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Yön B, Belviranlı M, Okudan N. The effect of silymarin supplementation on cognitive impairment induced by diabetes in rats. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 30:jbcpp-2018-0109. [PMID: 31017870 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2018-0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background The objective of this investigation was to examine the impact of silymarin supplementation on locomotion, anxiety-related behavior, learning, and memory via several behavioral tests, such as open field, elevated plus maze, and Morris water maze tests in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods The rats were divided into the control, diabetes, silymarin, and diabetes plus silymarin groups. On the 30th-35th days of the study, several behavioral tests were performed and blood and brain tissue samples were taken and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) levels were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in locomotor activity between the groups (p = 0.534). Spatial memory was lower (p = 0.000) but anxiety scores were higher (p = 0.005) in the diabetes group than in the control, silymarin, and diabetes plus silymarin groups. Plasma (p = 0.000) and brain tissue (p = 0.007) BDNF levels were lower in the diabetes group than in the control, silymarin, and diabetes plus silymarin groups; however, plasma (p = 0.432) and brain tissue (p = 0.321) HDAC3 levels did not significantly differ between the groups. Conclusions The findings obtained from this study suggest that silymarin supplementation could improve anxiety-related behavior, and learning and memory in diabetic rats by increasing the BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Yön
- Vocational School of Health Services, Düzce University, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Muaz Belviranlı
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
- Medical Faculty of Selçuk University, Department of Physiology, 42030, Konya, Turkey, Phone: +90-332-224-47-31, Fax: +90-332-224-48-08
| | - Nilsel Okudan
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Flores-Gómez AA, de Jesús Gomez-Villalobos M, Flores G. Consequences of diabetes mellitus on neuronal connectivity in limbic regions. Synapse 2018; 73:e22082. [PMID: 30457679 DOI: 10.1002/syn.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by high levels of blood glucose. In recent years, its prevalence has increased, which was 422 million in the world in 2014. In elderly patients, DM is associated with deficits in memory and learning processes. The cognitive deficits lead to dementia. With the development of animal models in DM, it has been possible to better understand quantitative morphological changes in numerous neuronal structures belonging to the limbic system, such as the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus and basolateral amygdala (BLA). These structures are in close relationship with processes of memory and learning. Several reports have demonstrated that chronic hyperglycemia reduces spinogenesis and dendritic arborization in the aforementioned regions along with a decline in memory and learning processes, especially in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. In the present review, we discuss animal models, the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on dendritic morphology of limbic regions and memory and learning processes, the effect on neural transmission in these regions, the pathologic mechanisms involved, and the relevance of dendritic morphology in diabetes. All of this information can help us to have a better understanding of dementia in diabetes mellitus and propose strategies for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gonzalo Flores
- Instituto de Fisiología, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
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53
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Ward R, Abdul Y, Ergul A. Endothelin-1 inhibition improves the mBDNF/proBDNF ratio in endothelial cells and HT22 neurons under high glucose/palmitate growth conditions. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S237-S246. [PMID: 29947543 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes increases the risk and worsens the progression of cognitive impairment. The hippocampus is an important domain for learning and memory. We previously showed that endothelin-1 (ET-1) reduced diabetes-induced inflammation in hippocampal neurons, suggesting a neuroprotective effect. Given that neurons and endothelial cells within the neurovascular unit depend on each other for proper function, we investigated the effect of ET-1 on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) synthesis, a key neurotrophin and prosurvival factor, in neuronal (HT22 hippocampal neurons) and brain microvascular endothelial (BMEC-5i) cells under normal and diabetes-mimicking (high glucose plus palmitate) conditions. Cells were treated with exogenous ET-1 or ET receptor antagonists including ET(B) receptor selective antagonist BQ788 (1 microM) or dual-receptor antagonist bosentan (10 microM). Mature (m)BDNF, proBDNF and caspase-3 levels were measured by Western blotting. Diabetic conditions reduced the prosurvival mBDNF/proBDNF ratio in both HT22 and BMEC-5i cells. Addition of exogenous ET-1 had no effect on the BDNF system in HT22 cells in diabetic conditions. Both HT22 and BMEC-5i cells had an increase in the mBDNF/proBDNF ratio when grown in diabetes-simulating conditions in the presence of endothelin receptor inhibition. These data suggest that blockade of ET-1 may provide neuroprotection to hippocampal cells through the modulation of the BDNF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ward
- Department of Neuroscience and Regenerative Medicine and Department of Physiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA.
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54
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Sun Q, Tang DD, Yin EG, Wei LL, Chen P, Deng SP, Tu LL. Diagnostic Significance of Serum Levels of Nerve Growth Factor and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:5943-5950. [PMID: 30145601 PMCID: PMC6122271 DOI: 10.12659/msm.909449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our study aimed to explore the levels of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in healthy participants, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) patients in order to find their effects on DPN. Material/Methods The clinical data of 110 healthy participants (age: 57.3±8.2 year, height: 165.4±5.5 cm, weight: 64.1±7.5 kg), 83 T2DM patients (age: 56.5±7.9 year, height: 164.8±6.2 cm, and weight: 63.6±6.6 kg), and 65 DPN patients (age: 58.2±7.3 year, height: 166.7±6.7 cm, weight: 63.1±5.8 kg) were observed. ELISA was applied to detect serum NGF and BDNF levels. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to evaluate diagnostic value of serum NGF and BDNF levels in DPN. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze risk factors for DPN. Results Serum NGF and BDNF levels decreased most in DPN patients. Subsequently, we determined that serum NGF and BDNF levels were correlated with: the course of disease for patients, fasting C-peptide (FCP), 2-hour postprandial C-peptide level (2-h PCP), glycosylated hemoglobin level (HbAlc), and 24-hour urinary microalbumin excretion (24-h UME). ROC curve analysis identified high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of NGF and BDNF levels on DPN. Serum levels of NGF and BDNF, course of disease, 2-h PCP level, and postprandial blood glucose level were determined to be risk factors for DPN. Conclusions Our study highlights that serum levels of NGF and BDNF might be associated with the occurrence and development of DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Sun
- Center of Diabetes Mellitus, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Da-Dong Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Barkam, Qiang, China (mainland)
| | - E-Gao Yin
- Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture, Barkam, Qiang, China (mainland)
| | - Ling-Ling Wei
- Center of Diabetes Mellitus, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Elderly Endocrinology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Shao-Ping Deng
- Center of Diabetes Mellitus, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
| | - Li-Li Tu
- Department of Elderly Endocrinology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, Sichuan, China (mainland)
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55
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Guzzardi MA, Sanguinetti E, Bartoli A, Kemeny A, Panetta D, Salvadori PA, Burchielli S, Iozzo P. Elevated glycemia and brain glucose utilization predict BDNF lowering since early life. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:447-455. [PMID: 28281382 PMCID: PMC5851134 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17697338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes associate with neurodegeneration. Brain glucose and BDNF are fundamental in perinatal development. BDNF is related to brain health, food intake and glucose metabolism. We characterized the relationship between glycemia and/or brain glucose utilization (by 18FDG-PET during fasting and glucose loading), obesity and BDNF in 4-weeks old (pre-obese) and 12-weeks old (obese) Zucker fa/fa rats, and their age-matched fa/+ controls. In 75 human infants, we assessed cord blood BDNF and glucose levels, appetite regulating hormones, body weight and maternal factors. Young and adult fa/fa rats showed glucose intolerance and brain hyper-utilization compared to controls. Glycemia and age were positively related to brain glucose utilization, and were negative predictors of BDNF levels. In humans, fetal glycemia was dependent on maternal glycemia at term, and negatively predicted BDNF levels. Leptin levels were associated with higher body weight and lower BDNF levels. Glucose intolerance and elevated brain glucose utilization already occur in young, pre-obese rats, suggesting that they precede obesity onset in Zucker fatty rats. Glycemic elevation and brain glucose overexposure predict circulating BDNF deficiency since perinatal and early life. Future studies should evaluate whether the control of maternal and fetal glycemia during late intrauterine development can prevent these unfavorable interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Sanguinetti
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
- Scuola Superiore di Studi Universitari Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonietta Bartoli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Kemeny
- Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department, Azienda USL Toscana Nord Ovest, Massa e Carrara, Italy
| | - Daniele Panetta
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Piero A Salvadori
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
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56
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Manchishi SM, Cui RJ, Zou XH, Cheng ZQ, Li BJ. Effect of caloric restriction on depression. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:2528-2535. [PMID: 29465826 PMCID: PMC5908110 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, most of evidence shows that caloric restriction could induce antidepressant‐like effects in animal model of depression. Based on studies of the brain–gut axis, some signal pathways were common between the control of caloric restriction and depression. However, the specific mechanism of the antidepressant‐like effects induced by caloric restriction remains unclear. Therefore, in this article, we summarized clinical and experimental studies of caloric restriction on depression. This review may provide a new therapeutic strategy for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Malunga Manchishi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Physiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ran Ji Cui
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao Han Zou
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zi Qian Cheng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bing Jin Li
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory on Molecular and Chemical Genetics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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57
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Fang H, Xu XY, Xu RZ, Zhen YF, Xu G, Li YK. Decreased serum undercarboxylated osteocalcin is associated with cognitive impairment in male patients with type 2 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2018; 32:56-60. [PMID: 29126874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basic and clinical researches have suggested that type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with cognitive impairment, and diabetes mellitus increases the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Recently, some reports found that undercarboxylated osteocalcin (ucOC) could affect brain functions, and decreased in patients with T2DM. We aimed to investigate the association of serum ucOC with cognitive impairment in T2DM patients. METHODS A total of 196 male T2DM patients without medications known to affect bone metabolism or history of bone fracture, aged ≥18years were recruited and divided into impaired cognition group and normal cognition group. We use the scores of Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) to evaluate the subjects' cognitive function. Detailed cognitive performance was also evaluated by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS). Serum ucOC was measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. RESULTS Compared to male T2DM patients with normal cognition, the mean osteocalcin concentrations were significantly lower in male T2DM patients with impaired cognition (P<0.05). RBANS total and all indexes scores were also lower in patients with impaired cognition (all P<0.05). After adjusted effects of confounding factors, serum ucOC was positively correlated with a variety indexes of RBANS except visuospatial/constructional. CONCLUSIONS The serum ucOC is positively correlated with RBANS scores in male T2DM patients. It suggests that serum ucOC may be involved in the development and progression of cognitive dysfunction in T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Fang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Rui-Zhe Xu
- Department of Finance and Economy, Tangshan Vocational and Technical College, Tangshan, China
| | - Yan-Feng Zhen
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Surgery, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China.
| | - Yu-Kai Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, China
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58
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Cognition, serum BDNF levels, and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in type 2 diabetes patients and healthy controls. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3653-3662. [PMID: 29423073 PMCID: PMC5790490 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 11/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aims Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with cognitive deficits. However, their pathophysiological mechanisms are still unknown. Recent study suggests that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is correlated with cognitive deficits in T2DM patients. This study was to determine whether altered serum BDNF levels and cognitive deficits depended on the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism in T2DM. Results The BDNF Val66Met polymorphism may not contribute directly to the susceptibility to T2DM. The total and nearly all index scores (all p < 0.01) except for the attention and visuospatial/constructional indexes (both p > 0.05) of RBANS were markedly decreased in T2DM compared with healthy controls. Serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients than that in controls (p < 0.001), and BDNF was positively associated with delayed memory in patients (p < 0.05). The Met variant was associated with worse delayed memory performance among T2DM patients but not among normal controls. Moreover, serum BDNF was positively associated with delayed memory among Met homozygote patients (β = 0.29, t = 2.21, p = 0.033), while serum BDNF was negatively associated the RBANS total score (β = –0.92, t = –3.40, p = 0.002) and language index (β = −1.17, t = –3.54, p = 0.001) among Val homozygote T2DM patients. Conclusions BDNF gene Val66Met variation may be associated with cognitive deficits in T2DM, especially with delayed memory. The association between lower BDNF serum levels and cognitive impairment in T2DM is dependent on the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism. Methods We recruited 311 T2DM patients and 346 healthy controls and compared them on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS), serum BDNF levels, and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism.
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59
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Zhao X, Han Q, Lv Y, Sun L, Gang X, Wang G. Biomarkers for cognitive decline in patients with diabetes mellitus: evidence from clinical studies. Oncotarget 2017; 9:7710-7726. [PMID: 29484146 PMCID: PMC5800938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is considered as an important factor for cognitive decline and dementia in recent years. However, cognitive impairment in diabetic patients is often underestimated and kept undiagnosed, leading to thousands of diabetic patients suffering from worsening memory. Available reviews in this field were limited and not comprehensive enough. Thus, the present review aimed to summarize all available clinical studies on diabetic patients with cognitive decline, and to find valuable biomarkers that might be applied as diagnostic and therapeutic targets of cognitive impairment in diabetes. The biomarkers or risk factors of cognitive decline in diabetic patients could be classified into the following three aspects: serum molecules or relevant complications, functional or metabolic changes by neuroimaging tools, and genetic variants. Specifically, factors related to poor glucose metabolism, insulin resistance, inflammation, comorbid depression, micro-/macrovascular complications, adipokines, neurotrophic molecules and Tau protein presented significant changes in diabetic patients with cognitive decline. Besides, neuroimaging platform could provide more clues on the structural, functional and metabolic changes during the cognitive decline progression of diabetic patients. Genetic factors related to cognitive decline showed inconsistency based on the limited studies. Future studies might apply above biomarkers as diagnostic and treatment targets in a large population, and regulation of these parameters might shed light on a more valuable, sensitive and specific strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of cognitive decline in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Qing Han
- Hospital of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - You Lv
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaokun Gang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
| | - Guixia Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, Jilin Province, China
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60
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Passaro A, Soavi C, Marusic U, Rejc E, Sanz JM, Morieri ML, Nora ED, Kavcic V, Narici MV, Reggiani C, Biolo G, Zuliani G, Lazzer S, Pišot R. Computerized cognitive training and brain derived neurotrophic factor during bed rest: mechanisms to protect individual during acute stress. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:393-407. [PMID: 28161695 PMCID: PMC5361671 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute stress, as bed rest, was shown to increase plasma level of the neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in older, but not in young adults. This increase might represent a protective mechanism towards acute insults in aging subjects. Since computerized cognitive training (CCT) is known to protect brain, herein we evaluated the effect of CCT during bed rest on BDNF, muscle mass, neuromuscular function and metabolic parameters. The subjects that underwent CCT did not show an increase of BDNF after bed rest, and showed an anti-insular modification pattern in metabolism. Neuromuscular function parameters, already shown to beneficiate from CCT, negatively correlated with BDNF in research participants undergoing CCT, while positively correlated in the control group. In conclusion, BDNF increase can be interpreted as a standardized protective mechanism taking place whenever an insult occurs; it gives low, but consistent preservation of neuromuscular function. CCT, acting as an external protective mechanism, seems to modify this standardized response, avoiding BDNF increase or possibly modifying its time course. Our results suggest the possibility of differential neuroprotective mechanisms among ill and healthy individuals, and the importance of timing in determining the effects of protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina Passaro
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.,Co-first authors
| | - Cecilia Soavi
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy.,Co-first authors
| | - Uros Marusic
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia
| | - Enrico Rejc
- Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Juana M Sanz
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Mario L Morieri
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | | | - Voyko Kavcic
- Institute of Gerontology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.,Biomedical Research and Innovative Society, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Marco V Narici
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health, University of Nottingham, Derby DE22 3NE, UK
| | - Carlo Reggiani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Padua 35131 Italy
| | - Gianni Biolo
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, University of Trieste, Trieste 34149, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara 44121, Italy
| | - Stefano Lazzer
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.,School of Sport Sciences, University of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Koper 6000, Slovenia
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61
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Zarrinkalam E, Ranjbar K, Salehi I, Kheiripour N, Komaki A. Resistance training and hawthorn extract ameliorate cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 97:503-510. [PMID: 29091901 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.10.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that diabetic rats display cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of resistance training and natural antioxidants on learning and memory in type 1 diabetic rats. For this purpose, fifty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: (i) Control (Con, n=10), (ii) Diabetic (D, n=10), (iii) Diabetic+Resistance training (DRT, n=10), (iv) Diabetic+natural antioxidants (DHE, n=10), and (v) Diabetic+Resistance training+ natural antioxidants (DRH, n=10). Climbing the ladder for a period of 5days/week for 10 consecutive weeks was considered as the resistance training model in our study. Natural antioxidants (100mg/kg per day) were administered to natural antioxidant groups for a period of 10 weeks. Moreover, spatial and passive avoidance learning and memory function were evaluated by Morris Water Maze (MWM) and shuttle box tests. The results showed that, mean of total escape latency decreased 25% (P<0.0001) in the DRH group compared with the D group in MWM. The percentage of time spent in the target quadrant identically decreased (34%) in the D and DHE groups compared with the Con group (p=0.001). In this regard, time spent in the dark Compartment (TDC) respectively rose 86% and 95% in the D and DHE groups compared with the Con group (p<0.05), and decreased 88% in the DRT and DRH groups compared with the D group in the shuttle box test (p<0.05). Furthermore, we noticed that total antioxidant capacity increase and lipid peroxidation decrease in response to the treatments in the diabetic rats as well. Therefore, the current study indicated that exercise training and natural antioxidants synergistically ameliorated learning and memory deficits in type 1 diabetic rats via reducing oxidative stress. Hence, it may propose a potential role of resistance training and natural antioxidants as an adjuvant therapy for the prevention and treatment of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Zarrinkalam
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan Branch, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Kamal Ranjbar
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Science, Bandar Abbas Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Iraj Salehi
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Nejat Kheiripour
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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62
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Jiang X, Zhao X, Chen R, Jiang Q, Zhou B. Plasma soluble CD36, carotid intima-media thickness and cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes. Arch Med Sci 2017; 13:1031-1039. [PMID: 28883843 PMCID: PMC5575210 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2016.60821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes and atherosclerosis are both risk factors of cognitive deficits. Scavenger receptor CD36 is associated with increasing risk of diabetes and atherosclerosis, and may play a role in cognitive deficits. The aim of this study is to determine the correlations of plasma soluble CD36 concentrations with carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and cognitive function in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIAL AND METHODS We determined the levels of soluble CD36 (sCD36), blood lipids, fasting blood glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, carotid atherosclerosis as IMT, cognitive function by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scoring system, and other clinical characteristics in 357 patients with type 2 diabetes. RESULTS Diabetic patients with the lowest quartile of IMT (Q1) had lower sCD36 concentrations (ANOVA, ptrend < 0.05) and higher MoCA scores than upper ones (Q2-Q4) (ptrend < 0.05), and those with the highest quartile of sCD36(Q4) had higher FBG, LDL-C and carotid IMT than lower ones (Q1-Q3) (ptrend < 0.05 for all). Plasma log10(sCD36) was significantly correlated with carotid IMT (r = 0.202, p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, gender, and education level. Carotid IMT was significantly associated with MoCA scores (r = 0.284, p < 0.001) after adjustment for, age, gender, education level, duration of DM and hypertension. There were no correlations between sCD36 and MoCA scores (r = -0.038, p = 0.470). CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that sCD36 is associated with carotid IMT, and carotid IMT is inversely correlated with cognitive function in type 2 diabetic patients. Nevertheless, no cross-sectional association between sCD36 and MoCA scores was detected in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhen Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruihua Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Jiang
- Department of Ultrasonography, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Shanghai Pudong New Area People’s Hospital, Shanghai, China
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63
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Low plasma BDNF is not a biomarker for cognitive dysfunction in elderly T2DM patients. Neurol Sci 2017; 38:1691-1696. [DOI: 10.1007/s10072-017-3048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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64
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Hui L, Han M, Yin GZ, Zhang Y, Huang XF, Qian ZK, Gu WG, Gu XC, Zhu XM, Soares JC, Ning Y, Zheng Y, Du XD, Zhang XY. Association between DBH 19bp insertion/deletion polymorphism and cognition in schizophrenia with and without tardive dyskinesia. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:104-109. [PMID: 27776953 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 10/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term antipsychotic treatment for schizophrenia is associated with the development of tardive dyskinesia (TD), which is involved in increased cognitive impairment. Dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DBH) gene associated with dopamine and norepinephrine systems influences cognition. Schizophrenia with TD have higher DBH activity than those without TD. This study examined whether DBH5'-insertion/deletion (-Ins/Del) polymorphism could influence cognitive function in schizophrenia with and without TD. The presence of DBH5'-Ins/Del polymorphism was determined in 345 schizophrenia with TD and 397 schizophrenia without TD. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale and Repeatable Battery for Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) were used to assess TD severity and cognition. The allele and genotype frequencies of DBH5'-Ins/Del polymorphism did not differ between patients with and without TD (both p>0.05). RBANS total score and subscales did not differ by DBH5'-Ins/Del genotype groups in patients with TD (all p>0.05). However, attention score significantly differed by DBH5'-Ins/Del genotype groups in those without TD (p<0.05). Patients without TD who were Del homozygous had significantly lower attention score than those without TD who were Ins alleles (p<0.05). Immediate memory and attention scores were lower in patients with TD than without TD (both p<0.05). This study indicated that DBH5'-Ins/Del polymorphism may not play a role in the susceptibility to TD and cognitive deficits in schizophrenia with TD, but it may influence cognitive function in schizophrenia with non-TD. Moreover, schizophrenia with TD experienced greater cognitive deficits than those with non-TD, especially in immediate memory and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hui
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Han
- School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Guang Zhong Yin
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Yingyang Zhang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xu Feng Huang
- School of Medicine, Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute (IHMRI), University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Zheng Kang Qian
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Wei Guo Gu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Chu Gu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Xiao Min Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Jair C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuping Ning
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yingjun Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xiang Dong Du
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, PR China.
| | - Xiang Yang Zhang
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, PR China.
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Eyileten C, Kaplon-Cieslicka A, Mirowska-Guzel D, Malek L, Postula M. Antidiabetic Effect of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Its Association with Inflammation in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:2823671. [PMID: 29062839 PMCID: PMC5618763 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2823671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin, which plays an important role in the central nervous system, and systemic or peripheral inflammatory conditions, such as acute coronary syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). BDNF is also expressed in several nonneuronal tissues, and platelets are the major source of peripheral BDNF. Here, we reviewed the potential role of BDNF in platelet reactivity in T2DM and its association with selected inflammatory and platelet activation mediators. Besides that, we focused on adipocytokines such as leptin, resistin, and adiponectin which are considered to take part in inflammation and both lipid and glucose metabolism in diabetic patients as previous studies showed the relation between adipocytokines and BDNF. We also reviewed the evidences of the antidiabetic effect of BDNF and the association with circulating inflammatory cytokines in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Eyileten
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Dagmara Mirowska-Guzel
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Lukasz Malek
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, University of Physical Education, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Postula
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Warsaw, Center for Preclinical Research and Technology CEPT, Warsaw, Poland
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Murillo Ortíz B, Ramírez Emiliano J, Ramos-Rodríguez E, Martínez-Garza S, Macías-Cervantes H, Solorio-Meza S, Pereyra-Nobara TA. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels and premature cognitive impairment/dementia in type 2 diabetes. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:615-620. [PMID: 28031779 PMCID: PMC5155235 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i20.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess the relationship of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) with cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes.
METHODS The study included 40 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2), 37 patients with chronic kidney disease in hem dialysis hemodialysis therapy (HD) and 40 healthy subjects. BDNF in serum was quantified by ELISA. The Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination was used to evaluate cognitive impairment.
RESULTS The patients with DM2 and the patients in HD were categorized into two groups, with cognitive impairment and without cognitive impairment. The levels of BDNF showed significant differences between patients with DM2 (43.78 ± 9.05 vs 31.55 ± 10.24, P = 0.005). There were no differences between patients in HD (11.39 ± 8.87 vs 11.11 ± 10.64 P = 0.77); interestingly, ferritin levels were higher in patients with cognitive impairment (1564 ± 1335 vs 664 ± 484 P = 0.001). The comparison of BDNF values, using a Kruskal Wallis test, between patients with DM2, in HD and healthy controls showed statistical differences (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSION Low levels of BDNF are associated with cognitive impairment in patients with DM2. The decrease of BDNF occurs early and progressively in patients in HD.
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Ahshin-Majd S, Zamani S, Kiamari T, Kiasalari Z, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani M. Carnosine ameliorates cognitive deficits in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: Possible involved mechanisms. Peptides 2016; 86:102-111. [PMID: 27777064 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2016.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic patients are at increased risk to develop cognitive deficit and senile dementia. This study was planned to assess the benefits of chronic carnosine administration on prevention of learning and memory deterioration in streptozotocin (STZ)-diabetic rats and to explore some of the involved mechanisms. Rats were divided into 5 groups: i.e., control, carnosine100-treated control, diabetic, and carnosine-treated diabetics (50 and 100mg/kg). Carnosine was injected i.p. at doses of 50 or 100mg/kg for 7 weeks, started 1 week after induction of diabetes using streptozotocin. Treatment of diabetic rats with carnosine at a dose of 100mg/kg at the end of the study lowered serum glucose, improved spatial recognition memory in Y maze, improved retention and recall in elevated plus maze, and prevented reduction of step-through latency in passive avoidance task. Furthermore, carnosine at a dose of 100mg/kg reduced hippocampal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, lowered lipid peroxidation, and improved superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense element glutathione (GSH), but not activity of catalase. Meanwhile, hippocampal level of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) decreased and level of nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) increased upon treatment of diabetic group with carnosine at a dose of 100mg/kg. Taken together, chronic carnosine treatment could ameliorate learning and memory disturbances in STZ-diabetic rats through intonation of NF-κB/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling cascade, attenuation of astrogliosis, possible improvement of cholinergic function, and amelioration of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zahra Kiasalari
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Mehrdad Roghani
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran.
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68
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Chen DC, Du XD, Yin GZ, Yang KB, Nie Y, Wang N, Li YL, Xiu MH, He SC, Yang FD, Cho RY, Kosten TR, Soares JC, Zhao JP, Zhang XY. Impaired glucose tolerance in first-episode drug-naïve patients with schizophrenia: relationships with clinical phenotypes and cognitive deficits. Psychol Med 2016; 46:3219-3230. [PMID: 27604840 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716001902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia patients have a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) than normals. We examined the relationship between IGT and clinical phenotypes or cognitive deficits in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia. METHOD A total of 175 in-patients were compared with 31 healthy controls on anthropometric measures and fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin and lipids. They were also compared using a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Neurocognitive functioning was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB). Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS Of the patients, 24.5% had IGT compared with none of the controls, and they also had significantly higher levels of fasting blood glucose and 2-h glucose after an oral glucose load, and were more insulin resistant. Compared with those patients with normal glucose tolerance, the IGT patients were older, had a later age of onset, higher waist or hip circumference and body mass index, higher levels of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides and higher insulin resistance. Furthermore, IGT patients had higher PANSS total and negative symptom subscale scores, but no greater cognitive impairment except on the emotional intelligence index of the MCCB. CONCLUSIONS IGT occurs with greater frequency in FEDN schizophrenia, and shows association with demographic and anthropometric parameters, as well as with clinical symptoms but minimally with cognitive impairment during the early course of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Chen
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - X D Du
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,People's Republic of China
| | - G Z Yin
- Suzhou Psychiatric Hospital,Suzhou,Jiangsu Province,People's Republic of China
| | - K B Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - Y Nie
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - N Wang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - Y L Li
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - M H Xiu
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - S C He
- Department of Psychology,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - F D Yang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
| | - R Y Cho
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,Houston, TX,USA
| | - T R Kosten
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,Baylor College of Medicine,Houston, TX,USA
| | - J C Soares
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston,Houston, TX,USA
| | - J P Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University,Changsha,People's Republic of China
| | - X Y Zhang
- Beijing HuiLongGuan Hospital,Peking University,Beijing,People's Republic of China
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69
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Eslami R, Gharakhanlou R, Kazemi A, Dakhili AB, Sorkhkamanzadeh G, Sheikhy A. Does Endurance Training Compensate for Neurotrophin Deficiency Following Diabetic Neuropathy? IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2016; 18:e37757. [PMID: 28184326 PMCID: PMC5291940 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.37757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A lack of neurotrophic support is believed to contribute to the development of diabetic neuropathy. On the other hand, neurotrophins have consistently been shown to increase in the central and peripheral nervous system following exercise, but the effects of exercise intervention on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in diabetic neuropathy are not understood. OBJECTIVES This experimental study was designed and carried out at the Tarbiat Modares university (TMU) in Tehran, Iran, to investigate the hypothesis that increased activity as endurance training can help to increase the endogenous expression of neurotrophins in diabetic rats. METHODS This was an experimental study with 2 × 2 factorial plans performed at TMU in Iran. Sampling was accidental and 28 adult male Wistar rats in the body mass range of 326.3 ± 8.4 g comprised the sample, with each rat randomly assigned to four groups: diabetic control (DC), diabetic training (DT), healthy control (HC), and healthy training (HT). To induce diabetic neuropathy, after 12 hours of food deprivation, an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) solution (45 mg/Kg) method was used. Two weeks after STZ injection, the endurance training protocol was performed for 6 weeks; 24 hours after the last training session, the rats were sacrificed. Real-time PCR was used for BDNF and NGF expression. RESULTS The data indicate that diabetes decreases BDNF and NGF expression in sensory (92%, P = 0.01; 90%, P = 0.038, respectively) and motor (93%, P = 0.05; 60%, P = 0.029, respectively) roots. However, NGF mRNA levels in the DT group were significantly higher than in the HC group ((7.1-fold), P = 0.01; (2.2-fold), P = 0.001, respectively, for sensory and motor roots), but this was not shown for BDNF. In addition, endurance training can increase NGF expression in healthy rats ((7.4-fold), P = 0.01; (3.8-fold), P = 0.001, respectively, for sensory and motor roots). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that BDNF and NGF expression decreases in diabetic neuropathy. However, this decrease can be reversed through endurance training. These results also indicate that endurance training may have a potential role in compensating for neurotrophin deficiency following diabetic neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Eslami
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Reza Gharakhanlou
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of Humanity and Literature, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Abdolreza Kazemi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
- Physical Education Department, Faculty of Humanity and Literature, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Abdolreza Kazemi, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran and Physical Education Department, Faculty of Humanity and Literature, Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9133982706, E-mail:
| | - Amir Bahador Dakhili
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Sorkhkamanzadeh
- Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IR Iran
| | - Ayob Sheikhy
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Computer, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IR Iran
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Tonoli C, Heyman E, Buyse L, Roelands B, Piacentini MF, Bailey S, Pattyn N, Berthoin S, Meeusen R. Neurotrophins and cognitive functions in T1D compared with healthy controls: effects of a high-intensity exercise. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 40:20-7. [PMID: 25525862 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2014-0098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is known to have beneficial effects on cognitive function. This effect is greatly favored by an exercise-induced increase in neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), especially with high-intensity exercises (HIE). As a complication of type 1 diabetes (T1D), a cognitive decline may occur, mostly ascribed to hypoglycaemia and chronic hyperglycaemia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of acute HIE on cognitive function and neurotrophins in T1D and matched controls. Ten trained T1D (8 males, 2 females) participants and their matched (by age, sex, fitness level) controls were evaluated on 2 occasions after familiarization: a maximal test to exhaustion and an HIE bout (10 intervals of 60 s at 90% of their maximal wattage followed by 60 s at 50 W). Cognitive tests and analyses of serum BDNF, IGF-1, and free insulin were performed before and after HIE and following 30 min of recovery. At baseline, cognitive performance was better in the controls compared with the T1D participants (p < 0.05). After exercise, no significant differences in cognitive performance were detected. BDNF levels were significantly higher and IGF-1 levels were significantly lower in T1D compared with the control group (p < 0.05) at all time points. Exercise increased BDNF and IGF-1 levels in a comparable percentage in both groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, although resting levels of serum BDNF and IGF-1 were altered by T1D, comparable increasing effects on BDNF and IGF-1 in T1D and healthy participants were found. Therefore, regularly repeating acute HIE could be a promising strategy for brain health in T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cajsa Tonoli
- a Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Physical Therapy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2 - B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
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71
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Soavi C, Marušič U, Sanz JM, Morieri ML, Dalla Nora E, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Zuliani G, Passaro A. Age-related differences in plasma BDNF levels after prolonged bed rest. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2016; 120:1118-23. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01111.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the family of neurotrophins and has been implicated in brain resistance to insults. Murine studies have demonstrated increased hippocampal concentration after acute immobilization and decreased concentration after chronic immobilization. In humans, chronic stress and sedentary lifestyle result in decreased plasma BDNF levels, but there no data exist regarding acute immobilization. The aim of our study was to evaluate age-related responses [comparing 7 younger subjects (age 23 ± 3 yr) and 8 older subjects (age 60 ± 4 yr)] of plasma BDNF before (baseline data collection, BDC) and after 14 days (BR14) of horizontal bed rest (BR). At BDC, BDNF levels were not different between the two groups ( P = 0.101), although at BR14, BDNF levels were higher in older subjects (62.02 ± 18.31) than in younger subjects (34.36 ± 15.24 pg/ml) ( P = 0.002). A general linear model for repeated measures showed a significant effect of BR on BDNF ( P = 0.002). The BDC BDNF levels correlated with fat-free mass in both populations (ALL) ( R = 0.628, P = 0.012), (older, R = 0.753, P = 0.031; younger, R = 0.772, P = 0.042), and with total cholesterol in ALL ( R = 0.647, P = 0.009) and older study subjects ( R = 0.805, P = 0.016). At BR14, BDNF correlated with total cholesterol ( R = 0.579, P = 0.024) and age ( R = 0.647, P = 0.009) in ALL. With an increase in age, the brain could become naturally less resistant to acute stressors, including the detrimental effects of prolonged bed rest, and thus the increase in BDNF in the older study group might reflect a protective overshooting of the brain to counteract the negative effects in such conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Soavi
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Uroš Marušič
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Juana Maria Sanz
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | | | | | - Bostjan Šimunič
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Rado Pišot
- Science and Research Centre, University of Primorska, Capodistria, Slovenia
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
| | - Angelina Passaro
- Medical Science Department, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy; and
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72
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Zhong Y, Zhu Y, He T, Li W, Yan H, Miao Y. Rolipram-induced improvement of cognitive function correlates with changes in hippocampal CREB phosphorylation, BDNF and Arc protein levels. Neurosci Lett 2016; 610:171-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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73
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Bathina S, Das UN. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical implications. Arch Med Sci 2015; 11:1164-78. [PMID: 26788077 PMCID: PMC4697050 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2015.56342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 597] [Impact Index Per Article: 66.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an important role in neuronal survival and growth, serves as a neurotransmitter modulator, and participates in neuronal plasticity, which is essential for learning and memory. It is widely expressed in the CNS, gut and other tissues. BDNF binds to its high affinity receptor TrkB (tyrosine kinase B) and activates signal transduction cascades (IRS1/2, PI3K, Akt), crucial for CREB and CBP production, that encode proteins involved in β cell survival. BDNF and insulin-like growth factor-1 have similar downstream signaling mechanisms incorporating both p-CAMK and MAPK that increase the expression of pro-survival genes. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor regulates glucose and energy metabolism and prevents exhaustion of β cells. Decreased levels of BDNF are associated with neurodegenerative diseases with neuronal loss, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and Huntington's disease. Thus, BDNF may be useful in the prevention and management of several diseases including diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siresha Bathina
- Bio-Science Research Center, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Undurti N. Das
- Bio-Science Research Center, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India
- UND Life Sciences, USA
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Giacobbo BL, Corrêa MS, Vedovelli K, de Souza CEB, Spitza LM, Gonçalves L, Paludo N, Molina RD, da Rosa ED, Argimon IIDL, Bromberg E. Could BDNF be involved in compensatory mechanisms to maintain cognitive performance despite acute sleep deprivation? An exploratory study. Int J Psychophysiol 2015; 99:96-102. [PMID: 26602839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies suggest that acute sleep deprivation can lead to adaptations, such as compensatory recruitment of cerebral structures, to maintain cognitive performance despite sleep loss. However, the understanding of the neurochemical alterations related to these adaptations remains incomplete. OBJECTIVE Investigate BDNF levels, cognitive performance and their relations in healthy subjects after acute sleep deprivation. METHODS Nineteen sleep deprived (22.11±3.21years) and twenty control (25.10±4.42years) subjects completed depression, anxiety and sleep quality questionnaires. Sleep deprived group spent a full night awake performing different playful activities to keep themselves from sleeping. Attention, response inhibition capacity and working memory (prefrontal cortex-dependent) were assessed with Stroop and Digit Span tests. Declarative memory (hippocampus-dependent) was assessed with Logical Memory test. Serum BDNF was measured by sandwich ELISA. Data were analyzed with independent samples T-test, ANOVA, ANCOVA and curve estimation regressions. p<0.05 was deemed statistically significant. RESULTS The sleep deprived group showed higher BDNF levels and normal performance on attention, response inhibition capacity and working memory. However, declarative memory was impaired. A sigmoidal relation between BDNF and Stroop Test scores was found. CONCLUSIONS Increased BDNF could be related, at least in part, to the maintenance of normal prefrontal cognitive functions after sleep deprivation. This potential relation should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lima Giacobbo
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Márcio Silveira Corrêa
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Kelem Vedovelli
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil; Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Bruhn de Souza
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Letícia Martins Spitza
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Gonçalves
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Nathália Paludo
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Rachel Dias Molina
- Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Eduarda Dias da Rosa
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Irani Iracema de Lima Argimon
- Institute of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Elke Bromberg
- Neurobiology and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Biosciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90619-900, Brazil; National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90035-003, Brazil.
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75
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Martinotti G, Sepede G, Brunetti M, Ricci V, Gambi F, Chillemi E, Vellante F, Signorelli M, Pettorruso M, De Risio L, Aguglia E, Angelucci F, Caltagirone C, Di Giannantonio M. BDNF concentration and impulsiveness level in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Res 2015; 229:814-8. [PMID: 26277035 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.07.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Among the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), impulsiveness has been observed in patients with high levels of hyperarousal. Recent literature reveals the importance of investigating the role of neurotrophins, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), in several psychiatric disorders. Specifically, contrasting findings have been reported on the levels of serum BDNF in subjects with PTSD. The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between BDNF serum levels and impulsiveness in PTSD. To this end, we measured BDNF serum levels in 23 PTSD patients and a control group of 19 trauma-exposed non-PTSD subjects. Results indicate a positive correlation in the PTSD group; that is, the higher the BDNF levels the higher the impulsiveness score, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), suggesting that impulsiveness could be associated with greater BDNF production. Alternatively, it is also possible that high impulsiveness acts as a psychological mechanism that counteracts the negative effects exerted by the traumatic experience and the associated obsessive thoughts. The present paper discusses both hypotheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sense Organs, University "A. Moro", Bari, Italy.
| | - Marcella Brunetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Valerio Ricci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Gambi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Eleonora Chillemi
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Luisa De Risio
- Department of Neuroscience, Catholic University of Rome, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Angelucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Di Giannantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
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76
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Li B, Lang N, Cheng ZF. Serum Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Are Associated with Diabetes Risk, Complications, and Obesity: a Cohort Study from Chinese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:5492-9. [PMID: 26454822 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is associated with systemic inflammatory conditions, such as diabetes. The aim of this study was to assess the serum BDNF levels in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). From the outpatient clinic at the endocrinology department of our hospital, all patients with long-standing T2DM were recruited for this study between August 2014 and December 2014. Serum levels of BDNF were assayed with solid-phase sandwich ELISA, and the demographical and clinical data were evaluated on admission. Median serum BDNF levels were significantly lower in patients with T2DM compared to control subjects (15.9 ng/mL (interquartile range (IQR), 12.6-19.8) VS. 24.6 ng/mL (IQR, 17.2-27.8); P < 0.0001). Serum BDNF levels were inversely correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.394, P < 0.0001) and duration of illness (r = -0.272, P < 0.0001) in T2DM patients. Based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, the optimal cutoff value of serum BDNF levels as an indicator for diagnosis of T2DM was projected to be 23.0 ng/mL, which yielded a sensitivity of 89.0 % and a specificity of 60.9 %, with the area under the curve at 0.794 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 0.747-0.841; P < 0.001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, after adjusting for other significant factors, BDNF can be seen as an indicator of independent diabetes complications with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.84 (95 % CI, 0.75-0.89; P < 0.001) and obesity with an OR of 0.88 (95 % CI, 0.80-0.92; P < 0.001). Our study suggested that low levels of BDNF accompany impaired glucose metabolism. Importantly, we found that decreased BDNF were correlated with obesity and diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Lang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Feng Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Disease, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 37, Yiyuan Street, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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The Effects of BDNF Val66Met Gene Polymorphism on Serum BDNF and Cognitive Function in Methamphetamine-Dependent Patients and Normal Controls: A Case-Control Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol 2015; 35:517-24. [PMID: 26280836 DOI: 10.1097/jcp.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Studies suggest that a functional polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF Val66Met) may contribute to methamphetamine dependence. We hypothesized that this polymorphism had a role in cognitive deficits in methamphetamine-dependent patients and in the relationship of serum BDNF with cognitive impairments. We conducted a case-control study by assessing 194 methamphetamine-dependent patients and 378 healthy volunteers without history of drug use on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and the presence of the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism and serum BDNF levels. We showed no significant differences in genotype and allele distributions between the methamphetamine-dependent patients and controls. Some aspects of cognitive function significantly differed in the 2 groups. The serum BDNF levels in methamphetamine-dependent patients were significantly higher than those of the healthy controls. In the patients, partial correlation analysis showed a significant positive correlation between serum BDNF and the delayed memory index score. The RBANS scores showed statistically significant BDNF level × genotype interaction. Further regression analyses showed a significant positive association between BDNF levels and the RBANS total score, immediate memory or attention index among Val homozygote patients, whereas a significant negative association of BDNF levels with the RBANS total score, visuospatial/constructional, or language index was found among Met/Val heterozygous patients. We demonstrated significant impairment on some aspects of cognitive function and increased BDNF levels in methamphetamine-dependent patients as well as genotypic differences in the relationships between BDNF levels and RBANS scores on the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism only in these patients.
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78
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Matching Diabetes and Alcoholism: Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Neurogenesis Are Commonly Involved. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:624287. [PMID: 26063976 PMCID: PMC4439509 DOI: 10.1155/2015/624287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes and alcohol misuse are two of the major challenges in health systems worldwide. These two diseases finally affect several organs and systems including the central nervous system. Hippocampus is one of the most relevant structures due to neurogenesis and memory-related processing among other functions. The present review focuses on the common profile of diabetes and ethanol exposure in terms of oxidative stress and proinflammatory and prosurvival recruiting transcription factors affecting hippocampal neurogenesis. Some aspects around antioxidant strategies are also included. As a global conclusion, the present review points out some common hits on both diseases giving support to the relations between alcohol intake and diabetes.
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79
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Viola TW, Tractenberg SG, Kluwe-Schiavon B, Levandowski ML, Sanvicente-Vieira B, Wearick-Silva LE, de Azeredo LA, Teixeira AL, Grassi-Oliveira R. Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Delayed Verbal Recall in Crack/Cocaine Dependents. Eur Addict Res 2015; 21:273-8. [PMID: 26022436 DOI: 10.1159/000430436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Considering the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in memory processes and its peripheral response during the detoxification of cocaine, the aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma BDNF levels could be related to memory performance in women with crack/cocaine dependence. METHODS Twenty-five abstinent female crack/cocaine users (CCD) and 25 unmedicated healthy women (HW), carefully matched for age and years of formal education, were assessed regarding memory performance. Logical Memory was used to assess the immediate verbal recall (IVR), delayed verbal recall (DVR) and memory retention. Plasma BDNF levels were measured by Elisa immunoassay. Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the severity of depressive symptoms, and the Cocaine Selective Severity Assessment the severity of cocaine abstinence symptoms. RESULTS The CCD group had lower DVR scores and higher plasma BDNF levels when compared to HW group. In addition, a linear regression model showed that BDNF levels predicted DVR scores within CCD group independently of depressive symptoms (R = 0.51; R(2) = 0.26; t(22) = 4.025, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Despite higher plasma BDNF levels, crack users exhibited memory impairments when compared to healthy women. Specifically, peripheral BDNF levels predicted better cognitive performance only within individuals who already had cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Wendt Viola
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Pediatria e Saúde da Criança, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Brazil
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80
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Geijselaers SLC, Sep SJS, Stehouwer CDA, Biessels GJ. Glucose regulation, cognition, and brain MRI in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3:75-89. [PMID: 25163604 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(14)70148-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with cognitive dysfunction and structural brain changes. Abnormalities in glucose regulation are involved in several complications related to type 2 diabetes, but their role in these cerebral complications is unclear. We systematically reviewed studies of the association between glucose regulation (glycaemia, hypoglycaemic events, insulin concentration, insulin resistance, and glucose-lowering treatment) and cognitive function and brain abnormalities on MRI in people with type 2 diabetes. The 86 papers included showed that glycaemia, particularly high HbA1c concentration and glucose variability, are negatively associated with cognitive function in people with type 2 diabetes without dementia. However, the strength of this association is weak, and HbA1c generally accounted for less than 10% of the variance in cognition. Importantly, few studies have measured long-term cerebral outcomes, such as dementia and structural brain changes on MRI, and the effect of glucose-lowering treatment on these outcomes. More randomised controlled trials are needed to establish the effect of glucose-lowering treatment on long-term cognitive function in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan L C Geijselaers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Simone J S Sep
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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81
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Small vessel disease and memory loss: what the clinician needs to know to preserve patients' brain health. Curr Cardiol Rep 2014; 15:427. [PMID: 24105643 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-013-0427-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Small vessel disease (SVD) in the brain manifests in the periventricular and deep white matter and radiographically is described as "leukoaraiosis". It is increasingly recognized as a cause of morbidity from middle age onward and this clinical relevance has paralleled advances in the field of neuroradiology. Overall, SVD is a heterogenous group of vascular disorders that may be asymptomatic, or a harbinger of many conditions that jeopardize brain health. Management and prevention focuses on blood pressure control, lifestyle modification, and symptomatic treatment.
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82
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Passaro A, Dalla Nora E, Morieri ML, Soavi C, Sanz JM, Zurlo A, Fellin R, Zuliani G. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor plasma levels: relationship with dementia and diabetes in the elderly population. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 70:294-302. [PMID: 24621946 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms linking diabetes and cognitive impairment/dementia, two common conditions of elderly people, are not completely known. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has antidiabetic properties, and reduced circulating BDNF was associated with dementia. We investigated the relationship between plasma BDNF levels, dementia, and diabetes in a sample of 164 community-dwelling elderly individuals, including 50 participants with vascular dementia, 44 with late onset Alzheimer's disease, 23 with cerebrovascular disease not dementia, and 47 controls (C). Presence/absence of diabetes was registered; new diagnoses of diabetes were made by the American Diabetes Association criteria. BDNF plasma levels were measured by ELISA. Both diagnosis of dementia and diabetes were associated with lower BDNF plasma values compared with the respective controls; moreover, dementia and diabetes correlated with BDNF plasma levels, independent of possible confounders. A progressive reductions of BDNF plasma levels from C (383.9 ± 204.6 pg/mL), to cerebrovascular disease not dementia (377.1 ± 130.2), to vascular dementia (313.3 ± 114.8), to late onset Alzheimer's disease (264.7 ± 147.7) was observed, (late onset Alzheimer's disease vs C, p: .03; late onset Alzheimer's disease vs cerebrovascular disease not dementia, p: .002). Demented patients affected by diabetes had the lowest BDNF mean levels (264.9 pg/mL) among individuals enrolled in this sample, suggesting the existence of a "synergistic" effect of dementia and diabetes on BDNF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Passaro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Edoardo Dalla Nora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Mario L Morieri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cecilia Soavi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Juana M Sanz
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Amedeo Zurlo
- Operative Unit of Geriatrics, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Renato Fellin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zuliani
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Internal Medicine, Gerontology and Clinical Nutrition, University of Ferrara, Italy.
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83
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Angelucci F, Ricci V, Gelfo F, Martinotti G, Brunetti M, Sepede G, Signorelli M, Aguglia E, Pettorruso M, Vellante F, Di Giannantonio M, Caltagirone C. BDNF serum levels in subjects developing or not post-traumatic stress disorder after trauma exposure. Brain Cogn 2013; 84:118-22. [PMID: 24362070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a syndrome resulting from exposure to a severe traumatic event that poses threatened death or injury and produces intense fear and helplessness. The neural structures implicated in PTSD development belong to the limbic system, an important region for emotional processing. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a neurotrophin that serves as survival factor for selected populations of central nervous system (CNS) neurons and plays a role in the limbic system by regulating synaptic plasticity, memory processes and behavior. Impaired BDNF production in the brain can lead to a variety of CNS dysfunctions including symptoms associated with PTSD. However, so far fewer studies have investigated this neurotrophin in patients with PTSD. Furthermore, given the multiple role of BDNF in various CNS disorders, it cannot be excluded that traumatic events per se may influence neurotrophin levels, without a direct association to the PTSD syndrome. To elucidate these issues, in this study we analyzed BDNF serum levels in two groups of subjects: patients with trauma exposure who developed PTSD, and subjects with trauma exposure who did not develop PTSD. We found that BDNF serum levels were lower in PTSD patients as compared to related control subjects. Thus, these data suggest that BDNF might be involved in pathophysiology of PTSD and consequently therapeutic approaches aimed at restoring BDNF serum levels may be beneficial to this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Angelucci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy.
| | - Valerio Ricci
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Gelfo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcella Brunetti
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianna Sepede
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Federica Vellante
- Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G.d'Annunzio", Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy
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Yanev S, Aloe L, Fiore M, Chaldakov GN. Neurotrophic and metabotrophic potential of nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor: Linking cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric diseases. World J Pharmacol 2013; 2:92-99. [DOI: 10.5497/wjp.v2.i4.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
One of biggest recent achievements of neurobiology is the study on neurotrophic factors. The neurotrophins are exciting examples of these factors. They belong to a family of proteins consisting of nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT-3), NT-4/5, NT-6, and NT-7. Today, NGF and BDNF are well recognized to mediate a dizzying number of trophobiological effects, ranging from neurotrophic through immunotrophic and epitheliotrophic to metabotrophic effects. These are implicated in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In the same vein, recent studies in adipobiology reveal that this tissue is the body’s largest endocrine and paracrine organ producing multiple signaling proteins collectively termed adipokines, with NGF and BDNF being also produced from adipose tissue. Altogether, neurobiology and adipobiology contribute to the improvement of our knowledge on diseases beyond obesity such as cardiometabolic (atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome) and neuropsychiatric (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease and depression) diseases. The present review updates evidence for (1) neurotrophic and metabotrophic potentials of NGF and BDNF linking the pathogenesis of these diseases, and (2) NGF- and BDNF-mediated effects in ampakines, NMDA receptor antagonists, antidepressants, selective deacetylase inhibitors, statins, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma agonists, and purinergic P2X3 receptor up-regulation. This may help to construct a novel paradigm in the field of translational pharmacology of neuro-metabotrophins, particularly NGF and BDNF.
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85
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Soligo M, Nori SL, Protto V, Florenzano F, Manni L. Acupuncture and Neurotrophin Modulation. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2013; 111:91-124. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411545-3.00005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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