99751
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Zhigalov A, Duecker K, Jensen O. The visual cortex produces gamma band echo in response to broadband visual flicker. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009046. [PMID: 34061835 PMCID: PMC8195374 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to uncover the network dynamics of the human visual cortex by driving it with a broadband random visual flicker. We here applied a broadband flicker (1-720 Hz) while measuring the MEG and then estimated the temporal response function (TRF) between the visual input and the MEG response. This TRF revealed an early response in the 40-60 Hz gamma range as well as in the 8-12 Hz alpha band. While the gamma band response is novel, the latter has been termed the alpha band perceptual echo. The gamma echo preceded the alpha perceptual echo. The dominant frequency of the gamma echo was subject-specific thereby reflecting the individual dynamical properties of the early visual cortex. To understand the neuronal mechanisms generating the gamma echo, we implemented a pyramidal-interneuron gamma (PING) model that produces gamma oscillations in the presence of constant input currents. Applying a broadband input current mimicking the visual stimulation allowed us to estimate TRF between the input current and the population response (akin to the local field potentials). The TRF revealed a gamma echo that was similar to the one we observed in the MEG data. Our results suggest that the visual gamma echo can be explained by the dynamics of the PING model even in the absence of sustained gamma oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Zhigalov
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Katharina Duecker
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ole Jensen
- Centre for Human Brain Health, School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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99752
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Hu RK, Zuo Y, Ly T, Wang J, Meera P, Wu YE, Hong W. An amygdala-to-hypothalamus circuit for social reward. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:831-842. [PMID: 33820999 PMCID: PMC8236486 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00828-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Social interactions and relationships are often rewarding, but the neural mechanisms through which social interaction drives positive experience remain poorly understood. In this study, we developed an automated operant conditioning system to measure social reward in mice and found that adult mice of both sexes display robust reinforcement of social interaction. Through cell-type-specific manipulations, we identified a crucial role for GABAergic neurons in the medial amygdala (MeA) in promoting the positive reinforcement of social interaction. Moreover, MeA GABAergic neurons mediate social reinforcement behavior through their projections to the medial preoptic area (MPOA) and promote dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens. Finally, activation of this MeA-to-MPOA circuit can robustly overcome avoidance behavior. Together, these findings establish the MeA as a key node for regulating social reward in both sexes, providing new insights into the regulation of social reward beyond the classic mesolimbic reward system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng K. Hu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yanning Zuo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Truong Ly
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pratap Meera
- Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ye Emily Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Weizhe Hong
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurobiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,
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99753
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Nayeri T, Sarvi S, Sharif M, Daryani A. Toxoplasma gondii: A possible etiologic agent for Alzheimer's disease. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07151. [PMID: 34141920 PMCID: PMC8187970 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is one of the most pervasive neurotropic pathogens causing different lesions in a wide variety of mammals as intermediate hosts, including humans. It is estimated that one-third of the world population is infected with T. gondii; however, for a long time, there has been much interest in the examination of the possible role of this parasite in the development of mental disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). T. gondii may play a role in the progression of AD using mechanisms, such as the induction of the host's immune responses, inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), alteration in the levels of neurotransmitters, and activation of indoleamine-2,3-dyoxigenase. This paper presents an appraisal of the literature, reports, and studies that seek to the possible role of T. gondii in the development of AD. For achieving the purpose of the current study, a search of six English databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Scopus, ProQuest, and Google Scholar) was performed. The results support the involvement of T. gondii in the induction and development of AD. Indeed, T. gondii can be considered a risk factor for the development of AD and requires the special attention of specialists and patients. Furthermore, the results of this study may contribute to prevent or delay the progress of AD worldwide. Therefore, it is required to carry out further studies in order to better perceive the parasitic mechanisms in the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tooran Nayeri
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Shahabeddin Sarvi
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mehdi Sharif
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Ahmad Daryani
- Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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99754
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Mailhot N, Cheriton R, Vyas K, Cook J, Prawer S, Hinzer K, Spinello D. Eighty-Five Percent of Improved Optical Power Delivery to Epiretinal Prostheses Using Rigid Body Compensation Algorithm. J Biomech Eng 2021; 143:061009. [PMID: 33537711 DOI: 10.1115/1.4050026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Vision impairment caused by degenerative retinal pathologies such as age-related macular degeneration can be treated using retinal implants. Such devices receive power and data using cables passing through a permanent surgical incision in the eye wall (sclera), which increases the risk to patients and surgical costs. A recently developed retinal implant design eliminates the necessity of the implant cable using a photonic power converter (PPC), which receives optical power and data through the pupil and is directed by an ellipsoidal reflector and micro-electromechanical mirror. We present a misalignment compensation algorithm model that accounts for rigid-body motions of the reflector relative to the eye and applies the correction to the mirror coordinates in the presence of angular misalignment of the reflector. We demonstrate that up to 85% of the nominal optical power can be delivered to the implant with axial reflector misalignments up to 30 deg using the compensation algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Mailhot
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6M6, Canada
| | - Ross Cheriton
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON K1N 6M6, Canada
| | - Kaustubh Vyas
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6M6, Canada
| | - John Cook
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6M6, Canada
| | - Steven Prawer
- Department of Physics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Karin Hinzer
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6M6, Canada
| | - Davide Spinello
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6M6, Canada
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99755
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Yuan H, Hu H, Chen R, Mu W, Wang L, Li Y, Chen Y, Ding X, Xi Y, Mao S, Jiang M, Chen J, He Y, Wang L, Dong Y, Tou J, Chen W. Premigratory neural crest stem cells generate enteric neurons populating the mouse colon and regulating peristalsis in tissue-engineered intestine. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:922-938. [PMID: 33481357 PMCID: PMC8133337 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a common congenital defect. It occurs when bowel colonization by neural crest-derived enteric nervous system (ENS) precursors is incomplete during the first trimester of pregnancy. Several sources of candidate cells have been previously studied for their capacity to regenerate the ENS, including enteric neural crest stem cells (En-NCSCs) derived from native intestine or those simulated from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). However, it is not yet known whether the native NCSCs other than En-NCSCs would have the potential of regenerating functional enteric neurons and producing neuron dependent motility under the intestinal environment. The present study was designed to determine whether premigratory NCSCs (pNCSCs), as a type of the nonenteric NCSCs, could form enteric neurons and mediate the motility. pNCSCs were firstly transplanted into the colon of adult mice, and were found to survive, migrate, differentiate into enteric neurons, and successfully integrate into the adult mouse colon. When the mixture of pNCSCs and human intestinal organoids was implanted into the subrenal capsule of nude mice and grown into the mature tissue-engineered intestine (TEI), the pNCSCs-derived neurons mediated neuron-dependent peristalsis of TEI. These results show that the pNCSCs that were previously assumed to not be induced by intestinal environment or cues can innervate the intestine and establish neuron-dependent motility. Future cell candidates for ENS regeneration may include nonenteric NCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huipu Yuan
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineHangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Rui Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryChildren's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Mu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institutes of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuelei Chen
- Cell Bank/Stem Cell BankInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- Cell Bank/Stem Cell BankInstitute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yongmei Xi
- Institute of Genetics and Department of Genetics, Division of Human Reproduction and Developmental Genetics of the Women's HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - ShanShan Mao
- Department of Internal NeurologyChildren's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Mizu Jiang
- Department of GastroenterologyZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryXinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power and Mechatronic Systems School of Mechanical EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Lang Wang
- Interdisciplinary Institutes of Neuroscience and Technology, Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yi Dong
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention of Ministry of Education, School of Physical Education & Health CareEast China Normal UniversityShanghaiPeople's Republic of China
| | - Jinfa Tou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of Neonatal SurgeryChildren's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, and Children's Hospital Affiliated and Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Neonatal Diseases of Zhejiang Province, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child HealthHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
- Department of NeurobiologyInstitute of Neuroscience, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouPeople's Republic of China
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99756
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Foesleitner O, Sigl B, Schmidbauer V, Nenning KH, Pataraia E, Bartha-Doering L, Baumgartner C, Pirker S, Moser D, Schwarz M, Hainfellner JA, Czech T, Dorfer C, Langs G, Prayer D, Bonelli S, Kasprian G. Language network reorganization before and after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. J Neurosurg 2021; 134:1694-1702. [PMID: 32619977 DOI: 10.3171/2020.4.jns193401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy surgery is the recommended treatment option for patients with drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). This method offers a good chance of seizure freedom but carries a considerable risk of postoperative language impairment. The extremely variable neurocognitive profiles in surgical epilepsy patients cannot be fully explained by extent of resection, fiber integrity, or current task-based functional MRI (fMRI). In this study, the authors aimed to investigate pathology- and surgery-triggered language organization in TLE by using fMRI activation and network analysis as well as considering structural and neuropsychological measures. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with unilateral TLE (16 right, 12 left) underwent T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and task-based language fMRI pre- and postoperatively (n = 15 anterior temporal lobectomy, n = 11 selective amygdalohippocampectomy, n = 2 focal resection). Twenty-two healthy subjects served as the control cohort. Functional connectivity, activation maps, and laterality indices for language dominance were analyzed from fMRI data. Postoperative fractional anisotropy values of 7 major tracts were calculated. Naming, semantic, and phonematic verbal fluency scores before and after surgery were correlated with imaging parameters. RESULTS fMRI network analysis revealed widespread, bihemispheric alterations in language architecture that were not captured by activation analysis. These network changes were found preoperatively and proceeded after surgery with characteristic patterns in the left and right TLEs. Ipsilesional fronto-temporal connectivity decreased in both left and right TLE. In left TLE specifically, preoperative atypical language dominance predicted better postoperative verbal fluency and naming function. In right TLE, left frontal language dominance correlated with good semantic verbal fluency before and after surgery, and left fronto-temporal language laterality predicted good naming outcome. Ongoing seizures after surgery (Engel classes ID-IV) were associated with naming deterioration irrespective of seizure side. Functional findings were not explained by the extent of resection or integrity of major white matter tracts. CONCLUSIONS Functional connectivity analysis contributes unique insight into bihemispheric remodeling processes of language networks after epilepsy surgery, with characteristic findings in left and right TLE. Presurgical contralateral language recruitment is associated with better postsurgical language outcome in left and right TLE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin Sigl
- Departments of1Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Susanne Pirker
- 4General Hospital Hietzing with Neurological Center Rosenhuegel, Vienna; and
| | | | | | | | - Thomas Czech
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dorfer
- 6Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Langs
- Departments of1Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Departments of1Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy
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99757
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Zajkowska Z, Walsh A, Zonca V, Gullett N, Pedersen GA, Kieling C, Swartz JR, Karmacharya R, Fisher HL, Kohrt BA, Mondelli V. A systematic review of the association between biological markers and environmental stress risk factors for adolescent depression. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 138:163-175. [PMID: 33857787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the aetiology and pathophysiology of depression are multifactorial, to date most studies have examined either biological or environmental mechanisms without looking at the integration of both; with most studies conducted in high-income countries (HICs). Therefore, we conducted a systematic review of worldwide studies investigating the relationship between biological and environmental stress risk factors for major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescence. METHODS We searched MEDLINE (via Ovid), PsycINFO, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Web of Science (Core Collection), Lilacs, African Journals Online and Global Health for prospective and cross-sectional studies that examined the association between biological markers and environmental stress risk factors in MDD during adolescence. FINDINGS Of 11,089 articles identified, 21 were included, with only two from middle-income countries. Increased inflammation, telomere length and brain abnormalities, including blunted reward-related activity, white matter disruptions, and altered volume of limbic brain regions, were associated with increased risk for MDD mainly in the context of early life adversity. There is little evidence suggesting that the neurobiological changes investigated were associated with MDD in the context of recent life stress. INTERPRETATION The developmental trajectory of depression appears to start with early life adversities and occurs in the context of immune and brain abnormalities. Understanding these biopsychosocial processes will help to improve our ability to detect individuals at risk of developing depression in adolescence. However, generalizability is limited by few studies examining both biological and environmental stress risk factors and a lack of studies on adolescents and young adults in low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Zajkowska
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Annabel Walsh
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Valentina Zonca
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Nancy Gullett
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.
| | - Gloria A Pedersen
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2120 L St NW, Ste 600, Washington DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Christian Kieling
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350 - 400N, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-903, Brazil.
| | - Johnna R Swartz
- University of California, Davis, Department of Human Ecology, 1 Shields Ave. University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Rakesh Karmacharya
- Harvard University, Center for Genomic Medicine, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
| | - Helen L Fisher
- King's College London, Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK; ESRC Centre for Society and Mental Health, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Division of Global Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, 2120 L St NW, Ste 600, Washington DC, 20037, USA.
| | - Valeria Mondelli
- King's College London, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King's College London, London, UK.
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99758
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Pagliarini S, Leblois A, Hinaut X. Vocal Imitation in Sensorimotor Learning Models: A Comparative Review. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2020.3041179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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99759
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Wu K, Wang H, Abolfazli Esfahani M, Yuan S. BND*-DDQN: Learn to Steer Autonomously Through Deep Reinforcement Learning. IEEE Trans Cogn Dev Syst 2021. [DOI: 10.1109/tcds.2019.2928820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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99760
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Brain–stomach coupling: Anatomy, functions, and future avenues of research. CURRENT OPINION IN BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cobme.2021.100270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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99761
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Herman A, Bajaka A. The role of the intestinal microbiota in eating disorders - bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder. Psychiatry Res 2021; 300:113923. [PMID: 33857846 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED) are both eating disorders (EDs) characterised by episodes of overeating in which large amounts of food are consumed in short periods. The aetiology of BN and BED is not fully understood. Psychological and social factors influence the development of BN and BED, but biological factors such as neurohormones that regulate hunger and satiety, or neurotransmitters responsible for mood and anxiety play a significant role in sustaining symptoms. Increasing numbers of studies confirm the relationship between the composition of intestinal microbiota and the regulation of appetite, mood, and body mass. In this manuscript, we will describe the mechanisms by which intestinal dysbiosis can play an important role in the aetiology of binge eating episodes based on current understanding. Understanding the two-way relationship between BN and BED and alterations in the intestinal microbiota suggest the utility of new treatment methods of these disorders aimed at improving the composition of the intestinal microflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Herman
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Żwirki i Wigury St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Armand Bajaka
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, 61 Żwirki i Wigury St., 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
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99762
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Lambru G, Benemei S, Andreou AP, Luciani M, Serafini G, van den Brink AM, Martelletti P. Position Paper on Post-Traumatic Headache: The Relationship Between Head Trauma, Stress Disorder, and Migraine. Pain Ther 2021; 10:1-13. [PMID: 33247827 PMCID: PMC8119555 DOI: 10.1007/s40122-020-00220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is a major public health concern, with mild TBI (mTBI) constituting the vast majority of the injuries. Post-traumatic headache (PTH) is one of the most frequent symptoms that follow a mTBI, occurring in isolation with a tension-type or migraine phenotype, or more often as part of a complex neurobehavioural array of symptoms. The existence of PTH as a separate entity from the primary headaches is still a matter of debate. Classification issues and a lack of methodologically robust epidemiological and clinical studies have made it difficult to elucidate the mechanisms underlying acute and even more persistent PTH (PPTH). Furthermore, psychiatric comorbidities such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), previous history of migraine, and legal issues often reported by PPTH patients have complicated the understanding of this condition, hence treatment approaches for PTH remain problematic. Recent findings from structural and functional neuroimaging studies have attempted to describe the brain architecture of PPTH, suggesting the involvement of different networks compared to migraine. It also seems that calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels are not particularly raised in PPTH, although CGRP monoclonal antibodies have obtained positive initial open-label evidence of efficacy in PPTH, and more trials assessing the efficacy of this class of treatments are underway. The broad overlap between PTH, migraine, and PTSD suggests that research in this field should start with a re-appraisal of the diagnostic criteria, followed by methodologically sound epidemiological and clinical studies. Preclinical research should strive to create more reliable PTH models to support human neuroimaging, neurochemical, and neurogenetic studies, aiming to underpin new pathophysiological hypotheses that may expand treatment targets and improve the management of PTH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Lambru
- The Headache Service, Pain Management and Neuromodulation Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's and St Thomas, London, UK.
| | - Silvia Benemei
- Health Sciences Department, Careggi University Hospital, University of Florence, and Headache Centre, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna P Andreou
- The Headache Service, Pain Management and Neuromodulation Centre, NHS Foundation Trust, Guy's and St Thomas, London, UK
- Headache Research, Wolfson CARD, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Michelangelo Luciani
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Regional Referral Headache Centre, DAI Medical Sciences, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Serafini
- Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal Childhood Sciences, Psychiatry Unit, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Martelletti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
- Emergency Medicine Unit, Regional Referral Headache Centre, DAI Medical Sciences, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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99763
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Cuneo MG, Szeto A, Schrepf A, Thaker PH, Goodheart M, Cole SW, Sood AK, McCabe PM, Mendez AJ, Lutgendorf SK. Positive Psychosocial Factors and Oxytocin in the Ovarian Tumor Microenvironment. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:417-422. [PMID: 34080583 PMCID: PMC8175871 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Clinical ovarian cancer research shows relationships between psychosocial factors and disease-promoting aspects of the stress response (e.g., norepinephrine and cortisol). However, little is known about how psychosocial factors might relate to beneficial hormones in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Here we examine relationships between psychosocial factors and tumor-associated oxytocin, a hormone linked to survival and antitumor processes in ovarian cancer. METHODS Patients with ovarian cancer (n = 96) completed assessments of positive psychosocial factors (social support, positive affect, and purpose in life) and distress (perceived stress and depression) at the time of surgery. Levels of oxytocin and interleukin (IL) 6 in ascites fluid were obtained during surgery and analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Multiple regression analyses adjusting a priori for patient age and disease stage examined associations between psychosocial factors and ascites oxytocin. IL-6 was used as a covariate in secondary analyses to examine the potentially confounding effects of inflammation in these relationships. RESULTS Higher levels of positive affect (β = 0.22, p = .034), purpose in life (β = 0.31, p = .021), and social nurturance (β = 0.24, p = .024) were all related to higher levels of tumor-associated oxytocin at the time of surgery. In contrast, we found no effects for distress or social attachment. Relationships between oxytocin, purpose in life, and social nurturance were independent of IL-6, whereas positive affect was no longer significant with IL-6 in the model. CONCLUSIONS Tumor-associated oxytocin may be a previously uninvestigated link in the relationship between psychosocial factors and health in ovarian cancer. Future studies should examine causal mechanisms of relationships observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andrew Schrepf
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
University of Iowa
| | - Premal H. Thaker
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Michael Goodheart
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of
Iowa
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of Iowa
| | - Steve W. Cole
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology and
Molecular Biology Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of
California, Los Angeles
| | - Anil K. Sood
- Departments of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Biology and
Center for RNA Interference and Noncoding RNA, University of Texas M.D. Anderson
Cancer Center
| | | | - Armando J. Mendez
- Diabetes Research Institute, Division of Endocrinology,
Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine,
University of Miami
| | - Susan K. Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences,
University of Iowa
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of
Iowa
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics
and Gynecology, University of Iowa
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99764
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99765
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Feld GB, Bergmann TO, Alizadeh-Asfestani M, Stuke V, Wriede JP, Soekadar S, Born J. Specific changes in sleep oscillations after blocking human metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 in the absence of altered memory function. J Psychopharmacol 2021; 35:652-667. [PMID: 33899580 DOI: 10.1177/02698811211005627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep consolidates declarative memory by repeated replay linked to the cardinal oscillations of non-rapid eye movement (NonREM) sleep. However, there is so far little evidence of classical glutamatergic plasticity induced by this replay. Rather, we have previously reported that blocking N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) or α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors does not affect sleep-dependent consolidation of declarative memory. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the role of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) in memory processing during sleep. METHODS In two placebo-controlled within-subject crossover experiments with 20 healthy humans each, we used fenobam to block mGluR5 during sleep. In Experiment I, participants learned word-pairs (declarative task) and a finger sequence (procedural task) in the evening, then received the drug and recall was tested the next morning. To cover possible effects on synaptic renormalization processes during sleep, in Experiment II participants learned new word-pairs in the morning after sleep. RESULTS/OUTCOMES Surprisingly, fenobam neither reduced retention of memory across sleep nor new learning after sleep, although it severely altered sleep architecture and memory-relevant EEG oscillations. In NonREM sleep, fenobam suppressed 12-15 Hz spindles but augmented 2-4 Hz delta waves, whereas in rapid eye movement (REM) sleep it suppressed 4-8 Hz theta and 16-22 Hz beta waves. Notably, under fenobam NonREM spindles became more consistently phase-coupled to the slow oscillation. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATIONS Our findings indicate that mGluR5-related plasticity is not essential for memory processing during sleep, even though mGlurR5 are strongly implicated in the regulation of the cardinal sleep oscillations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordon B Feld
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Addiction Behavior and Addiction Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Til O Bergmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Resilience Research (LIR), Mainz, Germany.,Department of Neurology & Stroke, and Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Neuroimaging Center (NIC), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marjan Alizadeh-Asfestani
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Viola Stuke
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Wriede
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Surjo Soekadar
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Born
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), University Medical Centre Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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99766
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Pfabigan DM, Rütgen M, Kroll SL, Riečanský I, Lamm C. The administration of the opioid buprenorphine decreases motivational error signals. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 128:105199. [PMID: 33933894 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While opioid addiction has reached pandemic proportions, we still lack a good understanding of how the administration of opioids interacts with cognitive functions. Error processing - the ability to detect erroneous actions and correct one's behaviour afterwards - is one such cognitive function that might be susceptible to opioidergic influences. Errors are hypothesised to induce aversive negative arousal, while opioids have been suggested to reduce aversive arousal induced by unpleasant and stressful stimuli. Thus, this study investigated whether the acute administration of an opioid would affect error processing. In a double-blind between-subject study, 42 male volunteers were recruited and received either 0.2 mg buprenorphine (a partial µ-opioid receptor agonist and κ-opioid receptor antagonist) or a placebo pill before they performed a stimulus-response task provoking errors. Electroencephalograms (EEG) were recorded while participants performed the task. We observed no group differences in terms of reaction times, error rates, and affective state ratings during the task between buprenorphine and control participants. Additional measures of adaptive control, however, showed interfering effects of buprenorphine administration. On the neural level, decreased Pe (Error Positivity) amplitudes were found in buprenorphine compared to control participants following error commission. Further, frontal delta oscillations were decreased in the buprenorphine group after all responses. Our neural results jointly demonstrate a general reduction in error processing in those participants who received an opioid before task completion, thereby suggesting that opioids might have indeed the potential to dampen motivational error signals. Importantly, the effects of the opioid were evident in more elaborate error processing stages, thereby impacting on processes of conscious error appraisal and evidence accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Pfabigan
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, 0372 Oslo, Norway; Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - M Rütgen
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
| | - S L Kroll
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Psychiatry Building, Entrance 27, Floor 9, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - I Riečanský
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria; Department of Behavioural Neuroscience, Institute of Normal and Pathological Physiology, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Sienkiewiczova 1, Bratislava 81371, Slovakia.
| | - C Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Liebiggasse 5, 1010 Vienna, Austria.
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99767
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Chen CZ, Wu Q, Li ZY, Xiao L, Hu ZY. Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease Based on Deeply-Fused Nets. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2021; 24:781-789. [DOI: 10.2174/1386207323666200825092649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Aim and Objective:
Fast and accurate diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease is very important
for the care and further treatment of patients. Along with the development of deep learning, impressive
progress has also been made in the automatic diagnosis of AD. Most existing studies on automatic
diagnosis are concerned with a single base network, whose accuracy for disease diagnosis
still needs to be improved. This study was undertaken to propose a method to improve the accuracy
of the automatic diagnosis of AD.
Materials and Methods:
MRI image data from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were used
to train a deep learning model to achieve computer-aided diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. The data consisted
of 138 with AD, 280 with mild cognitive impairment, and 138 normal controls. Here, a new deeply-fused net
is proposed, which combines several deep convolutional neural networks, thereby avoiding the error of a single base network and increasing the classification accuracy and generalization capacity.
Results:
Experiments show that when differentiating between patients with AD, mild cognitive impairment,
and normal controls on a subset of the ADNI database without data leakage, the new architecture improves
the accuracy by about 4 percentage points as compared to a single standard base network.
Conclusion:
This new approach exhibits better performance, but there is still much to be done before its clinical application. In the future, greater research effort will be devoted to improving the performance of the
deeply-fused net.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zu Chen
- Intelligent Information Systems Institute, Department of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Qi Wu
- Intelligent Information Systems Institute, Department of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zuo Yong Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing and Intelligent Control, Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350121, China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Intelligent Information Systems Institute, Department of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zhong Yi Hu
- Intelligent Information Systems Institute, Department of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
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99768
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López-Cervantes M, Quintanar-Stephano A, Alcauter-Solórzano S, Hernández-Pando R, Aguilar-Roblero R, Gasca-Martínez D, Ortíz JJ, Vázquez-Martínez O, Ximénez-Camilli C, Díaz-Muñoz M. Cerebellar spongiform degeneration is accompanied by metabolic, cellular, and motor disruption in male rats with portacaval anastomosis. J Neurosci Res 2021; 99:2287-2304. [PMID: 34061383 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The episodes of cerebral dysfunction, known as encephalopathy, are usually coincident with liver failure. The primary metabolic marker of liver diseases is the increase in blood ammonium, which promotes neuronal damage. In the present project, we used an experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy in male rats by portacaval anastomosis (PCA) surgery. Sham rats had a false operation. After 13 weeks of surgery, the most distinctive finding was vacuolar/spongiform neurodegeneration exclusively in the molecular layer of the cerebellum. This cerebellar damage was further characterized by metabolic, histopathological, and behavioral approaches. The results were as follows: (a) Cellular alterations, namely loss of Purkinje cells, morphological changes, such as swelling of astrocytes and Bergmann glia, and activation of microglia; (b) Cytotoxic edema, shown by an increase in aquaporin-4 and N-acetylaspartate and a reduction in taurine and choline-derivate osmolytes; (c) Metabolic adjustments, noted by the elevation of circulating ammonium, enhanced presence of glutamine synthetase, and increase in glutamine and creatine/phosphocreatine; (d) Inflammasome activation, detected by the elevation of the marker NLRP3 and microglial activation; (e) Locomotor deficits in PCA rats as assessed by the Rotarod and open field tests. These results lead us to suggest that metabolic disturbances associated with PCA can generate the cerebellar damage that is similar to morphophysiological modifications observed in amyloidogenic disorders. In conclusion, we have characterized a distinctive cerebellar multi-disruption accompanied by high levels of ammonium and associated with spongiform neurodegeneration in a model of hepatic hypofunctioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra López-Cervantes
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Andrés Quintanar-Stephano
- Departmento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Centro de Ciencia Básica, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Sarael Alcauter-Solórzano
- Laboratorio Nacional de Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Rogelio Hernández-Pando
- Seccion de Patología Experimental, Departamento de Patología, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición "Salvador Zubirán", Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Raúl Aguilar-Roblero
- División de Neurociencias, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, UNAM, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Deisy Gasca-Martínez
- Unidad de Análisis Conductual, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Juan J Ortíz
- Laboratorio Nacional de Imagenología por Resonancia Magnética, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Olivia Vázquez-Martínez
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Ximénez-Camilli
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Mauricio Díaz-Muñoz
- Departamento de Neurobiología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Neurobiología, Campus UNAM-Juriquilla, Querétaro, Mexico
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99769
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Bechtiger L, Steinhoff A, Buchmann M, Shanahan L. Developmental Associations Between Sympathy and Mutual Disclosure in Friendships From Mid-Adolescence to Early Adulthood. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2021; 31:368-383. [PMID: 33432693 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sympathy is regarded as an important precursor to the development of emotional intimacy, including mutual disclosure. In turn, emotional intimacy is assumed to foster the development of sympathy. Yet, research has not examined how sympathy and mutual disclosure in generic friendships are mutually related to one another during mid-adolescence to early adulthood. Data came from three waves of the Swiss Survey of Children and Youth (COCON; N = 1,258). Bidirectional links between sympathy and mutual disclosure were tested with autoregressive cross-lagged panel analyses. Sympathy at age 15 was associated with mutual disclosure in friendships at 18, which in turn was associated with sympathy at 21. Multi-group models suggested that our model better describes these processes in females than in males.
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99770
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Morrison TN, Rizzi E, Turkkan OA, Jagacinski RJ, Su H, Wang J. Drivers' Spatio-Temporal Attentional Distributions Are Influenced by Vehicle Dynamics and Displayed Point of View. HUMAN FACTORS 2021; 63:578-591. [PMID: 32040372 DOI: 10.1177/0018720820902879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to measure drivers' attention to preview and their velocity and acceleration tracking error to evaluate two- and three-dimensional displays for following a winding roadway. BACKGROUND Display perturbation techniques and Fourier analysis of steering movements can be used to infer drivers' spatio-temporal distribution of attention to preview. Fourier analysis of tracking error time histories provides measures of position, velocity, and acceleration error. METHOD Participants tracked a winding roadway with 1 s of preview in low-fidelity driving simulations. Position and rate-aided vehicle dynamics were paired with top-down and windshield displays of the roadway. RESULTS For both vehicle dynamics, tracking was smoother with the windshield display. This display emphasizes nearer preview positions and has a closer correspondence to the control-theoretic optimal attentional distributions for these tasks than the top-down display. This correspondence is interpreted as a form of stimulus-response compatibility. The position error and attentional signal-to-noise ratios did not differ between the two displays with position control, but with more complex rate-aided control much higher position error and much lower attentional signal-to-noise ratios occurred with the top-down display. CONCLUSION Display-driven influences on the distribution of attention may facilitate tracking with preview when they are similar to optimal attentional distributions derived from control theory. APPLICATION Display perturbation techniques can be used to assess spatially distributed attention to evaluate displays and secondary tasks in the context of driving. This methodology can supplement eye movement measurements to determine what information is guiding drivers' actions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Haijun Su
- 2647 Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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99771
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Wu L, Zhou X, Cao Y, MAK SH, Zha L, Li N, Su Z, Han Y, Wang Y, Man Hoi MP, Sun Y, Zhang G, Zhang Z, Yang X. Therapeutic efficacy of novel memantine nitrate MN-08 in animal models of Alzheimer's disease. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13371. [PMID: 33955647 PMCID: PMC8208785 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of dementia in elderly individuals and therapeutic options for AD are very limited. Over‐activation of N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptors, amyloid β (Aβ) aggregation, a decrease in cerebral blood flow (CBF), and downstream pathological events play important roles in the disease progression of AD. In the present study, MN‐08, a novel memantine nitrate, was found to inhibit Aβ accumulation, prevent neuronal and dendritic spine loss, and consequently attenuate cognitive deficits in 2‐month‐old APP/PS1 transgenic mice (for a 6‐month preventative course) and in the 8‐month‐old triple‐transgenic (3×Tg‐AD) mice (for a 4‐month therapeutic course). In vitro, MN‐08 could bind to and antagonize NMDA receptors, inhibit the calcium influx, and reverse the dysregulations of ERK and PI3K/Akt/GSK3β pathway, subsequently preventing glutamate‐induced neuronal loss. In addition, MN‐08 had favorable pharmacokinetics, blood‐brain barrier penetration, and safety profiles in rats and beagle dogs. These findings suggest that the novel memantine nitrate MN‐08 may be a useful therapeutic agent for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmiao Wu
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Department of Neurology and Stroke Center The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University and Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Yiwan Cao
- Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Shing Hung MAK
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Ling Zha
- Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiyang Su
- Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Yifan Han
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology Institute of Modern Chinese Medicine The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China
| | - Yuqiang Wang
- Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Maggie Pui Man Hoi
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine and Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences University of Macau Macau China
| | - Yewei Sun
- Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Gaoxiao Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Zaijun Zhang
- Institute of New Drug Research International Cooperative Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Modernization and Innovative Drug Development of Chinese Ministry of Education Jinan University College of Pharmacy Guangzhou China
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shenzhen China
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99772
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Olson EGN, Wiens TK, Gray JR. A model of feedforward, global, and lateral inhibition in the locust visual system predicts responses to looming stimuli. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2021; 115:245-265. [PMID: 33997912 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-021-00876-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Detection of looming obstacles is a vital task for both natural and artificial systems. Locusts possess a visual nervous system with an extensively studied obstacle detection pathway, culminating in the lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) neuron. While numerous models of this system exist, none to date have incorporated recent data on the anatomy and function of feedforward and global inhibitory systems in the input network of the LGMD. Moreover, the possibility that global and lateral inhibition shape the feedforward inhibitory signals to the LGMD has not been investigated. To address these points, a novel model of feedforward inhibitory neurons in the locust optic lobe was developed based on the recent literature. This model also incorporated global and lateral inhibition into the afferent network of these neurons, based on their observed behaviour in existing data and the posited role of these mechanisms in the inputs to the LGMD. Tests with the model showed that it accurately replicates the behaviour of feedforward inhibitory neurons in locusts; the model accurately coded for stimulus angular size in an overall linear fashion, with decreasing response saturation and increasing linearity as stimulus size increased or approach velocity decreased. The model also exhibited only phasic responses to the appearance of a grating, along with sustained movement by it at constant speed. By observing the effects of altering inhibition schemes on these responses, it was determined that global inhibition serves primarily to normalize growing excitation as collision approaches, and keeps coding for subtense angle linear. Lateral inhibition was determined to suppress tonic responses to wide-field stimuli translating at constant speed. Based on these features being shared with characterizations of the LGMD input network, it was hypothesized that the feedforward inhibitory neurons and the LGMD share the same excitatory afferents; this necessitates further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik G N Olson
- University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Pl, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada.
| | - Travis K Wiens
- University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Dr, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada
| | - John R Gray
- University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Pl, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5C8, Canada
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99773
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Herzog K, Andreatta M, Schneider K, Schiele MA, Domschke K, Romanos M, Deckert J, Pauli P. Reducing Generalization of Conditioned Fear: Beneficial Impact of Fear Relevance and Feedback in Discrimination Training. Front Psychol 2021; 12:665711. [PMID: 34140918 PMCID: PMC8203828 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.665711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety patients over-generalize fear, possibly because of an incapacity to discriminate threat and safety signals. Discrimination trainings are promising approaches for reducing such fear over-generalization. Here we investigated the efficacy of a fear-relevant vs. a fear-irrelevant discrimination training on fear generalization and whether the effects are increased with feedback during training. Eighty participants underwent two fear acquisition blocks, during which one face (conditioned stimulus, CS+), but not another face (CS-), was associated with a female scream (unconditioned stimulus, US). During two generalization blocks, both CSs plus four morphs (generalization stimuli, GS1-GS4) were presented. Between these generalization blocks, half of the participants underwent a fear-relevant discrimination training (discrimination between CS+ and the other faces) with or without feedback and the other half a fear-irrelevant discrimination training (discrimination between the width of lines) with or without feedback. US expectancy, arousal, valence ratings, and skin conductance responses (SCR) indicated successful fear acquisition. Importantly, fear-relevant vs. fear-irrelevant discrimination trainings and feedback vs. no feedback reduced generalization as reflected in US expectancy ratings independently from one another. No effects of training condition were found for arousal and valence ratings or SCR. In summary, this is a first indication that fear-relevant discrimination training and feedback can improve the discrimination between threat and safety signals in healthy individuals, at least for learning-related evaluations, but not evaluations of valence or (physiological) arousal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Herzog
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Marta Andreatta
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences, and Child Studies, Erasmus University of Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kristina Schneider
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Miriam A Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marcel Romanos
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Deckert
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics, and Psychotherapy, Center of Mental Health, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Paul Pauli
- Department of Psychology (Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology, and Psychotherapy), Center of Mental Health, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
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99774
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Lin Y, Xu D, Gao F, Zheng X. Ulinastatin inhibits NLRP3-induced apoptosis in a PD cell model. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:924. [PMID: 34350239 PMCID: PMC8263882 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-1882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation induced by the inflammasome plays a crucial role in the course of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Ulinastatin (UTI) has shown significant anti-inflammatory effects. However, few studies have examined whether UTI protects neurons through its anti-inflammatory effects in PD. The purpose of this study is to determine whether UTI exerts neuroprotection in a PD cell model and to explore the mechanisms. Methods SH-SY5Y cells and nerve growth factor (NGF)-treated PC12 cells were used to establish MPP+ induced PD cell models. Cells were pre-treated with UTI, then cell viabilities were detected using the MTT assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was detected using the LDH release assay kit. Inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were detected using ELISA. The expression levels of TH, NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1β, and IL-18 were measured using western blotting, and DA release was detected using HPLC. A NLRP3 activator Nigericin was used to verify the effect of NLRP3 in the neuroprotective mechanism of UTI. Results We observed decreased cell viability, increased apoptosis, and increased inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the MPP+ induced PD model. We also found decreased DA secretion and TH expression, as well as increased NLRP3, caspase-1, ASC, IL-1α, and IL-18 expression in the MPP+ induced PD model. These changes were significantly attenuated by UTI pre-treatment in a dose dependent manner. NLRP3 activator Nigericin markedly increased LDH release, accelerated apoptosis, increased inflammation levels and decreased DA secretion and TH expression, suggesting that Nigericin eliminated the neuroprotective effect of UTI on MPP+ treated cells. Conclusions Our data demonstrated that UTI pre-treatment performed a neuroprotective role in the MPP+ induced PD cell models by inhibiting the NLRP3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Lin
- Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Dongsheng Xu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Biomedical Isotope Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaolei Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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99775
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Rule L, Yang J, Watkin H, Hall J, Brydges NM. Environmental enrichment rescues survival and function of adult-born neurons following early life stress. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:1898-1908. [PMID: 32286496 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0718-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Adverse experiences early in life are associated with the development of psychiatric illnesses. The hippocampus is likely to play pivotal role in generating these effects: it undergoes significant development during childhood and is extremely reactive to stress. In rodent models, stress in the pre-pubertal period impairs adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) and behaviours which rely on this process. In normal adult animals, environmental enrichment (EE) is a potent promoter of AHN and hippocampal function. Whether exposure to EE during adolescence can restore normal hippocampal function and AHN following pre-pubertal stress (PPS) is unknown. We investigated EE as a treatment for reduced AHN and hippocampal function following PPS in a rodent model. Stress was administered between post-natal days (PND) 25-27, EE from PND 35 to early adulthood, when behavioural testing and assessment of AHN took place. PPS enhanced fear reactions to a conditioned stimulus (CS) following a trace fear protocol and reduced the survival of 4-week-old adult-born neurons throughout the adult hippocampus. Furthermore, we show that fewer adult-born neurons were active during recall of the CS stimulus following PPS. All effects were reversed by EE. Our results demonstrate lasting effects of PPS on the hippocampus and highlight the utility of EE during adolescence for restoring normal hippocampal function. EE during adolescence is a promising method of enhancing impaired hippocampal function resulting from early life stress, and due to multiple benefits (low cost, few side effects, widespread availability) should be more thoroughly explored as a treatment option in human sufferers of childhood adversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowenna Rule
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jessica Yang
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Holly Watkin
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Jeremy Hall
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.,MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Nichola Marie Brydges
- Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK.
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99776
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Zapko-Willmes A, Schwartz SH, Richter J, Kandler C. Basic value orientations and moral foundations: Convergent or discriminant constructs? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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99777
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Matchen TD, Moehlis J. Leveraging deep learning to control neural oscillators. BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS 2021; 115:219-235. [PMID: 33909165 DOI: 10.1007/s00422-021-00874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Modulation of the firing times of neural oscillators has long been an important control objective, with applications including Parkinson's disease, Tourette's syndrome, epilepsy, and learning. One common goal for such modulation is desynchronization, wherein two or more oscillators are stimulated to transition from firing in phase with each other to firing out of phase. The optimization of such stimuli has been well studied, but this typically relies on either a reduction of the dimensionality of the system or complete knowledge of the parameters and state of the system. This limits the applicability of results to real problems in neural control. Here, we present a trained artificial neural network capable of accurately estimating the effects of square-wave stimuli on neurons using minimal output information from the neuron. We then apply the results of this network to solve several related control problems in desynchronization, including desynchronizing pairs of neurons and achieving clustered subpopulations of neurons in the presence of coupling and noise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Matchen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA.
| | - Jeff Moehlis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Program in Dynamical Neuroscience, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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99778
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Abou Al Hassan S, Cutinha D, Mattar L. The impact of COMT, BDNF and 5-HTT brain-genes on the development of anorexia nervosa: a systematic review. Eat Weight Disord 2021; 26:1323-1344. [PMID: 32783113 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-020-00978-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The genetic aspect of anorexia nervosa (AN) involving specific genes of the central-nervous-system has not yet been clearly understood. The aim of this systematic review is to assess the impact of three candidate genes of the brain: catechol-O-methyltransferase, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and serotonin transporter protein, on the susceptibility to AN and identify whether a clear connection persists between each of the gene-polymorphisms and AN. METHODS A total of 21 articles were selected for this review conforming to the PRISMA guidelines. Detailed keyword combinations were implemented within specific databases such as MEDLINE, SCIENCEDIRECT and PUBMED. RESULTS The catechol-O-methyltransferase gene-polymorphism did not show any change in phenotypic variation between AN and control subjects; but the familial association was rather strong with an over-transmission of the H allele. The latter also correlated with several dimensions of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scale. A notable relation was indicated between BDNF gene-polymorphism and anorexia-restrictive in terms of phenotypic distribution; the Met66-allele also depicted high association with anorexic behavioral traits. The 5-HTTLPR gene-polymorphism was found to be significantly associated with AN susceptibility with an over-transmission of the S-allele from parents to offspring. CONCLUSION The systematic review distinctively emphasized the genetic contribution of the brain-genes on the development of AN. Despite significant study findings, no clear and standardized genetic route was determined to be the cause of AN development. Future research is needed on these specific genes to closely monitor the genetic polymorphisms and their mechanism on AN susceptibility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE I, systematic review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirine Abou Al Hassan
- Dietetic Department, Saint George Hospital University Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.,Division of Medicine, Eating Disorders and Clinical Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Darren Cutinha
- Division of Medicine, Eating Disorders and Clinical Nutrition, University College London, London, UK
| | - Lama Mattar
- Nutrition Division, Department of Natural Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon.
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99779
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Fortea A, Batalla A, Radua J, van Eijndhoven P, Baeza I, Albajes-Eizagirre A, Fusar-Poli P, Castro-Fornieles J, De la Serna E, Luna LP, Carvalho AF, Vieta E, Sugranyes G. Cortical gray matter reduction precedes transition to psychosis in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis: A voxel-based meta-analysis. Schizophr Res 2021; 232:98-106. [PMID: 34029948 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Gray matter and cortical thickness reductions have been documented in individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis and may be more pronounced in those who transition to psychosis. However, these findings rely on small samples and are inconsistent across studies. In this review and meta-analysis we aimed to investigate neuroanatomical correlates of clinical high-risk for psychosis and potential predictors of transition, using a novel meta-analytic method (Seed-based d Mapping with Permutation of Subject Images) and cortical mask, combining data from surface-based and voxel-based morphometry studies. Individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis who later transitioned to psychosis were compared to those who did not and to controls, and included three statistical maps. Overall, individuals at clinical high-risk for psychosis did not differ from controls, however, within the clinical high-risk for psychosis group, transition to psychosis was associated with less cortical gray matter in the right temporal lobe (Hedges' g = -0.377), anterior cingulate and paracingulate (Hedges' g = -0.391). These findings have the potential to help refine prognostic and etiopathological research in early psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Fortea
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Esther Koplowitz Centre, Rosselló 153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Medicina i Recerca Traslacional, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Albert Batalla
- Department of Psychiatry, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Joaquim Radua
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Center for Psychiatric Research and Education, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Philip van Eijndhoven
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behavior, Center for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Inmaculada Baeza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Medicina i Recerca Traslacional, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Anton Albajes-Eizagirre
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Paolo Fusar-Poli
- Early Psychosis: Interventions and Clinical-Detection (EPIC) Lab, Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Medicina i Recerca Traslacional, University of Barcelona, Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena De la Serna
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Licia P Luna
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Division of Neuroradiology, 600 N Wolfe Street Phipps B100F, 21287 Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - André F Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Center of Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Bipolar Disorders and Depressive Unit, Hospital Clinic, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gisela Sugranyes
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institute of Neuroscience, Hospital Clínic, Villarroel 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Fundació Clínic per a la Recerca Biomèdica (FCRB), Esther Koplowitz Centre, Rosselló 153, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Rosselló 149, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain.
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99780
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Salvatore C, Castiglioni I, Cerasa A. Radiomics approach in the neurodegenerative brain. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:1709-1711. [PMID: 31428998 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01299-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
As claimed by Robert Gilles et al., "Images are more than pictures, they are data". This statement refers to the power of imaging to provide large amounts of quantitative features for improving diagnosis, prognosis and therapy response. The conversion of digital medical images into high-dimensional mineable data is called radiomics. Radiomics analysis is based on data-characterisation algorithms which have the potential to uncover disease heterogeneity characteristics that might escape from the expert evaluation. This method has been widely applied in oncology and genetic fields, while the literature on neurodegenerative disorders is in its relative infancy. Here, we provide a preliminary evaluation of the main results reached applying radiomics analyses on well-established MRI features of patients with Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Salvatore
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milan, Italy
| | - Isabella Castiglioni
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Cerasa
- Research in Advanced Neurorehabilitation, S. Anna Institute, Crotone, Italy.
- Institute of Molecular Bioimaging and Physiology, National Research Council (IBFM-CNR), Catanzaro, Italy.
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99781
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Huff TC, Sant DW, Camarena V, Van Booven D, Andrade NS, Mustafi S, Monje PV, Wang G. Vitamin C regulates Schwann cell myelination by promoting DNA demethylation of pro-myelinating genes. J Neurochem 2021; 157:1759-1773. [PMID: 32219848 PMCID: PMC7530063 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is critical for Schwann cells to myelinate peripheral nerve axons during development and remyelination after injury. However, its exact mechanism remains elusive. Vitamin C is a dietary nutrient that was recently discovered to promote active DNA demethylation. Schwann cell myelination is characterized by global DNA demethylation in vivo and may therefore be regulated by vitamin C. We found that vitamin C induces a massive transcriptomic shift (n = 3,848 genes) in primary cultured Schwann cells while simultaneously producing a global increase in genomic 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC), a DNA demethylation intermediate which regulates transcription. Vitamin C up-regulates 10 pro-myelinating genes which exhibit elevated 5hmC content in both the promoter and gene body regions of these loci following treatment. Using a mouse model of human vitamin C metabolism, we found that maternal dietary vitamin C deficiency causes peripheral nerve hypomyelination throughout early development in resulting offspring. Additionally, dietary vitamin C intake regulates the expression of myelin-related proteins such as periaxin (PRX) and myelin basic protein (MBP) during development and remyelination after injury in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that vitamin C cooperatively promotes myelination through 1) increased DNA demethylation and transcription of pro-myelinating genes, and 2) its known role in stabilizing collagen helices to form the basal lamina that is necessary for myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler C. Huff
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - David W. Sant
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vladimir Camarena
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Derek Van Booven
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Nadja S. Andrade
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Center for Therapeutic Innovation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sushmita Mustafi
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Paula V. Monje
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gaofeng Wang
- John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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99782
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Carey AN, Pintea GI, Van Leuven S, Gildawie KR, Squiccimara L, Fine E, Rovnak A, Harrington M. Red raspberry ( Rubus ideaus) supplementation mitigates the effects of a high-fat diet on brain and behavior in mice. Nutr Neurosci 2021; 24:406-416. [PMID: 31328696 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2019.1641284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Research has shown that berries may have the ability to reverse, reduce, or slow the progression of behavioral dysfunction associated with aging and neurodegenerative disease. In contrast, high-energy and high-fat diets (HFD) may result in behavioral deficits like those seen in aging animals. This research examined whether red raspberry (Rubus ideaus) mitigates the effects of HFD on mouse brain and behavior. METHODS Eight-week-old mice consumed a HFD (60% calories from fat) or a control diet (CD) with and without 4% freeze-dried red raspberry (RB). Behavioral tests and biochemical assays of brain tissue and serum were conducted. RESULTS After 12 weeks on the diets, mice fed CD and HFD had impaired novel object recognition, but mice on the RB-supplemented diets did not. After approximately 20 weeks on the diets, mice fed HFD + RB had shorter latencies to find the escape hole in the Barnes maze than the HFD-fed mice. Interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly elevated in the cortex of mice fed HFD; while mice fed the CD, CD + RB, and HFD + RB did not show a similar elevation. There was also evidence of increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the brains of mice fed RB diets. This reduction in IL-6 and increase in BDNF may contribute to the preservation of learning and memory in HFD + RB mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that RB may protect against the effects HFD has on brain and behavior; however, further research with human subjects is needed to confirm these benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda N Carey
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Simmons University (formerly Simmons College), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giulia I Pintea
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Simmons University (formerly Simmons College), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shelby Van Leuven
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Simmons University (formerly Simmons College), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelsea R Gildawie
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Simmons University (formerly Simmons College), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Squiccimara
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Simmons University (formerly Simmons College), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Fine
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Simmons University (formerly Simmons College), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail Rovnak
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Simmons University (formerly Simmons College), Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Harrington
- Department of Psychology, College of Natural, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Simmons University (formerly Simmons College), Boston, MA, USA
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99783
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Kao KL, Sung FC, Huang HC, Lin CJ, Chen SC, Lin CL, Huang YP, Wu SI, Chen YS, Stewart R. Functional dyspepsia in depression: A population-based cohort study. Eur J Clin Invest 2021; 51:e13506. [PMID: 33529347 DOI: 10.1111/eci.13506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with functional dyspepsia (FD) are more likely to have persistent depression, yet whether depression and antidepressant treatments are associated with subsequent risk of FD remain unclear. METHODS Using population-based insurance administrative data of Taiwan, an 11-year historic cohort study was assembled, comparing cases aged 18 and above with the diagnosis of depressive disorder, to a propensity score-matched sample of adults without depression. Incident FD as a primary diagnosis was ascertained. Hazard ratios of FD were calculated using Cox regression models by age, gender, other comorbidities, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications, antidepressants and antidiabetic agents. RESULTS A total of 20,197 people with depressive disorder and 20,197 propensity score-matched comparisons without depression were followed up. The incidence of FD was 1.7-fold greater in the depressive cohort than in comparisons (12.9 versus 7.57 per 1000 person-years), with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 2.16 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93~2.41). Increased risks were significant regardless of comorbidities or medication uses, the highest in the untreated depression group compared to the group without depression, with an aHR of 2.51(95% CI 2.15~2.93). CONCLUSIONS This population-based study showed that patients with depressive disorder are at elevated risk of FD. Antidepressant treatment could reduce the risk of FD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Liang Kao
- Department of Pediatrics, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Chang Sung
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Health Services Administration, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Food Nutrition and Health Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chun Huang
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,MacKay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Ju Lin
- Section of Psychiatry and Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chin Chen
- Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yo-Ping Huang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-I Wu
- Department of Medical Research, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Section of Psychiatry and Suicide Prevention Center, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Shin Chen
- Department of Computer Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Robert Stewart
- Service and Population Research Department, King's College, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK.,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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99784
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Buckthorpe M, Della Villa F. Recommendations for Plyometric Training after ACL Reconstruction - A Clinical Commentary. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2021; 16:879-895. [PMID: 34123540 PMCID: PMC8169025 DOI: 10.26603/001c.23549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a four-stage plyometric program to be undertaken as part of criterion-based rehabilitation for athletes with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). After ACLR, the patient experiences alterations of joint mobility, gait and movement patterns, neuromuscular function and general physical fitness. Plyometric training is an important component for neuromuscular and movement re-conditioning after ACLR. Effective use of plyometrics can support enhancements in explosive sporting performance, movement quality and lower risk of injury. Plyometric training, as a component of the ACL functional recovery process, can aid in restoring function and supporting timely return to sport. However, few patients undertake or complete a plyometric program prior to return-to-sport. To truly impact individual patients, a stronger focus on research implementation is needed from researchers to translate efficacious interventions into practice. In designing a plyometric program, it is important to match the specific plyometric tasks to the functional recovery status of the ACLR patient. To do this, it is important to understand the relative intensity of plyometrics tasks, align these tasks to the ACL functional recovery process and monitor the athlete as part of criterion based rehabilitation. Plyometric intensity is based on the intensity of efforts, the vertical and/or horizontal momentum prior to ground contact, the ground contact time and the surface or environment on which they are performed on/in. Furthermore, how the person technically performs the task will influence joint loading. There should be a gradual increase in task intensity and specificity throughout the program, with all tasks used for both neuromuscular and motor control re-conditioning. The aim of this paper is to provide recommendations to clinicians on how to design and implement plyometric training programs for the ACLR patient, as part of the functional recovery process. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Buckthorpe
- Education & Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy; Faculty of Sport, Health and Applied Science, St Marys University, London, UK
| | - Francesco Della Villa
- Education & Research Department, Isokinetic Medical Group, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Bologna, Italy
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99785
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Jones AC, Pinki F, Stewart GS, Costello DA. Inhibition of Urea Transporter (UT)-B Modulates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Responses in BV2 Microglia and N2a Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1322-1329. [PMID: 33675462 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03283-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Urea is the major nitrogen-containing product of protein metabolism, and the urea cycle is intrinsically linked to nitric oxide (NO) production via the common substrate L-arginine. Urea accumulates in the brain in neurodegenerative states, including Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Urea transporter B (UT-B, SLC14A1) is the primary transport protein for urea in the CNS, identified most abundantly in astrocytes. Moreover, enhanced expression of the Slc14a1 gene has been reported under neurodegenerative conditions. While the role of UT-B in disease pathology remains unclear, UT-B-deficient mice display behavioural impairment coupled with urea accumulation, NO disruption and neuronal loss. Recognising the role of inflammation in neurodegenerative disease pathology, the current short study evaluates the role of UT-B in regulating inflammatory responses. Using the specific inhibitor UTBinh-14, we investigated the impact of UT-B inhibition on LPS-induced changes in BV2 microglia and N2a neuroblastoma cells. We found that UTBinh-14 significantly attenuated LPS-induced production of TNFα and IL-6 from BV2 cells, accompanied by reduced release of NO. While we observed a similar reduction in supernatant concentration of IL-6 from N2a cells, the LPS-stimulated NO release was further augmented by UTBinh-14. These changes were accompanied by a small, but significant downregulation in UT-B expression in both cell types following incubation with LPS, which was not restored by UTBinh-14. Taken together, the current evidence implicates UT-B in regulation of inflammatory responses in microglia and neuronal-like cells. Moreover, our findings offer support for the further investigation of UT-B as a novel therapeutic target for neuroinflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aimée C Jones
- UCD School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Farhana Pinki
- UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Gavin S Stewart
- UCD School of Biology & Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Derek A Costello
- UCD School of Biomolecular & Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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99786
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Wen Y, Ding X, Guan Q, Hu W, Wang B, Hu Q, Bigambo FM, Zhou Z, Wang X, Xia Y. Effects of exposure to urban particulate matter SRM 1648a during pregnancy on the neurobehavioral development of offspring mice. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 215:112142. [PMID: 33740484 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of the nervous system is crucial to a child's health. However, the nervous system is also susceptible to a variety of factors during development. To date, epidemiological studies have reported controversial results on the relationship between prenatal exposure to particulate matter (PM) and neurobehavioral development. Thus, we investigated the effect of PM exposure during pregnancy on the neurobehavioral development of offsprings. Adult C57BL/6 mice were exposed to PM from gestation day (GD) 0.5-21 by the intratracheal instillation. The daily exposure doses were 250 µg/kg.b.w and 2500 µg/kg.b.w respectively. The offspring mice began behavioral tests at the 5th week. We assessed neurobehavioral development, and the gene expression level changes in the mouse hippocampus using RNA-seq. In the open field test, the movement distance in the central area was significantly decreased in the high-dose group. Serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels were significantly increased in male offspring mice with prenatal high-dose PM exposure. The RNA-seq results suggested that the Prkca, Med12l, Ep300, and Slc16a10 in the thyroid hormone signaling pathway were significantly decreased in offspring mice in the high-dose group. Our data showed that prenatal PM exposure caused the offspring mice's anxiety-like behaviors and increased serum FT3 levels. The changes in thyroid hormone pathway-related genes might be the causes of the above series of changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xingwang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Quanquan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Weiyue Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Bingqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Qi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Francis Manyori Bigambo
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Zhu Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, York College, City University of New York, New York 11451, USA
| | - Xu Wang
- Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yankai Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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99787
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Perez A, Panagiotopoulou E, Curtis P, Roberts R. Barriers and facilitators to mood and confidence in pregnancy and early parenthood during COVID-19 in the UK: mixed-methods synthesis survey. BJPsych Open 2021; 7:e107. [PMID: 34059168 PMCID: PMC8167260 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2021.925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental well-being during pregnancy and early parenthood is critical for child development. Environmental stressors can significantly challenge parental well-being. AIMS To investigate how COVID-19 and associated restrictions influence mood and parenting confidence of expectant parents and those in early parenthood, identifying barriers and facilitators. METHOD We used a cross-sectional online survey to collect data from 590 expectant parents and parents of infants (564 women) during the most restrictive phase of lockdown in the UK. We included a mixture of forced-choice and open-ended questions pertaining to mood, perceived social support, media use, online interactions and parenting expectations. Quantitative data were analysed with multiple linear regression and proportional odds models; an inductive thematic analysis was used for qualitative data. Quantitative and qualitative data were qualitatively synthesised. RESULTS Since COVID-19, expectant parents and parents of new-borns reported a decrease in mood and parenting confidence. Barriers included practical difficulties (finding essentials, reliable health information), social difficulties (loss of physical contact, decreased support) and uncertainty during pregnancy. Facilitators included support from others and, for first-time parents, loss of child care resulting in greater parenting confidence. Although online resources and communication were not preferable to face-to-face interactions, technology was a helpful tool for communicating, getting support, and finding essentials and information during lockdown. CONCLUSIONS By mid-May 2020, mood and parenting confidence among expectant and parents of new-borns in the UK were significantly reduced. Consideration of barriers and facilitators in healthcare and psychological support provided is likely important for promoting parental mental health and healthy parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Perez
- Education & Training Division, Academic & Research Department, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, UK; and Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | - Elena Panagiotopoulou
- Education & Training Division, Academic & Research Department, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, UK; and Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, UK
| | | | - Ruth Roberts
- Education & Training Division, Academic & Research Department, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, UK; and Research Department of Clinical, Educational & Health Psychology, University College London, UK
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99788
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Galvan A, Petkau TL, Hill AM, Korecki AJ, Lu G, Choi D, Rahman K, Simpson EM, Leavitt BR, Smith Y. Intracerebroventricular Administration of AAV9-PHP.B SYN1-EmGFP Induces Widespread Transgene Expression in the Mouse and Monkey Central Nervous System. Hum Gene Ther 2021; 32:599-615. [PMID: 33860682 PMCID: PMC8236560 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2020.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral vectors made from adeno-associated virus (AAV) have emerged as preferred tools in basic and translational neuroscience research to introduce or modify genetic material in cells of interest. The use of viral vectors is particularly attractive in nontransgenic species, such as nonhuman primates. Injection of AAV solutions into the cerebrospinal fluid is an effective method to achieve a broad distribution of a transgene in the central nervous system. In this study, we conducted injections of AAV9-PHP.B, a recently described AAV capsid mutant, in the lateral ventricle of mice and rhesus macaques. To enhance the expression of the transgene (the tag protein emerald green fluorescent protein [EmGFP]), we used a gene promoter that confers high neuron-specific expression of the transgene, the human synapsin 1 (SYN1) promoter. The efficacy of the viral vector was first tested in mice. Our results show that intracerebroventricular injections of AAV9-PHP.B SYN1-EmGFP-woodchuck hepatitis virus posttranscriptional regulatory element resulted in neuronal EmGFP expression throughout the mice and monkey brains. We have provided a thorough characterization of the brain regions expressing EmGFP in both species. EmGFP was observed in neuronal cell bodies over the whole cerebral cortex and in the cerebellum, as well as in some subcortical regions, including the striatum and hippocampus. We also observed densely labeled neuropil in areas known to receive projections from these regions. Double fluorescence studies demonstrated that EmGFP was expressed by several types of neurons throughout the mouse and monkey brain. Our results demonstrate that a single injection in the lateral ventricle is an efficient method to obtain transgene expression in many cortical and subcortical regions, obviating the need of multiple intraparenchymal injections to cover large brain areas. The use of intraventricular injections of AAV9-PHP.B SYN1-EmGFP could provide a powerful approach to transduce widespread areas of the brain and may contribute to further development of methods to genetically target-specific populations of neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Galvan
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Terri L. Petkau
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Austin M. Hill
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andrea J. Korecki
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ge Lu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Diane Choi
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Molecular Systems and Pharmacology Graduate Program, Laney Graduate School, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Kazi Rahman
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Simpson
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Blair R. Leavitt
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics at British Columbia Children's Hospital, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Medical Genetics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Center for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Yoland Smith
- Department of Neurology, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Udall Center of Excellence for Parkinson's Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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99789
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Dadgostar E, Tajiknia V, Shamsaki N, Naderi-Taheri M, Aschner M, Mirzaei H, Tamtaji OR. Aquaporin 4 and brain-related disorders: Insights into its apoptosis roles. EXCLI JOURNAL 2021; 20:983-994. [PMID: 34267610 PMCID: PMC8278210 DOI: 10.17179/excli2021-3735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain-related disorders are leading global health problems. Various internal and external factors are involved in the progression of brain-related disorders. Inflammatory pathways, oxidative stresses, apoptosis, and deregulations of various channels are critical players in brain-related disorder pathogenesis. Among these players, aquaporins (AQP) have critical roles in various physiological and pathological conditions. AQPs are water channel molecules that permit water to cross the hydrophobic lipid bilayers of cellular membranes. AQP4 is one of the important members of AQP family. AQPs are involved in controlling apoptosis pathways in brain-related disorders. In this regard, several reports have evaluated the pathological effects of AQP4 by targeting the apoptosis-related processes in brain-related disorders. Here, for the first time, we highlight the impact of AQP4 on apoptosis-related processes in brain-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Dadgostar
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Vida Tajiknia
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Shamsaki
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Naderi-Taheri
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Tamtaji
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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99790
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Kim M, Haney JR, Zhang P, Hernandez LM, Wang LK, Perez-Cano L, Olde Loohuis LM, de la Torre-Ubieta L, Gandal MJ. Brain gene co-expression networks link complement signaling with convergent synaptic pathology in schizophrenia. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:799-809. [PMID: 33958802 PMCID: PMC8178202 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00847-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The most significant common variant association for schizophrenia (SCZ) reflects increased expression of the complement component 4A (C4A). Yet, it remains unclear how C4A interacts with other SCZ risk genes or whether the complement system more broadly is implicated in SCZ pathogenesis. Here, we integrate several existing, large-scale genetic and transcriptomic datasets to interrogate the functional role of the complement system and C4A in the human brain. Unexpectedly, we find no significant genetic enrichment among known complement system genes for SCZ. Conversely, brain co-expression network analyses using C4A as a seed gene reveal that genes downregulated when C4A expression increases exhibit strong and specific genetic enrichment for SCZ risk. This convergent genomic signal reflects synaptic processes, is sexually dimorphic and most prominent in frontal cortical brain regions, and is accentuated by smoking. Overall, these results indicate that synaptic pathways-rather than the complement system-are the driving force conferring SCZ risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsoo Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jillian R. Haney
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pan Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Leanna M. Hernandez
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lee-kai Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Perez-Cano
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,STALICLA DDS, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Loes M. Olde Loohuis
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Luis de la Torre-Ubieta
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael J. Gandal
- Department of Psychiatry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Program in Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Correspondence to:
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99791
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McDermott TJ, Kirlic N, Akeman E, Touthang J, Clausen AN, Kuplicki R, Aupperle RL. Test-retest reliability of approach-avoidance conflict decision-making during functional magnetic resonance imaging in healthy adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:2347-2361. [PMID: 33650761 PMCID: PMC8090786 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neural and behavioral mechanisms during approach-avoidance conflict decision-making are relevant across various psychiatric disorders, particularly anxiety disorders. Studies using approach-avoidance conflict paradigms in healthy adults have identified preliminary neural mechanisms, but findings must be replicated and demonstrated as reliable before further application. This study sought to replicate previous findings and examine test-retest reliability of behavioral (approach behavior, reaction time) and neural (regions of interest [ROIs]) responses during an approach-avoidance conflict task conducted during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Thirty healthy adults completed an approach-avoidance conflict task during fMRI on two occasions (mean interval: 17 days; range: 11-32). Effects of task condition during three task phases (decision-making, affective outcome and monetary reward) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were calculated across time points. Results replicated that approach behavior was modulated by conflict during decision-making. ROI activations were replicated such that dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) was modulated by conflict during decision-making, and dACC, striatum, and anterior insula were modulated by valence during affective outcomes (p's <.0083). Approach behavior during conflict demonstrated excellent reliability (ICCs ≥.77). Activation of dACC during conflict decision-making and anterior insula during negative outcomes demonstrated fair reliability (ICCs = .51 and .54), and dACC and striatum activation demonstrated good reliability during negative outcomes (ICCs = .63 and .69). Two additional ROIs (amygdala, left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) showed good reliability during negative outcomes (ICCs ≥.60). These results characterize several specific behavioral and neuroimaging responses that are replicable and sufficiently reliable during approach-avoidance conflict decision-making to support future utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. McDermott
- Laureate Institute for Brain ResearchTulsaOklahomaUSA
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of TulsaTulsaOklahomaUSA
| | - Namik Kirlic
- Laureate Institute for Brain ResearchTulsaOklahomaUSA
| | | | | | - Ashley N. Clausen
- Laureate Institute for Brain ResearchTulsaOklahomaUSA
- Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | | | - Robin L. Aupperle
- Laureate Institute for Brain ResearchTulsaOklahomaUSA
- Department of Community MedicineUniversity of TulsaTulsaOklahomaUSA
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99792
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Fu J, Liu J, Jiang J, Li Y, Bao Y, Lu H. Scene Segmentation With Dual Relation-Aware Attention Network. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS 2021; 32:2547-2560. [PMID: 32745005 DOI: 10.1109/tnnls.2020.3006524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we propose a Dual Relation-aware Attention Network (DRANet) to handle the task of scene segmentation. How to efficiently exploit context is essential for pixel-level recognition. To address the issue, we adaptively capture contextual information based on the relation-aware attention mechanism. Especially, we append two types of attention modules on the top of the dilated fully convolutional network (FCN), which model the contextual dependencies in spatial and channel dimensions, respectively. In the attention modules, we adopt a self-attention mechanism to model semantic associations between any two pixels or channels. Each pixel or channel can adaptively aggregate context from all pixels or channels according to their correlations. To reduce the high cost of computation and memory caused by the abovementioned pairwise association computation, we further design two types of compact attention modules. In the compact attention modules, each pixel or channel is built into association only with a few numbers of gathering centers and obtains corresponding context aggregation over these gathering centers. Meanwhile, we add a cross-level gating decoder to selectively enhance spatial details that boost the performance of the network. We conduct extensive experiments to validate the effectiveness of our network and achieve new state-of-the-art segmentation performance on four challenging scene segmentation data sets, i.e., Cityscapes, ADE20K, PASCAL Context, and COCO Stuff data sets. In particular, a Mean IoU score of 82.9% on the Cityscapes test set is achieved without using extra coarse annotated data.
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99793
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Wang S, Chen B, Yu Y, Yang H, Cui W, Fan G, Li J. Altered resting-state functional network connectivity in profound sensorineural hearing loss infants within an early sensitive period: A group ICA study. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:4314-4326. [PMID: 34060682 PMCID: PMC8356983 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from both animal models and deaf children provide evidence for that the maturation of auditory cortex has a sensitive period during the first 2-4 years of life. During this period, the auditory stimulation can affect the development of cortical function to the greatest extent. Thus far, little is known about the brain development trajectory after early auditory deprivation within this period. In this study, independent component analysis (ICA) technique was used to detect the characteristics of brain network development in children with bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) before 3 years old. Seven resting-state networks (RSN) were identified in 50 SNHL and 36 healthy controls using ICA method, and further their intra-and inter-network functional connectivity (FC) were compared between two groups. Compared with the control group, SNHL group showed decreased FC within default mode network, while enhanced FC within auditory network (AUN) and salience network. No significant changes in FC were found in the visual network (VN) and sensorimotor network (SMN). Furthermore, the inter-network FC between SMN and AUN, frontal network and AUN, SMN and VN, frontal network and VN were significantly increased in SNHL group. The results implicate that the loss and the compensatory reorganization of brain network FC coexist in SNHL infants. It provides a network basis for understanding the brain development trajectory after hearing loss within early sensitive period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Boyu Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yalian Yu
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Huaguang Yang
- Department of Radiology, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenzhuo Cui
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guoguang Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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99794
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Hall SA, Towe SL, Nadeem MT, Hobkirk AL, Hartley BW, Li R, Huettel SA, Meade CS. Hypoactivation in the precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex during ambiguous decision making in individuals with HIV. J Neurovirol 2021; 27:463-475. [PMID: 33983505 PMCID: PMC8276275 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-00981-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
People with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often have neurocognitive impairment. People with HIV make riskier decisions when the outcome probabilities are known, and have abnormal neural architecture underlying risky decision making. However, ambiguous decision making, when the outcome probabilities are unknown, is more common in daily life, but the neural architecture underlying ambiguous decision making in people with HIV is unknown. Eighteen people with HIV and 20 controls completed a decision making task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. Participants chose between a certain reward and uncertain reward with a known (risky) or unknown (ambiguous) probability of winning. There were three levels of risk: high, medium, and low. Ambiguous > risky brain activity was compared between groups. Ambiguous > risky brain activity was correlated with emotional/psychiatric functioning in people with HIV. Both groups were similarly ambiguity-averse. People with HIV were more risk-averse than controls and chose the high-risk uncertain option less often. People with HIV had hypoactivity in the precuneus, posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), and fusiform gyrus during ambiguous > medium risk decision making. Ambiguous > medium risk brain activity was negatively correlated with emotional/psychiatric functioning in individuals with HIV. To make ambiguous decisions, people with HIV underrecruit key regions of the default mode network, which are thought to integrate internally and externally derived information to come to a decision. These regions and related cognitive processes may be candidates for interventions to improve decision-making outcomes in people with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana A Hall
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
| | - Sheri L Towe
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - M Tauseef Nadeem
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Andrea L Hobkirk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 500 University Dr. Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, 700 HMC Crescent Rd., Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Bennett W Hartley
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Rosa Li
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Campus Box #3270 235 E. Cameron Ave., Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-3270, USA
| | - Scott A Huettel
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, 417 Chapel Dr. Campus Box 90086, Durham, NC, 27708-0086, USA
| | - Christina S Meade
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Box 102848, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Campus Box 3918, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
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99795
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Hennings AC, Lewis-Peacock JA, Dunsmoor JE. Emotional learning retroactively enhances item memory but distorts source attribution. Learn Mem 2021; 28:178-186. [PMID: 34011514 PMCID: PMC8139636 DOI: 10.1101/lm.053371.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
An adaptive memory system should prioritize information surrounding a powerful learning event that may prove useful for predicting future meaningful events. The behavioral tagging hypothesis provides a mechanistic framework to interpret how weak experiences persist as durable memories through temporal association with a strong experience. Memories are composed of multiple elements, and different mnemonic aspects of the same experience may be uniquely affected by mechanisms that retroactively modulate a weakly encoded memory. Here, we investigated how emotional learning affects item and source memory for related events encoded close in time. Participants encoded trial-unique category exemplars before, during, and after Pavlovian fear conditioning. Selective retroactive enhancements in 24-h item memory were accompanied by a bias to misattribute items to the temporal context of fear conditioning. The strength of this source memory bias correlated with participants' retroactive item memory enhancement, and source misattribution to the emotional context predicted whether items were remembered overall. In the framework of behavioral tagging: Memory attribution was biased to the temporal context of the stronger event that provided the putative source of memory stabilization for the weaker event. We additionally found that fear conditioning selectively and retroactively enhanced stimulus typicality ratings for related items, and that stimulus typicality also predicted overall item memory. Collectively, these results provide new evidence that items related to emotional learning are misattributed to the temporal context of the emotional event and judged to be more representative of their semantic category. Both processes may facilitate memory retrieval for related events encoded close in time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin C Hennings
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Jarrod A Lewis-Peacock
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Joseph E Dunsmoor
- Institute for Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Center for Learning and Memory, Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Dell Medical School, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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99796
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Rai M, Coleman Z, Curley M, Nityanandam A, Platt A, Robles-Murguia M, Jiao J, Finkelstein D, Wang YD, Xu B, Fan Y, Demontis F. Proteasome stress in skeletal muscle mounts a long-range protective response that delays retinal and brain aging. Cell Metab 2021; 33:1137-1154.e9. [PMID: 33773104 PMCID: PMC8172468 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS) is a defining feature of organismal aging that is influenced by peripheral tissues. Clinical observations indicate that skeletal muscle influences CNS aging, but the underlying muscle-to-brain signaling remains unexplored. In Drosophila, we find that moderate perturbation of the proteasome in skeletal muscle induces compensatory preservation of CNS proteostasis during aging. Such long-range stress signaling depends on muscle-secreted Amyrel amylase. Mimicking stress-induced Amyrel upregulation in muscle reduces age-related accumulation of poly-ubiquitinated proteins in the brain and retina via chaperones. Preservation of proteostasis stems from the disaccharide maltose, which is produced via Amyrel amylase activity. Correspondingly, RNAi for SLC45 maltose transporters reduces expression of Amyrel-induced chaperones and worsens brain proteostasis during aging. Moreover, maltose preserves proteostasis and neuronal activity in human brain organoids challenged by thermal stress. Thus, proteasome stress in skeletal muscle hinders retinal and brain aging by mounting an adaptive response via amylase/maltose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamta Rai
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Zane Coleman
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Michelle Curley
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anjana Nityanandam
- Stem Cell Core, Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Anna Platt
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Maricela Robles-Murguia
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jianqin Jiao
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yong-Dong Wang
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Beisi Xu
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Yiping Fan
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Fabio Demontis
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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99797
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Zalocusky KA, Najm R, Taubes AL, Hao Y, Yoon SY, Koutsodendris N, Nelson MR, Rao A, Bennett DA, Bant J, Amornkul DEJ, Xu Q, An A, Cisne-Thomson O, Huang Y. Neuronal ApoE upregulates MHC-I expression to drive selective neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's disease. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:786-798. [PMID: 33958804 PMCID: PMC9145692 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00851-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Selective neurodegeneration is a critical causal factor in Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, the mechanisms that lead some neurons to perish, whereas others remain resilient, are unknown. We sought potential drivers of this selective vulnerability using single-nucleus RNA sequencing and discovered that ApoE expression level is a substantial driver of neuronal variability. Strikingly, neuronal expression of ApoE-which has a robust genetic linkage to AD-correlated strongly, on a cell-by-cell basis, with immune response pathways in neurons in the brains of wild-type mice, human ApoE knock-in mice and humans with or without AD. Elimination or over-expression of neuronal ApoE revealed a causal relationship among ApoE expression, neuronal MHC-I expression, tau pathology and neurodegeneration. Functional reduction of MHC-I ameliorated tau pathology in ApoE4-expressing primary neurons and in mouse hippocampi expressing pathological tau. These findings suggest a mechanism linking neuronal ApoE expression to MHC-I expression and, subsequently, to tau pathology and selective neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Zalocusky
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Ramsey Najm
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice L Taubes
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yanxia Hao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Seo Yeon Yoon
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicole Koutsodendris
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maxine R Nelson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Antara Rao
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jason Bant
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dah-Eun J Amornkul
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Qin Xu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alice An
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Olga Cisne-Thomson
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yadong Huang
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Gladstone Center for Translational Advancement, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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99798
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Yu N, Lin XJ, Di Q. How to Find Candidate Drug-targets for Antiepileptogenic Therapy? Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 18:624-635. [PMID: 31989901 PMCID: PMC7457424 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200128124338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Although over 25 antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have become currently available for clinical use, the incidence of epilepsy worldwide and the proportions of drug-resistant epilepsy among them are not significantly reduced during the past decades. Traditional screens for AEDs have been mainly focused on their anti-ictogenic roles, and their efficacies primarily depend on suppressing neuronal excitability or enhancing inhibitory neuronal activity, almost without the influence on the epileptogenesis or with inconsistent results from different studies. Epileptogenesis refers to the pathological process of a brain from its normal status to the alterations with the continuous prone of unprovoked spontaneous seizures after brain insults, such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, CNS infectious, and autoimmune disorders, and even some specific inherited conditions. Recently growing experimental and clinical studies have discovered the underlying mechanisms for epileptogenesis, which are multi-aspect and multistep. These findings provide us a number of interesting sites for antiepileptogenic drugs (AEGDs). AEGDs have been evidenced as significantly roles of postponing or completely blocking the development of epilepsy in experimental models. The present review will introduce potential novel candidate drug-targets for AEGDs based on the published studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Yu
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Xing-Jian Lin
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
| | - Qing Di
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 210029, Nanjing, China
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99799
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Hou Y, Guo K, Fan X, Shang K, Wang J, Wang Z, Shan Y, Zhao G, Lu J. Crossed cerebellar diaschisis: risk factors and prognostic value in focal cortical dysplasia by 18F-FDG PET/CT. Ann Nucl Med 2021; 35:719-727. [PMID: 33840039 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-021-01613-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Crossed cerebellar diaschisis (CCD) has been widely studied in hemispheric stroke but is less characterized in epilepsy. In this study, we used 18F-FDG PET/CT to investigate the risk factors for CCD and its prognostic value for intractable epilepsy caused by focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). METHODS One hundred medically intractable epilepsy patients pathologically diagnosed with FCD postoperatively were included and classified into two groups: CCD+ and CCD-. PET/CT images were analyzed qualitatively by visual assessment and semi-quantitatively using the absolute asymmetry index (|AI|). Clinical factors, including age, sex, body mass index (BMI), age at seizure onset, epilepsy duration, seizure type, seizure frequency, electroencephalography (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were retrospectively assessed from medical records. Follow-up outcomes were evaluated according to the Engel classification at 3, 6, 12, 24 and 36 months postoperatively. RESULTS Of the 100 patients, 77 (77.0%) were classified as CCD-, and 23 (23.0%) were classified as CCD + . CCD+ patients had a higher number of lobes involved on PET (3.61 ± 2.16 vs 2.26 ± 1.01, P < 0.001) than CCD- patients. CCD- patients showed more negative MRI results than CCD + patients (P = 0.02). At 12 months postoperatively, 70.7% (29/41) of CCD- patients and 30.8% (4/13) of CCD + patients presented a favourable prognosis (P = 0.02). Significant differences in the average |AI| values in the posterior frontal and anterior temporal lobes were found between CCD+ and CCD- patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION The number of lobes involved on PET, structural anomalies on MRI, the |AI| values in the posterior frontal and anterior temporal lobes may be predisposing factors for CCD. CCD occurrence may help predict the prognosis of FCD patients at 12 months postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Hou
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kun Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaotong Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China INI, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Kun Shang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Jingjuan Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhenming Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhi Shan
- Department of Neurosurgery, China INI, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Guoguang Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, China INI, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Jie Lu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 45 Changchun Street, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100053, China.
- Department of Radiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Brain Informatics, Beijing, China.
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99800
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YILDIZ E, GULDAS M, ELLERGEZEN P, ACAR AG, GURBUZ O. Obesity-associated Pathways of Anthocyanins. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.39119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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