to the interactions between the Cap group and the binding site of HDAC6, and a large number of selective HDAC6 inhibitors have been designed and synthesized based on the strategy. However, some inhibitors without Cap group could also exhibit excellent potency and selective inhibition towards HDAC6, and in this study, BRD9757 and compound 8, as capless selective HDAC6 inhibitors, were selected as molecular probes to explore the difference of their binding interactions in HDAC1&6. Through the analysis of binding-free energies and conformational rearrangements after 1 μs molecular dynamics simulation, it could be learned that although the residues in the binding site remained highly consistent, the binding mechanisms of BRD9757 and compound 8 in HDAC1&6 were different, which will provide valuable hints for the discovery of novel selective HDAC6 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Songsong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaoxing Shi
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chengzhao Wang
- Department of Hematology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xuedong Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qingzhong Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Haisheng Liu
- Department of Hematology, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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15
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Zhang D, Tian Y, Wang R, Wang L, Wang P, Su Y. Effectiveness of a resilience-targeted intervention based on "I have, I am, I can" strategy on nursing home older adults' suicidal ideation: A randomized controlled trial. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:172-180. [PMID: 35439461 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the potential for benefit, resilience remains an emergent area in late-life mental health care, and evidence of resilience intervention for suicide among nursing home residents is especially limited. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a resilience-targeted program based on the "I have, I am, and I can" strategy on suicidal ideation and related problems. METHODS From the 562 nursing home residents who were contacted, 68 with suicidal ideation were recruited and then randomly assigned to a resilience intervention group (eight-week resilience training; n = 34) or a wait-list control group (eight-week health education; n = 34). Self-reported suicidal ideation, and depression and anxiety symptoms as outcomes, and resilience as potential mediators were assessed at baseline, postintervention, and one-month follow-up. RESULTS Resilience training participants reported significant improvement in suicidal ideation (group × time interaction x2=12.564, p = 0.002) and depression symptoms (x2=9.441, p = 0.009) compared to wait-list control group participants. Changes in resilience mediated the intervention's effects on changes in suicidal ideation and depression symptoms. Limitations The observed effects must be considered preliminary due to the small sample size. CONCLUSIONS The findings support the benefits of resilience training based on the "I have, I am, and I can" strategy in reducing suicidal ideation and suicide-related symptoms in nursing home older adults, and provide insight into possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Yinong Tian
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lanzhong Wang
- School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Yonggang Su
- Department of Medical Psychology and Ethics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong, China; School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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16
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Hashimoto K, Ide S, Arata M, Nakata A, Ito A, Ito TK, Kudo N, Lin B, Nunomura K, Tsuganezawa K, Yoshida M, Nagaoka Y, Sumiyoshi T. Discovery of Benzylpiperazine Derivatives as CNS-Penetrant and Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:1077-1082. [DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Hashimoto
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ide
- Addictive Substance Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Mayumi Arata
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akiko Nakata
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ito
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 1432-1 Horinouchi, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japan
| | - Takashi K. Ito
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Norio Kudo
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Bangzhong Lin
- Center for Supporting Drug Discovery and Life Science Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kazuto Nunomura
- Center for Supporting Drug Discovery and Life Science Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Science, Osaka University, Yamadaoka 1-6, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiko Tsuganezawa
- Drug Discovery Structural Biology Platform Unit, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamic Research, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Minoru Yoshida
- Seed Compounds Exploratory Unit for Drug Discovery Platform, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Biotechnology, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuo Nagaoka
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
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17
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Calpe-López C, Martínez-Caballero MA, García-Pardo MP, Aguilar MA. Resilience to the effects of social stress on vulnerability to developing drug addiction. World J Psychiatry 2022; 12:24-58. [PMID: 35111578 PMCID: PMC8783163 DOI: 10.5498/wjp.v12.i1.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We review the still scarce but growing literature on resilience to the effects of social stress on the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse. We define the concept of resilience and how it is applied to the field of drug addiction research. We also describe the internal and external protective factors associated with resilience, such as individual behavioral traits and social support. We then explain the physiological response to stress and how it is modulated by resilience factors. In the subsequent section, we describe the animal models commonly used in the study of resilience to social stress, and we focus on the effects of chronic social defeat (SD), a kind of stress induced by repeated experience of defeat in an agonistic encounter, on different animal behaviors (depression- and anxiety-like behavior, cognitive impairment and addiction-like symptoms). We then summarize the current knowledge on the neurobiological substrates of resilience derived from studies of resilience to the effects of chronic SD stress on depression- and anxiety-related behaviors in rodents. Finally, we focus on the limited studies carried out to explore resilience to the effects of SD stress on the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse, describing the current state of knowledge and suggesting future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria P García-Pardo
- Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Teruel 44003, Spain
| | - Maria A Aguilar
- Department of Psychobiology, University of Valencia, Valencia 46010, Spain
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18
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Yoshino Y, Roy B, Dwivedi Y. Corticosterone-mediated regulation and functions of miR-218-5p in rat brain. Sci Rep 2022; 12:194. [PMID: 34996981 PMCID: PMC8742130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress is one of the key precipitating factors in major depressive disorder (MDD). Stress associated studies have underscored the mechanistic role of epigenetic master players like microRNAs (miRNAs) in depression pathophysiology at both preclinical and clinical levels. Previously, we had reported changes in miR-218-5p expression in response to corticosterone (CORT) induced chronic stress. MiR-218-5p was one of the most significantly induced miRNAs in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats under chronic stress. In the present report, we have investigated how chronic CORT exposure mechanistically affected miR-218-5p expression in the rat brain and how miR-218 could trigger molecular changes on its downstream regulatory pathways. Elevated expression of miR-218-5p was found in the PFC of CORT-treated rats. A glucocorticoid receptor (GR) targeted Chromatin-Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay revealed high GR occupancy on the promoter region of Slit3 gene hosting miR-218-2 in its 3rd intron. RNA-sequencing data based on RNA Induced silencing Complex Immunoprecipitation (RISC-IP) with AGO2 in SH-SY5Y cells detected six consistent target genes of miR-218-5p (APOL4, DTWD1, BNIP1, METTL22, SNAPC1, and HDAC6). The expression of all five genes, except APOL4, was successfully validated with qPCR in CORT-treated rat PFC. Further, Hdac6-based ChIP-seq experiment helped in mapping major genomic loci enriched for intergenic regions in the PFC of CORT-treated rat. A proximity-based gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed a majority of the intergenic sites to be part of key genes implicated in central nervous system functions, notably synapse organization, neuron projection morphogenesis, and axonogenesis. Our results suggest that the upregulation of miR-218-5p in PFC of CORT-treated rats possibly resulted from GR biding in the promoter region of Slit3 gene. Interestingly, Hdac6 was one of the consistent target genes potentially found to regulate CNS related genes by chromatin modification. Collectively, these findings establish the role of miR-218-5p in chronic stress and the epigenetic function it plays to induce chromatin-based transcriptional changes of several CNS genes in triggering stress-induced disorders, including depression. This also opens up the scope to understand the role of miR-218-5p as a potential target for noncoding RNA therapeutics in clinical depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Bhaskar Roy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Yogesh Dwivedi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- UAB Mood Disorder Program, Division of Behavioral Neurobiology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, UAB Depression and Suicide Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, SC711 Sparks Center, 1720 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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19
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Huang SH, Liu WZ, Qin X, Guo CY, Xiong QC, Wang Y, Hu P, Pan BX, Zhang WH. Association of Increased Amygdala Activity with Stress-Induced Anxiety but not Social Avoidance Behavior in Mice. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:16-28. [PMID: 34494228 PMCID: PMC8782949 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00762-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic stress leads to many psychiatric disorders, including social and anxiety disorders that are associated with over-activation of neurons in the basolateral amygdala (BLA). However, not all individuals develop psychiatric diseases, many showing considerable resilience against stress exposure. Whether BLA neuronal activity is involved in regulating an individual's vulnerability to stress remains elusive. In this study, using a mouse model of chronic social defeat stress (CSDS), we divided the mice into susceptible and resilient subgroups based on their social interaction behavior. Using in vivo fiber photometry and in vitro patch-clamp recording, we showed that CSDS persistently (after 20 days of recovery from stress) increased BLA neuronal activity in all the mice regardless of their susceptible or resilient nature, although impaired social interaction behavior was only observed in susceptible mice. Increased anxiety-like behavior, on the other hand, was evident in both groups. Notably, the CSDS-induced increase of BLA neuronal activity correlated well with the heightened anxiety-like but not the social avoidance behavior in mice. These findings provide new insight to our understanding of the role of neuronal activity in the amygdala in mediating stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-He Huang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Wei-Zhu Liu
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Xia Qin
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Chen-Yi Guo
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Qing-Cheng Xiong
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China
| | - Ping Hu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330001, China
| | - Bing-Xing Pan
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Wen-Hua Zhang
- Laboratory of Fear and Anxiety Disorders, Institutes of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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20
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Liu P, Xiao J, Wang Y, Song X, Huang L, Ren Z, Kitazato K, Wang Y. Posttranslational modification and beyond: interplay between histone deacetylase 6 and heat-shock protein 90. Mol Med 2021; 27:110. [PMID: 34530730 PMCID: PMC8444394 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00375-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttranslational modification (PTM) and regulation of protein stability are crucial to various biological processes. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a unique histone deacetylase with two functional catalytic domains (DD1 and DD2) and a ZnF-UBP domain (ubiquitin binding domain, BUZ), regulates a number of biological processes, including gene expression, cell motility, immune response, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to the deacetylation of histones, other nonhistone proteins have been identified as substrates for HDAC6. Hsp90, a molecular chaperone that is a critical modulator of cell signaling, is one of the lysine deacetylase substrates of HDAC6. Intriguingly, as one of the best-characterized regulators of Hsp90 acetylation, HDAC6 is the client protein of Hsp90. In addition to regulating Hsp90 at the post-translational modification level, HDAC6 also regulates Hsp90 at the gene transcription level. HDAC6 mainly regulates the Hsp90-HSF1 complex through the ZnF-UBP domain, thereby promoting the HSF1 entry into the nucleus and activating gene transcription. The mutual interaction between HDAC6 and Hsp90 plays an important role in the regulation of protein stability, cell migration, apoptosis and other functions. Plenty of of studies have indicated that blocking HDAC6/Hsp90 has a vital regulatory role in multifarious diseases, mainly in cancers. Therefore, developing inhibitors or drugs against HDAC6/Hsp90 becomes a promising development direction. Herein, we review the current knowledge on molecular regulatory mechanisms based on the interaction of HDAC6 and Hsp90 and inhibition of HDAC6 and/or Hsp90 in oncogenesis and progression, antiviral and immune-related diseases and other vital biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Xiao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiliang Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Song
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lianzhou Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.,College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Ren
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kaio Kitazato
- Department of Clinical Research Pharmacy, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Yifei Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Guangzhou Jinan Biomedicine Research and Development Center, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Lesiak AJ, Coffey K, Cohen JH, Liang KJ, Chavkin C, Neumaier JF. Sequencing the serotonergic neuron translatome reveals a new role for Fkbp5 in stress. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:4742-4753. [PMID: 32366949 PMCID: PMC7609479 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0750-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Serotonin is a key mediator of stress, anxiety, and depression, and novel therapeutic targets within serotonin neurons are needed to combat these disorders. To determine how stress alters the translational profile of serotonin neurons, we sequenced ribosome-associated RNA from these neurons after repeated stress in male and female mice. We identified numerous sex- and stress-regulated genes. In particular, Fkbp5 mRNA, which codes for the glucocorticoid receptor co-chaperone protein FKBP51, was consistently upregulated in male and female mice following stress. Pretreatment with a selective FKBP51 inhibitor into the dorsal raphe prior to repeated forced swim stress decreased resulting stress-induced anhedonia. Our results support previous findings linking FKBP51 to stress-related disorders and provide the first evidence suggesting that FKBP51 function may be an important regulatory node integrating circulating stress hormones and serotonergic regulation of stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atom J Lesiak
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Kevin Coffey
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Joshua H Cohen
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Katharine J Liang
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Charles Chavkin
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - John F Neumaier
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Neuroepigenetics, a new branch of epigenetics, plays an important role in the regulation of gene expression. Neuroepigenetics is associated with holistic neuronal function and helps in formation and maintenance of memory and learning processes. This includes neurodevelopment and neurodegenerative defects in which histone modification enzymes appear to play a crucial role. These modifications, carried out by acetyltransferases and deacetylases, regulate biologic and cellular processes such as apoptosis and autophagy, inflammatory response, mitochondrial dysfunction, cell-cycle progression and oxidative stress. Alterations in acetylation status of histone as well as non-histone substrates lead to transcriptional deregulation. Histone deacetylase decreases acetylation status and causes transcriptional repression of regulatory genes involved in neural plasticity, synaptogenesis, synaptic and neural plasticity, cognition and memory, and neural differentiation. Transcriptional deactivation in the brain results in development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Mounting evidence implicates histone deacetylase inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets to combat neurologic disorders. Recent studies have targeted naturally-occurring biomolecules and micro-RNAs to improve cognitive defects and memory. Multi-target drug ligands targeting HDAC have been developed and used in cell-culture and animal-models of neurologic disorders to ameliorate synaptic and cognitive dysfunction. Herein, we focus on the implications of histone deacetylase enzymes in neuropathology, their regulation of brain function and plausible involvement in the pathogenesis of neurologic defects.
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23
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Zhang D, Wang R, Zhao X, Zhang J, Jia J, Su Y, Wang K. Role of resilience and social support in the relationship between loneliness and suicidal ideation among Chinese nursing home residents. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:1262-1272. [PMID: 32602736 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2020.1786798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Loneliness is a risk factor of suicidal ideation, while resilience and social support are protective factors; however, the complex mechanisms behind these factors have not been examined among nursing home residents. This study evaluated the mediating effect of resilience on the association between loneliness and suicidal ideation and whether this mediating effect was moderated by social support. METHODS Residents (N = 538; Aged ≥60years; 321 female, 217 male) from 37 nursing homes in China completed this cross-sectional study. Their loneliness, resilience, social support, and suicidal ideation were measured. Regression analyses using bootstrapping methods were conducted to explore the mediating and moderating effects. RESULTS Some residents (14.9%, 80/538) reported current suicidal ideation. The correlation between loneliness and suicidal ideation was partially mediated by resilience (indirect effect = 0.067, 95% CI = 0.011-0.122). Overall social support moderated the resilience on suicidal ideation, indirectly impacting loneliness on suicidal ideation (moderating effect = 0.086 [95% CI = 0.005-0.167]). Support from family and nursing home staff moderated the direct (path c') and indirect path (path b) of the mediation model, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underscore the vital role of resilience and social support to buffer against suicidal ideation, which is common among nursing home residents in China.HighlightsWe evaluated suicidal ideation in mainland Chinese nursing home residentsLoneliness and suicidal ideation were partially mediated by resilienceSocial support moderated the effect of loneliness and resilience on suicidal ideationThe results were self-reported and are not generalizable to all of ChinaResilience and social support can buffer against suicidal ideation among residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Health Management, Heze Medical College, Heze, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- China Department of Sociology, State University of New York Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY, USA.,School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jihui Jia
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yonggang Su
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kefang Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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24
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Bertels Z, Singh H, Dripps I, Siegersma K, Tipton AF, Witkowski WD, Sheets Z, Shah P, Conway C, Mangutov E, Ao M, Petukhova V, Karumudi B, Petukhov PA, Baca SM, Rasenick MM, Pradhan AA. Neuronal complexity is attenuated in preclinical models of migraine and restored by HDAC6 inhibition. eLife 2021; 10:e63076. [PMID: 33856345 PMCID: PMC8147088 DOI: 10.7554/elife.63076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Migraine is the sixth most prevalent disease worldwide but the mechanisms that underlie migraine chronicity are poorly understood. Cytoskeletal flexibility is fundamental to neuronal-plasticity and is dependent on dynamic microtubules. Histone-deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) decreases microtubule dynamics by deacetylating its primary substrate, α-tubulin. We use validated mouse models of migraine to show that HDAC6-inhibition is a promising migraine treatment and reveal an undiscovered cytoarchitectural basis for migraine chronicity. The human migraine trigger, nitroglycerin, produced chronic migraine-associated pain and decreased neurite growth in headache-processing regions, which were reversed by HDAC6 inhibition. Cortical spreading depression (CSD), a physiological correlate of migraine aura, also decreased cortical neurite growth, while HDAC6-inhibitor restored neuronal complexity and decreased CSD. Importantly, a calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonist also restored blunted neuronal complexity induced by nitroglycerin. Our results demonstrate that disruptions in neuronal cytoarchitecture are a feature of chronic migraine, and effective migraine therapies might include agents that restore microtubule/neuronal plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachariah Bertels
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Harinder Singh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Isaac Dripps
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Kendra Siegersma
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Alycia F Tipton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Wiktor D Witkowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Zoie Sheets
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Pal Shah
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Catherine Conway
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Elizaveta Mangutov
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Mei Ao
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Valentina Petukhova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Bhargava Karumudi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Pavel A Petukhov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | - Serapio M Baca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraUnited States
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Jesse Brown VAMCChicagoUnited States
| | - Amynah A Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicagoUnited States
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25
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Lanshakov DA, Sukhareva EV, Bulygina VV, Bannova AV, Shaburova EV, Kalinina TS. Single neonatal dexamethasone administration has long-lasting outcome on depressive-like behaviour, Bdnf, Nt-3, p75ngfr and sorting receptors (SorCS1-3) stress reactive expression. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8092. [PMID: 33854153 PMCID: PMC8046778 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated glucocorticoid level in the early postnatal period is associated with glucocorticoid therapy prescribed at preterm delivery most often has severe long-lasting neurodevelopmental and behavioural effects. Detailed molecular mechanisms of such programming action of antenatal glucocorticoids on behaviour are still poorly understood. To address this question we studied neurotrophins: Bdnf, Nt-3, Ngf and their receptors: p75ngfr, Sorcs3 expression changes after subcutaneous dexamethasone (DEX) 0.2 mg/kg injection to P2 rat pups. Neurotrophins expression level was studied in the hippocampus (HPC). Disturbances in these brain regions have been implicated in the emergence of multiple psychopathologies. p75ngfr and Sorcs3 expression was studied in the brainstem—region where monoamine neurons are located. Immunohistochemically P75NTR protein level changes after DEX were investigated in the brainstem Locus Coereleus norepinephrine neurons (NE). In the first hours after DEX administration elevation of neurotrophins expression in HPC and decline of receptor’s expression in the NE brainstem neurons were observed. Another critical time point during maturation is adolescence. Impact of elevated glucocorticoid level in the neonatal period and unpredictable stress (CMUS) at the end of adolescence on depressive-like behaviour was studied. Single neonatal DEX injection leads to decrease in depressive-like behaviour, observed in FST, independently from chronic stress. Neonatal DEX administration decreased Ntf3 and SorCS1 expression in the brainstem. Also Bdnf mRNA level in the brainstem of these animals didn’t decrease after FST. CMUS at the end of adolescence changed p75ngfr and SorCS3 expression in the brainstem in the animals that received single neonatal DEX administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Lanshakov
- Laboratory of Postgenomics Neurobiology, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.
| | - E V Sukhareva
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - V V Bulygina
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - A V Bannova
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - E V Shaburova
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
| | - T S Kalinina
- Functional Neurogenomics Laboratory, Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090.,Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, 630090
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26
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K V A, Wahul AB, Soren K, Das T, Dey S, Samudrala PK, Kumar A, Lahkar M, Chakravarty S. Differential modulation of GR signaling and HDACs in the development of resilient/vulnerable phenotype and antidepressant-like response of vorinostat. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 124:105083. [PMID: 33310695 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.105083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study explored the antidepressant potential of vorinostat (VOR) against chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) in mice. Since this model has the remarkable capacity to delineate the resilient and the defeated mice, we also looked for their molecular deviations. Defeated mice showed classical phenotypic alterations such as anhedonia, social avoidance, anxiety and despair. Whereas, resilient mice were immune to the development of those. Both defeated and resilient mice demonstrated marked CORT elevation in blood. Development of resilience vs. defeat to CSDS was found to be associated with the differential nuclear levels of GR, HDAC3 and HDAC6 in the hippocampus. Activation of a stress responsive adaptive mechanism involving these mediators at the nuclear level might be offering resilience while maladaptive mechanisms leading to defeat. Interestingly, an elevated hippocampal HDAC6 level in defeated mice was also observed, which was restored by VOR treatment. Further studies will be necessary to delineate the HDAC6 associated antidepressant mechanisms. As HDAC3 and HDAC6 are crucial mediators of GR signaling, further molecular studies may aid in understanding the basis of development of resilience to target MDD with new prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athira K V
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781125, Assam, India; Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Abhipradnya Bipin Wahul
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Kalyani Soren
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Tapatee Das
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sandeep Dey
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Guwahati 781125, Assam, India
| | - Arvind Kumar
- CSIR- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Pharmacology, Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Sumana Chakravarty
- Applied Biology Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India.
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27
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Gellner AK, Voelter J, Schmidt U, Beins EC, Stein V, Philipsen A, Hurlemann R. Molecular and neurocircuitry mechanisms of social avoidance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 78:1163-1189. [PMID: 32997200 PMCID: PMC7904739 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03649-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Humans and animals live in social relationships shaped by actions of approach and avoidance. Both are crucial for normal physical and mental development, survival, and well-being. Active withdrawal from social interaction is often induced by the perception of threat or unpleasant social experience and relies on adaptive mechanisms within neuronal networks associated with social behavior. In case of confrontation with overly strong or persistent stressors and/or dispositions of the affected individual, maladaptive processes in the neuronal circuitries and its associated transmitters and modulators lead to pathological social avoidance. This review focuses on active, fear-driven social avoidance, affected circuits within the mesocorticolimbic system and associated regions and a selection of molecular modulators that promise translational potential. A comprehensive review of human research in this field is followed by a reflection on animal studies that offer a broader and often more detailed range of analytical methodologies. Finally, we take a critical look at challenges that could be addressed in future translational research on fear-driven social avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Kathrin Gellner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jella Voelter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 7, 26160, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry Und Psychotherapy, University of Göttingen, Von-Siebold-Str. 5, 37075, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva Carolina Beins
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Valentin Stein
- Institute of Physiology II, University Hospital Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexandra Philipsen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - René Hurlemann
- Division of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital, Venusberg-Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Hermann-Ehlers-Str. 7, 26160, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany. .,Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, 26129, Oldenburg, Germany.
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28
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Wang N, Wang H, Chen J, Wang F, Wang S, Zhou Q, Ying J, Huang S, Wang P, Yuan F. ACY‑1215, a HDAC6 inhibitor, decreases the dexamethasone‑induced suppression of osteogenesis in MC3T3‑E1 cells. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2451-2459. [PMID: 32705192 PMCID: PMC7411391 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis is the commonest form of drug-induced osteoporosis. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is involved in the differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells to osteoblasts. However, the role of ricolinostat (ACY-1215, HDAC6 inhibitor) in the dexamethasone (Dex)-induced proliferation and differentiation of preosteoblasts remains to be elucidated. The protein expression and mRNA expression levels of HDAC6, osteopontin (OPN), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osterix (Osx), collagen I (COL1A1) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) in MC3T3-E1 cells were analyzed by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. The cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay. The alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and capacity of mineralization was determined by ALP assay kit and alizarin red staining. HDAC6 expression was increased in patient serum and Dex-induced MC3T3-E1 cells at a certain concentration range; 1 µM Dex was selected for further experimentation. Cell viability was decreased after Dex induction and restored following ACY-1215 treatment. The ALP activity and capability for mineralization was decreased when MC3T3-E1 cells were induced by 1 µM Dex and was gradually improved by the treatment of ACY-1215 at 1, 5 and 10 mM. The expression of OPN, Runx2, Osx and COL1A1 was similar, with the changes of capability for mineralization. Furthermore, GR expression was increased in Dex-induced MC3T3-E1 cells. ACY-1215 promoted the GR expression in MC3T3-E1 cells from 1–5 mM while GR receptor expression was increased with 10 mM ACY-1215 treatment. In conclusion, ACY-1215 reversed the Dex-induced suppression of proliferation and differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Radiology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Fubin Wang
- Department of Inspection, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Shuaiyi Wang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jiaxing (The Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University), Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314001, P.R. China
| | - Jichong Ying
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Shanzhao Huang
- Department of Osteopeniology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Pu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Yuan
- Department of Rheumatology, Ningbo Number 6 Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, P.R. China
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29
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Backe SJ, Sager RA, Woodford MR, Makedon AM, Mollapour M. Post-translational modifications of Hsp90 and translating the chaperone code. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11099-11117. [PMID: 32527727 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev120.011833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells have a remarkable ability to synthesize large amounts of protein in a very short period of time. Under these conditions, many hydrophobic surfaces on proteins may be transiently exposed, and the likelihood of deleterious interactions is quite high. To counter this threat to cell viability, molecular chaperones have evolved to help nascent polypeptides fold correctly and multimeric protein complexes assemble productively, while minimizing the danger of protein aggregation. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an evolutionarily conserved molecular chaperone that is involved in the stability and activation of at least 300 proteins, also known as clients, under normal cellular conditions. The Hsp90 clients participate in the full breadth of cellular processes, including cell growth and cell cycle control, signal transduction, DNA repair, transcription, and many others. Hsp90 chaperone function is coupled to its ability to bind and hydrolyze ATP, which is tightly regulated both by co-chaperone proteins and post-translational modifications (PTMs). Many reported PTMs of Hsp90 alter chaperone function and consequently affect myriad cellular processes. Here, we review the contributions of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, SUMOylation, methylation, O-GlcNAcylation, ubiquitination, and others, toward regulation of Hsp90 function. We also discuss how the Hsp90 modification state affects cellular sensitivity to Hsp90-targeted therapeutics that specifically bind and inhibit its chaperone activity. The ultimate challenge is to decipher the comprehensive and combinatorial array of PTMs that modulate Hsp90 chaperone function, a phenomenon termed the "chaperone code."
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Backe
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Rebecca A Sager
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mark R Woodford
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alan M Makedon
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Mehdi Mollapour
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA.,Upstate Cancer Center, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
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30
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Singh H, Chmura J, Bhaumik R, Pandey GN, Rasenick MM. Membrane-Associated α-Tubulin Is Less Acetylated in Postmortem Prefrontal Cortex from Depressed Subjects Relative to Controls: Cytoskeletal Dynamics, HDAC6, and Depression. J Neurosci 2020; 40:4033-4041. [PMID: 32284336 PMCID: PMC7219287 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3033-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins and post-translational modifications play a role in mood disorders. Post-translational modifications of tubulin also alter microtubule dynamics. Furthermore, tubulin interacts closely with Gαs, the G-protein responsible for activation of adenylyl cyclase. Postmortem tissue derived from depressed suicide brain showed increased Gαs in lipid-raft domains compared with normal subjects. Gαs, when ensconced in lipid rafts, couples less effectively with adenylyl cyclase to produce cAMP, and this is reversed by antidepressant treatment. A recent in vitro study demonstrated that tubulin anchors Gαs to lipid rafts and that increased tubulin acetylation (due to HDAC6 inhibition) and antidepressant treatment decreased the proportion of Gαs complexed with tubulin. This suggested that deacetylated-tubulin might be more prevalent in depression. This study examined tubulin acetylation in whole-tissue homogenate, plasma membrane, and lipid-raft membrane domains in tissue from normal control subjects, depressed suicides, and depressed nonsuicides (human males/females). While tissue homogenate showed no changes in tubulin acetylation between control, depressed suicides, and depressed nonsuicides, plasma membrane-associated tubulin showed significant decreases in acetylation from depressed suicides and depressed nonsuicides compared with controls. No change was seen in expression of the enzymes responsible for tubulin acetylation or deacetylation. These data suggest that, during depression, membrane-localized tubulin maintains a lower acetylation state, permitting increased sequestration of Gαs in lipid-raft domains, where it is less likely to couple to adenylyl cyclase for cAMP production. Thus, membrane tubulin may play a role in mood disorders, which could be exploited for diagnosis and treatment.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT There is little understanding about the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of depression and, in severe cases, suicide. Evidence for the role of microtubule modifications in progression of depressive disorders is emerging. These postmortem data provide strong evidence for membrane tubulin modification leading to reduced efficacy of the G protein, Gαs, in depression. This study reveals a direct link between decreased tubulin acetylation in human depression and the increased localization of Gαs in lipid-raft domains responsible for attenuated cAMP signaling. The evidence presented here suggest a novel diagnostic and therapeutic locus for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Runa Bhaumik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Ghanshyam N Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
| | - Mark M Rasenick
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60612
- Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, Illinois 60612
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31
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Celen S, Rokka J, Gilbert TM, Koole M, Vermeulen I, Serdons K, Schroeder FA, Wagner FF, Bleeser T, Hightower BG, Hu J, Rahal D, Beyzavi H, Vanduffel W, Van Laere K, Kranz JE, Hooker JM, Bormans G, Cawthorne CJ. Translation of HDAC6 PET Imaging Using [ 18F]EKZ-001-cGMP Production and Measurement of HDAC6 Target Occupancy in Nonhuman Primates. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:1093-1101. [PMID: 32159328 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) is a multifunctional cytoplasmic enzyme involved in diverse cellular processes such as intracellular transport and protein quality control. Inhibition of HDAC6 can alleviate defects in cell and rodent models of certain diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. However, while HDAC6 represents a potentially powerful therapeutic target, development of effective brain-penetrant HDAC6 inhibitors remains challenging. Recently, [18F]EKZ-001 ([18F]Bavarostat), a brain-penetrant positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand with high affinity and selectivity toward HDAC6, was developed and evaluated preclinically for its ability to bind HDAC6. Herein, we describe the efficient and robust fully automated current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) compliant production method. [18F]EKZ-001 quantification methods were validated in nonhuman primates (NHP) using full kinetic modeling, and [18F]EKZ-001 PET was applied to compare dose-occupancy relationships between two HDAC6 inhibitors, EKZ-317 and ACY-775. [18F]EKZ-001 is cGMP produced with an average decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 14% and an average molar activity of 204 GBq/μmol. We demonstrate that a two-tissue compartmental model and Logan graphical analysis are appropriate for [18F]EKZ-001 PET quantification in NHP brain. Blocking studies show that the novel compound EKZ-317 achieves higher target occupancy than ACY-775. This work supports the translation of [18F]EKZ-001 PET for first-in-human studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie Celen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johanna Rokka
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Tonya M. Gilbert
- Eikonizo Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michel Koole
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Isabeau Vermeulen
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kim Serdons
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Florence F. Wagner
- Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tom Bleeser
- Anesthesiology and Algology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Baileigh G. Hightower
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Jiyun Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Dania Rahal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Hudson Beyzavi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Wim Vanduffel
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
- Laboratory for Neuro- and Psychophysiology, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Koen Van Laere
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Janice E. Kranz
- Eikonizo Therapeutics, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jacob M. Hooker
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
| | - Guy Bormans
- Laboratory for Radiopharmaceutical Research, KU Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christopher J. Cawthorne
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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Abstract
Neurons that synthesize and release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) express a core set of genes that establish and maintain this neurotransmitter phenotype and distinguish these neurons from other brain cells. Beyond a shared 5-HTergic phenotype, these neurons display divergent cellular properties in relation to anatomy, morphology, hodology, electrophysiology and gene expression, including differential expression of molecules supporting co-transmission of additional neurotransmitters. This diversity suggests that functionally heterogeneous subtypes of 5-HT neurons exist, but linking subsets of these neurons to particular functions has been technically challenging. We discuss recent data from molecular genetic, genomic and functional methods that, when coupled with classical findings, yield a reframing of the 5-HT neuronal system as a conglomeration of diverse subsystems with potential to inspire novel, more targeted therapies for clinically distinct 5-HT-related disorders.
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Peedicayil J. The Potential Role of Epigenetic Drugs in the Treatment of Anxiety Disorders. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:597-606. [PMID: 32184601 PMCID: PMC7060022 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s242040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that abnormalities in epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression contribute to the pathogenesis of anxiety disorders (ADs). This article discusses the role of epigenetic mechanisms of gene expression in the pathogenesis of ADs. It also discusses the data so far obtained from preclinical and clinical trials on the use of epigenetic drugs for treating ADs. Most drug trials investigating the use of epigenetic drugs for treating ADs have used histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi). HDACi are showing favorable results in both preclinical and clinical drug trials for treating ADs. However, at present the mode of action of HDACi in ADs is not clear. More work needs to be done to elucidate how epigenetic dysregulation contributes to the pathogenesis of ADs. More work also needs to be done on the mode of action of HDACi in alleviating the signs and symptoms of ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Peedicayil
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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34
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Acetylation of Hsp90 reverses dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of insulin secretion. Toxicol Lett 2020; 320:19-27. [PMID: 31778773 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of glucocorticoids on glucose homeostasis limit their clinical use. There is substantial evidence demonstrating that islet function impaired by long-term glucocorticoids exposure is a core defect in the progression of impaired glucose tolerance to diabetes. The activity of heat-shock protein (Hsp) 90 is required to maintain the hormone-binding activity and stability of glucocorticoid receptor (GR). In the present study, Hsp90 inhibition by 17-DMAG counteracted dexamethasone-mediated inhibition of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated rat islets as well as expressions of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and somatostatin receptor 3 (SSTR3), two negative regulators of insulin secretion. Like 17-DMAG, both the pan-histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor TSA and HDAC6 inhibitor Tubacin exhibited a similar action in protecting islet function against dexamethasone-induced injury, along with the downregulation of NPY and SSTR3 expressions. The hyperacetylation of Hsp90 by TSA and Tubacin disrupted its binding ability to GR and blocked dexamethasone-elicited nuclear translocation of GR in INS-1 β-cell lines. In addition, Tubacin treatment triggered the GR protein degradation through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. These findings suggest that Hsp90 acetylation by inhibiting HDAC6 activity may be a potential strategy to prevent the development of steroid diabetes mellitus via alleviating glucocorticoid-impaired islet function.
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35
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Baumbach JL, Zovkic IB. Hormone-epigenome interactions in behavioural regulation. Horm Behav 2020; 118:104680. [PMID: 31927018 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between hormones and epigenetic factors are key regulators of behaviour, but the mechanisms that underlie their effects are complex. Epigenetic factors can modify sensitivity to hormones by altering hormone receptor expression, and hormones can regulate epigenetic factors by recruiting epigenetic regulators to DNA. The bidirectional nature of this relationship is becoming increasingly evident and suggests that the ability of hormones to regulate certain forms of behaviour may depend on their ability to induce changes in the epigenome. Moreover, sex differences have been reported for several epigenetic modifications, and epigenetic factors are thought to regulate sexual differentiation of behaviour, although specific mechanisms remain to be understood. Indeed, hormone-epigenome interactions are highly complex and involve both canonical and non-canonical regulatory pathways that may permit for highly specific gene regulation to promote variable forms of behavioural adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennet L Baumbach
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Iva B Zovkic
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada.
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36
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Bartlett AA, Lapp HE, Hunter RG. Epigenetic Mechanisms of the Glucocorticoid Receptor. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:807-818. [PMID: 31699238 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been shown to be important for mediating cellular responses to stress and circulating glucocorticoids. Ligand-dependent transcriptional changes induced by GR are observed across numerous tissues. However, the mechanisms by which GR achieves cell and tissue-specific effects are less clear. Epigenetic mechanisms have been proposed to explain some of these differences as well as some of the lasting, even transgenerational, effects of stress and glucocorticoid action. GR functions in tandem with epigenetic cellular machinery to coordinate transcription and shape chromatin structure. Here, we describe GR interactions with these effectors and how GR acts to reshape the epigenetic landscape in response to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew A Bartlett
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Hannah E Lapp
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA
| | - Richard G Hunter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 02125, USA.
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Mallei A, Ieraci A, Popoli M. Chronic social defeat stress differentially regulates the expression of BDNF transcripts and epigenetic modifying enzymes in susceptible and resilient mice. World J Biol Psychiatry 2019; 20:555-566. [PMID: 30058429 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2018.1500029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Although stress is considered a primary risk factor for neuropsychiatric disorders, a majority of individuals are resilient to the effects of stress exposure and successfully adapt to adverse life events, while others, the so-called susceptible individuals, may have problems to properly adapt to environmental changes. However, the mechanisms underlying these different responses to stress exposure are poorly understood.Methods: Adult male C57BL/6J mice were exposed to chronic social defeat stress protocol and levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) transcripts and epigenetic modifying enzymes were analysed by real-time PCR in the hippocampus (HPC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of susceptible and resilient mice.Results: We found a selective reduction of BDNF-6 transcript in the HPC and an increase of BDNF-4 transcript in the PFC of susceptible mice. Moreover, susceptible mice showed a selective reduction of the g9a mRNA levels in the HPC, while HDAC-5 and DNMT3a mRNA levels were specifically reduced in the PFC.Conclusions: Overall, our results, showing a different expression of BDNF transcripts and epigenetic modifying enzymes in susceptible and resilient mice, suggest that stress resilience is not simply a lack of activation of stress-related pathways, but is related to the activation of additional different specific mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Mallei
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics - Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics - Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Popoli
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics - Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari and Center of Excellence on Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
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Ding Y, Kang A, Tang Q, Zhao Y. Inhibition of HDAC6 expression decreases brain injury induced by APOE4 and Aβ co‑aggregation in rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:3363-3370. [PMID: 31432127 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to explore the effects of histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) on brain injury in rats induced by apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) and amyloid β protein alloform 1‑40 (Aβ1‑40) copolymerization. The rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control group, sham group, APOE4 + Aβ1‑40 co‑injection group (model group) and HDAC6 inhibitor group (HDAC6 group). The brain injury model was established by co‑injection of APOE4 + Aβ1‑40. Morris water maze experiment was used to observe the spatial memory and learning the ability of rats. Histological changes of the hippocampus were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. The mRNA expression levels of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and HDAC6 were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the protein expression of HDAC6. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of HDAC6, microtubule‑associated protein tau and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β). APOE4 and Aβ1‑40 co‑aggregation decreased the short‑term spatial memory and learning ability of rats, whereas inhibition of HDAC6 activity attenuated the injury. Inhibition of HDAC6 activity resulted in an attenuation of the APOE4 and Aβ1‑40 co‑aggregation‑induced increase in the number of dysplastic hippocampal cells. Further experiments demonstrated that APOE4 and Aβ1‑40 co‑aggregation decreased the expression levels of ChAT mRNA, and the phosphorylation levels of tau GSK3β protein in the hippocampus, whereas inhibition of HDAC6 activity resulted in increased expression of ChAT mRNA, tau protein and GSK3β phosphorylation. The inhibition of HDAC6 activity was also demonstrated to reduce brain injury induced by APOE4 and Aβ1‑40 co‑aggregation in model rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Airong Kang
- Department of Respiration, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Qiling Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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Bohne P, Schwarz MK, Herlitze S, Mark MD. A New Projection From the Deep Cerebellar Nuclei to the Hippocampus via the Ventrolateral and Laterodorsal Thalamus in Mice. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:51. [PMID: 31447652 PMCID: PMC6695568 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The cerebellar involvement in cognitive functions such as attention, language, working memory, emotion, goal-directed behavior and spatial navigation is constantly growing. However, an exact connectivity map between the hippocampus and cerebellum in mice is still unknown. Here, we conducted a tracing study to identify the sequence of transsynaptic, cerebellar-hippocampal connections in the mouse brain using combinations of Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) and pseudotyped deletion-mutant rabies (RABV) viruses. Stereotaxic injection of a primarily anterograde rAAV-WGA (wheat germ agglutinin)-Cre tracer virus in the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) of a Cre-dependent tdTomato reporter mouse resulted in strong tdTomato labeling in hippocampal CA1 neurons, retrosplenial cortex (RSC), rhinal cortex (RC) as well as thalamic and cerebellar areas. Whereas hippocampal injections with the retrograde tracer virus rAAV-TTC (tetanus toxin C fragment)-eGFP, displayed eGFP positive cells in the rhinal cortex and subiculum. To determine the sequence of mono-transsynaptic connections between the cerebellum and hippocampus, we used the retrograde tracer RABVΔG-eGFP(EnvA). The tracing revealed a direct connection from the dentate gyrus (DG) in the hippocampus to the RSC, RC and subiculum (S), which are monosynaptically connected to thalamic laterodorsal and ventrolateral areas. These thalamic nuclei are directly connected to cerebellar fastigial (FN), interposed (IntP) and lateral (Lat) nuclei, discovering a new projection route from the fastigial to the laterodorsal thalamic nucleus in the mouse brain. Collectively, our findings suggest a new cerebellar-hippocampal connection via the laterodorsal and ventrolateral thalamus to RSC, RC and S. These results strengthen the notion of the cerebellum's involvement in cognitive functions such as spatial navigation via a polysynaptic circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Bohne
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin K Schwarz
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research (EECR), University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Herlitze
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melanie D Mark
- Department of General Zoology and Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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40
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Silva JM, Rodrigues S, Sampaio-Marques B, Gomes P, Neves-Carvalho A, Dioli C, Soares-Cunha C, Mazuik BF, Takashima A, Ludovico P, Wolozin B, Sousa N, Sotiropoulos I. Dysregulation of autophagy and stress granule-related proteins in stress-driven Tau pathology. Cell Death Differ 2019; 26:1411-1427. [PMID: 30442948 PMCID: PMC6748085 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-018-0217-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalance of neuronal proteostasis associated with misfolding and aggregation of Tau protein is a common neurodegenerative feature in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other Tauopathies. Consistent with suggestions that lifetime stress may be an important AD precipitating factor, we previously reported that environmental stress and high glucocorticoid (GC) levels induce accumulation of aggregated Tau; however, the molecular mechanisms for such process remain unclear. Herein, we monitor a novel interplay between RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and autophagic machinery in the underlying mechanisms through which chronic stress and high GC levels impact on Tau proteostasis precipitating Tau aggregation. Using molecular, pharmacological and behavioral analysis, we demonstrate that chronic stress and high GC trigger mTOR-dependent inhibition of autophagy, leading to accumulation of Tau aggregates and cell death in P301L-Tau expressing mice and cells. In parallel, we found that environmental stress and GC disturb cellular homeostasis and trigger the insoluble accumulation of different RBPs, such as PABP, G3BP1, TIA-1, and FUS, shown to form stress granules (SGs) and Tau aggregation. Interestingly, an mTOR-driven pharmacological stimulation of autophagy attenuates the GC-driven accumulation of Tau and SG-related proteins as well as the related cell death, suggesting a critical interface between autophagy and the response of the SG-related protein in the neurodegenerative potential of chronic stress and GC. These studies provide novel insights into the RNA-protein intracellular signaling regulating the precipitating role of environmental stress and GC on Tau-driven brain pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Margarida Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sara Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Belém Sampaio-Marques
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Gomes
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Andreia Neves-Carvalho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Chrysoula Dioli
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Carina Soares-Cunha
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Brandon F Mazuik
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
| | - Akihiko Takashima
- Department of Life Science, Faculty of Science, Gakushuin University, 171-8588, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Paula Ludovico
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Benjamin Wolozin
- Department of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Boston University, MA, 02118, Boston, USA
| | - Nuno Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Ioannis Sotiropoulos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), Medical School, University of Minho, Campus Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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41
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Prouty EW, Chandler DJ, Gao WJ, Waterhouse BD. Selective vulnerability of dorsal raphe-medial prefrontal cortex projection neurons to corticosterone-induced hypofunction. Eur J Neurosci 2019; 50:1712-1726. [PMID: 30687960 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid hormones and serotonin (5-HT) are strongly associated with the development and treatment of depression, respectively. Glucocorticoids regulate the function of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DR), which are the major source of 5-HT to the forebrain. DR 5-HT neurons are electrophysiologically heterogeneous, though whether this phenotypic variation aligns with specific brain functions or neuropsychiatric disease states is largely unknown. The goal of this work was to determine if chronic exogenous glucocorticoid administration differentially affects the electrophysiological profile of DR neurons implicated in the regulation of emotion versus visual sensation by comparing properties of cells projecting to medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) versus lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Following retrograde tracer injection into mPFC or LGN, male Sprague-Dawley rats received daily injections of corticosterone (CORT) for 21 days, after which whole-cell patch clamp recordings were made from retrogradely labeled DR neurons. CORT-treatment significantly increased the action potential half-width of LGN-projecting DR neurons, but did not significantly affect the firing frequency or excitatory postsynaptic currents of these cells. CORT-treatment significantly reduced the input resistance, evoked firing frequency, and spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic current frequency of mPFC-projecting DR neurons, indicating a concurrent reduction of both intrinsic excitability and excitatory drive. Our results suggest that the serotonergic regulation of cognitive and emotional networks in the mPFC may be more sensitive to the effects of glucocorticoid excess than visual sensory circuits in the LGN and that reduced 5-HT transmission in the mPFC may underlie the association between glucocorticoid excess and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Prouty
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel J Chandler
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey
| | - Wen-Jun Gao
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Barry D Waterhouse
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, New Jersey
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42
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Zhang Y, Ying JB, Hong JJ, Li FC, Fu TT, Yang FY, Zheng GX, Yao XJ, Lou Y, Qiu Y, Xue WW, Zhu F. How Does Chirality Determine the Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylase 6? A Lesson from Trichostatin A Enantiomers Based on Molecular Dynamics. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:2467-2480. [PMID: 30784262 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) plays a key role in a variety of neurological disorders, which makes it attractive drug target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and memory/learning impairment. The selectivity of HDAC6 inhibitors (sHDAC6Is) are widely considered to be susceptible to the sizes of their Cap group and the physicochemical properties of their linker or zinc-binding group, which makes the discovery of new sHDAC6Is extremely difficult. With the discovery of the distinct selectivity between Trichostatin A (TSA) enantiomers, the chirality residing in the connective units between TSA's Cap and linker shows a great impact on its selectivity. However, the mechanism underlining ( S)-TSA's selectivity is still elusive, and the way chirality switches the selective ( S)-TSA to nonselective ( R)-TSA is unknown. In this study, multiple computational approaches were collectively applied to explore, validate, and differentiate the binding modes of two TSA enantiomers in HDACs (especially the HDAC6) at atomic level. First, two nonconservative residues (G200/M205 and Y197/F202 in HDAC1/6) in loop3 and four conservative residues deep inside the hydrophobic binding pocket were discovered as the decisive residues of ( S)-TSA's selectivity toward HDAC6. Then, a novel mechanism underlying the selectivity of ( S)-TSA toward HDAC6 was proposed, which was composed of the trigger by two nonconservative residues F202 and M205 in HDAC6 and a subsequently improved fit of ( S)-TSA deep inside HDAC6's hydrophobic binding pocket. TSA enantiomers were used as a molecular probe to explore the mechanism underlying sHDAC6Is' selectivity in this study. Because of their decisive roles in ( S)-TSA's selectivity to HDAC6, both F202 and M205 in HDAC6 should be especially considered in the discovery of novel sHDAC6Is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Lab of Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jun Biao Ying
- Lab of Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia Jun Hong
- Lab of Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Feng Cheng Li
- Lab of Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ting Ting Fu
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng Yuan Yang
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Guo Xun Zheng
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiao Jun Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yan Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Yunqing Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Drug Clinical Research and Evaluation, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310000, China
| | - Wei Wei Xue
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Lab of Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Innovative Drug Research and Bioinformatics Group, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, China
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Resilience as a Psychopathological Construct for Psychiatric Disorders. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1192:479-489. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9721-0_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Rey R, Chauvet-Gelinier JC, Suaud-Chagny MF, Ragot S, Bonin B, d'Amato T, Teyssier JR. Distinct Expression Pattern of Epigenetic Machinery Genes in Blood Leucocytes and Brain Cortex of Depressive Patients. Mol Neurobiol 2018; 56:4697-4707. [PMID: 30377985 PMCID: PMC6647377 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-018-1406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In major depressive disorder (MDD), altered gene expression in brain cortex and blood leucocytes may be due to aberrant expression of epigenetic machinery coding genes. Here, we explore the expression of these genes both at the central and peripheral levels. Using real-time quantitative PCR technique, we first measured expression levels of genes encoding DNA and histone modifying enzymes in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and cingulate cortex (CC) of MDD patients (n = 24) and healthy controls (n = 12). For each brain structure, transcripts levels were compared between subject groups. In an exploratory analysis, we then compared the candidate gene expressions between a subgroup of MDD patients with psychotic characteristics (n = 13) and the group of healthy subjects (n = 12). Finally, we compared transcript levels of the candidate genes in blood leucocytes between separate samples of MDD patients (n = 17) and healthy controls (n = 16). In brain and blood leucocytes of MDD patients, we identified an overexpression of genes encoding enzymes which transfer repressive transcriptional marks: HDAC4-5-6-8 and DNMT3B in the DLPFC, HDAC2 in the CC and blood leucocytes. In the DLPFC of patients with psychotic characteristics, two genes (KAT2A and UBE2A) were additionally overexpressed suggesting a shift to a more transcriptionally permissive conformation of chromatin. Aberrant activation of epigenetic repressive systems may be involved in MDD pathogenesis both in brain tissue and blood leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Rey
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, F-69000, Lyon, France. .,University Lyon 1, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France. .,Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France. .,INSERM U1028; CNRS UMR5292; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1; Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Equipe PSYR2; Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Pole Est, Centre Expert Schizophrénie, 95 boulevard Pinel BP 30039, 69678, Bron Cedex, France.
| | - Jean-Christophe Chauvet-Gelinier
- Psychiatry Unit, Neurosciences Department, Le Bocage University Hospital, Marion Building, Dijon, France.,Laboratory of Psychopathology and Medical Psychology (IFR 100), Bourgogne University, Dijon, France
| | - Marie-Françoise Suaud-Chagny
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France.,Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Sylviane Ragot
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Bernard Bonin
- Psychiatry Unit, Neurosciences Department, Le Bocage University Hospital, Marion Building, Dijon, France.,Laboratory of Psychopathology and Medical Psychology (IFR 100), Bourgogne University, Dijon, France
| | - Thierry d'Amato
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Psychiatric Disorders: from Resistance to Response Team, F-69000, Lyon, France.,University Lyon 1, F-69000, Villeurbanne, France.,Schizophrenia Expert Centre, Le Vinatier Hospital, Bron, France
| | - Jean-Raymond Teyssier
- Department of Genetics and Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital, Dijon, France
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Montagud-Romero S, Blanco-Gandía MC, Reguilón MD, Ferrer-Pérez C, Ballestín R, Miñarro J, Rodríguez-Arias M. Social defeat stress: Mechanisms underlying the increase in rewarding effects of drugs of abuse. Eur J Neurosci 2018; 48:2948-2970. [PMID: 30144331 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Social interaction is known to be the main source of stress in human beings, which explains the translational importance of this research in animals. Evidence reported over the last decade has revealed that, when exposed to social defeat experiences (brief episodes of social confrontations during adolescence and adulthood), the rodent brain undergoes remodeling and functional modifications, which in turn lead to an increase in the rewarding and reinstating effects of different drugs of abuse. The mechanisms by which social stress cause changes in the brain and behavior are unknown, and so the objective of this review is to contemplate how social defeat stress induces long-lasting consequences that modify the reward system. First of all, we will describe the most characteristic results of the short- and long-term consequences of social defeat stress on the rewarding effects of drugs of abuse such as psychostimulants and alcohol. Secondly, and throughout the review, we will carefully assess the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects, including changes in the dopaminergic system, corticotrophin releasing factor signaling, epigenetic modifications and the neuroinflammatory response. To conclude, we will consider the advantages and disadvantages and the translational value of the social defeat stress model, and will discuss challenges and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Montagud-Romero
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Marina D Reguilón
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Ferrer-Pérez
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Raul Ballestín
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Miñarro
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta Rodríguez-Arias
- Department of Psychobiology, Facultad de Psicología, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
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Singh H, Wray N, Schappi JM, Rasenick MM. Disruption of lipid-raft localized Gα s/tubulin complexes by antidepressants: a unique feature of HDAC6 inhibitors, SSRI and tricyclic compounds. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:1481-1491. [PMID: 29463911 PMCID: PMC5983546 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0016-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Current antidepressant therapies meet with variable therapeutic success and there is increasing interest in therapeutic approaches not based on monoamine signaling. Histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), which also deacetylates α-tubulin shows altered expression in mood disorders and HDAC6 knockout mice mimic traditional antidepressant treatments. Nonetheless, a mechanistic understanding for HDAC6 inhibitors in the treatment of depression remains elusive. Previously, we have shown that sustained treatment of rats or glioma cells with several antidepressants translocates Gαs from lipid rafts toward increased association with adenylyl cyclase (AC). Concomitant with this is a sustained increase in cAMP production. While Gαs modifies microtubule dynamics, tubulin also acts as an anchor for Gαs in lipid-rafts. Since HDAC-6 inhibitors potentiate α-tubulin acetylation, we hypothesize that acetylation of α-tubulin disrupts tubulin-Gαs raft-anchoring, rendering Gαs free to activate AC. To test this, C6 Glioma (C6) cells were treated with the HDAC-6 inhibitor, tubastatin-A. Chronic treatment with tubastatin-A not only increased α-tubulin acetylation but also translocated Gαs from lipid-rafts, without changing total Gαs. Reciprocally, depletion of α-tubulin acetyl-transferase-1 ablated this phenomenon. While escitalopram and imipramine also disrupt Gαs/tubulin complexes and translocate Gαs from rafts, they evoke no change in tubulin acetylation. Finally, two indicators of downstream cAMP signaling, cAMP response element binding protein phosphorylation (pCREB) and expression of brain-derived-neurotrophic-factor (BDNF) were both elevated by tubastatin-A. These findings suggest HDAC6 inhibitors show a cellular profile resembling traditional antidepressants, but have a distinct mode of action. They also reinforce the validity of antidepressant-induced Gαs translocation from lipid-rafts as a biosignature for antidepressant response that may be useful in the development of new antidepressant compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harinder Singh
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Nathan Wray
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Jeffrey M. Schappi
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Mark M. Rasenick
- 0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,0000 0001 2175 0319grid.185648.6Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,Jesse Brown VAMC, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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H3K9 Acetylation of Tph2 Involved in Depression-like Behavior in Male, but not Female, Juvenile Offspring Rat Induced by Prenatal Stress. Neuroscience 2018; 381:138-148. [PMID: 29625215 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has shown that prenatal stress (PS) could cause depression-like behavior in the offspring, which is sex-specific. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be elucidated. This study is to investigate the involvement of tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) H3K9 acetylation (H3K9ac) modification on PS-induced depression-like behavior in juvenile offspring rats (JOR). PS models were established, with or without trichostatin A (TSA) treatment. Animal behavior was assessed by the sucrose preference test (SPT) and forced swimming test (FST). The mRNA and protein expression levels of TPH2 in the dorsal raphenucleus (DRN), hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex were detected with quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. The Tph2 H3K9ac levels in the hippocampus were also analyzed. SPT and FST showed significantly reduced sucrose preference and significantly prolonged immobility in PS-induced male juvenile offspring rats (MJOR). Moreover, the mRNA and protein expression levels of TPH2 in the DRN and hippocampus were significantly declined, while the hippocampal Tph2 H3K9ac levels were significantly declined in the PS-induced MJOR. Furthermore, the PS-induced effects in MJOR could be reversed by the microinjection of TSA. However, no significant effects were observed for the female juvenile offspring rats (FJORs). In conclusion, our results showed that the Tph2 H3K9ac modification is only involved in PS-induced depression-like behavior in MJOR, in a sex-specific manner. These findings might contribute to the understanding of the disease pathogenesis and clinical treatment in future.
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Sellmer A, Stangl H, Beyer M, Grünstein E, Leonhardt M, Pongratz H, Eichhorn E, Elz S, Striegl B, Jenei-Lanzl Z, Dove S, Straub RH, Krämer OH, Mahboobi S. Marbostat-100 Defines a New Class of Potent and Selective Antiinflammatory and Antirheumatic Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2018; 61:3454-3477. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b01593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Sellmer
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hubert Stangl
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mandy Beyer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Grünstein
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michel Leonhardt
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Herwig Pongratz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Emerich Eichhorn
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Sigurd Elz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Birgit Striegl
- Technical University of Applied Sciences (OTH) Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Regensburg Center of Biomedical Engineering (RCBE), OTH and University Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Zsuzsa Jenei-Lanzl
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
- Dr. Rolf M. Schwiete Research Unit for Osteoarthritis, Orthopedic University Hospital, Friedrichsheim gGmbH, 60528 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Dove
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer H. Straub
- Laboratory of Experimental Rheumatology and Neuroendocrine Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital, 93042 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Oliver H. Krämer
- Institute of Toxicology, University Medical Center Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Siavosh Mahboobi
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Faye C, McGowan JC, Denny CA, David DJ. Neurobiological Mechanisms of Stress Resilience and Implications for the Aged Population. Curr Neuropharmacol 2018; 16:234-270. [PMID: 28820053 PMCID: PMC5843978 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x15666170818095105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress is a common reaction to an environmental adversity, but a dysregulation of the stress response can lead to psychiatric illnesses such as major depressive disorder (MDD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and anxiety disorders. Yet, not all individuals exposed to stress will develop psychiatric disorders; those with enhanced stress resilience mechanisms have the ability to adapt successfully to stress without developing persistent psychopathology. Notably, the potential to enhance stress resilience in at-risk populations may prevent the onset of stress-induced psychiatric disorders. This novel idea has prompted a number of studies probing the mechanisms of stress resilience and how it can be manipulated. METHODS Here, we review the neurobiological factors underlying stress resilience, with particular focus on the serotoninergic (5-HT), glutamatergic, and γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) systems, as well as the hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) in rodents and in humans. Finally, we discuss stress resiliency in the context of aging, as the likelihood of mood disorders increases in older adults. RESULTS Interestingly, increased resiliency has been shown to slow aging and improved overall health and quality of life. Research in the neurobiology of stress resilience, particularly throughout the aging process, is a nascent, yet, burgeoning field. CONCLUSION Overall, we consider the possible methods that may be used to induce resilient phenotypes, prophylactically in at-risk populations, such as in military personnel or in older MDD patients. Research in the mechanisms of stress resilience may not only elucidate novel targets for antidepressant treatments, but also provide novel insight about how to prevent these debilitating disorders from developing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlène Faye
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
| | - Josephine C. McGowan
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christine A. Denny
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Integrative Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute/Research Foundation for Mental Hygiene, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Denis J. David
- CESP/UMR-S 1178, Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac Pharmacie, Inserm, Université Paris-Saclay, 92296 Chatenay-Malabry, France
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Das S, Sengupta S, Pathak K, Sah D, Mehta S, Avinash PR, Baruah A, Deuri SK, Sarmah A, Gogoi V, Kalita KN, Hazarika J. Aggression as an independent entity even in psychosis - The role of cortisol. Psychiatry Res 2018; 259:405-411. [PMID: 29120850 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Aggression is a common entity in psychiatric disorders, particularly psychotic disorders. Glucocorticoid hypofunction has been linked to abnormal forms of aggressive behavior in various studies in a 'possibly causal' role. We hypothesise that aggression, even among those having psychosis is associated with glucocorticoid alterations similar to those who are aggressive but not psychotic. To our knowledge, this is the first study attempting to look at the cortisol functioning in relation to both aggression and psychosis. The present study included 80 participants divided into four groups depending upon presence or absence of aggression and psychosis. Morning cortisol, afternoon cortisol and their variability were measured using ELISA. The groups were compared on measures of aggression, psychosis, morning cortisol, afternoon cortisol and their variability using standard statistical instruments. The present study found lower levels of morning cortisol, afternoon cortisol and cortisol variability among the aggressive group (vs. non aggressive group) and among the diseased group (vs. non diseased group). The differences were most marked for cortisol variability which was related to both aggression and psychosis independently. There were statistically significant correlation between cortisol variability and aggression, which was retained even after controlling for psychosis. There was no significant correlation of cortisol variability with psychosis severity (after controlling for aggression score) or with age, gender or duration of psychosis. We conclude that aggression, even among patients with psychosis, is an independent entity characterized by lower levels of morning cortisol and cortisol variability. The etio-pathology may lie in some altered neuro-immune parameters executed by cortisol and psychosis as trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Das
- Somnos Sleep Clinic, Kolkata, WB, India.
| | - Soumik Sengupta
- Dept. of Psychiatry, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Kangkan Pathak
- Dept. of Psychiatry, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Divyashree Sah
- Dept. of Psychology, Kumaon University, Nainital, UK, India
| | - Sumit Mehta
- Dept. of Psychiatry, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Priya Ranjan Avinash
- Dept. of Psychiatry, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Aparajeeta Baruah
- Dept. of Psychiatry, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | | | - Anil Sarmah
- Dept. of Pathology, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Vijay Gogoi
- Dept. of Psychiatry, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Kamal Narayan Kalita
- Dept. of Psychiatry, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
| | - Jyoti Hazarika
- Dept. of Microbiology, LGB Regional Institute of Mental Health, Tezpur, Assam, India
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