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Gong Y, Wang Q, Ma S, Ma Y, Meng Q, Zhang Z, Shi J. Short‐time water immersion inhibits browning of fresh‐cut potato by enhancing antioxidant capability and tyrosine scavenging. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China
| | - Su Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China
| | - Yurong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China
| | | | - Zigang Zhang
- Zichuan District Inspection and Test Center Zibo China
| | - Jingying Shi
- Key Laboratory of Food Processing Technology and Quality Control in Shandong Province, College of Food Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai’an China
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Lü XP, Gao HJ, Zhang L, Wang YP, Shao KZ, Zhao Q, Zhang JL. Dynamic responses of Haloxylon ammodendron to various degrees of simulated drought stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2019; 139:121-131. [PMID: 30889477 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2019.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Haloxylon ammodendron, a C4 perennial, succulent and xero-halophytic shrub, is highly resistant to harsh environments, therefore, exploring the stress resistance mechanism will be beneficial for the use of xerophytes to prevent desertification. To determine osmotic adjustment (OA) and antioxidase functions under simulated drought stress, 8-week-old seedlings were treated with sorbitol solutions to maintain osmotic potentials (Ψs) at a control and -0.5 and -1.0 MPa. Under -0.5 MPa osmotic stress, H. ammodendron stably maintained the water content of assimilating branches, a result that was not significantly different from the result of the control group. Moreover, the Ψs decreased significantly, which helped plants absorb water efficiently from the environment, as H. ammodendron accumulated massive osmotic regulators in its assimilating branches to adjust shoot Ψs. Specifically, the contribution of Na+ to shoot Ψs was up to 45%, and Na+ became the main osmotic regulator of OA. During the treatments, the content and contribution of K+ remained stable. However, the total contribution of three organic osmotic regulators (free proline, betaine and soluble sugar) was only 20%, and betaine was the main organic osmotic regulator, accounting for approximately 15% of the 20% contribution. Moreover, H. ammodendron seedlings presented strong antioxidases, especially when there was a high activity level of superoxide dismutase, and with an increase in treatment time and degree of osmotic stress, the activity of peroxidase and catalase increased significantly. Substantial accumulation of osmotic adjustment substances was an important strategy for H. ammodendron to cope with simulated drought stress, in particular, H. ammodendron absorbed much Na+ and transported Na+ into the assimilating branch for OA. The scavenging of reactive oxygen species by antioxidases was another adaptation strategy for H. ammodendron to adapt to simulated drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Pei Lü
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Hui-Juan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Yong-Ping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Kun-Zhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Qi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China
| | - Jin-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems; Key Laboratory of Grassland Livestock Industry Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry, Ministry of Education; College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, PR China.
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Liu YS, Geng JC, Sha XY, Zhao YX, Hu TM, Yang PZ. Effect of Rhizobium Symbiosis on Low-Temperature Tolerance and Antioxidant Response in Alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:538. [PMID: 31114600 PMCID: PMC6503086 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Low temperature-induced stress is a major environmental factor limiting the growth and development of plants. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a legume well known for its tolerance of extreme environments. In this study, we sought to experimentally investigate the role of rhizobium symbiosis in alfalfa's performance under a low-temperature stress condition. To do this, alfalfa "Ladak+" plants carrying active nodules (AN), inactive nodules (IN), or no nodules (NN) were exposed to an imposed low temperature stress and their survivorship calculated. The antioxidant defense responses, the accumulation of osmotic regulation substances, the cell membrane damage, and the expression of low temperature stress-related genes were determined in both the roots and the shoots of alfalfa plants. We found that more plants with AN survived than those with IN or NN under the same low temperature-stress condition. Greater activity of oxidation protective enzymes was observed in the AN and IN groups, conferring higher tolerance to low temperature in these plants. In addition, rhizobia nodulation also enhanced alfalfa's ability to tolerate low temperature by altering the expression of regulatory and metabolism-associated genes, which resulted in the accumulation of soluble proteins and sugars in the nodulated plants. Taken together, the findings of this study indicate that rhizobium inoculation offers a practical way to promote the persistence and growth potential of alfalfa "Ladak+" in cold areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shi Liu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | | | - Xu-Yang Sha
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi-Xin Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Tian-Ming Hu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Pei-Zhi Yang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Shi J, Wang N, Zhou H, Xu Q, Yan G. The role of gibberellin synthase gene
GhGA2ox1
in upland cotton (
Gossypium hirsutum
L.) responses to drought and salt stress. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2019; 66:298-308. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian‐Bin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang People's Republic of China
| | - Qing‐Hua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang People's Republic of China
| | - Gen‐Tu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Anyang People's Republic of China
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Liu A, Xiao Z, Li MW, Wong FL, Yung WS, Ku YS, Wang Q, Wang X, Xie M, Yim AKY, Chan TF, Lam HM. Transcriptomic reprogramming in soybean seedlings under salt stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:98-114. [PMID: 29508916 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
To obtain a comprehensive understanding of transcriptomic reprogramming under salt stress, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing on the leaf and root of soybean seedlings subjected to salt treatment in a time-course experiment (0, 1, 2, 4, 24, and 48 hr). This time series dataset enabled us to identify important hubs and connections of gene expressions. We highlighted the analysis on phytohormone signaling pathways and their possible crosstalks. Differential expressions were also found among those genes involved in carbon and nitrogen metabolism. In general, the salt-treated seedlings slowed down their photosynthetic functions and ramped up sugar catabolism to provide extra energy for survival. Primary nitrogen assimilation was shut down whereas nitrogen resources were redistributed. Overall, the results from the transcriptomic analyses indicate that the plant uses a multipronged approach to overcome salt stress, with both fast-acting, immediate physiological responses, and longer term reactions that may involve metabolic adjustment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Liu
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhixia Xiao
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Man-Wah Li
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Wai-Shing Yung
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yee-Shan Ku
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Qianwen Wang
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Min Xie
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Aldrin Kay-Yuen Yim
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- Centre for Soybean Research, Partner State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Shah S, Thapa BB, Chand K, Pradhan S, Singh A, Varma A, Sen Thakuri L, Joshi P, Pant B. Piriformospora indica promotes the growth of the in-vitro-raised Cymbidium aloifolium plantlet and their acclimatization. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2019; 14:1596716. [PMID: 30990122 PMCID: PMC6546142 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1596716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cymbidium aloifolium is known for its ornamental and medicinal values. It has been listed as threatened orchid species. In this study, in vitro propagated C. aloifolium plantlets were interacted with the Piriformospora indica. The growth assay was performed for 45 days; the plant growth pattern such as number and length of roots and shoots were measured. Microscopic study of the root section stained by trypan blue was done to detect the peloton formation. The methanol extracts of the fungal colonized plant as well as uncolonized (control) plant were prepared and various metabolites were identified by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy. Acclimatization was done in a substrate composition of coco peat: gravel: charcoal in ratio 2:2:1. P. indica-colonized plantlet showed the highest growth with the formation of clamdospore in the root section. The growth regulator such as auxin, ascorbic acid, andrographolide, hexadecanoic acid, and DL-proline were identified. After three months of field transfer, plantlet colonized by P. indica survived and remained healthy as compared to uncolonized control plantlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Shah
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Bir Bhadur Thapa
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Krishna Chand
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shreeti Pradhan
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anjana Singh
- Central Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ajit Varma
- Amity Institute of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Noida, India
| | | | | | - Bijaya Pant
- Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- CONTACT Bijaya Pant Central Department of Botany, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu 2642, Nepal
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57
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Trovato M, Mattioli R, Costantino P. From A. rhizogenes RolD to Plant P5CS: Exploiting Proline to Control Plant Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 7:E108. [PMID: 30563242 PMCID: PMC6313920 DOI: 10.3390/plants7040108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The capability of the soil bacterium Agrobacterium rhizogenes to reprogram plant development and induce adventitious hairy roots relies on the expression of a few root-inducing genes (rol A, B, C and D), which can be transferred from large virulence plasmids into the genome of susceptible plant cells. Contrary to rolA, B and C, which are present in all the virulent strains of A. rhizogenes and control hairy root formation by affecting auxin and cytokinin signalling, rolD appeared non-essential and not associated with plant hormones. Its role remained elusive until it was discovered that it codes for a proline synthesis enzyme. The finding that, in addition to its role in protein synthesis and stress adaptation, proline is also involved in hairy roots induction, disclosed a novel role for this amino acid in plant development. Indeed, from this initial finding, proline was shown to be critically involved in a number of developmental processes, such as floral transition, embryo development, pollen fertility and root elongation. In this review, we present a historical survey on the rol genes focusing on the role of rolD and proline in plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Trovato
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mattioli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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58
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Chun SC, Paramasivan M, Chandrasekaran M. Proline Accumulation Influenced by Osmotic Stress in Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Symbiotic Plants. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2525. [PMID: 30459731 PMCID: PMC6232873 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity and drought are the major osmotic stress limitations that affect plant growth and crop yield in agriculture worldwide. The alternative response mediated by plants in response to salinity and drought are principally proline accumulation which regulates stress combat strategies owing to sustainable production in the realm of agricultural production even under severe stress. Symbiotic and soil associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are regarded as efficient biofertilizers in several crops under these stresses. Summarily AMF is renowned for effective scavengers of free radicals in soil thereby increasing soil parameters optimal for plant growth. AMF contribute to augment host plant tolerance to stress specifically salinity and drought. Mycorrhizal colonization positively regulates root uptake of available nutrients and enhance growth even when bestowed by water constraints which has contributory roles due to proline accumulation providing several intriguing researches on AMF symbiosis pertaining to plant productivity and yield. Mycorrhizal plants and their non-mycorrhizal counterparts show varied expression pattern regarding proline amass. Hence, the precise role of proline with respect to stress tolerance and equivocal mechanisms involved in evasion of osmotic stress has not been extensively reviewed earlier. Further molecular forecasting in this arena is still an underexploited research field. This review comprehensively addresses the observable facts pertaining to proline accumulation upon AMF association and adherence relevant to stress tolerance and host plant efficiency and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Chul Chun
- Department of Bioresource and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Qian W, Xiao B, Wang L, Hao X, Yue C, Cao H, Wang Y, Li N, Yu Y, Zeng J, Yang Y, Wang X. CsINV5, a tea vacuolar invertase gene enhances cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 18:228. [PMID: 30309330 PMCID: PMC6182829 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-018-1456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vacuolar invertases (VINs) have been reported to regulate plant growth and development and respond to abiotic stresses such as drought and cold. With our best knowledge, the functions of VIN genes little have been reported in tea plant (Camellia sinensis L.). Therefore, it is necessary to develop research in this field. RESULTS Here, we identified a VIN gene, CsINV5, which was induced by cold acclimation and sugar treatments in the tea plant. Histochemical assays results showed that the 1154 bp 5'-flanking sequence of CsINV5 drove β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene expression in roots, stems, leaves, flowers and siliques of transgenic Arabidopsis during different developmental stages. Moreover, promoter deletion analysis results revealed that an LTRE-related motif (CCGAAA) and a WBOXHVISO1 motif (TGACT) within the promoter region of CsINV5 were the core cis-elements in response to low temperature and sugar signaling, respectively. In addition, overexpression of CsINV5 in Arabidopsis promoted taproot and lateral root elongation through glucose-mediated effects on auxin signaling. Based on physiological and RNA-seq analysis, we found that overexpression of CsINV5 improved cold tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis mainly by increasing the contents of glucose and fructose, the corresponding ratio of hexose to sucrose, and the transcription of osmotic-stress-related genes (P5CS1, P5CS2, AtLEA3, COR413-PM1 and COR15B) to adjust its osmotic potential. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive experimental results suggest that overexpression of CsINV5 may enhance the cold tolerance of plant through the modification of cellular sugar compounds contents and osmotic regulation related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Qian
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
- College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Bin Xiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinyuan Hao
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan Yue
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & F University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hongli Cao
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Fujian A & F University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuchun Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Nana Li
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Youben Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi China
| | - Jianming Zeng
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yajun Yang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinchao Wang
- National Center for Tea Plant Improvement, Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Biology and Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Hangzhou, China
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60
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Bagues M, Sarabi B, Ghashghaie J, Souli I, Nagaz K. The validity of carbon isotope discrimination as a screening criterion for grain yield in two barley landraces under deficit irrigation with saline water in southern Tunisia. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY (TOKYO, JAPAN) 2018; 35:193-206. [PMID: 31819724 PMCID: PMC6879360 DOI: 10.5511/plantbiotechnology.18.0502a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Arid and semiarid regions with rain shortage and scarce good quality water must make use of low-quality water for irrigation. Consequently, improved plant cultivars for use in these areas should show adaptation capacities to confer drought and salt resistance and allow the cultivation under limited water availabiltiy. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of deficit irrigation with saline water on two local barley landraces, "Karkeni" and "Bengardeni". Plants were saline-irrigated with three watering regimes during tillering, heading, and grain filling stages. Biochemical traits, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C), mineral composition, grain yield (GY) and water use efficiency based on grain yield (WUEgy) were evaluated as performance indicators. Almost all of the studied traits (e.g. soluble carbohydrates, proline, ∆13C, Na concentration, and GY) were significantly affected by deficient saline-irrigation regimes at different growth stages. The hierarchical clustering analysis clearly showed that Δ13C placed very close to GY averaging two barley landraces, which was in accordance with the scatter plot result. Multiple linear regression performed between GY as the dependent variable and other traits studied as the independent variables indicated that WUEgy, Δ13C, and soluble carbohydrates significantly explained the variability in GY (R 2=95.64%). A significant positive correlation that observed between ∆13C and GY at three growth stages, indicated that ∆13C may be an important proxy component for indirect selection of yield potential in barley under deficient irrigation regimes with saline water. According to our result, "Karkeni" seems to be more efficient in terms of higher GY, WUEgy, proline and carbohydrate contents, K, Mg and Zn concentrations, as well as lower Δ13C and lipid peroxidation as compared with "Bengardeni", under low osmotic potential imposed by deficient irrigation treatments with saline water, "Karkeni" can thus be selected and used as a parent in order to obtain more tolerant plants against such stresses in future breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Bagues
- Laboratoire d’Aridocultures et Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine, Route Eljoref km 22.5, 4119 Médenine, Tunisie
| | - Behrooz Sarabi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jaleh Ghashghaie
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie, Systématique et Evolution, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS-UMR8079, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 91400, Orsay, France
| | - Ikbel Souli
- Laboratoire d’Aridocultures et Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine, Route Eljoref km 22.5, 4119 Médenine, Tunisie
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, 2092 El Manar, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Kamel Nagaz
- Laboratoire d’Aridocultures et Cultures Oasiennes, Institut des Régions Arides de Médenine, Route Eljoref km 22.5, 4119 Médenine, Tunisie
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61
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Hasan MMU, Ma F, Prodhan ZH, Li F, Shen H, Chen Y, Wang X. Molecular and Physio-Biochemical Characterization of Cotton Species for Assessing Drought Stress Tolerance. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2636. [PMID: 30200561 PMCID: PMC6163957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought stress significantly limits cotton growth and production due to the necessity of water at every stage of crop growth. Hence, it is essential to identify tolerant genetic resources and understand the mechanisms of drought tolerance in economically and socially important plants such as cotton. In this study, molecular and physio-biochemical investigations were conducted by analyzing different parameters by following standard protocols in three different cotton species, namely TM-1 (Gossypium hirsutum), Zhongmian-16 (Gossypium arboreum), and Pima4-S (Gossypium barbadense). Drought stress significantly decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), and relative water content. TM-1 resulted in more tolerance than the other two species. The accumulation of proline, soluble proteins, soluble sugars, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and superoxide radicals (O₂•-) increased significantly in TM-1. In addition, TM-1 maintained the integrity of the chloroplast structure under drought conditions. The relative expression level of drought-responsive genes including coding for transcription factors and other regulatory proteins or enzymes controlling genes (ERF, ERFB, DREB, WRKY6, ZFP1, FeSOD, CuZnSOD, MAPKKK17, P5CR, and PRP5) were higher in TM-1 under drought, conferring a more tolerant status than in Zhongmian-16 and Pima4-S. The findings of this research could be utilized for predicting a tolerant cotton genotype as well as evaluating prospective cotton species in the variety development program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mosfeq-Ul Hasan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
- Examination Control Section, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur 5200, Bangladesh.
| | - Fanglu Ma
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zakaria Hossain Prodhan
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Feng Li
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Hao Shen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xuede Wang
- Institute of Crop Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Hu G, Liu Y, Duo T, Zhao B, Cui G, Ji J, Kuang X, Ervin EH, Zhang X. Antioxidant metabolism variation associated with alkali-salt tolerance in thirty switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) lines. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0199681. [PMID: 29940015 PMCID: PMC6016911 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil salinization is a major factor limiting crop growth and development in many areas. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is an important warm-season grass species used for biofuel production. The objective of this study was to investigate antioxidant metabolism, proline,and protein variation associated with alkali-salt tolerance among 30 switchgrass lines and identify metabolic markers for evaluating alkali-salt tolerance of switchgrass lines. The grass lines were transplanted into plastic pots containing fine sand. When the plants reached E5 developmental stage, they were subjected to either alkali-salt stress treatment (150 mM Na+ and pH of 9.5) or control (no alkali-salt stress) for 20 d. The 30 switchgrass lines differed in alkali-salt tolerance as determined by the level of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activity [(superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX)], proline and protein. Alkali-salt stress increased MDA, proline, SOD, reduced CAT activity, but its effect on protein and APX varied depending on lines. Wide variations in the five parameters existed among the 30 lines. In general, the lines with higher CAT activity and lower proline content under alkali-salt stress had less MDA, exhibiting better alkali-salt tolerance. Among the five parameters, CAT can be considered as valuable metabolic markers for assessment of switchgrass tolerance to alkali-salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofu Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.,Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Yiming Liu
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America.,Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences (CATAS) / Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Danzhou, P.R. China
| | - Tianqi Duo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Bingyu Zhao
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Guowen Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao Kuang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Erik H Ervin
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, United States of America
| | - Xunzhong Zhang
- Department of Crop and Soil Environmental Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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63
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He H, He LF. Regulation of gaseous signaling molecules on proline metabolism in plants. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2018; 37:387-392. [PMID: 29177845 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-017-2239-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Proline accumulation plays an important role in the response and adaptation of plants to abiotic stress. Gaseous signaling molecules such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are involved in complicated events of cell signaling. However, the regulatory mechanisms of gaseous signaling molecules on proline synthesis and degradation are still unclear. This review summarized the biosynthesis and degradation of proline. The role of gaseous signaling molecules and their cross-talk on proline metabolic regulation in plants was discussed along with the future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huyi He
- Cash Crops Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007, People's Republic of China
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China
| | - Long-Fei He
- College of Agronomy, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, People's Republic of China.
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Yong B, Xie H, Li Z, Li YP, Zhang Y, Nie G, Zhang XQ, Ma X, Huang LK, Yan YH, Peng Y. Exogenous Application of GABA Improves PEG-Induced Drought Tolerance Positively Associated with GABA-Shunt, Polyamines, and Proline Metabolism in White Clover. Front Physiol 2017; 8:1107. [PMID: 29312009 PMCID: PMC5744439 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.01107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to investigate the physiological effects of exogenous γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) on drought tolerance in white clover (Trifolium repens), GABA shunt, polyamines (PAs), and proline (Pro) metabolism were examined after plants pretreated with or without GABA (8 mM) and then exposed to water or 15% PEG-induced drought stress in growth chamber. In this study, exogenous application of GABA effectively alleviated drought-induced damage in leaves, as reflected by significantly higher relative water content, lower electrolyte leakage, lipid peroxidation, and leaf wilt. Exogenous GABA further promoted drought-induced increases in GABA transaminase and alpha ketone glutarate dehydrogenase activities, but inhibited glutamate decarboxylase activity under both control and drought conditions, resulting in an increase in endogenous glutamate (Glu) and GABA content. Besides, exogenous GABA could well accelerated PAs synthesis and suppressed PAs catabolism, which lead to the extremely enhanced different types of PAs content (free Put and Spd, insoluble bound Spd and Spm, soluble conjugated Spd and Spm, and total Put, Spd and Spm) under drought stress. In addition, exogenous GABA application further activated drought-induced Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase and proline dehydrogenase activities, but suppressed drought-facilitated ornithine -δ-amino transferase activities, leading to a higher Pro accumulation and metabolism in GABA-pretreated plants in the middle and last period of drought. The results suggested that increased endogenous GABA by exogenous GABA treatment could improve drought tolerance of white clover associated with a positive regulation in the GABA-shunt, PAs and Pro metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yong
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huan Xie
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
- Ganzi Prefecture Grassland Station of Sichuan Province, Kangding, China
| | - Zhou Li
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-Ping Li
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin-Quan Zhang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin-Kai Huang
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan-Hong Yan
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Peng
- Department of Grassland Science, Animal Science and Technology College, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Wang L, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Yang G, Yang L, Wang R, Xie Z. Characterization of LhSorP5CS, a gene catalyzing proline synthesis in Oriental hybrid lily Sorbonne: molecular modelling and expression analysis. BOTANICAL STUDIES 2017; 58:10. [PMID: 28510193 PMCID: PMC5432930 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-017-0163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2017] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abiotic stresses negatively affect plant growth and flower production. In plants, P5CS proteins are key enzymes that catalyzed the rate-limiting steps of proline synthesis, and proline is a well-known osmoprotectant that is closely related to abiotic stress tolerance. However, information about the P5CS genes, their effects on proline accumulation, and their role in abiotic stress tolerance in Lilium is still lacking. RESULTS We isolated and characterized a novel gene (LhSorP5CS) from Oriental hybrid lily cultivar Sorbonne. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that LhSorP5CS is a member of the P5CS family. The three-dimensional structure of LhSorP5CS predicted by homology modeling showed high similarity to its correspondant human P5CS template. Further gene expression analysis revealed that LhSorP5CS expression was up-regulated by NaCl, mannitol, and ABA, and that stress-exposed plants accumulated proline at a significantly higher level than in the control. CONCLUSIONS LhSorP5CS characterized in this study is involved in proline synthesis in lily, and that it might play an important role in abiotic stress tolerance. However, there should be other P5CS homologues in the lily genome, and some of them could be highly stress-induced and more important for proline accumulation. Future studies on P5CS family genes would be of great importance to proline-related stress tolerance in lily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Zhihong Guo
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yubao Zhang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Yajun Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Guo Yang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Liu Yang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Ruoyu Wang
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
| | - Zhongkui Xie
- Gaolan Station of Agricultural and Ecological Experiment, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000 China
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Su Y, Liang W, Liu Z, Wang Y, Zhao Y, Ijaz B, Hua J. Overexpression of GhDof1 improved salt and cold tolerance and seed oil content in Gossypium hirsutum. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:222-234. [PMID: 28888163 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A homologous GhDof1, which belongs to a large family of plant-specific transcription factor DOF, was isolated from Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). GhDof1 protein was located in the nucleus of onion epidermal cells, the core domain of transcriptional activity existed in the C-terminal, and the activity elements of GhDof1 promoter existed in the regions of -645∼ -469bp and -286∼ -132bp of transcriptional start codon. GhDof1 constitutively expressed in leaves, roots and stems, accumulated highest in leaves. The salinity and cold treatments induced GhDof1 transcript accumulation. The GhDof1-overexpressed cotton showed significantly higher salt and cold tolerance over the wild-type plants. Under salt stress, the root growth of overexpressed GhDof1 lines was promoted. The expression levels of stress-responsive genes, GhP5CS, GhSOD and GhMYB, were differently up-regulated in transgenic lines. Oil contents increased in some transgenic plants, and protein contents reduced compared with transformed receptor. These results suggested that GhDof1 was a functional transcription factor for improving the abiotic tolerance and seed oil content in Upland cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Su
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liang
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengjie Liu
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Wang
- Research Institute of Cash Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanpeng Zhao
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Babar Ijaz
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinping Hua
- Laboratory of Cotton Genetics, Genomics and Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology/ Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education/ Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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Zdunek-Zastocka E, Grabowska A, Branicki T, Michniewska B. Biochemical characterization of the triticale TsPAP1, a new type of plant prolyl aminopeptidase, and its impact on proline content and flowering time in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 116:18-26. [PMID: 28482331 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Proline aminopeptidase (PAP, EC 3.4.11.5) is the only enzyme that effectively releases proline from the N-termini of peptides. The amino acid sequence of the PAP from Triticosecale, TsPAP1, comprises conserved regions, characteristic of the monomeric forms of PAP found in bacteria but not yet identified in plants. Therefore, we aimed to obtain and biochemically characterize the TsPAP1 protein. The recombinant TsPAP1 protein was received through heterologous expression of the TsPAP1 coding sequence in a bacterial expression system and purified with affinity chromatography. Gel filtration chromatography and SDS electrophoresis revealed that TsPAP1 is a monomer with a molecular mass of 37.5 kDa. TsPAP1 prefers substrates with proline at the N-terminus but is also capable of hydrolyzing β-naphthylamides of hydroxyproline and alanine. Among the peptides tested, the most preferred were di- and tripeptides, especially those with glycine in the Y position. The use of diagnostic inhibitors indicated that TsPAP1 is a serine peptidase; however, further characterization revealed that the SH residues are also important for maintaining its activity. To examine the role of TsPAP1 under physiological conditions, we developed transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing TsPAP1. Compared with wild-type plants, the transgenic lines accumulated more proline, flowered an average of 3.5 days earlier, and developed more siliques than did untransformed controls. Our paper is the first to describe the biochemical properties of a novel monomeric plant PAP and contributes to the functional characterization of PAP proteins in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edyta Zdunek-Zastocka
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Grabowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Branicki
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Michniewska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Balestro GC, Higashi B, Lopes SMS, Gonçalves JE, Vieira LGE, de Oliveira AJB, Gonçalves RAC. Biochemical composition of symplastic sap from sugarcane genetically modified to overproduce proline. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2017; 113:133-140. [PMID: 28213180 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Global interest in sugarcane has increased significantly in recent years because of its economic impact on sustainable energy production. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate changes in the concentrations of total sugars, amino acids, free proline, and total proteins by colorimetric analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to perform a metabolic profiling of a water-soluble fraction of symplastic sap in response to the constitutive expression of a mutant Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) gene from Vigna aconitifolia. However, there was not a significant increase in the free proline content in the sap of transgenic plants compared to the non-transformed control plants. The most noticeable difference between the two genotypes was an almost two-fold increase in the accumulation of sucrose in the stem internodes of P5CS transgenic sugarcane plants. The results presented in this work showed that transgenic sugarcane plants with increased levels of free proline accumulates high soluble sugar content and, therefore, may represent a novel genotype for improving sugarcane cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graciele Carraro Balestro
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87.020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Bruna Higashi
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87.020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Sheila Mara Sanches Lopes
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87.020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo Gonçalves
- Program of Master in Health Promotion and Program of Master in Clean Technologies, University Center of Maringá, Avenida Guedner, 1610, 87050-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Luiz Gonzaga Esteves Vieira
- Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 572, 19.067-175 Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Arildo José Braz de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87.020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Regina Aparecida Correia Gonçalves
- Department of Pharmacy, Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Maringá, Avenida Colombo 5790, 87.020-900 Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Yu D, Zhang L, Zhao K, Niu R, Zhai H, Zhang J. VaERD15, a Transcription Factor Gene Associated with Cold-Tolerance in Chinese Wild Vitis amurensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:297. [PMID: 28326090 PMCID: PMC5339311 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Early responsive to dehydration (ERD) genes can be rapidly induced to counteract abiotic stresses, such as drought, low temperatures or high salinities. Here, we report on an ERD gene (VaERD15) related to cold tolerance from Chinese wild Vitis amurensis accession 'Heilongjiang seedling'. The full-length VaERD15 cDNA is 685 bp, including a 66 bp 5'-untranslated region (UTR), a 196 bp 3'-UTR region and a 423 bp open reading frame encoding 140 amino acids. The VaERD15 protein shares a high amino acid sequence similarity with ERD15 of Arabidopsis thaliana. In our study, VaERD15 was shown to have a nucleic localization function and a transcriptional activation function. Semi-quantitative PCR and Western blot analyses showed that VaERD15 was constitutively expressed in young leaves, stems and roots of V. amurensis accession 'Heilongjiang seedling' plants, and expression levels increased after low-temperature treatment. We also generated a transgenic Arabidopsis Col-0 line that over-expressed VaERD15 and carried out a cold-treatment assay. Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot analyses showed that as the duration of cold treatment increased, the expression of both gene and protein levels increased continuously in the transgenic plants, while almost no expression was detected in the wild type Arabidopsis. Moreover, the plants that over-expressed VaERD15 showed higher cold tolerance and accumulation of proline, soluble sugars, proteins, malondialdehyde and three antioxidases (superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase). Lower levels of relative ion leakage also occurred under cold stress. Taken together, our results indicate that the transcription factor VaERD15 was induced by cold stress and was able to enhance cold tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Yu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Lihua Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Ruxuan Niu
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Huan Zhai
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
| | - Jianxia Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology and Germplasm Innovation in Northwest China, Ministry of AgricultureYangling, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F UniversityYangling, China
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Gulyás Z, Simon-Sarkadi L, Badics E, Novák A, Mednyánszky Z, Szalai G, Galiba G, Kocsy G. Redox regulation of free amino acid levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2017; 159:264-276. [PMID: 27605256 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.12510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stresses induce oxidative stress, which modifies the level of several metabolites including amino acids. The redox control of free amino acid profile was monitored in wild-type and ascorbate or glutathione deficient mutant Arabidopsis thaliana plants before and after hydroponic treatment with various redox agents. Both mutations and treatments modified the size and redox state of the ascorbate (AsA) and/or glutathione (GSH) pools. The total free amino acid content was increased by AsA, GSH and H2 O2 in all three genotypes and a very large (threefold) increase was observed in the GSH-deficient pad2-1 mutant after GSH treatment compared with the untreated wild-type plants. Addition of GSH reduced the ratio of amino acids belonging to the glutamate family on a large scale and increased the relative amount of non-proteinogenic amino acids. The latter change was because of the large increase in the content of alpha-aminoadipate, an inhibitor of glutamatic acid (Glu) transport. Most of the treatments increased the proline (Pro) content, which effect was due to the activation of genes involved in Pro synthesis. Although all studied redox compounds influenced the amount of free amino acids and a mostly positive, very close (r > 0.9) correlation exists between these parameters, a special regulatory role of GSH could be presumed due to its more powerful effect. This may originate from the thiol/disulphide conversion or (de)glutathionylation of enzymes participating in the amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsolt Gulyás
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Livia Simon-Sarkadi
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Szent István University, Budapest, H-1118, Hungary
| | - Eszter Badics
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Aliz Novák
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Mednyánszky
- Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Szent István University, Budapest, H-1118, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
| | - Gábor Galiba
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
- Festetics Doctoral School, Georgikon Faculty, University of Pannonia, Keszthely, H-8360, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, H-2462, Hungary
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71
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Farhangi-Abriz S, Torabian S. Antioxidant enzyme and osmotic adjustment changes in bean seedlings as affected by biochar under salt stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 137:64-70. [PMID: 27915144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Salinity damaged cellular membranes through overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), while osmolytes and antioxidant capacities play a vital role in protecting plants from salinity caused oxidative damages. Biochar also could alleviate the negative impacts of salt stress in crops. The pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of biochar on some antioxidant enzyme activities and osmolyte adjustments of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Derakhshan) under salinity stress. Bean plants were subjected to three salinity levels (non-saline, 6 and 12 dSm-1 of NaCl) and biochar treatments (non-biochar, 10% and 20% total pot mass). Shoot and root dry weights of bean were decreased at two salt stress treatments. Salinity increased the activity of catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), oxygen radicals (O2•-), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in leaf and root compared to control. Additionally, increased magnitudes of proline, glycine betaine, soluble sugar and soluble protein contents were more pronounced under 12 dSm-1 NaCl than those under 6 dSm-1 NaCl. In contrast, biochar applied to soil enhanced the shoot and root dry weight in comparison with the non-biochar treatment. Furthermore, all of the antioxidant activities of seedlings in soil treated with biochar, particularly at 20% biochar, declined. With the addition of biochar, the contents of MDA, O2•- and H2O2 displayed remarkable decrease, and the osmotic substances accumulation in leaves and roots also reduced. The presented results supported the view that biochar can contribute to protect common bean seedlings against NaCl stress by alleviating the oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salar Farhangi-Abriz
- Department of Plant Eco-physiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Shahram Torabian
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
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Chokshi K, Pancha I, Ghosh A, Mishra S. Nitrogen starvation-induced cellular crosstalk of ROS-scavenging antioxidants and phytohormone enhanced the biofuel potential of green microalga Acutodesmus dimorphus. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2017; 10:60. [PMID: 28293290 PMCID: PMC5345260 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-017-0747-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microalgae accumulate a considerable amount of lipids and carbohydrate under nutrient-deficient conditions, which makes them one of the promising sustainable resources for biofuel production. In the present study, to obtain the biomass with higher lipid and carbohydrate contents, we implemented a short-term nitrogen starvation of 1, 2, and 3 days in a green microalga Acutodesmus dimorphus. Few recent reports suggest that oxidative stress-tolerant microalgae are highly efficient for biofuel production. To study the role of oxidative stress due to nitrogen deficiency, responses of various stress biomarkers like reactive oxygen species (ROS), cellular enzymatic antioxidants superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and non-enzymatic scavengers proline and polyphenols were also evaluated. Further, the endogenous levels of phytohormones abscisic acid (ABA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were also determined to study their response to nitrogen deficiency. RESULTS We observed that nitrogen starvation of 2 days is effective to produce biomass containing 29.92% of lipid (comprising about 75% of neutral lipid) and 34.80% of carbohydrate, which is significantly higher (about 23 and 64%, respectively) than that of the control culture. Among all nitrogen-starved cultures, the accumulations of ROS were lower in 2 days starved culture, which can be linked with the several folds higher activities of SOD and CAT in this culture. The accumulations of proline and total polyphenols were also significantly higher (about 4.7- and 1.7-folds, respectively, than that of the control) in 2 days nitrogen-starved culture. The levels of phytohormones once decreased significantly after 1 day, increased continuously up to 3 days of nitrogen starvation. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study highlight the interaction of nitrogen starvation-induced oxidative stress with the signaling involved in the growth and development of microalga. The study presents a comprehensive picture of the adaptive mechanisms of the cells from a physiological perspective along with providing the strategy to improve the biofuel potential of A. dimorphus through a short-term nitrogen starvation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaumeel Chokshi
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Imran Pancha
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science, Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8503 Japan
| | - Arup Ghosh
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
- Division of Plant Omics, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
| | - Sandhya Mishra
- Division of Salt & Marine Chemicals, CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
- Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-Central Salt and Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat 364002 India
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73
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Razavizadeh R. Protein pattern of canola (Brassica napus L.) changes in response to salt and salicylic acid in vitro. BIOLOGICAL LETTERS 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/biolet-2015-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of salicylic acid (SA) on the salt (NaCl) tolerance mechanism was studied in canola plants (oilseed rape, Brassica napus L.) by molecular and physiological experiments in plant tissue culture. Seeds of B. napus ‘Ocapy’ were germinated at 0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing different levels (0, 2, and 5 μM) of SA for 4 weeks. Total chlorophyll, carotenoid, and flavonoid content increased in response to interactive effects of SA and NaCl treatments at some concentrations. Proline content was increased under salt and SA treatments in shoot and root tissues. Salt alone and in combination with SA increased the total soluble protein content of shoots only, while the different concentrations of SA in the culture media affected variously the total soluble protein content. Protein patterns of shoots and roots showed some remarkable differences, based on gel electrophoresis and the consequent analysis of bands by ImageJ program. The relative expression of 15 and 12 protein bands in shoots and roots, respectively, differed under the applied treatments. In addition, the protein profile indicated that salinity and SA regulate the expression of salt-stress-inducible proteins as well as induced de novo synthesis of specific polypeptides. The findings may help to explain the salt tolerance mechanisms and to produce salt-tolerant canola plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roya Razavizadeh
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University, PO BOX 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran Corresponding author: Roya Razavizadeh
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Wang X, Shan X, Xue C, Wu Y, Su S, Li S, Liu H, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Yuan Y. Isolation and functional characterization of a cold responsive phosphatidylinositol transfer-associated protein, ZmSEC14p, from maize (Zea may L.). PLANT CELL REPORTS 2016; 35:1671-86. [PMID: 27061906 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-016-1980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
A Sec14-like protein, ZmSEC14p , from maize was structurally analyzed and functionally tested. Overexpression of ZmSEC14p in transgenic Arabidopsis conferred tolerance to cold stress. Sec14-like proteins are involved in essential biological processes, such as phospholipid metabolism, signal transduction, membrane trafficking, and stress response. Here, we reported a phosphatidylinositol transfer-associated protein, ZmSEC14p (accession no. KT932998), isolated from a cold-tolerant maize inbred line using the cDNA-AFLP approach and RACE-PCR method. Full-length cDNA that consisted of a single open reading frame (ORF) encoded a putative polypeptide of 295 amino acids. The ZmSEC14p protein was mainly localized in the nucleus, and its transcript was induced by cold, salt stresses, and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in maize leaves and roots. Overexpression of ZmSEC14p in transgenic Arabidopsis conferred tolerance to cold stress. This tolerance was primarily displayed by the increased germination rate, root length, plant survival rate, accumulation of proline, activities of antioxidant enzymes, and the reduction of oxidative damage by reactive oxygen species (ROS). ZmSEC14p overexpression regulated the expression of phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C, which cleaves phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and generates second messengers (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and 1,2-diacylglycerol) in the phosphoinositide signal transduction pathways. Moreover, up-regulation of some stress-responsive genes such as CBF3, COR6.6, and RD29B in transgenic plants under cold stress could be a possible mechanism for enhancing cold tolerance. Taken together, this study strongly suggests that ZmSEC14p plays an important role in plant tolerance to cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Wang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Xiaohui Shan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chunmei Xue
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Ying Wu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shengzhong Su
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hongkui Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuan Jiang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yaping Yuan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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75
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Kakar KU, Ren XL, Nawaz Z, Cui ZQ, Li B, Xie GL, Hassan MA, Ali E, Sun GC. A consortium of rhizobacterial strains and biochemical growth elicitors improve cold and drought stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:471-83. [PMID: 26681628 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, a consortium of two rhizobacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Bk7 and Brevibacillus laterosporus B4, termed 'BB', biochemical elicitors salicylic acid and β-aminobutyric acid (SB) and their mixture (BBSB) were investigated for cold and drought stress tolerance in rice plants. After withholding water for 16 days, rice plants treated with BBSB showed 100% survival, improved seedling height (35.4 cm), shoot number (6.12), and showed minimum symptoms of chlorosis (19%), wilting (4%), necrosis (6%) and rolling of leaves. Similarly, BB inoculation enhanced plant growth and reduced overall symptoms in rice seedlings subjected to 0 ± 5 °C for 24 h. Our results imply several mechanisms underlying BB- and BBSB-elicited stress tolerance. In contrast to the control, both treatments significantly decreased leaf monodehydroascorbate (MDA) content and electrolyte leakage, and increased leaf proline and cholorophyll content. Moreover, activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) increased 3.0- and 3.6-fold, respectively. Moreover, expression of OsMYB3R-2, OsDIL, OsDREB1A and OsCDPK13 genes was significantly up-regulated, suggesting that these genes play important roles in abiotic stress tolerance of rice. In addition, bacterial strains Bk7 and B4 were able to produce high amounts of IAA and siderophores, and colonise the plant roots, while only strain Bk7 exhibited the capability to form biofilms and solubilise inorganic phosphate. This study indicates that the BB and BBSB bio-formulations can be used to confer induced systematic tolerance and improve the health of rice plants subject to chilling and drought stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- K U Kakar
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - X-L Ren
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Z Nawaz
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang, China
| | - Z-Q Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - B Li
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G-L Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - M A Hassan
- University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
| | - E Ali
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - G-C Sun
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base for Zhejiang Sustainable Plant Pest and Disease Control, Key Laboratory of Detection for Pesticide Residues, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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76
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Han H, Zhu B, Fu X, You S, Wang B, Li Z, Zhao W, Peng R, Yao Q. Overexpression of D-amino acid oxidase from Bradyrhizobium japonicum, enhances resistance to glyphosate in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2015; 34:2043-51. [PMID: 26350405 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-015-1850-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE The glyphosate resistance in Escherichia coli and Arabidopsis was due to D-amino acid oxidase expression. Transgenic glyphosate-resistant crops have a high percentage in the total area devoted to transgenic crops worldwide. D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) can metabolize glyphosate by oxidative cleavage of the carbon-nitrogen bond on the carboxyl side and yield aminomethyl phosphonic acid and glyoxylate, which are less toxic to plants than glyphosate. To date, reports on the use of DAAO to enhance glyphosate resistance in plants are lacking. In this paper, we report synthesis, and codon usage optimization for plant expression, of the DAAO gene by successive polymerase chain reaction from Bradyrhizobium japonicum. To confirm the glyphosate resistance of the DAAO gene, the recombinant plasmid pYPX251 (GenBank Accession No: AY178046) harboring the wild-type DAAO gene was transformed into DH5α. The positive transformants grew well both on solid and in liquid M9 medium containing 200 mM glyphosate. The optimized DAAO gene was transformed into Arabidopsis and 9 days after application of 10 mM glyphosate, the 4-week-old wild-type plants all died; by contrast, transgenic plants could grow normally. The proline content and peroxidase activity showed that glyphosate could induce proline accumulation and produce reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyan Fu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuanghong You
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
- College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Rihe Peng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanhong Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding, Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 2901 Beidi Rd, Shanghai, 201106, People's Republic of China.
- College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
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Biancucci M, Mattioli R, Moubayidin L, Sabatini S, Costantino P, Trovato M. Proline affects the size of the root meristematic zone in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:263. [PMID: 26514776 PMCID: PMC4625561 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We reported previously that root elongation in Arabidopsis is promoted by exogenous proline, raising the possibility that this amino acid may modulate root growth. RESULTS To evaluate this hypothesis we used a combination of genetic, pharmacological and molecular analyses, and showed that proline specifically affects root growth by modulating the size of the root meristem. The effects of proline on meristem size are parallel to, and independent from, hormonal pathways, and do not involve the expression of genes controlling cell differentiation at the transition zone. On the contrary, proline appears to control cell division in early stages of postembryonic root development, as shown by the expression of the G2/M-specific CYCLINB1;1 (CYCB1;1) gene. CONCLUSIONS The overall data suggest that proline can modulate the size of root meristematic zone in Arabidopsis likely controlling cell division and, in turn, the ratio between cell division and cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biancucci
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Mattioli
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Laila Moubayidin
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Sabrina Sabatini
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Trovato
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
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Cao J, Lv XY, Chen L, Xing JJ, Lan HY. Effects of salinity on the growth, physiology and relevant gene expression of an annual halophyte grown from heteromorphic seeds. AOB PLANTS 2015; 7:plv112. [PMID: 26386128 PMCID: PMC4612296 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plv112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Seed heteromorphism provides plants with alternative strategies for survival in unfavourable environments. However, the response of descendants from heteromorphic seeds to stress has not been well documented. Suaeda aralocaspica is a typical annual halophyte, which produces heteromorphic seeds with disparate forms and different germination characteristics. To gain an understanding of the salt tolerance of descendants and the impact of seed heteromorphism on progeny of this species, we performed a series of experiments to investigate the plant growth and physiological parameters (e.g. osmolytes, oxidative/antioxidative agents and enzymes), as well as expression patterns of corresponding genes. Results showed that osmolytes (proline and glycinebetaine) were significantly increased and that excess reactive oxygen species ([Formula: see text] H2O2) produced under high salinity were scavenged by increased levels of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase) and corresponding antioxidants (ascorbic acid and glutathione). Moreover, enhancement of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase activity at high salt intensity had a positive effect on photosynthesis. The descendants from heteromorphic seeds presented no significant difference in performance with or without salinity. In conclusion, we found that high salinity induced the same active physiological responses in plants from heteromorphic seeds of S. aralocaspica, there was no carry-over of seed heteromorphism to plants: all the descendants required salinity for optimal growth and adaptation to their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiu Yun Lv
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Jia Jia Xing
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Hai Yan Lan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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Badri H, Monsieurs P, Coninx I, Nauts R, Wattiez R, Leys N. Temporal Gene Expression of the Cyanobacterium Arthrospira in Response to Gamma Rays. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0135565. [PMID: 26308624 PMCID: PMC4550399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0135565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 07/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The edible cyanobacterium Arthrospira is resistant to ionising radiation. The cellular mechanisms underlying this radiation resistance are, however, still largely unknown. Therefore, additional molecular analysis was performed to investigate how these cells can escape from, protect against, or repair the radiation damage. Arthrospira cells were shortly exposed to different doses of 60Co gamma rays and the dynamic response was investigated by monitoring its gene expression and cell physiology at different time points after irradiation. The results revealed a fast switch from an active growth state to a kind of 'survival modus' during which the cells put photosynthesis, carbon and nitrogen assimilation on hold and activate pathways for cellular protection, detoxification, and repair. The higher the radiation dose, the more pronounced this global emergency response is expressed. Genes repressed during early response, suggested a reduction of photosystem II and I activity and reduced tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycles, combined with an activation of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). For reactive oxygen species detoxification and restoration of the redox balance in Arthrospira cells, the results suggested a powerful contribution of the antioxidant molecule glutathione. The repair mechanisms of Arthrospira cells that were immediately switched on, involve mainly proteases for damaged protein removal, single strand DNA repair and restriction modification systems, while recA was not induced. Additionally, the exposed cells showed significant increased expression of arh genes, coding for a novel group of protein of unknown function, also seen in our previous irradiation studies. This observation confirms our hypothesis that arh genes are key elements in radiation resistance of Arthrospira, requiring further investigation. This study provides new insights into phasic response and the cellular pathways involved in the radiation resistance of microbial cells, in particularly for photosynthetic organisms as the cyanobacterium Arthrospira.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanène Badri
- Expert Groups for Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
- Proteomics and Microbiology Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Pieter Monsieurs
- Expert Groups for Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ilse Coninx
- Expert Groups for Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Robin Nauts
- Expert Groups for Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Proteomics and Microbiology Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Expert Groups for Molecular and Cellular Biology and Biosphere Impact Studies, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK•CEN, Mol, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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80
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Biancucci M, Mattioli R, Forlani G, Funck D, Costantino P, Trovato M. Role of proline and GABA in sexual reproduction of angiosperms. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:680. [PMID: 26388884 PMCID: PMC4559642 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Two glutamate derivatives, proline and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), appear to play pivotal roles in different aspects of sexual reproduction in angiosperms, although their precise function in plant reproduction and the molecular basis of their action are not yet fully understood. Proline and GABA have long been regarded as pivotal amino acids in pollen vitality and fertility. Proline may constitute up to 70% of the free amino acid pool in pollen grains and it has been recently shown that Arabidopsis mutants affected in the first and rate-limiting step in proline synthesis produce aberrant and infertile pollen grains, indicating that proline synthesis is required for pollen development and fertility. Concerning GABA, a large body of evidence points to this glutamate derivative as a key determinant of post-pollination fertilization. Intriguingly, proline has also been associated with pollination, another aspect of sexual reproduction, since honeybees were reported to show a strong preference for proline-enriched nectars. In this review, we survey current knowledge on the roles of proline and GABA in plant fertility, and discuss future perspectives potentially capable to improve our understanding on the functions of these amino acids in pollen development, pollination, and pollen tube guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Biancucci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of RomeRoma, Italy
| | - Roberto Mattioli
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of RomeRoma, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Forlani
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, University of FerraraFerrara, Italy
| | - Dietmar Funck
- Department of Biology, University of KonstanzKonstanz, Germany
| | - Paolo Costantino
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of RomeRoma, Italy
| | - Maurizio Trovato
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of RomeRoma, Italy
- *Correspondence: Maurizio Trovato, Department of Biology and Biotechnology, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
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81
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Medeiros MJL, Silva MMDA, Granja MMC, Silva-Junior GS, Camara T, Willadino L. EFFECT OF EXOGENOUS PROLINE IN TWO SUGARCANE GENOTYPES GROWN in vitro UNDER SALT STRESS. ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2014. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v20n2.42830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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82
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Xu W, Jiao Y, Li R, Zhang N, Xiao D, Ding X, Wang Z. Chinese wild-growing Vitis amurensis ICE1 and ICE2 encode MYC-type bHLH transcription activators that regulate cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102303. [PMID: 25019620 PMCID: PMC4096504 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Winter hardiness is an important trait for grapevine breeders and producers, so identification of the regulatory mechanisms involved in cold acclimation is of great potential value. The work presented here involves the identification of two grapevine ICE gene homologs, VaICE1 and VaICE2, from an extremely cold-tolerant accession of Chinese wild-growing Vitis amurnensis, which are phylogenetically related to other plant ICE1 genes. These two structurally different ICE proteins contain previously reported ICE-specific amino acid motifs, the bHLH-ZIP domain and the S-rich motif. Expression analysis revealed that VaICE1 is constitutively expressed but affected by cold stress, unlike VaICE2 that shows not such changed expression as a consequence of cold treatment. Both genes serve as transcription factors, potentiating the transactivation activities in yeasts and the corresponding proteins localized to the nucleus following transient expression in onion epidermal cells. Overexpression of either VaICE1 or VaICE2 in Arabidopsis increase freezing tolerance in nonacclimated plants. Moreover, we show that they result in multiple biochemical changes that were associated with cold acclimation: VaICE1/2-overexpressing plants had evaluated levels of proline, reduced contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreased levels of electrolyte leakage. The expression of downstream cold responsive genes of CBF1, COR15A, and COR47 were significantly induced in Arabidopsis transgenically overexpressing VaICE1 or VaICE2 upon cold stress. VaICE2, but not VaICE1 overexpression induced KIN1 expression under cold-acclimation conditions. Our results suggest that VaICE1 and VaICE2 act as key regulators at an early step in the transcriptional cascade controlling freezing tolerance, and modulate the expression levels of various low-temperature associated genes involved in the C-repeat binding factor (CBF) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weirong Xu
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WX); (ZW)
| | - Yuntong Jiao
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ruimin Li
- College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, P.R. China
| | - Ningbo Zhang
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Dongming Xiao
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoling Ding
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
| | - Zhenping Wang
- School of Agronomy, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Engineering Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- Ningxia Engineering and Technology Research Center of Grape and Wine, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, P.R. China
- * E-mail: (WX); (ZW)
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83
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Ibrahim HM. Selenium Pretreatment Regulates the Antioxidant Defense System and Reduces Oxidative Stress on Drought-Stressed Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ajps.2014.120.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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84
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Zhang D, Jiang S, Pan J, Kong X, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Li D. The overexpression of a maize mitogen-activated protein kinase gene (ZmMPK5) confers salt stress tolerance and induces defence responses in tobacco. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2014; 16:558-70. [PMID: 23952812 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
As sessile organisms, plants are exposed to potential dangers, including multiple biotic and abiotic stresses. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a universal signalling pathways involved in these processes. A previous study showed that maize ZmMPK5 is induced by various stimuli at transcriptional and post-translational levels. In this study, ZmMPK5 was overexpressed in tobacco to further analyse its biological functions. Under salt and oxidative stresses, ZmMPK5-overexpressing lines displayed less severe damage and stronger growth phenotypes corresponding to a series of physiological changes. In addition, the transgenic lines accumulated less reactive oxygen species (ROS) and had higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity and metabolites than wild-type (WT) plants following NaCl treatment. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed that the expression of ROS-related and stress-responsive genes was higher in transgenic plants than in WT plants. Furthermore, transgenic lines exhibited enhanced resistance to viral pathogens, and expressed constitutively higher transcript levels of pathogenesis-related genes, such as PR1a, PR4, PR5 and EREBP. Taken together, these results demonstrated that ZmMPK5 is involved in salt stress, oxidative stress and pathogen defence signalling pathways, and its function may be at least partly devoted to efficiently eliminating ROS accumulation under salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
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85
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Sackett O, Petrou K, Reedy B, De Grazia A, Hill R, Doblin M, Beardall J, Ralph P, Heraud P. Phenotypic plasticity of southern ocean diatoms: key to success in the sea ice habitat? PLoS One 2013; 8:e81185. [PMID: 24363795 PMCID: PMC3868450 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diatoms are the primary source of nutrition and energy for the Southern Ocean ecosystem. Microalgae, including diatoms, synthesise biological macromolecules such as lipids, proteins and carbohydrates for growth, reproduction and acclimation to prevailing environmental conditions. Here we show that three key species of Southern Ocean diatom (Fragilariopsis cylindrus, Chaetoceros simplex and Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata) exhibited phenotypic plasticity in response to salinity and temperature regimes experienced during the seasonal formation and decay of sea ice. The degree of phenotypic plasticity, in terms of changes in macromolecular composition, was highly species-specific and consistent with each species’ known distribution and abundance throughout sea ice, meltwater and pelagic habitats, suggesting that phenotypic plasticity may have been selected for by the extreme variability of the polar marine environment. We argue that changes in diatom macromolecular composition and shifts in species dominance in response to a changing climate have the potential to alter nutrient and energy fluxes throughout the Southern Ocean ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Sackett
- School of the Environment and the Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherina Petrou
- School of the Environment and the Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian Reedy
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adrian De Grazia
- School of Chemistry and Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ross Hill
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation and Sydney Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Martina Doblin
- School of the Environment and the Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John Beardall
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Peter Ralph
- School of the Environment and the Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Heraud
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
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86
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Signorelli S, Casaretto E, Sainz M, Díaz P, Monza J, Borsani O. Antioxidant and photosystem II responses contribute to explain the drought-heat contrasting tolerance of two forage legumes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 70:195-203. [PMID: 23792824 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Identification of metabolic targets of environmental stress factors is critical to improve the stress tolerance of plants. Studying the biochemical and physiological responses of plants with different capacities to deal with stress is a valid approach to reach this objective. Lotus corniculatus (lotus) and Trifolium pratense (clover) are legumes with contrasting summer stress tolerances. In stress conditions, which are defined as drought, heat or a combination of both, we found that differential biochemical responses of leaves explain these behaviours. Lotus and clover showed differences in water loss control, proline accumulation and antioxidant enzymatic capacity. Drought and/or heat stress induced a large accumulation of proline in the tolerant species (lotus), whereas heat stress did not cause proline accumulation in the sensitive species (clover). In lotus, Mn-SOD and Fe-SOD were induced by drought, but in clover, the SOD-isoform profile was not affected by stress. Moreover, lotus has more SOD-isoforms and a higher total SOD activity than clover. The functionality and electrophoretic profile of photosystem II (PSII) proteins under stress also exhibited differences between the two species. In lotus, PSII activity was drastically affected by combined stress and, interestingly, was correlated with D2 protein degradation. Possible implications of this event as an adaption mechanism in tolerant species are discussed. We conclude that the stress-tolerant capability of lotus is related to its ability to respond to oxidative damage and adaption of the photosynthetic machinery. This reveals that these two aspects should be included in the evaluation of the tolerance of species to stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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87
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Li ZG, Ding XJ, Du PF. Hydrogen sulfide donor sodium hydrosulfide-improved heat tolerance in maize and involvement of proline. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 170:741-7. [PMID: 23523123 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has long been considered as a phytotoxin, but nowadays as a cell signal molecule involved in growth, development, and the acquisition of stress tolerance in higher plants. In the present study, hydrogen sulfide donor, sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), pretreatment markedly improved germination percentage of seeds and survival percentage of seedlings of maize under heat stress, and alleviated an increase in electrolyte leakage of roots, a decrease in tissue vitality and an accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) in coleoptiles of maize seedlings. In addition, pretreatment of NaHS could improve the activity of Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and lower proline dehydrogenase (ProDH) activity, which in turn induced accumulation of endogenous proline in maize seedlings. Also, application of proline could enhance endogenous proline content, followed by mitigated accumulation of MDA and increased survival percentage of maize seedlings under heat stress. These results suggest that sodium hydrosulfide pretreatment could improve heat tolerance of maize and the acquisition of this heat tolerance may be involved in proline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Guang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology, Yunnan Province, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650092, PR China.
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88
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Pyngrope S, Bhoomika K, Dubey RS. Reactive oxygen species, ascorbate-glutathione pool, and enzymes of their metabolism in drought-sensitive and tolerant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings subjected to progressing levels of water deficit. PROTOPLASMA 2013; 250:585-600. [PMID: 22926745 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-012-0444-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Water deficit for rice is a worldwide concern, and to produce drought-tolerant varieties, it is essential to elucidate molecular mechanisms associated with water deficit tolerance. In the present study, we investigated the differential responses of nonenzymatic antioxidants ascorbate (AsA), glutathione (GSH), and their redox pool as well as activity levels of enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle in seedlings of drought-sensitive rice (Oryza sativa L.) cv. Malviya-36 and drought-tolerant cv. Brown Gora subjected to water deficit treatment of -1.0 and -2.1 MPa for 24-72 h using PEG-6000 in sand cultures. Water deficit caused increased production of reactive oxygen species such as O2[Symbol: see text](-), H2O2, and HO[Symbol: see text] in the tissues, and the level of production was higher in the sensitive than the tolerant cultivar. Water deficit caused reduction in AsA and GSH and decline in their redox ratios (AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG) with lesser decline in tolerant than the sensitive seedlings. With progressive level of water deficit, the activities of monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione transferase increased in the seedlings of both rice cultivars, but the increased activity levels were higher in the seedlings of drought-tolerant cv. Brown Gora compared to the sensitive cv. Malviya-36. Greater accumulation of proline was observed in stressed seedlings of tolerant than the sensitive cultivar. In-gel activity staining of APX revealed varying numbers of their isoforms and their differential expression in sensitive and tolerant seedlings under water deficit. Results suggest that an enhanced oxidative stress tolerance by a well-coordinated cellular redox state of ascorbate and glutathione in reduced forms and induction of antioxidant defense system by elevated activity levels of enzymes of ascorbate-glutathione cycle is associated with water deficit tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Pyngrope
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
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89
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Signorelli S, Arellano JB, Melø TB, Borsani O, Monza J. Proline does not quench singlet oxygen: evidence to reconsider its protective role in plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 64:80-3. [PMID: 23384940 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Plants are commonly subjected to several environmental stresses that lead to an overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As plants accumulate proline in response to stress conditions, some authors have proposed that proline could act as a non-enzymatic antioxidant against ROS. One type of ROS aimed to be quenched by proline is singlet oxygen ((1)O(2))-molecular oxygen in its lowest energy electronically excited state-constitutively generated in oxygenic, photosynthetic organisms. In this study we clearly prove that proline cannot quench (1)O(2) in aqueous buffer, giving rise to a rethinking about the antioxidant role of proline against (1)O(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Signorelli
- Laboratorio de Bioquímica, Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Av. E. Garzón 780, CP 12900 Montevideo, Uruguay.
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90
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Ahmed IM, Dai H, Zheng W, Cao F, Zhang G, Sun D, Wu F. Genotypic differences in physiological characteristics in the tolerance to drought and salinity combined stress between Tibetan wild and cultivated barley. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 63:49-60. [PMID: 23232247 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Greenhouse pot experiments were conducted to investigate genotypic differences in response to individual and combined stresses of drought and salinity between Tibetan wild barley genotypes (XZ5, drought-tolerant; XZ16, salinity/aluminum tolerant) and cv. CM72 (salinity-tolerant). Either drought (D) or salinity (S) alone and in combination (D + S) stresses significantly decreased plant growth, chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), maximal photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), water potential and osmotic potential, with the largest suppression under combined stress, and two wild genotypes showing more tolerance than CM72. Water use efficiency (WUE) increased significantly in XZ5 and XZ16 after D + S, but no significant change in CM72. XZ5 and XZ16 showed 30.9% and 12.1% higher K(+) level and 30.5% and 24.1% lower Na(+)/K(+) ratio in plants, compared with CM72, with increased metal nutrients as Ca, Fe and Mn under D + S. The peak accumulation in proline and glycine-beatine was recorded in combined stress with larger accumulation in two wild genotypes. Moreover, larger increases in the level of ASA and GSH, and the activities of Ca(2+)Mg(2+)-ATPase, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), guaiacol peroxidase (POD) and glutathione reductase (GR) under D + S vs control were observed in XZ5 and XZ16 than CM72, with less accumulation of H(2)O(2) and malondialdehyde. These results suggest that high tolerance to D + S stress of XZ5 and XZ16 is closely related to lower Na(+)/K(+) ratio and enhanced Ca(2+)Mg(2+)-ATPase, proline, glycine-beatine and WUE, and improved capacity of antioxidative performance to scavenge reactive oxygen species and thus suppressed level of lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imrul Mosaddek Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zijingang Campus, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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91
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Karan R, Subudhi PK. Overexpression of a nascent polypeptide associated complex gene (SaβNAC) of Spartina alterniflora improves tolerance to salinity and drought in transgenic Arabidopsis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 424:747-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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92
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Nounjan N, Nghia PT, Theerakulpisut P. Exogenous proline and trehalose promote recovery of rice seedlings from salt-stress and differentially modulate antioxidant enzymes and expression of related genes. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:596-604. [PMID: 22317787 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Proline (Pro) and Trehalose (Tre) function as compatible solutes and are upregulated in plants under abiotic stress. They play an osmoprotective role in physiological responses, enabling the plants to better tolerate the adverse effects of abiotic stress. We investigated the effect of exogenous Pro and Tre (10 mM) in seedlings of Thai aromatic rice (cv. KDML105; salt-sensitive) during salt stress and subsequent recovery. Salt stress (S, NaCl) resulted in growth reduction, increase in the Na(+)/K(+) ratio, increase in Pro level and up-regulation of Pro synthesis genes (pyrroline-5-carboxylatesynthetase, P5CS; pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, P5CR) as well as accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), increased activity of antioxidative enzymes (superoxide dismutase, SOD; peroxidase, POX; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; catalase, CAT) and transcript up-regulation of genes encoding antioxidant enzymes (Cu/ZnSOD, MnSOD, CytAPX, CatC). Under salt stress, exogenous Pro (PS; Pro+NaCl) reduced the Na(+)/K(+) ratio, further increased endogenous Pro and transcript levels of P5CS and P5CR, but decreased the activity of the four antioxidant enzymes. The transcription of genes encoding several antioxidant enzymes was upregulated. Exogenous Tre (TS; Tre+NaCl) also reduced the Na(+)/K(+) ratio and strongly decreased endogenous Pro. Transcription of P5CS and P5CR was upregulated, the activities of SOD and POX decreased, the activity of APX increased and the transcription of all antioxidant enzyme genes upregulated. Although exogenous osmoprotectants did not alleviate growth inhibition during salt stress, they exhibited a pronounced beneficial effect during recovery period showing higher percentage of growth recovery in PS (162.38%) and TS (98.43%) compared with S (3.68%). During recovery, plants treated with PS showed a much greater reduction in endogenous Pro than NaCl-treated (S) or Tre-treated plants (TS). Increase in CAT activity was most related to significant reduction in H(2)O(2), particularly in the case of PS-treated plants. Advantageous effects of Pro were also associated with increase in APX activity during recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noppawan Nounjan
- Genomics and Proteomics Research Group for Improvement of Salt-tolerant Rice, Department of Biology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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93
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Wang C, Zhang DW, Wang YC, Zheng L, Yang CP. A glycine-rich RNA-binding protein can mediate physiological responses in transgenic plants under salt stress. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:1047-53. [PMID: 21573794 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GRPs) are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of genes, which have been found to play a role in stress response. However, whether GRPs can mediate some physiological responses related to salt stress tolerance is still not known. In the present study, we investigated the role of GRPs in salt stress-induced physiological responses by generating transgenic tobacco lines overexpressing a GRP (LbGRP1) gene from Limonium bicolor (Bunge) Kuntze. Compared with wild type (WT) tobacco, the transgenic plants showed significantly improved superoxide dismutase and catalase activities under salt stress conditions. Levels of proline in the transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in the WT plants grown under NaCl stress conditions. Furthermore, Na(+) content and Na(+)/K(+) ratio in the transgenic plants were lower than those in the WT plants under both normal growth and stress conditions. These results suggested that overexpression of the LbGRP1 gene can affect some physiological processes associated with salt tolerance of plants. Therefore, we hypothesize that LbGST1 can enhance stress resistance by mediating some physiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Forest Tree Genetic Improvement and Biotechnology, Northeast Forestry University, Ministry of Education, 26 Hexing Road, Harbin 150040, China
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94
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Lv WT, Lin B, Zhang M, Hua XJ. Proline accumulation is inhibitory to Arabidopsis seedlings during heat stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 156:1921-33. [PMID: 21670222 PMCID: PMC3149957 DOI: 10.1104/pp.111.175810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The effect of proline (Pro) accumulation on heat sensitivity was investigated using transgenic Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) plants ectopically expressing the Δ(1)-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase 1 gene (AtP5CS1) under the control of a heat shock protein 17.6II gene promoter. During heat stress, the heat-inducible expression of the AtP5CS1 transgene was capable of enhancing Pro biosynthesis. Twelve-day-old seedlings were first treated with heat at 37 °C for 24 h to induce Pro and then were stressed at 50 °C for 4 h. After recovery at 22 °C for 96 h, the growth of Pro-overproducing plants was significantly more inhibited than that of control plants that do not accumulate Pro, manifested by lower survival rate, higher ion leakage, higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde levels, and increased activity of the Pro/P5C cycle. The activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, guaiacol peroxidase, and catalase, but not those of glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase, increased in all lines after heat treatment, but the increase was more significant in Pro-overproducing seedlings. Staining with MitoSox-Red, reported for being able to specifically detect superoxide formed in mitochondria, showed that Pro accumulation during heat stress resulted in elevated levels of ROS in mitochondria. Interestingly, exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene were found to partially rescue the heat-sensitive phenotype of Pro-overproducing seedlings. Measurement of ethylene and ABA levels further confirmed that these two hormones are negatively affected in Pro-overproducing seedlings during heat stress. Our results indicated that Pro accumulation under heat stress decreases the thermotolerance, probably by increased ROS production via the Pro/P5C cycle and inhibition of ABA and ethylene biosynthesis.
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95
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Goel D, Singh AK, Yadav V, Babbar SB, Murata N, Bansal KC. Transformation of tomato with a bacterial codA gene enhances tolerance to salt and water stresses. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1286-94. [PMID: 21342716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2010] [Revised: 01/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Genetically engineered tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) with the ability to synthesize glycinebetaine was generated by introducing the codA gene encoding choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis. Integration of the codA gene in transgenic tomato plants was verified by PCR analysis and DNA blot hybridization. Transgenic expression of gene was verified by RT-PCR analysis and RNA blot hybridization. The codA-transgenic plants showed higher tolerance to salt stress during seed germination, and subsequent growth of young seedlings than wild-type plants. The codA transgene enhanced the salt tolerance of whole plants and leaves. Mature leaves of codA-transgenic plants revealed higher levels of relative water content, chlorophyll content, and proline content than those of wild-type plants under salt and water stresses. Results from the current study suggest that the expression of the codA gene in transgenic tomato plants induces the synthesis of glycinebetaine and improves the tolerance of plants to salt and water stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Goel
- National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi-110012, India
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96
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Aggarwal M, Sharma S, Kaur N, Pathania D, Bhandhari K, Kaushal N, Kaur R, Singh K, Srivastava A, Nayyar H. Exogenous proline application reduces phytotoxic effects of selenium by minimising oxidative stress and improves growth in bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings. Biol Trace Elem Res 2011; 140:354-67. [PMID: 20455031 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-010-8699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2010] [Accepted: 04/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seedlings were subjected to varying selenium levels (1, 2, 4, and 6 ppm) in a hydroponic culture. The germination reached 100% in 48 h in all Se levels except 6 ppm, where it took 72 h. The root and shoot growth was stimulated at 1 and 2 ppm Se levels that was commensurate with increase in chlorophyll content, leaf water content, and cellular respiration. At 4 and 6 ppm Se levels, the growth was inhibited appreciably, which was associated with increase in stress injury measured as damage to membranes and decrease in cellular respiration, chlorophyll, and leaf water content. The oxidative injury as elevation of lipid peroxidation was larger compared to hydrogen peroxide accompanied by reduced levels of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione reductase) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid and glutathione) antioxidants. Proline content was significantly higher at 1 and 2 ppm Se but diminished considerably at 4 and 6 ppm levels concomitant with the reduced growth. Exogenous application of proline (50 µM) resulted in substantiation of its endogenous levels that antagonised the toxic effects of Se by improving the growth of seedlings. The stress injury was reduced significantly with simultaneous increase in enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Especially the components of ascorbate-glutathione cycle showed larger stimulation with proline application. The role of proline in mitigating the toxic effects of Se is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mini Aggarwal
- Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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97
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Metabolite profiling of sucrose effect on the metabolism of Melissa officinalis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 399:3519-28. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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98
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Špoljarević M, Agić D, Lisjak M, Gumze A, Wilson ID, Hancock JT, Teklić T. The relationship of proline content and metabolism on the productivity of maize plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2011; 6:251-7. [PMID: 21415600 PMCID: PMC3121986 DOI: 10.4161/psb.6.2.14336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The free proline content in maize ear-leaves, silk and pollen were analyzed in field grown plants which had matured to the pollination stage. Using maize hybrids PR34F02, PR35P12 and PR36B08 field trials were set up at two locations in eastern Croatia in two different years. Two enzymes of proline metabolism were analyzed in the same leaf samples and specific activities of synthetase (P5CS) and proline dehydrogenase (PDH). Plant productivity was evaluated at harvest by the estimation of total and fully developed grain number per ear and per plant, the mean single grain mass, and the mass of grain per plant. The year in which the plants were grown had a very significant effect on the free proline content in the leaf and pollen, as well as on the enzyme activities assayed. The differences between the plants from the two localities were very significant in all tested parameters of plant grain productivity. There was a significant genotype effect on proline content and P5CS total activity in leaf and on all the productivity parameters. Some of the correlations established suggest that the rate of proline synthesis and degradation in maize ear-leaf at pollination might contribute to the final grain production of the maize plant. Multiple regression analyses was used to further analyze the relationship between proline and grain productivity, but it is clear that future work should include other environmental conditions, plant species and organs such as roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Špoljarević
- University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer; Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Osijek, Croatia
| | - Dejan Agić
- University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer; Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Lisjak
- University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer; Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Osijek, Croatia
| | - Andrej Gumze
- University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer; Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Osijek, Croatia
| | - Ian D Wilson
- University of the West of England; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Bristol, UK
| | - John T Hancock
- University of the West of England; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences; Bristol, UK
| | - Tihana Teklić
- University of Josip Juraj Strossmayer; Faculty of Agriculture in Osijek; Osijek, Croatia
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99
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Gill SS, Tuteja N. Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2010; 48:909-30. [PMID: 20870416 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4348] [Impact Index Per Article: 310.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2010] [Revised: 08/11/2010] [Accepted: 08/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Various abiotic stresses lead to the overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plants which are highly reactive and toxic and cause damage to proteins, lipids, carbohydrates and DNA which ultimately results in oxidative stress. The ROS comprises both free radical (O(2)(-), superoxide radicals; OH, hydroxyl radical; HO(2), perhydroxy radical and RO, alkoxy radicals) and non-radical (molecular) forms (H(2)O(2), hydrogen peroxide and (1)O(2), singlet oxygen). In chloroplasts, photosystem I and II (PSI and PSII) are the major sites for the production of (1)O(2) and O(2)(-). In mitochondria, complex I, ubiquinone and complex III of electron transport chain (ETC) are the major sites for the generation of O(2)(-). The antioxidant defense machinery protects plants against oxidative stress damages. Plants possess very efficient enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; ascorbate peroxidase, APX; glutathione reductase, GR; monodehydroascorbate reductase, MDHAR; dehydroascorbate reductase, DHAR; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; guaicol peroxidase, GOPX and glutathione-S- transferase, GST) and non-enzymatic (ascorbic acid, ASH; glutathione, GSH; phenolic compounds, alkaloids, non-protein amino acids and α-tocopherols) antioxidant defense systems which work in concert to control the cascades of uncontrolled oxidation and protect plant cells from oxidative damage by scavenging of ROS. ROS also influence the expression of a number of genes and therefore control the many processes like growth, cell cycle, programmed cell death (PCD), abiotic stress responses, pathogen defense, systemic signaling and development. In this review, we describe the biochemistry of ROS and their production sites, and ROS scavenging antioxidant defense machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvajeet Singh Gill
- Plant Molecular Biology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
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100
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Proline induces calcium-mediated oxidative burst and salicylic acid signaling. Amino Acids 2010; 40:1473-84. [PMID: 20890619 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-010-0757-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Although free proline accumulation is a well-documented phenomenon in many plants in response to a variety of environmental stresses, and is proposed to play protective roles, high intracellular proline content, by either exogenous application or endogenous over-production, in the absence of stresses, is found to be inhibitory to plant growth. We have shown here that exogenous application of proline significantly induced intracellular Ca(2+) accumulation in tobacco and calcium-dependent ROS production in Arabidopsis seedlings, which subsequently enhanced salicylic acid (SA) synthesis and PR genes expression. This suggested that proline can promote a reaction similar to hypersensitive response during pathogen infection. Other amino acids, such as glutamate, but not arginine and phenylalanine, were also found to be capable of inducing PR gene expression. In addition, proline at concentration as low as 0.5 mM could induce PR gene expression. However, proline could not induce the expression of PDF1.2 gene, the marker gene for jasmonic acid signaling pathway. Furthermore, proline-induced SA production is mediated by NDR1-dependent signaling pathway, but not that mediated by PAD4. Our data provide evidences that exogenous proline, and probably some other amino acids can specifically induce SA signaling and defense response.
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