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Azhar S, Ross AM, Keller E, Weed J, Acevedo G. Predictors of Food Insecurity and Childhood Hunger in the Bronx During the COVID-19 Pandemic. CHILD & ADOLESCENT SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL : C & A 2023:1-14. [PMID: 37363071 PMCID: PMC10183692 DOI: 10.1007/s10560-023-00927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted a survey of 218 food pantry recipients in the south Bronx to determine predictors of food insecurity and childhood hunger. In adjusted multiple regression models, statistically significant risk factors for food insecurity included: having one or more children and not having health insurance. Statistically significant protectors against childhood hunger were: having a graduate degree, having health insurance and Spanish being spoken at home. Experiencing depression symptoms was positively associated with both food insecurity and childhood hunger. Frequency of food pantry use was not significantly associated with either food insecurity nor childhood hunger. This study suggests that targeting families with multiple children and without insurance will best help to promote food security among residents of the south Bronx. Social policy implications related to food security and benefit provision through the COVID-19 pandemic are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameena Azhar
- Fordham University, Graduate School of Social Service, 113 W. 60th Street, Room 716E, New York, NY 10023 USA
| | - Abigail M. Ross
- Fordham University, Graduate School of Social Service, 113 W. 60th Street, Room 716E, New York, NY 10023 USA
| | - Eve Keller
- Fordham University, Fordham College at Rose Hill, New York, USA
| | | | - Gregory Acevedo
- Fordham University, Graduate School of Social Service, 113 W. 60th Street, Room 716E, New York, NY 10023 USA
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Nicklett EJ, Cheng GJ, Morris ZA. Predictors of food insecurity among older adults before and during COVID-19 in the United States. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1112575. [PMID: 37250079 PMCID: PMC10213641 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1112575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has strained the health and wellbeing of older adult populations through increased morbidity, mortality, and social exclusion. However, the impact of COVID-19 on the health of older adults through food security has received relatively little attention, despite the strong impact of diet quality on the health and longevity of older adults. Objective The objective of this study was to identify sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors of self-reported food insecurity before and early in the COVID-19 pandemic among community-dwelling older adults in the United States. Methods Using longitudinal data from the Health and Retirement Study, a nationally representative sample of middle-aged and older adults in the United States, we examined the associations between sociodemographic and socioeconomic predictors of self-reported food insecurity between 2018 (N = 2,413) and June 2020 (N = 2,216) using population-weighted multivariate logistic regression models. Results The prevalence of food insecurity doubled among participants from 2018 (4.83%) to June 2020 (9.54%). In 2018, non-Hispanic Black and rural residents were more likely to report food insecurity, while individuals with higher education and greater wealth were less likely to report food insecurity in adjusted models. In June 2020, those who were relatively younger, not working due to a disability, and renting were more likely to report food insecurity. Those with an increased number of functional limitations, a recent onset of a work-limiting disability, and those who were no longer homeowners experienced an elevated longitudinal risk for food insecurity. Conclusion Future research should examine effective policies and interventions to address the disproportionate impacts of COVID-19 on populations at a heightened risk of experiencing food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Joy Nicklett
- Department of Social Work, College for Health, Community and Policy, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Greta Jianjia Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Zachary A. Morris
- School of Social Welfare, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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Lo AE, Duffy EW, Ng SW. Differences in a Chain Supermarket's Sales to SNAP Shoppers Before and Since the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2023; 55:343-353. [PMID: 37164550 PMCID: PMC10228633 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study 1) compares grocery sales to Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) shoppers in rural and urban grocery stores and 2) estimates changes in sales to SNAP shoppers in North Carolina (NC) since the pandemic. DESIGN Weekly transaction data among loyalty shoppers at a large grocery chain across NC from October 2019 to December 2020 (n = 32; 182 store weeks) to assess nutritional outcomes. SETTING North Carolina large chain grocery stores. PARTICIPANTS Large chain grocery store/SNAP shoppers. INTERVENTION Rural/urban status of the stores and COVID-19 pandemic onset. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Share of total calories sold from fruits, vegetables, nuts, and legumes (FVNL) with and without additives, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), less healthful foods (LHF), and processed meats (PM). ANALYSIS Multivariate random effects models with robust standard errors to examine the association of rural/urban status before and since coronavirus disease 2019 with the share of calories sold to SNAP shoppers from each food category. We controlled for county-level factors (eg, sociodemographic composition, food environment) and store-level factors. RESULTS We did not find significant rural-urban differences in the composition of sales to SNAP shoppers in adjusted models. There was a significant decrease in the mean share of total calories from sugar-sweetened beverages (-0.43%) and less healthful food (-1.32%) and an increase in the share from processed meats (0.09%) compared with before the pandemic (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Urban-rural definitions are insufficient to understand nuances in food environments, and more support is needed to ensure healthy food access.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Elizabeth Lo
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Emily Welker Duffy
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Shu Wen Ng
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health and School of Medicine, and Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.
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Baxter SLK, Koob CE, Hossfeld CML, Griffin SF, Mobley C, Hossfeld LH. Food Insecurity, the Food Environment, and COVID-19 in Rural South Carolina. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2023; 46:128-135. [PMID: 36799946 PMCID: PMC9930688 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we explored the relationship between the food environment and food security among rural adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Researchers, with assistance from community partners, conducted a cross-sectional survey assessing the impact of COVID-19 on food access, food security, and physical activity in 9 rural South Carolina (SC) counties. This survey was administered to a purposive sample (N = 587) from August 2020 to March 2021. The dependent variable was a binary indicator of food insecurity (past 3 months), in accordance with the USDA Household Food Security Survey Module. Independent variables were sociodemographic characteristics, food environment factors (eg, shopping at grocery stores, partial markets, and farmers' markets), and shopping behaviors during the pandemic. Overall, 31% of respondents were food insecure. Food security status differed by income and household composition. Results indicate that the odds of food insecurity were higher for respondents who shopped frequently at partial markets (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-2.56) and shopped more for food before the pandemic than during the pandemic (AOR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.07-2.64). Findings underscore the importance of examining the relationship between the food environment and food insecurity during COVID-19 in rural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel L. K. Baxter
- Public Health Science, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Baxter, Koob, Hossfeld and Griffin); Sociology, Athropology and Criminal Justice, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Mobley); and Dean of College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Hossfeld)
| | - Caitlin E. Koob
- Public Health Science, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Baxter, Koob, Hossfeld and Griffin); Sociology, Athropology and Criminal Justice, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Mobley); and Dean of College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Hossfeld)
| | - Cassius M. L. Hossfeld
- Public Health Science, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Baxter, Koob, Hossfeld and Griffin); Sociology, Athropology and Criminal Justice, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Mobley); and Dean of College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Hossfeld)
| | - Sarah F. Griffin
- Public Health Science, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Baxter, Koob, Hossfeld and Griffin); Sociology, Athropology and Criminal Justice, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Mobley); and Dean of College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Hossfeld)
| | - Catherine Mobley
- Public Health Science, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Baxter, Koob, Hossfeld and Griffin); Sociology, Athropology and Criminal Justice, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Mobley); and Dean of College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Hossfeld)
| | - Leslie H. Hossfeld
- Public Health Science, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Baxter, Koob, Hossfeld and Griffin); Sociology, Athropology and Criminal Justice, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Mobley); and Dean of College of Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences, College of Behavioral, Social and Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina (Hossfeld)
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Kibe LW, Bazargan M, Bosah A, Schrode KM, Kuo Y, Andikrah E, Shaheen M. Diet Quality of Older African Americans: Impact of Knowledge and Perceived Threat of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5274. [PMID: 37047890 PMCID: PMC10094625 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Confusing health messages and environmental changes intended to prevent the spread of the COVID-19 virus have affected the dietary behavior of older African Americans. We investigated the impact of COVID-19-related factors on diet quality and the relationship between food access and diet quality. We surveyed 150 African Americans aged 55 years and above during the COVID-19 pandemic. The data obtained included socio-demographic and health information, and COVID-19-related knowledge and perceptions. Dietary intake data was obtained using the Diet History Questionnaire III. Analyses included bivariate and multivariable statistics. Overall, based on United States Department of Agriculture guidelines, the diet quality of older African Americans was poor. Lower knowledge and a lower perceived threat of COVID-19 were significantly associated with poor diet quality. Additionally, older African Americans with chronic diseases and food insecurity had poor diet quality. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the fragility of diet quality. The combined impact of poor knowledge and perceived threat of COVID-19, chronic disease, and food insecurity contribute to poor diet quality in this population. This study adds to the well-known need for strategies to support the right to a healthy diet, particularly during COVID-19 and future pandemics. Proactive interventions to counteract the potential consequences of poor diets are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy W. Kibe
- Physician Assistant Program, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Mohsen Bazargan
- Physician Assistant Program, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Adaobi Bosah
- Physician Assistant Program, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Katrina M. Schrode
- Department of Psychiatry, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Yufu Kuo
- Physician Assistant Program, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Edward Andikrah
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
| | - Magda Shaheen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science (CDU), Los Angeles, CA 90059, USA
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Austin SB, Beccia AL, Raffoul A, Jackson DA, Sarda V, Hart JE, Chavarro JE, Rich-Edwards J. Financial precarity, food insecurity, and psychological distress prospectively linked with use of potentially dangerous dietary supplements during the pandemic in the US. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1120942. [PMID: 36935695 PMCID: PMC10018192 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Supplements sold with claims to promote weight loss, cleansing/detoxing, increased energy, or boosted immunity can be dangerous, and consumers experiencing extreme stressors may be especially vulnerable to deceptive claims. The purpose of our study was to investigate associations of financial strain and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic with use of supplements sold for weight loss, cleanse/detox, energy, or immunity. Methods We used repeated-measures data gathered over five survey waves from April/May 2020-April 2021 from the COVID-19 Substudy (N = 54,951), within three prospective US national cohorts (Nurses' Health Study 2, Nurses' Health Study 3, and Growing Up Today Study), to investigate longitudinal associations between financial strain and psychological distress and risk of use of potentially dangerous types of supplements. Surveys assessed use of supplements prior to and during the first year of the pandemic, as well as financial precarity, food insecurity, depressive and anxiety symptoms, perceived stress, and daily hassles. We fit sociodemographic-adjusted modified Poisson GEE models to estimate risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between baseline or lagged time-varying predictors and prevalent or incident (i.e., new-onset) use of each supplement type. Results At baseline in April/May 2020, soon after pandemic onset, current use of supplement types was: weight loss 2.7%; cleanse/detox 3.2%; energy 4.4%; immune 22.6%. By the end of the study period, cumulative incidence was: weight loss 3.5%; cleanse/detox 3.7%; energy 4.5%; immune 21.3%. In prevalent-use analyses, financial precarity, food insecurity, and psychological distress were associated with up to 2.4 times the risk of use of these types of supplements across the study period. Similarly, in incident-use analyses, financial precarity and psychological distress were associated with up to 2.1 times the risk of initiating use; whereas, high food insecurity was associated with nearly 1.8 times higher risk of onset of weight-loss supplements use but was not associated with onset of use of other types of supplements. Discussion We found consistent evidence that during the first year of the pandemic, participants experiencing elevated financial strain and psychological distress were at heightened risk of initiating use of potentially dangerous types of supplements. Our findings raise concerns about deceptive claims about the safety and product effectiveness by manufacturers of these supplements to profit from vulnerable consumers during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Bryn Austin
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ariel L. Beccia
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Amanda Raffoul
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Destiny A. Jackson
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Vishnudas Sarda
- Division of Adolescent/Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jorge E. Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Janet Rich-Edwards
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Women's Health, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Anand S, Cao E, Kimura R, Guo W, Bassi N. Asian American Vaccination, Testing, and Other Healthcare Knowledge & Behaviors during COVID-19, A Systematic Review. Pathog Glob Health 2023; 117:120-133. [PMID: 35892162 PMCID: PMC9970223 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2022.2106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel COVID-19 variants continue to endanger global public health. Increasing COVID-19 vaccination, healthcare-related preventative behaviors, and general knowledge rates are all critical in halting COVID-19 spread. We evaluated Asian American COVID-19 healthcare-related behaviors and knowledge, due to the dearth of knowledge in this area and the unique social factor of COVID-19 related discrimination; discriminatory acts during the pandemic may play a role in COVID-19 related behavior adherence. Following PRISMA-P protocol, we conducted a systematic review. The search strategy combined synonyms of health-care behaviors and knowledge. Reviewers synthesized key themes across articles and assessed studies utilizing modified Newcastle-Ottawa criteria. Of the 2,518 articles, 32 were selected. Asian Americans reported greater COVID-19 vaccination willingness and decreased COVID-19 testing relative to other racial groups. Common COVID-19 vaccination concerns included vaccination side effects, long-term safety, and distrust of COVID-19 information sources. Asian Americans had high COVID-19 preventative behavior rates including mask-wearing, handwashing, and social isolation compared to other ethnic groups. Asian Americans, conversely, had lower COVID-19-related healthcare knowledge and telemedicine adoption levels relative to other participants. This systematic review informs public health officials and clinicians of COVID-19 related healthcare knowledge and behaviors in the Asian American population. Equipped with this knowledge, public health officials can better target messaging about vaccine safety concerns to the Asian American community and recognize the importance of tailoring COVID-19 educational materials to the heterogeneous Asian American subpopulations. This systematic review also provides insight into the unique telemedicine challenges physicians may face when engaging with Asian American patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahil Anand
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Evan Cao
- Department of Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Reona Kimura
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine at Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - William Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Naresh Bassi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Lindau ST, Jagai JS, Abramsohn EM, Fuller CM, Wroblewski KE, Pinkerton EA, Makelarski JA. Unwanted sexual activity among United States women early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023; 228:209.e1-209.e16. [PMID: 36241078 PMCID: PMC9553968 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2022.09.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Female sexual activity and, accordingly, birth rates tend to decline in times of stress, such as a pandemic. In addition, when resources are scarce or exogenous conditions are threatening, some women may engage in sexual activity primarily to maintain socioeconomic security. Having unwanted sex may indicate sexual activity in exchange for economic security. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to describe patterns and correlates of unwanted sex, defined as having sex more frequently than desired, among US women early in the COVID-19 pandemic. STUDY DESIGN The National US Women's Health COVID-19 Study was conducted in April 2020, using a nested quota sample design to enroll 3200 English-speaking women (88% cooperation rate) aged 18 to 90 years recruited from a research panel. The quota strata ensured sufficient sample sizes in sociodemographic groups of interest, namely, racial and ethnic subgroups. Patterns of sexual activity, including unwanted sex early in the pandemic, were described. To further elucidate the experiences of women reporting unwanted sex, open-ended responses to an item querying "how the coronavirus pandemic is affecting your sex life" were assessed using conventional content analysis. Logistic regression analyses-adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported health, and prepandemic health-related socioeconomic risk factors, including food insecurity, housing instability, utilities and transportation difficulties, and interpersonal violence-were used to model the odds of unwanted sex by a pandemic-related change in health-related socioeconomic risk factors. RESULTS The proportion of women who were sexually active early in the pandemic (51%) was about the same as in the 12 months before the pandemic (52%), although 7% of women became active, and 7% of women became inactive. Overall, 11% of sexually active women were having unwanted sex in the early pandemic. The rates of anxiety, depression, traumatic stress symptoms, and each of the 5 health-related socioeconomic risk factors assessed were about 2 times higher among women having unwanted sex than other women (P<.001). Women having unwanted sex were also 5 times more likely than other women to report an increased frequency of sex since the pandemic (65% vs 13%; P<.001) and 6 times more likely to be using emergency contraception (18% vs 3%; P<.001). Women reporting unwanted sex commonly described decreased libido or interest in sex related to mood changes since the pandemic, having "more sex," fear or worry about the transmission of the virus because of sex, and having sex to meet the partner's needs. Among sexually active women, the odds of unwanted sex (adjusting for demographic, reproductive, and health factors) were higher among women with 1 prepandemic health-related socioeconomic risk factor (adjusted odds ratio, 2.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-3.8) and 2 or more prepandemic health-related socioeconomic risk factors (adjusted odds ratio, 6.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.4-10.6). Among sexually active women with any prepandemic health-related socioeconomic risk factor, those with new or worsening transportation difficulties early in the pandemic were particularly vulnerable to unwanted sex (adjusted odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7-4.3). CONCLUSION More than 1 in 10 sexually active US women was having unwanted sex early in the COVID-19 pandemic. Socioeconomically vulnerable women, especially those with new or worsening transportation problems because of the pandemic, were more likely than others to engage in unwanted sex. Pandemic response and recovery efforts should seek to mitigate unwanted sexual activity and related health and social risks among women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacy T Lindau
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Medicine Geriatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
| | - Jyotsna S Jagai
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Emily M Abramsohn
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Charles M Fuller
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - El A Pinkerton
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jennifer A Makelarski
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; College of Science and Health, Benedictine University, Lisle, IL
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Oliver TL, Diewald LK, McKeever A, George CA, Shenkman R. Empowering Community Leadership: Perspectives of Peer Mentors Facilitating a Food Pantry-Based Nutrition Education Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2604. [PMID: 36767968 PMCID: PMC9915877 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Peer Mentors (PMs) are valuable health educators within food-insecure communities; however, little is known about PMs' perspectives and experiences after serving in their peer mentor role. Therefore, this qualitative study explored PMs' (n = 10) perceptions and analyzed data using thematic analysis based on descriptive phenomenology. Four themes emerged: (1) Successes and Struggles in Sharing Nutrition Knowledge; (2) Establishing a Conducive Learning Environment; (3) The Peer Mentor and Mentee Connection: Impact of Shared Experiences; (4) Empowerment of the Peer Mentor Experience. PMs have many advantages; however, more research is needed to evaluate the sustainability and efficacy of PMs within food-insecure communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L. Oliver
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Lisa K. Diewald
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- MacDonald Center for Obesity Prevention and Education, M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Amy McKeever
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Cerena A. George
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
| | - Rebecca Shenkman
- M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
- MacDonald Center for Obesity Prevention and Education, M. Louise Fitzpatrick College of Nursing, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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Dlamini SN, Craig A, Mtintsilana A, Mapanga W, Du Toit J, Ware LJ, Norris SA. Food insecurity and coping strategies and their association with anxiety and depression: a nationally representative South African survey. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1-11. [PMID: 36691695 PMCID: PMC10131152 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980023000186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate food insecurity and related coping strategies among South African households and their associations with anxiety and depression. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. Food insecurity and coping strategies were assessed using a modified Community Childhood Hunger Identification Project and the Coping Strategies Index questionnaires. The Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used to assess anxiety and depression risk. Ordered logistic regressions were used to test associations of food insecurity and related coping strategies with anxiety and depression. SETTING South Africa during COVID-19, October 2021. PARTICIPANTS Nationally representative sample of 3402 adults, weighted to 39,640,674 South African households. RESULTS About 20·4 % of South African households were food insecure, with the most affected being from the lowest socio-economic groups. Shifting from 'food secure' to 'at risk' or from 'at risk' to 'food insecure' group was associated with 1·7 times greater odds of being in a higher category of anxiety or depression (P < 0·001). All coping strategies were used to some extent in South African households, with 46·0 % relying on less preferred and less expensive foods and 20·9 % sending a household member to beg for food. These coping strategies were mostly used by food-insecure households. Although the odds of moving to a higher category of anxiety and depression were observed among all coping strategies (all P < 0·001), begging for food was associated with the highest odds (OR = 2·3). CONCLUSIONS Food insecurity remains a major health threat in South Africa. Public measures to address mental health should consider reductions in food insecurity as part of their strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siphiwe N Dlamini
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg1862, South Africa
| | - Ashleigh Craig
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg1862, South Africa
| | - Asanda Mtintsilana
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg1862, South Africa
| | - Witness Mapanga
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg1862, South Africa
| | - Justin Du Toit
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Lisa J Ware
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg1862, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Shane A Norris
- SAMRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg1862, South Africa
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Human Development, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa
- Global Health Research Institute, School of Health and Human Development, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Kopels MC, Roulette CJ. Food insecurity, diet and mental distress among resource insecure students during COVID-19. Evol Med Public Health 2023; 11:18-29. [PMID: 36820239 PMCID: PMC9938529 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoad001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives It is well documented that college student populations are vulnerable to food insecurity and other adverse environmental conditions. Additionally, exposure to environmental adversity can have deleterious, long-term effects on physical and mental health. This study applies evolutionary life history theory to examine the relationship between environmental adversity, mental distress and diet among resource insecure university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methodology Structured and semi-structured surveys were used to assess perceptions of environmental adversity (including mortality risk, food insecurity and resource availability; and changes in these factors over the course of COVID-19), mental distress, diet and use of campus support services. Participants included 51 college students recruited through an economic crisis center located at a large public university in southern California. Results Most students were experiencing mental distress and food insecurity, and food insecurity and other components of adversity increased during COVID-19. Food insecurity was significantly associated with both perceived extrinsic mortality risk and mental distress, whereas mental distress was significantly associated with reduced dietary quality and caloric intake. Use of two or more campus support resources and/or living with family or rent free disrupted the associations of food insecurity with extrinsic mortality risk and mental distress. Conclusion and Implication This study contributes to a growing body of applied evolutionary frameworks concerned with the health and wellbeing of economically vulnerable populations. It also provides novel insights informed by life history theory into interventions and recommendations for improving support services for financially insecure college students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Casey J Roulette
- Department of Anthropology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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Banks KC, Mooney CM, Borthwell R, Victorino K, Coutu S, Mazzolini K, Dzubnar J, Browder TD, Victorino GP. Racial Disparities Among Trauma Patients During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Surg Res 2023; 281:89-96. [PMID: 36137357 PMCID: PMC9420714 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the disparate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people of color, we hypothesized that patients of color experienced a disproportionate increase in trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS We compared trauma patients arriving in the 3 y before our statewide stay-at-home mandate on March 20, 2020 (PRE) to those arriving in the year afterward (POST). In addition to race/ethnicity, we assessed patient demographics and other clinical variables. Chi-squared, Fisher's exact, and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for univariate analyses. A multivariable logistic regression was performed to assess for associations with mortality. RESULTS During the study period, 8583 patients were included in the PRE group and 2883 were included in the POST group. There were increases in penetrating trauma (PRE 14.7%, POST 23.1%; P < 0.001) and mortality rates (PRE 3.20%, POST 4.60%; P < 0.001). From PRE to POST, the percentage of Black patients increased from 35.0% to 38.3% (P = 0.01) and the percentage of Hispanic patients increased from 19.2% to 23.0% (P < 0.001). After a multivariable analysis, Asian patients experienced an independent increase in mortality from PRE to POST (odds ratio 2.00, 95% confidence interval 1.13-3.54, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Penetrating trauma and mortality rates increased during the pandemic. There was a simultaneous increase in the percentage of Black and Hispanic trauma patients. Asian patient mortality increased significantly after the start of the pandemic independent of other variables. Identifying racial/ethnic disparities is the first step in finding ways to improve dissimilar outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kian C Banks
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California.
| | - Colin M Mooney
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California
| | - Rachel Borthwell
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kealia Victorino
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California
| | - Sophia Coutu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California
| | - Kirea Mazzolini
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California
| | - Jessica Dzubnar
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California
| | - Timothy D Browder
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California
| | - Gregory P Victorino
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California
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Rosinger AY, Bethancourt HJ, Young SL. Tap Water Avoidance Is Associated with Lower Food Security in the United States: Evidence from NHANES 2005-2018. J Acad Nutr Diet 2023; 123:29-40.e3. [PMID: 35872245 PMCID: PMC10119945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity has profound nutritional and public health consequences. Water insecurity may exacerbate food insecurity, yet little is known about the association between water and food insecurity in the United States or other high-income countries. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate how tap water avoidance, a proxy of water insecurity, covaries with food insecurity; examine how the probability of food insecurity changed by tap water avoidance between 2005 and 2018; and test how the association between tap water avoidance and food insecurity differed across income and housing statuses. DESIGN This was a secondary analysis of the cross-sectional 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Participants were 31,390 US adults 20 years and older. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome was food insecurity, using the US Food Security Survey Module. STATISTICAL ANALYSES Adjusted logistic regression models estimated how tap water avoidance was associated with the odds of food insecurity. Predicted probabilities of food insecurity over time and by income and housing status were plotted using marginal standardization. RESULTS Adults who avoided tap water had 21% higher odds (95% CI 1.09 to 1.34) of food insecurity compared with those who drank tap water. The probability of any food insecurity doubled between 2005-2006 and 2017-2018 and was consistently higher for tap water avoiders. Food insecurity decreased across both tap water drinkers and avoiders as income increased, but was higher among tap water avoiders at all income levels. Likewise, food insecurity was higher among renters than among homeowners but was higher among tap water avoiders in both housing groups. CONCLUSIONS Tap water avoidance is positively associated with food insecurity in the United States, and both insecurities have increased over time. Efforts to mitigate food insecurity should simultaneously address water insecurity issues, including tap water availability and quality, as these may be a modifiable contributors to food insecurity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asher Y Rosinger
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA; Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA.
| | - Hilary J Bethancourt
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
| | - Sera L Young
- Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL; Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University, Evanston IL
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Azan A, Stephens J, Xie X, Fiori K, Gover M. COVID-19 and Changes in Reported Social Risk Factors at a Primary Care Practice in the South Bronx. J Prim Care Community Health 2023; 14:21501319221147136. [PMID: 36625253 PMCID: PMC9834620 DOI: 10.1177/21501319221147136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Historically, Black and Hispanic patient populations in the Bronx Borough of New York City have experienced the highest rates of social risk factors, and associated poor health outcomes, in New York State. During the pandemic, Bronx communities disproportionately experienced high rates of COVID-19 illness and death. To date, little is known regarding the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on social risk factors in urban, at-risk communities. This study aimed to determine how social risk factors changed during the pandemic in a Bronx-based patient population. METHODS Study participants were adult patients seen at a Federally Qualified Health Center in the South Bronx. Using a paired longitudinal study design, 300 participants were randomly selected for telephonic outreach during the pandemic from a sample of 865 participants who had been offered a social risk factor screener in the year prior to the pandemic. The outreach survey used included the social risk factor screener and questions regarding COVID-19 illness burden and prior engagement in social services. The McNemar test was used to analyze trends in reported social risks. RESULTS Housing quality needs, food insecurity, and legal care needs significantly increased during the pandemic. Participants who reported COVID-19 illness burden were 1.47 times more likely to report a social risk factor (P = .02). No significant relationship was found between prior enrollment in clinic-based social services and degree of reported social risk (P = .06). CONCLUSION Housing quality needs, food insecurity, and legal care needs increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in a predominantly Black and Hispanic identifying urban patient population. Urgently addressing this increase is imperative to achieving health equity in ongoing COVID-19 mitigation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Azan
- Montefiore Medical Center, NY,
USA
- NYU Langone Health, New York, NY,
USA
| | | | - Xianhong Xie
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kevin Fiori
- Montefiore Medical Center, NY,
USA
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine,
Bronx, NY, USA
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Martell ME, Roncolato L. Economic Vulnerability of Sexual Minorities: Evidence from the US Household Pulse Survey. POPULATION RESEARCH AND POLICY REVIEW 2023; 42:28. [PMID: 37033089 PMCID: PMC10073799 DOI: 10.1007/s11113-023-09778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite improvements in the legal and social environment, economic outcomes for LGBTQ individuals suggest a high degree of vulnerability. We use data on over 500,000 individuals collected from July 21, 2021 to May 9, 2022 as part of US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse survey which is the Bureau’s first survey to collect self-reported sexual orientation and gender identity. We use linear probability models to answer several questions related to the economic experience of lesbian, gay and bisexual (LGB) individuals during this time period. We find that lesbian women, bisexual women, and bisexual men were more likely than their heterosexual counterparts to be in a household that experienced pandemic related job loss. Bisexual men were more likely than heterosexual men to have difficulty paying their expenses, experience food insufficiency and experience housing insecurity in the last week. Lesbian and bisexual women were more likely than heterosexual women to report expense difficulty and food insufficiency. The vulnerability we observe may have been exacerbated by the pandemic but appears to be largely due to pre-existing—and likely continuing—inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. Martell
- grid.252838.60000 0001 2375 3628Bard College, 30 Campus Road, Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504 USA
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Associations between socioeconomic gradients and racial disparities in preadolescent brain outcomes. Pediatr Res 2022:10.1038/s41390-022-02399-9. [PMID: 36456690 PMCID: PMC10232675 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-022-02399-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to determine the extent to which socioeconomic characteristics of the home and neighborhood are associated with racial inequalities in brain outcomes. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline dataset (v.2.0.1) from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. Cognitive performance was assessed using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox (NIH-TB) cognitive battery. Standard socioeconomic indicators of the family and neighborhood were derived from census-related statistics. Cortical morphometric measures included MRI-derived thickness, area, and volume. RESULTS 9638 children were included. Each NIH-TB cognitive measure was negatively associated with household and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. Differences in cognitive scores between Black or Hispanic children and other racial groups were mitigated by higher household income. Most children from lowest-income families or residents in impoverished neighborhoods were Black or Hispanic. These disparities were associated with racial differences in NIH-TB measures and mediated by smaller cortical brain volumes. CONCLUSIONS Neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics are associated with racial differences in preadolescent brain outcomes and mitigated by greater household income. Household income mediates racial differences more strongly than neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators in brain outcomes. Highlighting these socioeconomic risks may direct focused policy-based interventions such as allocation of community resources to ensure equitable brain outcomes in children. IMPACT Neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics are associated with racial differences in preadolescent brain outcomes and mitigated by greater household income. Household income mediates racial differences more strongly than neighborhood-level socioeconomic indicators in brain outcomes. Highlighting these disparities related to socioeconomic risks may direct focused policy-based interventions such as allocation of community resources to ensure equitable brain outcomes in children.
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Singla DR, Savel K, Dennis CL, Kim J, Silver RK, Vigod S, Dalfen A, Meltzer-Brody S. Scaling up Mental Healthcare for Perinatal Populations: Is Telemedicine the Answer? Curr Psychiatry Rep 2022; 24:881-887. [PMID: 36401679 PMCID: PMC9676781 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Telemedicine has transformed our ability to access and offer mental healthcare. There remain key questions to facilitate scalable, patient-centered solutions for perinatal mental health. We critically evaluate the recent literature and propose potential future directions. RECENT FINDINGS The current literature highlights the promise of telemedicine in the prevention and treatment of perinatal depression, including the preference for and the potential efficacy of telemedicine-delivered mental healthcare when compared to in-person treatments. There remains a need for large, adequately powered randomized controlled trials; integration of trauma into depression and anxiety trials, transdiagnostic treatment of perinatal women, and scaling up these effective treatments into existing health and payer systems. Pragmatic, evidence-based solutions exist to effectively scale-up treatments for perinatal mental health. While research is underway to address the growing treatment gap, questions remain regarding who will deliver and pay for these treatments and how we can leverage telemedicine to treat perinatal mental health transdiagnostically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy R Singla
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 60 White Squirrel Way, Rm 313, Toronto, ON, M6J 1H4, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute and Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Katarina Savel
- Department of Psychiatry, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute and Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
| | - Cindy-Lee Dennis
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Lawerence S. Bloomberg Faculty of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem and University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Richard K Silver
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem and University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, USA
| | - Simone Vigod
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ariel Dalfen
- Department of Psychiatry, Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute and Sinai Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Women's College Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Kelly JA, Walsh JL, Christenson E, Glasman LR, Galletly CL, Quinn KG, Algiers OH, Pearson B, Amirkhanian YA. 1000 Hometown Heroes: Mobilising community social influencers for COVID-19 prevention, care and coping. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e5703-e5713. [PMID: 36062481 PMCID: PMC9538277 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.14000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) created life-disrupting stressors that disproportionately burden disadvantaged communities with devastating impacts that extend far beyond the burden of the disease itself, including joblessness, housing and food insecurity, educational system upheavals, isolation due to disrupted relationships, worsened mental health and substance use and violence. Socially interconnected community members are resources whose efforts can be mobilised to improve COVID-19 coping within their social networks. This research examined the feasibility, acceptability, and reach of a social media-based peer influencer intervention for COVID-19 coping. Over a 9-month period in 2020, the project enrolled 1253 social influencers in Milwaukee-primarily ethnic and racial minorities-who regularly received and passed along messages to members of their social networks that provided advice about COVID-19 pandemic coping, economic survival, health protection, mental health, family needs, social justice and other impacts. Messages were shared by influencers with others over social media and also text messages, phone calls and conversations. Facebook social media tracking metrics objectively measured the community reach of social influencers' messages. Quantitative surveys and qualitative follow-up interviews with a subset of influencers also measured the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Social media monitoring metrics showed that, by the end of the project, influencers' messages reached an average of 7978 unique individuals per week and had an average of 13,894 total views per week, with more than 140,000 total cumulative organic impressions. More than half of social influencers indicated that-beyond Facebook message sharing-they shared COVID-19 prevention, care, and coping messages with social network members in conversations, phone calls and text messages. Social influencers reported that they valued having the opportunity to help community members to cope with pandemic stressors by conveying practical COVID-19 coping advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A. Kelly
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Walsh
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Erika Christenson
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Laura R. Glasman
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Carol L. Galletly
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Katherine G. Quinn
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Olivia H. Algiers
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Broderick Pearson
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
| | - Yuri A. Amirkhanian
- Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR)Medical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWisconsinUSA
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Wu TY, Bessire R, Ford O, Rainville AJ, Man Chong C, Caboral-Stevens M. Food Insecurity and Diabetes: An Investigation of Underserved Asian Americans in Michigan. Health Promot Pract 2022; 23:67S-75S. [DOI: 10.1177/15248399221116088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Asian Americans are at increased risk for nutrition-related chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes among Asian Americans in the United States is 16.7% compared to 11.3% among the general U.S. population. Genetic factors such as higher body fat and lower muscle mass result in a predisposition for the development of diabetes at a lower body mass index (BMI). Social determinants including food insecurity and physical environment may also impact risk and need further examination. This study investigated type 2 diabetes–related indicators and food insecurity and satisfaction with types and quality of foods provided through food box distributions with a focus on Asian American populations in Michigan. Data were collected via a survey implemented in partnership with community organizations that administer food box distributions. Nearly half of respondents were not aware that Asian Americans are at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The mean BMI for overall study participants was 25.6, and 61.8% of participants had a BMI of ≥23. Food insecurity was also negatively associated with BMI with study participants who were overweight reporting less food insecurity. Overall, participants reported being satisfied with both the types and quality of foods provided in the food boxes. Findings support the need for increased diabetes education and testing among Asian Americans and assessment of the types of culturally relevant foods offered by food distribution organizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsu-Yin Wu
- Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
| | | | - Olivia Ford
- Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, MI, USA
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Haro-Ramos AY, Bacong AM. Prevalence and risk factors of food insecurity among Californians during the COVID-19 pandemic: Disparities by immigration status and ethnicity. Prev Med 2022; 164:107268. [PMID: 36150445 PMCID: PMC9487147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2022.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated socioeconomic disparities in food insecurity. Non-citizens, who do not qualify for most publicly-funded food assistance programs, may be most vulnerable to food insecurity during the pandemic. However, no study has examined heterogeneity in food insecurity by immigration status and ethnicity in the context of the pandemic. We analyzed the 2020 non-restricted California Health Interview Survey to examine disparities in food insecurity by ethnicity and immigration status (i.e., US-born, naturalized, non-citizen) among Asians and Latinxs (N = 19,514) compared to US-born Whites. Weighted multivariable logistic regression analyses assessed the association of immigration status and ethnicity with food insecurity. Decomposition analyses assessed the extent to which pandemic-related economic stressors, including experiencing reduced work hours or losing a job versus pre-pandemic socioeconomic position (SEP), accounted for disparities in food insecurity by ethnicity and immigration status. Regardless of immigration status, Latinxs were more likely to experience food insecurity than Whites. Based on the adjusted analyses, non-citizen, naturalized, and US-born Latinxs had a predicted probability of 12%, 11.4%, and 11.9% of experiencing food insecurity, respectively. In contrast, non-citizen Asians, but not US-born or naturalized Asians, reported greater food insecurity than Whites (12.5% vs. 8.2%). SEP accounted for 43% to 66% of the relationship between immigration status-ethnicity and food insecurity. The pandemic exacerbated economic hardship, but food insecurity was largely explained by long-standing SEP-related factors among Latinxs, regardless of immigration status, and non-citizen Asians. To address disparities in food insecurity, social assistance programs and COVID-19 economic relief should be extended to non-citizens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alein Y Haro-Ramos
- University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health, 2121 Berkeley Way West, Berkeley, CA 94704, United States.
| | - Adrian M Bacong
- Stanford University, School of Medicine, 1215 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
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Federal Food Assistance Program Participation during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Participant Perspectives and Reasons for Discontinuing. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14214524. [PMID: 36364785 PMCID: PMC9654117 DOI: 10.3390/nu14214524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to describe reasons for discontinuing participation and experiences participating in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) and the Special Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional online survey distributed to a national sample, restricted to (1) households that discontinued participating in SNAP (n = 146) or WIC (n = 149) during the pandemic and (2) households that participated in SNAP (n = 501) or WIC (n = 141) during spring 2021—approximately one year into the pandemic. We conducted thematic analyses of open-ended survey questions and descriptive statistics for Likert-scale items. Themes raised by respondents who discontinued participating in SNAP or WIC included difficulty recertifying and virus exposure concerns. Former WIC participants reported the program was not worth the effort and former SNAP participants reported failing to requalify. Respondents participating in WIC or SNAP during the pandemic mentioned transportation barriers and insufficient benefit value. WIC participants had trouble redeeming benefits in stores and SNAP participants desired improved online grocery purchasing experiences. These results suggest that enhancements to WIC and SNAP, such as expanded online purchasing options, program flexibilities, and benefit increases, can improve program participation to ensure access to critical nutrition supports, especially during emergencies.
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Sohel MS, Shi G, Zaman NT, Hossain B, Halimuzzaman M, Akintunde TY, Liu H. Understanding the Food Insecurity and Coping Strategies of Indigenous Households during COVID-19 Crisis in Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh: A Qualitative Study. Foods 2022; 11:3103. [PMID: 36230179 PMCID: PMC9564301 DOI: 10.3390/foods11193103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the food insecurity and coping mechanisms among the indigenous Bangladeshi population of the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region to extract empirical evidence on the ongoing discussion on the COVID-19 pandemic-exacerbated food-insecurity situation. The study adopted a qualitative approach by interviewing 60 indigenous households. Data were collected in two phases between 15 June 2020, and 30 July 2021 in Bangladesh's Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) region. Thematic data analyses were performed using the Granheim approach and NVivo-12 software. The authors used Huston's social-ecological theory to explain the indigenous coping mechanisms. The research evidence revealed that most households experienced challenges over daily foods, manifesting in the decreasing consumption of them, the increased price of food items, a food crisis due to an income shock, malnutrition, the shifting to unhealthy food consumption, starvation and hunger, and food insufficiency, thereby leading to mental stress. This study further revealed that the indigenous population took crucial coping strategies to survive the pandemic. In response to COVID-19, they took loans and borrowed foods, reduced expenses, changed their food habits, avoided nutritional foods, relied on vegetables, sold domestic animals and properties, collected forest and hill foods, and depended on governmental and societal relief. This study also provides the in-depth policy actions for the urgent intervention of government, stakeholders, policymakers, NGOs, and development practitioners to take necessary initiatives to enhance the quality of life of the people that were affected by the post-pandemic recovery period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Salman Sohel
- School of Public Administration, Hohai University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Guoqing Shi
- Asian Research Center, Hohai University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Noshin Tasnim Zaman
- School of Humanities and Social Science, BRAC University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
| | - Babul Hossain
- Management Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210000, China
| | - Md. Halimuzzaman
- Department of Business Administration, Royal University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh
| | | | - Huicong Liu
- Department of Sociology, Hohai University, Nanjing 210000, China
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73
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Andersen JA, Willis DE, Malhis JR, Long CR, McElfish PA. The Association Between Education and Basic Needs Insecurity for Marshallese During the COVID-19 Pandemic. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:1882-1887. [PMID: 34403123 PMCID: PMC8370049 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01125-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore the prevalence of basic needs insecurity and to examine the association between education and basic needs insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic for Marshallese living in the USA. METHODS Survey data describing Marshallese experiences during the pandemic were analyzed using descriptive statistics and complementary log-log regression to test the association between education and basic needs insecurity. RESULTS Marshallese respondents reported no usual source of care (46%), less healthcare (22.3%), and difficulty obtaining medication (34.8%). Nearly 80% reported being food insecure, and 47.5% reported being housing insecure. Marshallese with a high school education or less had higher odds of reporting being food and housing insecure. DISCUSSION Basic needs insecurities are a serious threat to the health of Marshallese during the pandemic. Results from this study can inform interventions addressing food and housing insecurity, access to healthcare, and medication access for Marshallese communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Andersen
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - Don E Willis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - Joseph R Malhis
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - Christopher R Long
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA
| | - Pearl A McElfish
- College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Northwest, 1125 N. College Avenue, Fayetteville, AR, 72703, USA.
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74
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Wahid N, Badaracco C, Valladares AF, Depriest A, Collins A, Mitchell K. The Role of Inpatient Malnutrition Care to Address Health Disparities among Older Adults. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:S28-S33. [PMID: 36122956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naila Wahid
- Avalere Health, Washington, District of Columbia.
| | | | | | - Ashley Depriest
- WellStar Kennestone Regional Medical Center, Marietta, Georgia
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75
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Christensen KA, Hazzard VM, Richson BN, Hagan KE. Measures Used with Populations with Food Insecurity: A Call for Increased Psychometric Validation. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022; 122:1833-1836. [PMID: 35598731 PMCID: PMC9815665 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivienne M Hazzard
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota; Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - Kelsey E Hagan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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76
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Matthews CR, Rodriguez AX, Kabiri LS, Perkins-Ball AM, Perkins HY, Diep CS. Dietary behaviors and food insecurity among Houston college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-7. [PMID: 36170520 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2122722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective: This study assessed the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' nutrition, including dietary behaviors and food security status. Participants: Participants included 140 students between 18 and 25 years of age, who were enrolled in a college or university in the greater Houston area. Methods: Analyses included descriptive statistics, t tests, and ANOVAs to analyze differences in dietary behaviors by demographic variables, and chi-square tests to assess characteristics associated with food security status. Results: The majority of participants reported changing their diets due to the COVID-19 pandemic. There were no significant differences by demographics. However, there were significant differences in food security status by race/ethnicity and social class. Conclusion: This study identified changes and disparities in college students' dietary behaviors and food security status during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings help inform future policy, programs, and research to address college students' nutrition during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laura S Kabiri
- Kinesiology Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Heidi Y Perkins
- Kinesiology Department, Rice University, Houston, Texas, USA
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77
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Bharill S, Lin T, Arking A, Brown EA, West M, Busin K, Magge SN, Wolf RM. Worsening glycemic control in youth with type 2 diabetes during COVID-19. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2022; 3:968113. [PMID: 36992756 PMCID: PMC10012097 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.968113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately affected minority and lower socioeconomic populations, who also have higher rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D). The impact of virtual school, decreased activity level, and worsening food insecurity on pediatric T2D is unknown. The goal of this study was to evaluate weight trends and glycemic control in youth with existing T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic.MethodsA retrospective study of youth <21 years of age diagnosed with T2D prior to March 11, 2020 was conducted at an academic pediatric diabetes center to compare glycemic control, weight, and BMI in the year prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (March 2019-2020) to during COVID-19 (March 2020-2021). Paired t-tests and linear mixed effects models were used to analyze changes during this period.ResultsA total of 63 youth with T2D were included (median age 15.0 (IQR 14-16) years, 59% female, 74.6% black, 14.3% Hispanic, 77.8% with Medicaid insurance). Median duration of diabetes was 0.8 (IQR 0.2-2.0) years. There was no difference in weight or BMI from the pre-COVID-19 period compared to during COVID-19 (Weight: 101.5 v 102.9 kg, p=0.18; BMI: 36.0 v 36.1 kg/m2, p=0.72). Hemoglobin A1c significantly increased during COVID-19 (7.6% vs 8.6%, p=0.0002)ConclusionWhile hemoglobin A1c increased significantly in youth with T2D during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no significant change in weight or BMI possibly due to glucosuria associated with hyperglycemia. Youth with T2D are at high risk for diabetes complications, and the worsening glycemic control in this population highlights the need to prioritize close follow-up and disease management to prevent further metabolic decompensation.
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78
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Gilbert AS, Jabbari J, Hernández R. How Do Perceived Changes in Child and Adolescent Activities Relate to Perceptions of Health during COVID-19? Exploring Heterogeneity during the Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:11206. [PMID: 36141476 PMCID: PMC9517598 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 affected child/adolescent activities (e.g., extra-curricular, screen time), along with physical health (PH) and mental health (MH); however, less is known about the relationship between changes in activities and PH and MH in the United States and how these relationships vary by race/ethnicity. To address this gap, data were used from a national survey (Socio-Economic Impacts of COVID-19 Survey) administered May-June 2021 (n = 853). Multinomial logistic regression explored changes in outdoor, school, extracurricular, friend, and screen time activities with changes in PH and MH; interactions explored moderation by race/ethnicity. Results showed increases in outdoor (RRR 2.36, p = 0.003), school (RRR 3.07, p < 0.001), and extracurricular activities (RRR 3.05, p < 0.001), which were associated with increases in chances of better PH. Better MH was more likely for children/adolescents where friend activities (RRR 3.34, p < 0.001) and extracurriculars (RRR 4.48, p < 0.001) increased. Except for extracurriculars, heterogeneous relationships were observed (e.g., increases and decreases in activities were simultaneously related to better and worse health). The relationship between outdoor activities and screen time with health were moderated by race/ethnicity. Findings support facilitating outdoor, school, extracurricular, and friend activities, which were positively related to health. Given heterogeneity and variation by race/ethnicity, more research is needed to understand the complex relationship between activities and health during COVID-19.
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79
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Chung RJ, Ramirez MR, Best DL, Cohen MB, Chamberlain LJ. Advocacy and Community Engagement: Perspectives from Pediatric Department Chairs. J Pediatr 2022; 248:6-10.e3. [PMID: 35032554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Melanie R Ramirez
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Debra L Best
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC
| | - Mitchell B Cohen
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL
| | - Lisa J Chamberlain
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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80
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A Systematic Investigation of American Vaccination Preference via Historical Data. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10081665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
While COVID-19 vaccines are generally available, not all people receive vaccines. To reach herd immunity, most of a population must be vaccinated. It is, thus, important to identify factors influencing people’s vaccination preferences, as knowledge of these preferences allows for governments and health programs to increase their vaccine coverage more effectively. Fortunately, vaccination data were collected by U.S. Census Bureau in partnership with the CDC via the Household Pulse Survey (HPS) for Americans. This study presents the first analysis of the 24 vaccination datasets collected by the HPS from January 2021 to May 2022 for 250 million respondents of different ages, genders, sexual orientations, races, education statuses, marital statuses, household sizes, household income levels, and resources used for spending needs, and with different reasons for not receiving or planning to receive a vaccine. Statistical analysis techniques, including an analysis of variance (ANOVA), Tukey multiple comparisons test, and hierarchical clustering (HC), were implemented to analyze the HPS vaccination data in the R language. It was found that sexual orientation, gender, age, and education had statistically significant influences on the vaccination rates. In particular, the gay/lesbian group showed a higher vaccination rate than the straight group; the transgender group had a lower vaccination rate than either the female or the male groups; older respondents showed greater preference for vaccination; respondents with higher education levels also preferred vaccination. As for the other factors that were not significant enough to influence vaccinations in the ANOVA, notable trends were found. Asian Americans had higher vaccination rates than other races; respondents from larger household sizes had a lower chance of getting vaccinated; the unmarried group showed the lowed vaccination rate in the marital category; the respondents depending on borrowed money from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) showed a lower vaccination rate than people with regular incomes. Concerns regarding the side-effects and the safety of the vaccines were the two major reasons for vaccination hesitance at the beginning of the pandemic, while having no trust in the vaccines and no trust in the government became more common in the later stage of the pandemic. The findings in this study can be used by governments or organizations to improve their vaccination campaigns or methods of combating future pandemics.
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81
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Crandall AK, Madhudi N, Osborne B, Carter A, Williams AK, Temple JL. The effect of food insecurity and stress on delay discounting across families: a COVID-19 natural experiment. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1576. [PMID: 35986265 PMCID: PMC9388997 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Delay Discounting is the extent to which one prioritizes smaller immediate rewards over larger, delayed rewards. The ability to prospect into the future is associated with better health decision-making, which suggests that delay discounting is an important intervention target for the prevention and treatment of chronic disease. Delay discounting decreases throughout development and stressful experiences, particularly those that accompany poverty, may influence this developmental trajectory. The current study leveraged the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting economic downturn as a natural experiment to understand how changes in food insecurity and psychological stress may associated with changes in delay discounting among parents, adolescents, and children. METHODS A stratified cohort of families (N = 76 dyads), established prior to the initial pandemic lockdowns, were asked to complete a follow-up survey in the summer of 2020, during reopening. Thirty-seven (49%) families had an older adolescent (aged 15 - 18 years) in the study and 39 (51%) had an elementary aged child (aged 7 - 12 years) in the follow-up study. Both data collection points included measurements of economic position, psychological stress, food security status, and delay discounting. RESULTS The results showed that pandemic food insecurity was associated with greater stress among parents (β = 2.22, t(65.48) = 2.81, p = 0.007). Parents, Adolescents, and children significantly differed in their response to psychological stress during the pandemic (β = -0.03, t(102.45) = -2.58, p = 0.011), which was driven by a trend for children to show greater delay discounting associated with an increase in psychological stress during the pandemic (β = -0.01, p = 0.071), while adolescents and parents showed no change. CONCLUSIONS These findings add to the evidence that food insecurity is uniquely stressful among parents with no effects on delay discounting. Despite this, we found no evidence that food insecurity was stressful for child or adolescents. A trend in our data suggested that childhood, as compared with adolescence, may be an important developmental period for the association between stress and delay discounting. Future research should continue the longitudinal investigation of childhood stress and the developmental trajectory of delay discounting to ascertain how these effects may persist in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Crandall
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Nayana Madhudi
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bernadette Osborne
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Autum Carter
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aliaya K Williams
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer L Temple
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo School of Public Health and Health Professions, Buffalo, NY, USA
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Murrell AJ, Jones R, Rose S, Firestine A, Bute J. Food Security as Ethics and Social Responsibility: An Application of the Food Abundance Index in an Urban Setting. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10042. [PMID: 36011677 PMCID: PMC9408679 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191610042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High levels of food insecurity signal the presence of disparities and inequities in local food access that have been shown to negatively impact the health and well-being of individuals and communities. Some argue that the lack of healthy, affordable and culturally relevant food within a community represents a troubling social and ethical concern for any society. The current research conducts an assessment of a specific community utilizing the framework outlined by the Food Abundance Index (FAI) scorecard. Combined with contemporary regional data on the demographics of the area, data revealed extremely low scores for both access and density dimensions. Our findings can help business, community and policymakers better understand and target evidence-based solutions to address the issue of food insecurity within this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey J. Murrell
- David Berg Center for Ethics and Leadership, School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Ray Jones
- David Berg Center for Ethics and Leadership, School of Business, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Sam Rose
- Food21 of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA 15139, USA
| | - Alex Firestine
- College of Business Administration, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA
| | - Joe Bute
- Food21 of Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA 15139, USA
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Bekelman TA, Dong Y, Elliott AJ, Ferrara A, Friesen K, Galarce M, Gilbert-Diamond D, Glueck DH, Hedderson MM, Hockett CW, Karagas MR, Knapp EA, Lucchini M, McDonald JC, Sauder KA, Dabelea D. Health Behavior Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Analysis among Children. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19159220. [PMID: 35954577 PMCID: PMC9368377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19159220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study compared children’s health behaviors before the COVID-19 pandemic versus during the pandemic. This analysis examined the association between individual-level characteristics and health behavior change. Four prospective cohort studies in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program contributed data. Children aged 4−12 years and their caregivers were recruited in California, Colorado, North Dakota, and New Hampshire. Dietary intake, physical activity, screen time, and sleep duration were assessed with questionnaires pre-pandemic and during the pandemic. The final sample included 347 children: 47% female and 62% non-Hispanic White. Compared with pre-pandemic, weekday screen time duration was higher during the pandemic (3.0 vs. 4.5 h, p < 0.001). Unadjusted increases in screen time duration differed by race and ethnicity: 1.3 h/day for non-Hispanic White children, 2.3 h/day for Hispanic children, and 5.3 h/day for non-Hispanic Black children. Overall, no changes occurred in sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake (p = 0.26), discretionary food intake (p = 0.93), and physical activity (p = 0.15). Sleep duration increased by 30 min among children who did not meet sleep recommendations pre-pandemic. Child sex and maternal education level were not associated with health behavior change. The pandemic may have exacerbated disparities in some health behaviors. Families may need support to re-establish healthy routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traci A. Bekelman
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.F.); (D.H.G.); (K.A.S.); (D.D.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Yanan Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.D.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Amy J. Elliott
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57108, USA; (A.J.E.); (C.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57108, USA
| | - Assiamira Ferrara
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA; (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.H.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Kaylyn Friesen
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.F.); (D.H.G.); (K.A.S.); (D.D.)
| | - Maren Galarce
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA; (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.H.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (D.G.-D.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Deborah H. Glueck
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.F.); (D.H.G.); (K.A.S.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Monique M. Hedderson
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA; (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.H.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Christine W. Hockett
- Avera Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD 57108, USA; (A.J.E.); (C.W.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD 57108, USA
| | - Margaret R. Karagas
- Department of Epidemiology, Medicine and Pediatrics, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA; (D.G.-D.); (M.R.K.)
| | - Emily A. Knapp
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (Y.D.); (E.A.K.)
| | - Maristella Lucchini
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Julia C. McDonald
- Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA 94612, USA; (A.F.); (M.G.); (M.M.H.); (J.C.M.)
| | - Katherine A. Sauder
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.F.); (D.H.G.); (K.A.S.); (D.D.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Dana Dabelea
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; (K.F.); (D.H.G.); (K.A.S.); (D.D.)
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84
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Shaker Y, Grineski SE, Collins TW, Flores AB. Redlining, racism and food access in US urban cores. AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES 2022; 40:101-112. [PMID: 35891801 PMCID: PMC9303837 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-022-10340-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the 1930s, the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) graded the mortgage security of urban US neighborhoods. In doing so, the HOLC engaged in the practice, imbued with racism and xenophobia, of "redlining" neighborhoods deemed "hazardous" for lenders. Redlining has caused persistent social, political and economic problems for communities of color. Linkages between redlining and contemporary food access remain unexamined, even though food access is essential to well-being. To investigate this, we used a census tract-level measure of low-income and low grocery store food access from the US Department of Agriculture Food Access Research Atlas, redlining data from Mapping Inequality Project, and demographic data from the American Community Survey. We employed generalized estimating equations with robust covariance estimates to analyze data pertaining to 10,459 census tracts in 202 US cities. Tracts that the HOLC graded as "C" ("decline in desirability") and "D" ("hazardous") had reduced contemporary food access compared to those graded "A" ("best"). Increases in contemporary census tract proportions of Black, Hispanic, or other racial/ethnic minority residents, as well as disabled residents, were associated with reduced food access. Increases in contemporary proportions of residents age 75 years and older or those without a car were associated with better food access. Tracts that underwent housing redevelopment since being graded had better food access, while those undergoing gentrification had reduced food access. Results suggest that issues of redlining, housing discrimination, racism, ableism, displacement, and food inaccessibility are deeply intertwined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Shaker
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Rm. 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Center for Natural and Technological Hazards, University of Utah, 260 Central, Campus Dr., Rm. 4625, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Sara E. Grineski
- Department of Sociology, University of Utah, 380 S 1530 E, Rm. 301, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Center for Natural and Technological Hazards, University of Utah, 260 Central, Campus Dr., Rm. 4625, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Timothy W. Collins
- Department of Geography, University of Utah, 260 Central Campus Dr., Rm. 4625, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Center for Natural and Technological Hazards, University of Utah, 260 Central, Campus Dr., Rm. 4625, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
| | - Aaron B. Flores
- Center for Natural and Technological Hazards, University of Utah, 260 Central, Campus Dr., Rm. 4625, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA
- Department of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, 975 S Myrtle Ave, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA
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85
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Duffy EW, Vest DA, Davis CR, Hall MG, De Marco M, Ng SW, Taillie LS. "I Think That's the Most Beneficial Change That WIC Has Made in a Really Long Time": Perceptions and Awareness of an Increase in the WIC Cash Value Benefit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:8671. [PMID: 35886526 PMCID: PMC9324401 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19148671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
During the COVID-19 pandemic, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Cash Value Benefit (CVB) for fruits and vegetables increased by roughly USD 25/month/person. We sought to understand WIC participant perceptions of this change and barriers and facilitators to using the CVB. We conducted 10 virtual focus groups (5 rural, 5 urban/suburban) with WIC participants (n = 55) in North Carolina in March 2022. Focus groups were recorded and transcribed. We open-coded the content and used thematic analysis to uncover consistencies within and between sampled groups. Participants expressed favorable perceptions of the CVB increase and stated the pre-pandemic CVB amount was insufficient. Barriers to using the increased CVB were identifying WIC-approved fruits and vegetables in stores and insufficient supply of fruits and vegetables. Barriers were more pronounced in rural groups. Facilitators of CVB use were existing household preferences for fruits and vegetables and the variety of products that can be purchased with CVB relative to other components of the WIC food package. Participants felt the CVB increase allowed their families to eat a wider variety of fruits and vegetables. The CVB increase may improve fruit and vegetable intake, particularly if made permanent, but barriers to CVB and WIC benefit use may limit the potential impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily W. Duffy
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.W.N.); (L.S.T.)
| | - Daniele A. Vest
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | - Cassandra R. Davis
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Public Policy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Marissa G. Hall
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Molly De Marco
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA;
| | - Shu Wen Ng
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.W.N.); (L.S.T.)
| | - Lindsey Smith Taillie
- Carolina Population Center, Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (S.W.N.); (L.S.T.)
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86
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Chan M, Mokiao R, Wilson AC, Pottanat N, Hingorani S, Starr MC. Food insecurity during COVID-19 in children with end-stage kidney disease: a pilot study. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:420. [PMID: 35840894 PMCID: PMC9284949 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food insecurity, an important social determinant of health among children, has become more common during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with chronic diseases including end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) are at higher risk of food insecurity due to their complex care needs, medication burden, and dietary restrictions. No data exists describing food insecurity prevalence in pediatric ESKD patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Food insecurity was assessed among families of children (age 0-18 years) with ESKD on chronic dialysis at two pediatric academic medical centers. Families were screened in April 2020 using the Hunger Vital Sign, a validated 2-question screening tool. We assessed impact of COVID-19 on food insecurity. We compared serum phosphorus "pre-COVID" (January/February 2020) to "during COVID" (April/May 2020). RESULTS A total of 29 families enrolled in this study. 62% (18/29) of children with ESKD lived in food insecure households, and of those, 72% (13/18) reported that COVID-19 had worsened their food insecurity status. During the COVID-19 pandemic, food insecure patients experienced greater rise in their serum phosphorus levels (1.1 mg/dL vs. 0 mg/dL, p = 0.03) and decreased likelihood of having adequate phosphorus control (50% vs. 11%, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION Food insecurity was common among children with ESKD on chronic dialysis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Children with food insecurity had a greater increase in their phosphorus levels during the pandemic than did food secure children. Further exploration into how food resources such as an onsite food pantry impacts food insecurity and phosphorus control in children with ESKD is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Chan
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Children's Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Reya Mokiao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Amy C Wilson
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Children's Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Neha Pottanat
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Children's Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Michelle C Starr
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine and Riley Children's Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA. .,Indiana University School of Medicine, Health Information & Translational Sciences, 410 W 10th Street, Suite 2000A, Indianapolis, 46202, IN, USA.
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87
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Oleschuk M. Who should feed hungry families during crisis? Moral claims about hunger on Twitter during the COVID-19 pandemic. AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES 2022; 39:1437-1449. [PMID: 35814733 PMCID: PMC9255476 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-022-10333-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
How do crisis conditions affect longstanding societal narratives about hunger? This paper examines how hunger was framed in public discourse during an early period in the COVID-19 crisis to mobilize attention and make moral claims on others to alleviate it. It does so through a discourse analysis of 1023 U.S.-based English-language posts dedicated to hunger on Twitter during four months of the COVID-19 pandemic. This analysis finds that Twitter users chiefly adopted hunger as a political tool to make moral claims on the state rather than individuals, civil society organizations, or corporations; however, hunger was deployed to defend widely diverse political agendas ranging from progressive support for SNAP entitlements to conservative claims reinforcing anti-lockdown and racist "America First" sentiments. Theoretically, the paper contributes to understanding how culture and morality operate in times of crisis. It demonstrates how culture can be deployed in crisis to reinforce longstanding ideological commitments at the same time that it organizes political imaginations in new ways. The result, in this case, is that longstanding cultural narratives about hunger were used to defend dissimilar, and in some ways contradictory, political ends. Practically, the paper demonstrates how moralized calls to alleviate hunger are vulnerable to political manipulation and used to further conflicting political goals, yet may also offer opportunities to leverage support for bolstered state investments in food assistance during times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merin Oleschuk
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2015 Doris Kelley Christopher Hall, 904 W Nevada St., 61801 Urbana, IL USA
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88
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Islam JY, Awan I, Kapadia F. Food Insecurity, Financial Hardship, and Mental Health Among Multiple Asian American Ethnic Groups: Findings from the 2020 COVID-19 Household Impact Survey. Health Equity 2022; 6:435-447. [PMID: 35801150 PMCID: PMC9257551 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2021.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely impacted the financial and mental well-being of U.S. adults, however, Asian American (AA)-specific data are lacking, particularly disaggregated by AA ethnicity. Our objective was to evaluate food insecurity (FI), financial hardship, and mental health among disaggregated AA ethnic groups during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We used data from the COVID-19 Household Impact Survey, a sample of 10,760 U.S. adults weighted to reflect the U.S. population (weighted n: 418,209,893). AA ethnic categories were based on self-report (n=312, 5.1%; weighted n: 21,143,079) and provided as follows: Chinese American, South Asian, Filipino+Vietnamese, and Japanese+Korean. We estimated the prevalence of FI and financial hardship across AA ethnic categories. We estimated the demographic determinants of FI, including financial hardship, among AA adults using multivariable Poisson regression. We calculated the prevalence of mental health symptoms among food-insecure AA adults, as well as among AA adults experiencing both FI and financial hardship. Results Overall, the prevalence of FI and financial hardship among AA adults was highest among Filipino+Vietnamese adults (52.9-24.5%) and lowest among Japanese+Korean adults (13.9-8.6%). Determinants of FI among AA adults included Filipino+Vietnamese ethnicity (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPR]: 2.81, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49-5.29), being widowed/divorced/separated (aPR: 3.14, 95% CI: 1.37-7.23), high school graduate only (aPR: 3.46, 95% CI: 1.96-6.11), having low income <$30,000 (aPR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.27-5.06), and living in rural areas (aPR: 7.65, 95% CI: 1.17-50.14). Eighty-one percent and 63% of AA adults with anxiety and hopelessness at least 3-7 days/week, respectively, were food insecure and experiencing financial hardship. Conclusion Disparities exist in FI and financial hardship among AA adults, particularly Filipino+Vietnamese adults, and are associated with increased self-reporting of feelings of anxiety and hopelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Y. Islam
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Iman Awan
- Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Farzana Kapadia
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, New York, USA
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89
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Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Food Pantry Use and Barriers in Massachusetts during the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122531. [PMID: 35745261 PMCID: PMC9231159 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study sought to describe racial disparities in food insecurity, food pantry use, and barriers to and experiences with food pantries during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. We surveyed 2928 adults in Massachusetts regarding food access in the year before and during the first year of the pandemic. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models assessed racial differences in barriers to and experiences with pantry use during the pandemic. Black and Latino adults experienced the highest prevalence of food insecurity and pantry use. Additionally, Black and Latino adults reported more barriers to, but less stigma around, pantry use compared to White adults. Latino adults were less likely to know about pantry hours/locations and encounter staff who spoke their language. Black and Latino adults were also more likely to find pantry hours/locations inconvenient and have difficulty with transportation. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in increased food insecurity, and food access inequities persisted. Programmatic policies to improve pantry access in communities of color could include increasing the hours/days that pantries are open, increasing bilingual staff, providing transportation or delivery, and creating multilingual public awareness campaigns on how to locate pantries.
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90
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Ahmad A, Shahril MR, Wan-Arfah N, Mohd Abu Bakar WA, Piernas C, Lua PL. Changes in health-related lifestyles and food insecurity and its association with quality of life during the COVID-19 lockdown in Malaysia. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1150. [PMID: 35676643 PMCID: PMC9177343 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13568-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pandemic of SARS CoV2 virus has severely impacted the entire world population. The lockdown imposed during the pandemic has created enormous challenges particularly on the health, economic and social life of most individuals. This study aimed to investigate the changes in health-related lifestyle and food security during the lockdown and how they influenced the quality of life (QoL) of Malaysian adults. METHODS An online survey using a structured questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic, body weight, diet quality, physical activity, sleep quality, food insecurity, and QoL was conducted among adult respondents across Malaysia. Multivariate linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the associations between the changes in each component and QoL based on the total score before and during the lockdown. RESULTS A total of 759 valid responses were included in the final analysis (75% female and 24.5% male). There was a significant improvement in diet quality during the lockdown while sleep quality and food insecurity worsened significantly. As for physical activity, metabolic equivalents (METs) in moderate activity increased significantly, whilst there was a significant decrease in the METs in walking and total minutes spent on physical activity during the lockdown. Overall, independent of age, gender, ethnicity, and religion, there were significant associations between QoL during lockdown and changes in BMI, METs of moderate activity, sleep quality, and food insecurity. CONCLUSIONS The unprecedented COVID-19 outbreak and the lockdown measure during the pandemic have caused significant negative changes in health-related lifestyles and affected the QoL of Malaysian adults. Despite the new norms and rules to prevent disease transmission, efforts to maintain a healthy lifestyle and food security among the population must be rolled out to improve the QoL and prevent further adverse mental and physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryati Ahmad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK.
| | - Mohd Razif Shahril
- Centre for Healthy Ageing & Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, 50300, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Wan-Arfah
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Gong Badak, 21300, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Wan Azdie Mohd Abu Bakar
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, Kulliyyah of Allied Health Sciences, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia
| | - Carmen Piernas
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, Radcliffe Primary Care Building, University of Oxford, OX2 6GG, Oxford, UK
| | - Pei Lin Lua
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Kampus Besut, 22200, Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia
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91
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Rabinowitz DG. When Failure to Thrive Is About Our Failures: Reflecting on Food Insecurity in Pediatrics. Hosp Pediatr 2022; 12:e213-e215. [PMID: 35641473 DOI: 10.1542/hpeds.2022-006619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle G Rabinowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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92
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Patel S, Moriates C, Valencia V, de la Garza K, Sanchez R, Leykum LK, Pignone M. A Hospital-Based Program to Screen for and Address Health-Related Social Needs for Patients Admitted with COVID-19. J Gen Intern Med 2022; 37:2077-2081. [PMID: 35411525 PMCID: PMC8998161 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-022-07550-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Snehal Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Christopher Moriates
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Victoria Valencia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Karen de la Garza
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Ruth Sanchez
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Luci K Leykum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,South Texas Veterans Health Care System, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Michael Pignone
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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93
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Figueiredo JC, Hirsch FR, Kushi LH, Nembhard WN, Crawford JM, Mantis N, Finster L, Merin NM, Merchant A, Reckamp KL, Melmed GY, Braun J, McGovern D, Parekh S, Corley DA, Zohoori N, Amick BC, Du R, Gregersen PK, Diamond B, Taioli E, Sariol C, Espino A, Weiskopf D, Gifoni A, Brien J, Hanege W, Lipsitch M, Zidar DA, Scheck McAlearney A, Wajnberg A, LaBaer J, Yvonne Lewis E, Binder RA, Moormann AM, Forconi C, Forrester S, Batista J, Schieffelin J, Kim D, Biancon G, VanOudenhove J, Halene S, Fan R, Barouch DH, Alter G, Pinninti S, Boppana SB, Pati SK, Latting M, Karaba AH, Roback J, Sekaly R, Neish A, Brincks AM, Granger DA, Karger AB, Thyagarajan B, Thomas SN, Klein SL, Cox AL, Lucas T, Furr-Holden D, Key K, Jones N, Wrammerr J, Suthar M, Yu Wong S, Bowman NM, Simon V, Richardson LD, McBride R, Krammer F, Rana M, Kennedy J, Boehme K, Forrest C, Granger SW, Heaney CD, Knight Lapinski M, Wallet S, Baric RS, Schifanella L, Lopez M, Fernández S, Kenah E, Panchal AR, Britt WJ, Sanz I, Dhodapkar M, Ahmed R, Bartelt LA, Markmann AJ, Lin JT, Hagan RS, Wolfgang MC, Skarbinski J. Mission, Organization, and Future Direction of the Serological Sciences Network for COVID-19 (SeroNet) Epidemiologic Cohort Studies. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac171. [PMID: 35765315 PMCID: PMC9129196 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Global efforts are needed to elucidate the epidemiology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the underlying cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including seroprevalence, risk factors, and long-term sequelae, as well as immune responses after vaccination across populations and the social dimensions of prevention and treatment strategies. Methods In the United States, the National Cancer Institute in partnership with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, established the SARS-CoV-2 Serological Sciences Network (SeroNet) as the nation's largest coordinated effort to study coronavirus disease 2019. The network comprises multidisciplinary researchers bridging gaps and fostering collaborations among immunologists, epidemiologists, virologists, clinicians and clinical laboratories, social and behavioral scientists, policymakers, data scientists, and community members. In total, 49 institutions form the SeroNet consortium to study individuals with cancer, autoimmune disease, inflammatory bowel diseases, cardiovascular diseases, human immunodeficiency virus, transplant recipients, as well as otherwise healthy pregnant women, children, college students, and high-risk occupational workers (including healthcare workers and first responders). Results Several studies focus on underrepresented populations, including ethnic minorities and rural communities. To support integrative data analyses across SeroNet studies, efforts are underway to define common data elements for standardized serology measurements, cellular and molecular assays, self-reported data, treatment, and clinical outcomes. Conclusions In this paper, we discuss the overarching framework for SeroNet epidemiology studies, critical research questions under investigation, and data accessibility for the worldwide scientific community. Lessons learned will help inform preparedness and responsiveness to future emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Fred R Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lawrence H Kushi
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Wendy N Nembhard
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - James M Crawford
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Mantis
- Division of Infectious Diseases Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Laurel Finster
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Noah M Merin
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Akil Merchant
- Division of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medicine, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gil Y Melmed
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jonathan Braun
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dermot McGovern
- F. Widjaja Foundation Inflammatory Bowel and Immunobiology Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Samir Parekh
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas A Corley
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Namvar Zohoori
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Benjamin C Amick
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
- Winthrop Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Ruofei Du
- Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Peter K Gregersen
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Betty Diamond
- Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York, USA
| | - Emanuela Taioli
- Department of Medicine, Hematology and Medical Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carlos Sariol
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Ana Espino
- Unit of Comparative Medicine, University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | | | - Alba Gifoni
- La Jolla Institute of Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - James Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - William Hanege
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Marc Lipsitch
- Center for Communicable Disease Dynamics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - David A Zidar
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Ann Scheck McAlearney
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ania Wajnberg
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua LaBaer
- Biodesign Virginia G. Piper Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - E Yvonne Lewis
- Department of Public Health, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan, USA
| | - Raquel A Binder
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ann M Moormann
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Catherine Forconi
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sarah Forrester
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jennifer Batista
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John Schieffelin
- Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Giulia Biancon
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jennifer VanOudenhove
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Stephanie Halene
- Section of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Rong Fan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale Cancer Center, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- The Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Swetha Pinninti
- Departments of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Suresh B Boppana
- Departments of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sunil K Pati
- Departments of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Misty Latting
- Departments of Pediatrics, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Andrew H Karaba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Roback
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rafick Sekaly
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Andrew Neish
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Ahnalee M Brincks
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College of Social Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Douglas A Granger
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Salivary Bioscience Research, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy B Karger
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Bharat Thyagarajan
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Stefani N Thomas
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Sabra L Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L Cox
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Todd Lucas
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Debra Furr-Holden
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kent Key
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Nicole Jones
- Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Jens Wrammerr
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mehul Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Serre Yu Wong
- The Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Natalie M Bowman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Viviana Simon
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lynne D Richardson
- Institute for Health Equity Research and Department of Emergency Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Russell McBride
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joshua Kennedy
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Karl Boehme
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Craig Forrest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | | | - Christopher D Heaney
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maria Knight Lapinski
- Department of Communication, Michigan AgBio Research, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Shannon Wallet
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luca Schifanella
- Division of Surgical Outcomes and Precision Medicine Research, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Marcos Lopez
- Puerto Rico Public Health Trust, Puerto Rico Science, Technology and Research Trust and University of Puerto Rico at Humacao, Medical Sciences, San Juan, Puerto Rico, USA
| | - Soledad Fernández
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Center for Biostatistics, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Eben Kenah
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Ashish R Panchal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - William J Britt
- Department of Immunology, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Iñaki Sanz
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Madhav Dhodapkar
- Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Rafi Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luther A Bartelt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Alena J Markmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jessica T Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Robert S Hagan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew C Wolfgang
- Marsico Lung Institute and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jacek Skarbinski
- Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California, USA
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94
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Fitzgerald R, Manguerra H, Arndt MB, Gardner WM, Chang YY, Zigler B, Taylor HJ, Bienhoff K, Smith DL, Murray CJL, Hay SI, Reiner RC, Kassebaum NJ. Current dichotomous metrics obscure trends in severe and extreme child growth failure. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabm8954. [PMID: 35594349 PMCID: PMC9122330 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abm8954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Historically, the prevalence of child growth failure (CGF) has been tracked dichotomously as the proportion of children more than 2 SDs below the median of the World Health Organization growth standards. However, this conventional "thresholding" approach fails to recognize child growth as a spectrum and obscures trends in populations with the highest rates of CGF. Our analysis presents the first ever estimates of entire distributions of HAZ, WHZ, and WAZ for each of 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2020 for children less than 5 years old by age group and sex. This approach reflects the continuous nature of CGF, allows us to more comprehensively assess shrinking or widening disparities over time, and reveals otherwise hidden trends that disproportionately affect the most vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Fitzgerald
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Helena Manguerra
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael B. Arndt
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - William M. Gardner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ya-Yin Chang
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bethany Zigler
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Heather Jean Taylor
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly Bienhoff
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David L. Smith
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J. L. Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon I. Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Robert C. Reiner
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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95
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Lim JT, Ly NP, Willen SM, Iwanaga K, Gibb ER, Chan M, Church GD, Neemuchwala F, McGarry ME. Food insecurity and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in cystic fibrosis households. Pediatr Pulmonol 2022; 57:1238-1244. [PMID: 35112507 DOI: 10.1002/ppul.25850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic impacted many households due to shelter-in-place orders and economic hardship. People with cystic fibrosis (CF) experienced increased food insecurity compared to the general population before the pandemic, even though adequate food access is needed to maintain nutrition goals associated with improved health-related outcomes. Little is known about the impact the pandemic had on the food insecurity of people with CF and their families. OBJECTIVE To investigate how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted food insecurity, mental health, and self-care in people with CF. METHODS Adults with CF and parents/guardians of children with CF were recruited via social media to complete online questionnaires from May 2020 to February 2021. Questionnaires in English and Spanish included USDA 2-question food insecurity screening, Patient Health Questionnaire-4 for mental health screening, and directed questions on the impact of the pandemic. RESULTS Of 372 respondents, 21.8% of the households experienced food insecurity during the pandemic compared to 18.8% prepandemic (p < .001). More food insecure patients with CF reported weight loss (32.1% vs. 13.1%, p < .001), worse airway clearance adherence (13.6% vs. 5.8%, p < .01), and worse medication adherence (12.4% vs. 1.7%, p < .01) compared to food secure patients. Food insecure subjects were more likely to have an abnormal mental health screen compared to food secure subjects (53.1% vs. 16.2%, p < .001). CONCLUSION Food insecurity increased in the CF population during the COVID-19 pandemic. Food insecure subjects reported worse mental health and self-care during the pandemic compared to food secure subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet T Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ngoc P Ly
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shaina M Willen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kensho Iwanaga
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Gibb
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marilynn Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Gwynne D Church
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Fatima Neemuchwala
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Meghan E McGarry
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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96
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Change in Employment Status Due to the COVID-19 Pandemic, SNAP Participation, and Household Food Insecurity among Black and Latino Adults in Illinois. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14081581. [PMID: 35458143 PMCID: PMC9027174 DOI: 10.3390/nu14081581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in record-high unemployment rates. Black and Latino adults experienced disproportionately higher rates of unemployment. We aimed to examine associations between pandemic-related employment status change and household food insecurity among an economically diverse sample of Black and Latino adults in Illinois during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, we evaluated the significance of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) participation to determine if it modified associations. We analyzed cross-sectional data collected from 1,809 Black and Latino adults in two waves: May 2020 and June/July 2020. Participants listed their change in employment status as “lost job entirely”, “employed, but paid hours reduced”, “employed, but anticipate job lost”, or “no change”. Participants self-reported their SNAP status and completed the USDA’s six item U.S. Food Security Module to report household food security status. We used logistic regression to assess the significance of associations after controlling for socio-demographics. Approximately 15.5% of participants lost their job entirely, 25.2% were SNAP participants, and 51.8% reported low food security (LFS). All changes in employment were significantly associated with increased odds of LFS after adjusting for socio-demographics. SNAP participants who lost their job had higher odds of LFS (OR: 4.69; 95% CI: 2.69–8.17) compared to non-participants who lost their job (OR: 2.97; 95%: 1.95–4.52). In summary, we observed strong associations between changes in employment and household food insecurity, particularly among SNAP participants, which underscores the pandemic’s impact on low-income and minority populations.
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97
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Misyak SA, Parker MK, Ledlie Johnson M, Hedges S, Borst E, McNamara Best M, Hedrick VE. A Preliminary Evaluation of Virginia Fresh Match: Impacts and Demographic Considerations for Future Fruit and Vegetable Incentive Programs. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4367. [PMID: 35410044 PMCID: PMC8998410 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19074367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this communication is to describe the preliminary evaluation of the Virginia Fresh Match (VFM) financial incentive program for fresh fruits and vegetables for Virginia Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program shoppers and to determine if there were differences in incentive outcomes by race. In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was administered to shoppers using Virginia Fresh Match incentives at participating farmers markets and community-based food retail outlets. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to detect differences in fruit and vegetable consumption between demographic groups over time. Chi-square tests were used to determine if there were associations between race and perceived impact of VFM incentives on making food last and the attribution of VFM incentives to changes in fruit and vegetable consumption frequency. Frequency of fruit and vegetable intake was significantly higher during VFM incentive use, with a difference of 1.17 ± 0.07 and 1.07 ± 0.07 on a Likert scale measure, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). There were racial differences in assertions that VFM incentives helped food to last. VFM incentives were effective at increasing fruit and vegetable consumption, but racial differences should be considered in the administration of VFM to avoid reinforcing systems or approaches that may contribute to disparities in food access and food security.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Misyak
- Virginia Cooperative Extension, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Molly K. Parker
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.K.P.); (V.E.H.)
| | - Meredith Ledlie Johnson
- Virginia Cooperative Extension, Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
| | - Sam Hedges
- Local Environmental Agriculture Project, Roanoke, VA 24015, USA; (S.H.); (M.M.B.)
| | - Elizabeth Borst
- Virginia Community Food Connections, Fredericksburg, VA 22404, USA;
| | | | - Valisa E. Hedrick
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA; (M.K.P.); (V.E.H.)
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98
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Correia KM, Bierma SR, Houston SD, Nelson MT, Pannu KS, Tirman CM, Cannon RL, Clance LR, Canterbury DN, Google AN, Morrison BH, Henning JA. Education Racial and Gender Disparities in COVID-19 Worry, Stress, and Food Insecurities across Undergraduate Biology Students at a Southeastern University. JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY & BIOLOGY EDUCATION 2022; 23:e00224-21. [PMID: 35496682 PMCID: PMC9053023 DOI: 10.1128/jmbe.00224-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The global spread of the novel coronavirus first reported in December 2019 led to drastic changes in the social and economic dynamics of everyday life. Nationwide, racial, gender, and geographic disparities in symptom severity, mortality, and access to health care evolved, which impacted stress and anxiety surrounding COVID-19. On university campuses, drastic shifts in learning environments occurred as universities shifted to remote instruction, which further impacted student mental health and anxiety. Our study aimed to understand how students from diverse backgrounds differ in their worry and stress surrounding COVID-19 upon return to hybrid or in-person classes during the Fall of 2020. Specifically, we addressed the differences in COVID-19 worry, stress response, and COVID-19-related food insecurity related to race/ethnicity (Indigenous American, Asian/Asian American, black/African American, Latinx/Hispanic, white, or multiple races), gender (male, female, and gender expressive), and geographic origin (ranging from rural to large metropolitan areas) of undergraduate students attending a regional-serving R2 university, in the southeastern U.S. Overall, we found significance in worry, food insecurity, and stress responses with females and gender expressive individuals, along with Hispanic/Latinx, Asian/Asian American, and black/African American students. Additionally, students from large urban areas were more worried about contracting the virus compared to students from rural locations. However, we found fewer differences in self-reported COVID-related stress responses within these students. Our findings can highlight the disparities among students' worry based on gender, racial differences, and geographic origins, with potential implications for mental health of university students from diverse backgrounds. Our results support the inclusion of diverse voices in university decisioning making around the transition through the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Correia
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
| | - Shannon R. Bierma
- Department of Psychiatry, Louisiana State University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Sophia D. Houston
- Department of Leadership and Teacher Education, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Madison T. Nelson
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Khushwant S. Pannu
- Department of Leadership and Teacher Education, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Chase M. Tirman
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Randi L. Cannon
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
| | - Lauren R. Clance
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
| | - Dawn N. Canterbury
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Angela N. Google
- Department of Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Blair H. Morrison
- Department of Marine Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
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99
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Dean C. Racial/Ethnic Differences in the Application and Receipt of Services to Address Social Needs: Impact of COVID-19. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022; 45:67-76. [PMID: 35125489 PMCID: PMC8848989 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Black and Hispanic Americans are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, which impacts their social needs. The objective of this study was to examine differences in white, Black, and Hispanic adults' application and receipt of services to address their social needs during COVID-19. Utilizing weeks 1, 2, and 3 from the COVID Impact Survey, descriptive statistics analyzed covariates and the 12 social services by participants' race/ethnicity. Unweighted frequencies and weighted percentages were computed for the services score by race/ethnicity. Forward stepwise binary logistic regression analyses examined the relationship between services needed and race/ethnicity. All analyses were conducted using STATA MP 14. Among 20 533 participants, unemployment insurance was a common service participants reported applying for or trying to apply for. Compared with white participants, Hispanic participants had higher adjusted odds of needing unemployment insurance services (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.18-2.11). Black (AOR = 3.25; 95% CI, 2.49-4.25) and Hispanic (AOR = 1.55; 95% CI, 1.14-2.10) participants had higher adjusted odds of needing Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program services than white participants. It is important for Black and Hispanic Americans to have access to these social services. Research and evaluation studies are warranted to inform policies that sustain/modify social services for future use. These studies must include a representative sample of Black and Hispanic Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caress Dean
- Department of Public and Environmental Wellness, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan
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100
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Corey J, Lyons J, O’Carroll A, Stafford R, Ivers JH. A Scoping Review of the Health Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Persons Experiencing Homelessness in North America and Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3219. [PMID: 35328907 PMCID: PMC8954292 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Persons experiencing homelessness (PEH) are at heightened risk for infection, morbidity, and mortality from COVID-19. However, health consequences of the pandemic extend far beyond those directly caused by the virus. This scoping review aimed to explore the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and well-being of PEH in North America and Europe. A systematic search of academic and grey literature was conducted in September 2021. To be included, studies had to include primary data related to the impact of the pandemic on health or well-being of PEH and be written in English. All potentially relevant references were independently screened by two reviewers, and minor conflicts were settled with input of a third reviewer. A total of 96 articles met criteria for inclusion. Data extraction was completed for all included studies, and findings synthesised and presented thematically. Numerous health impacts of the pandemic on PEH were identified, including SARS-CoV-2 infection, morbidity, mortality, and hospitalisation, fear of infection, access to housing, hygiene, PPE, food, as well as mental health, substance use, other health-related outcomes and treatment services. Gaps in the literature relating to persons using alcohol, access to mental health support, and violence were also identified. Implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Corey
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D24H74 Dublin, Ireland; (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | - James Lyons
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D24H74 Dublin, Ireland; (J.C.); (J.L.)
| | | | - Richie Stafford
- HSE Community Healthcare Organisation Dublin North City & County, D09C8P5 Dublin, Ireland;
| | - Jo-Hanna Ivers
- Department of Public Health & Primary Care, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, D24H74 Dublin, Ireland; (J.C.); (J.L.)
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