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Are Office-Based Workplace Interventions Designed to Reduce Sitting Time Cost-Effective Primary Prevention Measures for Cardiovascular Disease? A Systematic Review and Modelled Economic Evaluation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16050834. [PMID: 30866495 PMCID: PMC6427179 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the cost-effectiveness of workplace-delivered interventions designed to reduce sitting time as primary prevention measures for cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Australia. METHODS A Markov model was developed to simulate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of a workplace intervention for the primary prevention of CVD amongst office-based workers. An updated systematic review and a meta-analysis of workplace interventions that aim to reduce sitting time was conducted to inform the intervention effect. The primary outcome was workplace standing time. An incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated for this intervention measured against current practice. Costs (in Australia dollars) and benefits were discounted at 3% annually. Both deterministic (DSA) and probabilistic (PSA) sensitivity analyses were performed. RESULTS The updated systematic review identified only one new study. Only the multicomponent intervention that included a sit-and-stand workstation showed statistically significant changes in the standing time compared to the control. The intervention was associated with both higher costs ($6820 versus $6524) and benefits (23.28 versus 23.27, quality-adjusted life year, QALYs), generating an ICER of $43,825/QALY. The DSA showed that target age group for the intervention, relative risk of CVD relative to the control and intervention cost were the key determinants of the ICER. The base case results were within the range of the 95% confidence interval and the intervention had a 85.2% probability of being cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS A workplace-delivered intervention in the office-based setting including a sit-and-stand desk component is a cost-effective strategy for the primary prevention of CVD. It offers a new option and location when considering interventions to target the growing CVD burden.
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Blankenship JM, Chipkin SR, Freedson PS, Staudenmayer J, Lyden K, Braun B. Managing free-living hyperglycemia with exercise or interrupted sitting in type 2 diabetes. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 126:616-625. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00389.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breaking up sitting with light physical activity (PA) is effective in reducing hyperglycemia in the laboratory. Whether the same effects are observed in the free-living environment remains unknown. We evaluated how daily and postprandial glycemia is impacted by 20, 40, or 60 min of activity performed as either breaks from sitting after each meal (BR) or as one continuous walk after breakfast (WALK). Thirty individuals with type 2 diabetes completed three experimental conditions [BR, WALK, and control (CON)] in a randomized crossover design. Conditions were performed in a free-living environment with strict dietary control over 7 days. Participants increased PA in BR and WALK by 20, 40, or 60 min ( n = 10 in each group) and maintained habitual levels of PA during CON. A continuous glucose monitor (iPro2) and activPAL activity monitor were worn to quantify glycemic control and PA. Using linear mixed models with repeated measures, we 1) compared postprandial glucose (PPG) across conditions and 2) assessed the relationship between activity volume and glucose responses. Whereas WALK tended to shorten the daily duration of hyperglycemia compared with CON ( P = 0.0875), BR was not different from CON. BR and WALK significantly attenuated the breakfast PPG versus CON ( P ≤ 0.05), but lunch and dinner PPG were unaffected by BR and WALK. In conclusion, continuous walking was more effective than breaks from sitting in lowering daily hyperglycemia for the group, but both conditions lowered breakfast PPG. In contrast to tightly controlled laboratory studies, breaks from sitting did not lower hyperglycemia in the free-living environment. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our “ecolabical” approach is new and noteworthy. This approach combines the external validity of the free-living environment (ecological) with the control of key confounding variables in the laboratory and allows for highly translatable findings by minimizing confounding variables. We found that both postmeal continuous walking and short breaks from sitting similarly attenuated the postprandial glucose (PPG) response to breakfast. Unlike previous laboratory studies, neither condition (walk after breakfast or postmeal breaks) significantly impacted PPG at lunch or dinner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stuart R. Chipkin
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - Patty S. Freedson
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | - John Staudenmayer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
| | | | - Barry Braun
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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Rodriguez-Hernandez MG, Wadsworth DW. The effect of 2 walking programs on aerobic fitness, body composition, and physical activity in sedentary office employees. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210447. [PMID: 30695080 PMCID: PMC6350957 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study examined changes in body composition, maximum oxygen uptake, and physical activity in sedentary office employees prescribed with two different walking programs during a 10-week intervention. Methods 68 sedentary employees were randomly assigned to one of three groups: multiple bouts of walking (n = 24 (5 male, 19 female) Age = 46±9, BMI = 30.5±5.78 kg/m2), continuous walking (n = 22 (6 male, 16 female) Age = 48±9, BMI = 30.6±6.2 kg/m2) and the control group (n = 22 (5 male, 17 female) Age = 42±10, BMI = 27.5±5.23 kg/m2). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (iDXA) assessed body composition and a Bruce protocol treadmill test assessed aerobic fitness at baseline and week 11. At baseline, week 6 and week 11 a waist worn accelerometer measured physical activity and sedentary behavior. Physical activity was measured throughout the program with a wrist worn accelerometer. Results The results from the mixed-design ANOVA show that fat mass (p < .000) and fat percentage (p < .000) decreased for all three groups as a main effect of time. Sedentary behavior did not change (p>0.05) for all three groups. Moderate intensity physical activity increased significantly from pre-test to week 6 (p<0.05), then decreased from week 6 to post-test (p<0.05), with no significant changes observed from pre-test to post-test (p>0.05) for all groups. No changes in VO2 were observed (p>0.05) for all groups. Conclusions Continuous or intermittent walking activity produce similar benefits on body weight, fat mass and body fat percentage in sedentary employees. Meanwhile, intermittent walking allowed these sedentary employees to increase lean mass and fat free mass. Intermittent walking could provide at least similar benefits on body composition compared to a continuous walking program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mynor G. Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Education Department, University of Costa Rica, San Ramón, Alajuela, Costa Rica
- School of Kinesiology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, United States of America
- * E-mail: ,
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Riegel GR, Martins GB, Schmidt AG, Rodrigues MP, Nunes GS, Correa V, Fuchs SC, Fuchs FD, Ribeiro PA, Moreira LB. Self-reported adherence to physical activity recommendations compared to the IPAQ interview in patients with hypertension. Patient Prefer Adherence 2019; 13:209-214. [PMID: 30774316 PMCID: PMC6350830 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s185519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) is recommended as adjuvant therapy to control blood pressure (BP). The effectiveness of simple recommendations is not clear. We aimed to assess the agreement between self-report of adherence to PA in clinical routine and International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) interview and its association with BP control. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted with hypertensive outpatients. Adherence to recommendation to PA was assessed by the physician and IPAQ interview. A cutoff of 150 minutes/week was used to classify active or nonactive patients. High sitting time was considered >4 hours/day. A total of 127 individuals (SBP 144.9±24.4 mmHg/DBP 82.0±12.8 mmHg) were included. RESULTS A total of 69 subjects (54.3%) reported to be active to their physician, whereas 81 (63.8%) were classified as active by IPAQ (6.3% active in leisure time PA). Kappa test was 0.22 (95% CI, 0.06-0.37). The rate of BP control was 45.7%. There was no association with the reported PA assessed by both methods nor with sitting time. Our results demonstrated poor agreement between self-report adherence and IPAQ interview, and neither evaluation was associated with BP control. CONCLUSION Our findings underpin evidences that a simple PA recommendation has low association with BP control in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glaube R Riegel
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Giulia B Martins
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Afonso G Schmidt
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Marcela P Rodrigues
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Gerson S Nunes
- Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vicente Correa
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Sandra C Fuchs
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
| | - Flavio D Fuchs
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Cardiology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Paula Ab Ribeiro
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Cardiology Division, University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montréal, QC, Canada,
| | - Leila B Moreira
- Postgraduate Studies Program in Cardiology, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil,
- Pharmacology Department, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde (ICBS), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Jacques MF, Onambele‐Pearson GL, Reeves ND, Stebbings GK, Smith J, Morse CI. Relationships between muscle size, strength, and physical activity in adults with muscular dystrophy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1042-1052. [PMID: 30338901 PMCID: PMC6240748 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Muscular dystrophy (MD) is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness, yet few comparisons to non-MD controls (CTRL) of muscle strength and size in this adult population exist. Physical activity (PA) is promoted to maintain health and muscle strength within MD; however, PA reporting in adults with MD is limited to recall data, and its impact on muscle strength is seldom explored. METHODS This study included 76 participants: 16 non-MD (CTRL, mean age 35.4), 15 Duchenne MD (DMD, mean age 24.2), 18 Becker's MD (BMD, mean age 42.4), 13 limb-girdle MD (LGMD, mean age 43.1), and 14 facioscapulohumeral MD (mean age 47.7). Body fat (%) and lean body mass (LBM) were measured using bioelectrical-impedance. Gastrocnemius medialis (GM) anatomical cross-sectional area (ACSA) was determined using B-mode ultrasound. Isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was assessed during plantar flexion (PFMVC) and knee extension (KEMVC). PA was measured for seven continuous days using triaxial accelerometry and was expressed as daily average minutes being physically active (TPAmins ) or average daily percentage of waking hours being sedentary (sedentary behaviour). Additionally, 10 m walk time was assessed. RESULTS Muscular dystrophy groups had 34-46% higher body fat (%) than CTRL. DMD showed differences in LBM with 21-28% less LBM than all other groups. PFMVC and KEMVC were 36-75% and 24-92% lower, respectively, in MD groups than CTRL. GM ACSA was 47% and 39% larger in BMD and LGMD, respectively, compared with CTRL. PFMVC was associated with GM ACSA in DMD (P = 0.026, R = 0.429) and CTRL (P = 0.015, R = 0.553). MD groups were 14-38% more sedentary than CTRL groups, while DMD were more sedentary than BMD (14%), LGMD (8%), and facioscapulohumeral MD (14%). Sedentary behaviour was associated with LBM in DMD participants (P = 0.021, R = -0.446). TPAmins was associated with KEMVC (P = 0.020, R = 0.540) in BMD participants, while TPAmins was also the best predictor of 10 m walk time (P < 0.001, R2 = 0.540) in ambulant MD, revealed by multiple linear regression. CONCLUSIONS Quantified muscle weakness and impaired 10 m walking time is reported in adults with MD. Muscle weakness and 10 m walk time were associated with lower levels of TPA in adults with MD. Higher levels of sedentary behaviour were associated with reduced LBM in DMD. These findings suggest a need for investigations into patterns of PA behaviour, and relevant interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour and encourage PA in adults with MD regardless of impairment severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F. Jacques
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Gladys L. Onambele‐Pearson
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Neil D. Reeves
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | - Georgina K. Stebbings
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
| | | | - Christopher I. Morse
- Research Centre for Musculoskeletal Science and Sports Medicine, School of Healthcare Science, Faculty of Science and EngineeringManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUK
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Dempsey PC, Hadgraft NT, Winkler EAH, Clark BK, Buman MP, Gardiner PA, Owen N, Lynch BM, Dunstan DW. Associations of context-specific sitting time with markers of cardiometabolic risk in Australian adults. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2018; 15:114. [PMID: 30458790 PMCID: PMC6245709 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-018-0748-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High volumes of sitting time are associated with an elevated risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and with adverse cardiometabolic risk profiles. However, previous studies have predominately evaluated only total sitting or television (TV) viewing time, limiting inferences about the specific cardiometabolic health impacts of sitting accumulated in different contexts. We examined associations of sitting time in four contexts with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers in Australian adults. Methods Participants (n = 3429; mean ± SD age 58 ± 10 years) were adults without clinically diagnosed diabetes or cardiovascular disease from the 2011–2012 Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle (AusDiab) study. Multiple linear regressions examined associations of self-reported context-specific sitting time (occupational, transportation, TV-viewing and leisure-time computer use) with a clustered cardiometabolic risk score (CMR) and with individual cardiometabolic risk biomarkers (waist circumference, BMI, resting blood pressure, triglycerides, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol, and fasting and 2-h post-load plasma glucose). Results Higher CMR was significantly associated with greater TV-viewing and computer sitting time (b [95%CI] = 0.07 [0.04, 0.09] and 0.06 [0.03, 0.09]), and tended to be associated with higher occupational and transport sitting time (0.01 [− 0.01, 0.03] and 0.03 [− 0.00, 0.06]), after adjustment for potential confounders. Furthermore, keeping total sitting time constant, accruing sitting via TV-viewing and computer use was associated with significantly higher CMR (0.05 [0.02, 0.08] and 0.04 [0.01, 0.06]), accruing sitting in an occupational context was associated with significantly lower CMR (− 0.03 [− 0.05, − 0.01]), while no significant association was seen for transport sitting (0.00 [− 0.03, 0.04]). Results varied somewhat between the respective biomarkers; however, higher sitting time in each domain tended to be associated detrimentally with individual biomarkers except for fasting glucose (non-significant associations) and systolic blood pressure (a beneficial association was observed). Overall, associations were stronger for TV-viewing and computer use, and weaker for occupational sitting. Conclusions Higher context-specific sitting times tended to be detrimentally associated, albeit modestly, with CMR and several cardiometabolic risk biomarkers. There was some evidence suggesting that the context in which people sit is relevant above and beyond total sitting time. Methodological issues notwithstanding, these findings may assist in identifying priorities for sitting-reduction initiatives, in order to achieve optimal cardiometabolic health benefits. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12966-018-0748-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy C Dempsey
- Physical Activity, Metabolic & Vascular Physiology and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia. .,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Nyssa T Hadgraft
- Physical Activity, Metabolic & Vascular Physiology and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Public Health/Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elisabeth A H Winkler
- School of Public Health/Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Bronwyn K Clark
- School of Public Health/Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew P Buman
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N 3rd Street, Phoenix, AZ, 85004, USA
| | - Paul A Gardiner
- School of Public Health/Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Physical Activity, Metabolic & Vascular Physiology and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Centre for Urban Transitions, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Brigid M Lynch
- Physical Activity, Metabolic & Vascular Physiology and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Cancer Epidemiology and Intelligence Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity, Metabolic & Vascular Physiology and Behavioural Epidemiology Laboratories, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.,School of Public Health/Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Central Clinical School/Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Silva DR, Minderico CS, Pinto F, Collings PJ, Cyrino ES, Sardinha LB. Impact of a classroom standing desk intervention on daily objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity in youth. J Sci Med Sport 2018; 21:919-924. [PMID: 29409737 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated the impact of a standing desk intervention on daily objectively monitored sedentary behavior and physical activity in 6th grade school students. DESIGN Cluster non-randomised controlled trial. METHOD Two classes (intervention students: n=22 [aged 11.8±0.4years]; control students: n=27 [11.6±0.5years]) from a public school in Lisbon were selected. The intervention involved replacing traditional seated classroom desks for standing desks, for a total duration of 16 weeks, in addition to performing teacher training and holding education/motivation sessions with students and parents. Sedentary behavior (ActivPAL inclinometer) and physical activity (Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometer) were measured for seven days immediately before and after the intervention. RESULTS There were no differences in baseline behaviors between intervention and control groups (p>0.05). At follow-up (16 weeks), it was observed that the intervention group had decreased time spent sitting (total week: -6.8% and at school: -13.0% relative to baseline) and increased standing (total week: 16.5% and at school: 31.0%) based on inclinometer values (p-value for interaction group*time <0.05). No significant differences in activity outcomes were observed outside school time (week or weekend) between groups. CONCLUSION We conclude that a 16 week classroom standing desk intervention successfully reduced sitting time and increase standing time at school, with no observed compensatory effects outside of school time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo R Silva
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Londrina State University, Brazil; Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Minderico
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernando Pinto
- Departament of Social Sciences, Eça de Queiros High School, Portugal
| | - Paul J Collings
- Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom; University of York, Department of Health Sciences, United Kingdom
| | - Edilson S Cyrino
- Study and Research Group in Metabolism, Nutrition, and Exercise - GEPEMENE, Londrina State University, Brazil
| | - Luís B Sardinha
- Exercise and Health Laboratory, CIPER, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal.
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Hartman YA, Karssemeijer EG, van Diepen LA, Olde Rikkert MG, Thijssen DH. Dementia Patients Are More Sedentary and Less Physically Active than Age- and Sex-Matched Cognitively Healthy Older Adults. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2018; 46:81-89. [PMID: 30145584 PMCID: PMC6187840 DOI: 10.1159/000491995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to examine physical activity and sedentary behaviour characteristics of ambulatory and community-dwelling patients with dementia compared to cognitively healthy age-, sex- and weight-matched controls. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, we included community-dwelling dementia patients (n = 45, age 79.6 ± 5.9 years, Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] 22.8 ± 3.2) and matched controls (n = 49, age 80.0 ± 7.7 years, MMSE 29.0 ± 1.2). Participants wore a wrist accelerometer for 7 days to assess sedentary time, sedentary bout duration and time spent in very light, light-to-moderate and moderate-to-vigorous physical activities. RESULTS Relative sedentary time and sedentary bout duration was significantly higher in dementia patients than in controls (median [interquartile range] 57% [49-68] vs. 55% [47-59] and 18.3 [16.4-21.1] min vs. 16.6 [15.3-18.4] min, p = 0.042 and p = 0.008, respectively). In addition, dementia patients spent a lower percentage of their waking time in light-to-moderate and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activities (20% [15-23] vs. 22% [18-25] and 5% [2-10] vs. 10% [5-13], p = 0.017 and p = 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION We revealed that dementia patients are more sedentary and perform less physical activity than cognitively healthy controls. This may have clinically important consequences, given the observation that sedentary behaviour and little physical activity independently predict all-cause mortality and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne A.W. Hartman
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther G.A. Karssemeijer
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Lisanne A.M. van Diepen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel G.M. Olde Rikkert
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Dick H.J. Thijssen
- Department of Physiology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands,Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom,*Prof. Dr. Dick H.J. Thijssen, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Philips van Leijdenlaan 15, NL-6525 EX Nijmegen (The Netherlands), E-Mail
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Del Pozo-Cruz J, García-Hermoso A, Alfonso-Rosa RM, Alvarez-Barbosa F, Owen N, Chastin S, Del Pozo-Cruz B. Replacing Sedentary Time: Meta-analysis of Objective-Assessment Studies. Am J Prev Med 2018; 55:395-402. [PMID: 30122216 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2018.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The aim was to summarize estimates of the potential benefits for cardiometabolic risk markers and all-cause mortality of replacing time spent in sedentary behaviors with light-intensity physical activity or with moderate to vigorous physical activity, from studies using device-based measurement. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Four databases covering the period up to December 2016 were searched and analyzed (February 2017). Data were extracted by two independent reviewers. For the meta-analyses, the estimated regression coefficients (β) and 95% CIs were analyzed for BMI, waist circumference, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Pooled relative rate and 95% CIs were calculated for fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance values. Hazard ratios were extracted from studies of all-cause mortality risk. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS Ten studies (with 17,390 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Reallocation of 30 minutes of sedentary time to light-intensity physical activity was associated with reductions in waist circumference, fasting insulin, and all-cause mortality risk; and with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Reallocating 30 minutes of sedentary time to moderate to vigorous physical activity was associated with reductions in BMI, waist circumference, fasting glucose, fasting insulin, and all-cause mortality (not pooled) and with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Replacing sedentary time with either light-intensity physical activity or moderate to vigorous physical activity may be beneficial, but when sedentary time is replaced with moderate to vigorous physical activity, the predicted impacts are stronger and apparent for a broader range of risk markers. These findings point to potential benefits of replacing sedentary time with light-intensity physical activity, which may benefit those less able to tolerate or accommodate higher-intensity activities, including many older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Rosa M Alfonso-Rosa
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Area of Human Motricity and Sport Performance, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Alvarez-Barbosa
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville, Seville, Spain; Department of Physical Activity and Sport, Cardenal Espinola CEU, Seville, Spain
| | - Neville Owen
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia; The Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sebastien Chastin
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom; Department of Sports and Movement Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Borja Del Pozo-Cruz
- Institute for Positive Psychology and Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia; Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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60
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Magnon V, Vallet GT, Auxiette C. Sedentary Behavior at Work and Cognitive Functioning: A Systematic Review. Front Public Health 2018; 6:239. [PMID: 30234085 PMCID: PMC6127206 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2018.00239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is now well-established that sedentarity has a negative impact on the physiological functioning and health of humans, whereas very little is known about the psychological repercussions, especially in cognitive functioning. Yet, studying the cognitive effects of the sedentary lifestyle is particularly relevant in the short term for productivity and in the long term for cognitive health (accelerated aging). This systematic review therefore aims to make an inventory of the potential cognitive effects of sedentarity at the workplace. Methods: Pubmed, PsycINFO, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for English-language peer-reviewed articles published between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2017 to identify studies including sedentary behavior and objective measures from cognitive domains (cognitive inhibition, cognitive flexibility, working memory, etc.). To carry out this systematic review, the 3 keywords "Sedentary" and "Cognition" and "Work" (and their derivatives) had to appear in the title or in the summary of the paper. Results: Of the 13 papers that met the inclusion criteria, 9 were short-term interventions, 3 medium-term interventions, and 1 long-term intervention. Nine of them reported non-significant results. Two studies study reported deterioration in cognitive performance. Two reported an improvement in performance in cognitive tasks with one study with overweight adults and the only one study with a long-term intervention. However, these studies intend to reduce sedentary behavior, but do not allow answering the question of the potential cognitive effects of the sedentary lifestyle. Conclusion: These data suggest that sedentary behavior is not associated with changes in cognitive performance in interventions that intend to reduce sedentary behavior. Then, and given the trend toward increased time in sedentary behavior, long-term prospective studies of high methodological quality are recommended to clarify the relationships between sedentary behavior and the cognitive functioning. Our systematic review identifies also the need for retrospective, longitudinal, or epidemiologic studies. It also recognizes the need to standardize methodology for collecting, defining, and reporting sedentary behavior and the need to standardize the cognitive tests used. The relationship between sedentary behavior and cognitive functioning remaining uncertain, further studies are warranted for which 8 recommendations are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Magnon
- Université Clermont Auvergne, UFR de Psychologie, Sciences Sociales, Sciences de l'Éducation, Clermont-Ferrand, France
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Healy GN, Eakin EG, Winkler EA, Hadgraft N, Dunstan DW, Gilson ND, Goode AD. Assessing the Feasibility and Pre-Post Impact Evaluation of the Beta (Test) Version of the BeUpstanding Champion Toolkit in Reducing Workplace Sitting: Pilot Study. JMIR Form Res 2018; 2:e17. [PMID: 30684420 PMCID: PMC6334681 DOI: 10.2196/formative.9343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Web-based, evidence-informed BeUpstanding Champion Toolkit was developed to provide employers (via a "train-the-champion approach") with resources and support to help in reducing prolonged sitting in their own desk-based workplace. As part of a five-phase research-to-dissemination process, this study reports on the evaluation of the beta (test) version of this toolkit (Phase 2). OBJECTIVE The objective of our study was to evaluate (1) the implementation of the toolkit by workplace champions and (2) the impact of the toolkit on sitting (primary outcome), standing, and moving; use of activity-promoting strategies; knowledge and attitudes; and indicators of health and work performance. METHODS An implementation study using a pre-post design was conducted in 7 desk-based workplaces in Australia (September 2015 to May 2016), with work teams (one per workplace) purposively recruited to ensure representation across a range of sectors (white- or blue-collar), organizational sizes (small or medium or large), and locations (metropolitan or regional). All staff within participating teams were invited to participate in the relevant toolkit activities. Implementation outcomes (time commitment required by champions and toolkit activities completed) were collected from each champion via telephone interviews. Changes in impact outcomes, measured via a Web-based questionnaire completed by employees at baseline and 3 months postimplementation, were assessed using mixed models, correcting for clustering. RESULTS Champions reported a 30-60 minutes per week time commitment to the toolkit activities. All teams formed a wellbeing committee and sent the staff surveys at both time points; most champions held a staff consultation workshop (6/7), identified team-level strategies within that workshop (5/7), used the communication resources provided within the toolkit (emails, posters; 6/7), and completed the action plan (5/7). In total, 52% (315 of ≈600) employees participated in at least one survey and 97 (16%) participated in both. At follow-up, there was a significant (P<.05) reduction in self-reported workplace sitting time compared to baseline (-6.3%, 95% CI -10.1 to -2.5; n=85) equating to ≈30 minutes per workday. Significant benefits were also observed for the use of activity-promoting strategies, with small, nonsignificant changes observed for knowledge and attitudes and indicators of health and work performance. CONCLUSIONS The beta version of the BeUpstanding Champion Toolkit was feasible to implement and effective in reducing self-reported workplace sitting across a broad range of desk-based workplaces. The next phase (Phase 3) will build on these findings to optimize the toolkit for wider-scale implementation and longer term evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Nissa Healy
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Eakin
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Nyssa Hadgraft
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Gilson
- School of Human Movement Studies and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ana D Goode
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Biswas A, Oh PI, Faulkner GE, Bonsignore A, Pakosh MT, Alter DA. The energy expenditure benefits of reallocating sedentary time with physical activity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Public Health (Oxf) 2018; 40:295-303. [PMID: 28591813 PMCID: PMC6051454 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdx062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We compared direct and daily cumulative energy expenditure (EE) differences associated with reallocating sedentary time to physical activity in adults for meaningful EE changes. Methods Peer-reviewed studies in PubMed, Medline, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from inception to March 2017. Randomized and non-randomized interventions with sedentary time and EE outcomes in adults were included. Study quality was assessed by the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute tool, and summarized using random-effects meta-analysis and meta-regression. Results In total, 26 studies were reviewed, and 24 studies examined by meta-analysis. Reallocating 6-9 h of sedentary time to light-intensity physical activity (LIPA) (standardized mean difference [SMD], 2.501 [CI: 1.204-5.363]) had lower cumulative EE than 6-9 h of combined LIPA and moderate-vigorous intensity physical activity (LIPA and moderate-vigorous physical activity [MVPA]) (SMD, 5.218 [CI: 3.822-6.613]). Reallocating 1 h of MVPA resulted in greater cumulative EE than 3-5 h of LIPA and MVPA, but <6-9 h of LIPA and MVPA. Conclusions Comparable EE can be achieved by different strategies, and promoting MVPA might be effective for those individuals where a combination of MVPA and LIPA is challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul I Oh
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guy E Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Alis Bonsignore
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maureen T Pakosh
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Alter
- Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—UHN, Toronto, Canada
- Toronto Rehabilitation Institute—UHN and University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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O’Brien CM, Duda JL, Kitas GD, Veldhuijzen van Zanten JJCS, Metsios GS, Fenton SAM. Correlates of sedentary behaviour and light physical activity in people living with rheumatoid arthritis: protocol for a longitudinal study. Mediterr J Rheumatol 2018; 29:106-117. [PMID: 32185311 PMCID: PMC7046072 DOI: 10.31138/mjr.29.2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behaviour (SB) is associated with adverse health outcomes in the general population. Replacing sedentary time with light intensity physical activity (LPA) has been linked with improvements in all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in adults. People with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) typically spend long periods of time sedentary, but the health consequences of 'too much sitting', and possible benefits of LPA, have not been fully explored in this population. Moreover, little is known regarding the determinants of these behaviours among people living with RA, and such knowledge is required for the development of effective behavioural interventions. AIMS To examine longitudinal relationships between: 1) objectively-assessed SB/LPA with health outcomes in RA, 2) hypothesised determinants of SB/LPA with objectively-assessed SB/LPA in RA. METHODS This longitudinal study will secure assessments at baseline (Time 1) and 6-month follow-up (Time 2) from RA patients. At both time points, physical assessments will be undertaken, and questionnaires administered to measure physical (e.g., percentage body fat, disease activity, physical function, pain) and psychological (e.g., depression, anxiety, vitality) health outcomes. Additional questionnaires will be administered to establish hypothesised determinants (i.e., psychosocial, individual differences, and physical environmental). Participants will wear the ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer and activPAL3μTM for 7 days to objectively measure SB and LPA. DISCUSSION Findings will elucidate the health correlates of SB in RA, as well as the relevance of interventions targeting reductions in SB by promoting LPA. Results will also assist in identifying intervention targets (i.e., determinants), with the potential to encourage SB change in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciara M. O’Brien
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | - Joan L. Duda
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - George D. Kitas
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
| | | | - George S. Metsios
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Education, Health and Wellbeing, University of Wolverhampton, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
| | - Sally A. M. Fenton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Rheumatology, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust, West Midlands, United Kingdom
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Lundberg K, Tarp J, Vestergaard AH, Jacobsen N, Thykjaer AS, Rønne MS, Bugge A, Goldschmidt E, Peto T, Wedderkopp N, Grauslund J. Retinal vascular diameters in relation to physical activity in Danish children - The CHAMPS Eye Study. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2018; 28:1897-1907. [PMID: 29701884 DOI: 10.1111/sms.13204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Our objective was to determine associations between retinal vascular caliber and physical activity (PA) in a school-based child cohort. In a prospective study, we created a childhood cumulative average PA-index using objectively measured PA (accelerometry) assessed at four periods between 2009 and 2015. Cumulative exposure to PA intensities was estimated. Cross-sectional examinations on biomarkers, anthropometry, and ophthalmological data including retinal fundus photographs were performed in 2015. Semi-automated measurements of retinal vascular diameters were performed and summarized into central retinal arteriolar and venular equivalents (CRAE, CRVE). We included 307 participants. Mean age in 2015 was 15.4 years (0.7). The mean CRAE and CRVE were 156.5 μm (2.8) and 217.6 μm (7.7), respectively. After adjusting for age, gender, and axial length, more time in PA was independently related to thinner retinal venules (β-coefficient = -1.25 μm/%, 95% confidence interval = -2.20, -0.30, P < .01). Sedentary time was associated with wider venules (P < .01). Furthermore, birthweight (β-coefficient = 0.56 μm/%, 95% confidence interval = 0.18, 0.95, P < .01) was associated with CRVE. Blood pressure was associated with thinner retinal arterioles (β-coefficient = -0.19 μm/mmHg, 95% confidence interval = -0.36, -0.01, P = .04). We concluded that children with higher PA in childhood had thinner retinal venular caliber. Our results suggest that PA during childhood positively impacts the retinal microcirculation and that retinal vascular analysis may be a possible assessment to detect microvascular impairments in children with an increased risk of future cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Lundberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Tarp
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - A H Vestergaard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - N Jacobsen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A S Thykjaer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M S Rønne
- Hans Christian Andersen Children's Hospital, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Bugge
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - E Goldschmidt
- Danish Institute for Myopia Research, Vedbaek, Denmark
| | - T Peto
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Centre for Public Health, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - N Wedderkopp
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, Centre of Research in Childhood Health, Research Unit for Exercise Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,The Orthopedic Department, Institute of Regional Health Services Research, Sport Medicine Clinic, University of Southern Denmark, Middelfart, Denmark
| | - J Grauslund
- Department of Ophthalmology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Abstract
BACKGROUND We sought to determine the effect of multiple walking breaks from sedentary behavior (SED) on glucose responses in sedentary obese women. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten women [aged = 36 (5) y, body mass index = 38.0 (1.6) kg/m2, body fat = 49.6 (1.4)%] completed 3 conditions (48-h "washout" in-between conditions) following a standardized meal in random order: 4-hour SED, 4-hour SED with 2 minutes of moderate-intensity walking every 30 minutes (SED + 2 min), and 4-hour SED with 5 minutes of moderate-intensity walking every 30 minutes (SED + 5 min). Measurements included continuous interstitial glucose concentration monitoring immediately before and during standardized conditions and accelerometry for physical activity patterns during and in-between the standardized conditions. Repeated-measures 1-way analyses of variance (α = .05) with Bonferroni correction for post hoc comparisons were performed. Effect sizes (d [95% confidence interval]) were calculated as mean difference from SED/pooled standard deviation. RESULTS Sedentary time was similar in the 48 hours preceding each condition (P > .05). By design, sedentary time was different between conditions (P < .001). Compared with SED, 2-hour postprandial glucose positive incremental area under the curve was lower for SED + 5 minutes (P = .005; d = - 0.57 [-1.48, 0.40]), but not for SED + 2 minutes (P = .086; d = - 0.71 [-1.63, 0.27]). Four-hour postprandial glucose area under the curve was similar between conditions (P > .05). CONCLUSION In sedentary obese women, 5 minutes of moderate-intensity walking breaks from SED each 30 minutes attenuate 2-hour postprandial glucose excursions.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to examine associations of individual and aggregated screen-based behaviours, and total sitting time, with healthy and unhealthy dietary intakes among adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional study of adolescents. Participants self-reported durations of television viewing, computer use, playing electronic games (e-games), total sitting time, daily servings of fruits and vegetables, and frequency of consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), diet beverages, fast foods and discretionary snacks. Logistic regression models were conducted to identify associations of screen-based behaviours, total screen time and total sitting time with dietary intakes. SETTING Victoria, Australia. SUBJECTS Adolescents (n 939) in School Year 11 (mean age 16·8 years). RESULTS The results showed that watching television (≥2 h/d) was positively associated with consuming SSB and diet beverages each week and consuming discretionary snacks at least once daily, whereas computer use (≥2 h/d) was inversely associated with daily fruit and vegetable intake and positively associated with weekly fast-food consumption. Playing e-games (any) was inversely associated with daily vegetable intake and positively associated with weekly SSB consumption. Total screen (≥2 h/d) and sitting (h/d) times were inversely associated with daily fruit and vegetable consumption, with total screen time also positively associated with daily discretionary snack consumption and weekly consumption of SSB and fast foods. CONCLUSIONS Individual and aggregated screen-based behaviours, as well as total sitting time, are associated with a number of indicators of healthy and unhealthy dietary intake. Future research should explore whether reducing recreational screen time improves adolescents' diets.
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Vähä-Ypyä H, Husu P, Suni J, Vasankari T, Sievänen H. Reliable recognition of lying, sitting, and standing with a hip-worn accelerometer. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 28:1092-1102. [DOI: 10.1111/sms.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - P. Husu
- Ukk-Institute; Tampere Finland
| | - J. Suni
- Ukk-Institute; Tampere Finland
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Kerr J, Crist K, Vital DG, Dillon L, Aden SA, Trivedi M, Castellanos LR, Godbole S, Li H, Allison MA, Khemlina GL, Takemoto ML, Schenk S, Sallis JF, Grace M, Dunstan DW, Natarajan L, LaCroix AZ, Sears DD. Acute glucoregulatory and vascular outcomes of three strategies for interrupting prolonged sitting time in postmenopausal women: A pilot, laboratory-based, randomized, controlled, 4-condition, 4-period crossover trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188544. [PMID: 29190761 PMCID: PMC5708739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Prolonged sitting is associated with cardiometabolic and vascular disease. Despite emerging evidence regarding the acute health benefits of interrupting prolonged sitting time, the effectiveness of different modalities in older adults (who sit the most) is unclear. Methods In preparation for a future randomized controlled trial, we enrolled 10 sedentary, overweight or obese, postmenopausal women (mean age 66 years ±9; mean body mass index 30.6 kg/m2 ±4.2) in a 4-condition, 4-period crossover feasibility pilot study in San Diego to test 3 different sitting interruption modalities designed to improve glucoregulatory and vascular outcomes compared to a prolonged sitting control condition. The interruption modalities included: a) 2 minutes standing every 20 minutes; b) 2 minutes walking every hour; and c) 10 minutes standing every hour. During each 5-hr condition, participants consumed two identical, standardized meals. Blood samples, blood pressure, and heart rate were collected every 30 minutes. Endothelial function of the superficial femoral artery was measured at baseline and end of each 5-hr condition using flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Participants completed each condition on separate days, in randomized order. This feasibility pilot study was not powered to detect statistically significant differences in the various outcomes, however, analytic methods (mixed models) were used to test statistical significance within the small sample size. Results Nine participants completed all 4 study visits, one participant completed 3 study visits and then was lost to follow up. Net incremental area under the curve (iAUC) values for postprandial plasma glucose and insulin during the 5-hr sitting interruption conditions were not significantly different compared to the control condition. Exploratory analyses revealed that the 2-minute standing every 20 minutes and the 2-minute walking every hour conditions were associated with a significantly lower glycemic response to the second meal compared to the first meal (i.e., condition-matched 2-hour post-lunch glucose iAUC was lower than 2-hour post-breakfast glucose iAUC) that withstood Bonferroni correction (p = 0.0024 and p = 0.0084, respectively). Using allometrically scaled data, the 10-minute standing every hour condition resulted in an improved FMD response, which was significantly greater than the control condition after Bonferroni correction (p = 0.0033). Conclusion This study suggests that brief interruptions in prolonged sitting time have modality-specific glucoregulatory and vascular benefits and are feasible in an older adult population. Larger laboratory and real-world intervention studies of pragmatic and effective methods to change sitting habits are needed. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02743286.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Kerr
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Katie Crist
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Daniela G. Vital
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Lindsay Dillon
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Sabrina A. Aden
- San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Minaxi Trivedi
- Center for Clinical Research, Clinical and Translational Research Institute, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Luis R. Castellanos
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Suneeta Godbole
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hongying Li
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Allison
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Galina L. Khemlina
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle L. Takemoto
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - James F. Sallis
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Megan Grace
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W. Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Loki Natarajan
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Andrea Z. LaCroix
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Dorothy D. Sears
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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del Pozo-Cruz B, Gant N, del Pozo-Cruz J, Maddison R. Relationships between sleep duration, physical activity and body mass index in young New Zealanders: An isotemporal substitution analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184472. [PMID: 28898295 PMCID: PMC5595318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The evidence regarding the unique effect of sedentary behaviour on obesity among children is unclear. Moreover, the effect of substituting sedentary behaviour with physical activity of different intensities on the body composition of children has received limited empirical study. OBJECTIVE To examine the mathematical effects on Body Mass Index (BMI) of substituting sedentary behaviours with physical activities of different intensities on children and youth aged 5-14 years old in New Zealand. METHODS Secondary analysis of accelerometer data from the National Survey of Children and Young People's Physical Activity and Dietary Behaviours in New Zealand (2008/09) was conducted. A total of 1812 children and youth aged 5-24 years provided accelerometer-derived data on daily sedentary time (SB), light intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Sleep time was assessed with a validated computerised use-of-time tool. BMI was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Multiple linear regression models were used to examine the independent associations of SB, Sleep time, LPA, and MVPA on BMI. The isotemporal substitution approach was used to ascertain the mathematical effect of substituting each of the other behaviours on BMI. Analyses were stratified by age groups. RESULTS SB showed a unique (inverse) association with BMI across all age groups (p<0.05) but 20-24 years (p>0.05). Similarly, MVPA was positively associated (p<0.001) across all age groups. Among age groups 5-9 years, 10-14 years and 15-19 years, the estimated impact of replacing 60 min/day of SB with the same amount of MVPA time resulted in decreased BMI for all age groups (p<0.001), ranging from -1.26 (5-9 years) to -1.43 units (15-19 years). Similar results were achieved when SB was replaced with LPA or sleeping time for children (5-19 years). In young people (age group 20-24), the impact of replacing 30 min/day of SB with MVPA resulted in an estimated -1 BMI units decrease (p<0.001). CONCLUSION MVPA and SB have a unique effect on BMI. Further, substituting SB with LPA or MVPA was associated with a favourable effect on BMI across all age groups; with MVPA having the strongest association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borja del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand). TAMAKI BUILDING 731 -, Level 3, Tamaki Campus Gate 1,St Johns, Auckland, New Zealand
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas Gant
- Department of Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Auckland (Auckland, New Zealand). TAMAKI BUILDING 731 -, Level 3, Tamaki Campus Gate 1,St Johns, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jesús del Pozo-Cruz
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, University of Seville (Seville, Spain), Pirotecnia s/n, Seville, Spain
| | - Ralph Maddison
- School of Exercise and Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, Deakin University (Geelong, Australia), Burwood, Victoria, Australia
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Cleland V, Squibb K, Stephens L, Dalby J, Timperio A, Winzenberg T, Ball K, Dollman J. Effectiveness of interventions to promote physical activity and/or decrease sedentary behaviour among rural adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2017; 18:727-741. [PMID: 28401687 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Physical inactivity and overweight and obesity are more prevalent among rural than urban populations. This study aimed to review published evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity (PA) and/or decrease sedentary behaviour (SB) among rural adults and to identify factors associated with effectiveness. Seven electronic databases were searched for controlled trials of a PA or SB intervention. Meta-analysis was conducted using random effects models and meta-regression. Thirteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis (n = 4,848 participants) and 12 in the meta-analysis (n = 4,820). All studies were interventions to increase PA. Overall, there was no effect on PA (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.11; 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.04, 0.25) or SB (SMD 0.07; 95% CI -0.33, 0.20). In PA subgroup analyses, studies employing objective outcome measures demonstrated effects in favour of the intervention (SMD 0.65, 95% CI 0.30, 1.00), while those using self-reported measures did not (SMD 0.00; 95% CI -0.11, 0.10). This review highlights significant gaps in our understanding of how best to promote PA and reduce SB among rural adults. Future studies should use objective measures of PA as study outcomes. The absence of interventions to decrease SB is of concern, with immediate action required to address this large knowledge gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Cleland
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - K Squibb
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - L Stephens
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Dalby
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - A Timperio
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - K Ball
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Dollman
- School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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Grace MS, Dempsey PC, Sethi P, Mundra PA, Mellett NA, Weir JM, Owen N, Dunstan DW, Meikle PJ, Kingwell BA. Breaking Up Prolonged Sitting Alters the Postprandial Plasma Lipidomic Profile of Adults With Type 2 Diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:1991-1999. [PMID: 28323950 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-3926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Context Postprandial dysmetabolism in type 2 diabetes (T2D) is exacerbated by prolonged sitting and may trigger inflammation and oxidative stress. It is unknown what impact countermeasures to prolonged sitting have on the postprandial lipidome. Objective In this study, we investigated the effects of regular interruptions to sitting, compared with prolonged sitting, on the postprandial plasma lipidome. Design Randomized crossover experimental trial. Setting Participants underwent three 7-hour conditions: uninterrupted sitting (SIT); light-intensity walking interruptions (LW); and simple resistance activity interruptions (SRA). Participants and Samples Baseline (fasting) and 7-hour (postprandial) plasma samples from 21 inactive overweight/obese adults with T2D were analyzed for 338 lipid species using mass spectrometry. Main Outcome Measures Using mixed model analysis (controlling for baseline outcome variable, gender, body mass index, and condition order), the percentage change in lipid species (baseline to 7 hours) was compared between conditions with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. Results Thirty-seven lipids were different between conditions (P < 0.05). Compared with SIT, postprandial elevations in diacylglycerols, triacylglycerols, and phosphatidylethanolamines were attenuated in LW and SRA. Plasmalogens and lysoalkylphosphatidylcholines were reduced in SIT, compared with attenuated reductions or elevations in LW and SRA. Phosphatidylserines were elevated with LW, compared with reductions in SIT and SRA. Conclusion Compared with SIT, LW and SRA were associated with reductions in lipids associated with inflammation; increased concentrations of lipids associated with antioxidant capacity; and differential changes in species associated with platelet activation. Acutely interrupting prolonged sitting time may impart beneficial effects on the postprandial plasma lipidome of adults with T2D. Evidence on longer-term intervention is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan S Grace
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - Parneet Sethi
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | | | - Natalie A Mellett
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Jacquelyn M Weir
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Peter J Meikle
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Sedentary behavior as a risk factor for cognitive decline? A focus on the influence of glycemic control in brain health. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (NEW YORK, N. Y.) 2017; 3:291-300. [PMID: 29067335 PMCID: PMC5651418 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive decline leading to dementia represents a global health burden. In the absence of targeted pharmacotherapy, lifestyle approaches remain the best option for slowing the onset of dementia. However, older adults spend very little time doing moderate to vigorous exercise and spend a majority of time in sedentary behavior. Sedentary behavior has been linked to poor glycemic control and increased risk of all-cause mortality. Here, we explore a potential link between sedentary behavior and brain health. We highlight the role of glycemic control in maintaining brain function and suggest that reducing and replacing sedentary behavior with intermittent light-intensity physical activity may protect against cognitive decline by reducing glycemic variability. Given that older adults find it difficult to achieve current exercise recommendations, this may be an additional practical strategy. However, more research is needed to understand the impact of poor glycemic control on brain function and whether practical interventions aimed at reducing and replacing sedentary behavior with intermittent light intensity physical activity can help slow cognitive decline.
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Lim MS, Park B, Kong IG, Sim S, Kim SY, Kim JH, Choi HG. Leisure sedentary time is differentially associated with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia depending on occupation. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:278. [PMID: 28335768 PMCID: PMC5364658 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4192-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behavior is considered an independent cause of cardio-metabolic diseases, regardless of physical activity level and obesity. Few studies have reported the association between leisure sedentary time and cardio-vascular diseases in terms of occupation. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using data from the Korean Community Health Survey (KCHS) for 240,086 participants assessed in 2011 and 2013. Occupation was categorized into four groups: farmer or fisherman, laborer, and soldier (Group I); service worker, salesperson, technician, mechanic, production worker, and engineer (Group II); manager, expert, specialist, and clerk (Group III); and unemployed (Group IV). Leisure sedentary time was divided into five groups: 0 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, and 4+ h. The association between leisure sedentary time on weekdays and hypertension/diabetes mellitus/hyperlipidemia for different occupations was analyzed using simple and multiple logistic regression analyses with complex sampling. Results In Groups I, II and III, no length of sedentary time was associated with hypertension, and only 3 h or 4+ h of sedentary time was associated with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. Group IV showed a significant association with hypertension and diabetes mellitus for the 2 h, 3 h, and 4+ h sedentary times. Conclusions The unemployed are more susceptible than other occupation groups to cardio-metabolic diseases when leisure time is sedentary. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-017-4192-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Sup Lim
- Department of General Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Bumjung Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Il Gyu Kong
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea
| | - Songyong Sim
- Department of Statistics, Hallym University, 1, Hallym-ro, Chunchon-si, Kwangwon-do, 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Bundang Cha Hospital, 59, Yatop-ro, Bundang-gu, Gyeonggi-do, 13496, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Hwan Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, 1, Shingil-ro, Youngdongpo-gu, Seoul, 07441, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo Geun Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, 22, Gwanpyeong-ro 170, Dongan-gu, Anyang-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14068, Republic of Korea.
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Examining sedentary time as a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases and their markers in South Asian adults: a systematic review. Int J Public Health 2017; 62:503-515. [PMID: 28299392 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-0947-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to systematically review the literature to determine whether sedentary time was associated with cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors among South Asian adults. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched to identify all studies that examined the association between sedentary time and cardiometabolic diseases (e.g., diabetes, cardiovascular disease) and their risk factors [e.g., body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), lipids, blood pressure (BP), glucose] among South Asian adults. Two independent reviewers performed abstract/full-text screening, data abstraction, and quality assessments. RESULTS Searching identified 1757 potential articles; 22 were used in the analysis. Greater sedentary time was associated with an increased likelihood of diabetes (n = 5), higher BMI (n = 13), WC (n = 3), BP (n = 2), and glucose (n = 4). Thirteen out of 22 studies were of higher quality. CONCLUSION Results identified a trend whereby greater sedentary time was associated with an increased risk for diabetes, and several other cardiometabolic risk factors among South Asian adults. High quality studies are needed to identify whether risk factors are independent of physical activity levels to inform culturally-specific interventions for South Asians.
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Dempsey PC, Blankenship JM, Larsen RN, Sacre JW, Sethi P, Straznicky NE, Cohen ND, Cerin E, Lambert GW, Owen N, Kingwell BA, Dunstan DW. Interrupting prolonged sitting in type 2 diabetes: nocturnal persistence of improved glycaemic control. Diabetologia 2017; 60:499-507. [PMID: 27942799 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We aimed to examine the effect of interrupting 7 h prolonged sitting with brief bouts of walking or resistance activities on 22 h glucose homeostasis (including nocturnal-to-following morning hyperglycaemia) in adults with type 2 diabetes. METHODS This study is an extension of a previously published randomised crossover trial, which included 24 inactive overweight/obese adults with type 2 diabetes (14 men; 62 ± 6 years) who completed three 7 h laboratory conditions, separated by 6-14 day washout periods: SIT: (1) prolonged sitting (control); (2) light-intensity walking (LW): sitting plus 3 min bouts of light-intensity walking at 3.2 km/h every 30 min; (3) simple resistance activities (SRA): sitting plus 3 min bouts of simple resistance activities (alternating half-squats, calf raises, brief gluteal contractions and knee raises) every 30 min. In the present study, continuous glucose monitoring was performed for 22 h, encompassing the 7 h laboratory trial, the evening free-living period after leaving the laboratory and sleeping periods. Meals and meal times were standardised across conditions for all participants. RESULTS Compared with SIT, both LW and SRA reduced 22 h glucose [SIT: 11.6 ± 0.3 mmol/l, LW: 8.9 ± 0.3 mmol/l, SRA: 8.7 ± 0.3 mmol/l; p < 0.001] and nocturnal mean glucose concentrations [SIT: 10.6 ± 0.4 mmol/l, LW: 8.1 ± 0.4 mmol/l, SRA: 8.3 ± 0.4 mmol/l; p < 0.001]. Furthermore, mean glucose concentrations were sustained nocturnally at a lower level until the morning following the intervention for both LW and SRA (waking glucose both -2.7 ± 0.4 mmol/l compared with SIT; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Interrupting 7 h prolonged sitting time with either LW or SRA reduced 22 h hyperglycaemia. The glycaemic improvements persisted after these laboratory conditions and nocturnally, until waking the following morning. These findings may have implications for adults with relatively well-controlled type 2 diabetes who engage in prolonged periods of sitting, for example, highly desk-bound workers. TRIAL REGISTRATION anzctr.org.au ACTRN12613000576729 FUNDING: : This research was supported by a National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) project grant (no. 1081734) and the Victorian Government Operational Infrastructure Support scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Robyn N Larsen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Julian W Sacre
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Parneet Sethi
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Nora E Straznicky
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Neale D Cohen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ester Cerin
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China
- Institute for Health and Ageing, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Health Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Road, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Institute of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Sport Science, Exercise and Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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Alberto FP, Nathanael M, Mathew B, Ainsworth BE. Wearable monitors criterion validity for energy expenditure in sedentary and light activities. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2017; 6:103-110. [PMID: 30356569 PMCID: PMC6188929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wearable monitors (WMs) are used to estimate the time spent in sedentary behaviors (SBs) and light-intensity physical activities (LPAs) and their associated energy cost; however, the accuracy of WMs in measuring behaviors on the lower end of the intensity spectrum is unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the validity of 3 WMs (ActiGraph GT3X+; activPAL, and SenseWear 2) in estimating the intensity of SB and LPA in adults as compared with the criterion measure of oxygen uptake (VO2) measured by indirect calorimetry. METHODS Sixteen participants (age: 25.38 ± 8.58 years) wore the ActiGraph GT3X+, activPAL, and SenseWear 2 devices during 7 sedentary-to-light activities. VO2 (mL/kg/min) was estimated by means of a portable gas analyzer, Oxycon Mobile (Carefusion, Yorba Linda, CA, USA). All data were transformed into metabolic equivalents and analyzed using mean percentage error, equivalence plots, Bland-Altman plots, kappa statistics, and sensitivity/specificity. RESULTS Mean percentage error was lowest for the activPAL for SB (14.9%) and LPA (9.3%) compared with other WMs, which were >21.2%. None of the WMs fell within the equivalency range of ±10% of the criterion mean value. Bland-Altman plots revealed narrower levels of agreement with all WMs for SB than for LPA. Kappa statistics were low for all WMs, and sensitivity and specificity varied by WM type. CONCLUSION None of the WMs tested in this study were equivalent with the criterion measure (VO2) in estimating sedentary-to-light activities; however, the activPAL had greater overall accuracy in measuring SB and LPA than did the ActiGraph and SenseWear 2 monitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florez-Pregonero Alberto
- Departamento de Formación, Facultad de Educación, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Distrito Capital 11001000, Colombia
| | - Meckes Nathanael
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, School of Behavioral and Applied Sciences, Azuza Pacific University, Azuza, CA 91702, USA
| | - Buman Mathew
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Barbara E. Ainsworth
- School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Lifestyle behaviours associated with 5-year weight gain in a prospective cohort of Australian adults aged 26-36 years at baseline. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:54. [PMID: 28068968 PMCID: PMC5223543 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3931-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether not meeting common guidelines for lifestyle behaviours is associated with weight gain is uncertain. This study examined whether 5-year weight gain was predicted by not meeting guidelines for: breakfast consumption (eating between 6 and 9 am), takeaway food consumption (<2 times/week), television viewing (<2 h/day) and daily steps (≥10,000 steps/day). Methods One thousand one hundred and fifty-five Australian participants (43% men, 26–36 years) completed questionnaires and wore a pedometer at baseline (2004-06) and follow-up (2009-11). Weight was measured or self-reported, with a correction factor applied. For each behaviour, participants were classified according to whether they met the guideline: consistently met at baseline and follow-up (reference group); not met at baseline but met at follow-up; met at baseline but not met at follow-up; consistently not met at baseline and follow-up. For each behaviour, weight gain was calculated using linear regression. Weight gain by number of guidelines met was also examined. Results Mean 5-year weight gain was 2.0 kg (SD:6.3). Compared to the reference group, additional weight (mean, 95% CI) was gained among those who did not meet the guideline at follow-up, or consistently did not meet the guideline, for breakfast (1.8 kg, 0.7–2.9; 1.5 kg, 0.1–2.8); takeaway food (2.2 kg, 0.7–3.6; 1.9 kg, 0.7–3.1); watching television (1.9 kg, 0.9–2.9; 1.4 kg, 0.4–2.3); and daily steps (2.6 kg, 1.1–4.04; 1.6 kg, 0.5–2.7). Those who met ≤1 guideline at follow-up gained 3.8 kg (95% CI 2.3–5.3) more than those meeting all guidelines. Conclusion Individuals who adopted healthier behaviours between baseline and follow-up had similar weight gain to those who met the guidelines at both time points. Encouraging young adults to meet these simple guidelines may reduce weight gain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3931-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Chang SH, Chang YY. Sitting-Time and Exercise Predict Depressive Symptoms Among Taiwanese Middle-Aged Adults. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2017; 23:279-287. [PMID: 28398832 DOI: 10.1177/1078390317704043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise and sitting-time may influence depressive symptoms. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between sitting-time, exercise, and depressive symptoms among middle-aged adults. DESIGN Data from community-based physical examinations between 2013 and 2014 in northern Taiwan were used for this cross-sectional study. We collected demographic data and data on exercise behaviours, sitting-time, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS A total of 655 participants completed this survey. Of these, 21.2% had depressive symptoms, 33.7% had regular exercise habits, and 24.1% reported a daily average sitting-time of more than 6 hours. Subjects who had regular exercise with lower sitting-time (odds ratio [OR] = 0.49), subjects who had regular exercise with higher sitting-time (OR = 0.55), and subjects who did not have regular exercise with lower sitting-time (OR = 0.34) had less prevalence of depressive symptoms compared to subjects without regular exercise and with higher sitting-time. CONCLUSIONS Middle-aged adults must exercise regularly and reduce sitting-time to prevent depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hung Chang
- 1 Shu-Hung Chang, RN, PhD, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan ROC; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, Taiwan ROC
| | - Yi-Ya Chang
- 2 Yi-Ya Chang, RN, PhD, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan ROC; National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan ROC
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Moritz CEJ, Teixeira BC, Rockenbach L, Reischak-Oliveira A, Casali EA, Battastini AMO. Altered extracellular ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis in blood serum of sedentary individuals after an acute, aerobic, moderate exercise session. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 426:55-63. [PMID: 27854073 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2880-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotidases participate in the regulation of physiological and pathological events, such as inflammation and coagulation. Exercise promotes distinct adaptations, and can influence purinergic signaling. In the present study, we investigated soluble nucleotidase activities in the blood serum of sedentary young male adults at pre- and post-acute moderate aerobic exercise. In addition, we evaluated how this kind of exercise could influence adenine nucleotide concentrations in the blood serum. Sedentary individuals were submitted to moderate aerobic exercise on a treadmill; blood samples were collected pre- and post-exercise, and serum was separated for analysis. Results showed increases in ATP, ADP, and AMP hydrolysis post-exercise, compared to pre-exercise values. The ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase was also evaluated, showing an increased activity post-exercise, compared to pre-exercise. Purine levels were analyzed by HPLC in the blood serum, pre- and post-exercise. Decreased levels of ATP and ADP were found post-exercise, in contrast with pre-exercise values. Conversely, post-exercise levels of adenosine and inosine increased compared to pre-exercise levels. Our results indicate an influence of acute exercise on ATP metabolism, modifying enzymatic behavior to promote a protective biological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Eduardo Jacintho Moritz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruno Costa Teixeira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Universidade Federado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Regional Integrada do Alto Uruguai e das Missões, São Luiz Gonzaga, RS, Brazil
| | - Liliana Rockenbach
- Progama de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Reischak-Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência do Movimento Humano, Escola de Educação Física, Universidade Federado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emerson André Casali
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Oliveira Battastini
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina: Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Progama de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2600 - Anexo, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.
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Bergouignan A, Legget KT, De Jong N, Kealey E, Nikolovski J, Groppel JL, Jordan C, O'Day R, Hill JO, Bessesen DH. Effect of frequent interruptions of prolonged sitting on self-perceived levels of energy, mood, food cravings and cognitive function. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2016; 13:113. [PMID: 27809874 PMCID: PMC5094084 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-016-0437-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background While physical activity has been shown to improve cognitive performance and well-being, office workers are essentially sedentary. We compared the effects of physical activity performed as (i) one bout in the morning or (ii) as microbouts spread out across the day to (iii) a day spent sitting, on mood and energy levels and cognitive function. Methods In a randomized crossover trial, 30 sedentary adults completed each of three conditions: 6 h of uninterrupted sitting (SIT), SIT plus 30 min of moderate-intensity treadmill walking in the morning (ONE), and SIT plus six hourly 5-min microbouts of moderate-intensity treadmill walking (MICRO). Self-perceived energy, mood, and appetite were assessed with visual analog scales. Vigor and fatigue were assessed with the Profile of Mood State questionnaire. Cognitive function was measured using a flanker task and the Comprehensive Trail Making Test. Intervention effects were tested using linear mixed models. Results Both ONE and MICRO increased self-perceived energy and vigor compared to SIT (p < 0.05 for all). MICRO, but not ONE, improved mood, decreased levels of fatigue and reduced food cravings at the end of the day compared to SIT (p < 0.05 for all). Cognitive function was not significantly affected by condition. Conclusions In addition to the beneficial impact of physical activity on levels of energy and vigor, spreading out physical activity throughout the day improved mood, decreased feelings of fatigue and affected appetite. Introducing short bouts of activity during the workday of sedentary office workers is a promising approach to improve overall well-being at work without negatively impacting cognitive performance. Trial registration NCT02717377, registered 22 March 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Bergouignan
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 East 17th Avenue Mail Stop: 8106, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA. .,Universite de Strasbourg, IPHC, Strasbourg, France. .,CNRS; UMR7178, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Kristina T Legget
- Department of Psychiatry, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Nathan De Jong
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Elizabeth Kealey
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Jack L Groppel
- Johnson & Johnson Human Performance Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Chris Jordan
- Johnson & Johnson Human Performance Institute, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Raphaela O'Day
- Johnson & Johnson Health and Wellness Solutions, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - James O Hill
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 East 17th Avenue Mail Stop: 8106, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Daniel H Bessesen
- Anschutz Health and Wellness Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 12801 East 17th Avenue Mail Stop: 8106, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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81
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Guenzel N, Houfek J, Watanabe-Galloway S. Adverse Events in Childhood as a Risk Factor for Elevated BMI among People with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2016; 37:829-838. [PMID: 27681707 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2016.1224281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Diseases of obesity have become a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Childhood adversity has been associated with adult obesity in the general public, but has not been examined among people with mental illness. This study used a secondary analysis to examine childhood adversity and body mass index in people with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Among females, a history of physical abuse from parents or paternal emotional neglect was associated with an increased risk for obesity (OR = 3.34 and 2.44, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Guenzel
- a University of Nebraska Medical Center , College of Nursing , Lincoln , Nebraska , USA
| | - Julia Houfek
- b University of Nebraska Medical Center , College of Nursing , Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , Nebraska , USA
| | - Shinobu Watanabe-Galloway
- c University of Nebraska Medical Center, College of Public Health , Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha , Nebraska , USA
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82
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Dempsey PC, Owen N, Yates TE, Kingwell BA, Dunstan DW. Sitting Less and Moving More: Improved Glycaemic Control for Type 2 Diabetes Prevention and Management. Curr Diab Rep 2016; 16:114. [PMID: 27699700 DOI: 10.1007/s11892-016-0797-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence indicates that excessive time spent in sedentary behaviours (too much sitting) is associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Here, we highlight findings of experimental studies corroborating and extending the epidemiological evidence and showing the potential benefits for T2D of reducing and breaking up sitting time across the whole day. We also discuss future research opportunities and consider emerging implications for T2D prevention and management. This new evidence is stimulating an expansion of diabetes-related physical activity guidelines-suggesting that in addition to moderate-vigorous physical activity, reducing and regularly interrupting prolonged sitting time is likely to have important and varied benefits across the spectrum of diabetes risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy C Dempsey
- Physical Activity, Behavioural Epidemiology, and Metabolic & Vascular Physiology Laboratories, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia.
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Neville Owen
- Physical Activity, Behavioural Epidemiology, and Metabolic & Vascular Physiology Laboratories, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas E Yates
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester-Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
| | - Bronwyn A Kingwell
- Physical Activity, Behavioural Epidemiology, and Metabolic & Vascular Physiology Laboratories, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - David W Dunstan
- Physical Activity, Behavioural Epidemiology, and Metabolic & Vascular Physiology Laboratories, Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Level 4, 99 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Australia
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83
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Colberg SR, Sigal RJ, Yardley JE, Riddell MC, Dunstan DW, Dempsey PC, Horton ES, Castorino K, Tate DF. Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes: A Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:2065-2079. [PMID: 27926890 PMCID: PMC6908414 DOI: 10.2337/dc16-1728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1397] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheri R Colberg
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- Departments of Medicine, Cardiac Sciences, and Community Health Sciences, Faculties of Medicine and Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jane E Yardley
- Department of Social Sciences, Augustana Campus, University of Alberta, Camrose, Alberta, Canada
| | - Michael C Riddell
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker IDI Heart & Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward S Horton
- Harvard Medical School and Joslin Diabetes Center, Boston, MA
| | | | - Deborah F Tate
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
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84
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Siah KTH, Wong RK, Chan YH, Ho KY, Gwee KA. Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Singapore and Its Association with Dietary, Lifestyle, and Environmental Factors. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 22:670-676. [PMID: 26951047 PMCID: PMC5056577 DOI: 10.5056/jnm15148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims The prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has risen considerably over the past decade in Singapore. We aim to explore the contribution of changes in diet, lifestyle and habits that may contribute to the increased prevalence and development of IBS. Methods This is a survey-based cross-sectional population study aimed to gather demographic, socio-economical, lifestyle, dietary, antibiotic usage and other related information. Subjects were adult male or female Singaporeans aged 21 years or above. Association of the factors gathered with the presence or absence of IBS (by Rome III criteria) was assessed using chi-square or Fisher's exact test. Variables with a level of statistical significance of 0.1 or less in the univariate analysis were entered into a stepwise logistic regression model. Results A total of 297 subjects participated in the study (female 60.3%). Overall, 20.9% subjects fulfilled the Rome III IBS criteria. Univariate analysis showed that IBS was associated with pet ownership, antibiotic usage, late dinner, (> 9 PM) and consumption of Western meals, coffee, and bread. The multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that IBS was independently associated with being a pet owner (P = 0.008; OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.278-5.037). Conclusions The prevalence of IBS was 20.9% using the Rome III criteria in our study. The association between IBS and pet ownership will need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewin T H Siah
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Reuben K Wong
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yiong H Chan
- Biostatistics Unit, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUHS, Singapore
| | - Khek Y Ho
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kok-Ann Gwee
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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85
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Júdice PB, Hamilton MT, Sardinha LB, Zderic TW, Silva AM. What is the metabolic and energy cost of sitting, standing and sit/stand transitions? Eur J Appl Physiol 2016; 116:263-73. [PMID: 26467968 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-015-3279-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Modern lifestyles require people to spend prolonged periods of sitting, and public health messages recommend replacing sitting with as much standing as is feasible. The metabolic/energy cost (MEC) of sitting and standing is poorly understood, and MEC associated with a transition from sitting to standing has not been reported. Thus, we carefully quantified the MEC for sitting, standing and sit/stand transitions, adjusting for age and fat-free mass (FFM) in a sample of adults with no known disease. METHODS Participants (N = 50; 25 women), 20–64 years, randomly performed three conditions for 10 min each (sitting, standing, 1 sit/stand transition min(−1) and then sitting back down). MEC was measured by indirect calorimetry and FFM by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS V̇O2 (ml kg(−1) min(−1)) for sitting (2.93 ± 0.61; 2.87 ± 0.37 in men and women respectively), standing (3.16 ± 0.63; 3.03 ± 0.40), and steady-state cost of repeated sit/stand transitions (1 min(−1)) (3.86 ± 0.75; 3.79 ± 0.57) were significantly different regardless of sex and weight (p < 0.001). EE (kcal min(−1)) also differed from sitting (1.14 ± 0.18; 0.88 ± 0.11), to standing (1.23 ± 0.19; 0.92 ± 0.13), and sit/stand transitions (1 min(−1)) (1.49 ± 0.25; 1.16 ± 0.16). Heart-rate increased from sitting to standing (~13 bpm; p < 0.001). Neither sex nor FFM influenced the results (p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study found in a sample of adults with no known disease that continuous standing raised MEC 0.07 kcal min(−1) above normal sitting. The transition from sitting to standing (and return to sitting) had a metabolic cost of 0.32 kcal min(−1) above sitting. Therefore, public health messages recommending to interrupt sitting frequently should be informed of the modest energetic costs regardless of sex and body composition.
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86
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Husu P, Suni J, Vähä-Ypyä H, Sievänen H, Tokola K, Valkeinen H, Mäki-Opas T, Vasankari T. Objectively measured sedentary behavior and physical activity in a sample of Finnish adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:920. [PMID: 27586887 PMCID: PMC5009485 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3591-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity (PA) confers many positive effects on health and well-being. Sedentary behavior (SB), in turn, is a risk factor for health, regardless of the level of moderate to vigorous PA. The present study describes the levels of objectively measured SB, breaks in SB, standing still and PA among Finnish adults. Methods This cross-sectional analysis is based on the sub-sample of the population-based Health 2011 Study of Finnish adults. The study population consisted of 18-to-85-year old men and women who wore a waist-worn triaxial accelerometer (Hookie AM 20) for at least 4 days, for at least 10 h per day (n = 1587) during a week. PA and SB were objectively assessed from the raw accelerometric data using novel processing and analysis algorithms with mean amplitude deviation as the processing method. The data was statistically analyzed using cross-tabulations, analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. Results The participants were on average 52 years old, 57 % being women. Participants were sedentary 59 % of their waking wear time, mainly sitting. They spent 17 % of the time standing still, 15 % in light intensity PA, 9 % in moderate PA and less than 1 % in vigorous PA. Participants aged 30–39 years had the highest number of breaks in SB per day. Younger participants (<30 years of age) had more moderate and vigorous PA than older ones (≥60 years of age), and 30–60-year-olds had the greatest amount of light PA. Conclusions Participants spent nearly 60 % of their waking time sedentary, and the majority of their daily PA was light. From a public health perspective it is important to find effective ways to decrease SB as well as to increase the level of PA. Our analysis method of raw accelerometer data may allow more precise assessment of dose-response relationships between objectively measured PA and SB and various indicators of health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauliina Husu
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Jaana Suni
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kari Tokola
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Valkeinen
- Department of Welfare, The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomi Mäki-Opas
- Department of Health, The National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
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87
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Zhu W, Chi A, Sun Y. Physical activity among older Chinese adults living in urban and rural areas: A review. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2016; 5:281-286. [PMID: 30356525 PMCID: PMC6188614 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
With an increase in rural-to-urban migration, a rapidly aging population, and the rising risk of developing noncommunicable diseases in China, it is important to understand the epidemiology of physical activity (PA) and health in the context of disease prevention and population health. Despite its public health importance, there is a significant lack of knowledge about PA in older Chinese adults that may hamper primary prevention efforts of health promotion in an increasingly aging population. To fill this gap, this article presents a narrative review of PA in the older Chinese adult population with a special focus on residential settings (i.e., urban and rural). Using existing studies, the review examines overall PA patterns and their correlates and discusses public health implications and future research. Although there are some preliminary indications of urban and rural differences in PA in the aging population in China, continued research efforts are needed to facilitate primary prevention efforts aimed at reducing noncommunicable diseases and promoting an active lifestyle among the largest population of older people in the world.
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88
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HEALY GENEVIEVEN, EAKIN ELIZABETHG, OWEN NEVILLE, LAMONTAGNE ANTHONYD, MOODIE MARJ, WINKLER ELISABETHAH, FJELDSOE BRIANNAS, WIESNER GLEN, WILLENBERG LISA, DUNSTAN DAVIDW. A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Reduce Office Workers’ Sitting Time. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 48:1787-97. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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89
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Hernández-Vicente A, Santos-Lozano A, De Cocker K, Garatachea N. Validation study of Polar V800 accelerometer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2016; 4:278. [PMID: 27570772 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.07.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correct quantification of physical activity (PA) and energy expenditure (EE) in daily life is an important target for researchers and professionals. The objective of this paper is to study the validity of the Polar V800 for the quantification of PA and the estimation of EE against the ActiGraph (ActiTrainer) in healthy young adults. METHODS Eighteen Caucasian active people (50% women) aged between 19-23 years wore an ActiTrainer on the right hip and a Polar V800 on the preferred wrist during 7 days. Paired samples t-tests were used to analyze differences in outcomes between devices, and Pearson's correlation coefficients to examine the correlation between outcomes. The agreement was studied using the Bland-Altman method. Also, the association between the difference and the magnitude of the measurement (heteroscedasticity) was examined. Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC value) were calculated to evaluate the ability of the devices to accurately define a person who fulfills the recommendation of 10,000 daily steps. RESULTS The devices significantly differed from each other on all outcomes (P<0.05), except for Polar V800's alerts vs. ActiTrainer's 1 hour sedentary bouts (P=0.595) and Polar V800's walking time vs. ActiTrainer's lifestyle time (P=0.484). Heteroscedasticity analyses were significant for all outcomes, except for Kcal and sitting time. The ROC-AUC value was fair (0.781±0.048) and the sensitivity and specificity was 98% and 58%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Polar V800 accelerometer has a comparable validity to the accelerometer in free-living conditions, regarding "1 hour sedentary bouts" and "V800's walking time vs. ActiTrainer's lifestyle time" in young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandro Santos-Lozano
- GIDFYS, European University Miguel de Cervantes, Valladolid, Spain; ; Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre ("i+12"), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katrien De Cocker
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Nuria Garatachea
- Faculty of Health and Sport Science, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain; ; GENUD, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
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90
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Wennman H, Vasankari T, Borodulin K. Where to Sit? Type of Sitting Matters for the Framingham Cardiovascular Risk Score. AIMS Public Health 2016; 3:577-591. [PMID: 29546184 PMCID: PMC5689818 DOI: 10.3934/publichealth.2016.3.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current evidence on associations of type-specific sedentary behavior with cardiovascular disease (CVD) is limited to mainly screen-time sedentary behavior (SB). We aimed to study the associations of type-specific and total time spent sitting with the Framingham 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score (Framingham score) in Finnish adults. Methods Data comprise the National FINRISK 2007 and 2012 health examination surveys with 10,185 participants aged 25–74 years, apparently free of CVD. Participants reported average daily time spent sitting in different locations: work-related sitting, at home in front of television (TV), at home in front of computer, in a vehicle, and elsewhere. Total SB time was calculated from these context-specific self-reports. Accelerometer-based sedentary time was assessed in 988 FINRISK 2012 participants. Framingham score was calculated using information on blood pressure and its medication, cholesterol levels, age, diabetes status, and smoking. Analyses were adjusted for age, study year, education, employment status, leisure time physical activity, and body mass index. Results Out of several type-specific sitting behaviors, only TV sitting showed systematic associations with the Framingham score in both genders. The lowest Framingham risk was found for TV sitting from 6 minutes to less than 1 hour daily. Of other types of sitting, computer sitting was inversely associated with the Framingham risk in men only. Total self-reported sitting time did not show significant associations with the Framingham score, but instead higher objectively assessed sedentary time showed higher Framingham risk in men. Conclusions TV sitting showed most systematic associations with CVD risk score. This suggests that of all types of SB, reducing TV sitting should be targeted for reducing CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heini Wennman
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- UKK-Institute for Research and Health Promotion, PO Box 30, FI-33501 Tampere, Finland
| | - Katja Borodulin
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, PO Box 30, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland
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91
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Biddle SJH, Bennie JA, Bauman AE, Chau JY, Dunstan D, Owen N, Stamatakis E, van Uffelen JGZ. Too much sitting and all-cause mortality: is there a causal link? BMC Public Health 2016; 16:635. [PMID: 27456959 PMCID: PMC4960753 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3307-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedentary behaviours (time spent sitting, with low energy expenditure) are associated with deleterious health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. Whether this association can be considered causal has yet to be established. Using systematic reviews and primary studies from those reviews, we drew upon Bradford Hill’s criteria to consider the likelihood that sedentary behaviour in epidemiological studies is likely to be causally related to all-cause (premature) mortality. Methods Searches for systematic reviews on sedentary behaviours and all-cause mortality yielded 386 records which, when judged against eligibility criteria, left eight reviews (addressing 17 primary studies) for analysis. Exposure measures included self-reported total sitting time, TV viewing time, and screen time. Studies included comparisons of a low-sedentary reference group with several higher sedentary categories, or compared the highest versus lowest sedentary behaviour groups. We employed four Bradford Hill criteria: strength of association, consistency, temporality, and dose–response. Evidence supporting causality at the level of each systematic review and primary study was judged using a traffic light system depicting green for causal evidence, amber for mixed or inconclusive evidence, and red for no evidence for causality (either evidence of no effect or no evidence reported). Results The eight systematic reviews showed evidence for consistency (7 green) and temporality (6 green), and some evidence for strength of association (4 green). There was no evidence for a dose–response relationship (5 red). Five reviews were rated green overall. Twelve (67 %) of the primary studies were rated green, with evidence for strength and temporality. Conclusions There is reasonable evidence for a likely causal relationship between sedentary behaviour and all-cause mortality based on the epidemiological criteria of strength of association, consistency of effect, and temporality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3307-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J H Biddle
- Active Living & Public Health, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Footscray Park, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia. .,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Jason A Bennie
- Active Living & Public Health, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Footscray Park, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia
| | | | | | - David Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,The Australian Catholic University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,University College London, London, UK
| | - Jannique G Z van Uffelen
- Active Living & Public Health, Institute of Sport, Exercise & Active Living (ISEAL), Victoria University, Footscray Park, Melbourne, VIC, 8001, Australia.,Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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92
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Ghesmaty Sangachin M, Gustafson WW, Cavuoto LA. Effect of Active Workstation Use on Workload, Task Performance, and Postural and Physiological Responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/21577323.2016.1184196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahboobeh Ghesmaty Sangachin
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 324 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Woodrow W. Gustafson
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 324 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Lora A. Cavuoto
- Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 324 Bell Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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Dempsey PC, Larsen RN, Sethi P, Sacre JW, Straznicky NE, Cohen ND, Cerin E, Lambert GW, Owen N, Kingwell BA, Dunstan DW. Benefits for Type 2 Diabetes of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting With Brief Bouts of Light Walking or Simple Resistance Activities. Diabetes Care 2016; 39:964-72. [PMID: 27208318 DOI: 10.2337/dc15-2336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether interrupting prolonged sitting with brief bouts of light-intensity walking (LW) or simple resistance activities (SRA) improves postprandial cardiometabolic risk markers in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2D). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In a randomized crossover trial, 24 inactive overweight/obese adults with T2D (14 men 62 ± 6 years old) underwent the following 8-h conditions on three separate days (with 6-14 days washout): uninterrupted sitting (control) (SIT), sitting plus 3-min bouts of LW (3.2 km · h(-1)) every 30 min, and sitting plus 3-min bouts of SRA (half-squats, calf raises, gluteal contractions, and knee raises) every 30 min. Standardized meals were consumed during each condition. Incremental areas under the curve (iAUCs) for glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and triglycerides were compared between conditions. RESULTS Compared with SIT, both activity-break conditions significantly attenuated iAUCs for glucose (SIT mean 24.2 mmol · h · L(-1) [95% CI 20.4-28.0] vs. LW 14.8 [11.0-18.6] and SRA 14.7 [10.9-18.5]), insulin (SIT 3,293 pmol · h · L(-1) [2,887-3,700] vs. LW 2,104 [1,696-2,511] and SRA 2,066 [1,660-2,473]), and C-peptide (SIT 15,641 pmol · h · L(-1) [14,353-16,929] vs. LW 11,504 [10,209-12,799] and SRA 11,012 [9,723-12,301]) (all P < 0.001). The iAUC for triglycerides was significantly attenuated for SRA (P < 0.001) but not for LW (SIT 4.8 mmol · h · L(-1) [3.6-6.0] vs. LW 4.0 [2.8-5.1] and SRA 2.9 [1.7-4.1]). CONCLUSIONS Interrupting prolonged sitting with brief bouts of LW or SRA attenuates acute postprandial glucose, insulin, C-peptide, and triglyceride responses in adults with T2D. With poor adherence to structured exercise, this approach is potentially beneficial and practical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paddy C Dempsey
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn N Larsen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Parneet Sethi
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian W Sacre
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nora E Straznicky
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neale D Cohen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ester Cerin
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gavin W Lambert
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neville Owen
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - David W Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Centre of Physical Activity and Nutrition Research, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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94
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Myers A, Gibbons C, Finlayson G, Blundell J. Associations among sedentary and active behaviours, body fat and appetite dysregulation: investigating the myth of physical inactivity and obesity. Br J Sports Med 2016; 51:1540-1544. [PMID: 27044438 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is considerable disagreement about the association between free-living physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviour and obesity. Moreover studies frequently do not include measures that could mediate between PA and adiposity. The present study used a validated instrument for continuous tracking of sedentary and active behaviours as part of habitual daily living, together with measures of energy expenditure, body composition and appetite dysregulation. This cross-sectional study tested the relationship between inactivity and obesity. METHODS 71 participants (81.7% women) aged 37.4 years (±14) with a body mass index of 29.9 kg/m2 (±5.2) were continuously monitored for 6-7 days to track free-living PA (light 1.5-3 metabolic equivalents (METs), moderate 3-6 METs and vigorous >6 METs) and sedentary behaviour (<1.5 METs) with the SenseWear Armband. Additional measures included body composition, waist circumference, cardiovascular fitness, total and resting energy expenditure, and various health markers. Appetite control was assessed by validated eating behaviour questionnaires. RESULTS Sedentary behaviour (11.06±1.72 h/day) was positively correlated with fat mass (r=0.50, p<0.001) and waist circumference (r=-0.65, p<0.001). Moderate-to-vigorous PA was negatively associated with fat mass (r=-0.72, p<0.001) and remained significantly correlated with adiposity after controlling for sedentary behaviour. Activity energy expenditure was positively associated with the level of PA and negatively associated with fat mass. Disinhibition and binge eating behaviours were positively associated with fat mass (r=0.58 and 0.47, respectively, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated clear associations among objective measures of PA (and sedentary behaviour), energy expenditure, adiposity and appetite control. The data indicate strong links between physical inactivity and obesity. This relationship is likely to be bidirectional.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Myers
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Catherine Gibbons
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Graham Finlayson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - John Blundell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Appetite Control and Energy Balance Research, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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95
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Energy Expenditure and Substrate Oxidation in Response to Side-Alternating Whole Body Vibration across Three Commonly-Used Vibration Frequencies. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151552. [PMID: 26974147 PMCID: PMC4790855 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim There is increasing recognition about the importance of enhancing energy expenditure (EE) for weight control through increases in low-intensity physical activities comparable with daily life (1.5–4 METS). Whole-body vibration (WBV) increases EE modestly and could present both a useful adjuvant for obesity management and tool for metabolic phenotyping. However, it is unclear whether a “dose-response” exists between commonly-used vibration frequencies (VF) and EE, nor if WBV influences respiratory quotient (RQ), and hence substrate oxidation. We aimed to investigate the EE-VF and RQ-VF relationships across three different frequencies (30, 40, and 50Hz). Methods EE and RQ were measured in 8 healthy young adults by indirect calorimetry at rest, and subsequently during side-alternating WBV at one of 3 VFs (30, 40, and 50 Hz). Each frequency was assessed over 5 cycles of intermittent WBV (30s vibration/30s rest), separated by 5 min seated rest. During the WBV participants stood on the platform with knees flexed sufficiently to maintain comfort, prevent transmission of vibration to the upper body, and minimise voluntary physical exertion. Repeatability was assessed across 3 separate days in a subset of 4 individuals. In order to assess any sequence/habituation effect, an additional group of 6 men underwent 5 cycles of intermittent WBV (30s vibration/30s rest) at 40 Hz, separated by 5 min seated rest. Results Side-alternating WBV increased EE relative to standing, non-vibration levels (+36%, p<0.001). However, no differences in EE were observed across VFs. Similarly, no effect of VF on RQ was found, nor did WBV alter RQ relative to standing without vibration. Conclusion No relationship could be demonstrated between EE and VF in the range of 30-50Hz, and substrate oxidation did not change in response to WBV. Furthermore, the thermogenic effect of intermittent WBV, whilst robust, was quantitatively small (<2 METS).
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96
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Objectively-measured sedentary time and cardiometabolic health in adults with severe obesity. Prev Med 2016; 84:12-8. [PMID: 26724517 PMCID: PMC4758881 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
It is unknown whether sedentary behavior is independently associated with the cardiometabolic health of adults with severe obesity. Additionally, there is debate regarding how best to derive meaningful indices of sedentary time (ST) from activity monitor data. A convenience sample of adults with severe obesity (N=927; 79% female, median age 45y, median body mass index (BMI) 46kg/m(2)) completed a research assessment at one of ten US hospitals in 2006-2009 prior to bariatric surgery. Cardiometabolic health was assessed via physical measures, fasting blood samples and medication use. Indices of ST were derived from StepWatch™ activity monitor data with minimum bout durations of 1min, 10min and 30min. Cross-sectional associations were examined. Median (25th, 75th percentile) ST was 9.3h/d (8.1, 10.5) in ≥1min bouts, 6.5h/d (5.2, 8.0) in ≥10min bouts, or 3.2h/d (2.1, 4.5) in ≥30min bouts. Associations with ST were generally strongest with the ≥10min bout duration. Independent of moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity, BMI and other potential confounders, 1h/day ST in ≥10min bouts was associated with higher odds of diabetes by 15% (95%CI: 1.05-1.26), metabolic syndrome by 12% (95%CI: 1.01-1.24) and elevated blood pressure by 14% (95%CI: 1.02-1.26), and was associated with 1.4cm (95%CI: 0.9-1.9) larger waist circumference. Findings indicate the importance of considering ST as a distinct health risk among adults with severe obesity, and suggest a 10min minimum duration may be preferable to 1min or 30min for establishing ST from activity monitor data.
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97
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Gilson ND, Ng N, Pavey TG, Ryde GC, Straker L, Brown WJ. Project Energise: Using participatory approaches and real time computer prompts to reduce occupational sitting and increase work time physical activity in office workers. J Sci Med Sport 2016; 19:926-930. [PMID: 26922132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This efficacy study assessed the added impact real time computer prompts had on a participatory approach to reduce occupational sedentary exposure and increase physical activity. DESIGN Quasi-experimental. METHODS 57 Australian office workers (mean [SD]; age=47 [11] years; BMI=28 [5]kg/m2; 46 men) generated a menu of 20 occupational 'sit less and move more' strategies through participatory workshops, and were then tasked with implementing strategies for five months (July-November 2014). During implementation, a sub-sample of workers (n=24) used a chair sensor/software package (Sitting Pad) that gave real time prompts to interrupt desk sitting. Baseline and intervention sedentary behaviour and physical activity (GENEActiv accelerometer; mean work time percentages), and minutes spent sitting at desks (Sitting Pad; mean total time and longest bout) were compared between non-prompt and prompt workers using a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS Workers spent close to three quarters of their work time sedentary, mostly sitting at desks (mean [SD]; total desk sitting time=371 [71]min/day; longest bout spent desk sitting=104 [43]min/day). Intervention effects were four times greater in workers who used real time computer prompts (8% decrease in work time sedentary behaviour and increase in light intensity physical activity; p<0.01). Respective mean differences between baseline and intervention total time spent sitting at desks, and the longest bout spent desk sitting, were 23 and 32min/day lower in prompt than in non-prompt workers (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS In this sample of office workers, real time computer prompts facilitated the impact of a participatory approach on reductions in occupational sedentary exposure, and increases in physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas D Gilson
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| | - Norman Ng
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Toby G Pavey
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Australia
| | - Gemma C Ryde
- School of Health Sciences, University of Stirling, Scotland
| | - Leon Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Curtin University, Australia
| | - Wendy J Brown
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Australia
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98
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Maté-Muñoz JL, Domínguez R, Lougedo JH, Garnacho-Castaño MV. The lactate and ventilatory thresholds in resistance training. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging 2016; 37:518-524. [DOI: 10.1111/cpf.12327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Maté-Muñoz
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences; Alfonso X el Sabio University; Madrid Spain
| | - Raúl Domínguez
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences; Alfonso X el Sabio University; Madrid Spain
| | - Juan H. Lougedo
- Department of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences; Alfonso X el Sabio University; Madrid Spain
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99
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Henson J, Dunstan DW, Davies MJ, Yates T. Sedentary behaviour as a new behavioural target in the prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2016; 32 Suppl 1:213-20. [PMID: 26813615 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.2759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Our modern day society encompasses an ecological niche in which sedentary behaviour, labour-saving devices and energy dense foods have become the new reference of living. We now spend more time sedentary, defined as sitting, than in all other activities combined. It has recently been confirmed that the consequences of our modern chair dependency are substantial and a direct contributing factor to the ever increasing epidemic of chronic diseases witnessed within industrialized environments. Epidemiological evidence--from both cross-sectional and prospective observational studies--has indicated that the time spent in sedentary behaviour is a distinct risk factor for several health outcomes, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality, depression and some types of cancer. Importantly, these detrimental associations remain even after accounting for time spent in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, with the strongest and most persistent associations seen between sedentary time and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Importantly, experimental studies have started to confirm the observational associations, with mounting evidence showing that breaking prolonged sitting time with light ambulation is an effective strategy for improving postprandial glucose regulation. Indeed, there is even emerging evidence showing that simply substituting sitting for standing regularly throughout the day may be of sufficient stimulus to improve glucose regulation. We highlight some of the key definitions, issues and evidence underpinning the link between sedentary behaviour and chronic disease in order to better inform clinicians and patients about the importance of incorporating reduced sitting time into type 2 diabetes mellitus management and prevention pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Henson
- NIHR Leicester - Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - David W Dunstan
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Mary MacKillop Institute of Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melanie J Davies
- NIHR Leicester - Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Thomas Yates
- NIHR Leicester - Loughborough Diet, Lifestyle and Physical Activity Biomedical Research Unit, Leicester, UK
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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100
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Totosy de Zepetnek J, Pelletier C, Hicks A, MacDonald M. The Authors Respond. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2016; 97:174-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2015.10.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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