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Ejaz A, Greenberger JS, Rubin PJ. Understanding the mechanism of radiation induced fibrosis and therapy options. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 204:107399. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.107399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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De Luca M, Vecchie’ D, Athmanathan B, Gopalkrishna S, Valcin JA, Swain TM, Sertie R, Wekesa K, Rowe GC, Bailey SM, Nagareddy PR. Genetic Deletion of Syndecan-4 Alters Body Composition, Metabolic Phenotypes, and the Function of Metabolic Tissues in Female Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112810. [PMID: 31752080 PMCID: PMC6893658 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Syndecans are transmembrane proteoglycans that, like integrins, bind to components of the extracellular matrix. Previously, we showed significant associations of genetic variants in the Syndecan-4 (SDC4) gene with intra-abdominal fat, fasting plasma glucose levels, and insulin sensitivity index in children, and with fasting serum triglyceride levels in healthy elderly subjects. An independent study also reported a correlation between SDC4 and the risk of coronary artery disease in middle-aged patients. Here, we investigated whether deletion of Sdc4 promotes metabolic derangements associated with diet-induced obesity by feeding homozygous male and female Sdc4-deficient (Sdc4-/-) mice and their age-matched wild-type (WT) mice a high-fat diet (HFD). We found that WT and Sdc4-/- mice gained similar weight. However, while no differences were observed in males, HFD-fed female Sdc4-/- mice exhibited a higher percentage of body fat mass than controls and displayed increased levels of plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, and glucose, as well as reduced whole-body insulin sensitivity. Additionally, they had an increased adipocyte size and macrophage infiltration in the visceral adipose tissue, and higher triglyceride and fatty acid synthase levels in the liver. Together with our previous human genetic findings, these results provide evidence of an evolutionarily conserved role of SDC4 in adiposity and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria De Luca
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-205-934-7033
| | - Denise Vecchie’
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Calabria, 87036 Rende, Italy
| | - Baskaran Athmanathan
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| | - Sreejit Gopalkrishna
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
| | - Jennifer A. Valcin
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Telisha M. Swain
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Rogerio Sertie
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (D.V.); (R.S.)
| | - Kennedy Wekesa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | - Glenn C. Rowe
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA; (J.A.V.); (T.M.S.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Prabhakara R. Nagareddy
- Department of Surgery, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43209, USA; (B.A.); (S.G.); (P.R.N.)
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Wittrisch S, Klöting N, Mörl K, Chakaroun R, Blüher M, Beck-Sickinger AG. NPY 1R-targeted peptide-mediated delivery of a dual PPARα/γ agonist to adipocytes enhances adipogenesis and prevents diabetes progression. Mol Metab 2019; 31:163-180. [PMID: 31918918 PMCID: PMC6931124 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective PPARα/γ dual agonists have been in clinical development for the treatment of metabolic diseases including type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia. However, severe adverse side effects led to complications in clinical trials. As most of the beneficial effects rely on the compound activity in adipocytes, the selective targeting of this cell type is a cutting-edge strategy to develop safe anti-diabetic drugs. The goal of this study was to strengthen the adipocyte-specific uptake of the PPARα/γ agonist tesaglitazar via NPY1R-mediated internalization. Methods NPY1R-preferring peptide tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY (tesa-NPY) was synthesized by a combination of automated SPPS and manual couplings. Following molecular and functional analyses for proof of concept, cell culture experiments were conducted to monitor the effects on adipogenesis. Mice treated with peptide drug conjugates or vehicle either by gavage or intraperitoneal injection were characterized phenotypically and metabolically. Histological analysis and transcriptional profiling of the adipose tissue were performed. Results In vitro studies revealed that the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate selectively activates PPARγ in NPY1R-expressing cells and enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression in adipocyte precursor cells. In vivo studies using db/db mice demonstrated that the anti-diabetic activity of the peptide conjugate is as efficient as that of systemically administered tesaglitazar. Additionally, tesa-NPY induces adipocyte differentiation in vivo. Conclusions The use of the tesaglitazar-[F7, P34]-NPY conjugate is a promising strategy to apply the beneficial PPARα/γ effects in adipocytes while potentially omitting adverse effects in other tissues. Tesaglitazar-NPY targets adipocytes via NPY1R receptor-mediated internalization. Peptide-drug conjugate is specifically delivered to NPY1R-expressing cells. Release of tesaglitazar in adipocytes activates PPARγ. Drug delivery enhances adipocyte differentiation and adiponectin expression. Peptide conjugate exhibits antidiabetic activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Wittrisch
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Karin Mörl
- Universität Leipzig, Institute of Biochemistry, Brüderstraße 34, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rima Chakaroun
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity, and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Department of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Liebigstraße 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Lackey DE, Reis FCG, Isaac R, Zapata RC, El Ouarrat D, Lee YS, Bandyopadhyay G, Ofrecio JM, Oh DY, Osborn O. Adipocyte PU.1 knockout promotes insulin sensitivity in HFD-fed obese mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14779. [PMID: 31611602 PMCID: PMC6791934 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-51196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance is a key feature of obesity and type 2 diabetes. PU.1 is a master transcription factor predominantly expressed in macrophages but after HFD feeding PU.1 expression is also significantly increased in adipocytes. We generated adipocyte specific PU.1 knockout mice using adiponectin cre to investigate the role of PU.1 in adipocyte biology, insulin and glucose homeostasis. In HFD-fed obese mice systemic glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were improved in PU.1 AKO mice and clamp studies indicated improvements in both adipose and liver insulin sensitivity. At the level of adipose tissue, macrophage infiltration and inflammation was decreased and glucose uptake was increased in PU.1 AKO mice compared with controls. While PU.1 deletion in adipocytes did not affect the gene expression of PPARg itself, we observed increased expression of PPARg target genes in eWAT from HFD fed PU.1 AKO mice compared with controls. Furthermore, we observed decreased phosphorylation at serine 273 in PU.1 AKO mice compared with fl/fl controls, indicating that PPARg is more active when PU.1 expression is reduced in adipocytes. Therefore, in obesity the increased expression of PU.1 in adipocytes modifies the adipocyte PPARg cistrome resulting in impaired glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise E Lackey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Felipe C G Reis
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Roi Isaac
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Rizaldy C Zapata
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dalila El Ouarrat
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yun Sok Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Jachelle M Ofrecio
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Da Young Oh
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Olivia Osborn
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Sinden DS, Holman CD, Bare CJ, Sun X, Gade AR, Cohen DE, Pitt GS. Knockout of the X-linked Fgf13 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus impairs sympathetic output to brown fat and causes obesity. FASEB J 2019; 33:11579-11594. [PMID: 31339804 PMCID: PMC6994920 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901178r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)13, a nonsecreted, X-linked, FGF homologous factor, is differentially expressed in adipocytes in response to diet, yet Fgf13's role in metabolism has not been explored. Heterozygous Fgf13 knockouts fed normal chow and housed at 22°C showed hyperactivity accompanying reduced core temperature and obesity when housed at 30°C. Those heterozygous knockouts showed defects in thermogenesis even at 30°C and an inability to protect core temperature. Surprisingly, we detected trivial FGF13 in adipose of wild-type mice fed normal chow and no obesity in adipose-specific heterozygous knockouts housed at 30°C, and we detected an intact brown fat response through exogenous β3 agonist stimulation, suggesting a defect in sympathetic drive to brown adipose tissue. In contrast, hypothalamic-specific ablation of Fgf13 recapitulated weight gain at 30°C. Norepinephrine turnover in brown fat was reduced at both housing temperatures. Thus, our data suggest that impaired CNS regulation of sympathetic activation of brown fat underlies obesity and thermogenesis in Fgf13 heterozygous knockouts fed normal chow.-Sinden, D. S., Holman, C. D., Bare, C. J., Sun, X., Gade, A. R., Cohen, D. E., Pitt, G. S. Knockout of the X-linked Fgf13 in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus impairs sympathetic output to brown fat and causes obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Sinden
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Corey D. Holman
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Curtis J. Bare
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Xiaolu Sun
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Aravind R. Gade
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - David E. Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Geoffrey S. Pitt
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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Fat Grafting into Younger Recipients Improves Volume Retention in an Animal Model. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:1067-1075. [PMID: 30730498 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soft-tissue deficits associated with various craniofacial anomalies can be addressed by fat grafting, although outcomes remain unpredictable. Furthermore, consensus does not exist for timing of these procedures. Whereas some advocate approaching soft-tissue reconstruction after the underlying skeletal foundation has been corrected, other studies have suggested that earlier grafting may exploit a younger recipient niche that is more conducive to fat graft survival. As there is a dearth of research investigating effects of recipient age on fat graft volume retention, this study compared the effectiveness of fat grafting in younger versus older animals through a longitudinal, in vivo analysis. METHODS Human lipoaspirate from three healthy female donors was grafted subcutaneously over the calvaria of immunocompromised mice. Volume retention over 8 weeks was evaluated using micro-computed tomography at three experimental ages: 3 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Histologic examination was performed on explanted grafts to evaluate graft health and vascularity. Recipient-site vascularity was also evaluated by confocal microscopy. RESULTS The greatest retention of fat graft volume was noted in the youngest group compared with both older groups (p < 0.05) at 6 and 8 weeks after grafting. Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses revealed that improved retention in younger groups was associated with greater fat graft integrity and more robust vascularization. CONCLUSION The authors' study provides evidence that grafting fat into a younger recipient site correlates with improved volume retention over time, suggesting that beginning soft-tissue reconstruction with fat grafting in patients at an earlier age may be preferable to late correction.
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Li X, Mao Z, Yang L, Sun K. Co-staining Blood Vessels and Nerve Fibers in Adipose Tissue. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 30829339 DOI: 10.3791/59266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of angiogenesis and sympathetic innervation in adipose tissue remodeling during the development of obesity. Therefore, developing an easy and efficient method to document the dynamic changes in adipose tissue is necessary. Here, we describe a modified immunofluorescent approach that efficiently co-stains blood vessels and nerve fibers in adipose tissues. Compared to traditional and recently developed methods, our approach is relatively easy to follow and more efficient in labeling the blood vessels and nerve fibers with higher densities and less background. Moreover, the higher resolution of the images further allows us to accurately measure the area of the vessels, amount of branching, and length of the fibers by open source software. As a demonstration using our method, we show that brown adipose tissue (BAT) contains higher amounts of blood vessels and nerve fibers compared to white adipose tissue (WAT). We further find that among the WATs, subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) has more blood vessels and nerve fibers compared to epididymal WAT (eWAT). Our method thus provides a useful tool for investigating adipose tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation of Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Zhengmei Mao
- Microscopy Core, the Brown Foundation of Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Li Yang
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation of Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston
| | - Kai Sun
- Center for Metabolic and Degenerative Diseases, the Brown Foundation of Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston;
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Mousovich‐Neto F, Matos MS, Costa ACR, Melo Reis RA, Atella GC, Miranda‐Alves L, Carvalho DP, Ketzer LA, Corrêa da Costa VM. Brown adipose tissue remodelling induced by corticosterone in male Wistar rats. Exp Physiol 2019; 104:514-528. [DOI: 10.1113/ep087332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felippe Mousovich‐Neto
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Marina Souza Matos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Anna Carolina Rego Costa
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Ricardo Augusto Melo Reis
- Laboratório de Neuroquímica Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratório de Bioquímica de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Leandro Miranda‐Alves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Denise P. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Luisa Andrea Ketzer
- Núcleo Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa UFRJ‐Xerém em Biologia Campus Duque de Caxias Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
| | - Vânia Maria Corrêa da Costa
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina Doris Rosenthal Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brasil
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Chayama Y, Ando L, Sato Y, Shigenobu S, Anegawa D, Fujimoto T, Taii H, Tamura Y, Miura M, Yamaguchi Y. Molecular Basis of White Adipose Tissue Remodeling That Precedes and Coincides With Hibernation in the Syrian Hamster, a Food-Storing Hibernator. Front Physiol 2019; 9:1973. [PMID: 30745884 PMCID: PMC6360343 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian hibernators store fat extensively in white adipose tissues (WATs) during pre-hibernation period (Pre-HIB) to prepare for hibernation. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the pre-hibernation remodeling of WAT have not been fully elucidated. Syrian hamsters, a food-storing hibernator, can hibernate when exposed to a winter-like short day photoperiod and cold ambient temperature (SD-Cold). Animals subjected to prolonged SD-Cold had smaller white adipocytes and beige-like cells within subcutaneous inguinal WAT (iWAT). Time-course analysis of gene expression with RNA-sequencing and quantitative PCR demonstrated that the mRNA expression of not only genes involved in lipid catabolism (lipolysis and beta-oxidation) but also lipid anabolism (lipogenesis and lipid desaturation) was simultaneously up-regulated prior to hibernation onset in the animals. The enhanced capacity of both lipid catabolism and lipid anabolism during hibernation period (HIB) is striking contrast to previous observations in fat-storing hibernators that only enhance catabolism during HIB. The mRNA expression of mTORC1 and PPAR signaling molecules increased, and pharmacological activation of PPARs indeed up-regulated lipid metabolism genes in iWAT explants from Syrian hamsters. These results suggest that the Syrian hamster rewires lipid metabolisms while preparing for hibernation to effectively utilize body fat and synthesize it from food intake during HIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Chayama
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lisa Ando
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuya Sato
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuji Shigenobu
- Functional Genomics Facility, National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Anegawa
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Fujimoto
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Taii
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yutaka Tamura
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuyama University, Fukuyama, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Yamaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Hibernation Metabolism, Physiology and Development Group, Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Ibáñez CA, Vázquez-Martínez M, León-Contreras JC, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodríguez-González GL, Bautista CJ, Nathanielsz PW, Zambrano E. Different Statistical Approaches to Characterization of Adipocyte Size in Offspring of Obese Rats: Effects of Maternal or Offspring Exercise Intervention. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1571. [PMID: 30524294 PMCID: PMC6262415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipocyte size (AS) shows asymmetric distribution related to current metabolic state, e.g., adipogenesis or lipolysis. We profiled AS distribution using different statistical approaches in offspring (F1) of control (C) and obese (MO) mothers (F0) with and without F0 or F1 exercise. Offspring from F0 exercise were designated CF0ex and MOF0ex. Exercised F1 of sedentary mothers were designated CF1ex and MOF1ex. F1 retroperitoneal fat cross-sectional AS was measured by median, cumulative distributions, data dispersion and extreme values based on gamma distribution modeling. F1 metabolic parameters: body weight, retroperitoneal fat, adiposity index (AI), serum leptin, triglycerides (TG) and insulin resistance index (IRI) were measured. Male and female F1 AS showed different cumulative distribution between C and MO (p < 0.0001) therefore comparisons were performed among C, CF0ex and CF1ex groups and MO, MOF0ex and MOF1ex groups. MO AI was higher than C (p < 0.05) and male MOF1ex AI lower than MO (p < 0.05). Median AS was higher in male and female MO vs. C (p < 0.05). Male and female MOF0ex and MOF1ex reduced median AS (p < 0.05). Lower AS dispersion was observed in male CF1ex and MOF1ex vs. CF0ex and MOF0ex, respectively. MO reduced small and increased large adipocyte proportions vs. C (p < 0.05); MOF0ex increased small and MOF1ex the proportion of large adipocytes vs. MO (p < 0.05). MOF0ex reduced male IRI and female TG vs. MO (p < 0.05). MOF1ex reduced male and female leptin (p < 0.05); CF1ex reduced male leptin (p < 0.05). Conclusions: several factors, diet, physical activity and gender modify AS distribution. Conventional AS distribution methods normally do not include analyzes of extreme, large and small adipocytes, which characterize different phenotypes. Maternal high fat diet affects F1 AS distribution, which was programmed during development. F0ex and F1ex have gender specific F1 beneficial effects. AS distribution characterization helps explain adipose tissue metabolic changes in different physiological conditions and will aid design of efficacious interventions to prevent and/or recuperate adverse developmental programming outcomes. Finally, precise identification of effects of specific interventions as exercise of F0 and/or F1 are needed to improve outcomes in obese women and their obesity prone offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Ibáñez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magaly Vázquez-Martínez
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - J Carlos León-Contreras
- Experimental Patology Section, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guadalupe L Rodríguez-González
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Claudia J Bautista
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Peter W Nathanielsz
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY, United States
| | - Elena Zambrano
- Reproductive Biology Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Blackshear CP, Borrelli MR, Shen EZ, Ransom RC, Chung NN, Vistnes SM, Irizarry D, Nazerali R, Momeni A, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Utilizing Confocal Microscopy to Characterize Human and Mouse Adipose Tissue. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2018; 24:566-577. [PMID: 30215305 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances in our understanding of human obesity, endocrinology, and metabolism have been made possible by murine comparative models, in which anatomically analogous fat depots are utilized; however, current research has questioned how truly analogous these depots are. In this study, we assess the validity of the analogy from the perspective of cellular architecture. Whole tissue mounting, confocal microscopy, and image reconstruction software were used to characterize the three-dimensional structure of the inguinal fat pad in mice, gluteofemoral fat in humans, and subcutaneous adipose tissue of the human abdominal wall. Abdominal and gluteofemoral adipose tissue specimens from 12 human patients and bilateral inguinal fat pads from 12 mice were stained for adipocytes, blood vessels, and a putative marker for adipose-derived multipotent progenitor cells, cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34). Samples were whole-mounted and imaged with laser scanning confocal microscopy. Expectedly, human adipocytes were larger and demonstrated greater size heterogeneity. Mouse fat displayed significantly higher vascular density compared with human fat when normalized to adipocyte count. There was no significant difference in the concentration of CD34-positive (CD34+) stromal cells from either species. However, the mean distance between CD34+ stromal cells and blood vessels was significantly greater in human fat. Finally, mouse inguinal fat contained larger numbers of brown adipocytes than did human gluteofemoral or human abdominal fat. Overall, the basic architecture of human adipose tissue differs significantly from that of mice. Insofar as human gluteofemoral fat differs from human abdominal adipose tissue, it was closer to mouse inguinal fat, being its comparative developmental analog. These differences likely confer variance in functional properties between the two sources and thus must be considered when designing murine models of human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Blackshear
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Mimi R Borrelli
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Ethan Z Shen
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - R Chase Ransom
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Natalie N Chung
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Stephanie M Vistnes
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Dre Irizarry
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Rahim Nazerali
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Arash Momeni
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Michael T Longaker
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Derrick C Wan
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Division, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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Zwick RK, Rudolph MC, Shook BA, Holtrup B, Roth E, Lei V, Van Keymeulen A, Seewaldt V, Kwei S, Wysolmerski J, Rodeheffer MS, Horsley V. Adipocyte hypertrophy and lipid dynamics underlie mammary gland remodeling after lactation. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3592. [PMID: 30181538 PMCID: PMC6123393 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05911-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes undergo pronounced changes in size and behavior to support diverse tissue functions, but the mechanisms that control these changes are not well understood. Mammary gland-associated white adipose tissue (mgWAT) regresses in support of milk fat production during lactation and expands during the subsequent involution of milk-producing epithelial cells, providing one of the most marked physiological examples of adipose growth. We examined cellular mechanisms and functional implications of adipocyte and lipid dynamics in the mouse mammary gland (MG). Using in vivo analysis of adipocyte precursors and genetic tracing of mature adipocytes, we find mature adipocyte hypertrophy to be a primary mechanism of mgWAT expansion during involution. Lipid tracking and lipidomics demonstrate that adipocytes fill with epithelial-derived milk lipid. Furthermore, ablation of mgWAT during involution reveals an essential role for adipocytes in milk trafficking from, and proper restructuring of, the mammary epithelium. This work advances our understanding of MG remodeling and tissue-specific roles for adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Zwick
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Michael C Rudolph
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, University of Colorado, Mail Stop F-8305; RC1 North, 12800 E. 19th Avenue P18-5107, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Brett A Shook
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Brandon Holtrup
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Eve Roth
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Vivian Lei
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Alexandra Van Keymeulen
- WELBIO, Interdisciplinary Research Institute (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 808, route de Lennik, BatC, C6-130, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Victoria Seewaldt
- Department of Population Sciences and Bekman Institute, City of Hope, 1500 East Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Stephanie Kwei
- Section of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, 333 Ceder St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - John Wysolmerski
- Section of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, 333 Ceder St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University, 333 Ceder St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
| | - Valerie Horsley
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, 219 Prospect St., New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University, 333 Ceder St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
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63
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Lemecha M, Morino K, Seifu D, Imamura T, Nakagawa F, Nagata A, Okamato T, Sekine O, Ugi S, Maegawa H. Improved glucose metabolism by Eragrostis tef potentially through beige adipocyte formation and attenuating adipose tissue inflammation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201661. [PMID: 30071087 PMCID: PMC6072038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Teff is a staple food in Ethiopia that is rich in dietary fiber. Although gaining popularity in Western countries because it is gluten-free, the effects of teff on glucose metabolism remain unknown. Aim To evaluate the effects of teff on body weight and glucose metabolism compared with an isocaloric diet containing wheat. Results Mice fed teff weighed approximately 13% less than mice fed wheat (p < 0.05). The teff-based diet improved glucose tolerance compared with the wheat group with normal chow but not with a high-fat diet. Reduced adipose inflammation characterized by lower expression of TNFα, Mcp1, and CD11c, together with higher levels of cecal short chain fatty acids such as acetate, compared with the control diet containing wheat after 14 weeks of dietary treatment. In addition, beige adipocyte formation, characterized by increased expression of Ucp-1 (~7-fold) and Cidea (~3-fold), was observed in the teff groups compared with the wheat group. Moreover, a body-weight matched experiment revealed that teff improved glucose tolerance in a manner independent of body weight reduction after 6 weeks of dietary treatment. Enhanced beige adipocyte formation without improved adipose inflammation in a body-weight matched experiment suggests that the improved glucose metabolism was a consequence of beige adipocyte formation, but not solely through adipose inflammation. However, these differences between teff- and wheat-containing diets were not observed in the high-fat diet group. Conclusions Teff improved glucose tolerance likely by promoting beige adipocyte formation and improved adipose inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengistu Lemecha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Morino
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Daniel Seifu
- School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Takeshi Imamura
- Division of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago, Japan
| | - Fumiyuki Nakagawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- CMIC Pharma Science, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Okamato
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Osamu Sekine
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ugi
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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64
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Nicu C, Pople J, Bonsell L, Bhogal R, Ansell DM, Paus R. A guide to studying human dermal adipocytes in situ. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:589-602. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carina Nicu
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - Laura Bonsell
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | | | - David M. Ansell
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre; Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; Manchester UK
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery; Miller School of Medicine; University of Miami; Miami FL USA
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65
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Suhito IR, Han Y, Min J, Son H, Kim TH. In situ label-free monitoring of human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell differentiation into multiple lineages. Biomaterials 2018; 154:223-233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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66
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Laforest S, Pelletier M, Michaud A, Daris M, Descamps J, Soulet D, Jensen MD, Tchernof A. Histomorphometric analyses of human adipose tissues using intact, flash-frozen samples. Histochem Cell Biol 2018; 149:209-218. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-018-1635-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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67
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Scott RW, Underhill TM. Methods and Strategies for Lineage Tracing of Mesenchymal Progenitor Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1416:171-203. [PMID: 27236672 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3584-0_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal progenitors (MP) are found to varying extents in most tissues and organs. Their relationship to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) remains unclear, however, both populations appear to share a number of properties as defined by functional assays, clonogenic activity, and genetic and cell surface markers. MSCs were originally defined by their in vitro colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F) activity and their ability to contribute to various mesenchymal lineages (i.e. cartilage, bone, and fat). MSCs also appear to exhibit some unique properties, in that expanded clones in the absence of bone-inducing factors generate bone spicules/organs in vivo. Subsequent analysis of these elements has demonstrated that the transplanted cells directly contribute to multiple mesenchymal lineages. Our ability to study MP and/or MSC behavior and lineage potential in vivo has been hampered by a lack of suitable Cre lines in which to effectively genetically mark and follow the fate and activity of these cells in development, growth, homeostasis and following injury or in disease. The emergence of several new genetic lines is enabling us to now address critical questions regarding MP/MSC location, behavior, function, and fate. The use of these lines and others in conjunction with suitable reporter lines will be described for MP/MSC cell fate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wilder Scott
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, USA
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences and Biomedical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, 2222 Health Sciences Mall, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, USA.
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68
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Mosa R, Huang L, Wu Y, Fung C, Mallawakankanamalage O, LeRoith D, Chen C. Hexarelin, a Growth Hormone Secretagogue, Improves Lipid Metabolic Aberrations in Nonobese Insulin-Resistant Male MKR Mice. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3174-3187. [PMID: 28977588 PMCID: PMC5659698 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the occurrence of dyslipidemia and its contribution to the development of insulin resistance in obese subjects, a growing number of studies have described abnormal lipid profiles among leaner persons. For example, individuals with an abnormal paucity or distribution of fat (lipodystrophy) develop severe insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Deranged adipocyte metabolism and differentiation contribute to ectopic fat deposition and consequent development of insulin resistance. Growth hormone (GH) therapy has been shown to correct body composition abnormalities in some lipodystrophy patients. However, little is known about the effects of GH-releasing peptides in this regard. Hexarelin, a GH secretagogue, has recently been shown to have beneficial effects on fat metabolism via the CD36 receptor. In this study, the effects of twice daily intraperitoneal injections of hexarelin (200 μg/kg body weight) were examined in nonobese insulin-resistant MKR mice and corresponding wild-type FVB mice for 12 days. Hexarelin treatment significantly improved glucose and insulin intolerance and decreased plasma and liver triglycerides in MKR mice. These beneficial metabolic effects could be due to the improved lipid metabolism and enhanced adipocyte differentiation of white adipose tissue with hexarelin treatment. Interestingly, although food intake of hexarelin-treated MKR mice was significantly increased, this did not change total body weight. Moreover, hexarelin treatment corrected the abnormal body composition of MKR mice, as demonstrated by a decrease in fat mass and an increase in lean mass. Our results suggest a possible application of hexarelin in treatment of lipid disorders associated with the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Mosa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lili Huang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yeda Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Chungyan Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oshini Mallawakankanamalage
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Derek LeRoith
- Clinical Endocrinology Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Chen Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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69
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Camell CD, Sander J, Spadaro O, Lee A, Nguyen KY, Wing A, Goldberg EL, Youm YH, Brown CW, Elsworth J, Rodeheffer MS, Schultze JL, Dixit VD. Inflammasome-driven catecholamine catabolism in macrophages blunts lipolysis during ageing. Nature 2017; 550:119-123. [PMID: 28953873 PMCID: PMC5718149 DOI: 10.1038/nature24022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Catecholamine-induced lipolysis, the first step in generation of energy substrates through hydrolysis of triglycerides (TGs) 1, declines with age 2,3. The defect in mobilization of free fatty acids (FFA) in elderly is accompanied with increased visceral adiposity, lower exercise capacity, failure to maintain core body temperature during cold stress, and reduced ability to survive starvation. While catecholamine signaling in adipocytes is normal in elderly, how lipolysis is impaired in aging remains unknown 2,4. Here we uncover that the adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) regulate age-related reduction in adipocyte lipolysis by lowering the bioavailability of norepinephrine (NE). Unexpectedly, unbiased whole transcriptome analyses of adipose macrophages revealed that aging upregulates genes controlling catecholamine degradation in an NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent manner. Deletion of NLRP3 in aging restored catecholamine-induced lipolysis through downregulation of growth differentiation factor-3 (GDF3) and monoamine oxidase-a (MAOA) that is known to degrade NE. Consistent with this, deletion of GDF3 in inflammasome-activated macrophages improved lipolysis by decreasing MAOA and caspase-1. Furthermore, inhibition of MAOA reversed age-related reduction in adipose tissue NE concentration and restored lipolysis with increased levels of key lipolytic enzymes, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone sensitive lipase (HSL). Our study reveals that targeting neuro-innate signaling between sympathetic nervous system and macrophages may offer new approaches to mitigate chronic inflammation-induced metabolic impairment and functional decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina D Camell
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Jil Sander
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Olga Spadaro
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Aileen Lee
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Kim Y Nguyen
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Allison Wing
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Emily L Goldberg
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Yun-Hee Youm
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Chester W Brown
- Genetics Division, Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee 38163, USA
| | - John Elsworth
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Matthew S Rodeheffer
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Genomics and Immunoregulation, LIMES-Institute, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany.,Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics Unit at the University of Bonn and the German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Bonn, Germany
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA.,Yale Center for Research on Aging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
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70
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Sun Q, Qi W, Xiao X, Yang SH, Kim D, Yoon KS, Clark JM, Park Y. Imidacloprid Promotes High Fat Diet-Induced Adiposity in Female C57BL/6J Mice and Enhances Adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes via the AMPKα-Mediated Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:6572-6581. [PMID: 28704996 PMCID: PMC5576855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide, was previously reported to enhance adipogenesis and resulted in insulin resistance in cell culture models. It was also reported to promote high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in male C57BL/6J mice. Thus, the goal of the present study was to determine the effects of imidacloprid and dietary fat interaction on the development of adiposity and insulin resistance in female C57BL/6J mice. Mice were fed with a low (4% w/w) or high fat (20% w/w) diet containing imidacloprid (0.06, 0.6, or 6 mg/kg bw/day) for 12 weeks. Mice fed with imidacloprid (0.6 mg/kg bw/day) significantly enhanced high fat diet-induced weight gain and adiposity. Treatment with imidacloprid significantly increased serum insulin levels with high fat diet without effects on other markers of glucose homeostasis. AMPKα activation was significantly inhibited by 0.6 and 6 mg imidacloprid/kg bw/day in white adipose tissue. Moreover, AMPKα activation with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide abolished the effects of imidacloprid (10 μM) on enhanced adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. N-Acetyl cysteine also partially reversed the effects of imidacloprid on reduced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT) in C2C12 myotubes. These results indicate that imidacloprid may potentiate high fat diet-induced adiposity in female C57BL/6J mice and enhance adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via the AMPKα-mediated pathway. Imidacloprid might also influence glucose homeostasis partially by inducing cellular oxidative stress in C2C12 myotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancai Sun
- Department
of Food Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Weipeng Qi
- Department
of Food Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department
of Food Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Szu-Hao Yang
- Department
of Food Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department
of Food Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kyong Sup Yoon
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, United States
| | - John M. Clark
- Department
of Food Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department
of Food Science, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, and Department of Veterinary and Animal
Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- Tel: (413) 545-1018; e-mail:
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Bredella MA, Karastergiou K, Bos SA, Gerweck AV, Torriani M, Fried SK, Miller KK. GH administration decreases subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size in men with abdominal obesity. Growth Horm IGF Res 2017; 35:17-20. [PMID: 28628810 PMCID: PMC5585040 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of short-term GH administration on abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size and CT attenuation in men with abdominal obesity. DESIGN 6-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of GH (starting dose 2μg/kg/d) vs placebo of 15 abdominally obese men (mean age: 34±6years; mean BMI: 37.7±6.1kg/m2, mean IGF-1 SDS: -1.9±0.5) who underwent abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) aspirations to determine adipocyte size, CTs for body composition and measures of glucose tolerance at baseline and 6weeks. GH dosing was titrated to target IGF-1 levels in the upper normal age-appropriate range. RESULTS GH administration decreased subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size compared to placebo. Adipocyte size was positively associated with 120-min glucose and HOMA-IR and inversely associated with peak-stimulated GH and CT attenuation. CT attenuation of SAT was inversely associated with 120-min glucose and HOMA-IR and increased following GH administration. CONCLUSION In men with abdominal obesity, subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size is positively associated with measures of impaired glucose tolerance and administration of GH at doses that raise IGF-1 levels within the normal range, decreases abdominal subcutaneous adipocyte size, suggesting that GH administration improves the health of adipose tissue. Clinical trials number: NCT00131378.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam A Bredella
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.
| | - Kalypso Karastergiou
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., EBRC 810, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Stijn A Bos
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anu V Gerweck
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martin Torriani
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Susan K Fried
- Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, 650 Albany St., EBRC 810, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Karen K Miller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Holtrup B, Church CD, Berry R, Colman L, Jeffery E, Bober J, Rodeheffer MS. Puberty is an important developmental period for the establishment of adipose tissue mass and metabolic homeostasis. Adipocyte 2017; 6:224-233. [PMID: 28792785 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2017.1349042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, the incidence of childhood obesity has risen dramatically. This recent rise in childhood obesity is particularly concerning as adults who were obese during childhood develop type II diabetes that is intractable to current forms of treatment compared with individuals who develop obesity in adulthood. While the mechanisms responsible for the exacerbated diabetic phenotype associated with childhood obesity is not clear, it is well known that childhood is an important time period for the establishment of normal white adipose tissue in humans. This association suggests that exposure to obesogenic stimuli during adipose development may have detrimental effects on adipose function and metabolic homeostasis. In this study, we identify the period of development associated with puberty, postnatal days 18-34, as critical for the establishment of normal adipose mass in mice. Exposure of mice to high fat diet only during this time period results in metabolic dysfunction, increased leptin expression, and increased adipocyte size in adulthood in the absence of sustained increased fat mass or body weight. These findings indicate that exposure to obesogenic stimuli during critical developmental periods have prolonged effects on adipose tissue function that may contribute to the exacerbated metabolic dysfunctions associated with childhood obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Holtrup
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christopher D. Church
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ryan Berry
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Laura Colman
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Elise Jeffery
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jeremy Bober
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew S. Rodeheffer
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Integrative Cell Signaling and Neurobiology of Metabolism, Department of Comparative Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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73
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Braune J, Weyer U, Matz-Soja M, Hobusch C, Kern M, Kunath A, Klöting N, Kralisch S, Blüher M, Gebhardt R, Zavros Y, Bechmann I, Gericke M. Hedgehog signalling in myeloid cells impacts on body weight, adipose tissue inflammation and glucose metabolism. Diabetologia 2017; 60:889-899. [PMID: 28233033 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-017-4223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Recently, hedgehog (Hh) was identified as a crucial player in adipose tissue development and energy expenditure. Therefore, we tested whether Hh ligands are regulated in obesity. Further, we aimed at identifying potential target cells of Hh signalling and studied the functional impact of Hh signalling on adipose tissue inflammation and glucose metabolism. METHODS Hh ligands and receptors were analysed in adipose tissue or serum from lean and obese mice as well as in humans. To study the impact on adipose tissue inflammation and glucose metabolism, Hh signalling was specifically blocked in myeloid cells using a conditional knockout approach (Lys-Smo -/-). RESULTS Desert Hh (DHH) and Indian Hh (IHH) are local Hh ligands, whereas Sonic Hh is not expressed in adipose tissue from mice or humans. In mice, obesity leads to a preferential upregulation of Hh ligands (Dhh) and signalling components (Ptch1, Smo and Gli1) in subcutaneous adipose tissue. Further, adipose tissue macrophages are Hh target cells owing to the expression of Hh receptors, such as Patched1 and 2. Conditional knockout of Smo (which encodes Smoothened, a mandatory Hh signalling component) in myeloid cells increases body weight and adipose tissue inflammation and attenuates glucose tolerance, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect of Hh signalling. In humans, adipose tissue expression of DHH and serum IHH decrease with obesity and type 2 diabetes, which might be explained by the intake of metformin. Interestingly, metformin reduced Dhh and Ihh expression in mouse adipose tissue explants. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Hh signalling in myeloid cells affects adipose tissue inflammation and glucose metabolism and may be a potential target to treat type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Braune
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Oststrasse 25, D-04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Weyer
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Oststrasse 25, D-04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Constance Hobusch
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Oststrasse 25, D-04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Kern
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anne Kunath
- IFB Adiposity Disease, Core Unit, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Klöting
- IFB Adiposity Disease, Core Unit, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susann Kralisch
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rolf Gebhardt
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Yana Zavros
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, USA
| | - Ingo Bechmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Oststrasse 25, D-04317, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Gericke
- Institute of Anatomy, Leipzig University, Oststrasse 25, D-04317, Leipzig, Germany.
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74
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HO-1 inhibits preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation at the onset of obesity via ROS dependent activation of Akt2. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40881. [PMID: 28102348 PMCID: PMC5244367 DOI: 10.1038/srep40881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is a hallmark of obesity. The expansion of WAT in obesity involves proliferation and differentiation of adipose precursors, however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we used an unbiased transcriptomics approach to identify the earliest molecular underpinnings occuring in adipose precursors following a brief HFD in mice. Our analysis identifies Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) as strongly and selectively being upregulated in the adipose precursor fraction of WAT, upon high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. Specific deletion of HO-1 in adipose precursors of Hmox1fl/flPdgfraCre mice enhanced HFD-dependent visceral adipose precursor proliferation and differentiation. Mechanistically, HO-1 reduces HFD-induced AKT2 phosphorylation via ROS thresholding in mitochondria to reduce visceral adipose precursor proliferation. HO-1 influences adipogenesis in a cell-autonomous way by regulating
events early in adipogenesis, during the process of mitotic clonal expansion, upstream of Cebpα and PPARγ. Similar effects on human preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro were observed upon modulation of HO-1 expression. This collectively renders HO-1 as an essential factor linking extrinsic factors (HFD) with inhibition of specific downstream molecular mediators (ROS & AKT2), resulting in diminished adipogenesis that may contribute to hyperplastic adipose tissue expansion.
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75
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Aboualizadeh E, Carmichael OT, He P, Albarado DC, Morrison CD, Hirschmugl CJ. Quantifying Biochemical Alterations in Brown and Subcutaneous White Adipose Tissues of Mice Using Fourier Transform Infrared Widefield Imaging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:121. [PMID: 28620356 PMCID: PMC5450226 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Stimulating increased thermogenic activity in adipose tissue is an important biological target for obesity treatment, and label-free imaging techniques with the potential to quantify stimulation-associated biochemical changes to the adipose tissue are highly sought after. In this study, we used spatially resolved Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging to quantify biochemical changes caused by cold exposure in the brown and subcutaneous white adipose tissues (BAT and s-WAT) of 6 week-old C57BL6 mice exposed to 30°C (N = 5), 24°C (N = 5), and 10°C (N = 5) conditions for 10 days. Fat exposed to colder temperatures demonstrated greater thermogenic activity as indicated by increased messenger RNA expression levels of a panel of thermogenic marker genes including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) and Dio2. Protein to lipid ratio, calculated from the ratio of the integrated area from 1,600 to 1,700 cm-1 (amide I) to the integrated area from 2,830 to 2,980 cm-1 (saturated lipids), was elevated in 10°C BAT and s-WAT compared to 24°C (p = 0.004 and p < 0.0001) and 30°C (p = 0.0033 and p < 0.0001). Greater protein to lipid ratio was associated with greater UCP-1 expression level in the BAT (p = 0.021) and s-WAT (p = 0.032) and greater Dio2 expression in s-WAT (p = 0.033). The degree of unsaturation, calculated from the ratio of the integrated area from 2,992 to 3,020 cm-1 (unsaturated lipids) to the integrated area from 2,830 to 2,980 cm-1 (saturated lipids), showed stepwise decreases going from colder-exposed to warmer-exposed BAT. Complementary 1H NMR measurements confirmed the findings from this ratio in BAT. Principal component analysis applied to FTIR spectra revealed pronounced differences in overall spectral characteristics between 30, 24, and 10°C BAT and s-WAT. Spatially resolved FTIR imaging is a promising technique to quantify cold-induced biochemical changes in BAT and s-WAT in a label-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebrahim Aboualizadeh
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | | | - Ping He
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | - Diana C. Albarado
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
| | | | - Carol J. Hirschmugl
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, United States
- *Correspondence: Carol J. Hirschmugl,
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76
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Fischer AW, Shabalina IG, Mattsson CL, Abreu-Vieira G, Cannon B, Nedergaard J, Petrovic N. UCP1 inhibition in Cidea-overexpressing mice is physiologically counteracted by brown adipose tissue hyperrecruitment. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2017; 312:E72-E87. [PMID: 27923808 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00284.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cidea is a gene highly expressed in thermogenesis-competent (UCP1-containing) adipose cells, both brown and brite/beige. Here, we initially demonstrate a remarkable adipose-depot specific regulation of Cidea expression. In classical brown fat, Cidea mRNA is expressed continuously and invariably, irrespective of tissue recruitment. However, Cidea protein levels are regulated posttranscriptionally, being conspicuously induced in the thermogenically recruited state. In contrast, in brite fat, Cidea protein levels are regulated at the transcriptional level, and Cidea mRNA and protein levels are proportional to tissue "briteness." Although routinely followed as a thermogenic molecular marker, Cidea function is not clarified. Here, we employed a gain-of-function approach to examine a possible role of Cidea in the regulation of thermogenesis. We utilized transgenic aP2-hCidea mice that overexpress human Cidea in all adipose tissues. We demonstrate that UCP1 activity is markedly suppressed in brown-fat mitochondria isolated from aP2-hCidea mice. However, mitochondrial UCP1 protein levels were identical in wild-type and transgenic mice. This implies a regulatory effect of Cidea on UCP1 activity, but as we demonstrate that Cidea itself is not localized to mitochondria, we propose an indirect inhibitory effect. The Cidea-induced inhibition of UCP1 activity (observed in isolated mitochondria) is physiologically relevant since the mice, through an appropriate homeostatic compensatory mechanism, increased the total amount of UCP1 in the tissue to exactly match the diminished thermogenic capacity of the UCP1 protein and retain unaltered nonshivering thermogenic capacity. Thus, we verified Cidea as being a marker of thermogenesis-competent adipose tissues, but we conclude that Cidea, unexpectedly, functions molecularly as an indirect inhibitor of thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander W Fischer
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Irina G Shabalina
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte L Mattsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Gustavo Abreu-Vieira
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Barbara Cannon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Nedergaard
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natasa Petrovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden;
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Sun Q, Xiao X, Kim Y, Kim D, Yoon KS, Clark JM, Park Y. Imidacloprid Promotes High Fat Diet-Induced Adiposity and Insulin Resistance in Male C57BL/6J Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9293-9306. [PMID: 27960282 PMCID: PMC5325319 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid, a neonicotinoid insecticide widely used in agriculture worldwide, has been reported to promote adipogenesis and cause insulin resistance in vitro. The purpose of the current study was to determine the effects of imidacloprid and its interaction with dietary fat in the development of adiposity and insulin resistance using male C57BL/6J mice. Imidacloprid (0.06, 0.6, or 6 mg/kg bw/day) was mixed in a low-fat (4% w/w) or high-fat (20% w/w) diet and given to mice ad libitum for 12 weeks. Imidacloprid significantly promoted high fat diet-induced body weight gain and adiposity. In addition, imidacloprid treatment with the high fat diet resulted in impaired glucose metabolism. Consistently, there were significant effects of imidacloprid on genes regulating lipid and glucose metabolisms, including the AMP-activated protein kinase-α (AMPKα) pathway in white adipose tissue and liver. These results suggest that imidacloprid may potentiate high fat diet-induced adiposity and insulin resistance in male C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancai Sun
- Department
of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department
of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yoo Kim
- Department
of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Daeyoung Kim
- Department
of Mathematics and Statistics, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Kyoon Sup Yoon
- Department
of Biological Sciences and Environmental Sciences Program, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois 62026, United States
| | - John M. Clark
- Department
of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University
of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Yeonhwa Park
- Department
of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
- (Y.P.) Mail: Department of Food
Science, University of Massachusetts, 102 Holdsworth Way, Amherst,
MA 01003, USA. Phone: (413) 545-1018. Fax: (413)
545-1262. E-mail:
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Cederquist CT, Lentucci C, Martinez-Calejman C, Hayashi V, Orofino J, Guertin D, Fried SK, Lee MJ, Cardamone MD, Perissi V. Systemic insulin sensitivity is regulated by GPS2 inhibition of AKT ubiquitination and activation in adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2016; 6:125-137. [PMID: 28123943 PMCID: PMC5220281 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Insulin signaling plays a unique role in the regulation of energy homeostasis and the impairment of insulin action is associated with altered lipid metabolism, obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes. The main aim of this study was to provide further insight into the regulatory mechanisms governing the insulin signaling pathway by investigating the role of non-proteolytic ubiquitination in insulin-mediated activation of AKT. Methods The molecular mechanism of AKT regulation through ubiquitination is first dissected in vitro in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and then validated in vivo using mice with adipo-specific deletion of GPS2, an endogenous inhibitor of Ubc13 activity (GPS2-AKO mice). Results Our results indicate that K63 ubiquitination is a critical component of AKT activation in the insulin signaling pathway and that counter-regulation of this step is provided by GPS2 preventing AKT ubiquitination through inhibition of Ubc13 enzymatic activity. Removal of this negative checkpoint, through GPS2 downregulation or genetic deletion, results in sustained activation of insulin signaling both in vitro and in vivo. As a result, the balance between lipid accumulation and utilization is shifted toward storage in the adipose tissue and GPS2-AKO mice become obese under normal laboratory chow diet. However, the adipose tissue of GPS2-AKO mice is not inflamed, the levels of circulating adiponectin are elevated, and systemic insulin sensitivity is overall improved. Conclusions Our findings characterize a novel layer of regulation of the insulin signaling pathway based on non-proteolytic ubiquitination of AKT and define GPS2 as a previously unrecognized component of the insulin signaling cascade. In accordance with this role, we have shown that GPS2 presence in adipocytes modulates systemic metabolism by restricting the activation of insulin signaling during the fasted state, whereas in absence of GPS2, the adipose tissue is more efficient at lipid storage, and obesity becomes uncoupled from inflammation and insulin resistance. Ubc13-mediated ubiquitination of AKT is required for activation of the insulin signaling pathway. GPS2 regulates insulin signaling by inhibiting AKT ubiquitination and activation. Adipo-specific deletion of GPS2 results in increased adiposity and altered lipid flux in the adipocytes. GPS2-AKO mice have higher levels of circulating adiponectin and are insulin sensitive despite being obese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly T Cederquist
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Claudia Lentucci
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Camila Martinez-Calejman
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Vanessa Hayashi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Joseph Orofino
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - David Guertin
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 373 Plantation St, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Susan K Fried
- Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustav Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Mi-Jeong Lee
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - M Dafne Cardamone
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Valentina Perissi
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, 72 E. Concord St, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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79
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Kim M, Pichiah PBT, Kim DK, Cha YS. Black adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) extract exerts phenotypic effects on white adipose tissue and reverses liver steatosis in diet-induced obese mice. J Food Biochem 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mina Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 South Korea
| | | | - Dae Keun Kim
- College of Pharmacy; Woosuk University; Jeonju 565-701 South Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Cha
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, and Research Institute of Human Ecology; Chonbuk National University; Jeonju 561-756 South Korea
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Kunath A, Hesselbarth N, Gericke M, Kern M, Dommel S, Kovacs P, Stumvoll M, Blüher M, Klöting N. Repin1 deficiency improves insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in db/db mice by reducing adipose tissue mass and inflammation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:398-402. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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81
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Barreau C, Labit E, Guissard C, Rouquette J, Boizeau ML, Gani Koumassi S, Carrière A, Jeanson Y, Berger-Müller S, Dromard C, Plouraboué F, Casteilla L, Lorsignol A. Regionalization of browning revealed by whole subcutaneous adipose tissue imaging. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1081-9. [PMID: 26999447 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE White and brown adipose tissues play a major role in the regulation of metabolic functions. With the explosion of obesity and metabolic disorders, the interest in adipocyte biology is growing constantly. While several studies have demonstrated functional differences between adipose fat pads, especially in their involvement in metabolic diseases, there are no data available on possible heterogeneity within an adipose depot. METHODS This study investigated the three-dimensional (3-D) organization of the inguinal fat pad in adult mice by combining adipose tissue clearing and autofluorescence signal acquisition by confocal microscopy. In addition, the study analyzed the expression of genes involved in adipocyte biology and browning at the mARN and protein levels in distinct areas of the inguinal adipose tissue, in control conditions and after cold exposure. RESULTS Semiautomated 3-D image analysis revealed an organization of the fat depot showing two regions: the core was structured into segmented lobules, whereas the periphery appeared unsegmented. Perilipin immunostaining showed that most of the adipocytes located in the core region had smaller lipid droplets, suggesting a brown-like phenotype. qPCR analysis showed a higher expression of the browning markers Ucp1, Prdm16, Ppargc1a, and Cidea in the core region than at the periphery. Finally, cold exposure induced upregulation of thermogenic gene expression associated with an increase of UCP1 protein, specifically in the core region of the inguinal fat depot. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these data demonstrate a structural and functional heterogeneity of the inguinal fat pad, with an anatomically restricted browning process in the core area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Barreau
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, EFS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Elodie Labit
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, EFS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Jacques Rouquette
- Institut des Techniques Avancées du Vivant, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie-Laure Boizeau
- Institut des Techniques Avancées du Vivant, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Audrey Carrière
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, EFS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Yannick Jeanson
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, EFS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Cécile Dromard
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, EFS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Franck Plouraboué
- Institut de Mécanique des Fluides, Université de Toulouse, INPT, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Louis Casteilla
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, EFS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne Lorsignol
- Stromalab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, EFS, INSERM, UPS, Toulouse, France
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82
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Zielins ER, Paik K, Ransom RC, Brett EA, Blackshear CP, Luan A, Walmsley GG, Atashroo DA, Senarath-Yapa K, Momeni A, Rennert R, Sorkin M, Seo EY, Chan CK, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Enrichment of Adipose-Derived Stromal Cells for BMPR1A Facilitates Enhanced Adipogenesis. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:214-21. [PMID: 26585335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2015.0278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reconstruction of soft tissue defects has traditionally relied on the use of grafts and flaps, which may be associated with variable resorption and/or significant donor site morbidity. Cell-based strategies employing adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs), found within the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue, may offer an alternative strategy for soft tissue reconstruction. In this study, we investigated the potential of a bone morphogenetic protein receptor type 1A (BMPR1A)(+) subpopulation of ASCs to enhance de novo adipogenesis. METHODS Human lipoaspirate was enzymatically digested to isolate SVF and magnetic-activated cell separation was utilized to obtain BMPR1A(+) and BMPR1A(-) cells. These cells, along with unenriched cells, were expanded in culture and evaluated for adipogenic gene expression and in vitro adipocyte formation. Cells from each group were also labeled with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) lentivirus and transplanted into the inguinal fat pads, an adipogenic niche, of immunocompromised mice to determine their potential for de novo adipogenesis. Confocal microscopy along with staining of lipid droplets and vasculature was performed to evaluate the formation of mature adipocytes by transplanted cells. RESULTS In comparison to BMPR1A(-) and unenriched ASCs, BMPR1A(+) cells demonstrated significantly enhanced adipogenesis when cultured in an adipogenic differentiation medium, as evidenced by increased staining with Oil Red O and increased expression of peroxisome proliferator-activating receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) and fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4). BMPR1A(+) cells also formed significantly more adipocytes in vivo, as demonstrated by quantification of GFP+ adipocytes. Minimal formation of mature adipocytes was appreciated by BMPR1A(-) cells. CONCLUSIONS BMPR1A(+) ASCs show an enhanced ability for adipogenesis in vitro, as shown by gene expression and histological staining. Furthermore, within an adipogenic niche, BMPR1A(+) cells possessed an increased capacity to generate de novo fat compared to BMPR1A(-) and unenriched cells. This suggests utility for the BMPR1A(+) subpopulation in cell-based strategies for soft tissue reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R Zielins
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Kevin Paik
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Ryan C Ransom
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Elizabeth A Brett
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Charles P Blackshear
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Anna Luan
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Graham G Walmsley
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - David A Atashroo
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Kshemendra Senarath-Yapa
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Arash Momeni
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Robert Rennert
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Michael Sorkin
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Eun Young Seo
- 2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Charles K Chan
- 2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
| | - Michael T Longaker
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California.,2 Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University , Stanford, California
| | - Derrick C Wan
- 1 Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine , Stanford, California
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Rapid depot-specific activation of adipocyte precursor cells at the onset of obesity. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:376-85. [PMID: 25730471 PMCID: PMC4380653 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Excessive accumulation of white adipose tissue (WAT) is the defining characteristic of obesity. WAT mass is composed primarily of mature adipocytes, which are generated through the proliferation and differentiation of adipocyte precursors (APs). While the production of new adipocytes contributes to WAT growth in obesity, little is known about the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying adipogenesis in vivo. Here, we show that high-fat diet feeding in mice rapidly and transiently induces proliferation of APs within WAT to produce new adipocytes. Importantly, the activation of adipogenesis is specific to the perigonadal visceral depot in male mice, consistent with the patterns of obesogenic WAT growth observed in humans. Additionally, we find that in multiple models of obesity, the activation of APs is dependent upon the phosphoinositde 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT2 pathway; however, the development of WAT does not require AKT2. These data indicate that developmental and obesogenic adipogenesis are regulated through distinct molecular mechanisms.
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84
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Kahraman S, Dirice E, De Jesus DF, Hu J, Kulkarni RN. Maternal insulin resistance and transient hyperglycemia impact the metabolic and endocrine phenotypes of offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 307:E906-18. [PMID: 25249504 PMCID: PMC4233258 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00210.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Studies in both humans and rodents suggest that maternal diabetes leads to a higher risk of the fetus developing impaired glucose tolerance and obesity during adulthood. However, the impact of hyperinsulinemia in the mother on glucose homeostasis in the offspring has not been fully explored. We aimed to determine the consequences of maternal insulin resistance on offspring metabolism and endocrine pancreas development using the LIRKO mouse model, which exhibits sustained hyperinsulinemia and transient increase in blood glucose concentrations during pregnancy. We examined control offspring born to either LIRKO or control mothers on embryonic days 13.5, 15.5, and 17.5 and postpartum days 0, 4, and 10. Control offspring born to LIRKO mothers displayed low birth weights and subsequently rapidly gained weight, and their blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were higher than offspring born to control mothers in early postnatal life. In addition, concentrations of plasma leptin, glucagon, and active GLP-1 were higher in control pups from LIRKO mothers. Analyses of the endocrine pancreas revealed significantly reduced β-cell area in control offspring of LIRKO mothers shortly after birth. β-Cell proliferation and total islet number were also lower in control offspring of LIRKO mothers during early postnatal days. Together, these data indicate that maternal hyperinsulinemia and the transient hyperglycemia impair endocrine pancreas development in the control offspring and induce multiple metabolic alterations in early postnatal life. The relatively smaller β-cell mass/area and β-cell proliferation in these control offspring suggest cell-autonomous epigenetic mechanisms in the regulation of islet growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevim Kahraman
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ercument Dirice
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Dario F De Jesus
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiang Hu
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rohit N Kulkarni
- Section of Islet Cell and Regenerative Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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85
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Jeffery E, Berry R, Church CD, Yu S, Shook BA, Horsley V, Rosen ED, Rodeheffer MS. Characterization of Cre recombinase models for the study of adipose tissue. Adipocyte 2014; 3:206-11. [PMID: 25068087 PMCID: PMC4110097 DOI: 10.4161/adip.29674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of adipose tissue in vivo has been significantly advanced through the use of genetic mouse models. While the aP2-Cre(BI) and aP2-Cre(Salk) lines have been widely used to target adipose tissue, the specificity of these lines for adipocytes has recently been questioned. Here we characterize Cre recombinase activity in multiple cell populations of the major adipose tissue depots of these and other Cre lines using the membrane-Tomato/membrane-GFP (mT/mG) dual fluorescent reporter. We find that the aP2-Cre(BI) and aP2-Cre(Salk) lines lack specificity for adipocytes within adipose tissue, and that the aP2-Cre(BI) line does not efficiently target adipocytes in white adipose depots. Alternatively, the Adiponectin-CreERT line shows high efficiency and specificity for adipocytes, while the PdgfRα-CreERUCL and PdgfRα-CreERJHU lines do not efficiently target adipocyte precursor cells in the major adipose depots. Instead, we show that the PdgfRα-Cre line is preferable for studies targeting adipocyte precursor cells in vivo.
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86
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Kim M, Neinast MD, Frank AP, Sun K, Park J, Zehr JA, Vishvanath L, Morselli E, Amelotte M, Palmer BF, Gupta RK, Scherer PE, Clegg DJ. ERα upregulates Phd3 to ameliorate HIF-1 induced fibrosis and inflammation in adipose tissue. Mol Metab 2014; 3:642-51. [PMID: 25161887 PMCID: PMC4142394 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1 (HIF-1) promotes fibrosis and inflammation in adipose tissues, while estrogens and Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) have the opposite effect. Here we identify an Estrogen Response Element (ERE) in the promoter of Phd3, which is a negative regulatory enzyme of HIF-1, and we demonstrate HIF-1α is ubiquitinated following 17-β estradiol (E2)/ERα mediated Phd3 transcription. Manipulating ERα in vivo increases Phd3 transcription and reduces HIF-1 activity, while addition of PHD3 ameliorates adipose tissue fibrosis and inflammation. Our findings outline a novel regulatory relationship between E2/ERα, PHD3 and HIF-1 in adipose tissues, providing a mechanistic explanation for the protective effect of E2/ERα in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Kim
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Aaron P Frank
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kai Sun
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jiyoung Park
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA ; Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 50 UNIST Street, Ulsan 689-798, South Korea
| | - Jordan A Zehr
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lavanya Vishvanath
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Eugenia Morselli
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Mason Amelotte
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Biff F Palmer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Rana K Gupta
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Philipp E Scherer
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Deborah J Clegg
- Touchstone Diabetes Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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