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Jayanti S, Dalla Verde C, Tiribelli C, Gazzin S. Inflammation, Dopaminergic Brain and Bilirubin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11478. [PMID: 37511235 PMCID: PMC10380707 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dopamine is a well-known neurotransmitter due to its involvement in Parkinson's disease (PD). Dopamine is not only involved in PD but also controls multiple mental and physical activities, such as the pleasure of food, friends and loved ones, music, art, mood, cognition, motivation, fear, affective disorders, addiction, attention deficit disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Dopaminergic neurons (DOPAn) are susceptible to stressors, and inflammation is a recognized risk for neuronal malfunctioning and cell death in major neurodegenerative diseases. Less is known for non-neurodegenerative conditions. Among the endogenous defenses, bilirubin, a heme metabolite, has been shown to possess important anti-inflammatory activity and, most importantly, to prevent DOPAn demise in an ex vivo model of PD by acting on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). This review summarizes the evidence linking DOPAn, inflammation (when possible, specifically TNFα), and bilirubin as an anti-inflammatory in order to understand what is known, the gaps that need filling, and the hypotheses of anti-inflammatory strategies to preserve dopamine homeostasis with bilirubin included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Jayanti
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Area Science Park, Bldg. Q, SS 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
- Eijkman Research Centre for Molecular Biology, Research Organization for Health, National Research and Innovation Agency, Cibinong 16915, Indonesia
| | - Camilla Dalla Verde
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Area Science Park, Bldg. Q, SS 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Area Science Park, Bldg. Q, SS 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Silvia Gazzin
- Italian Liver Foundation, Liver Brain Unit "Rita Moretti", Area Science Park, Bldg. Q, SS 14, Km 163,5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Sunna S, Bowen CA, Ramelow CC, Santiago JV, Kumar P, Rangaraju S. Advances in proteomic phenotyping of microglia in neurodegeneration. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200183. [PMID: 37060300 PMCID: PMC10528430 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are dynamic resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) that sense, survey, and respond to changes in their environment. In disease states, microglia transform from homeostatic to diverse molecular phenotypic states that play complex and causal roles in neurologic disease pathogenesis, as evidenced by the identification of microglial genes as genetic risk factors for neurodegenerative disease. While advances in transcriptomic profiling of microglia from the CNS of humans and animal models have provided transformative insights, the transcriptome is only modestly reflective of the proteome. Proteomic profiling of microglia is therefore more likely to provide functionally and therapeutically relevant targets. In this review, we discuss molecular insights gained from transcriptomic studies of microglia in the context of Alzheimer's disease as a prototypic neurodegenerative disease, and highlight existing and emerging approaches for proteomic profiling of microglia derived from in vivo model systems and human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Sunna
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christine A. Bowen
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Christina C. Ramelow
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Juliet V. Santiago
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Prateek Kumar
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Srikant Rangaraju
- Department of Neurology, Emory University,201 Dowman Drive Atlanta Georgia, 30322, United States of America
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Seidel F, Fluiter K, Kleemann R, Worms N, van Nieuwkoop A, Caspers MPM, Grigoriadis N, Kiliaan AJ, Baas F, Michailidou I, Morrison MC. Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice develop neurodegeneration, age-dependent astrogliosis and obesity-induced changes in microglia immunophenotype which are partly reversed by complement component 5 neutralizing antibody. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1205261. [PMID: 37457817 PMCID: PMC10346859 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1205261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has been linked to vascular dysfunction, cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases. However, experimental models that recapitulate brain pathology in relation to obesity and vascular dysfunction are still lacking. Methods In this study we performed the histological and histochemical characterization of brains from Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, an established model for obesity and associated vascular disease. First, HFD-fed 18 week-old and 50 week-old Ldlr-/-.Leiden male mice were compared with age-matched C57BL/6J mice. We then assessed the effect of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity on brain pathology in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice and tested whether a treatment with an anti-complement component 5 antibody, a terminal complement pathway inhibitor recently shown to reduce vascular disease, can attenuate neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation. Histological analyses were complemented with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) analyses of the hippocampus to unravel molecular pathways underlying brain histopathology. Results We show that chow-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice have more severe neurodegeneration and show an age-dependent astrogliosis that is not observed in age-matched C57BL/6J controls. This was substantiated by pathway enrichment analysis using the NGS data which showed that oxidative phosphorylation, EIF2 signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction pathways, all associated with neurodegeneration, were significantly altered in the hippocampus of Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice compared with C57BL/6J controls. Obesity-inducing HFD-feeding did not aggravate neurodegeneration and astrogliosis in Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice. However, brains from HFD-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice showed reduced IBA-1 immunoreactivity and increased CD68 immunoreactivity compared with chow-fed Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice, indicating alteration of microglial immunophenotype by HFD feeding. The systemic administration of an anti-C5 treatment partially restored the HFD effect on microglial immunophenotype. In addition, NGS data of hippocampi from Ldlr-/-.Leiden mice showed that HFD feeding affected multiple molecular pathways relative to chow-fed controls: HFD notably inactivated synaptogenesis and activated neuroinflammation pathways. The anti-C5 treatment restored the HFD-induced effect on molecular pathways to a large extent. Conclusion This study shows that the Ldlr-/-.Leiden mouse model is suitable to study brain histopathology and associated biological processes in a context of obesity and provides evidence of the potential therapeutic value of anti-complement therapy against obesity-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florine Seidel
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Center (PRIME), Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Kees Fluiter
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Robert Kleemann
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nicole Worms
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anita van Nieuwkoop
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Martien P. M. Caspers
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Grigoriadis
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2 Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Anatomy, Preclinical Imaging Center (PRIME), Radboud Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Frank Baas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Iliana Michailidou
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurology and Neuroimmunology and the Multiple Sclerosis Center, 2 Department of Neurology, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Martine C. Morrison
- Department of Metabolic Health Research, Netherlands Organisation for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Leiden, Netherlands
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Li S, Lu C, Zhao Z, Lu D, Zheng G. Uncovering neuroinflammation-related modules and potential repurposing drugs for Alzheimer's disease through multi-omics data integrative analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1161405. [PMID: 37333458 PMCID: PMC10272561 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1161405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Neuroinflammation is one of the key factors leading to neuron death and synapse dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid-β (Aβ) is thought to have an association with microglia activation and trigger neuroinflammation in AD. However, inflammation response in brain disorders is heterogenous, and thus, it is necessary to unveil the specific gene module of neuroinflammation caused by Aβ in AD, which might provide novel biomarkers for AD diagnosis and help understand the mechanism of the disease. Methods Transcriptomic datasets of brain region tissues from AD patients and the corresponding normal tissues were first used to identify gene modules through the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method. Then, key modules highly associated with Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammatory response were pinpointed by combining module expression score and functional information. Meanwhile, the relationship of the Aβ-associated module to the neuron and microglia was explored based on snRNA-seq data. Afterward, transcription factor (TF) enrichment and the SCENIC analysis were performed on the Aβ-associated module to discover the related upstream regulators, and then a PPI network proximity method was employed to repurpose the potential approved drugs for AD. Results A total of 16 co-expression modules were primarily obtained by the WGCNA method. Among them, the green module was significantly correlated with Aβ accumulation, and its function was mainly involved in neuroinflammation response and neuron death. Thus, the module was termed the amyloid-β induced neuroinflammation module (AIM). Moreover, the module was negatively correlated with neuron percentage and showed a close association with inflammatory microglia. Finally, based on the module, several important TFs were recognized as potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD, and then 20 possible drugs including ibrutinib and ponatinib were picked out for the disease. Conclusion In this study, a specific gene module, termed AIM, was identified as a key sub-network of Aβ accumulation and neuroinflammation in AD. Moreover, the module was verified as having an association with neuron degeneration and inflammatory microglia transformation. Moreover, some promising TFs and potential repurposing drugs were presented for AD based on the module. The findings of the study shed new light on the mechanistic investigation of AD and might make benefits the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shensuo Li
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changhao Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Zhenzhen Zhao
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Lu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangyong Zheng
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center for Chinese Medicine Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Zhang C, Wei C, Huang X, Hou C, Liu C, Zhang S, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhou L, Li Y, Yuan X, Zhang J. MPC-n (IgG) improves long-term cognitive impairment in the mouse model of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury. BMC Med 2023; 21:199. [PMID: 37254196 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact sports athletes and military personnel who suffered a repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI) are at high risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as advanced dementia and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). However, due to the lack of specific biological indicators in clinical practice, the diagnosis and treatment of rmTBI are quite limited. METHODS We used 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC)-nanocapsules to deliver immunoglobulins (IgG), which can increase the delivery efficiency and specific target of IgG while reducing the effective therapeutic dose of the drug. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that MPC-capsuled immunoglobulins (MPC-n (IgG)) significantly alleviated cognitive impairment, hippocampal atrophy, p-Tau deposition, and myelin injury in rmTBI mice compared with free IgG. Furthermore, MPC-n (IgG) can also effectively inhibit the activation of microglia and the release of inflammatory factors. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we put forward an efficient strategy for the treatment of rmTBI-related cognitive impairment and provide evidence for the administration of low-dose IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaonan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xingqi Huang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Changxin Hou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Zilong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Yafan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ruiguang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China
| | - Xubo Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Post-Neurotrauma Neuro-Repair and Regeneration in Central Nervous System, Ministry of Education and Tianjin City, Department of Neurosurgery, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, 300052, China.
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Kristof Z, Gal Z, Torok D, Eszlari N, Sutori S, Erdelyi-Hamza B, Petschner P, Sperlagh B, Anderson IM, Deakin JFW, Bagdy G, Juhasz G, Gonda X. Variation along P2RX7 interacts with early traumas on severity of anxiety suggesting a role for neuroinflammation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7757. [PMID: 37173368 PMCID: PMC10182087 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34781-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotional stress is a leading risk factor in the development of neuropsychiatric disorders possibly via immune activation. P2X7 receptors promote neuroinflammation, and research suggests a relationship between chromosome region 12q2431, in which the P2X7R gene is located, and development of mood disorders, however, few studies concentrate on its association with anxiety. Our aim was to investigate the effects of P2RX7 variation in interaction with early childhood traumas and recent stressors on anxiety. 1752 participants completed questionnaires assessing childhood adversities and recent negative life events, provided data on anxiety using the Brief Symptom Inventory, and were genotyped for 681 SNPs in the P2RX7 gene, 335 of which passed quality control and were entered into linear regression models followed by a linkage disequilibrium-based clumping procedure to identify clumps of SNPs with a significant main or interaction effect. We identified a significant clump with top SNP rs67881993 and containing a set of 29SNPs that are in high LD, which significantly interacted with early childhood traumas but not with recent stress conveying a protective effect against increased anxiety in those exposed to early adversities. Our study demonstrated that P2RX7 variants interact with distal and more etiological stressors in influencing the severity of anxiety symptoms, supporting previous scarce results and demonstrating its role in moderating the effects of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuliet Kristof
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Zsofia Gal
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dora Torok
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nora Eszlari
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sara Sutori
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Berta Erdelyi-Hamza
- Doctoral School of Mental Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary
| | - Peter Petschner
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Bioinformatics Center, Institute of Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
- Research Unit for Realization of Sustainable Society, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Beata Sperlagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ian M Anderson
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - John Francis William Deakin
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biological, Medical and Human Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gyorgy Bagdy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Juhasz
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Xenia Gonda
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, Gyulai Pál Str. 2, Budapest, 1085, Hungary.
- NAP3.0-SE Neuropsychopharmacology Research Group, Hungarian Brain Research Program, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
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McMillan RE, Wang E, Carlin AF, Coufal NG. Human microglial models to study host-virus interactions. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114375. [PMID: 36907350 PMCID: PMC10521930 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
Microglia, the resident macrophage of the central nervous system, are increasingly recognized as contributing to diverse aspects of human development, health, and disease. In recent years, numerous studies in both mouse and human models have identified microglia as a "double edged sword" in the progression of neurotropic viral infections: protecting against viral replication and cell death in some contexts, while acting as viral reservoirs and promoting excess cellular stress and cytotoxicity in others. It is imperative to understand the diversity of human microglial responses in order to therapeutically modulate them; however, modeling human microglia has been historically challenging due to significant interspecies differences in innate immunity and rapid transformation upon in vitro culture. In this review, we discuss the contribution of microglia to the neuropathogenesis of key neurotropic viral infections: human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), West Nile virus (WNV), Herpes simplex virus (HSV), and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We pay special attention to recent work with human stem cell-derived microglia and propose strategies to leverage these powerful models to further uncover species- and disease-specific microglial responses and novel therapeutic interventions for neurotropic viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E McMillan
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America; Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Ellen Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America
| | - Aaron F Carlin
- Department of Pathology and Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States of America.
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Wang M, Tang G, Zhou C, Guo H, Hu Z, Hu Q, Li G. Revisiting the intersection of microglial activation and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease from the perspective of ferroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 375:110387. [PMID: 36758888 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by chronic neuroinflammation with amyloid beta-protein deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau protein. The typical clinical manifestation of AD is progressive memory impairment, and AD is considered a multifactorial disease with various etiologies (genetic factors, aging, lifestyle, etc.) and complicated pathophysiological processes. Previous research identified that neuroinflammation and typical microglial activation are significant mechanisms underlying AD, resulting in dysfunction of the nervous system and progression of the disease. Ferroptosis is a novel modality involved in this process. As an iron-dependent form of cell death, ferroptosis, characterized by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and irreversible plasma membrane disruption, promotes AD by accelerating neuronal dysfunction and abnormal microglial activation. In this case, disturbances in brain iron homeostasis and neuronal ferroptosis aggravate neuroinflammation and lead to the abnormal activation of microglia. Abnormally activated microglia release various pro-inflammatory factors that aggravate the dysregulation of iron homeostasis and neuroinflammation, forming a vicious cycle. In this review, we first introduce ferroptosis, microglia, AD, and their relationship. Second, we discuss the nonnegligible role of ferroptosis in the abnormal microglial activation involved in the chronic neuroinflammation of AD to provide new ideas for the identification of potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Wang
- Queen Mary School, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Gan Tang
- Queen Mary School, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Congfa Zhou
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Hongmin Guo
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Zihui Hu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Qixing Hu
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China
| | - Guilin Li
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Nanchang University, 461 Bayi Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, PR China.
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Tang JM, McClennan A, Liu L, Hadway J, Ronald JA, Hicks JW, Hoffman L, Anazodo UC. A Protocol for Simultaneous In Vivo Imaging of Cardiac and Neuroinflammation in Dystrophin-Deficient MDX Mice Using [ 18F]FEPPA PET. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087522. [PMID: 37108685 PMCID: PMC10144317 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder caused by dystrophin loss-notably within muscles and the central neurons system. DMD presents as cognitive weakness, progressive skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration until pre-mature death from cardiac or respiratory failure. Innovative therapies have improved life expectancy; however, this is accompanied by increased late-onset heart failure and emergent cognitive degeneration. Thus, better assessment of dystrophic heart and brain pathophysiology is needed. Chronic inflammation is strongly associated with skeletal and cardiac muscle degeneration; however, neuroinflammation's role is largely unknown in DMD despite being prevalent in other neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we present an inflammatory marker translocator protein (TSPO) positron emission tomography (PET) protocol for in vivo concomitant assessment of immune cell response in hearts and brains of a dystrophin-deficient mouse model [mdx:utrn(+/-)]. Preliminary analysis of whole-body PET imaging using the TSPO radiotracer, [18F]FEPPA in four mdx:utrn(+/-) and six wildtype mice are presented with ex vivo TSPO-immunofluorescence tissue staining. The mdx:utrn(+/-) mice showed significant elevations in heart and brain [18F]FEPPA activity, which correlated with increased ex vivo fluorescence intensity, highlighting the potential of TSPO-PET to simultaneously assess presence of cardiac and neuroinflammation in dystrophic heart and brain, as well as in several organs within a DMD model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne M Tang
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Andrew McClennan
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Linshan Liu
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Jennifer Hadway
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - John A Ronald
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Justin W Hicks
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
| | - Lisa Hoffman
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Udunna C Anazodo
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
- Lawson Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A 4V2, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0G4, Canada
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60
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Breitinger U, Breitinger HG. Excitatory and inhibitory neuronal signaling in inflammatory and diabetic neuropathic pain. Mol Med 2023; 29:53. [PMID: 37069517 PMCID: PMC10111846 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00647-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain, although unpleasant, is an essential warning mechanism against injury and damage of the organism. An intricate network of specialised sensors and transmission systems contributes to reception, transmission and central sensitization of pain. Here, we briefly introduce some of the main aspects of pain signal transmission, including nociceptors and nociceptive signals, mechanisms of inflammatory and neuropathic pain, and the situation of diabetes-associated neuropathic pain. The role of glia-astrocytes, microglia, satellite glia cells-and their specific channels, transporters and signaling pathways is described. A focus is on the contribution of inhibitory synaptic signaling to nociception and a possible role of glycine receptors in glucose-mediated analgesia and treatment-induced diabetic neuropathy. Inhibitory receptors such as GABAA- and glycine receptors are important contributors to nociceptive signaling; their contribution to altered pain sensation in diabetes may be of clinical relevance, and they could be promising therapeutic targets towards the development of novel analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Breitinger
- Department of Biochemistry, German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Barichello T, Giridharan VV, Catalão CHR, Ritter C, Dal-Pizzol F. Neurochemical effects of sepsis on the brain. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:401-414. [PMID: 36942500 PMCID: PMC11315270 DOI: 10.1042/cs20220549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction triggered by a dysregulated host immune response to eliminate an infection. After the host immune response is activated, a complex, dynamic, and time-dependent process is triggered. This process promotes the production of inflammatory mediators, including acute-phase proteins, complement system proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial peptides, which are required to initiate an inflammatory environment for eliminating the invading pathogen. The physiological response of this sepsis-induced systemic inflammation can affect blood-brain barrier (BBB) function; subsequently, endothelial cells produce inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that degrade tight junction (TJ) proteins and decrease BBB function. The resulting BBB permeability allows peripheral immune cells from the bloodstream to enter the brain, which then release a range of inflammatory mediators and activate glial cells. The activated microglia and astrocytes release reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytokines, chemokines, and neurochemicals, initiate mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal damage, and exacerbate the inflammatory milieu in the brain. These changes trigger sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE), which has the potential to increase cognitive deterioration and susceptibility to cognitive decline later in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Barichello
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Vijayasree V Giridharan
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, U.S.A
| | - Carlos Henrique R Catalão
- Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, U.S.A
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Ritter
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
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Choi BY, Hong DK, Kang BS, Lee SH, Choi S, Kim HJ, Lee SM, Suh SW. Engineered Mesenchymal Stem Cells Over-Expressing BDNF Protect the Brain from Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Neuronal Death, Neurological Deficits, and Cognitive Impairments. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16030436. [PMID: 36986535 PMCID: PMC10054459 DOI: 10.3390/ph16030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) causes transitory or permanent neurological and cognitive impairments, which can intensify over time due to secondary neuronal death. However, no therapy currently exists that can effectively treat brain injury following TBI. Here, we evaluate the therapeutic potential of irradiated engineered human mesenchymal stem cells over-expressing brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which we denote by BDNF-eMSCs, in protecting the brain against neuronal death, neurological deficits, and cognitive impairment in TBI rats. BDNF-eMSCs were administered directly into the left lateral ventricle of the brain in rats that received TBI damage. A single administration of BDNF-eMSCs reduced TBI-induced neuronal death and glial activation in the hippocampus, while repeated administration of BDNF-eMSCs reduced not only glial activation and delayed neuronal loss but also enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis in TBI rats. In addition, BDNF-eMSCs reduced the lesion area in the damaged brain of the rats. Behaviorally, BDNF-eMSC treatment improved the neurological and cognitive functions of the TBI rats. The results presented in this study demonstrate that BDNF-eMSCs can attenuate TBI-induced brain damage through the suppression of neuronal death and increased neurogenesis, thus enhancing functional recovery after TBI, indicating the significant therapeutic potential of BDNF-eMSCs in the treatment of TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Young Choi
- Department of Physical Education, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Sports Science, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ki Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Beom Seok Kang
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Si Hyun Lee
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyuk Choi
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Kim
- SL BiGen, Inc., SL BIGEN Research Hall, 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Min Lee
- SL BiGen, Inc., SL BIGEN Research Hall, 85, Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.L.); (S.W.S.)
| | - Sang Won Suh
- Department of Physiology, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.M.L.); (S.W.S.)
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63
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Tang HT, Zhang YP, Zhao S, Song C. Common mechanisms involved in lung cancer and depression: The dominant role of interleukin-6-IDO pathway in the lung-brain axis. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2023.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
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Martin LF, Cheng K, Washington SM, Denton M, Goel V, Khandekar M, Largent-Milnes TM, Patwardhan A, Ibrahim MM. Green Light Exposure Elicits Anti-inflammation, Endogenous Opioid Release and Dampens Synaptic Potentiation to Relieve Post-surgical Pain. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2023; 24:509-529. [PMID: 36283655 PMCID: PMC9991952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Light therapy improves multiple conditions such as seasonal affective disorders, circadian rhythm dysregulations, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, little is known about its potential benefits in pain management. While current pharmacologic methods are effective in many cases, the associated side effects can limit their use. Non-pharmacological methods would minimize drug dependence, facilitating a reduction of the opioid burden. Green light therapy has been shown to be effective in reducing chronic pain in humans and rodents. However, its underlying mechanisms remain incompletely defined. In this study, we demonstrate that green light exposure reduced postsurgical hypersensitivity in rats. Moreover, this therapy potentiated the antinociceptive effects of morphine and ibuprofen on mechanical allodynia in male rats. Importantly, in female rats, GLED potentiated the antinociceptive effects of morphine but did not affect that of ibuprofen. We showed that green light increases endogenous opioid levels while lessening synaptic plasticity and neuroinflammation. Importantly, this study reveals new insights into how light exposure can affect neuroinflammation and plasticity in both genders. Clinical translation of these results could provide patients with improved pain control and decrease opioid consumption. Given the noninvasive nature of green light, this innovative therapy would be readily implementable in hospitals. PERSPECTIVE: This study provides a potential additional therapy to decrease postsurgical pain. Given the safety, availability, and the efficacy of green light therapy, there is a significant potential for advancing the green light therapy to clinical trials and eventual translation to clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent F Martin
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Stephanie M Washington
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Millie Denton
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Vasudha Goel
- Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Maithili Khandekar
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Tally M Largent-Milnes
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Amol Patwardhan
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mohab M Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Comprehensive Pain and Addiction Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.
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Zhang L, He CH, Coffey S, Yin D, Hsu IU, Su C, Ye Y, Zhang C, Spurrier J, Nicholson L, Rothlin CV, Ghosh S, Gopal PP, Hafler DA, Zhao H, Strittmatter SM. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of Alzheimer's disease middle temporal gyrus reveals region, cell type and sex specificity of gene expression with novel genetic risk for MERTK in female. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.18.23286037. [PMID: 36865305 PMCID: PMC9980267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.23286037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, is closely associated with both amyloid-ß plaque and neuroinflammation. Two thirds of Alzheimer's disease patients are females and they have a higher disease risk. Moreover, women with Alzheimer's disease have more extensive brain histological changes than men along with more severe cognitive symptoms and neurodegeneration. To identify how sex difference induces structural brain changes, we performed unbiased massively parallel single nucleus RNA sequencing on Alzheimer's disease and control brains focusing on the middle temporal gyrus, a brain region strongly affected by the disease but not previously studied with these methods. We identified a subpopulation of selectively vulnerable layer 2/3 excitatory neurons that that were RORB-negative and CDH9-expressing. This vulnerability differs from that reported for other brain regions, but there was no detectable difference between male and female patterns in middle temporal gyrus samples. Disease-associated, but sex-independent, reactive astrocyte signatures were also present. In clear contrast, the microglia signatures of diseased brains differed between males and females. Combining single cell transcriptomic data with results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified MERTK genetic variation as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease selectively in females. Taken together, our single cell dataset revealed a unique cellular-level view of sex-specific transcriptional changes in Alzheimer's disease, illuminating GWAS identification of sex-specific Alzheimer's risk genes. These data serve as a rich resource for interrogation of the molecular and cellular basis of Alzheimer's disease.
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66
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Pavlock S, McCarthy DM, Kesarwani A, Jean-Pierre P, Bhide PG. Hippocampal neuroinflammation following combined exposure to cyclophosphamide and naproxen in ovariectomized mice. Int J Neurosci 2023; 133:159-168. [PMID: 33635748 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2021.1896508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Aim: Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy report cognitive changes collectively termed "chemo brain." Neuroinflammation is among the factors believed to contribute to "chemo brain" suggesting a potential beneficial role for anti-inflammatory drugs in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. We investigated whether the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug naproxen influenced hippocampal inflammation in non-tumor bearing female mice receiving the chemotherapy drug cyclophosphamide (CP).Materials and methods: Intact and ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice were used to examine potential role of ovarian hormones on neuroinflammation. The mice were placed on naproxen (375 ppm) or control diet, and a week later CP (100 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered every 3 days for 2 weeks. We analyzed hippocampal inflammatory biomarkers, anxiety-like behavior, spatial working memory, exploratory behavior, spontaneous locomotor activity and depression-like behavior.Results: CP produced significant effects on anti-inflammatory but not pro-inflammatory biomarkers. However, CP and naproxen in combination produced significant effects on both pro- and anti- inflammatory biomarkers. Naproxen and ovariectomy individually produced significant effects on pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers as well. Working memory and depression-like behavior were not significantly influenced by CP, naproxen or ovariectomy individually although CP and ovariectomy produced significant interaction effects on depression-like behavior. Exploratory behavior and locomotor activity showed significant effects of CP, and interaction between CP and naproxen was significant for locomotor activity.Conclusions: Ovariectomy, naproxen and a combination of CP and naproxen upregulate hippocampal pro- and anti- inflammatory biomarkers. None of the factors individually produce significant behavioral changes that could be consistent with chemo brain, although CP and ovariectomy in combination produced significant effects on depression-like behavior, a co-morbidity of chemo brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Pavlock
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Deirdre M McCarthy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Anisha Kesarwani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Pascal Jean-Pierre
- Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Pradeep G Bhide
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Ohgidani M, Kushima I, Inamine S, Kyuragi S, Sagata N, Nakao T, Kanba S, Ozaki N, Kato TA. A case of bipolar disorder with AIF1 (coding gene of Iba-1) deletion: A pilot in vitro analysis using blood-derived microglia-like cells. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 77:128-130. [PMID: 36349416 DOI: 10.1111/pcn.13505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Ohgidani
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Department of Functional Anatomy and Neuroscience, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan.,Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shogo Inamine
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sota Kyuragi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Noriaki Sagata
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nakao
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Kanba
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro A Kato
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Microglial Activation in Metal Neurotoxicity: Impact in Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:7389508. [PMID: 36760476 PMCID: PMC9904912 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7389508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative processes encompass a large variety of diseases with different pathological patterns and clinical features, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Exposure to metals has been hypothesized to increase oxidative stress in brain cells leading to cell death and neurodegeneration. Neurotoxicity of metals has been demonstrated by several in vitro and in vivo experimental studies, and most probably, each metal has its specific pathway to trigger cell death. As a result, exposure to essential metals, such as manganese, iron, copper, zinc, and cobalt, and nonessential metals, including lead, aluminum, and cadmium, perturbs metal homeostasis at the cellular and organism levels leading to neurodegeneration. In this contribution, a comprehensive review of the molecular mechanisms by which metals affect microglia physiology and signaling properties is presented. Furthermore, studies that validate the disruption of microglia activation pathways as an essential mechanism of metal toxicity that can contribute to neurodegenerative disease are also presented and discussed.
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Zhao P, Li X, Yang Q, Lu Y, Wang G, Yang H, Dong J, Zhang H. Malvidin alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and ROS accumulation through activating AMPK-α/UCP2 axis, thereby resisting inflammation and apoptosis in SAE mice. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1038802. [PMID: 36699054 PMCID: PMC9868257 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1038802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the protective roles of malvidin in life-threatened sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) and illustrate the underlying mechanism. SAE mice models were developed and treated with malvidin for subsequently protective effects evaluation. Malvidin restored neurobehavioral retardation, declined serum S100β and NSE levels, sustained cerebrum morphological structure, improved blood-brain barrier integrity with elevated tight junction proteins, and decreased evans blue leakage, and finally protect SAE mice from brain injury. Mechanistically, malvidin prevented cerebrum from mitochondrial dysfunction with enhanced JC-1 aggregates and ATP levels, and ROS accumulation with decreased lipid peroxidation and increased antioxidant enzymes. UCP2 protein levels were found to be decreased after LPS stimulation in the cerebrum and BV-2 cells, and malvidin recovered its levels in a ROS dependent manner. In vivo inhibition of UCP2 with genipin or in vitro interference with siRNA UCP2 both disrupted the mitochondrial membrane potential, decreased ATP levels and intensified DCF signals, being a key target for malvidin. Moreover, dorsomorphin block assays verified that malvidin upregulated UCP2 expression through phosphorylating AMPK in SAE models. Also, malvidin alleviated SAE progression through inhibition of ROS-dependent NLRP3 inflammasome activation mediated serum pro-inflammatory cytokines secretion and mitochondrial pathway mediated apoptosis with weakened apoptosis body formation and tunel positive signals, and decreased Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-3 and increased Bcl-2 protein levels. Overall, this study illustrated that malvidin targeted AMPK-α/UCP2 axis to restore LPS-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and alleviate ROS accumulation, which further inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial apoptosis in a ROS dependent way, and ultimately protected SAE mice, providing a reference for the targeted development of SAE prophylactic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhao
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qiankun Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yingzhi Lu
- Department of Oncology, The Second People’s Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Guanglu Wang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jingquan Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Honggang Zhang
- Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Vascular Surgery, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang, China,*Correspondence: Honggang Zhang,
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Wu Y, Eisel UL. Microglia-Astrocyte Communication in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 95:785-803. [PMID: 37638434 PMCID: PMC10578295 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Microglia and astrocytes are regarded as active participants in the central nervous system under various neuropathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both microglia and astrocyte activation have been reported to occur with a spatially and temporarily distinct pattern. Acting as a double-edged sword, glia-mediated neuroinflammation may be both detrimental and beneficial to the brain. In a variety of neuropathologies, microglia are activated before astrocytes, which facilitates astrocyte activation. Yet reactive astrocytes can also prevent the activation of adjacent microglia in addition to helping them become activated. Studies describe changes in the genetic profile as well as cellular and molecular responses of these two types of glial cells that contribute to dysfunctional immune crosstalk in AD. In this paper, we construct current knowledge of microglia-astrocyte communication, highlighting the multifaceted functions of microglia and astrocytes and their role in AD. A thorough comprehension of microglia-astrocyte communication could hasten the creation of novel AD treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ulrich L.M. Eisel
- Department of Molecular Neurobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences (GELIFES), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Ruggiero A, Attinà G, Campanelli A, Maurizi P, Triarico S, Romano A, Massimi L, Tamburrini G, Verdolotti T, Mastrangelo S. Pediatric low-grade glioma and neurofibromatosis type 1: A single-institution experience. J Cancer Res Ther 2023; 19:228-234. [PMID: 37313902 DOI: 10.4103/jcrt.jcrt_1677_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-related gliomas appear to have a clinical behavior different from that of sporadic cases. The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of different factors in influencing the tumor response rate of children receiving chemotherapy for their symptomatic glioma. Methods Between 1995 and 2015, 60 patients with low-grade glioma (42 sporadic cases and 18 cases with NF1) were treated. Patients with brainstem gliomas were excluded. Thirty-nine patients underwent exclusive or postsurgical chemotherapy (vincristine/carboplatin-based regimen). Results Disease reduction was achieved in 12 of the 28 patients (42.8%) with sporadic low-grade glioma and in 9 of the 11 patients (81.8%) with NF1, with a significant difference between the 2 groups (P < 0.05). The response to chemotherapy in both the patient groups was not significantly influenced by sex, age, tumor site, and histopathology, although disease reduction occurred more frequently in children aged under 3 years. Conclusions Our study showed that pediatric patients with low-grade glioma and NF1 are more likely to respond to chemotherapy than those with non-NF1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ruggiero
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Attinà
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia Campanelli
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Palma Maurizi
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Triarico
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Romano
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Massimi
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianpiero Tamburrini
- Pediatric Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Neurosurgery, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Verdolotti
- Radiology and Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Radiological Diagnostics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Mastrangelo
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Department of Women and Child Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli Hospital Foundation IRCCS, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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72
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The complex role of inflammation and gliotransmitters in Parkinson's disease. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 176:105940. [PMID: 36470499 PMCID: PMC10372760 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of innate and adaptive immune cell function in brain health and how it goes awry during aging and neurodegenerative diseases is still in its infancy. Inflammation and immunological dysfunction are common components of Parkinson's disease (PD), both in terms of motor and non-motor components of PD. In recent decades, the antiquated notion that the central nervous system (CNS) in disease states is an immune-privileged organ, has been debunked. The immune landscape in the CNS influences peripheral systems, and peripheral immunological changes can alter the CNS in health and disease. Identifying immune and inflammatory pathways that compromise neuronal health and survival is critical in designing innovative and effective strategies to limit their untoward effects on neuronal health.
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73
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Pharmacological Evidence of the Important Roles of CCR1 and CCR3 and Their Endogenous Ligands CCL2/7/8 in Hypersensitivity Based on a Murine Model of Neuropathic Pain. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010098. [PMID: 36611891 PMCID: PMC9818689 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain treatment remains a challenging issue because the therapies currently used in the clinic are not sufficiently effective. Moreover, the mechanism of neuropathy is still not entirely understood; however, much evidence indicates that chemokines are important factors in the initial and late phases of neuropathic pain. To date, the roles of CCR1, CCR3 and their endogenous ligands have not been extensively studied; therefore, they have become the subject of our research. In the present comprehensive behavioral and biochemical study, we detected significant time-dependent and long-lasting increases in the mRNA levels of CCR1 and/or CCR3 ligands, such as CCL2/3/4/5/6/7/8/9, in the murine spinal cord after chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve, and these increases were accompanied by changes in the levels of microglial/macrophage, astrocyte and neutrophil cell markers. ELISA results suggested that endogenous ligands of CCR1 and CCR3 are involved in the development (CCL2/3/5/7/8/9) and persistence (CCL2/7/8) of neuropathic pain. Moreover, intrathecal injection of CCL2/3/5/7/8/9 confirmed their possible strong influence on mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity development. Importantly, inhibition of CCL2/7/8 production and CCR1 and CCR3 blockade by selective/dual antagonists effectively reduced neuropathic pain-like behavior. The obtained data suggest that CCL2/7/8/CCR1 and CCL7/8/CCR3 signaling are important in the modulation of neuropathic pain in mice and that these chemokines and their receptors may be interesting targets for future investigations.
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74
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Stone TW, Clanchy FIL, Huang YS, Chiang NY, Darlington LG, Williams RO. An integrated cytokine and kynurenine network as the basis of neuroimmune communication. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1002004. [PMID: 36507331 PMCID: PMC9729788 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1002004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the molecular families closely associated with mediating communication between the brain and immune system are cytokines and the kynurenine metabolites of tryptophan. Both groups regulate neuron and glial activity in the central nervous system (CNS) and leukocyte function in the immune system, although neither group alone completely explains neuroimmune function, disease occurrence or severity. This essay suggests that the two families perform complementary functions generating an integrated network. The kynurenine pathway determines overall neuronal excitability and plasticity by modulating glutamate receptors and GPR35 activity across the CNS, and regulates general features of immune cell status, surveillance and tolerance which often involves the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AHR). Equally, cytokines and chemokines define and regulate specific populations of neurons, glia or immune system leukocytes, generating more specific responses within restricted CNS regions or leukocyte populations. In addition, as there is a much larger variety of these compounds, their homing properties enable the superimposition of dynamic variations of cell activity upon local, spatially limited, cell populations. This would in principle allow the targeting of potential treatments to restricted regions of the CNS. The proposed synergistic interface of 'tonic' kynurenine pathway affecting baseline activity and the superimposed 'phasic' cytokine system would constitute an integrated network explaining some features of neuroimmune communication. The concept would broaden the scope for the development of new treatments for disorders involving both the CNS and immune systems, with safer and more effective agents targeted to specific CNS regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W. Stone
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom,*Correspondence: Trevor W. Stone,
| | - Felix I. L. Clanchy
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yi-Shu Huang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nien-Yi Chiang
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - L. Gail Darlington
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ashtead Hospital, Ashtead, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O. Williams
- The Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, NDORMS, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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75
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Carvacrol Inhibits Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin 7 Channels and Alleviates Zinc Neurotoxicity Induced by Traumatic Brain Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213840. [PMID: 36430333 PMCID: PMC9692658 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Carvacrol is a monoterpenoid phenol produced by aromatic plants such as oregano. Although the exact mechanism by which carvacrol acts has not yet been established, it appears to inhibit transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7), which modulates the homeostasis of metal ions such as zinc and calcium. Several studies have demonstrated that carvacrol has protective effects against zinc neurotoxicity after ischemia and epilepsy. However, to date, no studies have investigated the effect of carvacrol on traumatic brain injury (TBI)-induced zinc neurotoxicity. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of carvacrol for the prevention of zinc-induced neuronal death after TBI. Rats were subjected to a controlled cortical impact, and carvacrol was injected at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Histological analysis was performed at 12 h, 24 h, and 7 days after TBI. We found that carvacrol reduced TBI-induced TRPM7 over-expression and free zinc accumulation. As a result, subsequent oxidative stress, dendritic damage, and neuronal degeneration were decreased. Moreover, carvacrol not only reduced microglial activation and delayed neuronal death but also improved neurological outcomes after TBI. Taken together, these findings suggest that carvacrol administration may have therapeutic potential after TBI by preventing neuronal death through the inhibition of TRPM7 expression and alleviation of zinc neurotoxicity.
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76
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Zhang Y, Lang R, Guo S, Luo X, Li H, Liu C, Dong W, Bao C, Yu Y. Intestinal microbiota and melatonin in the treatment of secondary injury and complications after spinal cord injury. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:981772. [PMID: 36440294 PMCID: PMC9682189 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.981772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a central nervous system (CNS) disease that can cause sensory and motor impairment below the level of injury. Currently, the treatment scheme for SCI mainly focuses on secondary injury and complications. Recent studies have shown that SCI leads to an imbalance of intestinal microbiota and the imbalance is also associated with complications after SCI, possibly through the microbial-brain-gut axis. Melatonin is secreted in many parts of the body including pineal gland and gut, effectively protecting the spinal cord from secondary damage. The secretion of melatonin is affected by circadian rhythms, known as the dark light cycle, and SCI would also cause dysregulation of melatonin secretion. In addition, melatonin is closely related to the intestinal microbiota, which protects the barrier function of the gut through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, and increases the abundance of intestinal microbiota by influencing the metabolism of the intestinal microbiota. Furthermore, the intestinal microbiota can influence melatonin formation by regulating tryptophan and serotonin metabolism. This paper summarizes and reviews the knowledge on the relationship among intestinal microbiota, melatonin, and SCI in recent years, to provide new theories and ideas for clinical research related to SCI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Rui Lang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shunyu Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaoqin Luo
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Huiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cencen Liu
- Department of Pathology, People’s Hospital of Zhongjiang County, Deyang, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Changshun Bao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Academician (Expert) Workstation of Sichuan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Neurological Diseases and Brain Function Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy and Histoembryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education and Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Collaborative Innovation Center for Prevention of Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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77
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Mitochondria-Targeted Human Catalase in the Mouse Longevity MCAT Model Mitigates Head-Tilt Bedrest-Induced Neuro-Inflammation in the Hippocampus. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111838. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Microgravity (modeled by head-tilt bedrest and hind-limb unloading), experienced during prolonged spaceflight, results in neurological consequences, central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction, and potentially impairment during the performance of critical tasks. Similar pathologies are observed in bedrest, sedentary lifestyle, and muscle disuse on Earth. In our previous study, we saw that head-tilt bedrest together with social isolation upregulated the milieu of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus and plasma. These changes were mitigated in a MCAT mouse model overexpressing human catalase in the mitochondria, pointing out the importance of ROS signaling in this stress response. Here, we used a head-tilt model in socially housed mice to tease out the effects of head-tilt bedrest without isolation. In order to find the underlying molecular mechanisms that provoked the cytokine response, we measured CD68, an indicator of microglial activation in the hippocampus, as well as changes in normal in-cage behavior. We hypothesized that hindlimb unloading (HU) will elicit microglial hippocampal activations, which will be mitigated in the MCAT ROS-quenching mice model. Indeed, we saw an elevation of the activated microglia CD68 marker following HU in the hippocampus, and this pathology was mitigated in MCAT mice. Additionally, we identified cytokines in the hippocampus, which had significant positive correlations with CD68 and negative correlations with exploratory behaviors, indicating a link between neuroinflammation and behavioral consequences. Unveiling a correlation between molecular and behavioral changes could reveal a biomarker indicative of these responses and could also result in a potential target for the treatment and prevention of cognitive changes following long space missions and/or muscle disuse on Earth.
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78
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Janpaijit S, Lertpatipanpong P, Sillapachaiyaporn C, Baek SJ, Charoenkiatkul S, Tencomnao T, Sukprasansap M. Anti-neuroinflammatory effects of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala berry-seed extract in BV-2 microglial cells via inhibition of MAPKs/NF-κB signaling pathway. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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79
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Xu Y, Ma Q, Du H, Yang C, Lin G. Postoperative Delirium in Neurosurgical Patients: Recent Insights into the Pathogenesis. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12101371. [PMID: 36291305 PMCID: PMC9599232 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12101371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative delirium (POD) is a complication characterized by disturbances in attention, awareness, and cognitive function that occur shortly after surgery or emergence from anesthesia. Since it occurs prevalently in neurosurgical patients and poses great threats to the well-being of patients, much emphasis is placed on POD in neurosurgical units. However, there are intricate theories about its pathogenesis and limited pharmacological interventions for POD. In this study, we review the recent insights into its pathogenesis, mainly based on studies within five years, and the five dominant pathological theories that account for the development of POD, with the intention of furthering our understanding and boosting its clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinuo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qianquan Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Haiming Du
- Department of Anesthesiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chenlong Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- North America Medical Education Foundation, Union City, CA 94587, USA
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
| | - Guozhong Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
- Center for Precision Neurosurgery and Oncology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (C.Y.); (G.L.); Tel.: +86-135-1108-7060 (C.Y.); +86-135-5240-0103 (G.L.)
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80
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Yan Y, Su J, Zhang Z. The CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 Response Axis in Chronic Neurodegenerative Disorders of the Central Nervous System: Therapeutic Target and Biomarker. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2022; 42:2147-2156. [PMID: 34117967 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
There has been an increase in the incidence of chronic neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, over the recent years mostly due to the rise in the number of elderly individuals. In addition, various neurodegenerative disorders are related to imbalances in the CXCL12/CXCR4/ACKR3 response axis. Notably, the CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) is essential for the development of the central nervous system. Moreover, the expression and distribution of CXCL12 and its receptors are associated with the aggravation or alleviation of symptoms of neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, the current review sought to highlight the specific functions of CXCL12 and its receptors in various neurodegenerative disorders, in order to provide new insights for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudie Yan
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingtong Su
- Jinzhou Medical University, Liaoning Province, Jinzhou City, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Province, Shenyang City, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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81
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Infection, Learning, and Memory: Focus on Immune Activation and Aversive Conditioning. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 142:104898. [PMID: 36183862 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Here we review the effects of immune activation primarily via lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria, on hippocampal and non-hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Rodent studies have found that LPS alters both the acquisition and consolidation of aversive learning and memory, such as those evoking evolutionarily adaptive responses like fear and disgust. The inhibitory effects of LPS on the acquisition and consolidation of contextual fear memory are discussed. LPS-induced alterations in the acquisition of taste and place-related conditioned disgust memory within bottle preference tasks and taste reactivity tests (taste-related), in addition to conditioned context avoidance tasks and the anticipatory nausea paradigm (place-related), are highlighted. Further, conditioned disgust memory consolidation may also be influenced by LPS-induced effects. Growing evidence suggests a central role of immune activation, especially pro-inflammatory cytokine activity, in eliciting the effects described here. Understanding how infection-induced immune activation alters learning and memory is increasingly important as bacterial and viral infections are found to present a risk of learning and memory impairment.
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82
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Araújo B, Caridade-Silva R, Soares-Guedes C, Martins-Macedo J, Gomes ED, Monteiro S, Teixeira FG. Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's Disease-From Neurodegeneration to Therapeutic Opportunities. Cells 2022; 11:cells11182908. [PMID: 36139483 PMCID: PMC9497016 DOI: 10.3390/cells11182908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAn), resulting in severe motor complications. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that neuroinflammation can play a role in PD pathophysiology, being associated with its onset and progression. Nevertheless, several key points concerning the neuroinflammatory process in PD remain to be answered. Bearing this in mind, in the present review, we cover the impact of neuroinflammation on PD by exploring the role of inflammatory cells (i.e., microglia and astrocytes) and the interconnections between the brain and the peripheral system. Furthermore, we discuss both the innate and adaptive immune responses regarding PD pathology and explore the gut–brain axis communication and its influence on the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Araújo
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Medical and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Center (PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Caridade-Silva
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Medical and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Center (PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Soares-Guedes
- Medical and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Center (PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Martins-Macedo
- Medical and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Center (PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo D. Gomes
- Medical and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Center (PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Susana Monteiro
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Fábio G. Teixeira
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B’s-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057/4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
- Medical and Industrial Biotechnology Laboratory (LABMI), Porto Research, Technology, and Innovation Center (PORTIC), Porto Polytechnic Institute, 4200-375 Porto, Portugal
- I3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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83
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Microglia-T cell conversations in brain cancer progression. Trends Mol Med 2022; 28:951-963. [PMID: 36075812 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The highly immunosuppressive and heterogeneous milieu of brain malignancies contributes to their dismal prognosis. Regardless of their cellular origin, brain tumors grow in an environment with various specialized organ-resident cells. Although homeostatic microglia contribute to a healthy brain, conversations between disease-associated microglia and T cells compromise their individual and collective capacity to curb malignant growth. We review the mechanisms of T cell-microglia interactions and discuss how their collaboration fosters heterogeneity and immunosuppression in brain cancers. Because of the importance of microglia and T cells in the brain tumor microenvironment, it is crucial to understand their interactions to derive innovative therapeutics.
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84
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Okusha Y, Lang BJ, Murshid A, Borges TJ, Holton KM, Clark-Matott J, Doshi S, Ikezu T, Calderwood SK. Extracellular Hsp90α stimulates a unique innate gene profile in microglial cells with simultaneous activation of Nrf2 and protection from oxidative stress. Cell Stress Chaperones 2022; 27:461-478. [PMID: 35689138 PMCID: PMC9485360 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Delivery of exogenous heat shock protein 90α (Hsp90α) and/or its induced expression in neural tissues has been suggested as a potential strategy to combat neurodegenerative disease. However, within a neurodegenerative context, a pro-inflammatory response to extracellular Hsp90α (eHsp90α) could undermine strategies to use it for therapeutic intervention. The aim of this study was to investigate the biological effects of eHsp90α on microglial cells, the primary mediators of inflammatory responses in the brain. Transcriptomic profiling by RNA-seq of primary microglia and the cultured EOC2 microglial cell line treated with eHsp90α showed the chaperone to stimulate activation of innate immune responses in microglia that were characterized by an increase in NF-kB-regulated genes. Further characterization showed this response to be substantially lower in amplitude than the effects of other inflammatory stimuli such as fibrillar amyloid-β (fAβ) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Additionally, the toxicity of conditioned media obtained from microglia treated with fAβ was attenuated by addition of eHsp90α. Using a co-culture system of microglia and hippocampal neuronal cell line HT22 cells separated by a chamber insert, the neurotoxicity of medium conditioned by microglia treated with fAβ was reduced when eHsp90α was also added. Mechanistically, eHsp90α was shown to activate Nrf2, a response which attenuated fAβ-induced nitric oxide production. The data thus suggested that eHsp90α protects against fAβ-induced oxidative stress. We also report eHsp90α to induce expression of macrophage receptor with collagenous structure (Marco), which would permit receptor-mediated endocytosis of fAβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Okusha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- JSPS Overseas Research Fellowship, Tokyo, 102-0083, Japan.
| | - Benjamin J Lang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Ayesha Murshid
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Thiago J Borges
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Kristina M Holton
- Research Computing, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Joanne Clark-Matott
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sachin Doshi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Tsuneya Ikezu
- Department of Neuroscience, Molecular NeuroTherapeutics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Stuart K Calderwood
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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85
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Ngwa C, Al Mamun A, Qi S, Sharmeen R, Xu Y, Liu F. Regulation of microglial activation in stroke in aged mice: a translational study. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:6047-6065. [PMID: 35963621 PMCID: PMC9417226 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Numerous neurochemical changes occur with aging and stroke mainly affects the elderly. Our previous study has found interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) and 4 (IRF4) regulate neuroinflammation in young stroke mice. However, whether the IRF5-IRF4 regulatory axis has the same effect in aged brains is not known. In this study, aged (18-20-month-old), microglial IRF5 or IRF4 conditional knockout (CKO) mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). Stroke outcomes were quantified at 3d after MCAO. Flow cytometry and ELISA were performed to evaluate microglial activation and immune responses. We found aged microglia express higher levels of IRF5 and lower levels of IRF4 than young microglia after stroke. IRF5 CKO aged mice had improved stroke outcomes; whereas worse outcomes were seen in IRF4 CKO vs. their flox controls. IRF5 CKO aged microglia had significantly lower levels of IL-1β and CD68 than controls; whereas significantly higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were seen in IRF4 CKO vs. control microglia. Plasma levels of TNF-α and MIP-1α were decreased in IRF5 CKO vs. flox aged mice, and IL-1β/IL-6 levels were increased in IRF4 CKO vs. controls. The anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4/IL-10) levels were higher in IRF5 CKO, and lower in IRF4 CKO aged mice vs. their flox controls. IRF5 and IRF4 signaling drives microglial pro- and anti-inflammatory response respectively; microglial IRF5 is detrimental and IRF4 beneficial for aged mice in stroke. IRF5-IRF4 axis is a promising target for developing new, effective therapeutic strategies for the cerebral ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conelius Ngwa
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shaohua Qi
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Romana Sharmeen
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Fudong Liu
- Department of Neurology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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86
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Zhang XW, Feng N, Liu YC, Guo Q, Wang JK, Bai YZ, Ye XM, Yang Z, Yang H, Liu Y, Yang MM, Wang YH, Shi XM, Liu D, Tu PF, Zeng KW. Neuroinflammation inhibition by small-molecule targeting USP7 noncatalytic domain for neurodegenerative disease therapy. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo0789. [PMID: 35947662 PMCID: PMC9365288 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo0789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a fundamental contributor to progressive neuronal damage, which arouses a heightened interest in neurodegenerative disease therapy. Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) has a crucial role in regulating protein stability in multiple biological processes; however, the potential role of USP7 in neurodegenerative progression is poorly understood. Here, we discover the natural small molecule eupalinolide B (EB), which targets USP7 to inhibit microglia activation. Cocrystal structure reveals a previously undisclosed covalent allosteric site, Cys576, in a unique noncatalytic HUBL domain. By selectively modifying Cys576, EB allosterically inhibits USP7 to cause a ubiquitination-dependent degradation of Keap1. Keap1 function loss further results in an Nrf2-dependent transcription activation of anti-neuroinflammation genes in microglia. In vivo, pharmacological USP7 inhibition attenuates microglia activation and resultant neuron injury, thereby notably improving behavioral deficits in dementia and Parkinson's disease mouse models. Collectively, our findings provide an attractive future direction for neurodegenerative disease therapy by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation by targeting USP7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Wen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Na Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Chen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing-Kang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi-Zhen Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Ming Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhuo Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Heng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Mi-Mi Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Hang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Meng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Proteomics Laboratory, Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author. (P.-F.T.); (K.-W.Z.)
| | - Ke-Wu Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Corresponding author. (P.-F.T.); (K.-W.Z.)
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87
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Shalaby HN, Zaki HF, Ain-Shoka AAA, Mohammed RA. Adenosine A 2A Receptor Blockade Ameliorates Mania Like Symptoms in Rats: Signaling to PKC-α and Akt/GSK-3β/β-Catenin. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6397-6410. [PMID: 35943710 PMCID: PMC9463338 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02977-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Adenosinergic system dysfunction is implicated in the pathophysiology of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders including mania and bipolar diseases. The established synergistic interaction between A2A and D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex could highlight the idea of A2A receptor antagonism as a possible anti-manic strategy. Hence, the present study was performed to examine the effect of a selective adenosine A2A receptor blocker (SCH58261) on methylphenidate-induced mania-like behavior while investigating the underlying mechanisms. Rats were injected with methylphenidate (5 mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 3 weeks with or without administration of either SCH58261 (0.01 mg/kg/day, i.p.) or lithium (150 mg/kg/day, i.p.) starting from day 9. In the diseased rats, adenosine A2AR antagonism reduced locomotor hyperactivity and risk-taking behavior along with decreased dopamine and glutamate levels. Meanwhile, SCH58261 restored NMDA receptor function, suppressed PKC-α expression, down-regulated β-Arrestin-2, up-regulated pS473-Akt and pS9-GSK-3β. Further, SCH58261 promoted synaptic plasticity markers through increasing BDNF levels along with down-regulating GAP-43 and SNAP-25. The A2A antagonist also reduced NF-κBp65 and TNF-α together with elevating IL-27 level giving an anti-inflammatory effect. In conclusion, suppression of PKC-α and modulation of Akt/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis through A2AR inhibition, could introduce adenosine A2AR as a possible therapeutic target for treatment of mania-like behavior. This notion is supported by the ability of the A2AR antagonist (SCH58261) to produce comparable results to those observed with the standard anti-manic drug (Lithium).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba Nasr Shalaby
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hala Fahmy Zaki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Reham Atef Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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88
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Su PYP, Zhang L, He L, Zhao N, Guan Z. The Role of Neuro-Immune Interactions in Chronic Pain: Implications for Clinical Practice. J Pain Res 2022; 15:2223-2248. [PMID: 35957964 PMCID: PMC9359791 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s246883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain remains a public health problem and contributes to the ongoing opioid epidemic. Current pain management therapies still leave many patients with poorly controlled pain, thus new or improved treatments are desperately needed. One major challenge in pain research is the translation of preclinical findings into effective clinical practice. The local neuroimmune interface plays an important role in the initiation and maintenance of chronic pain and is therefore a promising target for novel therapeutic development. Neurons interface with immune and immunocompetent cells in many distinct microenvironments along the nociceptive circuitry. The local neuroimmune interface can modulate the activity and property of the neurons to affect peripheral and central sensitization. In this review, we highlight a specific subset of many neuroimmune interfaces. In the central nervous system, we examine the interface between neurons and microglia, astrocytes, and T lymphocytes. In the periphery, we profile the interface between neurons in the dorsal root ganglion with T lymphocytes, satellite glial cells, and macrophages. To bridge the gap between preclinical research and clinical practice, we review the preclinical studies of each neuroimmune interface, discuss current clinical treatments in pain medicine that may exert its action at the neuroimmune interface, and highlight opportunities for future clinical research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yi Paul Su
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lingyi Zhang
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangliang He
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Pain Management, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Na Zhao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zhonghui Guan
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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89
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Lim KY, Kim SI, Kim H, Kang J, Park JW, Won JK, Shin DY, Park SH. Toxic leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids caused by chemotherapeutic drugs other than methotrexate. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:288. [PMID: 35922754 PMCID: PMC9347126 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this report is to share the clinicopathological features of chemotherapy-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy, which is a rare and under-recognized disease, clinically characterized by rapidly progressive cognitive loss that often leads to sudden death. CASE PRESENTATION A 64-year-old woman and a 63-year-old man, who had both suffered from a rapid deterioration of consciousness, were autopsied under the clinical impressions of either the central nervous system graft versus host disease (CNS-GVHD), infectious encephalitis, or autoimmune encephalitis. Both patients had been treated with multiple chemotherapy regimens, including adriamycin, cytarabine arabinoside, daunorubicin, fludarabine, azacitidine, and allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation to treat hematological malignancies (acute myelogenous leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome). Neuropathological findings at autopsy revealed rarefaction and vacuolar changes of the white matter with axonal spheroids, reactive gliosis, and foamy macrophage infiltration, predominantly in the visual pathways of the occipital and temporal lobes. Damaged axons exhibited immunoreactivity to beta-amyloid, consistent with axonopathy. However, there was no lymphocyte infiltration that suggested CNS-GVHD or any type of encephalitis. CONCLUSION The neuropathology found in the presented cases had the characteristic features of toxic leukoencephalopathy (chemobrain). Our cases showed that toxic leukoencephalopathy can also be caused by chemotherapy drugs other than methotrexate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Young Lim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ik Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhee Kim
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongwan Kang
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Kyung Won
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Yeop Shin
- Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hye Park
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Institute of Neuroscience, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
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90
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Castillo-Ruiz A, Cisternas CD, Sturgeon H, Forger NG. Birth triggers an inflammatory response in the neonatal periphery and brain. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:122-136. [PMID: 35661680 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Birth is preceded by inflammation at the fetal/maternal interface. Additionally, the newborn experiences stimuli that under any other circumstance could elicit an immune response. It is unknown, however, whether birth elicits an inflammatory response in the newborn that extends to the brain. Moreover, it is unknown whether birth mode may alter such a response. To study these questions, we first measured corticosterone and pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines in plasma of mouse offspring at several timepoints spaced closely before and after a vaginal or Cesarean birth. We found highest levels of IL-6 one day before birth and surges in corticosterone and IL-10 just after birth, regardless of birth mode. We next examined the neuroimmune response by measuring cytokine mRNA expression and microglial number and morphology in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and hippocampus around the time of birth. We found a marked increase in TNF-α expression in both brain regions a day after birth, and rapid increases in microglial cell number in the first three days postnatal, with subtle differences by birth mode. To test whether the association between birth and cytokine production or expansion of microglia is causal, we manipulated birth timing. Remarkably, advancing birth by a day advanced the increases in all of the markers tested. Thus, birth triggers an immune response in the body and brain of offspring. Our results may provide a mechanism for effects of birth (e.g., acute changes in cell death and neural activation) previously reported in the newborn brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla D Cisternas
- Instituto de Investigación Médica Mercedes y Martín Ferreyra INIMEC-CONICET-UNC, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Hannah Sturgeon
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
| | - Nancy G Forger
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302, USA
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91
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Della Vecchia A, Marazziti D. Back to the Future: The Role of Infections in Psychopathology. Focus on OCD. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2022; 19:248-263. [PMID: 36101642 PMCID: PMC9442856 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20220407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, there has been a resurgence of interest in the relationship between infections and psychopathology, given the increasing data on the neurotropism and neurological/psychiatric morbidity of the SARS-COV2 virus, responsible for the current worldwide pandemic. Although the majority of observations were those obtained in mood and schizophrenic disorders, a few data are also available on the presence of bacterial or viral infections in patients suffering from obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Therefore, given the limited information, the present paper aimed at reviewing the most updated evidence of infections in neuropsychiatric disorders and their possible mechanisms of actions, with a narrow focus on microbes in OCD. METHOD This paper is a narrative review. The databases of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, PsycINFO and Google Scholar were accessed to research and collect English language papers published between 1 January 1980 and 31 December 2021. The data on PANDAS/PANS and those observed during severe brain infections were excluded. RESULTS Several pathogens have been associated with an increased risk to develop a broad spectrum of neuropsychiatric conditions, such as schizophrenia, mood disorders, autism, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anorexia nervosa, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Some evidence supported a possible role of infections also in the pathophysiology of OCD. Infections from Herpes simplex virus 1, Borna disease virus, Group A-Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus, Borrelia spp., and Toxoplasma gondii were actually found in patients with OCD. Although different mechanisms have been hypothesized, all would converge to trigger functional/structural alterations of specific circuits or immune processes, with cascade dysfunctions of several other systems. CONCLUSIONS Based on the current evidence, a possible contribution of different types of microbes has been proposed for different neuropsychiatric disorders including OCD. However, the currently available literature is meager and heterogeneous in terms of sample characteristics and methods used. Therefore, further studies are needed to better understand the impact of infectious agents in neuropsychiatric disorders. Our opinion is that deeper insights in this field might contribute to a better definition of biological underpinnings of specific clinical pictures, as well as to promote psychiatric precision medicine, with treatments based on altered pathological pathways of single patients. This might be particularly relevant in OCD, a disorder with a high proportion of patients who are resistant or do not respond to conventional therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Della Vecchia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, and
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, and, Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences – UniCamillus, Rome, Italy
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Zhou J, Teng Y, Zhang F, Ru X, Li P, Wang J, Yan S, Zhu P, Tao F, Huang K. Sex-specific association between placental inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and preschoolers' behavioral development: The Ma'anshan birth cohort study. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 104:110-121. [PMID: 35661681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental inflammation may contribute to brain abnormalities and childhood neuropsychiatric disorders, but limited knowledge is available on the association of placental inflammatory cytokine levels and offspring's behavioral development. This study aimed to examine the sex-specific association between placental inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression and preschoolers' behavioral development. METHODS 3474 pregnant women were recruited as the initial study population in the Ma'anshan birth cohort (MABC) study. Placentas (n = 2519) were collected during childbirth, and the mRNA expression of IL-8, IL-1β, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-4 was assessed. The Child Behavior Checklist 1.5-5 (CBCL 1.5-5) was used to assess children's behavioral development at 4 years old. A T-score ≥ 60 on summary scales or a score ≥ 65 on syndrome scales was regarded as the borderline clinical range. Multiple linear regression models and binary logistic regression models were applied to explore the sex-specific associations between placental inflammatory cytokines mRNA transcript levels and preschoolers' behavioral development. RESULTS Sex-specific associations between placental inflammatory cytokines mRNA expression and preschoolers' behavioral development were observed. There was a positive association between IL-8 and CBCL scores for boys on anxious/depressed problems, aggressive behaviors, externalizing problems and total problems. Logistic regression models showed that high levels of IL-8 were associated with a higher risk of girls' emotionally reactive problems and sleep problems compared to low/medium levels. High TNF-α was correlated with increased sleep problem scores in boys, and medium TNF-α (vs. low levels) was associated with an increased risk of girls' externalizing problems. Medium levels of CRP, IL-1β, and IL-6 were found to be associated with a decreased risk of girls' behavioral problems compared to low/high levels. For anti-inflammatory cytokines, medium IL-10 and IL-4 (vs. low levels) were observed to be associated with a lower risk of internalizing problems in boys and externalizing problems in girls, respectively. High IL-10 was correlated with decreased attention problem scores in boys. CONCLUSION This study indicates that placental inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression of IL-8, CRP, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-4 and IL-10 may be associated with preschoolers' behavioral development in a sex-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jixing Zhou
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yuzhu Teng
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fu Zhang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Xue Ru
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Peixuan Li
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianqing Wang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University
| | - Shuangqin Yan
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Maternal and Child Health Care Center of Ma'anshan, No 24 Jiashan Road, Ma'anshan 243011, Anhui, China
| | - Peng Zhu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Fangbiao Tao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University; Key Laboratory of Population Health Across Life Cycle (AHMU), MOE, Hefei 230032, China; NHC Key Laboratory of Study on Abnormal Gametes and Reproductive Tract, Hefei 230032, China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health and Aristogenics, Hefei 230032, China; Scientific Research Center in Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Anhui Province, China.
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93
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Yan X, Yang K, Xiao Q, Hou R, Pan X, Zhu X. Central role of microglia in sepsis-associated encephalopathy: From mechanism to therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:929316. [PMID: 35958583 PMCID: PMC9361477 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.929316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is a cognitive impairment associated with sepsis that occurs in the absence of direct infection in the central nervous system or structural brain damage. Microglia are thought to be macrophages of the central nervous system, devouring bits of neuronal cells and dead cells in the brain. They are activated in various ways, and microglia-mediated neuroinflammation is characteristic of central nervous system diseases, including SAE. Here, we systematically described the pathogenesis of SAE and demonstrated that microglia are closely related to the occurrence and development of SAE. Furthermore, we comprehensively discussed the function and phenotype of microglia and summarized their activation mechanism and role in SAE pathogenesis. Finally, this review summarizes recent studies on treating cognitive impairment in SAE by blocking microglial activation and toxic factors produced after activation. We suggest that targeting microglial activation may be a putative treatment for SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Yan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaiying Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rongyao Hou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hiser Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
| | - Xudong Pan
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- *Correspondence: Rongyao Hou, ; Xudong Pan, ; Xiaoyan Zhu,
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94
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Abstract
Mounting evidence indicates that microglia, which are the resident immune cells of the brain, play critical roles in a diverse array of neurodevelopmental processes required for proper brain maturation and function. This evidence has ultimately led to growing speculation that microglial dysfunction may play a role in neurodevelopmental disorder (NDD) pathoetiology. In this review, we first provide an overview of how microglia mechanistically contribute to the sculpting of the developing brain and neuronal circuits. To provide an example of how disruption of microglial biology impacts NDD development, we also highlight emerging evidence that has linked microglial dysregulation to autism spectrum disorder pathogenesis. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in how the gut microbiome shapes microglial biology. In the last section of this review, we put a spotlight on this burgeoning area of microglial research and discuss how microbiota-dependent modulation of microglial biology is currently thought to influence NDD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Lukens
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA;
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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95
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Ferrara NC, Trask S, Yan L, Padival M, Helmstetter FJ, Rosenkranz JA. Isolation driven changes in Iba1-positive microglial morphology are associated with social recognition memory in adults and adolescents. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2022; 192:107626. [PMID: 35545212 PMCID: PMC9669926 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2022.107626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are critical for regulation of neuronal circuits that mature from adolescence to adulthood. The morphological complexity and process length of microglia can indicate different activation states. These states are sensitive to a variety of environmental and stress conditions. Microglia are sensitive to many factors that also regulate social behavior, and in turn, microglial manipulations can impact social function. Brief social isolation is one factor that can lead to robust social changes. Here, we explored the role of microglia in the effects of brief social isolation on social recognition memory. Using morphological measures of Iba1 to index microglial intensity, complexity, and process length, we identified different effects of brief isolation on microglial complexity in the basal region of the amygdala between adults and adolescents alongside overall increases in intensity of Iba1 in several cortical brain regions. Short-term social recognition memory is sensitive to the amount of social engagement, and provides an opportunity to test if social engagement produced by brief isolation enhances social learning in a manner that relies on microglia. We found that brief isolation facilitated social interaction across ages but had opposing effects on short-term social recognition. Isolation increased novel partner investigation in adolescents, which is consistent with better social recognition, but increased familiar partner investigation in adults. Depletion of microglia with PLX3397 prevented these effects of brief isolation in adolescents, and reduced them in adults. These results suggest that distinct changes in microglial function driven by the social environment may differentially contribute to subsequent social recognition memory during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Ferrara
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Sydney Trask
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Lily Yan
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mallika Padival
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fred J Helmstetter
- Department of Department of Psychology, The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - J Amiel Rosenkranz
- Department of Foundational Sciences and Humanities, Discipline of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA; Center for Neurobiology of Stress Resilience and Psychiatric Disorders, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, IL, USA
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96
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Nazarinia D, Behzadifard M, Gholampour J, Karimi R, Gholampour M. Eotaxin-1 (CCL11) in neuroinflammatory disorders and possible role in COVID-19 neurologic complications. Acta Neurol Belg 2022; 122:865-869. [PMID: 35690992 PMCID: PMC9188656 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-022-01984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The related neurologic complications of SARS-CoV-2 infection in COVID-19 patients and survivors comprise symptoms including depression, anxiety, muscle pain, dizziness, headaches, fatigue, and anosmia/hyposmia that may continue for months. Recent studies have been demonstrated that chemokines have brain-specific attraction and effects such as chemotaxis, cell adhesion, modulation of neuroendocrine functions, and neuroinflammation. CCL11 is a member of the eotaxin family that is chemotactic agents for eosinophils and participate in innate immunity. Eotaxins may exert physiological and pathological functions in the central nerve system, and CCL11 may induce neuronal cytotoxicity effects by inducing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in microglia cells. Plasma levels of CCL11 elevated in neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative disorders. COVID-19 patients display elevations in CCL11 levels. As CCL11 plays roles in physiosomatic and neuroinflammation, analyzing the level of this chemokine in COVID-19 patients during hospitalization and to predicting post-COVID-19-related neurologic complications may be worthwhile. Moreover, using chemokine modulators may be helpful in lessening the neurologic complications in such patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donya Nazarinia
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
| | - Mahin Behzadifard
- Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran.
| | - Javad Gholampour
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Mashhad Branch of Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Roqaye Karimi
- Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Gholampour
- Department of Medicine, Lung Biology Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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97
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Kim TA, Syty MD, Wu K, Ge S. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and its impairment in Alzheimer's disease. Zool Res 2022; 43:481-496. [PMID: 35503338 PMCID: PMC9113964 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2021.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis is the creation of new neurons which integrate into the existing neural circuit of the adult brain. Recent evidence suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis (AHN) persists throughout life in mammals, including humans. These newborn neurons have been implicated to have a crucial role in brain functions such as learning and memory. Importantly, studies have also found that hippocampal neurogenesis is impaired in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common forms of dementia affecting millions of people. Cognitive dysfunction is a common symptom of AD patients and progressive memory loss has been attributed to the degeneration of the hippocampus. Therefore, there has been growing interest in identifying how hippocampal neurogenesis is affected in AD. However, the link between cognitive decline and changes in hippocampal neurogenesis in AD is poorly understood. In this review, we summarized the recent literature on AHN and its impairments in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Kim
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Renaissance School of Medicine at SUNY, Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Michelle D Syty
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Wu
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, SUNY at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA. E-mail:
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98
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Energy restriction induced SIRT6 inhibits microglia activation and promotes angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia via transcriptional inhibition of TXNIP. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:449. [PMID: 35562171 PMCID: PMC9095711 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-04866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Energy restriction (ER) protects against cerebral ischemic injury, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unclear. Here, rats were fed ad libitum (AL) or on an alternate-day food deprivation intermittent fasting (IF) diet for 3 months, followed by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) surgery. The body weight, infarct volume, and neurological deficit score were accessed at the designated time points. ELISA, qRT-PCR, and Western blotting were used to determine cytokine secretion and the expression of SIRT6, TXNIP, and signaling molecules, respectively. Immunofluorescence evaluated microglial activation and angiogenesis in vivo. For in vitro study, oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-treated cell model was generated. MTT and tube formation assays were employed to determine cell viability and tube formation capability. ChIP assay detected chromatin occupancy of SIRT6 and SIRT6-mediated H3 deacetylation. We found that IF or ER mimetics ameliorated cerebral ischemic brain damage and microglial activation, and potentiated angiogenesis in vivo. ER mimetics or SIRT6 overexpression alleviated cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R)-induced injury in vitro. SIRT6 suppressed TXNIP via deacetylation of H3K9ac and H3K56ac in HAPI cells and BMVECs. Downregulation of SIRT6 reversed ER mimetics-mediated protection during cerebral I/R in vitro. Our study demonstrated that ER-mediated upregulation of SIRT6 inhibited microglia activation and potentiated angiogenesis in cerebral ischemia via suppressing TXNIP.
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99
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Central Neuropathic Pain Syndromes: Current and Emerging Pharmacological Strategies. CNS Drugs 2022; 36:483-516. [PMID: 35513603 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00914-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Central neuropathic pain is caused by a disease or lesion of the brain or spinal cord. It is difficult to predict which patients will develop central pain syndromes after a central nervous system injury, but depending on the etiology, lifetime prevalence may be greater than 50%. The resulting pain is often highly distressing and difficult to treat, with no specific treatment guidelines currently available. This narrative review discusses mechanisms contributing to central neuropathic pain, and focuses on pharmacological approaches for managing common central neuropathic pain conditions such as central post-stroke pain, spinal cord injury-related pain, and multiple sclerosis-related neuropathic pain. Tricyclic antidepressants, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, and gabapentinoids have some evidence for efficacy in central neuropathic pain. Medications from other pharmacologic classes may also provide pain relief, but current evidence is limited. Certain non-pharmacologic approaches, neuromodulation in particular, may be helpful in refractory cases. Emerging data suggest that modulating the primary afferent input may open new horizons for the treatment of central neuropathic pain. For most patients, effective treatment will likely require a multimodal therapy approach.
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100
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Molecular Signature of Neuroinflammation Induced in Cytokine-Stimulated Human Cortical Spheroids. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051025. [PMID: 35625761 PMCID: PMC9138619 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Crucial in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases is the process of neuroinflammation that is often linked to the pro-inflammatory cytokines Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and Interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). Human cortical spheroids (hCSs) constitute a valuable tool to study the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological diseases in a complex three-dimensional context. We recently designed a protocol to generate hCSs comprising all major brain cell types. Here we stimulate these hCSs for three time periods with TNFα and with IL-1β. Transcriptomic analysis reveals that the main process induced in the TNFα- as well as in the IL-1β-stimulated hCSs is neuroinflammation. Central in the neuroinflammatory response are endothelial cells, microglia and astrocytes, and dysregulated genes encoding cytokines, chemokines and their receptors, and downstream NFκB- and STAT-pathway components. Furthermore, we observe sets of neuroinflammation-related genes that are specifically modulated in the TNFα-stimulated and in the IL-1β-stimulated hCSs. Together, our results help to molecularly understand human neuroinflammation and thus a key mechanism of neurodegeneration.
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