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Wang YF, Hsu YF, Fang KT, Kuo LT. Gamification in medical education: identifying and prioritizing key elements through Delphi method. MEDICAL EDUCATION ONLINE 2024; 29:2302231. [PMID: 38194415 PMCID: PMC10778414 DOI: 10.1080/10872981.2024.2302231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gamification has gained popularity in medical education, but key elements have not been formally identified. This study aimed to generate and prioritize a list of key elements of gamification in medical education. METHODS This study utilized a two-stage approach, including the Delphi method and qualitative interview. Nineteen medical educators with expertise in gamification participated in the Delphi method stage. Experts who had more than three years of experience with gamification in medical education constituted the expert panel. The experts were then asked to rate the gamification elements using the Likert five-point scale through at least two consensus-seeking rounds. Consensus for key elements was predefined as ≥ 51% of respondents rating an element as 'important' or"very important." In the qualitative interview stage, 10 experts provided feedback on the application of these key gamification elements. RESULTS Eighteen participants (11 males and 7 females) completed the entire Delphi process for this study. After two rounds of surveys, the consensus was reached on all elements. Thirteen elements scored more than 4 points (37%) and reached the criteria of key elements of gamification in medical education. The top five key elements were integration with instruction objectives, game rules, rapid feedback, fairness, and points/scoring. The thirteen key elements for successful gamification in medical education were further organized into two main categories: (1) gamification design principles and (2) game mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Integration with educational objectives, gamification in curriculum design and teaching methods, and balancing between the mechanisms and principles were the three key components for successful gamification. This study explored the gamification key elements, providing practical tips for medical educators in their efforts to gamify medical education. Future studies involving learners could be performed to examine the efficacy of these key elements in gamification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Fu Wang
- Department of Information Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Fang Hsu
- Department of Long-term Care and Health Promotion, Min-Hwei Junior College of Health Care Management, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kwo-Ting Fang
- Department of Information Management, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Tseng Kuo
- Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Villanueva P, McDonald E, Croda J, Croda MG, Dalcolmo M, dos Santos G, Jardim B, Lacerda M, Lynn DJ, Marshall H, Oliveira RD, Rocha J, Sawka A, Val F, Pittet LF, Messina NL, Curtis N. Factors influencing adverse events following COVID-19 vaccination. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2323853. [PMID: 38445666 PMCID: PMC10936640 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2323853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Various novel platform technologies have been used for the development of COVID-19 vaccines. In this nested cohort study among healthcare workers in Australia and Brazil who received three different COVID-19-specific vaccines, we (a) evaluated the incidence of adverse events following immunization (AEFI); (b) compared AEFI by vaccine type, dose and country; (c) identified factors influencing the incidence of AEFI; and (d) assessed the association between reactogenicity and vaccine anti-spike IgG antibody responses. Of 1302 participants who received homologous 2-dose regimens of ChAdOx1-S (Oxford-AstraZeneca), BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or CoronaVac (Sinovac), 1219 (94%) completed vaccine reaction questionnaires. Following the first vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in ChAdOx1-S recipients (374/806, 46%) compared with BNT162b2 (55/151, 36%; p = 0.02) or CoronaVac (26/262, 10%; p < 0.001) recipients. After the second vaccine dose, the incidence of any systemic reaction was higher in BNT162b2 recipients (66/151, 44%) compared with ChAdOx1-S (164/806, 20%; p < 0.001) or CoronaVac (23/262, 9%; p < 0.001) recipients. AEFI risk was higher in younger participants, females, participants in Australia, and varied by vaccine type and dose. Prior COVID-19 did not impact the risk of AEFI. Participants in Australia compared with Brazil reported a higher incidence of any local reaction (170/231, 74% vs 222/726, 31%, p < 0.001) and any systemic reaction (171/231, 74% vs 328/726, 45%, p < 0.001), regardless of vaccine type. Following a primary course of ChAdOx1-S or CoronaVac vaccination, participants who did not report AEFI seroconverted at a similar rate to those who reported local or systemic reactions. In conclusion, we found that the incidence of AEFI was influenced by participant age and COVID-19 vaccine type, and differed between participants in Australia and Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Villanueva
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ellie McDonald
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Julio Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
- Fiocruz Mato Grosso do Sul, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Mariana Garcia Croda
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Margareth Dalcolmo
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Glauce dos Santos
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno Jardim
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Marcus Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | - David J. Lynn
- Precision Medicine Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA, Australia
| | - Helen Marshall
- Robinson Research Institute and Adelaide Medical School, The University of Adelaide and Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Roberto D. Oliveira
- Nursing Course, State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Dourados, MS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Jorge Rocha
- Helio Fraga Reference Center, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alice Sawka
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- University of Adelaide Medical School, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Fernando Val
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
- Carlos Borborema Clinical Research Unit, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Laure F. Pittet
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicole L. Messina
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infection, Immunity & Global Health, Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Infectious Diseases, Royal Children’s Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Dube E, Trottier ME, Greyson D, MacDonald NE, Meyer SB, MacDonald SE, Driedger SM, Witteman HO, Ouakki M, Gagnon D. Use of narratives to enhance childhood vaccine acceptance: Results of an online experiment among Canadian parents. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2024; 20:2379093. [PMID: 39044701 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2024.2379093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Identifying effective interventions to promote children's vaccination acceptance is crucial for the health and wellbeing of communities. Many interventions can be implemented to increase parental awareness of the benefits of vaccination and positively influence their confidence in vaccines and vaccination services. One potential approach is using narratives as an intervention. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a narrative-based intervention on parents' attitudes and vaccination intentions. In a pre-post experiment, 2,000 parents of young children recruited from an online pan-Canadian panel were randomly exposed to one of the three videos presenting narratives to promote childhood vaccination or a control condition video about the importance and benefits of physical activity in children. Pre-post measures reveal a relatively modest but positive impact of the narratives on parents' attitudes and intention to vaccinate their child(ren). The results also suggest that narratives with more emotional content may be more effective in positively influencing vaccine attitudes than the more factual narrative. Using narratives to promote vaccination can positively influence parents' views and intentions toward childhood vaccines, but research is still required to identify the best components of such interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Dube
- Department of Anthropology, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Eve Trottier
- Department of Biohazard, Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Devon Greyson
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Noni E MacDonald
- Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Samantha B Meyer
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shannon E MacDonald
- Faculty of Nursing, University, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - S Michelle Driedger
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Holly O Witteman
- Department of Family Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Manale Ouakki
- Department of Biohazard, Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Dominique Gagnon
- Department of Biohazard, Quebec National Institute of Public Health, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Diamond-Smith N, Baer RJ, Jelliffe-Pawlowski L. Impact of being underweight before pregnancy on preterm birth by race/ethnicity and insurance status in California: an analysis of birth records. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2024; 37:2321486. [PMID: 38433400 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2024.2321486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The US still has a high burden of preterm birth (PTB), with important disparities by race/ethnicity and poverty status. There is a large body of literature looking at the impact of pre-pregnancy obesity on PTB, but fewer studies have explored the association between underweight status on PTB, especially with a lens toward health disparities. Furthermore, little is known about how weight, specifically pre-pregnancy underweight status, and socio-economic-demographic factors such as race/ethnicity and insurance status, interact with each other to contribute to risks of PTB. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to measure the association between pre-pregnancy underweight and PTB and small for gestational age (SGA) among a large sample of births in the US. Our secondary objective was to see if underweight status and two markers of health disparities - race/ethnicity and insurance status (public vs. other) - on PTB. STUDY DESIGN We used data from all births in California from 2011 to 2017, which resulted in 3,070,241 singleton births with linked hospital discharge records. We ran regression models to estimate the relative risk of PTB by underweight status, by race/ethnicity, and by poverty (Medi-cal status). We then looked at the interaction between underweight status and race/ethnicity and underweight and poverty on PTB. RESULTS Black and Asian women were more likely to be underweight (aRR = 1.0, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.1 and aRR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.4, 1.5, respectively), and Latina women were less likely to be underweight (aRR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.7, 0.7). Being underweight was associated with increased odds of PTB (aRR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.3-1.3) and, after controlling for underweight, all nonwhite race/ethnic groups had increased odds of PTB compared to white women. In interaction models, the combined effect of being both underweight and Black, Indigenous and People of Color (BIPOC) statistically significantly reduced the relative risk of PTB (aRR = 0.9, 95% CI: 0.8, 0.9) and SGA (aRR = 1.0, 95% CI: 0.9, 1.0). The combined effect of being both underweight and on public insurance increased the relative risk of PTB (aRR = 1.1, 95% CI: 1.1, 1.2) but there was no additional effect of being both underweight and on public insurance on SGA (aRR = 1.0, 95% CI: 1.0, 1.0). CONCLUSIONS We confirm and build upon previous findings that being underweight preconception is associated with increased risk of PTB and SGA - a fact often overlooked in the focus on overweight and adverse birth outcomes. Additionally, our findings suggest that the effect of being underweight on PTB and SGA differs by race/ethnicity and by insurance status, emphasizing that other factors related to inequities in access to health care and poverty are contributing to disparities in PTB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Diamond-Smith
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca J Baer
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Donovan EE, Shaffer A, Kaiser E, Quaack K, Mackert M, Shi W, De Luca D. Development and refinement of a communication guide to help young adults in Texas reconnect and reduce loneliness. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 4:100246. [PMID: 38145251 PMCID: PMC10733666 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2023.100246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Objective Loneliness among young people is a contemporary public health crisis exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic. The present research examined the development of a modest yet meaningful health communication intervention resource that would become an asset in a larger health campaign: a communication guide aimed at helping young people reach out and reconnect with others. Methods Study One established the need for a loneliness intervention in Texas with survey data (N = 795). A communication guide was developed based on research and theory. Study Two employed focus group interviews with potential audience members (N = 31) to critically assess and inform revisions to the communication guide. Results Study One results indicated that a substantial proportion of young adult Texans felt as though their social connection had decreased and their loneliness had increased since the onset of the pandemic. Themes in focus group responses from Study Two suggested several strengths of the communication guide and some opportunities for revision. Conclusion A communication guide with tips for reconnecting could be a valuable tool to empower young people and promote social connection. Innovation This study involved the development and refinement of a new communication resource that was informed by a priority audience of a major health communication campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E. Donovan
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Center for Health Communication, Moody College of Communication & Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Audrey Shaffer
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Emily Kaiser
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karly Quaack
- Department of Communication Studies, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Michael Mackert
- Center for Health Communication, Moody College of Communication & Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Stan Richards School of Advertising & Public Relations, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Weijia Shi
- Center for Health Communication, Moody College of Communication & Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Daniela De Luca
- Stan Richards School of Advertising & Public Relations, Moody College of Communication, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Zhu F, Xu Q, Huang L, Zhu J, Huang L, Zhang Y. Effects of growth hormone therapy on the onset and progression of pubertal development in girls with idiopathic short stature. Gynecol Endocrinol 2024; 40:2358227. [PMID: 38807420 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2024.2358227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore the impact of growth hormone (GH) therapy on the onset and progression of puberty in girls with idiopathic short stature. METHODS This study included 541 girls aged between 4.5 and 10.6 years who were receiving GH treatment, monitored over a 22-year follow-up period. Of these, 126 girls have been followed up to the onset of menarche. The participants were divided into two groups: a ISS control group (n = 66) and a group receiving daily GH treatment at a dose of 0.15 iu/kg (n = 60). We assessed the pubertal development and GH usage of these girls every three months. RESULTS (1) There was no significant difference in the onset of puberty between the growth hormone (GH) treatment group and the control group; however, the average duration of puberty was longer in the treatment group compared to the control group. (2) During puberty, there were no significant differences in height growth between the treated and untreated groups. (3) The duration of GH treatment showed a significant negative correlation with the age at onset of gonadal development and the age at menarche in females within the treatment group. CONCLUSION GH treatment does not seem to accelerate the onset of puberty but may extend its duration, without significantly impacting height growth during puberty. Additionally, longer GH treatment duration is linked to earlier gonadal development and menarche in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingxiao Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jieqian Zhu
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lina Huang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Child Healthcare, Wenzhou People's Hospital/Wenzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital/The Third Clinical Institute Affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kostenius C, Lindstrom F, Potts C, Pekkari N. Young peoples' reflections about using a chatbot to promote their mental wellbeing in northern periphery areas - a qualitative study. Int J Circumpolar Health 2024; 83:2369349. [PMID: 38912845 PMCID: PMC11198148 DOI: 10.1080/22423982.2024.2369349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
An international research collaboration with researchers from northern Sweden, Finland, Ireland, Northern Ireland, Scotland and developed the ChatPal chatbot to explore the possibility of a multilingual chatbot to promote mental wellbeing in people of all ages. In Sweden the end users were young people. The aim of the current study was to explore and discuss Swedish young peoples' experiences of using a chatbot designed to promote their mental wellbeing. Young people aged 15-19 filled out an open-ended survey giving feedback on the ChatPal chatbot and their suggestions on improvements. A total of 122 survey responses were analysed. The qualitative content analysis of the survey responses resulted in three themes each containing two to three sub-themes. Theme 1, feeling as if someone is there when needed, which highlighted positive aspects regarding availability and accessibility. Theme 2, human-robot interaction has its limitations, which included aspects such as unnatural and impersonal conversations and limited content availability. Theme 3, usability can be improved, given technical errors due to lack of internet connection and difficulty navigating the chatbot were brought up as issues. The findings are discussed, and potential implications are offered for those designing and developing digital mental health technologies for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frida Lindstrom
- Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | | | - Niklas Pekkari
- Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
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Baris HE, Us MC, Boran P. Turkish adaptation of the maternal cognition about infant sleep questionnaire. Sleep Med X 2024; 7:100102. [PMID: 38268570 PMCID: PMC10805934 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleepx.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Exploring early childhood sleep problems requires a detailed understanding of parental beliefs and cognitions related to infant sleep. There is a need for validated measures to investigate the cognitions of Turkish mothers about infant sleep however no scale measuring parental perceptions related to infant sleep behaviors in Turkish is available. We aimed to culturally adapt the Maternal Cognitions about Infant Sleep Questionnaire (MCISQ) in Turkish. Methods Subjects were recruited from an internet sample through social media. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha, and test-retest reliability was determined by Pearson's correlation test and paired t-test. For factorial validity, the principal component factor analysis was performed for the components of MCISQ. Results A total of 417 mothers, most aged between 25 and 29 years (47.8 %), participated in the study. Infants' age ranged between 6 and 18 months, with a mean of 10.5 ± 3.9 months. Factor analysis revealed four factors after removal of item 11: Anger, doubt, safety, limit setting. Cronbach's alpha was 0.85. A subgroup of 32 mothers completed MCISQ three weeks after the initial administration. Total mean scores showed a significantly strong correlation (p:<0.01, r:0.82). Higher scores were noted in both total and subscale scores in infants with maternally reported sleep problems (p:<0.01). Conclusion Findings suggest a four-factor solution for MCISQ in Turkish mothers with infants aged 6-18 months. The adapted Turkish version is composed of 19 items with good reliability. Factor structure and items included in the subscales differed from the original study, highlighting the cultural factors related to maternal perceptions about infant sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Ezgi Baris
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Social Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
- Marmara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Caner Us
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Social Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
- Marmara University, Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Perran Boran
- Marmara University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Social Pediatrics, Istanbul, Turkey
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Carlsson IM, Bräutigam Ewe M, Nymberg P, Jormfeldt H. Building up bit by bit, parent's experiences of equine-assisted intervention among children and adolescents with mental illness: a grounded theory study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2354945. [PMID: 38758980 PMCID: PMC11104696 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2354945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental ill health among children and adolescents has increased worldwide. Mental health difficulties from a young age are associated with school absence and educational underachievement. A holistic perspective of treatments besides medical treatment is essential Thus, there is a need for research regarding equine-assisted intervention (EAI). PURPOSE The present study aimed to understand the outcomes of an equine-assisted intervention for children and adolescents with mental ill health from the perspectives of parents and close relatives. METHODS This study used a qualitative research design informed by Charmaz's Grounded Theory, with a purposive sample including six in-depth interviews. RESULTS The theory "building up bit by bit" was constructed, explaining the recognition that their children/adolescents were built up bit by bit and created a stronger self-identity. The participants referred to changes in the child's or adolescent's way of being and emotional regulation, which constituted building blocks leading to the child's or adolescent's 1. increased Harmony. 2. enhanced Self-identity, and 3. improved Capability. CONCLUSION Parents and close relatives experienced that their child or adolescent was built up bit by bit and gained a stronger foundation to stand on. This led to increased harmony in everyday life with stronger self-worth, better performance, and reduced school absenteeism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Peter Nymberg
- School of Health and Welfare, Halmstad University, Halmstad, Sweden
- Center for Primary Health Care Research, Region Skåne: Helsingborg/Malmö, Skåne, Sweden
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González-Moret R, Cebolla-Martí A, Almodóvar-Fernández I, Navarrete J, García-Esparza Á, Soria JM, Lisón JF. Inflammatory biomarkers and psychological variables to assess quality of life in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a cross-sectional study. Ann Med 2024; 56:2357738. [PMID: 38819080 PMCID: PMC11146243 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2357738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal condition. While inflammatory biomarkers are valuable for diagnosing and monitoring the disease, their correlation with patients' quality of life (QoL) is not well-established. PURPOSE This study aims to investigate the correlations between inflammatory biomarkers and the quality of life (QoL) variables of individuals diagnosed with IBD in clinical remission. METHODS The sample of this cross-sectional study included 74 patients (80% women; 45 ± 11 years old) diagnosed with IBD. Outcome variables included faecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), cortisol levels from hair samples, and anxiety and depression assessed using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A and HADS-D, respectively), alongside QoL evaluated with the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire 32 (IBDQ-32). Bivariate correlations were calculated using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise linear regression analyses were conducted to identify independent factors contributing to IBDQ-32 scores. RESULTS The IBDQ-32 did not significantly correlate with any biomarkers. However, it exhibited a large and statistically significant negative correlation with HADS-A (r = -0.651) and HADS-D (r = -0.611) scores (p < 0.001). Stepwise linear regression analyses indicated that HADS-A was a significant and independent predictor for IBDQ-32 scores (Adjusted R2 = 0.41, β = -0.65, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Inflammatory markers such as CRP, FC, or cortisol in hair do not play a decisive role in assessing the QoL of IBD patients. These findings emphasize the significance of considering psychological factors in evaluating and managing QoL in IBD patients in order to identify severity, suggesting that instruments like HADS should be integral to comprehensive patient assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael González-Moret
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Ausias Cebolla-Martí
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
- Centre of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime Navarrete
- Teaching, Research & Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ángeles García-Esparza
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - José M. Soria
- Departament of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan F. Lisón
- Centre of Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University CEU-Cardenal Herrera, CEU Universities, Valencia, Spain
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11
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Behrendt T, Quisilima JI, Bielitzki R, Behrens M, Glazachev OS, Brigadski T, Leßmann V, Schega L. Brain-Derived neurotrophic factor and inflammatory biomarkers are unaffected by acute and chronic intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure in geriatric patients: a randomized controlled trial. Ann Med 2024; 56:2304650. [PMID: 38253008 PMCID: PMC10810628 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2304650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal and human studies have shown that exposure to hypoxia can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein transcription and reduce systematic inflammatory cytokine response. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the acute and chronic effects of intermittent hypoxic-hyperoxic exposure (IHHE) prior to aerobic exercise on BDNF, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) blood levels in geriatric patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-five geriatric patients (83.1 ± 5.0 yrs, 71.1 ± 10.0 kg, 1.8 ± 0.9 m) participated in a placebo-controlled, single-blinded trial and were randomly assigned to either an intervention (IG) or control group (CG) performing an aerobic cycling training (17 sessions, 20 min·session-1, 3 sessions·week-1). Prior to aerobic cycling exercise, the IG was additionally exposed to IHHE for 30 min, whereas the CG received continuous normoxic air. Blood samples were taken immediately before (pre-exercise) and 10 min (post-exercise) after the first session as well as 48 h (post-training) after the last session to determine serum (BDNFS) and plasma BDNF (BDNFP), IL-6, and CRP levels. Intervention effects were analyzed using a 2 x 2 analysis of covariance with repeated measures. Results were interpreted based on effect sizes with a medium effect considered as meaningful (ηp2 ≥ 0.06, d ≥ 0.5). RESULTS CRP was moderately higher (d = 0.51) in the CG compared to the IG at baseline. IHHE had no acute effect on BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.01), BDNFP (ηp2 < 0.01), BDNF serum/plasma-ratio (ηp2 < 0.01), IL-6 (ηp2 < 0.01), or CRP (ηp2 = 0.04). After the 6-week intervention, an interaction was found for BDNF serum/plasma-ratio (ηp2 = 0.06) but not for BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.04), BDNFP (ηp2 < 0.01), IL-6 (ηp2 < 0.01), or CRP (ηp2 < 0.01). BDNF serum/plasma-ratio increased from pre-exercise to post-training (d = 0.67) in the CG compared to the IG (d = 0.51). A main effect of time was found for BDNFP (ηp2 = 0.09) but not for BDNFS (ηp2 = 0.02). Within-group post-hoc analyses revealed a training-related reduction in BDNFP in the IG and CG by 46.1% (d = 0.73) and 24.7% (d = 0.57), respectively. CONCLUSION The addition of 30 min IHHE prior to 20 min aerobic cycling seems not to be effective to increase BDNFS and BDNFP or to reduce IL-6 and CRP levels in geriatric patients after a 6-week intervention.The study was retrospectively registered at drks.de (DRKS-ID: DRKS00025130).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Behrendt
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jessica Ibanez Quisilima
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robert Bielitzki
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oleg S. Glazachev
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tanja Brigadski
- Department of Informatics and Microsystem Technology, University of Applied Sciences Kaiserslautern, Zweibrücken, Germany
| | - Volkmar Leßmann
- Institute of Physiology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Medical Faculty, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Sport Science, Chair for Health and Physical Activity, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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12
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Byrne ME, Kirschner S, Harrewijn A, Abend R, Lazarov A, Liuzzi L, Kircanski K, Haller SP, Bar-Haim Y, Pine DS. Eye-tracking measurement of attention bias to social threat among youth: A replication and extension study. JOURNAL OF MOOD AND ANXIETY DISORDERS 2024; 8:100075. [PMID: 39007026 PMCID: PMC11238819 DOI: 10.1016/j.xjmad.2024.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Attentional bias to social threat cues has been linked to heightened anxiety and irritability in youth. Yet, inconsistent methodology has limited replication and led to mixed findings. The current study aims to 1) replicate and extend two previous pediatric studies demonstrating a relationship between negative affectivity and attentional bias to social threat and 2) examine the test-retest reliability of an eye-tracking paradigm among a subsample of youth. Attention allocation to negative versus non-negative emotional faces was measured using a free-viewing eye-tracking task among youth (N=185 total, 60% female, M age=13.10 years, SD age=2.77) with three face-pair conditions: happy-angry, neutral-disgust, sad-happy. Replicating procedures of two previous studies, linear mixed-effects models compared attention bias between children with anxiety disorders and healthy controls. Bifactor analysis was used to parse shared versus unique facets of general negative affectivity (i.e., anxiety, irritability), which were then examined in relation to attention bias. Test-retest reliability of the bias-index was estimated among a subsample of youth (N=36). No significant differences in attention allocation or bias emerged between anxiety and healthy control groups. While general negative affectivity across the sample was not associated with attention bias, there was a positive relationship for anxiety and irritability on duration of attention allocation toward negative faces. Test-retest reliability for attention bias was moderate (r=0.50, p<.01). While anxiety-related findings from the two previous studies were not replicated, the relationship between attention bias and facets of negative affect suggests a potential target for treatment. Evidence for test-retest reliability encourages future use of the eye-tracking task for researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan E Byrne
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sara Kirschner
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anita Harrewijn
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rany Abend
- Baruch Ivcher School of Psychology, Reichman University, 8 Ha'Universita St., Herzliya 4610101, Israel
| | - Amit Lazarov
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Lucrezia Liuzzi
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Katharina Kircanski
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Simone P Haller
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Yair Bar-Haim
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Daniel S Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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13
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Roter DL, Bugayong M, Lowe C, Joyner RL, Howard AM, Wenzel J, Dobs AS. Online communication skill training of patients with cancer: A test of the behavioral intention predictive framework for communication skills. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 4:100291. [PMID: 38872981 PMCID: PMC11169459 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Objective To assess the Behavioral Intention Predictive Framework's utility in explaining variation in cancer patients' strong behavioral intention (SBI) to use LEAPS (Listen, Educate, Assess, Partner, Support) communication skills after viewing training videos. Methods Ninety-eight patients were enrolled through anonymized online platforms to view LEAPS training videos, complete background and communication questionnaires and report their SBI to use LEAPS skills. Results On average, patients indicated SBI to use 6 of 13 skills and 46% of patients expressed SBI across individual skills. The framework explained 27.7% of the adjusted variance in SBI with significant predictors of frequent past use of LEAPS-related shared decision-making behaviors, poor emotional health, being rarely accompanied to visits and positive ratings of narrative videos. Finally, 21.7% of the adjusted variance in problem communication was explained by infrequent use of LEAPS-related information behaviors, patient accompaniment of another adult and positive narrative scores. Conclusion Patients SBI to use multiple LEAPS skills and past problem communication were explained by framework predictors. Innovation Despite theoretical and empirical evidence that behavioral intention significantly predicts behavior, it has not been studied in patient communication research. Application of the novel framework to LEAPS training videos contributes an innovative address of this research gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra L. Roter
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Marielle Bugayong
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
| | - Chenery Lowe
- Stanford Center for Biomedical Ethics, Stanford, USA
| | | | | | | | - Adrian S. Dobs
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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14
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Kring L, Iversen E, Ibsen B, Fehsenfeld M. Exploring the impact of stressful life events on quality of life: meaning making and narrative reconstruction. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2330117. [PMID: 38525819 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2330117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Stressful life events have the capacity to disrupt an individual's worldview and life goals, leading to existential questions and identity loss. The subjective perception of identity is intricately linked with quality of life (QoL), and how individuals derive meaning from these stressful life events significantly influences their well-being. This article explored the impact of stressful life events on individuals' QoL, and examined the potential for enhancing QoL through meaning making and narrative reconstruction. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with 11 individuals reporting diminished QoL and analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS The study reveals that stressful life events confront interviewees with the vulnerability of their values in life and the limits of their control, leading them to question their own beliefs and purpose in life. Consequently, these events prompt individuals to reconstruction their narratives to adapt to new life circumstances. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that "securing the base," including strong social relations and security in economic and housing conditions, is a prerequisite for enhancing QoL. The insights on "the base" have profound implications for QoL. Recognizing their fundamental importance, policymakers, healthcare professionals, and social service providers can support mechanisms to enhance these foundations, improving overall well-being for individuals and communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotte Kring
- The Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Evald Iversen
- Centre for Sports, Health and Civil Society (CISC), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Bjarne Ibsen
- Centre for Sports, Health and Civil Society (CISC), Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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15
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Marcinkevičiūtė M, Vilutytė L, Gailienė D. Experience of pre-suicidal suffering: insights from suicide attempt survivors. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2370894. [PMID: 38913782 PMCID: PMC11198122 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2370894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychache significantly contributes to the suicidal process. However, the transition from pre-suicidal suffering to a suicide crisis remains one of the least explored stages in suicidology. METHODS We retrospectively explored experience of pre-suicidal suffering through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 12 individuals recruited from the Vilnius City Mental Health Center, Lithuania. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was employed to identify recurring patterns. RESULTS Nine primary group experiential themes emerged: Certain adverse life events occurring during the suicidal process were not immediately perceived as connected; Complex traumatic events laid the groundwork for a profound sense of lack; A compensatory mechanism balanced the experience of profound lack; Exhaustion ensued from efforts to sustain the compensatory mechanism; The main trigger directly challenged the compensatory mechanism; The affective state followed the experience of the main triggering event; Dissociation served to isolate psychache; Thoughts of suicide experienced as automatic; Suicide was perceived as a means to end suffering. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the suicidal process unfolds over an extended period of suffering, culminating in a crisis to alleviate unbearable psychological pain. In clinical practice, identifying the main triggering event discussed in this study can be pivotal in understanding the essence of suffering characterized by profound lacking and developed compensatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miglė Marcinkevičiūtė
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | - Danutė Gailienė
- Centre for Suicidology, Institute of Psychology, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
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16
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Sundar TKB, Sargenius H, Kvarme LG, Sparboe-Nilsen B. Norwegian pre-service teacher students' and public health nursing students' views on health - a qualitative study of students' perceptions. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2322705. [PMID: 38431882 PMCID: PMC10911246 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2322705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In 2020, the Norwegian school curriculum was revised, introducing a new cross-curricular subject, Public Health, and Life Skills. The curriculum emphasizes collaboration between teachers and the school health service. Subsequently, a research project, Literacies for Health and Life Skills, was initiated at Oslo Metropolitan University. The aim was to develop a new approach to the subject. A part of the research was to explore perceptions about good and poor health among teacher students and public health nursing students. METHODS This study has a qualitative design using auto-photography, group discussions and photo-elicitation interviews as methods to explore the students' views on health. RESULTS A analysis revealed three themes about good health in both student groups: Relaxation and tranquillity, belonging and relations, and enjoyment as important to health. Three themes about poor health emerged in both student groups: The ideal body and self-perception, you are as healthy as you feel, and the best in life is also the worst. The students' statements were characterized by underlying assumptions about health in society, with a focus on "healthism". No major differences between the student groups were found. CONCLUSION This study serves as a step towards increased understanding of health perceptions among future professionals working with children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turid Kristin Bigum Sundar
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hanna Sargenius
- Department of Psychology, section of cognition and neurosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisbeth Gravdal Kvarme
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Sparboe-Nilsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
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17
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Gusdal AK, Söderman M, Pettersson T, Kaup J, Gustafsson LK. Healthcare and social care professionals' experiences of respite care: a critical incident study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2352888. [PMID: 38735060 PMCID: PMC11089915 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2024.2352888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aging in place is favoured among older persons and supported by research in Sweden, although it poses challenges for overburdened informal caregivers. While respite care can offer support, its accessibility is hindered by organizational challenges and informal caregivers' delays in using it. The experiences of informal caregivers are well-studied, but the professionals' experiences of respite care quality and critical incident management are underexplored. AIM To explore professionals' experiences of critical incidents in respite care, consequences for the persons being cared for, and strategies to manage critical incidents. MATERIALS AND METHODS A qualitative, critical incident technique was used, and three group interviews with a total of 16 professionals were conducted. RESULTS Barriers to quality respite care included communication gaps during care transitions, environmental shortcomings in respite care facilities, lack of support for informal caregivers, and inadequacies in respite care decisions. Strategies to manage critical incidents included individualized care, continuity and communication in care transitions, a conducive environment, support for informal caregivers, and care professionals' positive approach. CONCLUSIONS The study emphasizes the need for focused efforts on communication, continuity, and a supportive environment. Addressing identified challenges and applying suggested strategies will be key to maximizing the potential of respite care as a vital support for care recipients and their informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelie K. Gusdal
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
| | - Mirkka Söderman
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
| | - Tina Pettersson
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
| | - Jaana Kaup
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
| | - Lena-Karin Gustafsson
- School of Health, Care and Social Welfare, Mälardalen University, Eskilstuna/Västerås, Sweden
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18
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Brown SD, Garcia BL, Ritchie JL, Tsai AL, Millman A, Greenberg M, Quesenberry CP, Ferrara A. Digital health outreach to promote postpartum screening after gestational diabetes: A randomized factorial pilot study. PEC INNOVATION 2024; 4:100256. [PMID: 38282680 PMCID: PMC10818066 DOI: 10.1016/j.pecinn.2024.100256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Objective We examined the acceptability and feasibility of a multi-component digital health outreach intervention to promote uptake of guideline-recommended postpartum screening for type 2 diabetes among patients with gestational diabetes (GDM). Methods We conducted a 24 randomized factorial experiment as part of the Multiphase Optimization Strategy (MOST) preparation phase for developing behavioral interventions. Participants with current or recent GDM in an integrated healthcare system were randomized to receive an outreach message with up to four intervention components, designed to be self-administered in about 10 min and efficiently delivered online via REDCap: a streamlined values affirmation, personalized information on diabetes risk, an interactive motivational interviewing-based component, and an interactive action planning component. Patient-reported acceptability and feasibility outcomes were assessed via survey. Results Among 162 participants, 72% self-identified with a racial/ethnic minority group. Across components, acceptability scores averaged 3.9/5; ≥91% of participants read most or all of the outreach message; ≥89% perceived the amount of information as "about right"; and ≥ 87% completed ≥1 interactive prompt. Conclusion Each intervention component was acceptable to diverse patients and feasible to deliver in a brief, self-directed, online format. Innovation These novel components target unaddressed barriers to patient engagement in guideline-recommended postpartum diabetes screening and adapt theory-based behavior change techniques for large-scale use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Brown
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Brittany L. Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jenna L. Ritchie
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Ai-Lin Tsai
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Andrea Millman
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Mara Greenberg
- Regional Perinatal Service Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
| | | | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA, USA
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19
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Dahlberg J, Nylander E, Persson M, Shayesteh A. An uncertain uphill battle - experiences and consequences of living with lipedema. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2300152. [PMID: 38159285 PMCID: PMC10763886 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2300152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To describe and analyse experiences of living with lipedema. Methods: Individual, semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 12 women diagnosed with lipedema and analysed by qualitative content analysis utilizing an inductive approach. RESULTS The overarching theme, "An uncertain uphill battle against a divergent body and societal ignorance", covers the experiences of living with lipedema and is based on five categories; "Captivated by a disintegrating body", "Face the impairments of a chronic condition", "Experience social exclusion", "Need emotional support to go on" and "Mull over an insecure future". The women felt entrapped within their bodies and experienced social exclusion due to the chronic symptoms and the progressive body shape alteration caused by their illness. Having experienced deficient information on the illness, varying support from other people, and a deteriorating economic situation, the women face an uncertain future. CONCLUSIONS Symptoms and restrictions caused by lipedema affect women's livelihood and future, as there are no indications for disease improvement. Preventive work aimed at reducing health deterioration should be a priority. More research is needed to raise healthcare awareness regarding difficulties experienced by patients with lipedema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Dahlberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Nylander
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Alexander Shayesteh
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Dermatology and Venereology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Lieberwerth M, Niemeijer A. Lost and changed meaning in life of people with Long Covid: a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2024; 19:2289668. [PMID: 38055787 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2023.2289668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Long Covid (LC) has been called the greatest mass-disabling event in human history. For patients, LC not only has implications for quality of life but also for meaning in life: how one's life and the world are understood and what is seen as valuable in one's life. This qualitative empirical study used a Constructivist Grounded Theory approach to investigate the meaning in life of people struggling with LC through ten patient interviews. This study shows that patients lose their prior understanding of life and come to a changed meaning in life, in part due to the experienced (social) isolation and loss of (both physical and cognitive) abilities caused by LC. Moreover, patients struggled with acceptance, uncertainty, and the inherent incomprehensibility and uncontrollability that living with LC entails, though this simultaneously co-existed with hope, optimism and acceptance. Additionally, dimensions of meaning intersect; a patient having some understanding of their illness (dimension of meaning: comprehension) required an understanding Other (dimension of meaning: connection). Emerging from lockdown brought the challenge and isolation of adjusting to chronic illness in society as usual (albeit divided about COVID-19 measures). This study thus offers novel insights regarding changed, present, and sought meaning in life for LC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alistair Niemeijer
- Department of Ethics of Care, University of Humanistic Studies, Utrecht, Netherlands
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21
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de Souza AV, Teixeira RR, Caixeta DC, Silva ATF, Gonçalves LCO, Giolo JS, Vilela DD, Peixoto LG, Magalhães-Neto AM, Maia YCP, Sabino-Silva R, Puga GM, Espindola FS. Salivary spectral signature using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy in different exercise protocols. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 320:124599. [PMID: 38865886 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.124599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
The Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) has been applied to determine salivary biomarkers with high sensitivity and cost-effectiveness. Our study aimed to test the hypothesis that the spectral profile of saliva demonstrates distinct vibrational modes corresponding to different exercise protocols, thereby facilitating exercise monitoring. Saliva samples were collected from trained male subjects at three intervals: pre-exercise, post-exercise, and 3 h post-exercise. The protocols included acute sessions of continuous exercise (CE), high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE), and resistance exercise (RE). ATR-FTIR analysis revealed that salivary biochemical components changed uniquely with each exercise protocol. Specific spectral vibrational modes were identified as potential biomarkers for each exercise type. Notably, the salivary spectrum pattern of CE closely resembled that of HIIE, whereas RE showed minor alterations. Furthermore, we attempted to apply an algorithm capable of distinguishing the spectral range that differentiates the exercise modalities. This pioneering study is the first to compare changes in saliva spectra following different exercise protocols and to suggest spectrum peaks of vibrational modes as markers for specific types of exercises. We emphasize that the spectral wavenumbers identified by FTIR could serve as practical markers in distinguishing between different exercise modalities, with sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy correlating with the metabolic changes induced by exercise. Therefore, this study contributes a panel of ATR-FTIR spectral wavenumbers that can be referenced as a spectral signature capable of distinguishing between resistance and endurance exercises.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Douglas Carvalho Caixeta
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Luis C O Gonçalves
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Sanjulião Giolo
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | - Anibal M Magalhães-Neto
- Institute of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso (UFMT), Cuiabá, Brazil
| | | | - Robinson Sabino-Silva
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Morais Puga
- Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Federal University of Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Jack AI, Digney HT, Bell CA, Grossman SN, McPherson JI, Saleem GT, Haider MN, Leddy JJ, Willer BS, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL, Busis NA, Torres DM. Testing the Validity and Reliability of a Standardized Virtual Examination for Concussion. Neurol Clin Pract 2024; 14:e200328. [PMID: 38895642 PMCID: PMC11182663 DOI: 10.1212/cpj.0000000000200328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives We determined inter-modality (in-person vs telemedicine examination) and inter-rater agreement for telemedicine assessments (2 different examiners) using the Telemedicine Buffalo Concussion Physical Examination (Tele-BCPE), a standardized concussion examination designed for remote use. Methods Patients referred for an initial evaluation for concussion were invited to participate. Participants had a brief initial assessment by the treating neurologist. After a patient granted informed consent to participate in the study, the treating neurologist obtained a concussion-related history before leaving the examination room. Using the Tele-BCPE, 2 virtual examinations in no specific sequence were then performed from nearby rooms by the treating neurologist and another neurologist. After the 2 telemedicine examinations, the treating physician returned to the examination room to perform the in-person examination. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) determined inter-modality validity (in-person vs remote examination by the same examiner) and inter-rater reliability (between remote examinations done by 2 examiners) of overall scores of the Tele-BCPE within the comparison datasets. Cohen's kappa, κ, measured levels of agreement of dichotomous ratings (abnormality present vs absent) on individual components of the Tele-BCPE to determine inter-modality and inter-rater agreement. Results For total scores of the Tele-BCPE, both inter-modality agreement (ICC = 0.95 [95% CI 0.86-0.98, p < 0.001]) and inter-rater agreement (ICC = 0.88 [95% CI 0.71-0.95, p < 0.001]) were reliable (ICC >0.70). There was at least substantial inter-modality agreement (κ ≥ 0.61) for 25 of 29 examination elements. For inter-rater agreement (2 telemedicine examinations), there was at least substantial agreement for 8 of 29 examination elements. Discussion Our study demonstrates that the Tele-BCPE yielded consistent clinical results, whether conducted in-person or virtually by the same examiner, or when performed virtually by 2 different examiners. The Tele-BCPE is a valid indicator of neurologic examination findings as determined by an in-person concussion assessment. The Tele-BCPE may also be performed with excellent levels of reliability by neurologists with different training and backgrounds in the virtual setting. These findings suggest that a combination of in-person and telemedicine modalities, or involvement of 2 telemedicine examiners for the same patient, can provide consistent concussion assessments across the continuum of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alani I Jack
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Helena T Digney
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Carter A Bell
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Scott N Grossman
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Jacob I McPherson
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Ghazala T Saleem
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Mohammad N Haider
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - John J Leddy
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Barry S Willer
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Laura J Balcer
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Steven L Galetta
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Neil A Busis
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
| | - Daniel M Torres
- Department of Neurology (AIJ, HTD, CAB, SNG, LJB, SLG, NAB), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences (JIM, GTS), School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo; UBMD Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine (MNH, JJL) and Department of Psychiatry (BSW), Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo; Departments of Population Health (LJB) and Ophthalmology (LJB, SLG), New York University Grossman School of Medicine, NY; and Department of Neurology (DMT), Lenox Hill Hospital at Northwell Health, New York, NY
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Blednov YA, Shawlot W, Homanics GE, Osterndorff-Kahanek EA, Mason S, Mayfield J, Smalley JL, Moss SJ, Messing RO. The PDE4 inhibitor apremilast modulates ethanol responses in Gabrb1-S409A knock-in mice via PKA-dependent and independent mechanisms. Neuropharmacology 2024; 257:110035. [PMID: 38876310 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
We previously showed that the PDE4 inhibitor apremilast reduces ethanol consumption in mice by protein kinase A (PKA) and GABAergic mechanisms. Preventing PKA phosphorylation of GABAA β3 subunits partially blocked apremilast-mediated decreases in drinking. Here, we produced Gabrb1-S409A mice to render GABAA β1 subunits resistant to PKA-mediated phosphorylation. Mass spectrometry confirmed the presence of the S409A mutation and lack of changes in β1 subunit expression or phosphorylation at other residues. β1-S409A male and female mice did not differ from wild-type C57BL/6J mice in expression of Gabrb1, Gabrb2, or Gabrb3 subunits or in behavioral characteristics. Apremilast prolonged recovery from ethanol ataxia to a greater extent in Gabrb1-S409A mice but prolonged recovery from zolpidem and propofol to a similar extent in both genotypes. Apremilast shortened recovery from diazepam ataxia in wild-type but prolonged recovery in Gabrb1-S409A mice. In wild-type mice, the PKA inhibitor H89 prevented apremilast modulation of ataxia by ethanol and diazepam, but not by zolpidem. In Gabrb1-S409A mice, inhibiting PKA or EPAC2 (exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) partially reversed apremilast potentiation of ethanol, diazepam, and zolpidem ataxia. Apremilast prevented acute tolerance to ethanol ataxia in both genotypes, but there were no genotype differences in ethanol consumption before or after apremilast. In contrast to results in Gabrb3-S408A/S409A mice, PKA phosphorylation of β1-containing GABAA receptors is not required for apremilast's effects on acute tolerance or on ethanol consumption but is required for its ability to decrease diazepam intoxication. Besides PKA we identified EPAC2 as an additional cAMP-dependent mechanism by which apremilast regulates responses to GABAergic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri A Blednov
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - William Shawlot
- Center for Biomedical Research Support, Mouse Genetic Engineering Facility, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Gregg E Homanics
- Departments of Anesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Neurobiology, and Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - Sonia Mason
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Jody Mayfield
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Joshua L Smalley
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Stephen J Moss
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Robert O Messing
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA; Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.
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24
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Coyne SM, Shawcroft J, Holmgren H, Christensen-Duerden C, Ashby S, Rogers A, Reschke PJ, Barr R, Domoff S, Van Alfen M, Meldrum M, Porter CL. The Growth of Problematic Media Use Over Early Childhood: Associations with Long-Term Social and Emotional Outcomes. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2024; 159:108350. [PMID: 39035700 PMCID: PMC11258855 DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2024.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Problematic media use (PMU) tends to be related to significant social, emotional, and behavioral problems throughout life. Little research, however, has examined the development of PMU during early childhood, where media habits begin to form. The current longitudinal study examines the growth of PMU across early childhood (between 2.5 and 5.5 years of age) with a focus on predictors and outcomes (social, emotional, and parenting) of the intercept and slope of PMU over time. Participants (N = 269 children and their parents; 4.9% Asian American, 8.2% Black, 21% Hispanic or Latino, 63% White, 7% Mixed or Other race) completed questionnaires assessing PMU, media parenting, parental warmth and connection, and child social and emotional problems. Results indicated slight overall increases in PMU from ages 2.5 to 5.5. Emotional reactivity, aggression, and overall TV time predicted initial levels of PMU. Additionally, initial levels of PMU were related to social and emotional problems four years later. An increasing trajectory of PMU was associated with later aggression in childhood, even when controlling for initial levels of aggression. Implications for parents and prevention efforts aimed at reducing PMU are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jane Shawcroft
- Department of Communication, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Sarah Ashby
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Davis
| | - Adam Rogers
- School of Family Life, Brigham Young University, Davis
| | | | - Rachel Barr
- Department of Psychology, Georgetown University
| | - Sarah Domoff
- Department of Psychology, Central Michigan University
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25
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Wang K, Ju L, Song Y, Blair L, Xie K, Liu C, Li A, Zhu D, Xu F, Liu G, Heo HY, Yadav N, Oeltzschner G, Edden RAE, Qin Q, Kamson DO, Xu J. Whole-cerebrum guanidino and amide CEST mapping at 3 T by a 3D stack-of-spirals gradient echo acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:1456-1470. [PMID: 38748853 PMCID: PMC11262991 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a 3D, high-sensitivity CEST mapping technique based on the 3D stack-of-spirals (SOS) gradient echo readout, the proposed approach was compared with conventional acquisition techniques and evaluated for its efficacy in concurrently mapping of guanidino (Guan) and amide CEST in human brain at 3 T, leveraging the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting (PLOF) method. METHODS Saturation time and recovery delay were optimized to achieve maximum CEST time efficiency. The 3DSOS method was compared with segmented 3D EPI (3DEPI), turbo spin echo, and gradient- and spin-echo techniques. Image quality, temporal SNR (tSNR), and test-retest reliability were assessed. Maps of Guan and amide CEST derived from 3DSOS were demonstrated on a low-grade glioma patient. RESULTS The optimized recovery delay/saturation time was determined to be 1.4/2 s for Guan and amide CEST. In addition to nearly doubling the slice number, the gradient echo techniques also outperformed spin echo sequences in tSNR: 3DEPI (193.8 ± 6.6), 3DSOS (173.9 ± 5.6), and GRASE (141.0 ± 2.7). 3DSOS, compared with 3DEPI, demonstrated comparable GuanCEST signal in gray matter (GM) (3DSOS: [2.14%-2.59%] vs. 3DEPI: [2.15%-2.61%]), and white matter (WM) (3DSOS: [1.49%-2.11%] vs. 3DEPI: [1.64%-2.09%]). 3DSOS also achieves significantly higher amideCEST in both GM (3DSOS: [2.29%-3.00%] vs. 3DEPI: [2.06%-2.92%]) and WM (3DSOS: [2.23%-2.66%] vs. 3DEPI: [1.95%-2.57%]). 3DSOS outperforms 3DEPI in terms of scan-rescan reliability (correlation coefficient: 3DSOS: 0.58-0.96 vs. 3DEPI: -0.02 to 0.75) and robustness to motion as well. CONCLUSION The 3DSOS CEST technique shows promise for whole-cerebrum CEST imaging, offering uniform contrast and robustness against motion artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Wang
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Licheng Ju
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yulu Song
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lindsay Blair
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kevin Xie
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Claire Liu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dan Zhu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Guanshu Liu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nirbhay Yadav
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A. E. Edden
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qin Qin
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Olayinka Kamson
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Kang JW, Oremus M, Dubin J, Tyas SL, Oga-Omenka C, Golberg M. Exploring the differential impacts of social isolation, loneliness, and their combination on the memory of an aging population: A 6-year longitudinal study of the CLSA. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2024; 125:105483. [PMID: 38788370 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2024.105483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Memory plays a crucial role in cognitive health. Social isolation (SI) and loneliness (LON) are recognized risk factors for global cognition, although their combined effects on memory have been understudied in the literature. This study used three waves of data over six years from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging to examine whether SI and LON are individually and jointly associated with memory in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults (n = 14,208). LON was assessed with the question: "In the last week, how often did you feel lonely?". SI was measured using an index based on marital/cohabiting status, retirement status, social activity participation, and social network contacts. Memory was evaluated with combined z-scores from two administrations of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (immediate-recall, delayed-recall). We conducted our analyses using all available data across the three timepoints and retained participants with missing covariate data. Linear mixed models were used to regress combined memory scores onto SI and LON, adjusting for sociodemographic, health, functional ability, and lifestyle variables. Experiencing both SI and LON had the greatest inverse effect on memory (least-squares mean: -0.80 [95 % confidence-interval: -1.22, -0.39]), followed by LON alone (-0.73 [-1.13, -0.34]), then SI alone (-0.69 [-1.09, -0.29]), and lastly by being neither lonely nor isolated (-0.65 [-1.05, -0.25]). Sensitivity analyses confirmed this hierarchy of effects. Policies developed to enhance memory in middle-aged and older adults might achieve greater benefits when targeting the alleviation of both SI and LON rather than one or the other individually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kang
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Mark Oremus
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Joel Dubin
- Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Suzanne L Tyas
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Charity Oga-Omenka
- School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Meira Golberg
- Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON, N2L 3G1, Canada
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27
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Stickley A, Isaksson J, Koposov R, Schwab-Stone M, Sumiyoshi T, Ruchkin V. Loneliness and posttraumatic stress in U.S. adolescents: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:113-119. [PMID: 38852860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Loneliness and posttraumatic stress (PTS) are common in adolescence. However, there has been little longitudinal research on their association. To address this deficit, this study examined the longitudinal association between these phenomena in a sample of U.S. school students while also exploring if gender was important in this context. METHODS Data were analysed from 2807 adolescents (52.1 % female; age at baseline 11-16 years (M = 12.79)) who were followed over a one-year period. Information was obtained on loneliness in year 1 using a single-item question, while PTS was assessed with the self-report Child Post-Traumatic Stress - Reaction Index (CPTS-RI). A full path analysis was performed to assess the across time associations. RESULTS Almost one-third of the students reported some degree of loneliness while most students had 'mild' PTS. In the path analysis, when controlling for baseline PTS and other covariates, loneliness in year 1 was significantly associated with PTS in year 2 (β = 0.06, 95%CI: 0.02, 0.09). Similarly, PTS in year 1 was significantly associated with loneliness in year 2 (β = 0.19, 95%CI: 0.15, 0.23). An interaction analysis further showed that loneliness was higher in girls with PTS than in their male counterparts. LIMITATIONS The use of a single-item measure to assess loneliness that used the word 'lonely' may have resulted in underreporting. CONCLUSION Loneliness and PTS are bidirectionally associated in adolescence. Efforts to reduce loneliness in adolescence may help in combatting PTS, while clinicians should intervene to address loneliness if detected in adolescents with PTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Stickley
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Johan Isaksson
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Center of Neurodevelopmental Disorders, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Roman Koposov
- Regional Center for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, Faculty of Health Sciences, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mary Schwab-Stone
- Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tomiki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Preventive Intervention for Psychiatric Disorders, National Institute of Mental Health, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Health Research Promotion Bureau, Toyama, Shinnjiku-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Vladislav Ruchkin
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Regional forensic psychiatric clinic Sala, Sala, Sweden
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Chen D, Shen Y, Zhou X, Ying J, Zhang J, Zhan S, Zhang S, You J. The bidirectional longitudinal associations between fear of negative evaluation and suicidal ideation among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of interpersonal needs factors. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:59-66. [PMID: 38815762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Based on previous theories and studies, fear of negative evaluation (FNE) may be a key predictor of suicidal ideation in adolescents. However, few studies examined the longitudinal relationships between FNE and suicidal ideation. This study aimed to explore the bidirectional longitudinal relationships between FNE and suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, based on the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide, this study would examine the longitudinal mediating role of interpersonal needs factors (thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) on the relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation. A sample of 515 adolescents (Mage = 12.309, SD = 0.807; 49.3 % girls) completed questionnaires on 4 waves, 6 months apart. The Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Models (RI-CLPMs) were utilized to estimate the associations among study variables. The results showed that: (1) there was a significant bidirectional longitudinal relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation; (2) thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness independently and serially mediated the relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation. This study contributed to understanding the complex relationship between FNE and suicidal ideation, emphasizing the critical roles of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness. The findings underscore the bidirectional nature of these associations and provide insights into the potential pathways involved in the development of suicidal ideation among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danrui Chen
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yunhong Shen
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xinglin Zhou
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Guang'an Vocational Technical College, Guang'an, China
| | - Jiefeng Ying
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, China
| | - Jiajing Zhang
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shiting Zhan
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shilei Zhang
- Psychological Counseling Centre, Chang'an University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianing You
- Center for Studies of Psychological Application, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences (South China Normal University), Ministry of Education, & School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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Larionova E, Garakh Z. Spelling principles matter: An ERP study investigating the processing of different types of pseudohomophones. Brain Res 2024; 1839:149012. [PMID: 38772521 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.149012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Spelling in any writing system is governed by fundamental principles. We examined the processing of two types of pseudohomophones constructed from words whose spellings are based on different principles - on the traditional principle of writing, requiring memorization of their spelling, and on the morphological principle, allowing the determination of their spelling from another word with the same morpheme (root) to examine the dependence of the occurrence of orthography-phonology conflict on spelling principles. Event-related potentials were recorded from 22 volunteers during silent reading. Pseudohomophones based on the morphological principle increased the N400 amplitude, emphasizing semantic and morphological processing importance. The P600 component showed significant effects for differentiating words and pseudohomophones based on the traditional principle, predominantly indicating the involvement of memory and reanalysis processes. Source reconstruction demonstrates that both pseudohomophones activate the left inferior frontal gyrus. However, pseudohomophones based on the traditional principle additionally activate the right and left postcentral gyrus, indicating the involvement of additional areas in the differentiation process. The earlier differences for stimuli based on the morphological principle indicate access to smaller units (morphemes), whereas stimuli based on the traditional principle require whole word processing. Our findings underscore the significant role of spelling principles in orthographic processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Larionova
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Zhanna Garakh
- Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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30
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Kim H. Sex differences in age-varying trends of depressive symptoms, substance use, and their associations among South Korean adults: A Time-Varying Effect Modeling (TVEM) analysis of a nationwide sample. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:596-604. [PMID: 38925308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study investigated sex differences in the age-varying trends of depressive symptoms, substance use, and their relationships throughout the adult lifespan. Using a nationwide sample from South Korea, this study aimed to confirm existing patterns and identify unique characteristics specific to the South Korean context. METHOD Time-Varying Effect Modeling (TVEM) was applied to data from 17,484 participants (9987 women and 7497 men) in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. RESULTS Consistent with global trends, the results revealed a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms among women and a greater prevalence of substance use among men. However, the findings also illuminated unique patterns within the South Korean context. Substance use among South Korean men peaked during their 40s, whereas South Korean women consistently exhibited lower rates of substance use. Additionally, a stronger association between depressive symptoms and substance use was identified in women compared to men. LIMITATIONS The study used cross-sectional data, limiting the analysis of temporal dynamics between depressive symptoms and substance use. Additionally, TVEM cannot distinguish between aging and cohort effects. Furthermore, the assessments of depressive symptoms and substance use were based on self-report. Finally, the study did not include adolescents or sex and gender minorities in its sample. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize the need for targeted interventions, particularly among women in their 20s and older adulthood, where there is a heightened co-occurrence of depressive symptoms and substance use. These findings also highlight the importance of sex- and culture-sensitive approaches tailored to the South Korean context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanjoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, MI, USA.
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Deng C, Li D, Li Y, Liu Y, Zhang J, Huang P, Zhai B. Reciprocal relationships among parental psychological control, emotion regulation ability, and subjective well-being of adolescents: Disentangling between- and within-person effects. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:546-555. [PMID: 38925309 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although research has demonstrated that parental psychological control is associated with the subjective well-being of adolescents, the lack of longitudinal studies that investigate whether or not bidirectional associations exist between the two and their potential mediating mechanisms has continued to date. In addition, previous studies have not rigorously distinguished between- and within-person effects. Thus, this study investigated longitudinal bidirectional associations between parental psychological control and the subjective well-being of adolescents. The study further examined the mediating role of emotion regulation ability. METHODS A total of 1365 Chinese adolescents (boys: 53.2 %; Mage = 14.68 years, SD = 1.56) participated in a three-wave longitudinal study with annual assessments. Random intercept cross-lagged panel models were utilized to separate between- and within-person variation. RESULTS After controlling for between-person variance, the results revealed that adolescents with low levels of subjective well-being reported high levels of parental psychological control after one year. Emotion regulation ability played a bidirectional mediating role in the relationship between psychological control and subjective well-being. That is, psychological control and subjective well-being mutually influenced each other through emotion regulation ability. LIMITATIONS Assessments of the key study variables were provided by adolescents. Moreover, the study considered a combination of the mothers' and fathers' use of psychological control without differentiating between paternal and maternal psychological control. CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the importance of interventions that target emotion regulation ability, which contributes to breaking the negative cycle between controlling parenting and the well-being of adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqiong Deng
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Dongping Li
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China.
| | - Yang Li
- Faculty of Psychology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300000, China
| | - Yuxiao Liu
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Pan Huang
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Boyu Zhai
- Center on Aging Psychology, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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Liu J, Teh WL, Tan RHS, Chang SSH, Lau BJ, Chandwani N, Tor PC, Subramaniam M. Evaluating a maladaptive personality-informed model of social support and post-traumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:209-216. [PMID: 38821368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social support is a robust predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although the inverse relationship between perceived social support and PTSD (social causation model) is supported, less is understood about the antecedents of the social causation model. Further, there is limited research in non-Western psychiatric populations that experience elevated rates of trauma and PTSD (e.g., mood disorders). The present study evaluated whether cumulative traumatic life events influenced current PTSD symptoms through maladaptive personality traits and perceptions of social support among Asian patients with mood disorders. METHODS A total of 200 Asian patients (77.5 % Chinese) with mood disorders were assessed for maladaptive personality traits, perceptions of social support, cumulative traumatic life events, PTSD, and depressive symptoms. Structural equation modelling was conducted to evaluate the extended social causation model. RESULTS The extended social causation model demonstrated acceptable fit to the data (Comparative Fit Index [CFI] = 0.90; absolute Root Mean Square Error of Approximation [RMSEA] = 0.08). There were significant indirect effects of cumulative traumatic life events on current PTSD symptoms (β = 0.29, p < .001; 85 % variance explained) and depressive symptoms (β = 0.28, p < .001; 69 % variance explained). LIMITATIONS Results may not be generalizable beyond the Singapore population due to the socio-cultural and environmental context. CONCLUSIONS The present findings provide conceptual support for a maladaptive personality-informed model of social support and PTSD, which could better inform trauma-focused interventions in preventing and treating the debilitating effects of PTSD in psychiatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Liu
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore.
| | - Wen Lin Teh
- Research Division, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | | | | | - Boon Jia Lau
- Department of Mood & Anxiety, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Nisha Chandwani
- Department of Mood & Anxiety, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Phern Chern Tor
- Department of Mood & Anxiety, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Kanterman A, Scheele D, Nevat M, Saporta N, Lieberz J, Hurlemann R, Shamay-Tsoory S. Let me in: The neural correlates of inclusion motivation in loneliness. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:399-408. [PMID: 38897307 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While it is well-established that humans possess an innate need for social belonging, the neural mechanisms underlying motivation for connection are still largely unknown. We propose that inclusion motivation - measured through the effort that individuals are willing to invest to be included in social interactions - may serve as one of the basic building blocks of social behavior and may change in lonely individuals. METHODS Following the screening of 303 participants, we scanned 30 low- and 28 high-loneliness individuals with functional magnetic resonance imaging while they performed the Active Inclusion Task (AIT). The AIT assesses the participants' levels of effort invested in influencing their inclusion during classic Cyberball conditions of fair play and exclusion. RESULTS High- compared to low-loneliness individuals showed higher urgency for inclusion, specifically during fair play, which correlated with higher activity in the right thalamus. Furthermore, in high-loneliness individuals, we found increased functional connectivity between the thalamus and the temporoparietal junction, putamen, and insula. LIMITATIONS Participants interacted with computerized avatars, reducing ecological validity. Additionally, although increasing inclusion in the task required action, the physical demand was not high. Additional limitations are discussed. CONCLUSIONS Inclusion motivation in loneliness is heightened during fair but not exclusionary interactions, and is linked to activity in brain regions implicated in appetitive behavior and social cognition. The findings indicate that lonely individuals may view threat in inclusionary interactions, prompting them to take action to regain connection. This suggests that inclusion motivation may help explain social difficulties in loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kanterman
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel.
| | - D Scheele
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, Ruhr University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany; Research Center One Health Ruhr of the University Alliance Ruhr, Faculty of Medicine, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - M Nevat
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - N Saporta
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
| | - J Lieberz
- Section of Medical Psychology, Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - R Hurlemann
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany; Research Center Neurosensory Science, University of Oldenburg, Melander Heerstrasse 114-118, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - S Shamay-Tsoory
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, Haifa 3498838, Israel
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Zhang Q, Bao C, Yan R, Hua L, Xiong T, Zou H, He C, Sun H, Lu Q, Yao Z. Aberrant social reward dynamics in individuals with melancholic major depressive disorder: An ERP study. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:751-759. [PMID: 38885845 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to monetary rewards, depressive symptoms are specifically associated with abnormal social reward processing. In addition, individuals with melancholic depression may exhibit more significant reward-related impairments. However, there is still limited understanding of the specific alterations in social reward processing in individuals with melancholic depression. METHODS Forty patients with melancholic major depressive disorder (MDD), forty patients with non-melancholic MDD, and fifty healthy controls participated in the social incentive delay (SID) tasks with event-related potential (ERP) recording. We measured one anticipatory ERP(cue-N2) and two consummatory ERPs (FRN, fb-P3). Furthermore, we examined correlation between FRN and consummatory anhedonia. RESULTS Melancholic MDD patients showed less anticipation of social rewards (cue-N2). Concurrently, melancholic individuals demonstrated diminished reception of social rewards, as evidenced by reduced amplitudes of FRN. Notably, the group x condition interaction effect on FRN was significant (F (2, 127) = 4.15, p = 0.018, η2ρ = 0.061). Melancholic MDD patients had similar neural responses to both gain and neutral feedback (blunted reward positivity), whereas non-melancholic MDD patients (t (39) = 3.09, p = 0.004) and healthy participants (t (49) = 5.25, p < 0.001) had smaller FRN amplitudes when receiving gain feedback relative to neutral feedback. In addition, there was a significant correlation between FRN and consummatory anhedonia in MDD patients. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that individuals with melancholic MDD exhibit attenuated neural responses to both anticipated and consumed social rewards. This suggests that aberrant processing of social rewards could serve as a potential biomarker for melancholic MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Department of Psychology, the Affiliated Changzhou Second People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou 213000, China
| | - Ciqing Bao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Wenzhou Seventh People's Hospital, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Lingling Hua
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Tingting Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Haowen Zou
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Chen He
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Qing Lu
- School of Biological Sciences & Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; Child Development and Learning Science, Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, the Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Clinical Teaching Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Cai Y, She X, Singh MK, Wang H, Wang M, Abbey C, Rozelle S, Tong L. general psychopathology factor in Chinese adolescents and its correlation with trans-diagnostic protective psycho-social factors. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:245-255. [PMID: 38848970 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Comorbidity in mental disorders is prevalent among adolescents, with evidence suggesting a general psychopathology factor ("p" factor) that reflects shared mechanisms across different disorders. However, the association between the "p" factor and protective factors remains understudied. The current study aimed to explore the "p" factor, and its associations with psycho-social functioning, in Chinese adolescents. METHODS 2052 students, aged 9-17, were recruited from primary and secondary schools in Shanghai, China. Multiple rating scales were used to assess psychological symptoms and psycho-social functioning. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to verify the fit of models involving different psychopathology domains such as externalizing, internalizing, and the "p" factor. Subsequently, structural equation models were used to explore associations between the extracted factors and psycho-social functioning, including emotion regulation, mindful attention awareness, self-esteem, self-efficacy, resilience, and perceived support. RESULTS The bi-factor model demonstrated a good fit, with a "p" factor accounting for 46 % of symptom variation, indicating that the psychological symptoms of Chinese adolescents could be explained by internalizing, externalizing, and the "p" factor. Psychologically, a higher "p" was positively correlated with emotion suppression and negatively correlated with mindful attention awareness, emotion reappraisal, self-esteem, and resilience. Socially, a higher "p" was associated with decreased perceived support. LIMITATIONS Only common symptoms were included as this study was conducted at school. Furthermore, the cross-sectional design limited our ability to investigate causal relationships. CONCLUSIONS A "p" factor exists among Chinese adolescents. Individuals with higher "p" factor levels were prone to experience lower levels of psycho-social functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Cai
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xinshu She
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Manpreet K Singh
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California Davis, CA 95817, USA.
| | - Huan Wang
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Min Wang
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Cody Abbey
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott Rozelle
- Stanford Center of China's Economy and Institutions, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lian Tong
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Zwar L, König HH, Hajek A. Views of aging and mental health - The role of informal care provision: Longitudinal findings of the health and retirement study in the US. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:472-479. [PMID: 38901694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Informal care is a common form of social support, which can vary greatly in its intensity. While views of aging have shown to be relevant to mental health before, we aim to analyze whether the association between views of aging and depressive symptoms is influenced by the provision of informal care and its intensity. METHODS Data of six waves of the Health and Retirement Study in the United States was used. The sample includes up to 41,058 observations pooled over six waves of community-dwelling adults aged ≥50 years. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD) and attitudes towards own aging (ATOA) with the Philadelphia Geriatric Center Morale Scale (higher score indicates positive attitudes); informal caregiving (no/yes) and caregiving intensity (moderate, intense) were surveyed. Adjusted fixed effects regression analysis with robust standard errors, and with caregiving as moderator variable were calculated. RESULTS Informal caregiving did not interact with ATOA. However, transitioning into intense caregiving significantly moderated the association between ATOA and depressive symptoms. Lower depressive symptoms were associated with better ATOA and this association was significantly stronger in the intense caregiving condition than in the non-caregiving condition. No significant interaction effects were found between any form of caregiving and subjective age. LIMITATIONS The possibility of reciprocal effects cannot be excluded. CONCLUSION Internalized ageism and depressive symptoms are more strongly related among caregivers who provide intense care. Thus, interventions to reduce internalized ageism could be helpful in particular among this vulnerable group of informal caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Zwar
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Hans-Helmut König
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg, Germany
| | - André Hajek
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Department of Health Economics and Health Services Research, Hamburg, Germany
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Geier TJ, Atkinson SN, Pan AY, Mantz-Wichman M, Jazinski-Chambers K, Hillard CJ, deRoon-Cassini TA. Differences in intestinal bacteria in traumatic injury survivors with and without probable posttraumatic stress disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:528-535. [PMID: 38914163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common consequence of traumatic injury, yet certain biological factors contributing to PTSD are poorly understood. The gut microbiome may influence mental health outcomes, but its role in heterogeneous PTSD presentations requires elucidation. METHODS Bacterial composition was examined in adults 2-4 years post-trauma with probable PTSD (n = 24) versus trauma-exposed controls without probable PTSD (n = 24). 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic tools assessed microbial diversity and abundance. Relationships between taxa and PTSD symptom clusters were evaluated. RESULTS No differences were found in overall microbial community structure between groups. The probable PTSD group exhibited significantly reduced Actinobacteriota and increased Verrucomicrobiota phylum abundance compared to controls. Specific taxa showed notable inverse associations with negative mood/cognition versus hyperarousal symptoms. Prevotella and Ruminococcaceae were negatively associated with negative mood but positively associated with hyperarousal. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrate microbial signatures of probable PTSD subtypes, highlighting the microbiome as a potential mediator of heterogeneous trauma psychopathology. Definition of PTSD microbial correlates provides a foundation for personalized psychobiotic interventions targeting predominant symptom profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Geier
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America.
| | - Samantha N Atkinson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Amy Y Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Quantitative Health Sciences, Center for Microbiome Research, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Margo Mantz-Wichman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Kelley Jazinski-Chambers
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Cecilia J Hillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
| | - Terri A deRoon-Cassini
- Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America; Comprehensive Injury Center, Division of Data Surveillance and Informatics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States of America
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Zhu D, He Y, Wang F, Li Y, Wen X, Tong Y, Xie F, Wang G, Su P. Inconsistency in psychological resilience and social support with mental health in early adolescents: A multilevel response surface analysis approach. J Affect Disord 2024; 361:627-636. [PMID: 38925311 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.06.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the high prevalence of adolescent mental health problems, promoting understanding and implementation of protective factors is crucial for prevention and intervention efforts addressing adolescent mental health problems. This study aims to investigate whether consistency and inconsistency in protective factors are associated with adolescent mental health problems and to inform adolescent mental health interventions that target the unique needs of adolescents and promote adolescent mental health. METHODS We used multistage cluster sampling to conduct psychological resilience, social support, and mental health questionnaires from April to June 2023 among 10,653 Chinese adolescents (52.3 % were boys). Data were analyzed using polynomial regressions with response surface analysis. RESULTS The higher levels of psychological resilience and social support in adolescents were associated with fewer mental health problems (anxiety: a1 = -1.83, P < 0.001; depression: a1 = -2.44, P < 0.001; and perceived stress: a1 = -1.20, P < 0.001). When the level of psychological resilience was greater than social support, the greater the discrepancy the higher the perceived stress among adolescents (a3 = 1.19, P < 0.001). Moreover, the consistency of psychological resilience and social support had a greater impact on girls' mental health (anxiety: a1 = -1.97, P < 0.001; depression: a1 = -2.71, P < 0.001; perceived stress: a1 = -1.23, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional study design limited the inference of causal relationships between variables. CONCLUSIONS These results emphasize that adolescents need a balanced development of protective factors and targeted intervention programs for different mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongxue Zhu
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yuheng He
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yonghan Li
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Xue Wen
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Yingying Tong
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Faliang Xie
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China
| | - Gengfu Wang
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
| | - Puyu Su
- School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle, Anhui Medical University, Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China; NHC Key Laboratory of study on abnormal gametes and reproductive tract, No 81 Meishan Road, Hefei 230032, Anhui, China.
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Guo S, Wijesuriya R, O'Connor M, Moreno-Betancur M, Goldfeld S, Burgner D, Liu R, Priest N. The effects of adverse and positive experiences on cardiovascular health in Australian children. Int J Cardiol 2024; 411:132262. [PMID: 38878872 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.132262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence suggests that positive experiences in childhood may promote cardiovascular health, providing additional opportunities for prevention and early intervention. This study aimed to examine the effects of adverse and positive experiences on cardiovascular health in late childhood. METHODS Data sources: Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (N = 1874). EXPOSURES Adverse and positive experiences assessed repeatedly (age 0-11 years). OUTCOMES Cardiovascular health (high versus low or moderate) quantified by four health behaviors (diet, physical activity, cigarette smoking, and sleep) and four health factors (body mass index, non-high-density lipoprotein, blood pressure, and blood glucose) (age 11-12 years) as per the American Heart Association's Life's Essential 8 metrics. ANALYSES Separate generalized linear models with log-Poisson links were used to estimate the effects of adverse and positive experiences on cardiovascular health, adjusting for confounders. RESULTS Children exposed to multiple adverse experiences (≥ 2) were less likely to have high cardiovascular health (RR = 0.82, 95% CI = 0.67 to 1.02) than those not exposed. Children exposed to multiple positive experiences (≥ 2) were more likely to have high cardiovascular health (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 0.94 to 1.38) than those not exposed. Stratified analyses suggested that exposure to multiple positive experiences might buffer the detrimental effects of multiple adverse experiences on cardiovascular health. CONCLUSIONS Both adverse and positive experiences were found to be modestly associated with cardiovascular health in Australian children. Future research and practice should not only consider addressing childhood adversity but also use a strengths-based approach to promoting positive experiences to improve cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijun Guo
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Rushani Wijesuriya
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Meredith O'Connor
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Children's LifeCourse Initiative, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Faculty of Education, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Margarita Moreno-Betancur
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon Goldfeld
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Inflammatory Origins Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard Liu
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Naomi Priest
- Centre for Community Child Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia; The Centre for Social Policy Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Indigenous Health Equity Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Saunders JF, Nutter S, Waugh R, Hayden KA. Testing body-related components of objectification theory: A meta-analysis of the relations between body shame, self-objectification, and body dissatisfaction. Body Image 2024; 50:101738. [PMID: 38850716 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
Objectification theory has been instrumental in better understanding risk for eating disorders, depression, and sexual dysfunction, with self-objectification and body shame as serial mediators leading to these outcomes. Although originally proposed to explain these mental health outcomes in heterosexual women, researchers have extended objectification theory to individuals of various ages, racial identities, and sexual and gender identities. We conducted a systematic literature review of empirical peer-reviewed published research examining the relationship between the constructs of self-objectification, body dissatisfaction, and body shame in adult, youth, and LGBTQ+ samples. Our search yielded 5200 results, of which 318 met inclusion criteria. Of the papers included in this review, 26 reported correlations with sexual and gender diverse samples, 43 reported correlations with youth samples, and 249 reported correlations with samples of general adults (non-sexual or gender minorities). The meta-analyses yielded significant, moderate, positive correlations between body dissatisfaction and self-objectification, and between body shame and self-objectification, for each of the sub-samples. The majority of samples were predominantly White and cisgender female, suggesting the need for additional research examining these constructs among racial and gender minority populations. Overall, the results of this review highlight the unique contributions of body shame and body dissatisfaction to self-objectifying behaviors, and identify the moderating role of race and gender in these interrelations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Saunders
- Psychology Convening Group, Ramapo College of New Jersey, 505 Ramapo Valley Rd, Mahwah, NJ 07430, USA.
| | - Sarah Nutter
- Educational Psychology & Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - Rachel Waugh
- Educational Psychology & Leadership Studies, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Rd, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada.
| | - K Alix Hayden
- Health Sciences Library, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
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Zhu H, Li X, Zhang H, Lin X, Qu Y, Yang L, Ma Q, Zhou C. The association between proactive personality and interprofessional learning readiness in nursing students: The chain medication effects of perceived social support and professional identity. NURSE EDUCATION TODAY 2024; 140:106266. [PMID: 38833758 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2024.106266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional education (IPE) has been advocated for all healthcare students, and readiness for interprofessional learning significantly influences its effectiveness. It is essential to explore the antecedent factors of readiness for interprofessional learning among nursing students to promote IPE. While a proactive personality might impact readiness for interprofessional learning, its specific role has remained unspecified. OBJECTIVE To examine the mediation effects of perceived social support and professional identity on the association between proactive personality and readiness for interprofessional learning among nursing students. DESIGN The study utilised a cross-sectional design. SETTINGS Research was conducted at two universities and two vocational schools in Hainan Province, China. PARTICIPANTS On-campus nursing students were invited to participate between March and May 2023. METHODS A flyer was distributed to the participants with a QR code to scan to voluntarily complete the online survey, including the Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS), Proactive Personality Scale, Perceived Social Support Scale and Professional Identity Status Questionnaire Scale 5d. Descriptive analysis, Pearson associations and mediation analysis were conducted using SPSS software version 26.0 and PROCESS version 4.2 for SPSS. RESULTS The participants' average RIPLS score was 66.93 ± 9.28. Proactive personality (r = 0.633, p < 0.01), perceived social support (r = 0.605, p < 0.01) and professional identity (r = 0.549, p < 0.01) were all positively related to readiness for interprofessional learning. Meanwhile, the relationship between proactive personality and readiness for interprofessional learning was partly mediated by perceived social support (25.15 %), professional identity (13.35 %) and the chain effects (9.48 %) of perceived social support and professional identity. CONCLUSIONS The nursing students in Hainan, China demonstrated a medium level of readiness for interprofessional learning. Compound strategies that foster proactive personality, provide social support and boost positive professional identity are warranted to improve nursing students' readiness for interprofessional learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrui Zhu
- Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Chengxi District, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China; Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xianhong Li
- Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China.
| | - Hua Zhang
- Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Chengxi District, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Xiujin Lin
- Hainan Health Vocational College, 32 Xiuhua Road, Xiuying District, Haikou 570311, Hainan, China
| | - You Qu
- Hainan Medical University, 3 Xueyuan Road, Chengxi District, Haikou 571199, Hainan, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Central South University, 172 Tongzipo Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Sanya College, 191 Xueyuan Road, Jiyang District, Sanya 572022, Hainan, China
| | - Chenchen Zhou
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13 Hangkong Road, Xunkou District, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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Wilson LC, Riordan A, Nussbaum A, Krawitz J. Heart and shoal: Social cues and oxytocin receptors impact stress recovery in the zebrafish. Physiol Behav 2024; 283:114613. [PMID: 38871154 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
In many species, social interactions decrease behavioral, hormonal, and neural responses to environmental stressors. While "social buffering" and its mechanisms have received considerable attention in mammals, we know less about the phenomenon in fish. The nonapeptide oxytocin regulates social behavior across vertebrates and plays an important role in social buffering in mammals. We investigated social buffering in the zebrafish by evaluating how the social environment and oxytocin receptors impact recovery from an acute stressor. Male and female fish were briefly exposed to alarm substance and recovered either in isolation or within view of a stimulus shoal. Alarm substance did not increase social approach, but social stimuli improved behavioral stress recovery. Oxytocin receptor antagonism decreased social approach during stress recovery and impaired stress recovery exclusively in individuals with access to visual social stimuli. Our findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that social stimuli buffer stress responses in fish and suggest that oxytocin receptors may play a role in socially-buffered stress recovery across taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Wilson
- Neuroscience Department, Muhlenberg College, 240W Chew St, Allentown, PA 18104, USA.
| | - Anna Riordan
- Neuroscience Department, Muhlenberg College, 240W Chew St, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - April Nussbaum
- Neuroscience Department, Muhlenberg College, 240W Chew St, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
| | - Jacob Krawitz
- Neuroscience Department, Muhlenberg College, 240W Chew St, Allentown, PA 18104, USA
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Khanna TM, Danilenko D, Andor M, Callaghan M, Elliott JH, Repke T, Smith LA, Sanchez J, Bhumika TV, Minx JC. PROTOCOL: Behavioral, information and monetary interventions to reduce energy consumption in households: A "living" systematic review. CAMPBELL SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2024; 20:e1424. [PMID: 38994501 PMCID: PMC11237337 DOI: 10.1002/cl2.1424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: Our proposed systematic review and meta-analysis will integrate the evidence available from all sources to answer the following questions: (1) to what extent can information, behavioral and monetary interventions reduce energy consumption of households in residential buildings? (average treatment effect of interventions) (2) what is the relative effectiveness of interventions? (account for heterogeneity in treatment effects across and within studies) (3) how effective are combinations of different interventions?
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44
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Aktar E, Venetikidi M, Bockstaele BV, Giessen DVD, Pérez-Edgar K. Pupillary Responses to Dynamic Negative Versus Positive Facial Expressions of Emotion in Children and Parents: Links to Depression and Anxiety. Dev Psychobiol 2024; 66:e22522. [PMID: 38967122 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Witnessing emotional expressions in others triggers physiological arousal in humans. The current study focused on pupil responses to emotional expressions in a community sample as a physiological index of arousal and attention. We explored the associations between parents' and offspring's responses to dynamic facial expressions of emotion, as well as the links between pupil responses and anxiety/depression. Children (N = 90, MAge = 10.13, range = 7.21-12.94, 47 girls) participated in this lab study with one of their parents (47 mothers). Pupil responses were assessed in a computer task with dynamic happy, angry, fearful, and sad expressions, while participants verbally labeled the emotion displayed on the screen as quickly as possible. Parents and children reported anxiety and depression symptoms in questionnaires. Both parents and children showed stronger pupillary responses to negative versus positive expressions, and children's responses were overall stronger than those of parents. We also found links between the pupil responses of parents and children to negative, especially to angry faces. Child pupil responses were related to their own and their parents' anxiety levels and to their parents' (but not their own) depression. We conclude that child pupils are sensitive to individual differences in parents' pupils and emotional dispositions in community samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evin Aktar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marianna Venetikidi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bram van Bockstaele
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Danielle van der Giessen
- Research Institute Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koraly Pérez-Edgar
- Child Study Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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Miao M, Chen Y, Zhou Z, Wen J, Zheng L. Procrastination in the Intention-Behaviour gap: Exercise procrastination and the moderating role of emotion. PSYCHOLOGY OF SPORT AND EXERCISE 2024; 74:102672. [PMID: 38782107 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2024.102672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Health behaviour procrastination is closely associated with the intention-behaviour gap. However, research on health behaviour procrastination has tended to focus on bedtime procrastination, with relatively few studies on exercise procrastination. This research examined the relationship between exercise procrastination and the intention-behaviour gap through three studies. Additionally, based on the temporal-affective self-regulation resource model, the moderating role of emotion as a self-regulatory resource in exercise procrastination was explored. Study 1 validated the Chinese version of the newly developed Procrastination in Exercise Scale in two Chinese adult samples (N = 2376 and N = 393). Study 2 collected two waves of data from 447 Chinese adults (Mage = 31.19) and examined the mediating role of exercise procrastination in the intention-behaviour gap. Using a sample of 453 Chinese adults (Mage = 20.39), Study 3 investigated the moderating role of positive and negative affect in the association between intention and exercise procrastination. Cross-lagged analyses revealed the predictive roles of Time 1 intention on Time 2 exercise procrastination and Time 1 exercise procrastination on Time 2 physical activity. Exercise procrastination mediated the relationship between intention and physical activity. Examining the moderating role of emotion between intention (Time 1) and exercise procrastination (Time 2), Study 3 found that negative affect buffered this association. Findings highlight the role of exercise procrastination in explaining the intention-behaviour gap and shed new light on physical activity interventions, with implications for promoting exercise behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Miao
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Bejing, China
| | - Yidi Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Beijing Forestry University, Bejing, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Bejing, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Bejing, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- School of Business, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau; School of Economics and Management, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China.
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Rakoczy K, Kaczor J, Sołtyk A, Jonderko L, Sędzik M, Lizon J, Lewandowska A, Saczko M, Kulbacka J. Pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods' complicity with breast cancer occurrence. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112264. [PMID: 38705365 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Reproductive factors play significantly important roles in determining the breast cancer (BC) risk. The impact of pregnancy, abortion, and birth control methods on tumor development remains unclear. It has been found that early full-term pregnancies in young women can lower their lifetime risk of developing the type of cancer in question. However, having a first full-term pregnancy at an older age can increase this risk. The relationship between pregnancy and breast cancer (BC) is, however, much more complicated. Both induced and spontaneous abortions lead to sudden changes in hormonal balance, which could cause different effects on sensitive breast epithelial cells, making abortion a potential risk factor for breast cancer. The influence of hormonal contraception on carcinogenesis is not comprehensively understood, and therefore, more exhaustive analysis of existing data and further investigation is needed. This review explores how the mentioned reproductive factors affect the risk of breast cancer (BC), focusing on the molecular mechanisms that contribute to its complexity. By comprehending this intricate network of relationships, we can develop new strategies for predicting and treating the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Rakoczy
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Kaczor
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Adam Sołtyk
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Laura Jonderko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mikołaj Sędzik
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julia Lizon
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Lewandowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, J. Mikulicza-Radeckiego 5, 50-345, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Saczko
- A. Falkiewicz Specialist Hospital in Wroclaw, Warszawska 2, 52-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Julita Kulbacka
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211a, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Immunology and Bioelectrochemistry, State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Santariškių 5, 08410, Vilnius, Lithuania.
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47
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Keigan J, De Los Santos B, Gaither SE, Walker DC. The relationship between racial/ethnic identification and body ideal internalization, hair satisfaction, and skin tone satisfaction in black and black/white biracial women. Body Image 2024; 50:101719. [PMID: 38788592 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2024.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Eurocentric physical characteristics, including a thin, tall physique, long straight hair, and fair skin, typify Western beauty standards. Past research indicates that for Black women, greater identification with one's racial/ethnic culture may buffer against internalizing Eurocentric beauty standards, specifically the thin ideal. Black/White Biracial women often experience different appearance pressures from each of their racial identity's sociocultural appearance ideals. Unfortunately, body image research is limited among Bi/Multiracial individuals. Participants were recruited online via Prime Panels, a high-quality data recruitment service provided by CloudResearch. Participants, M(SD)Age= 34.64 (12.85), self-reported their racial/ethnic identification, thin and thick/curvy ideal internalization, and hair and skin tone satisfaction. Using linear regression analyses, we assessed whether racial/ethnic identification buffered against monoracial Black (n = 317) and Black/White Biracial (n = 254) women's thin ideal internalization. Additionally, we assessed whether stronger racial/ethnic identity was associated with stronger thick/curvy ideal internalization and hair and skin tone satisfaction. Supporting hypotheses, greater racial/ethnic identification was associated with higher thick/curvy ideal internalization and hair and skin tone satisfaction among both Black and Biracial women. Contrary to hypotheses, greater racial/ethnic identification was not associated with lower thin ideal internalization in either group. Our results stress the need to use racially and culturally sensitive measurements of body image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Keigan
- Union College, Department of Psychology, 807 Union Street, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
| | - Bonelyn De Los Santos
- Union College, Department of Psychology, 807 Union Street, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA
| | - Sarah E Gaither
- Duke University, Department of Psychology, 417 Chapel Dr, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - D Catherine Walker
- Union College, Department of Psychology, 807 Union Street, Schenectady, NY 12308, USA.
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48
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Sur MH, Shapiro DR, Li H. Measurement of basic psychological needs for physical activity participation for college students with intellectual disabilities: A validation study. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2024; 37:e13246. [PMID: 38982871 DOI: 10.1111/jar.13246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement instruments to understand self-determined motivation towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities are needed to develop programs to support physical and psychological health and well-being. The purpose of the current study was to validate a modified questionnaire measuring basic psychological needs towards physical activity among college students with intellectual disabilities. METHODS A total of 108 college students with intellectual disabilities completed the modified questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was examined. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated a six-factor model had good model fit. Cronbach's alpha values showed acceptable reliability evidence of the instrument as a whole, although some alpha values in subdomains of the instrument were below acceptable values. CONCLUSION The modified questionnaire was found to have acceptable validity evidence. Further studies are needed with refinement of answer options and the addition of more questions to increase reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung Ha Sur
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin - Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Deborah R Shapiro
- Department of Kinesiology and Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Hongli Li
- Department of Educational Policy Studies, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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49
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Khosravani V, Sharifibastan F, Aghaeimazraji M, Berk M, Samimi Ardestani SM. The contribution of alexithymia, childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, and thyroid hormones to aggression and psychological distress (depression and anxiety) in schizophrenia. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107087. [PMID: 38820716 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
There are individual effects of alexithymia, childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, and some biological markers on aggression and psychological distress in schizophrenia. However, the combined effects of these psychological and biological markers have not yet been fully studied. This study therefore aimed to investigate the influence of these psychological and biological markers on aggression and psychological distress (e.g., depression and anxiety) in inpatients with schizophrenia (n = 355). Participants completed self-report and clinician-rated scales, and blood samples were collected. There were no significant differences between patients with and without alexithymia regarding biological markers. Patients with childhood maltreatment exhibited higher levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3) and C-reactive protein (CRP), as well as lower total cholesterol (TC) levels, compared to non-traumatized individuals. Aggression was positively predicted by psychological distress, alexithymia, childhood maltreatment, impulsivity, CRP, and FT3, and negatively by TC and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Negative symptoms, childhood maltreatment, alexithymia, aggression, and CRP positively, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol negatively emerged as predictors of psychological distress. The study highlights the connections between childhood maltreatment, alexithymia, impulsivity, and potentially related biological dysregulation in explaining aggression and negative mood states as a bio-psychological model of aggression and mood in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Khosravani
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farangis Sharifibastan
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Morteza Aghaeimazraji
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; University of Melbourne, Department of Psychiatry, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Seyed Mehdi Samimi Ardestani
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Imam Hossein Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Reichl C, Schär S, Lerch S, Hedinger N, Brunner R, Koenig J, Kaess M. Two-year course of non-suicidal self-injury in an adolescent clinical cohort: The role of childhood adversity in interaction with cortisol secretion. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 167:107093. [PMID: 38889567 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2024.107093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
AIM Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a highly prevalent phenomenon during adolescence. Nonetheless, research on predictors of the clinical course of NSSI over time is still scarce. The present study aimed at investigating the impact of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning on the longitudinal course of NSSI. METHODS In a sample of n = 51 help-seeking adolescents engaging in NSSI, diurnal cortisol secretion (CAR, cortisol awakening response; DSL, diurnal slope), hair cortisol concentrations and ACE were assessed at baseline. Clinical outcome was defined by change in the frequency of NSSI in the past 6 months measured 12 and 24 months after the baseline assessments. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to test for effects of ACE and HPA axis functioning on the course of NSSI. RESULTS ACE and HPA axis functioning did not show main but interaction effects in the prediction of NSSI frequency over time: Adolescents with a low severity of ACE and either an increased CAR or a flattened DSL showed a steep decline of NSSI frequency in the first year followed by a subsequent increase of NSSI frequency in the second year. CONCLUSIONS Our findings could be interpreted in the sense of high diurnal cortisol concentrations in the absence of ACE being favorable for clinical improvement on the short-term but bearing a risk of allostatic load and subsequent increase of NSSI frequency. In contrast, adolescents with severe ACE may benefit from elevated cortisol concentrations leading to slower but lasting decreases of NSSI frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Reichl
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Selina Schär
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Lerch
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Hedinger
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Centre for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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