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Piacquadio KA, Margolis LM, Gwin JA, Leidy HJ. Preliminary evidence supports that long-term consumption of higher-protein breakfast promotes higher expression of select miRNA associated with cardiometabolic health in adolescents. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)01074-5. [PMID: 39393494 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/04/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increased dietary protein at breakfast promotes cardiometabolic health; however, whether these improvements occur at the molecular level is unknown. OBJECTIVE The objective was to examine whether long-term consumption of breakfast, varying in protein quantity, alters the expression of circulating miRNAs associated with cardiometabolic health in 'breakfast-skipping' adolescents. METHODS Thirty adolescents (age: 19±1years; BMI: 25.4±3kg/m2) completed a 6-month tightly-controlled breakfast trial in which participants consumed 350kcal normal-protein (NP, 10g protein) or higher-protein (HP, 30g protein) breakfasts or continued to skip breakfast (BS) for 6-months. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline (PRE) and 6-month (POST) for assessment of 12 a priori circulating plasma miRNA expression levels (RT-qPCR), glucose, insulin, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein. RESULTS No main effects of group were observed for any miRNAs; however, a time-by-group interaction was detected for the expression of miR-126-3p (P = 0.05). HP breakfast tended to increase miR-126-3p expression throughout the study (POST-PRE, P=0.09) leading to greater expression at POST compared to BS (P = 0.03), whereas NP breakfast did not. Additionally, several miRNAs predicted fasting concentrations of IL-6: miR-320a-3p, -146a-5p, -150-5p, -423-5p, -122-5p, glucose: miR-24-3p, -126-3p; insulin: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -15b-5p; insulin sensitivity: miR-24-3p, -126-3p, -199a-5p, -15b-5p; and β-cell function: miR-15b-5p (R2 between 0.2-0.39; P<0.05) from PRE and POST samples across groups. CONCLUSIONS These data support the daily consumption of a HP breakfast to promote cardiometabolic health, potentially through changes in miRNA expression, in a sensitive life-stage where early intervention strategies are critical to reduce the risk of adult-onset chronic disease. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT03146442.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamille A Piacquadio
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lee M Margolis
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Jess A Gwin
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, USA
| | - Heather J Leidy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences & Department of Pediatrics; University of Texas at Austin; Austin, TX, USA.
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Yeo GS, Lee ST, Wong JE, Khouw I, Safii NS, Poh BK. Association of breakfast skipping on nutrient intake and adiposity in Malaysian children: Findings from SEANUTS II. Appetite 2024; 201:107607. [PMID: 39029531 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
Malaysian children often skip breakfast, an important meal providing essential nutrients for optimal growth and maintaining proper nutritional status. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the associations between breakfast skipping with dietary intake, diet quality, and adiposity indicators among primary schoolchildren aged 6.0-12.9 years. This study involved 1383 children from the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS II) Malaysia. Information collected through questionnaires included sociodemography and breakfast consumption, defined as the first meal before noon. Breakfast skipping was identified as skipping breakfast at least once a week. Anthropometric measures, including height, body weight, and waist circumference, as well as percentage of body fat, were collected. Body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-height ratio were calculated, and BMI-for-age-z-scores was determined using WHO (2007) growth reference. A one-day 24-hour dietary recall was employed to assess dietary intake, and diet quality was analyzed using Malaysian Healthy Eating Index. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine relationship between breakfast skipping on diet quality and adiposity indicators. Over one-third (36.0%) of children skipped breakfast at least once a week, resulting in lower intakes of energy, nutrients, cereals/grains, vegetables, and milk/dairy products, though not affecting total diet quality score. Breakfast skipping was associated with higher odds of overweight/obesity (aOR 2.04, 95%CI: 1.52-2.76) and central obesity (aOR 1.87, 95%CI 1.34-2.61). In conclusion, primary schoolchildren in Peninsular Malaysia who skipped breakfast tended to have lower consumption of nutrients and specific basic food groups, as well as increased body fat. This study highlights the importance of continuing to educate parents and children about healthy eating habits, especially the need to adhere to dietary recommendations, with an emphasis on breakfast consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giin Shang Yeo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shoo Thien Lee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Management and Science University, 40100, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Jyh Eiin Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Obesity-UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Ilse Khouw
- FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
| | - Nik Shanita Safii
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Obesity-UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia.
| | - Bee Koon Poh
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Obesity-UKM Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Malaysia.
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Fiore G, Scapaticci S, Neri CR, Azaryah H, Escudero-Marín M, Pascuzzi MC, La Mendola A, Mameli C, Chiarelli F, Campoy C, Zuccotti G, Verduci E. Chrononutrition and metabolic health in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Rev 2024; 82:1309-1354. [PMID: 37944081 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Obesity has emerged as a global health issue for the pediatric population, increasing the need to investigate physiopathological aspects to prevent the appearance of its cardiometabolic complications. Chrononutrition is a field of research in nutritional sciences that investigates the health impact of 3 different dimensions of feeding behavior: regularity of meals, frequency, and timing of food intake. OBJECTIVE We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the association between chrononutrition in children and adolescents and the risk of overweight/obesity or a cluster of metabolic abnormalities related to glucose and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, and cardiovascular disease risk. DATA EXTRACTION A literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library for relevant articles published before August 2022. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 64 articles were included in the narrative synthesis (47 cross-sectional and 17 cohort studies), while 16 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis showed that non-daily breakfast consumers (≤6 d/wk) had a higher risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio [OR], 1.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-1.82] compared with daily breakfast eaters (7 d/wk). Similarly, irregular breakfast consumption (only 0-to-3 times/wk) increased the risk of abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5) compared with regular consumption (5-to-7 times/wk) (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.26-1.49). There was evidence to suggest that a regular frequency of meal consumption (≥4 times/d) is preventive against overweight/obesity development compared with fewer meals (≤3 times/d) (OR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.70-0.97). In the narrative synthesis, snacking habits showed controversial results, while food timing was the most understudied dimension. CONCLUSION Overall, our data indicate a potential implication of chrononutrition in affecting pediatric metabolic health; however, the evidence of this association is limited and heterogeneous. Further prospective and intervention studies with a consistent approach to categorize the exposure are needed to elucidate the importance of chrononutrition for pediatric metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Fiore
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Scapaticci
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Costanza R Neri
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Hatim Azaryah
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Mireia Escudero-Marín
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Martina C Pascuzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice La Mendola
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Mameli
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Chiarelli
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chieti "G. D'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Campoy
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- EURISTIKOS Excellence Centre for Pediatric Research, Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (Ibs-GRANADA), San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
- Neurosciences Institute Dr. Federico Oloriz, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Spanish Network of Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Granada's Node, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gianvincenzo Zuccotti
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Li SR, Chang YJ. Effectiveness of a nutrition education intervention using simulation videos and encouragement of parental involvement for elementary school students. J Nutr Sci 2024; 13:e35. [PMID: 39345240 PMCID: PMC11428064 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to develop a nutrition education intervention to promote healthy eating, and to evaluate the effectiveness of this intervention on healthy eating knowledge, attitude and behaviour among elementary students. A quasi-experimental study was conducted in two elementary schools in Taiwan. The intervention course design included simulation videos, lectures, and the after-school learning worksheet designed for parental involvement. A total of 4 courses along with 4 simulation videos were given to the intervention group. The four course themes were Sugar patrol, Balanced Diet during the Mid-Autumn Festival, Rainbow Fruit and Vegetables, and Smart Dine Out. The study recruited 35 3rd grade students for the intervention group and 30 for the control group. Data were collected from the pre- and post-test questionnaires. The nutrition intervention had significant effects on improving participants' knowledge about tips for making healthy choices and the necessity of balanced diet, and on attitude toward healthy eating. There was no significant improvement in participants' healthy eating behaviours. This nutrition education intervention, which utilized simulation videos and encouraged parental involvement, could be recommended for teaching practice in elementary schools to improve healthy eating knowledge and attitude among students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Rung Li
- Taitung Christian Hospital, Taitung City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Jung Chang
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Saltaouras G, Kyrkili A, Bathrellou E, Georgoulis M, Yannakoulia M, Bountziouka V, Smrke U, Dimitrakopoulos G, Kontogianni MD. Associations between Meal Patterns and Risk of Overweight/Obesity in Children and Adolescents in Western Countries: A Systematic Review of Longitudinal Studies and Randomised Controlled Trials. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:1100. [PMID: 39334632 PMCID: PMC11430606 DOI: 10.3390/children11091100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2024] [Revised: 08/30/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024]
Abstract
Childhood overweight/obesity (OV/OB) is a major public health problem in Western countries, often accompanied with comorbidities (e.g., hypertension and insulin resistance) (i.e., metabolically unhealthy obesity-MUO). Among diet-related risk factors of OV/OB risk and MUO, meal patterns remain limitedly studied. The aim of this systematic review was to explore associations between meal patterns and the risk of childhood OV/OB and MUO in children/adolescents aged 2-19 years. Longitudinal studies and randomised controlled trials from PUBMED and Scopus published between January 2013 and April 2024 were retrieved. Twenty-eight studies were included, all of which reported on OV/OB risk, with none on MUO risk. Regular consumption of breakfast (n = 3) and family meals (n = 4) and avoiding dining while watching TV (n = 4) may be protective factors against childhood OV/OB, whereas meal skipping (primarily breakfast; n = 4) may be a detrimental factor. Mixed effects of meal frequency on OV/OB risk were observed; no effects of frequency of lunch or of fast-food consumption and of meals served at school were found. There was insufficient evidence to support the role of other patterns (meal timing, eating in other social contexts). Meals were mainly participant-identified, leading to increased heterogeneity. Research focusing on childhood MUO and the use of harmonised definitions regarding the assessment of meal patterns are highly warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Saltaouras
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Athanasia Kyrkili
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Eirini Bathrellou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Michael Georgoulis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Mary Yannakoulia
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
| | - Vasiliki Bountziouka
- Computer Simulation, Genomics and Data Analysis Laboratory, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of the Aegean, 81400 Lemnos, Greece;
- Department of Cardiovascular Science, College of Life Science, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Urška Smrke
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - George Dimitrakopoulos
- Department of Informatics and Telematics, School of Digital Technology, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece;
| | - Meropi D. Kontogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, 17671 Athens, Greece; (G.S.); (A.K.); (E.B.); (M.G.); (M.Y.)
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6
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El Ati J, Doggui R, Dogui D, El Ati-Hellal M. Skipping breakfast is associated to inadequate nutrient intakes among Tunisian children: a cross-sectional study. Front Pediatr 2024; 12:1427638. [PMID: 39268359 PMCID: PMC11390555 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2024.1427638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Breakfast is widely acknowledged as a crucial meal of the day, particularly for children, owing to its role in supplying essential nutrients and energy necessary for optimal growth and cognitive function. This study aims to examine differences in nutrient intake between breakfast skippers and non-skippers among children. Methods A representative sample of 1,200 Tunisian preschool and schoolchildren, aged 3-9 years, was randomly selected from kindergartens and primary schools in the Greater Tunis region which includes four governorates (Tunis, Ariana, Manouba and Ben Arous) using a two-stage cross-sectional design. Stratification was carried out depending on each of the selected governorates and urban/rural areas. Dietary intake was evaluated using the 24-hour recall method and a diet history covering the week preceding the survey. Nutritional food composition was derived from a specific Tunisian food composition database. Nutrient intake below age- and sex-specific reference values was considered inadequate. Results and Discussion The findings indicate that the daily intake of energy and nutrients was lower among breakfast skippers compared to regular breakfast eaters. After adjusting for energy, gender, age, BMI and household economic proxy, the daily consumption of total sugar, riboflavin, vitamin B-5, phosphorus and calcium was higher among breakfast consumers while saturated fatty acid intake was higher among skippers. A comparative analysis of daily mean food category intake between the two groups revealed a higher consumption of milk and dairy products among breakfast consumers. Regular breakfast consumption is an important part of maintaining a balanced diet and healthy weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalila El Ati
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Radhouene Doggui
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Darine Dogui
- SURVEN (Nutrition Surveillance and Epidemiology in Tunisia) Research Laboratory, INNTA (National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Myriam El Ati-Hellal
- Laboratory Materials Molecules and Applications, Preparatory Institute for Scientific and Technical Studies, University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
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Han A, Choi YJ. A national cross-sectional study on breakfast skipping-related factors and comparison of nutritional status according to breakfast skipping in older adults based on the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2020). J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100335. [PMID: 39182356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/11/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the distinct socio-ecological characteristics, nutritional status, and nutrient intake quality of the older adults based on breakfast skipping (EBF, eating breakfast vs. SBF, skipping breakfast). This study also investigated the association between breakfast skipping, socioecological features, and quality of nutrient consumption. METHOD From the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2020), data of 92,093 subjects aged ≥ 65 years old (male: 43,910 and female: 48,183) having data with eating habits, such as nutrient intake and skipping breakfast were analyzed. RESULTS The average age of SBF was markedly lower than EBF. EBF had a lower employed status, education level, heavy alcohol intake frequency, smoking, and eating out regularly than SBF. Compared to EBF, SBF showed a significantly higher BMI and waist circumference. Moreover, EBF showed a markedly higher average intake in energy, protein, fiber, calcium, and iron compared with SBF, while SBF had a noticeably higher mean intake in fat, saturated fat, and sugar. In addition, SBF had a significantly reduced mean adequacy ratio (MAR, adjusted OR: 0.260 [95% CI: 0.245-0.276]) and the value of index nutritional quality (INQ, adjusted OR: 0.847 [95% CI: 0.799-0.898]) compared with EBF. DISCUSSION There were distinct socioecological features and nutritional conditions of older adults relying on breakfast skipping; and a strong association between breakfast skipping, socioecological parameters, and nutrient intake quality. These observations provide the significance of breakfast skipping in the nutritional status of older adults and offer fundamental information for nutritional education and implications for older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Han
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea; K-Food Research Center, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Yean Jung Choi
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea.
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Martínez-López MF, López-Gil JF. Meal Duration and Obesity-Related Indicators among Adolescents: Insights from the EHDLA Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2769. [PMID: 39203904 PMCID: PMC11356952 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper aims to examine the association between meal duration and obesity indicators among Spanish adolescents. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional analysis using data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) project involving 755 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (54.8% girls) from three secondary schools in the Valle de Ricote Region of Murcia, Spain. To evaluate overall meal duration, participants were asked how long (on average) breakfast, morning snacks, lunch, afternoon snacks, and dinner typically last. Subsequently, global meal duration was measured, and the participants were categorized into tertiles. Obesity-related indicators, including body mass index (BMI) z score, waist circumference (WC), and skinfold thickness, were assessed. The analyses were adjusted for potential confounders such as sex, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity, sedentary behavior, diet quality, and energy intake. RESULTS Concerning meal duration status, adolescents with long meal durations had the lowest estimated marginal means of BMI z score, WC, and body fat percentage (using the sum of triceps and calf skinfolds). However, significant differences between adolescents with a long meal duration and those with a short meal duration were observed only for BMI z score (p = 0.008), and WC (p = 0.020). Furthermore, significant differences in BMI z score (p = 0.017) between adolescents with a long meal duration and those with a moderate meal duration were identified. CONCLUSIONS These findings underscore the importance of promoting slower eating habits as part of obesity prevention strategies. Future studies should explore the causality of this association and its potential for behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - José Francisco López-Gil
- One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito 170124, Ecuador;
- Department of Communication and Education, Universidad Loyola Andalucía, 41704 Seville, Spain
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Hovdenak IM, Helleve A, Wolden IE, Bere E. Socioeconomic inequality in breakfast skipping among Norwegian adolescents. Nutr J 2024; 23:94. [PMID: 39152455 PMCID: PMC11328473 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-024-00998-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skipping breakfast is associated with negative health-related and school-related outcomes. Breakfast is the most frequently skipped meal among adolescents. Thus, there is a need to explore the reasons for breakfast skipping across population subgroups to better inform policy makers. The purpose of this study was to present the prevalence of adolescents skipping breakfast on schooldays, analyse the reasons for skipping breakfast and assess associations between the prevalence of skipping breakfast and the reasons for skipping breakfast according to sociodemographic variables. METHODS The data of a random sample of 10 000 upper secondary school students (aged 16-18 years) from Viken County, Norway, were collected. Students completed a questionnaire measuring breakfast skipping, reasons for skipping breakfast, and sociodemographic variables. Chi-square tests were used to assess differences between the independent groups (family affluence scale (FAS), parental education, and gender) and skipping breakfast and reasons for skipping breakfast. RESULTS 22% of adolescents reported that they usually skipped breakfast on all schooldays. Skipping breakfast was more prevalent among females, older students, students with lower socioeconomic status and students in vocational education programmes. The difference in breakfast skipping between students with low and high FAS scores was 31% versus 16%, respectively. The most common self-reported reasons for skipping breakfast were time (59%) and not wanting to eat breakfast (48%). Furthermore, 9% reported health issues, and 3% reported economic constraints as a reason for skipping breakfast. Not wanting to eat breakfast was related to a higher FAS score, health issues were more common among girls, and economic constraints were more common among those with low socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS Skipping breakfast was common among Norwegian upper secondary school students. Lack of time and not wanting breakfast were clearly the most cited reasons for skipping breakfast. Health issues and economic constraints were also cited but were less common. The results showed diverging associations between different demographic characteristics and reasons for skipping breakfast. These results are important for developing effective programs to improve diet among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Marie Hovdenak
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Arnfinn Helleve
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ida Emilie Wolden
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Elling Bere
- Centre for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Physical Health and Aging, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
- Department of Sport Science and Physical Education, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
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10
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Robert M, Martin F, Xhonneux A, Mosser F, Favre E, Richonnet C. Nutritional Quality of Breakfast Cereals on the French, Belgian and Luxembourg Markets: Which Cereals for Children? Nutrients 2024; 16:2701. [PMID: 39203837 PMCID: PMC11357527 DOI: 10.3390/nu16162701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Analyse the breakfast cereal market to help to help healthcare professionals to guide parents in choosing healthy products for their children. Study design: Observational study of the breakfast cereals available in the biggest supermarkets, discount stores and organic chains in France, Belgium and Luxembourg. Methods: An analysis of nutritional qualities using three indicators: Nutri-Score (initial and modified version), WHO Europe nutrient profile model, and Nova. Results: 645 products were listed; 559 excluding duplicates. A total of 28.8% are marketed to children and make up the group of "children's" cereals, 62.1% of cereals are Muesli, Oats and other cereal flakes (MOCF), and 54.9% are "organic". The study shows that "children's" cereals have a poorer nutritional profile: a higher proportion of Nutri-Score D, higher sugar content, lower fibre content, less conformity with the WHO Europe nutrient profile model and a higher proportion ofultra-processed. On the other hand, MOCF and "organic" products generally have a better nutritional profile: less sugar, more fibre, more Nutri-Score A, less Nutri-Score D and fewer ultra-processed products. Conclusions: Parents should therefore opt for cereals that do not bear any reference to children on the packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Celine Richonnet
- Club Européen des Diététiciens de l’Enfance (CEDE), Esplanade, 17-7800 Ath, Belgium
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Fischer JAJ, Thomas J, van Zutphen‐Küffer KG, Ierodiakonou D, Kraemer K, Garcia‐Larsen V. PROTOCOL: Breakfast consumption, anthropometry, and nutrition-related outcomes in adolescents from low- and middle-income countries: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2024; 20:e1415. [PMID: 38808167 PMCID: PMC11131355 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Objectives This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: The aim of this systematic review is to examine the scientific evidence available from low- and middle-income countries on the association of breakfast consumption habits and anthropometry/adiposity- and nutrition-related outcomes in adolescents aged 10-19 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Thomas
- Sight and LifeBaselSwitzerland
- School of Medicine, Texas A&MBryanTexasUSA
| | | | - Despo Ierodiakonou
- Department of Primary Care and Population HealthUniversity of Nicosia Medical SchoolNicosiaCyprus
| | - Klaus Kraemer
- Sight and LifeBaselSwitzerland
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Vanessa Garcia‐Larsen
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
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12
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Chen S, López-Gil JF, Memon AR, Bao R, Yang X. Associations of Eating Habits with Self-Rated Health and Life Satisfaction in Adolescents: A 42-Country Cross-Sectional Study. Eur J Investig Health Psychol Educ 2024; 14:1501-1513. [PMID: 38921065 PMCID: PMC11202602 DOI: 10.3390/ejihpe14060099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the associations of eating habits with self-rated health and life satisfaction in adolescents using a multiple-country sample. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) 2013/2014 wave was used in this study. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect data on independent variables including breakfast on weekdays, breakfast at weekends, and consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, and soft dirks. Outcomes included self-rated health and life satisfaction. Regression models were used to assess the associations between the independent variables and the two outcomes, separately, after controlling for covariates. Results were presented using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of all the study participants (aged 11-15 years), 50.8% were girls. Compared with no consumption of breakfast on weekdays, eating breakfast for five days had 1.22 times greater likelihood for improved self-rated health (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.19-1.25, p < 0.001). Participants who ate breakfast for both days (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.36-1.46, p < 0.001) and one day (OR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.08-1.17, p < 0.001) were more likely to experience improved self-rated health compared to never eating breakfast at weekends. Five or more days for fruit and vegetable consumption resulted in better self-rated health (all p < 0.001). Similar results were found in terms of the associations of breakfast, fruit, and vegetable consumption with life satisfaction. For example, a higher frequency of fruit intake was associated with enhanced self-rated health (e.g., OR for more than once daily = 1.42, 95% CI: 1.34-1.51, p < 0.001) compared to no fruit consumption. Similarly, a higher-frequency vegetable intake, such as more than once daily (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.26-1.39, p < 0.001), was associated with improved self-rated health. CONCLUSIONS Healthy eating habits, especially regular breakfast and a higher consumption of vegetables and fruit, are associated with better self-rated health and life satisfaction in school-aged children. Of note, the consumption of fruit would have the greatest impact on health and wellbeing outcomes. This study offers evidence that healthy eating habits can play a vital role in school-aged children's health and wellbeing, highlighting the practical significance of educating adolescents to develop healthy eating habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
| | | | - Aamir Raoof Memon
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia;
| | - Ran Bao
- Centre for Active Living and Learning, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia;
- School of Education, College of Human and Social Futures, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Active Living Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Xingyi Yang
- Centre for Mental Health, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
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13
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Peprah P, Oduro MS, Boakye PA, Morgan AK. Association between breakfast skipping and psychosomatic symptoms among Canadian adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2024; 183:1607-1617. [PMID: 38183436 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-05392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the mediating roles of gender and substance use in the influence of breakfast skipping on psychosomatic symptoms. The study used data among a nationally-representative sample of 2855 Canadian adolescents who participated in the 2018 Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey. Sequential logistic regressions were used to estimate the associations between breakfast skipping and psychosomatic symptoms. Path analysis using a non-parametric bootstrapping technique tested the hypothesized mediating roles. Results showed that adolescents who skipped breakfast were 2.55 times more likely to report higher psychosomatic symptoms compared to non-breakfast skippers (AOR = 2.55; 95% CI = 1.75-3.82). The bootstrapping mediation models showed that breakfast skipping indirectly influenced psychosomatic symptoms through substance use and gender, accounting for 18.47% ( β = 0.0052, Boots 95% CI = 0.0025, 0.00730) and 10.70% ( β = 0.0091, Boots 95% CI = 0.0052, 0.0125), respectively, of the total effect. Our findings have important implications for targeted public and mental health interventions to address both breakfast skipping and psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents. Conclusion: The study compellingly underscores the significance of incorporating gender-specific factors and substance use in understanding the correlation between breakfast skipping and psychosomatic symptoms. These insights hold importance for tailoring public health interventions to alleviate the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms among adolescents by actively addressing breakfast skipping. What is Known: • Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day due to its role in providing the brain with the energy necessary to enhance cognitive functions. • Adolescents commonly exhibit a prevalent lifestyle behaviour of skipping breakfast. What is New: • This study provides robust evidence supporting the association between breakfast skipping and elevated psychosomatic symptoms in adolescents. • Gender and substance use mediate this association, offering novel insights into the complex interplay that contributes to psychosomatic symptoms among this demographic group. • Longitudinal research is needed to unravel causal relationships and illuminate the underlying mechanisms of this intricate connection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Peprah
- Social Policy Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Peter Ansah Boakye
- Department of Geography and Rural Development, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Anthony Kwame Morgan
- Department of Planning, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
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14
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Jonsson KR, Bailey CK, Corell M, Löfstedt P, Adjei NK. Associations between dietary behaviours and the mental and physical well-being of Swedish adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2024; 18:43. [PMID: 38555430 PMCID: PMC10981827 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-024-00733-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS This study aims to investigate the association between dietary behaviours, overweight/obesity, and mental health and well-being among Swedish adolescents. METHODS Data from the 2017/2018 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) survey of 3692 adolescents aged ≈11, ≈13, and ≈15 years was analysed. We evaluated the prevalence and association of dietary behaviours, characterised by daily intake of fruits and vegetables, consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and sweets once per week, and daily consumption of family meals and breakfast, with socioeconomic and demographic factors. Multivariate logistic regression models (adjusted and unadjusted) were then used to examine the relationship between dietary behaviours, overweight/obesity, and mental health and well-being including psychosomatic complaints, life satisfaction, and school-related pressure. RESULTS Boys were more likely to eat breakfast and have meals together with their family than girls, but their fruit and vegetable intake was lower compared to girls. Adolescents with lower socioeconomic status (low family affluence, families perceived 'not well-off' and two unemployed parents), single-parent households and twoforeign born parents were more likely to engage in poorer dietary behaviours. Daily breakfast, family meals, fruit and vegetable intake were positively associated with mental health and well-being. Specifically, daily family meals were linked to higher life satisfaction, fewer psychosomatic complaints, and reduced school-related pressure. Breakfast emerged as a beneficial dietary habit, associated with higher life satisfaction, and a lower likelihood of psychosomatic complaints, school-related pressure, and overweight/obesity. Fruit and vegetable consumption was consistently associated with better mental health and well-being while associations between SSBs and sweets were mixed. CONCLUSIONS Improving mental health and well-being, along with tackling the rising rates of mental illness and challenges related to overweight/obesity in adolescents constitute key public health priorities. Implementing policies that promote the intake of fruits and vegetables, reducing the consumption of SSBs and sweets, and emphasizing the value of having breakfast and sharing family meals could offer a cost-effective public health intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenisha Russell Jonsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Box 463, Göteborg, 405 30, Sweden
| | | | - Maria Corell
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Box 463, Göteborg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Petra Löfstedt
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Gothenburg University, Box 463, Göteborg, 405 30, Sweden
| | - Nicholas Kofi Adjei
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Waterhouse Building 2nd Floor, Block F, Liverpool, L69 3GL, UK.
- Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology - BIPS, Bremen, Germany.
- Health Sciences Bremen, University of Bremen, Bibliothekstrasse 1, 28359, Bremen, Germany.
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15
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Townley J, Northstone K, Hinton EC, Hamilton-Shield J, Searle A, Leary S. Daily Duration of Eating for Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2024; 16:993. [PMID: 38613026 PMCID: PMC11013214 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-limited eating is a dietary intervention whereby eating is limited to a specific window of time during the day. The usual eating windows of adults, and how these can be manipulated for dietary interventions, is well documented. However, there is a paucity of data on eating windows of young people, the manipulation of which may be a useful intervention for reducing obesity. This paper reviewed the existing literature on the eating windows of children and adolescents, aged 5-18 years, plus clock times of first and last intakes and variations by subgroup. Two databases (Medline and Embase) were searched for eligible papers published between February 2013 and February 2023, with forward searching of the citation network of included studies on Web of Science. Articles were screened, and data extracted, in duplicate by two independent reviewers. Ten studies were included, with both observational and experimental designs. Narrative synthesis showed large variations in eating windows with average values ranging from 9.7 h to 16.4 h. Meta-analysis, of five studies, showed a pooled mean daily eating window of 11.3 h (95% CI 11.0, 11.7). Large variations in eating windows exist across different study populations; however, the pooled data suggest that it may be possible to design time-limited eating interventions in paediatric populations aimed at reducing eating windows. Further high-quality research, investigating eating windows and subsequent associations with health outcomes, is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Townley
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, Dorothy Hodgkin Building, Whitson Street, Bristol BS1 3NY, UK
| | - Kate Northstone
- Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, UK;
| | - Elanor C. Hinton
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Diet and Physical Activity Theme, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Education and Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK; (E.C.H.); (J.H.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Julian Hamilton-Shield
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Diet and Physical Activity Theme, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Education and Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK; (E.C.H.); (J.H.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Aidan Searle
- NIHR Bristol Biomedical Research Centre, Diet and Physical Activity Theme, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Education and Research Centre, Upper Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 3NU, UK; (E.C.H.); (J.H.-S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sam Leary
- Bristol Dental School, University of Bristol, 1 Trinity Walk, Bristol BS2 0PT, UK;
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16
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Crispim CA, Rinaldi AEM, Azeredo CM, Skene DJ, Moreno CRC. Is time of eating associated with BMI and obesity? A population-based study. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:527-537. [PMID: 38082033 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-023-03282-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Time-related eating patterns have been associated with metabolic and nutritional diseases such as obesity. However, there is a lack of representative studies on this subject. This study's aim was to assess the association between the timing of eating and obesity in a large and representative sample of the Brazilian adult population (POF 2008-2009 survey). METHODS Two days of adults' food diary (n = 21,020) were used to estimate tertiles of first and last meal intake times, eating midpoint, caloric midpoint time, and calories consumed from 18:00 h onwards. BMI was estimated and its values, as well as excess weight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) were used as outcomes. Multiple linear and logistic regressions were performed. RESULTS The first (β = 0.65, 95% CI 0.37-0.93) and last food intake time (β = 0.40, 95% CI 0.14-0.66), eating midpoint (β = 0.61, 95% CI 0.34-0.88) and calories consumed after 21:00 h (β = 0.74, 95% CI 0.32-1.16) and 22:00 h (β = 0.75, 95% CI 0.18-1.32) were positively associated with BMI. The likelihood of having excess weight or obesity was significantly higher in the third tertile of the first food intake time (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.45 and OR = 1.34, 95% CI 1.13-1.58, respectively), last food intake time (OR = 1.16, 95% CI 1.03-1.32; and OR = 1.18, 95% CI 1.00-1.41, respectively), eating midpoint (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.13-1.45; and OR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.14-1.59, respectively) and energy consumption after 21:00 h (OR = 1.33, 95% CI 1.10-1.59). CONCLUSION Chrononutrition meal patterns indicative of late meal intake were significantly associated with high BMI, excess weight and obesity in the Brazilian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cibele A Crispim
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil.
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
| | - Ana E M Rinaldi
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Catarina M Azeredo
- Chrononutrition Research Group, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlândia, Av. Pará, 1720, Bloco 2U, Sala 20. Campus Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG, Zip Code: 38405-320, Brazil
| | - Debra J Skene
- Chronobiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Claudia R C Moreno
- Department of Health, Life Cycles and Society, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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17
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Jani S, Bradley A. Weight Loss Diets, Fads, and Trends. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:71-76. [PMID: 38172477 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review popular dietary trends and provide recommendations regarding validated dietary approaches for weight loss in the pediatric population. RECENT FINDINGS Like adults, children and adolescents trying to lose weight will succumb to diets promoted by the media. Many of these so-called "fad" diets tout unsupported claims for health but prove very difficult for long-term adherence. Since childhood is a pivotal time for establishing lifestyle habits, we need to provide practical dietary advice supported by scientific research. Studies suggest that emphasizing macronutrient balance while limiting both ultraprocessed foods and sugar-sweetened beverages can help our pediatric patients achieve and maintain a healthy weight. We review literature discouraging the use of restrictive dieting in the pediatric population and instead encourage a whole-foods-based, balanced dietary approach, along with regular physical activity. The goal is to support reasonable and sustainable lifestyle habits that ultimately allow children to establish lifelong health-promoting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Jani
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Anna Bradley
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Weight Loss Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Veterans Affairs Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA.
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18
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Yoon CY, Arlinghaus KR, Ledoux TA, Johnston CA, Larson N, Neumark-Sztainer D. Associations of regular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner with Body Mass Index during adolescence: longitudinal findings by weight status among the Eating and Activity over Time 2010-2018 cohort. Public Health Nutr 2024; 27:e95. [PMID: 38384116 PMCID: PMC10993067 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980024000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI over 8 years differ by weight status in a sample of adolescents. DESIGN Longitudinal, population-based study. Breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption and BMI were self-reported. Linear regressions were used to examine how the associations between meal consumption and BMI differed by weight status. SETTING Adolescents in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents (n 1,471) were surveyed as part of the EAT 2010-2018 in 2009-2010 (Mage = 14·3 years) and 2017-2018 (Mage = 22·0 years). RESULTS The prevalence of regular breakfast, lunch and dinner consumption (≥ 5 times/week) ranged from 45 to 65 %, 75 to 89 % and 76 to 94 %, respectively, depending on weight status category. Among adolescents with a sex- and age-specific BMI < 15th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner during adolescence were positively associated with BMI in emerging adulthood compared with irregular consumption of breakfast, lunch and dinner (<5 times/week) after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics (β = 5·43, β = 5·39 and β = 6·46, respectively; all P-values <0·01). Among adolescents in the BMI 15-85th and 85-95th percentiles, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI but to a lesser extent (P-values <0·01). For participants with a BMI ≥ 95th percentile, regular consumptions of breakfast, lunch and dinner were positively associated with BMI, but the associations were not statistically significant (P-values > 0·05). CONCLUSIONS The relationship between meal consumption during adolescence and BMI in emerging adulthood differs by adolescent weight status. Future studies should investigate underlying factors related to meal consumption routines and BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Y Yoon
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine R Arlinghaus
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Tracey A Ledoux
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Craig A Johnston
- Department of Health and Human Performance, College of Liberal Arts and
Social Sciences, University of Houston, 3875 Holman Street, Room
104, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of
Minnesota School of Public Health, 1300 S 2nd St Suit 300,
Minneapolis, MN, USA
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19
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Svendsen M, Forslund HB. Meal patterns, including intermittent fasting - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2024; 68:10505. [PMID: 38370117 PMCID: PMC10870972 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v68.10505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction 'Meal patterns' refers to eating frequency, snacking, regularity, and timing. Here also including intermittent fasting. The effect of meal patterns on health is inconsistent and when updating the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023 (NNR2023), summarizing the evidence is important. Aims To describe the evidence for the role of meal patterns on bodyweight, body composition, and cardiovascular risk factors (i.e. blood pressure and lipid- and glukose metabolism) in healthy people living with normal weight, overweight, or obesity in all age groups. Methods An initial search in PubMed found 481 reviews, of which 104 were identified based on titles. Of these, 47 were excluded based on title and abstracts. Of the remaining 57 reviews, 16 were included reporting search terms and inclusion/exclusion criteria. In addition, 8 reviews from reference list or known by authors were included. In total, 24 reviews were relevant. Cochrane Library was searched with no results. Results All reviews were rated low or critically low (AMSTAR 2). No consistent findings on eating frequency and body weight or composition were found in children/adolescents or adults. In snacking, mixed results were found, although among adults, some consistent results showed positive associations between snacking and body weight. In regularity, breakfast skipping showed mixed results in children/adolescents on body weight and composition. Among adults, randomized controlled trials on breakfast skipping showed a minor impact on improved weight loss. In prospective studies on timing, lower energy intake during late afternoon/evening was related to less body weight. Intermittent fasting reduced body weight but was not superior to continuous energy restrictions. Cardiovascular risk factors were assessed in a minority of the reviews, and despite some beneficial effects, the evidence was limited. Conclusion Given the overall low to critically low quality of the reviews, the evidence is limited and inconclusive. No consistent results providing evidence for setting recommendations for meal patterns were shown. In this regard, meal patterns may vary within the context of an energy balanced and nutritionally adequate diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Svendsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Heléne Bertéus Forslund
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Zaman A, Grau L, Jeffers R, Steinke S, Catenacci VA, Cornier M, Rynders CA, Thomas EA. The effects of early time restricted eating plus daily caloric restriction compared to daily caloric restriction alone on continuous glucose levels. Obes Sci Pract 2024; 10:e702. [PMID: 38264001 PMCID: PMC10804344 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The median eating duration in the U.S. is 14.75 h, spread throughout the period of wakefulness and ending before sleep. Food intake at an inappropriate circadian time may lead to adverse metabolic outcomes. Emerging literature suggests that time restricted eating (TRE) may improve glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. The aim was to compare 24-h glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity in participants after completing 12 weeks of a behavioral weight loss intervention based on early TRE plus daily caloric restriction (E-TRE+DCR) or DCR alone. Methods Eighty-one adults with overweight or obesity (age 18-50 years, BMI 25-45 kg/m2) were randomized to either E-TRE+DCR or DCR alone. Each participant wore a continuous glucose monitor (CGM) for 7 days and insulin sensitivity was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) at Baseline and Week 12. Changes in CGM-derived measures and HOMA-IR from Baseline to Week 12 were assessed within and between groups using random intercept mixed models. Results Forty-four participants had valid CGM data at both time points, while 38 had valid glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and hemoglobin A1c (A1c) data at both timepoints. There were no significant differences in sex, age, BMI, or the percentage of participants with prediabetes between the groups (28% female, age 39.2 ± 6.9 years, BMI 33.8 ± 5.7 kg/m2, 16% with prediabetes). After adjusting for weight, there were no between-group differences in changes in overall average sensor glucose, standard deviation of glucose levels, the coefficient of variation of glucose levels, daytime or nighttime average sensor glucose, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, or A1c. However, mean amplitude of glycemic excursions changed differently over time between the two groups, with a greater reduction found in the DCR as compared to E-TRE+DCR (p = 0.03). Conclusion There were no major differences between E-TRE+DCR and DCR groups in continuous glucose profiles or insulin sensitivity 12 weeks after the intervention. Because the study sample included participants with normal baseline mean glucose profiles and insulin sensitivity, the ability to detect changes in these outcomes may have been limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnin Zaman
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Laura Grau
- Department of Biostatistics and InformaticsColorado School of Public HealthUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rebecca Jeffers
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Sheila Steinke
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Victoria A. Catenacci
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Marc‐Andre Cornier
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic DiseasesDepartment of MedicineMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSouth CarolinaUSA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans AdministrationAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Corey A. Rynders
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Elizabeth A. Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and DiabetesDepartment of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Anschutz Health & Wellness Center at the University of ColoradoAnschutz Medical CampusAuroraColoradoUSA
- Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans AdministrationAuroraColoradoUSA
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Federici G, Marcotrigiano V, Bino E, Lovat A, Padoin A, Salerno G, D’Incà P, Napoli C, Cinquetti S. Healthy Snack Project: Improving Healthy Choices through Multidisciplinary Food Education Actions. Nutrients 2024; 16:255. [PMID: 38257147 PMCID: PMC10818516 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
School is one of the main settings where it is useful to guarantee health promotion actions, as it is well known that diet and eating habits that are shaped in the early stages of life are maintained through adulthood. The objective of this study was to carry out the "Healthy Snack" project to promote nutritional education in primary schools in the Province of Belluno in the 2022-2023 school year, in which 925 students were enrolled, and to evaluate the intervention in terms of changes in eating habits during their school breaks. Following the workshops performed by the healthcare workers (HCWs), medals were awarded, taking into account the quality of the participating students' mid-morning snacks, considering the food pyramid. The results collected in the annual survey period were related to the type and quantity of snacks consumed at school, and allowed students to gain a final score, comparing the period before and after the educational intervention to demonstrate the effectiveness of the actions promoted by HCWs and the increased nutritional quality of meals. In light of this evidence, public health strategies must continue to emphasize the importance of implementing health promotion interventions and actions aimed at children in order to prevent weight gain in this age group, and the potential development of cardiometabolic pathologies over their lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Federici
- Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Screening Programs and Health Promotion Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority “ULSS 1 Dolomiti”, 32100 Belluno, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | | | - Erica Bino
- Epidemiology Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority “ULSS 1 Dolomiti”, 32100 Belluno, Italy;
| | - Alberto Lovat
- Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Screening Programs and Health Promotion Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority “ULSS 1 Dolomiti”, 32100 Belluno, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Angela Padoin
- Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Screening Programs and Health Promotion Service, Prevention Department, Local Health Authority “ULSS 1 Dolomiti”, 32100 Belluno, Italy; (G.F.); (A.L.); (A.P.)
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs “NESMOS”, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Pamela D’Incà
- Communication Office, Local Health Authority “ULSS 1 Dolomiti”, 32100 Belluno, Italy;
| | - Christian Napoli
- Department of Medical Surgical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sandro Cinquetti
- Prevention Department, Local Health Authority “ULSS 1 Dolomiti”, 32100 Belluno, Italy;
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22
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Alshdifat E, Alkhawaldeh A, Albashtawy M, Ta’an W, Mohammad K, Al-Rawashdeh S, Malak M, Al-Modallal H, Al-Dwaikat T, Aljezawi M, Hamadneh S, Suliman M, Abdalrahim A, Albashtawy S. Breakfast Skipping and Associated Factors Among Jordanian University Students. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY RESEARCH 2024; 29:125-132. [PMID: 38333350 PMCID: PMC10849275 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_301_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Background Although breakfast skipping among university students is a significant concern, its prevalence and the contributing factors among university students have received little attention in the literature. This study aims to determine the prevalence of skipping breakfast among Jordanian university students and examine the associated factors and variations in rates of skipping breakfast by day of the week. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students between March and May 2022 through a self-questionnaire. A convenience sample of 891 students was chosen at four Jordanian public universities. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results The prevalence of skipping breakfast among university students was 66%. The reasons for skipping breakfast were having no time due to oversleeping and having no feeling of hunger (59% for both), followed by having no energy to prepare the breakfast and making no difference (49% and 48%), and not being able to afford to eat or buy breakfast (19%). There is a strong correlation between eating fast food and skipping breakfast. With whom the student eats breakfast is significantly associated with breakfast skipping, revealing that the highest percentages of skipping occur with friends. About 63% of students skipped breakfast through university days compared with 37% on the weekend, while 37% of them had breakfast through university days compared with 67% on the weekend. Conclusions A high percentage of university students in Jordan skip breakfast. More attention should be paid to correlating factors and developing interventions to help students adhere to the breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas Alshdifat
- Department of Medical and Surgical, Jordan Ministry of Health, Jordan
| | - Abdullah Alkhawaldeh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mohammed Albashtawy
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Wafa’a Ta’an
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Khitam Mohammad
- Department of Midwifery, Faculty of Nursing, University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sami Al-Rawashdeh
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
| | - Malakeh Malak
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hanan Al-Modallal
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan
- Department of Nursing, Fakeeh College for Medical Sciences, Al-Hamra District, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tariq Al-Dwaikat
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ma’en Aljezawi
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Shereen Hamadneh
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Mohammad Suliman
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Asem Abdalrahim
- Department of Community and Mental Health Nursing, Princess Salma Faculty of Nursing, Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
| | - Sa’d Albashtawy
- Department of Medical and Surgical, Jordan Ministry of Health, Jordan
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23
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Cândido ACDO, Neves FS, Fontes VS, Melo AST, de Faria ER, Netto MP, Oliveira RMS, Machado-Coelho GLL, Cândido APC. Frequency of breakfast consumption and its associations with food consumption by degree of industrial processing and with indicators of overweight in Brazilian adolescents (EVA-JF Study). Nutrition 2024; 117:112226. [PMID: 37897985 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of breakfast consumption and estimate its associations with the consumption of food at different degrees of industrial processing and with overweight indicators in Brazilian adolescents. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved a probabilistic sample of 14- to 19-y-old adolescents enrolled in 29 public schools in the municipality of Juiz de Fora, MG, Southeast Brazil (n = 805). The frequency of breakfast consumption was evaluated via a questionnaire (classified into "do not consume", "sometimes consume", and "regularly consume"). The evaluation of food consumption involved two 24-h dietary recalls, the items of which were analyzed according to the NOVA classification system. Overweight indicators (waist circumference, body mass index for age (BMI-for-age), and body fat percentage) were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Linear regression models were performed, first without and then with adjustments for sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS We found that 20% of adolescents skipped breakfast, and ∼46% of the caloric intake came from ultra-processed foods. Breakfast omission was associated with a mean increase of 3.02% (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-5.53) in energy intake from ultra-processed foods, in addition to a mean increase of 0.28 z-score (95% CI, 0.05- 0.52) of BMI-for-age and of 1.64% (95% CI, 0.21-3.08) in body fat. CONCLUSIONS We verified that the omission of breakfast was associated with higher consumption of ultra-processed foods, as well as a higher BMI-for-age and higher percentage of body fat, reinforcing the importance of actions to encourage the consumption of this meal and the adoption of healthy eating practices in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainoã Cristina de Oliveira Cândido
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Silva Neves
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; General Coordination for Surveillance of Noncommunicable Diseases and Injuries - CGDANT, Department of Epidemiological Analysis and Surveillance of Noncommunicable Diseases - DAENT, Secretariat of Health and Environment Surveillance - SVSA, Ministry of Health - MS, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sequeira Fontes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Adriana Soares Torres Melo
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliane Rodrigues de Faria
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Michele Pereira Netto
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Souza Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Carlos Cândido
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora - UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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24
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Gibson-Moore H, Spiro A, Stanner S. No food for thought-How important is breakfast to the health, educational attainment and wellbeing of school-aged children and young people? NUTR BULL 2023; 48:458-481. [PMID: 37986635 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
There have been reports from teachers of pupils in the United Kingdom arriving at school hungry. Poor nutritional intake during childhood can increase the risk of developing both short- and long-term health problems. Breakfast consumption has been associated with several outcomes including better diet quality and healthier weight status. Nevertheless, skipping breakfast is a frequent behaviour in young people, particularly adolescents, and those from lower socio-economic groups, who are less likely to meet dietary recommendations and nutritional targets. The aim of this narrative review is to explore the contribution of breakfast consumption at home or at school and the impact of breakfast skipping on nutrient intakes in school-aged children (aged 4-18 years), and their effect on weight and cardiometabolic health. We will also summarise evidence for a link with cognitive function and educational attainment. A broadly positive effect of breakfast intake on diet quality, weight status and school-related outcomes was found in the literature, although inconsistencies in findings and methodological limitations within the evidence base are notable. Further research is warranted to better understand impact of breakfast intake and school breakfast provision on longer-term learning, educational attainment and health outcomes. This also needs to consider the cost benefit, type of breakfast and any unintended consequences such as encouraging multiple breakfasts. Breakfast consumption could improve the nutritional intakes of the most vulnerable young people and may help to address inequalities in educational outcomes at least in the short term.
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25
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Kosti RI, Kanellopoulou A, Morogianni K, Notara V, Antonogeorgos G, Kourtesa T, Rojas-Gil AP, Kornilaki EN, Lagiou A, Panagiotakos DB. The path between breakfast eating habit, sleep duration and physical activity on obesity status: An epidemiological study in schoolchildren. Nutr Health 2023; 29:721-730. [PMID: 35581727 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221102270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Although the literature suggests that skipping breakfast, insufficient sleep, and reduced physical activity are associated with childhood obesity their co-influence and their in-between interactions on weight status have rarely been studied. Aim: To examine the co-influence of breakfast eating habits, sleep duration, and physical activity on the weight status of children 10-12 years old from several schools of Greece. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1688 students in Greece, during 2014-2016. Children's Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated and classified according to the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) classification. Logistic regression models and path analysis were used. Results: Overweight/obesity prevalence was higher in boys (32.5% vs. 20.4%; p < 0.001). Average sleep duration decreased the odds of overweight/obesity [OR (95% CI): 0.86 (0.76, 0.97)] independently of the frequency of breakfast habit. Interaction between sleep duration with breakfast habit (p = 0.002) and physical activity (p < 0.001) was observed. Path analysis showed a negative association of BMI with sleep duration (standardized beta = -0.095, p < 0.001). A third-order interaction between breakfast habit, sleep duration, and physical activity revealed that daily breakfast eating along with adequate sleep and moderate/adequate physical activity levels, decreased the odds of over-weight/obesity by 55% [OR 0.45, 95% CI (0.27, 0.72)]. Conclusion: Although sleep duration is inversely associated with weight status independently of breakfast habit, the co-influence of adequate sleep duration with frequent breakfast eating and moderate/adequate physical activity seems to be a profoundly higher associated as a result of synergy against childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena I Kosti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Physical Education, Sports and Dietetics, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kanellopoulou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantina Morogianni
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Venetia Notara
- Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - George Antonogeorgos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Triada Kourtesa
- Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Andrea Paola Rojas-Gil
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli, Greece
| | - Ekaterina N Kornilaki
- Department of Preschool Education, School of Education, University of Crete, Rethimno, Greece
| | - Areti Lagiou
- Department of Public and Community Health, Laboratory of Hygiene and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece
| | - Demosthenes B Panagiotakos
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Bruce ACT, Australia
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26
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Silva-Uribe M, Máynez-López F, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Muñoz-Guerrero B, Omaña-Guzmán I, Messiah SE, Ruíz-Arroyo A, Lozano-González E, Villanueva-Ortega E, Muñoz-Aguirre P, Garibay-Nieto N. Validation of the Childhood Family Mealtime Questionnaire in Mexican Adolescents with Obesity and Their Caregivers. Nutrients 2023; 15:4937. [PMID: 38068795 PMCID: PMC10708254 DOI: 10.3390/nu15234937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity is a significant public health concern in Mexico, with far-reaching implications for the nation's healthcare system and economy. In light of this challenge, our study sought to validate the Childhood Family Mealtime Questionnaire (CFMQ) in Mexican adolescents living with obesity and their primary caregivers. METHODS A sample of 56 adolescents ages 13 to 17 years and their primary caregivers from one pediatric obesity clinic participated in the study. We conducted a comprehensive assessment of the CFMQ's consistency, reliability, and construct validity among all participants. Internal consistency was determined using Cronbach's α, and the questionnaire's reliability was assessed through test-retest and intraclass correlation coefficients. Construct validity was assessed through an exploratory factor analysis. RESULTS Our findings confirmed strong internal consistency and reliability for both adolescents and caregivers. Construct validity was established through exploratory factor analysis, refining the questionnaire while preserving its original seven dimensions. This validation of the CFMQ highlights its applicability in evaluating family mealtime experiences in this context, providing valuable insights into the dynamics that influence adolescent nutrition and health. CONCLUSION The CFMQ proves to be a reliable tool for assessing family mealtime experiences in Mexican adolescents living with obesity and their caregivers who seek care at third-level public hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Silva-Uribe
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (M.S.-U.); (F.M.-L.); (B.M.-G.); (I.O.-G.); (A.R.-A.); (E.L.-G.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Fernanda Máynez-López
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (M.S.-U.); (F.M.-L.); (B.M.-G.); (I.O.-G.); (A.R.-A.); (E.L.-G.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Brenda Muñoz-Guerrero
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (M.S.-U.); (F.M.-L.); (B.M.-G.); (I.O.-G.); (A.R.-A.); (E.L.-G.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Isabel Omaña-Guzmán
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (M.S.-U.); (F.M.-L.); (B.M.-G.); (I.O.-G.); (A.R.-A.); (E.L.-G.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Sarah E. Messiah
- Center for Pediatric Population Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Public Health, Dallas, TX 75207, USA;
| | - Arturo Ruíz-Arroyo
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (M.S.-U.); (F.M.-L.); (B.M.-G.); (I.O.-G.); (A.R.-A.); (E.L.-G.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Emilia Lozano-González
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (M.S.-U.); (F.M.-L.); (B.M.-G.); (I.O.-G.); (A.R.-A.); (E.L.-G.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Eréndira Villanueva-Ortega
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (M.S.-U.); (F.M.-L.); (B.M.-G.); (I.O.-G.); (A.R.-A.); (E.L.-G.); (E.V.-O.)
| | - Paloma Muñoz-Aguirre
- Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (CONAHCYT), Mexico City 03940, Mexico;
- Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico
| | - Nayely Garibay-Nieto
- Pediatric Obesity Clinic and Wellness Unit, Hospital General de México “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga”, Mexico City 06720, Mexico; (M.S.-U.); (F.M.-L.); (B.M.-G.); (I.O.-G.); (A.R.-A.); (E.L.-G.); (E.V.-O.)
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Ciardullo S, Salvatore MA, Mandolini D, Spinelli A, Bucciarelli M, Andreozzi S, Buoncristiano M, Nardone P. Trend in Breakfast Consumption among Primary School Children in Italy. Nutrients 2023; 15:4632. [PMID: 37960286 PMCID: PMC10647676 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Eating breakfast daily improves cognitive function, may contribute to learning and academic performance in children and can decrease the risk of childhood obesity. The aim of this study was to analyse how breakfast consumption changed in the period from 2008/9 to 2019 in Italy among children aged 8-9 years old participating in the OKkio alla SALUTE surveys and to explore the associations with some socio-demographic and lifestyle factors. Information about children's daily breakfast consumption (adequate, inadequate, and no breakfast) and the socio-demographic characteristics of the children and their mothers was collected through four questionnaires addressed to parents, children, teachers and head teachers. Data were analysed for the 272,781 children from 21 Italian regions from 2008/9 to 2019. The prevalence of adequate breakfast decreased from 60.7% in 2008/9 to 55.7% in 2019 and no breakfast from 10.9 to 8.7%; conversely, inadequate breakfast increased from 28.4 to 35.6%. Logistic regression models showed that the occurrence of inadequate or no breakfast consumption was significantly higher among girls, children living in the southern regions and children with less educated mothers. These findings highlight the need for effective interventions to increase daily breakfast consumption and its adequacy among children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Ciardullo
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Michele Antonio Salvatore
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Donatella Mandolini
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Angela Spinelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Mauro Bucciarelli
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | - Silvia Andreozzi
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
| | | | - Paola Nardone
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità), Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy; (S.C.); (M.A.S.); (D.M.); (A.S.); (M.B.); (S.A.)
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28
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Wang K, Niu Y, Lu Z, Duo B, Effah CY, Guan L. The effect of breakfast on childhood obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1222536. [PMID: 37736138 PMCID: PMC10510410 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1222536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Previous cohort trials have shown that skipping breakfast increases the risk of obesity or overweight in children. However, this finding remains controversial. Through a meta-analysis, this study systematically evaluated the effect of skipping breakfast on the prevalence of obesity or overweight in children. Methods We performed a literature search for studies published until March 19, 2023. using the Cochrane, PubMed, and Embase databases. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, observational studies on the relationship between skipping breakfast and overweight/obesity in children and adolescents were analyzed. Three investigators independently screened the relevant literature, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). A random-effects model was used. The odds ratio (OR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to indicate the effect size. Results A total of 40 retrospective studies with 323,244 children ranging in age from 2 to 20 years were included in this study. The results of this meta-analysis showed that children and adolescents who skipped breakfast had a significantly higher prevalence of obesity or overweight than those who ate breakfast (OR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.33-1.90; P < 0.001). Skipping breakfast was positively associated with overweight in children and adolescents (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.23-1.54; P < 0.001). Similarly, skipping breakfast was positively associated with obesity in children and adolescents (OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.30-1.76; P < 0.001). The effect was also different by sex, with girls being the most affected (OR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.23-1.76; P < 0.001). There was also a correlation between skipping breakfast and abdominal obesity in children (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.55-0.77; P < 0.001). Conclusion This meta-analysis suggested that skipping breakfast is associated with an increased risk of overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. The findings provide support for a possible protective role of breakfast against excessive weight gain in children and adolescents. However, more rigorous study designs with validated and standardized measures of relevant variables are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yifan Niu
- Henan Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhenzhen Lu
- Henan Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Boyang Duo
- Henan Medical School of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Clement Yaw Effah
- General ICU, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lina Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Zakrzewski-Fruer JK, Thackray AE. Enhancing cardiometabolic health through physical activity and breakfast manipulations in children and adolescents: good for humans, good for the planet. Proc Nutr Soc 2023; 82:272-285. [PMID: 36356640 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122002804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The human health benefits of cardiometabolic disease prevention can be accompanied by planetary co-benefits. Focusing efforts towards young people, including children and adolescents, is conducive to disease prevention. In the context of cardiometabolic disease prevention, this review paper critically summarises the available literature on the acute cardiometabolic responses to physical activity and breakfast manipulations among young people. Given the seriousness of global climate change, which will disproportionally affect our younger generations, this review paper offers new insights into the inherent interactions between child-adolescent behaviour and cardiometabolic health from an environmental sustainability perspective to aid climate change mitigation efforts, including exploring future research avenues. A growing evidence base suggests acute moderate- to high-intensity exercise bouts can attenuate postprandial plasma glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol concentrations for up to 24-48 h in young people. Whether accumulating physical activity throughout the day with short, frequent bouts promotes cardiometabolic risk marker attenuations is unclear. Breakfast consumption may enhance free-living physical activity and reduce glycaemic responses to subsequent meals for a possible additive impact. If repeated habitually, attenuations in these cardiometabolic risk factors would be conducive to disease prevention, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions associated with disease diagnosis and treatment. To progress current understanding with high public health and planetary relevance, research among samples of 'at risk' young people that span cellular-level responses to ecologically valid settings and address human and planetary health co-benefits is needed. Indeed, certain physical activity opportunities, such as active travel to school, offer important direct co-benefits to humans and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Zakrzewski-Fruer
- Institute for Sport and Physical Activity Research, School of Sport Science and Physical Activity, University of Bedfordshire, Bedford, MK41 9EA, UK
| | - Alice E Thackray
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust and University of Leicester, Leicester LE5 4PW, UK
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Gioxari A, Amerikanou C, Peraki S, Kaliora AC, Skouroliakou M. Eating Behavior and Factors of Metabolic Health in Primary Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study in Greek Children. Nutrients 2023; 15:3592. [PMID: 37630782 PMCID: PMC10457842 DOI: 10.3390/nu15163592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Childhood obesity has been associated with altered blood lipids and bad eating habits. In this cross-sectional study, we assessed cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic health markers in regard to weight status and dietary habits in schoolchildren. In 134 children (6-11 years), we conducted: (1) Anthropometry, namely z-score BMI (z-BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body composition analysis. (2) Measurements of handgrip strength (HGS), resting metabolic rate (RMR) and VO2max. (3) Quantification of blood lipids and antioxidant vitamins A, E, C. (4) Eating breakfast assessment. About 35% of children were overweight/obese. The z-BMI positively correlated with WHtR (r = 0.637, p < 0.001), and adversely correlated with fat-free mass (r = -0.728, p < 0.001) and vitamin E (r = -0.286, p < 0.001). RMR and VO2max were greater in normal weight children compared to those with overweight/obesity (p < 0.001). HGS did not differ between these groups, but was negatively correlated with dyslipidemia as shown by TG/HDL-C ratio (r = -0.224, p = 0.037). According to regression analysis, eating breakfast routinely at home was positively associated with RMR and adversely associated with z-BMI. Hence, regular breakfast consumption at home may improve RMR in kids. Cardiorespiratory fitness and physical strength are key modulators of metabolic health in Greek children added to a social determinant of health i.e., eating breakfast at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristea Gioxari
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Science, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata-Messinia, Greece; (A.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Charalampia Amerikanou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Sevasti Peraki
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, School of Health Science, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata-Messinia, Greece; (A.G.); (S.P.)
| | - Andriana C. Kaliora
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Maria Skouroliakou
- Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, 70 El. Venizelou Ave., 17671 Athens, Greece; (C.A.); (M.S.)
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Basdeki ED, Karatzi K, Arnaoutis G, Makrilakis K, Liatis S, Cardon G, De Craemer M, Iotova V, Tsochev K, Tankova T, Kivelä J, Wikström K, Rurik I, Radó S, Miguel-Berges ML, Gimenez-Legarre N, Moreno-Aznar L, Manios Y. A lifestyle pattern characterised by high consumption of sweet and salty snacks, sugar sweetened beverages and sedentary time is associated with blood pressure in families at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus in Europe. The Feel4Diabetes Study. J Hum Nutr Diet 2023; 36:1564-1575. [PMID: 36719056 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals from families at high-risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are also at high risk for hypertension (HTN) and cardiovascular disease. Studies identifying lifestyle patterns (LPs) combining dietary, physical activity or sedentary variables and examining their possible role with respect to developing blood pressure (BP) are limited. The present study aimed to examine the association of different LPs with BP levels in families at high risk for T2DM in Europe. METHODS In total, 1844 adults (31.6% males) at high-risk for T2DM across six European countries were included in this cross-sectional study using data from the baseline assessment of the Feel4Diabetes Study. BP measurements and dietary and physical activity assessments were conducted, and screen times were surveyed. LPs were revealed with principal component analysis of various data regarding diet, physical activity, screen time and smoking. RESULTS Three LPs were identified. LP3 (high consumption of sweet and salty snacks, sugar sweetened soft drinks and juices, and high amount of screen time) was positively associated with diastolic BP (B, 0.52; 95% confidence interval = 0.05-0.99) and the existence of HTN (odds ratio = 1.12; 95% confidence interval = 1.00-1.25). Participants in the highest tertile of LP3 spent mean 3 h of screen time, consumed 1.5 portions of sweet and/or salty snacks and 1 L of soft drinks on a daily basis, were associated with 12% higher risk of HTN. CONCLUSIONS Focusing on the combination of eating and lifestyle behaviours may more accurately identify, and therefore guide preventive measures tailored to the specific needs of high-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini D Basdeki
- Cardiovascular Prevention & Research Unit, Clinic & Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Department of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Karatzi
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Quality of Life, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Giannis Arnaoutis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Makrilakis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Stavros Liatis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, First Department of Propaedeutic Medicine, Laiko General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Greet Cardon
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marieke De Craemer
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Research Foundation Flanders, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Violeta Iotova
- Departemnt of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Tsochev
- Departemnt of Pediatrics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetalina Tankova
- Clinical Center of Endocrinology and Gerontology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Jemina Kivelä
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Wikström
- Population Health Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Imre Rurik
- Department of Family and Occupational Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Sándorné Radó
- Faculty of Health, Doctoral School of Health Science, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - María L Miguel-Berges
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Gimenez-Legarre
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis Moreno-Aznar
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Institute of Agri-food and Life Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University Research Centre(Agro-Health), Heraklion, Greece
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Pencil A, Matsungo TM, Hongu N, Hayami N. Prevalence of Obesity and the Factors Associated with Low Obesity Awareness among Urban Adolescents in Harare, Zimbabwe. Nutrients 2023; 15:2302. [PMID: 37242185 PMCID: PMC10222563 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem. In developing countries such as Zimbabwe, obesity is both an emerging health problem and a grey area, particularly among adolescents. This study assessed the prevalence of obesity and factors associated with low obesity awareness among adolescents. METHOD A cross-sectional survey was performed using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. The participants were 423 adolescents aged 14-19 years recruited from 10 schools in Harare using a stratified random sampling technique. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 23) and binary logistics regression was used to examine the factors associated with low obesity awareness. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS The median± IQR age was 16 (14-18) years, and overweight and obesity affected 15.8% of the participants with higher proportions among girls (73.1%, p = 0.002). Low obesity awareness was observed in 27.1% of the adolescents with a higher proportion among girls (67.0%, p = 0.001), 14-16-year-olds (51.3%, p = 0.317), and obese adolescents (56.7%, p = 0.001). Significant factors associated with low obesity awareness were household heads lacking formal education [OR = 9.41 (2.20-40.36), p = 0.003] and inadequate (poor) food habits [OR = 2.58 (1.33-5.01), p = 0.005]. CONCLUSIONS Our study showed that adolescents had different obesity awareness levels and diverse perceptions in terms of obesity causes, and a range of potential solutions. Obesity awareness and nutrition education should address adolescents' poor eating habits while taking cognizance of the different education levels of household heads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Pencil
- Graduate School of Human Life Science, Osaka City University, 3 Chome-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshiku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan
| | - Tonderayi M. Matsungo
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food Sciences (DNDFS), University of Zimbabwe, Mt Pleasant, Harare P.O. Box MP167, Zimbabwe;
| | - Nobuko Hongu
- Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3 Chome-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshiku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; (N.H.); (N.H.)
| | - Naomi Hayami
- Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3 Chome-3-138 Sugimoto, Sumiyoshiku, Osaka 558-8585, Japan; (N.H.); (N.H.)
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Castillo-Valenzuela O, Duarte L, Arredondo M, Iñiguez G, Villarroel L, Pérez-Bravo F. Childhood Obesity and Plasma Micronutrient Deficit of Chilean Children between 4 and 14 Years Old. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071707. [PMID: 37049547 PMCID: PMC10096594 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the nutritional status and plasma levels of vitamins and minerals in a cohort of Chilean children between 4 and 14 years old from three cities in Chile (Santiago, Antofagasta, and Concepcion). Design: This is a descriptive analysis of micronutrient levels in Chilean children as it relates to obesity and food consumption. Setting: This study included 1235 children from schools in Santiago (central area), Antofagasta (northern area), and Concepcion (southern area) in Chile. Results: Plasma levels of micronutrients revealed deficiencies in children from all these cities. Copper (26.4%) and calcium (33.0%) deficiencies were found in the children from Antofagasta, whereas iron (26.7%) and zinc (20.8%) deficiencies were found in the children from Concepcion and Santiago, respectively. The percentage of children with vitamin D deficiencies was exceptionally high in all cities (over 78%). The analysis of micronutrients and nutritional status revealed that vitamin D deficiencies were significantly higher (p = 0.02) in overweight children, particularly in Antofagasta. In the analysis of the nutritional status of children and their food consumption habits, the proportion of overweight and obesity was significantly higher (p = 0.001) in children that skipped breakfast compared to children that did not. Finally, children from low socioeconomic levels were significantly more overweight and obese compared to children from high socioeconomic levels (p < 0.05). Conclusions: this is the first study to describe plasma levels of micronutrients in Chilean children and adolescents. High percentages of obesity, overweight, and vitamin D deficiency were detected in children. These results are of significant relevance to future public health policies in Chile.
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Kendel Jovanović G, Janković S, Pavičić ŽeŽelj S. The effect of nutritional and lifestyle education intervention program on nutrition knowledge, diet quality, lifestyle, and nutritional status of Croatian school children. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2023.1019849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionNutrition education during adolescence has proven effective in increasing knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the diet. The Mediterranean diet has proven health benefits and is proposed as a model of a sustainable diet that is beneficial for health and the environment. Its promotion with the educational program can have a significant effect on improvements in nutrition knowledge, diet quality, and nutritive status of adolescents for their healthy adulthood.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of the educational program on the nutrition knowledge, diet quality, lifestyle, and nutritional status of school children from the littoral part of Croatia.MethodsAn education-based intervention study was carried out on 2,709 schoolchildren aged 10–12 years (educated/control group: 2617/92). The questionnaire about sociodemographic, anthropometric, dietary, physical activity, screen time, sleep habits, and nutrition knowledge was assessed at the baseline and after a 6- to 9-month follow-up for the medium-term effect of education. Nutrition knowledge was provided after 3 weeks for the short-term education effect assessment.ResultsEducated schoolchildren achieved a significant increase in nutrition knowledge (+75.5%), expressed as a short-term effect of the education and maintained at the 6- to 9-month follow-up (+66.8%, p < 0.001). Follow-up of children significantly improved their nutritional status (underweight −56.6%, normal weight 24.8%, overweight −22.1%, and obesity −57.5%) and physical activity engagement (+13.2%). The proportion of children with a diet highly adhering to the Mediterranean diet significantly doubled (+105.0). Those children with the highest nutrition knowledge at the follow-up significantly improved their nutritional status (+218.9%), participated in organized sports (+204.7%), and had a diet that highly adhered to the MD (+291.8%).ConclusionA significantly good medium-term effect of education-based nutrition and lifestyle intervention program on nutrition knowledge, diet quality, lifestyle, and nutritional status of schoolchildren aged 10–12 years was shown. The educational program promoted a Mediterranean diet and lifestyle as a healthy and sustainable way of living, important for children's future health and wellbeing. New research-based approaches are needed for making children more aware and capable of handling the complexity of sustainable living.
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Toelsie JR, Morpurgo F, Krishnadath I, Bipat R. Obesity, overweight and hyperglycemia among primary school children in a low-middle income country with a multiethnic population. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2023; 5:100053. [PMID: 37990748 PMCID: PMC10661996 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective The number of children with cardiovascular risk factors is increasing steadily. However, limited data are available on the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and hyperglycemia among children in low-middle-income countries with multiethnic populations. Therefore, we assessed these factors in a school-based survey in Suriname, a low-middle-income country. Methods We invited pupils of 5th and 6th grade visiting the primary school to participate in this survey. We used a questionnaire and face to face interviews, and conducted measurements to collect data on biological factors (ethnicity, sex, length, weight, waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose levels), behavior (frequency of physical activity, breakfast, bedtime, screentime), consumption (fruit and vegetables, snack, dairy products) and social factors (parental education, living area). Results Overall, the percentage of children with overweight was 13.9%, obesity 13.3% and for elevated fasting blood glucose level (> 6 mmol/L) 4.5%. In the investigated group of individuals, obesity and overweight were associated with sex (girls showed a lower OR of 0.54 [95%CI: 0.39-0.75] for obesity), ethnicity (Javanese 2.1, 1.5-3.0 for overweight and 5.0, 3.1-8.2 for obesity, Maroon 2.2, 1.2-4.1 and Mixed ethnicity 1.7, 1.1-2.6, for obesity compared to Hindustani), behavior (Skip Breakfast: 1.4, 1.2-1.7, physical activity: 0.8, 0.7-0.9) and maternal education level (high 1.7, 1.0-2.7). Children with elevated fasting blood glucose levels showed an association with obesity (1.8, 1.2-2.7) and waist circumference (1.02, 1.01-1.03). Conclusion The results show that there is a high prevalence for overweight, obesity and elevated fasting blood glucose among children in Suriname. Furthermore, during childhood ethnicity is associated with obesity and overweight. We suggest that the modifiable risk factors such as BMI, WC, behavior, consumption are interesting for early intervention in children in a developing country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry R. Toelsie
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | | | - Ingrid Krishnadath
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Robbert Bipat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
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Smith EK, Lewis R, Buchholz AC, Haines J, Ma DWL, Duncan AM. Breakfast Quality of Preschool-aged Canadian Children. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2023; 84:58-61. [PMID: 36004742 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2022-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the breakfast quality of preschool-aged children through a comparison of their energy and nutrient intakes at breakfast to published benchmarks for a balanced breakfast.Methods: Dietary data were collected for 163 children aged 3-5 years enrolled in the Guelph Family Health Study using one parent-reported online 24-hour recall and analyzed for energy and nutrient intakes. Breakfast quality was assessed by tallying the frequency of participants whose nutrient and energy intakes at their breakfast meal met the recommendations for a balanced breakfast established by the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IRBI).Results: Almost all participants (98%) consumed breakfast, and most participants (82.5%) met the energy IRBI recommendation. However, the majority of participants did not meet the IRBI recommendations for breakfast intakes of most macronutrients and micronutrients. In particular, fewer than 25% of participants met the IRBI recommendations for breakfast intakes of dietary fibre, niacin, folate, vitamin C, calcium, potassium and zinc.Conclusions: Almost all preschool-aged children in this study consumed breakfast, but the nutritional quality of their breakfast did not meet recommendations for most nutrients. These results can inform nutrition education and intervention programs for children that aim to improve the nutritional quality of breakfast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin K Smith
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - Rebecca Lewis
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - Andrea C Buchholz
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - David W L Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON
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Lu Y. Impacts of parental breakfast consumption literacy on children's home breakfast consumption. Nutr Health 2023:2601060231159943. [PMID: 36823982 DOI: 10.1177/02601060231159943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Aim: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between parental breakfast consumption literacy and their children's home breakfast consumption. Methods: This study, employing a cross-sectional design, conducted in September 2021, consisted of a total of 275 children aged 6-7 years and 275 parents. One-way analysis of variance and independent-sample t-test were applied to compare children's home breakfast consumption amongst sub-groups. The relationship between parental breakfast consumption literacy and children's home breakfast consumption was assessed utilising multiple linear regression models controlling for socio-demographic factors. All data were analysed by the software of R Commander. Results: Parents with inadequate breakfast consumption literacy had less children's home breakfast consumption (p = 0.006), such relationship (p = 0.002, 95% CI: 4.76-7.65) had significance controlling for socio-demographic factors. Living in urban areas (p = 0.006, 95% CI: 6.43-9.92), parental unemployment (p = 0.004, 95% CI: 5.47-9.43), and low parental educational level (p = 0.005, 95% CI: 2.34-4.76) were significantly associated with less children's home breakfast consumption. Conclusion: Adequate parental breakfast consumption literacy was associated with more children's home breakfast consumption. Parental-based health education interventions show promise in promoting home breakfast consumption in the family setting. Residential status, parental level of education, and parental employment were associated with children's home breakfast consumption. Future research should understand more about the experiences and contexts of children's home breakfast consumption within the family environments, with a focus on employing qualitative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Lu
- 1974The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Prevalence of Breakfast Skippers among Tunisian Preschool and School Children and Association with Weight Status: A Cross-Sectional Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020392. [PMID: 36832521 PMCID: PMC9954857 DOI: 10.3390/children10020392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Breakfast is considered the most important meal of the day. This study aimed to assess breakfast frequency and quality in Tunisian children and to determine the relationship between breakfast skipping and the weight status of the children. A total of 1200 preschool and school children aged 3 to 9 years were randomly selected under a cross-sectional design. Breakfast habits and socio-economic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. Participants who consumed breakfast less than five times the previous week were categorized as breakfast skippers. The other breakfast consumers were considered as non-skippers. The overall prevalence of breakfast skipping in Tunisian children was 8.3% and 83% of them consumed breakfast all the weekdays. At least two out of three children had a poor breakfast quality. Only 1% of children consumed breakfast in accordance with the composition guidelines. No relationships between breakfast skipping and weight status were detected in this study after adjustment for age, sex and all socio-economic factors (OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.72-1.89, p = 0.541). Further school-based interventions should be implemented to improve breakfast quality and to promote a healthy weight in Tunisian children.
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Hampl SE, Hassink SG, Skinner AC, Armstrong SC, Barlow SE, Bolling CF, Avila Edwards KC, Eneli I, Hamre R, Joseph MM, Lunsford D, Mendonca E, Michalsky MP, Mirza N, Ochoa ER, Sharifi M, Staiano AE, Weedn AE, Flinn SK, Lindros J, Okechukwu K. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Obesity. Pediatrics 2023; 151:e2022060640. [PMID: 36622115 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-060640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 292.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Romanenko E, Homer J, Fismen AS, Rutter H, Lien N. Assessing policies to reduce adolescent overweight and obesity: Insights from a system dynamics model using data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children study. Obes Rev 2023; 24 Suppl 1:e13519. [PMID: 36416189 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescent overweight and obesity (AdOWOB) in Europe has proven to be a persistent and complex problem, and appropriate systems methods may help in evaluating potential policy options. This paper describes the development of a system dynamics model of AdOWOB as part of the EU-funded CO-CREATE project. The model was developed using literature and data from the Health Behavior in School-Aged Children (HBSC) study across 31 European countries. We identified 10 HBSC variables that were included as direct or indirect drivers of AdOWOB in the dynamic model, seven at the level of the individual, and three related to the social environment. The model was calibrated to 24 separate cases based on four gender and perceived wealth segments for each of the five CO-CREATE countries (The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, and the UK) and for Europe overall. Out of 10 possible intervention points tested, exercise, fruit, life dissatisfaction, school pressure, and skipping breakfast were identified as the top five most influential ones across the 24 cases. These model-based priorities can be compared with the policy ideas suggested by the CO-CREATE adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Romanenko
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jack Homer
- Homer Consulting and MIT Research Affiliate, Barrytown, New York, USA
| | - Anne-Siri Fismen
- Department of Health Promotion, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway.,Center for Evaluation of Public Health Measures, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway
| | - Harry Rutter
- Department of Social and Policy Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Nanna Lien
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Martin CL, McMorris BJ, Eisenberg ME, Sieving RE, Porta CM, Mathiason MA, Espinoza SM, Cespedes YA, Fulkerson JA. Weight Status Among Minnesota Hispanic or Latino/a Youth: An Exploration of Protective Factors. Am J Health Promot 2023; 37:177-188. [PMID: 35968666 DOI: 10.1177/08901171221120912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Pediatric obesity disproportionately impacts Hispanic or Latino/a adolescents. Culturally appropriate family-based behavioral initiatives to improve weight status are warranted. The purpose of this research was to determine prevalence rates and identify protective factors associated with having overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥ 85th percentile) to inform Hispanic or Latino/a-targeted behavioral intervention development. DESIGN Secondary data analyses of a population-based statewide survey. SETTING Minnesota public high schools. PARTICIPANTS Male (n = 2,644) and female (n = 2,798) Hispanic or Latino/a 9th and 11th graders (N = 5,442). MEASURES Obesity-related behaviors (meeting fruit and vegetable [F&V] and physical activity [PA] recommendations), family caring, family country/region of origin, and weight status. ANALYSIS Stepwise logistic regression models (F&V, PA), stratified by biological sex, were used to identify protective factors of overweight/obesity. RESULTS The overall prevalence of meeting F&V and PA recommendations was 11.0% and 11.8%, respectively. Meeting F&V recommendations was not protective against overweight/obesity in either sex. Yet, males and females who met PA recommendations had significantly lower odds of having overweight/obesity (p < .05). In F&V and PA models, family caring was protective against overweight/obesity in females (p < .05), and family country/region of origin was protective against overweight/obesity in both sexes (p < .05). CONCLUSION Findings illustrate a need for obesity prevention initiatives for Hispanic or Latino/a youth. More research is needed to understand the protective nature of family caring and country/region of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie L Martin
- School of Nursing, 16123University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Marla E Eisenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, 12269University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Renee E Sieving
- School of Nursing, 16123University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Carolyn M Porta
- School of Nursing, 16123University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah M Espinoza
- Department of Pediatrics, 12269University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Jayne A Fulkerson
- School of Nursing, 16123University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Wild H, Baek Y, Shah S, Gasevic D, Owen A. The socioecological correlates of meal skipping in community-dwelling older adults: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:168-179. [PMID: 35913413 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Meal skipping may contribute to nutrient deficiency across the lifespan. Multiple socioecological factors have been identified as correlates of meal skipping in adolescents and adults, but evidence in older adults is limited. OBJECTIVE To determine the socioecological correlates of meal skipping in community-dwelling older adults. DATA SOURCE Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and MEDLINE electronic databases were systematically searched from inception to March 2021. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 473 original research studies on socioecological factors and meal skipping among community-dwelling adults aged ≥65 years were identified. Title, abstract, and full-text review was performed by 2 reviewers independently, and a third reviewer resolved disagreements. A total of 23 studies met our inclusion criteria. Data were extracted by 1 reviewer from these studies and independently verified by another. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess methodological quality. DATA ANALYSIS The frequency of meal skipping in included studies ranged between 2.1% and 61%. This review identified 5 domains of socioecological correlates associated with meal skipping in older adults: sociodemographic, behavioral, biomedical, psychological, and social. CONCLUSION Understanding the factors associated with meal skipping in older adults can inform the development of targeted interventions to improve nutrition and health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021249338.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Wild
- are with the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yeji Baek
- are with the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shivangi Shah
- are with the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Danijela Gasevic
- are with the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,with the Centre for Global Health, The Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alice Owen
- are with the School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Salas-González MD, Lozano-Estevan MDC, Aparicio A, Bermejo LM, Loria-Kohen V, Ortega RM, López-Sobaler AM. Breakfast Quality and Insulin Resistance in Spanish Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:1181. [PMID: 36673935 PMCID: PMC9859171 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Breakfast has traditionally been considered one of the most important meals of the day; however, there is little evidence for the influence of breakfast quality and insulin resistance (IR). This study aimed to assess the quality of breakfast in a group of schoolchildren, and its association with IR. Methods: A cross-sectional study with 852 children (8−13 years) was carried out. Fasting plasma glucose, insulin and anthropometric parameters were measured. A three-day dietary record was used to assess their diet and to calculate the Breakfast Quality Index (BQI). The sample was divided into tertiles according to the BQI (tertile 3: better breakfast quality). The homeostatic model was used to assess insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and IR was defined as HOMA-IR > 3.16. Results: The prevalence of IR was 5.2%. The mean BQI score was 4.50 ± 1.25, and boys had lower scores than girls. Children in the BQI tertile 3 had a better global diet quality. In boys, being in the BQI tertile 3 was associated with a lower risk of IR (OR [95% CI]: 0.10 [0.01−0.77], p < 0.05). Conclusions: A higher-quality breakfast was associated with better overall diet quality and a lower risk of IR, especially in boys.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Salas-González
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - María del Carmen Lozano-Estevan
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Aránzazu Aparicio
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M. Bermejo
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Viviana Loria-Kohen
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Ortega
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana M. López-Sobaler
- VALORNUT Research Group, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- IdISSC, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Kamkuemah M, Gausi B, Oni T, Middelkoop K. Multilevel correlates of abdominal obesity in adolescents and youth living with HIV in peri-urban Cape Town, South Africa. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0266637. [PMID: 36693111 PMCID: PMC9873196 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic non-communicable disease comorbidities are a major problem faced by people living with HIV (PLHIV). Obesity is an important factor contributing to such comorbidities and PLHIV face an elevated risk of obesity. However, there is data paucity on the intersection of obesity and HIV in adolescents and youth living with HIV (AYLHIV) in sub-Saharan Africa. We therefore aimed to investigate the prevalence of abdominal obesity and associated multilevel factors in AYLHIV in peri-urban Cape Town, South Africa. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study enrolling AYLHIV aged 15-24 years attending primary healthcare facilities in peri-urban Cape Town in 2019. All measures, except for physical examination measures, were obtained via self-report using a self-administered electronic form. Our outcome of interest was abdominal obesity (waist-to-height ratio ≥ 0.5). We collected individual-level data and data on community, built and food environment factors. Data was summarized using descriptive statistics, stratified by obesity status. Multilevel logistic regression was conducted to investigate factors associated with abdominal obesity, adjusted for sex and age. FINDINGS A total of 87 participants were interviewed, 76% were female and the median age was 20.7 (IQR 18.9-23.0) years. More than two fifths had abdominal obesity (41%; 95% CI: 31.0-51.7%), compared to published rates for young people in the general population (13.7-22.1%). In multilevel models, skipping breakfast (aOR = 5.42; 95% CI: 1.32-22.25) was associated with higher odds of abdominal obesity, while daily wholegrain consumption (aOR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.71) and weekly physical activity (aOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.06-0.92) were associated with lower odds of abdominal obesity. Higher anticipated stigma was associated with reduced odds of obesity (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI: 0.33-1.00). Land-use mix diversity (aOR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.27-0.97), access to recreational places (aOR = 0.37; 95% CI: 0.18-0.74), higher perceived pedestrian and traffic safety (aOR = 0.20; 95% CI: 0.05-0.80) and having a non-fast-food restaurant within walking distance (aOR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.10-0.93) were associated with reduced odds of abdominal obesity. The main limitations of the study were low statistical power and possible reporting bias from self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a high prevalence of abdominal obesity and highlight multilevel correlates of obesity in AYLHIV in South Africa. An intersectoral approach to obesity prevention, intervening at multiple levels is necessary to intervene at this critical life stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kamkuemah
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
| | - Blessings Gausi
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tolu Oni
- Research Initiative for Cities Health and Equity (RICHE), Division of Public Health Medicine, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keren Middelkoop
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, Institute of Infectious Disease & Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Jaeger V, Koletzko B, Luque V, Ferré N, Gruszfeld D, Gradowska K, Verduci E, Zuccotti GV, Xhonneux A, Poncelet P, Grote V. Distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions in European children from 3 to 8 years of age: The EU Childhood Obesity Project Study. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:165-174. [PMID: 35930067 PMCID: PMC9899743 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-02944-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to characterize the distribution of energy and macronutrient intakes across eating occasions (EO) in European children from preschool to school age. METHODS Data from 3-day weighed food records were collected from children at ages 3, 4, 5, 6 and 8 years from Belgium, Germany, Italy, Poland and Spain. Food intakes were assigned to EO based on country-specific daytimes for breakfast, lunch, supper and snacks (morning, afternoon). The average energy and nutrient intakes were expressed as percentage of total energy intake (%E). Nutrients were additionally expressed as percentage per EO (%EEO). Foods were assigned to food groups; variation in intake was calculated via coefficient of variation (CV). We analyzed age trends in diurnal intake using mixed-effects beta regression. RESULTS The 740 healthy children included in the analysis consumed the largest proportion of daily energy at lunch (31%E ± 8, M ± SD) and supper (26%E ± 8), followed by breakfast (19%E ± 7) and snacks [afternoon (16%E ± 8); morning (8%E ± 7)], with the most variable intake at morning snack (CV = 0.9). The nutrient composition at lunch and supper was highest for fat (36 ± 9%ELunch; 39 ± 11%ESupper) and protein (18 ± 5%ELunch; 18 ± 6%ESupper) and at breakfast and snacks for carbohydrates (54 ± 12%EBreakfast; 62 ± 12%ESnacks). High-sugar content foods were consumed in relatively large proportions at breakfast and snacks. Food intakes varied significantly with age, with lower snack intakes at later ages (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Possibly unhealthy EOs with high-fat intakes and high-sugar-content foods were observed. Changes in nutrient composition of EOs may be beneficial for health. TRIAL REGISTRY ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00338689; 19/June/2006.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Jaeger
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337, Munich, Germany.
| | - Veronica Luque
- grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain ,grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Serra Hunter Fellow, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Natàlia Ferré
- grid.410367.70000 0001 2284 9230Paediatrics Research Unit, Universitat Rovira I Virgili, IISPV, Reus, Spain
| | - Dariusz Gruszfeld
- grid.413923.e0000 0001 2232 2498Neonatal Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kinga Gradowska
- grid.413923.e0000 0001 2232 2498Neonatal Department and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elvira Verduci
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Gian Vincenzo Zuccotti
- grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Paediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children’s Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annick Xhonneux
- grid.433083.f0000 0004 0608 8015Centre Hospitalier Chretien St. Vincent, Rocourt, Liège‑Rocourt, Belgium
| | - Pascale Poncelet
- grid.4989.c0000 0001 2348 0746Department of Paediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, Queen Fabiola, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Veit Grote
- grid.5252.00000 0004 1936 973XDivision of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospitals, LMU - Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Lindwurmstr. 4, 80337 Munich, Germany
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Gong WJ, Fong DYT, Wang MP, Lam TH, Chung TWH, Ho SY. Skipping Breakfast and Eating Breakfast Away From Home Were Prospectively Associated With Emotional and Behavioral Problems in 115,217 Chinese Adolescents. J Epidemiol 2022; 32:551-558. [PMID: 34148915 PMCID: PMC9643789 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20210081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breakfast is deemed the most important meal of the day. We examined the prospective associations of breakfast habits with emotional/behavioral problems in adolescents and potential effect modification. METHODS 115,217 Primary 6 students (United States Grade 6; mean age, 11.9; standard deviation [SD], 0.59 years) who attended the Student Health Service of Department of Health in Hong Kong in 2004/05, 2006/07, 2008/09 were followed till Secondary 6 (United States Grade 12). Emotional/behavioral problems were biennially examined using Youth Self-Report since Secondary 2 (United States Grade 8). Lifestyles were biennially examined using standardized questionnaires since Primary 6. Prospective associations of breakfast habit with emotional/behavioral problems and potential effect modification were examined using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Compared with eating breakfast at home, eating breakfast away from home was significantly associated with total emotional/behavioral problems and seven syndromes, including withdrawal, somatic complaints, anxiety/depression, thought problems, attention problems, delinquent behaviors, and aggressive behaviors (adjusted odds ratios [AORs] 1.22-2.04), while skipping breakfast showed stronger associations with the above problems and social problems (AORs 1.34-2.29). Stronger associations were observed in younger students for total and attention problems (P < 0.03) and in those with lower weight status for delinquent behaviors (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION Eating breakfast away from home and especially skipping breakfast were prospectively associated with adolescent emotional/behavioral problems. The associations weakened with increasing age for total emotional/behavioral and attention problems, and weakened with higher weight status for delinquent behaviors, highlighting the vulnerability of younger and underweight children. If the associations are causal, increasing home breakfast may reduce adolescent emotional/behavioral problems and benefit psychosocial health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Gong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China,School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daniel Yee-Tak Fong
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Ping Wang
- School of Nursing, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tai-Hing Lam
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Sai-Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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The importance of eating patterns for health-related quality of life among children aged 10-11 years in Alberta of Canada. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20885. [PMID: 36463245 PMCID: PMC9719497 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23707-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with unhealthy eating behaviours are more likely to experience poor physical and mental health. Few studies have investigated the importance of eating patterns for health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among children. This study aimed to identify common eating patterns, and their associations with HRQoL among Canadian children. Data were collected from 9150 grade five students (aged 10-11 years) in repeat cross-sectional population-based surveys in Alberta, Canada. Students' eating behaviours were analyzed using latent class analysis to identify the eating patterns. We applied multilevel multivariable logistic regression to examine the association of the eating patterns with HRQoL. We identified three groups of children with distinct eating patterns: eating healthy (52%), less healthy (31%) and unhealthy (17%). The first group had a higher proportion of students engaged in healthy eating behaviours. The unhealthy pattern group (third group) included a higher proportion of students with poor eating behaviours. Students' eating behaviours in the second group were healthier than the third group but less healthy than the first group. Children with unhealthy and less healthy patterns were more likely to experience lower HRQoL than children with the healthy pattern. Health promotion programs effective in improving healthy eating patterns may not only reduce the risk for chronic diseases in the long term, but also improve the HRQoL in the short term.
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Giménez-Legarre N, Santaliestra-Pasías AM, De Henauw S, Forsner M, González-Gross M, Jurado-Fasoli L, Kafatos A, Karaglani E, Lambrinou CP, Molnár D, Sjöström M, Widhalm K, Moreno LA. Breakfast consumption and its relationship with diet quality and adherence to Mediterranean diet in European adolescents: the HELENA study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1690-1696. [PMID: 35927503 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01177-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the current study is to analyze the associations between breakfast consumption and adherence to diet quality index (DQI) and Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS) in European adolescents. METHODS A multinational cross-sectional study was carried out in 1804 adolescents aged 12.5-17.5 years. The Food Choices and Preferences questionnaire was used to ascertain breakfast consumption (consumers, occasional consumers and skippers), and two non-consecutive 24 h dietary recalls were used to estimate the total daily intake and to calculate the subsequent DQI and MDS. Mixed linear regression models were used to examine the relationship between breakfast consumption and DQI-A and MDS. Age, maternal education, BMI, country and total energy intake were included as covariates. RESULTS In both sexes, significant differences were observed among the breakfast consumption categories. In both boys and girls, breakfast consumers had significantly higher DQI indices than those adolescents who skipped breakfast regularly (p < 0.001). Regarding total MDS, in both boys and girls, breakfast consumers had a higher total MDS than breakfast skippers (p < 0.001), however, no associations were shown between occasional breakfast consumers and DQI indices and MDS. CONCLUSION Breakfast consumption has been linked with better dietary quality scores compared with those children who usually skip breakfast. Promotion of regular breakfast consumption in adolescents could be an effective strategy to improve the overall diet quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Giménez-Legarre
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Alba M Santaliestra-Pasías
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Maria Forsner
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences-Nutritional Physiology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Lucas Jurado-Fasoli
- Department of Medical Physiology. School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- PROmoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Eva Karaglani
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina-Paulina Lambrinou
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Unit for Preventive Nutrition, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition at NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Dept. Med II, MedUniv Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud, Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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49
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Chen S, Zhang X, Du W, Fan L, Zhang F. Association of insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast with overweight/obesity in children and adolescents: Findings from a cross-sectional provincial surveillance project in Jiangsu. Pediatr Obes 2022; 17:e12950. [PMID: 35699198 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast are very common phenomena in China and have been proposed as possible causes of overweight/obesity, but the results of former studies remain inconsistent. OBJECTIVE To investigate the individual and joint association of insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast with overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Jiangsu Province, China. METHODS Participants were 36 849 students aged 8-17 years from the 2019-2020 project "Surveillance for common disease and health risk factors among students." Self-reported insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast were ascertained by self-reported sleep duration and breakfast habit. Overweight/obesity was assessed according to the gender- and age-specific body mass index. We used logistic regression models to explore the association of sleep and breakfast with overweight/obesity, and stratification analyses to test age or gender differences. RESULTS The overall prevalence of overweight/obesity was 33.2%. Insufficient sleep (OR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03-1.16) or skipping breakfast (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07-1.21) was associated with overweight/obesity. Compared to participants with 'sufficient sleep and breakfast', ORs were 1.25 (95% CI = 1.15-1.35) for those with 'both insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast'. The separate and joint association of sleep and breakfast with overweight/obesity remained generally consistent across different age and gender subgroups, except that the 8-12-year-olds group and female students appear more susceptible. CONCLUSIONS Insufficient sleep and skipping breakfast were jointly associated with overweight/obesity in children and adolescents. Appropriate attention should be paid to these modifiable behaviours including sleep and breakfast in the context of the rapidly growing obesity epidemic among children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Chen
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiyan Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Du
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lijun Fan
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengyun Zhang
- Department of Child and Adolescent Health Promotion, Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China
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50
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Silva PASD, Froelich M, Rodrigues PRM, Souza BDSND, Gorgulho B, Moreira NF, Muraro AP. Skipping breakfast associated with socioeconomic and lifestyle factors in Brazilian adolescents. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2022; 27:4051-4062. [PMID: 36134810 DOI: 10.1590/1413-812320222710.04702022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is to estimate the prevalence and evaluate the association of socioeconomic and lifestyle factors with skipping breakfast among Brazilian adolescent students. A cross-sectional study carried out with adolescent ninth-graders from Brazilian public and private schools participating in the 2015 National School Health Survey. The prevalence of skipping breakfast (less than five days/week) and its respective 95% confidence intervals were estimated and stratified by gender according to demographic, socioeconomic, and lifestyle factors, self-perceived body image, and attitudes towards weight. A three-block hierarchical Poisson regression, considering the complex sample design. The prevalence of skipping breakfast was 35.6%, higher among girls than boys. In both genders, skipping breakfast was positively associated with the highest socioeconomic level, morning school shift, paid work, regular consumption of alcoholic beverages, living only with the mother, the father or neither, the irregular consumption of school food and meals with parents, considering oneself too fat/fat and trying to lose weight. In general, skipping breakfast was associated with socioeconomic factors and lifestyle behaviors harmful to health among adolescent students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poliana Azevedo Santos da Silva
- Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT). Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Bloco CCBS III. 78060-900 Cuiabá MT Brasil.
| | - Mendalli Froelich
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso. Juína MT Brasil
| | | | - Barbara da Silva Nalin de Souza
- Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT). Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Bloco CCBS III. 78060-900 Cuiabá MT Brasil.
| | | | | | - Ana Paula Muraro
- Instituto de Saude Coletiva, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (UFMT). Av. Fernando Correa da Costa 2367, Bairro Boa Esperança, Bloco CCBS III. 78060-900 Cuiabá MT Brasil.
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