51
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Jorgenson E, Thai KK, Hoffmann TJ, Sakoda LC, Kvale MN, Banda Y, Schaefer C, Risch N, Mertens J, Weisner C, Choquet H. Genetic contributors to variation in alcohol consumption vary by race/ethnicity in a large multi-ethnic genome-wide association study. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:1359-1367. [PMID: 28485404 PMCID: PMC5568932 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol consumption is a complex trait determined by both genetic and environmental factors, and is correlated with the risk of alcohol use disorders. Although a small number of genetic loci have been reported to be associated with variation in alcohol consumption, genetic factors are estimated to explain about half of the variance in alcohol consumption, suggesting that additional loci remain to be discovered. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of alcohol consumption in the large Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort, in four race/ethnicity groups: non-Hispanic whites, Hispanic/Latinos, East Asians and African Americans. We examined two statistically independent phenotypes reflecting subjects' alcohol consumption during the past year, based on self-reported information: any alcohol intake (drinker/non-drinker status) and the regular quantity of drinks consumed per week (drinks/week) among drinkers. We assessed these two alcohol consumption phenotypes in each race/ethnicity group, and in a combined trans-ethnic meta-analysis comprising a total of 86 627 individuals. We observed the strongest association between the previously reported single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 in ALDH2 and alcohol drinker status (odd ratio (OR)=0.40, P=2.28 × 10-72) in East Asians, and also an effect on drinks/week (beta=-0.17, P=5.42 × 10-4) in the same group. We also observed a genome-wide significant association in non-Hispanic whites between the previously reported SNP rs1229984 in ADH1B and both alcohol consumption phenotypes (OR=0.79, P=2.47 × 10-20 for drinker status and beta=-0.19, P=1.91 × 10-35 for drinks/week), which replicated in Hispanic/Latinos (OR=0.72, P=4.35 × 10-7 and beta=-0.21, P=2.58 × 10-6, respectively). Although prior studies reported effects of ADH1B and ALDH2 on lifetime measures, such as risk of alcohol dependence, our study adds further evidence of the effect of the same genes on a cross-sectional measure of average drinking. Our trans-ethnic meta-analysis confirmed recent findings implicating the KLB and GCKR loci in alcohol consumption, with strongest associations observed for rs7686419 (beta=-0.04, P=3.41 × 10-10 for drinks/week and OR=0.96, P=4.08 × 10-5 for drinker status), and rs4665985 (beta=0.04, P=2.26 × 10-8 for drinks/week and OR=1.04, P=5 × 10-4 for drinker status), respectively. Finally, we also obtained confirmatory results extending previous findings implicating AUTS2, SGOL1 and SERPINC1 genes in alcohol consumption traits in non-Hispanic whites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Jorgenson
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Khanh K. Thai
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Hoffmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lori C. Sakoda
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Mark N. Kvale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yambazi Banda
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Neil Risch
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA,Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Constance Weisner
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, UCSF Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hélène Choquet
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA
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Treutlein J, Frank J, Streit F, Reinbold CS, Juraeva D, Degenhardt F, Rietschel L, Witt SH, Forstner AJ, Ridinger M, Strohmaier J, Wodarz N, Dukal H, Foo JC, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Soyka M, Maier W, Gaebel W, Dahmen N, Scherbaum N, Müller-Myhsok B, Lucae S, Ising M, Stickel F, Berg T, Roggenbuck U, Jöckel KH, Scholz H, Zimmermann US, Buch S, Sommer WH, Spanagel R, Brors B, Cichon S, Mann K, Kiefer F, Hampe J, Rosendahl J, Nöthen MM, Rietschel M. Genetic Contribution to Alcohol Dependence: Investigation of a Heterogeneous German Sample of Individuals with Alcohol Dependence, Chronic Alcoholic Pancreatitis, and Alcohol-Related Cirrhosis. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:E183. [PMID: 28714907 PMCID: PMC5541316 DOI: 10.3390/genes8070183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the genetic contribution to alcohol dependence (AD) using genome-wide association data from three German samples. These comprised patients with: (i) AD; (ii) chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (ACP); and (iii) alcohol-related liver cirrhosis (ALC). Single marker, gene-based, and pathway analyses were conducted. A significant association was detected for the ADH1B locus in a gene-based approach (puncorrected = 1.2 × 10-6; pcorrected = 0.020). This was driven by the AD subsample. No association with ADH1B was found in the combined ACP + ALC sample. On first inspection, this seems surprising, since ADH1B is a robustly replicated risk gene for AD and may therefore be expected to be associated also with subgroups of AD patients. The negative finding in the ACP + ALC sample, however, may reflect genetic stratification as well as random fluctuation of allele frequencies in the cases and controls, demonstrating the importance of large samples in which the phenotype is well assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Céline S Reinbold
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Dilafruz Juraeva
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics (G200), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Liz Rietschel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Psychiatry (U.P.K.), University of Basel, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
- Psychiatric Health Care Aargau, 5210 Windisch, Switzerland.
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Helene Dukal
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jerome C Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefan Herms
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Michael Soyka
- Private Hospital Meiringen, 3860 Meiringen, Switzerland.
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University, 80336 Munich, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, 40629 Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- LVR-Hospital Essen, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany.
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Department of Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Marcus Ising
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany.
| | - Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
- Hirslanden Private Hospital, 8032 Hirslanden Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas Berg
- Section of Hepatology, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Ulla Roggenbuck
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Karl-Heinz Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University Hospital of Essen, 45122 Essen, Germany.
| | - Henrike Scholz
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Cologne, 50674 Cologne, Germany.
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden Technical University, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Stephan Buch
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics (G200), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Sven Cichon
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University and University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Jonas Rosendahl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Martin Luther University Halle, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, 68159 Mannheim, Germany.
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53
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Sulovari A, Liu Z, Zhu Z, Li D. Genome-wide meta-analysis of copy number variations with alcohol dependence. THE PHARMACOGENOMICS JOURNAL 2017; 18:398-405. [PMID: 28696413 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2017.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Genetic association studies and meta-analyses of alcohol dependence (AD) have reported AD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). These SNPs collectively account for a small portion of estimated heritability in AD. Recent genome-wide copy number variation (CNV) studies have identified CNVs associated with AD and substance dependence, suggesting that a portion of the missing heritability is explained by CNV. We applied PennCNV and QuantiSNP CNV calling algorithms to identify consensus CNVs in five AD cohorts of European and African origins. After rigorous quality control, genome-wide meta-analyses of CNVs were carried out in 3243 well-diagnosed AD cases and 2802 controls. We identified nine CNV regions, including a deletion in chromosome 5q21.3 with a suggestive association with AD (OR=2.15 (1.41-3.29) and P=3.8 × 10-4) and eight nominally significant CNV regions. All regions were replicated with consistent effect sizes across studies and populations. Pathway and gene-drug interaction enrichment analyses based on the resulting genes indicated the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and the recombinant insulin and hyaluronidase drugs, which were relevant to AD biology or treatment. To our knowledge, this is the first genome-wide meta-analysis of CNVs with addiction. Further investigation of the AD-associated CNV regions will provide better understanding of the AD genetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sulovari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Z Liu
- Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Spine Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - D Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.,Neuroscience, Behavior, and Health Initiative, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
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54
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Zaso MJ, Desalu JM, Kim J, Suryadevara K, Belote JM, Park A. Interaction between the ADH1B*3 allele and drinking motives on alcohol use among Black college students. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 44:329-338. [PMID: 28662358 DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1339054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black young adults have lower rates of alcohol use than other racial groups. Genetic factors may protect against drinking. Specifically, the ADH1B*3 allele is present almost exclusively in Black populations and has been protective against alcohol use and alcohol use disorder. The protective effects of the ADH1B*3 allele, however, may differ as a function of alcohol-promoting cognitions. OBJECTIVES The current study examined whether ADH1B*3 moderated relations of drinking motives with alcohol consumption among Black college drinkers. METHODS Participants were 241 undergraduate students of self-identified Black race (mean age = 20 years; 66% female) who reported consuming alcohol at least once in the past 30 days. RESULTS ADH1B*3 was not significantly associated with drinking motives or drinking behaviors. However, significant, albeit small, interaction effects of ADH1B*3 with drinking motives on drinking behavior were found; the presence of an ADH1B*3 allele protected against greater drinking quantity among students with high social motives (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.95, 95% CI [0.92, 0.99]) and against frequent drinking among students with low coping motives (IRR = 1.06, 95% CI [1.01, 1.11]). CONCLUSION These findings represent a novel demonstration of genetic modulation of alcohol-related cognitions within Black college drinkers, although replication is needed. Results represent an initial step toward better characterizing individual differences in associations of drinking motives with drinking behavior, with potential implications for interventions aimed at motivational processes in alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J Zaso
- a Department of Psychology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Jessica M Desalu
- a Department of Psychology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Jueun Kim
- a Department of Psychology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | | | - John M Belote
- b Center for Reproductive Evolution/Department of Biology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
| | - Aesoon Park
- a Department of Psychology , Syracuse University , Syracuse , NY , USA
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55
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Way MJ, Ali MA, McQuillin A, Morgan MY. Genetic variants in ALDH1B1 and alcohol dependence risk in a British and Irish population: A bioinformatic and genetic study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177009. [PMID: 28594837 PMCID: PMC5464525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol is metabolized in the liver via the enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Polymorphisms in the genes encoding these enzymes, which are common in East Asian populations, can alter enzyme kinetics and hence the risk of alcohol dependence and its sequelae. One of the most important genetic variants, in this regards, is the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs671 in ALDH2, the gene encoding the primary acetaldehyde metabolizing enzyme ALDH2. However, the protective allele of rs671 is absent in most Europeans although ALDH1B1, which shares significant sequence homology with ALDH2, contains several, potentially functional, missense SNPs that do occur in European populations. The aims of this study were: (i) to use bioinformatic techniques to characterize the possible effects of selected variants in ALDH1B1 on protein structure and function; and, (ii) to genotype three missense and one stop-gain, protein-altering, non-synonymous SNPs in 1478 alcohol dependent cases and 1254 controls of matched British and Irish ancestry. No significant allelic associations were observed between the three missense SNPs and alcohol dependence risk. The minor allele frequency of rs142427338 (Gln378Ter) was higher in alcohol dependent cases than in controls (allelic P = 0.19, OR = 2.98, [0.62–14.37]) but as this SNP is very rare the study was likely underpowered to detect an association with alcohol dependence risk. This potential association will needs to be further evaluated in other large, independent European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Way
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Adam Ali
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marsha Y. Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Department of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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56
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Emerging roles for ncRNAs in alcohol use disorders. Alcohol 2017; 60:31-39. [PMID: 28438526 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2017.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic alcohol exposure produces widespread neuroadaptations and alterations in gene expression in human alcoholics and animal models. Technological advances in the past decade have increasingly highlighted the role of non-protein-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the regulation of gene expression and function. These recently characterized molecules were discovered to mediate diverse processes in the central nervous system, from normal development and physiology to regulation of disease, including alcoholism and other psychiatric disorders. This review will investigate the recent studies in human alcoholics and rodent models that have profiled different classes of ncRNAs and their dynamic alcohol-dependent regulation in brain.
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Justice AC, McGinnis KA, Tate JP, Xu K, Becker WC, Zhao H, Gelernter J, Kranzler HR. Validating Harmful Alcohol Use as a Phenotype for Genetic Discovery Using Phosphatidylethanol and a Polymorphism in ADH1B. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:998-1003. [PMID: 28295416 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although alcohol risk is heritable, few genetic risk variants have been identified. Longitudinal electronic health record (EHR) data offer a largely untapped source of phenotypic information for genetic studies, but EHR-derived phenotypes for harmful alcohol exposure have yet to be validated. Using a variant of known effect, we used EHR data to develop and validate a phenotype for harmful alcohol exposure that can be used to identify unknown genetic variants in large samples. Herein, we consider the validity of 3 approaches using the 3-item Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test consumption measure (AUDIT-C) as a phenotype for harmful alcohol exposure. METHODS First, using longitudinal AUDIT-C data from the Veterans Aging Cohort Biomarker Study Cohort (VACS-BC), we compared 3 metrics of AUDIT-C using correlation coefficients: (i) AUDIT-C closest to blood sampling (closest AUDIT-C), (ii) the highest value (highest AUDIT-C), (iii) and longitudinal trajectories generated using joint trajectory modeling (AUDIT-C trajectory). Second, we compared the associations of the 3 AUDIT-C metrics with phosphatidylethanol (PEth), a direct, quantitative biomarker for alcohol in the overall sample using chi-square tests for trend. Last, in the subsample of African Americans (AAs; n = 1,503), we compared the associations of the 3 AUDIT-C metrics with rs2066702 a common missense (Arg369Cys) polymorphism of the ADH1B gene, which encodes an alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme. RESULTS The sample (n = 1,851, 94.5% male, 65% HIV+, mean age 52 years) had a median of 7 AUDIT-C scores over a median of 6.1 years. Highest AUDIT-C and AUDIT-C trajectory were correlated r = 0.86. The closest AUDIT-C was obtained a median of 2.26 years after the VACS-BC blood draw. Overall and among AAs, all 3 AUDIT-C metrics were associated with PEth (all p < 0.05), but the gradient was steepest with AUDIT-C trajectory. Among AAs (36% with the protective ADH1B allele), the association of rs2066702 with AUDIT-C trajectory and highest AUDIT-C was statistically significant (p < 0.05), and the gradient was steeper for the AUDIT-C trajectory than for the highest AUDIT-C. The closest AUDIT-C was not statistically significantly associated with rs2066702. CONCLUSIONS EHR data can be used to identify complex phenotypes such as harmful alcohol use. The validity of the phenotype may be enhanced through the use of longitudinal trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Justice
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut.,Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | | | | | - Ke Xu
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - William C Becker
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut.,Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine and VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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58
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Almeida OP, McCaul K, Hankey GJ, Yeap BB, Golledge J, Flicker L. Excessive alcohol consumption increases mortality in later life: a genetic analysis of the health in men cohort study. Addict Biol 2017; 22:570-578. [PMID: 26644136 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We designed this cohort study of men aged 70-89 years to determine if excessive alcohol use increases mortality. They reported history of alcohol use (never, past, ≤ two daily drinks, two to four daily drinks, four to six daily drinks, > six daily drinks) and donated a blood sample in 2001-2004. We determined the ADH1B rs1229984 G>A polymorphism and retrieved mortality data from the Western Australian Data Linkage System. Other study measures included age, education, body mass index, smoking, and history of hypertension, diabetes, chronic respiratory diseases, coronary heart disease and stroke. Of the 3496 participants, 225 (6.4 percent) carried the ADH1B rs1229984 G>A polymorphism. Carriers consumed significantly less alcohol than non-carriers. The adjusted mortality hazard ratio (MHR, 95 percent confidence interval-95%CI) over 8.0 years (range: 10 weeks to 11.2 years) relative to never drinkers was 1.15 (95%CI = 0.86, 1.55) for past drinkers, 0.98 (95%CI = 0.76, 1.25) for men consuming ≤ two daily drinks, 1.13 (95%CI = 0.85, 1.49) for two to four drinks, 1.18 (95%CI = 0.81, 1.71) for four to six drinks and 1.87 (95%CI = 1.11, 3.12) for those consuming more than six daily drinks on a regular basis. The MHR associated with the ADH1B rs1229984 G>A polymorphism was 0.68 (95%CI = 0.54, 0.87). Excessive alcohol use in later life is associated with increased mortality, and this association is likely to be causal. We found no evidence that light to moderate alcohol use decreases the mortality of older men. Health messages regarding the safe use of alcohol in older age may benefit from taking these findings into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo P. Almeida
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences; University of Western Australia; Australia
- WA Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research; Australia
- Department of Psychiatry; Royal Perth Hospital; Australia
| | - Kieran McCaul
- WA Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research; Australia
| | - Graeme J. Hankey
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Australia
- Department of Neurology; Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital; Australia
| | - Bu B. Yeap
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Australia
- Department of Endocrinology; Fremantle and Fiona Stanley Hospitals; Australia
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry; James Cook University; Australia
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery; The Townsville Hospital; Australia
| | - Leon Flicker
- WA Centre for Health and Ageing, Centre for Medical Research; Australia
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology; University of Western Australia; Australia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine; Royal Perth Hospital; Australia
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are nonprotein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides. Many of these lncRNAs have regulatory functions and have recently emerged as major players in governing fundamental biological processes. Here, we review the definition, distribution, identification, databases, analysis, classification, and functions of lncRNAs. We also discuss the potential roles of lncRNAs in the etiological processes of psychiatric disorders and the implications for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Neuman MG, French SW, Zakhari S, Malnick S, Seitz HK, Cohen LB, Salaspuro M, Voinea-Griffin A, Barasch A, Kirpich IA, Thomes PG, Schrum LW, Donohue TM, Kharbanda KK, Cruz M, Opris M. Alcohol, microbiome, life style influence alcohol and non-alcoholic organ damage. Exp Mol Pathol 2017; 102:162-180. [PMID: 28077318 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper is based upon the "8th Charles Lieber's Satellite Symposium" organized by Manuela G. Neuman at the Research Society on Alcoholism Annual Meeting, on June 25, 2016 at New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. The integrative symposium investigated different aspects of alcohol-induced liver disease (ALD) as well as non-alcohol-induced liver disease (NAFLD) and possible repair. We revealed the basic aspects of alcohol metabolism that may be responsible for the development of liver disease as well as the factors that determine the amount, frequency and which type of alcohol misuse leads to liver and gastrointestinal diseases. We aimed to (1) describe the immuno-pathology of ALD, (2) examine the role of genetics in the development of alcoholic hepatitis (ASH) and NAFLD, (3) propose diagnostic markers of ASH and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), (4) examine age and ethnic differences as well as analyze the validity of some models, (5) develop common research tools and biomarkers to study alcohol-induced effects, 6) examine the role of alcohol in oral health and colon and gastrointestinal cancer and (7) focus on factors that aggravate the severity of organ-damage. The present review includes pre-clinical, translational and clinical research that characterizes ALD and NAFLD. Strong clinical and experimental evidence lead to recognition of the key toxic role of alcohol in the pathogenesis of ALD with simple fatty infiltrations and chronic alcoholic hepatitis with hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis. These latter stages may also be associated with a number of cellular and histological changes, including the presence of Mallory's hyaline, megamitochondria, or perivenular and perisinusoidal fibrosis. Genetic polymorphisms of ethanol metabolizing enzymes and cytochrome p450 (CYP) 2E1 activation may change the severity of ASH and NASH. Other risk factors such as its co-morbidities with chronic viral hepatitis in the presence or absence of human deficiency virus were discussed. Dysregulation of metabolism, as a result of ethanol exposure, in the intestine leads to colon carcinogenesis. The hepatotoxic effects of ethanol undermine the contribution of malnutrition to the liver injury. Dietary interventions such as micro and macronutrients, as well as changes to the microbiota have been suggested. The clinical aspects of NASH, as part of the metabolic syndrome in the aging population, have been presented. The symposium addressed mechanisms and biomarkers of alcohol induced damage to different organs, as well as the role of the microbiome in this dialog. The microbiota regulates and acts as a key element in harmonizing immune responses at intestinal mucosal surfaces. It is known that microbiota is an inducer of proinflammatory T helper 17 cells and regulatory T cells in the intestine. The signals at the sites of inflammation mediate recruitment and differentiation in order to remove inflammatory inducers and promote tissue homeostasis restoration. The change in the intestinal microbiota also influences the change in obesity and regresses the liver steatosis. Evidence on the positive role of moderate alcohol consumption on heart and metabolic diseases as well on reducing steatosis have been looked up. Moreover nutrition as a therapeutic intervention in alcoholic liver disease has been discussed. In addition to the original data, we searched the literature (2008-2016) for the latest publication on the described subjects. In order to obtain the updated data we used the usual engines (Pub Med and Google Scholar). The intention of the eighth symposia was to advance the international profile of the biological research on alcoholism. We also wish to further our mission of leading the forum to progress the science and practice of translational research in alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela G Neuman
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| | | | | | - Stephen Malnick
- Department Internal Medicine, Kaplan Medical Centre and Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Helmut K Seitz
- Centre of Alcohol Research, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lawrence B Cohen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mikko Salaspuro
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreea Voinea-Griffin
- Public Health Science Texas A&M University, College of Dentistry, Dallas University, TX, USA
| | - Andrei Barasch
- Joan and Sanford I. Weill Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina A Kirpich
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Paul G Thomes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Laura W Schrum
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Terrence M Donohue
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Kusum K Kharbanda
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Research Service, Veterans Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Marcus Cruz
- In Vitro Drug Safety and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mihai Opris
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Family Medicine Clinic CAR, Bucharest, Romania
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Stickel F, Moreno C, Hampe J, Morgan MY. The genetics of alcohol dependence and alcohol-related liver disease. J Hepatol 2017; 66:195-211. [PMID: 27575312 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The susceptibility to developing alcohol dependence and significant alcohol-related liver injury is determined by a number of constitutional, environmental and genetic factors, although the nature and level of interplay between them remains unclear. The familiality and heritability of alcohol dependence is well-documented but, to date, no strong candidate genes conferring increased risk have emerged, although variants in alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase have been shown to confer protection, predominantly in individuals of East Asian ancestry. Population contamination with confounders such as drug co-dependence and psychiatric and physical co-morbidity may explain the essentially negative genome-wide association studies in this disorder. The familiality and hereditability of alcohol-related cirrhosis is not as well-documented but three strong candidate genes PNPLA3, TM6SF2 and MBOAT7, have been identified. The mechanisms by which variants in these genes confer risk and the nature of the functional interplay between them remains to be determined but, when elucidated, will undoubtedly increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease. The way in which this genetic information could potentially inform patient management has yet to be determined and tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Stickel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Christophe Moreno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatopancreatology and Digestive Oncology, CUB Hôpital Erasme, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium; Laboratory of Experimental Gastroenterology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jochen Hampe
- Medical Department 1, University Hospital Dresden, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Marsha Y Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, Royal Free Campus, University College London, UK
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Zhao R, Chen S, Wang W, Huang J, Wang K, Liu L, Wei S. The impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants on the onset of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol 2017; 226:110-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Phenome-Wide Association Study for Alcohol and Nicotine Risk Alleles in 26394 Women. Neuropsychopharmacology 2016; 41:2688-96. [PMID: 27187070 PMCID: PMC5026736 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2016.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
To identify novel traits associated with alleles known to predispose to alcohol and nicotine use, we conducted a phenome-wide association study (PheWAS) in a large multi-population cohort. We investigated 7688 African-Americans, 1133 Asian-Americans, 14 081 European-Americans, and 3492 Hispanic-Americans from the Women's Health Initiative, analyzing alleles at the CHRNA3-CHRNA5 locus, ADH1B, and ALDH2 with respect to phenotypic traits related to anthropometric characteristics, dietary habits, social status, psychological traits, reproductive history, health conditions, and nicotine/alcohol use. In ADH1B trans-population meta-analysis and population-specific analysis, we replicated prior associations with drinking behaviors and identified multiple novel phenome-wide significant and suggestive findings related to psychological traits, socioeconomic status, vascular/metabolic conditions, and reproductive health. We then applied Bayesian network learning algorithms to provide insight into the causative relationships of the novel ADH1B associations: ADH1B appears to affect phenotypic traits via both alcohol-mediated and alcohol-independent effects. In an independent sample of 2379 subjects, we also replicated the novel ADH1B associations related to socioeconomic status (household gross income and highest grade finished in school). For CHRNA3-CHRNA5 risk alleles, we replicated association with smoking behaviors, lung cancer, and asthma. There were also novel suggestive CHRNA3-CHRNA5 findings with respect to high-cholesterol-medication use and distrustful attitude. In conclusion, the genetics of alcohol and tobacco use potentially has broader implications on physical and mental health than is currently recognized. In particular, ADH1B may be a gene relevant for the human phenome via both alcohol metabolism-related mechanisms and other alcohol metabolism-independent mechanisms.
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Diószegi J, Fiatal S, Tóth R, Moravcsik-Kornyicki Á, Kósa Z, Sándor J, McKee M, Ádány R. Distribution Characteristics and Combined Effect of Polymorphisms Affecting Alcohol Consumption Behaviour in the Hungarian General and Roma Populations. Alcohol Alcohol 2016; 52:104-111. [PMID: 27511636 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agw052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Harmful alcohol drinking habits, even among Roma children and adolescents, are more common than in the majority population. The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic susceptibility of Roma to hazardous alcohol consumption compared to the Hungarian general population. METHODS A total of 1273 samples from the population of segregated Hungarian Roma colonies and 2967 samples from the Hungarian general population were genotyped for 25 polymorphisms. Differences in genotype and allele distributions were investigated. Genetic risk scores (GRS) were generated to estimate the joint effect of individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After unweighted and weighted GRS were calculated the distribution of scores in study populations was compared. RESULTS The allele frequencies differed significantly between the study populations for 17 SNPs (P < 0.002), but the genetic alterations that predispose to or protect against harmful alcohol consumption were not overrepresented in the Roma population. The distribution of unweighted GRS in Roma population was left shifted compared to general population (P = 0.0013). The median weighted genetic risk score was lower among the subjects of Roma population compared to the subjects of general population (0.53 vs 0.65, P = 3.33 × 10-27) even after adjustment for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Differences in alcohol consumption habits between the Hungarian Roma and Hungarian general populations do not appear to be linked to genetic constitution, this behaviour may occur as a result of different cultural values and environmental exposures. Population-based measures to tackle the fundamental drivers of consumption, which take account of cultural acceptability, are needed to reduce harmful alcohol consumption in the Roma population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judit Diószegi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Vulnerability and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Fiatal
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Vulnerability and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary
| | - Réka Tóth
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary
| | - Ágota Moravcsik-Kornyicki
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary.,MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary
| | - Zsigmond Kósa
- Department of Health Visitor Methodology and Public Health, Faculty of Health, University of Debrecen, Sóstói Steet 2-4, Nyíregyháza 4400, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary.,WHO Collaborating Centre on Vulnerability and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary
| | - Martin McKee
- Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Róza Ádány
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary .,WHO Collaborating Centre on Vulnerability and Health, Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Kassai Street 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary.,MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Kassai út 26, Debrecen 4028, Hungary
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Mao N, Nie S, Hong B, Li C, Shen X, Xiong T. Association between alcohol dehydrogenase-2 gene polymorphism and esophageal cancer risk: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2016; 14:191. [PMID: 27450204 PMCID: PMC4957421 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0937-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been shown that gene polymorphisms may play an important role in the carcinogenesis of esophageal cancer. This study is to investigate the role of alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene Arg47His polymorphism in esophageal cancer susceptibility. METHODS Case-control studies published between January 2000 and June 2015 were searched to retrieve relevant articles. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95 % confidence interval (CI) were employed to calculate the strength of association. RESULTS A total of 23 relevant articles were finally selected for the analysis, including 9338 esophageal cancer patients and 14,896 matched controls. Overall, we found that the 47His allele was significant associated with the decreased risk of esophageal cancer when compared with the 47Arg allele in total populations (A vs. G: OR = 0.67, 95 % CI = 0.59-0.76, P < 0.00001). This protective relationship was observed under other genetic models as well (P < 0.00001). Subgroup analysis by ethnicity showed that ADH1B Arg47His variant was associated with the decreased esophageal cancer risk under all the genetic models (P < 0.00001) among Asians, especially in Chinese and Japanese; while in non-Asians, no significant correlation was detected in any genetic models (P > 0.05). Furthermore, Arg/Arg genotype of ADH1B Arg47His variant combined with drinking, smoking and males appeared to show a high risk in patients with esophageal cancer. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that ADH1B gene Arg47His variant was associated with the decreased esophageal cancer risk. Genetic-environmental interaction should be further considered in the future researches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Mao
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Siyao Nie
- />Department of Infectious Disease, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Bin Hong
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Chao Li
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Xueyuan Shen
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
| | - Tao Xiong
- />Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 439 Xuanhua Road, Yongchuan District, Chongqing, 402160 China
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Hart AB, Lynch KG, Farrer L, Gelernter J, Kranzler HR. Which alcohol use disorder criteria contribute to the association of ADH1B with alcohol dependence? Addict Biol 2016; 21:924-38. [PMID: 25828809 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although alcohol dependence (AD) is approximately 50% heritable, little is known about how specific genetic loci affect AD risk. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), we identified highly significant associations between two population-specific functional variants in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B gene (ADH1B) and AD in African-Americans (AAs; rs2066702) and European-Americans (EAs; rs1229984). In the current study, we determined which specific diagnostic criteria contributed to the observed associations of ADH1B SNPs with AD. Our analysis included both the DSM-IV and DSM-5 diagnostic systems. We also investigated the relationship of ADH1B variants to the maximum number of drinks consumed in a 24-hour period (MaxDrinks), a presumed intermediate phenotype of AD. We found that, although all criteria made strong individual contributions to the associations, the largest contributions came from those reflecting neuroadaptation: tolerance (rs2066702) and withdrawal (rs1229984). Overall, evidence for association with DSM-5 criteria was slightly stronger than for DSM-IV criteria. For rs2066702, results were similar for DSM-IV and DSM-5 criteria. However, the most significant DSM-5 criterion associated with rs1229984 was alcohol-related social/interpersonal problems. Both ADH1B variants were associated with MaxDrinks, a measure of innate tolerance, and MaxDrinks mediated the associations between ADH1B and alcohol outcomes. We replicated the findings for rs2066702 and tolerance in an independent sample of AAs. Taken together, these results suggest that variation in ADH1B affects the adaptation to heavy drinking, highlighting population-specific differences in genetic risk for AUD. They also suggest that the revisions reflected in DSM-5 AUD may enhance the utility of that diagnosis for gene finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy B. Hart
- Center for Studies of Addiction; Department of Psychiatry; Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Kevin G. Lynch
- Center for Studies of Addiction; Department of Psychiatry; Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
| | - Lindsay Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics & Genomics, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology; Schools of Medicine and Public Health; Boston University; Boston MA USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry; Division of Human Genetics; Neurobiology, and Genetics; School of Medicine; Yale University; New Haven CT USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System; West Haven CT USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction; Department of Psychiatry; Perelman School of Medicine; University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia PA USA
- VISN4 MIRECC; Philadelphia VAMC; Philadelphia PA USA
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Chartier KG, Dick DM, Almasy L, Chan G, Aliev F, Schuckit MA, Scott DM, Kramer J, Bucholz KK, Bierut LJ, Nurnberger J, Porjesz B, Hesselbrock VM. Interactions Between Alcohol Metabolism Genes and Religious Involvement in Association With Maximum Drinks and Alcohol Dependence Symptoms. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 77:393-404. [PMID: 27172571 PMCID: PMC4869897 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2016.77.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Variations in the genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes are associated with both alcohol consumption and dependence in multiple populations. Additionally, some environmental factors have been recognized as modifiers of these relationships. This study examined the modifying effect of religious involvement on relationships between ADH gene variants and alcohol consumption-related phenotypes. METHOD Subjects were African American, European American, and Hispanic American adults with lifetime exposure to alcohol (N = 7,716; 53% female) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Genetic markers included ADH1Brs1229984, ADH1B-rs2066702, ADH1C-rs698, ADH4-rs1042364, and ADH4-rs1800759. Phenotypes were maximum drinks consumed in a 24-hour period and total number of alcohol dependence symptoms according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition. Religious involvement was defined by self-reported religious services attendance. RESULTS Both religious involvement and ADH1B-rs1229984 were negatively associated with the number of maximum drinks consumed and the number of lifetime alcohol dependence symptoms endorsed. The interactions of religious involvement with ADH1B-rs2066702, ADH1C-rs698, and ADH4-rs1042364 were significantly associated with maximum drinks and alcohol dependence symptoms. Risk variants had weaker associations with maximum drinks and alcohol dependence symptoms as a function of increasing religious involvement. CONCLUSIONS This study provided initial evidence of a modifying effect for religious involvement on relationships between ADH variants and maximum drinks and alcohol dependence symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen G. Chartier
- Virginia Commonwealth University School of Social Work, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Laura Almasy
- South Texas Diabetes and Obesity Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Denise M. Scott
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Howard University, Washington, DC
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Victor M. Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
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Vu KN, Ballantyne CM, Hoogeveen RC, Nambi V, Volcik KA, Boerwinkle E, Morrison AC. Causal Role of Alcohol Consumption in an Improved Lipid Profile: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148765. [PMID: 26849558 PMCID: PMC4744040 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health benefits of low-to-moderate alcohol consumption may operate through an improved lipid profile. A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to examine whether alcohol consumption causally affects lipid levels. METHODS This analysis involved 10,893 European Americans (EA) from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study. Common and rare variants in alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase genes were evaluated for MR assumptions. Five variants, residing in the ADH1B, ADH1C, and ADH4 genes, were selected as genetic instruments and were combined into an unweighted genetic score. Triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and its subfractions (HDL2-c and HDL3-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), small dense LDL-c (sdLDL-c), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) levels were analyzed. RESULTS Alcohol consumption significantly increased HDL2-c and reduced TG, total cholesterol, LDL-c, sdLDL-c, and apoB levels. For each of these lipids a non-linear trend was observed. Compared to the first quartile of alcohol consumption, the third quartile had a 12.3% lower level of TG (p < 0.001), a 7.71 mg/dL lower level of total cholesterol (p = 0.007), a 10.3% higher level of HDL2-c (p = 0.007), a 6.87 mg/dL lower level of LDL-c (p = 0.012), a 7.4% lower level of sdLDL-c (p = 0.037), and a 3.5% lower level of apoB (p = 0.058, poverall = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS This study supports the causal role of regular low-to-moderate alcohol consumption in increasing HDL2-c, reducing TG, total cholesterol, and LDL-c, and provides evidence for the novel finding that low-to-moderate consumption of alcohol reduces apoB and sdLDL-c levels among EA. However, given the nonlinearity of the effect of alcohol consumption, even within the range of low-to-moderate drinking, increased consumption does not always result in a larger benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khanh N. Vu
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Christie M. Ballantyne
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ron C. Hoogeveen
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Vijay Nambi
- Section of Cardiovascular Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Michael E DeBakey Veterans Affairs Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Kelly A. Volcik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Eric Boerwinkle
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- The Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alanna C. Morrison
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mbarek H, Milaneschi Y, Fedko IO, Hottenga JJ, de Moor MHM, Jansen R, Gelernter J, Sherva R, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, Penninx BW, Vink JM. The genetics of alcohol dependence: Twin and SNP-based heritability, and genome-wide association study based on AUDIT scores. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168:739-48. [PMID: 26365420 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is among the most common and costly public health problems contributing to morbidity and mortality throughout the world. In this study, we investigate the genetic basis of AD in a Dutch population using data from the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR) and the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA). The presence of AD was ascertained via the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) applying cut-offs with good specificity and sensitivity in identifying those at risk for AD. Twin-based heritability of AD-AUDIT was estimated using structural equation modeling of data in 7,694 MZ and DZ twin pairs. Variance in AD-AUDIT explained by all SNPs was estimated with genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA). A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed in 7,842 subjects. GWAS SNP effect concordance analysis was performed between our GWAS and a recent AD GWAS using DSM-IV diagnosis. The twin-based heritability of AD-AUDIT was estimated at 60% (55-69%). GCTA showed that common SNPs jointly capture 33% (SE = 0.12, P = 0.002) of this heritability. In the GWAS, the top hits were positioned within four regions (4q31.1, 2p16.1, 6q25.1, 7p14.1) with the strongest association detected for rs55768019 (P = 7.58 × 10(-7) ). This first GWAS of AD using the AUDIT measure found results consistent with previous genetic studies using DSM diagnosis: concordance in heritability estimates and direction of SNPs effect and overlap with top hits from previous GWAS. Thus, the use of appropriate questionnaires may represent cost-effective strategies to phenotype samples in large-scale biobanks or other population-based datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iryna O Fedko
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke-Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen H M de Moor
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rick Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, Connecticut
- VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, Connecticut
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gonneke Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Brenda W Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry and EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center/GGZ inGeest, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline M Vink
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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70
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Bühler KM, Giné E, Echeverry-Alzate V, Calleja-Conde J, de Fonseca FR, López-Moreno JA. Common single nucleotide variants underlying drug addiction: more than a decade of research. Addict Biol 2015; 20:845-71. [PMID: 25603899 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Drug-related phenotypes are common complex and highly heritable traits. In the last few years, candidate gene (CGAS) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified a huge number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with drug use, abuse or dependence, mainly related to alcohol or nicotine. Nevertheless, few of these associations have been replicated in independent studies. The aim of this study was to provide a review of the SNPs that have been most significantly associated with alcohol-, nicotine-, cannabis- and cocaine-related phenotypes in humans between the years of 2000 and 2012. To this end, we selected CGAS, GWAS, family-based association and case-only studies published in peer-reviewed international scientific journals (using the PubMed/MEDLINE and Addiction GWAS Resource databases) in which a significant association was reported. A total of 371 studies fit the search criteria. We then filtered SNPs with at least one replication study and performed meta-analysis of the significance of the associations. SNPs in the alcohol metabolizing genes, in the cholinergic gene cluster CHRNA5-CHRNA3-CHRNB4, and in the DRD2 and ANNK1 genes, are, to date, the most replicated and significant gene variants associated with alcohol- and nicotine-related phenotypes. In the case of cannabis and cocaine, a far fewer number of studies and replications have been reported, indicating either a need for further investigation or that the genetics of cannabis/cocaine addiction are more elusive. This review brings a global state-of-the-art vision of the behavioral genetics of addiction and collaborates on formulation of new hypothesis to guide future work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kora-Mareen Bühler
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Elena Giné
- Department of Cellular Biology; School of Medicine; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Victor Echeverry-Alzate
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
| | - Javier Calleja-Conde
- Department of Psychobiology; School of Psychology; Complutense University of Madrid; Málaga Spain
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71
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Grotewiel M, Bettinger JC. Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans as Discovery Platforms for Genes Involved in Human Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:1292-311. [PMID: 26173477 PMCID: PMC4656040 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the profound clinical significance and strong heritability of alcohol use disorder (AUD), we do not yet have a comprehensive understanding of the naturally occurring genetic variance within the human genome that drives its development. This lack of understanding is likely to be due in part to the large phenotypic and genetic heterogeneities that underlie human AUD. As a complement to genetic studies in humans, many laboratories are using the invertebrate model organisms (iMOs) Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly) and Caenorhabditis elegans (nematode worm) to identify genetic mechanisms that influence the effects of alcohol (ethanol) on behavior. While these extremely powerful models have identified many genes that influence the behavioral responses to alcohol, in most cases it has remained unclear whether results from behavioral-genetic studies in iMOs are directly applicable to understanding the genetic basis of human AUD. METHODS In this review, we critically evaluate the utility of the fly and worm models for identifying genes that influence AUD in humans. RESULTS Based on results published through early 2015, studies in flies and worms have identified 91 and 50 genes, respectively, that influence 1 or more aspects of behavioral responses to alcohol. Collectively, these fly and worm genes correspond to 293 orthologous genes in humans. Intriguingly, 51 of these 293 human genes have been implicated in AUD by at least 1 study in human populations. CONCLUSIONS Our analyses strongly suggest that the Drosophila and C. elegans models have considerable utility for identifying orthologs of genes that influence human AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Grotewiel
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Jill C Bettinger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Richmond, Virginia
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72
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Sulovari A, Kranzler HR, Farrer LA, Gelernter J, Li D. Eye color: A potential indicator of alcohol dependence risk in European Americans. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2015; 168B:347-53. [PMID: 25921801 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In archival samples of European-ancestry subjects, light-eyed individuals have been found to consume more alcohol than dark-eyed individuals. No published population-based studies have directly tested the association between alcohol dependence (AD) and eye color. We hypothesized that light-eyed individuals have a higher prevalence of AD than dark-eyed individuals. A mixture model was used to select a homogeneous sample of 1,263 European-Americans and control for population stratification. After quality control, we conducted an association study using logistic regression, adjusting for confounders (age, sex, and genetic ancestry). We found evidence of association between AD and blue eye color (P = 0.0005 and odds ratio = 1.83 (1.31-2.57)), supporting light eye color as a risk factor relative to brown eye color. Network-based analyses revealed a statistically significant (P = 0.02) number of genetic interactions between eye color genes and AD-associated genes. We found evidence of linkage disequilibrium between an AD-associated GABA receptor gene cluster, GABRB3/GABRG3, and eye color genes, OCA2/HERC2, as well as between AD-associated GRM5 and pigmentation-associated TYR. Our population-phenotype, network, and linkage disequilibrium analyses support association between blue eye color and AD. Although we controlled for stratification we cannot exclude underlying occult stratification as a contributor to this observation. Although replication is needed, our findings suggest that eye pigmentation information may be useful in research on AD. Further characterization of this association may unravel new AD etiological factors. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvis Sulovari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Cell, Molecular, and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Departmentof Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and VAMC 4 MIRECC, Philadelphia VAMC, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Departments of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics & Genomics, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.,Connecticutand Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Dawei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Neuroscience, Behavior, and Health Initiative, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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73
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Oniszczenko W, Rybakowski JK, Dragan WŁ, Grzywacz A, Samochowiec J. The ADH gene cluster SNP rs1789891 and temperamental dimensions in patients with alcohol dependence and affective disorders. Scand J Psychol 2015; 56:420-7. [PMID: 26013422 DOI: 10.1111/sjop.12223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study had three objectives: (1) to assess the relationship between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1789891 in the alcohol dehydrogenase gene cluster and alcohol dependence and affective disorders; (2) to assess the differences in the Regulative Theory of Temperament (RTT) traits between an alcohol dependent group, an affective disorders group, and a healthy group; and (3) to assess the relationship between rs1789891 and temperament traits in a healthy group, taking into account the interaction of genotype and sex. The SNP rs1789891 was genotyped in a group of 194 alcohol dependent men, aged 21 to 71 years; 137 patients with affective disorders, including 51 males and 86 females, aged 19 to 85 years; and a group of 207 healthy individuals, including 89 males and 118 females, aged 18 to 71 years. Temperament traits (briskness, perseveration, sensory sensitivity, emotional reactivity, endurance, and activity) were assessed in all groups using the Formal Characteristics of Behaviour-Temperament Inventory. The comparative analysis of genotypic frequencies showed no significant differences between patients with alcoholism or affective disorders and those in the control group. Alcohol dependent men and the affective disorder group were characterised by higher levels of emotional reactivity (p-value 1.4e-5 and 9.84e-7, respectively) and lower levels of briskness, sensory sensitivity, endurance, and activity (p-value from 3.76e-8 to 0.012) when compared to the healthy group. The rs1789891 polymorphism was associated with briskness (p = 0.02), sensory sensitivity (p = 0.036), and activity (p = 0.049). None of the results were statistically significant after Bonferroni correction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Anna Grzywacz
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jerzy Samochowiec
- Department of Psychiatry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
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74
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Way M, McQuillin A, Saini J, Ruparelia K, Lydall GJ, Guerrini I, Ball D, Smith I, Quadri G, Thomson AD, Kasiakogia-Worlley K, Cherian R, Gunwardena P, Rao H, Kottalgi G, Patel S, Hillman A, Douglas E, Qureshi SY, Reynolds G, Jauhar S, O'Kane A, Dedman A, Sharp S, Kandaswamy R, Dar K, Curtis D, Morgan MY, Gurling HMD. Genetic variants in or near ADH1B and ADH1C affect susceptibility to alcohol dependence in a British and Irish population. Addict Biol 2015; 20:594-604. [PMID: 24735490 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Certain single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes encoding alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes confer a significant protective effect against alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) in East Asian populations. Recently, attention has focused on the role of these SNPs in determining ADS risk in European populations. To further elucidate these associations, SNPs of interest in ADH1B, ADH1C and the ADH1B/1C intergenic region were genotyped in a British and Irish population (ADS cases n = 1076: controls n = 1027) to assess their relative contribution to ADS risk. A highly significant, protective association was observed between the minor allele of rs1229984 in ADH1B and ADS risk [allelic P = 8.4 × 10(-6) , odds ratio (OR) = 0.26, 95 percent confidence interval, 0.14, 0.49]. Significant associations were also observed between ADS risk and the ADH1B/1C intergenic variant, rs1789891 [allelic P = 7.2 × 10(-5) , OR = 1.4 (1.2, 1.6)] and three non-synonymous SNPs rs698, rs1693482 and rs283413 in ADH1C. However, these associations were not completely independent; thus, while the ADH1B rs1229984 minor allele association was independent of those of the intergenic variant rs1789891 and the three ADH1C variants, the three ADH1C variants were not individually independent. In conclusion, the rare ADH1B rs1229984 mutation provides significant protection against ADS in this British and Irish population; other variants in the ADH gene cluster also alter ADS risk, although the strong linkage disequilibrium between SNPs at this location precluded clear identification of the variant(s) driving the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Way
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - Andrew McQuillin
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - Jit Saini
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health; Royal Free Campus; University College London Medical School; UK
| | - Kush Ruparelia
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health; Royal Free Campus; University College London Medical School; UK
| | - Gregory J. Lydall
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - Irene Guerrini
- National Addiction Centre and Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry; UK
- Bexley Substance Misuse Services; South London & Maudsley NHS Trust; UK
| | - David Ball
- National Addiction Centre and Social Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre; Institute of Psychiatry; UK
| | - Iain Smith
- Kershaw Unit; Gartnavel Royal Hospital; UK
| | - Giorgia Quadri
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - Allan D. Thomson
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - Katherine Kasiakogia-Worlley
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
- Kershaw Unit; Gartnavel Royal Hospital; UK
| | - Raquin Cherian
- Gatehouse Alcohol Clinic and Max Glatt Unit; Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust; St Bernard's Hospital; UK
| | - Priyanthi Gunwardena
- Gatehouse Alcohol Clinic and Max Glatt Unit; Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust; St Bernard's Hospital; UK
| | - Harish Rao
- City and Hackney Centre for Mental Health; East London NHS Foundation Trust; UK
| | - Girija Kottalgi
- Gatehouse Alcohol Clinic and Max Glatt Unit; Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust; St Bernard's Hospital; UK
| | - Shamir Patel
- Gatehouse Alcohol Clinic and Max Glatt Unit; Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust; St Bernard's Hospital; UK
| | | | | | | | - Gerry Reynolds
- Homeless Addictions Team; NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde; UK
| | | | | | - Alex Dedman
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - Sally Sharp
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - Radhika Kandaswamy
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
| | - Karim Dar
- Gatehouse Alcohol Clinic and Max Glatt Unit; Central and North West London NHS Foundation Trust; St Bernard's Hospital; UK
| | - David Curtis
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
- City and Hackney Centre for Mental Health; East London NHS Foundation Trust; UK
| | - Marsha Y. Morgan
- UCL Institute for Liver & Digestive Health; Royal Free Campus; University College London Medical School; UK
| | - Hugh M. D. Gurling
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory; Mental Health Sciences Unit; Faculty of Brain Sciences; University College London; UK
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Forero DA, López-León S, Shin HD, Park BL, Kim DJ. Meta-analysis of six genes (BDNF, DRD1, DRD3, DRD4, GRIN2B and MAOA) involved in neuroplasticity and the risk for alcohol dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; 149:259-63. [PMID: 25660313 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol-related problems have a large impact on human health, accounting for around 4% of deaths and 4.5% of disability-adjusted life-years around the world. Genetic factors could explain a significant fraction of the risk for alcohol dependence (AD). Recent meta-analyses have found significant pooled odds ratios (ORs) for variants in the ADH1B, ADH1C, DRD2 and HTR2A genes. METHODS In the present study, we carried out a meta-analysis of common variants in 6 candidate genes involved in neurotransmission and neuroplasticity: BDNF, DRD1, DRD3, DRD4, GRIN2B and MAOA. We carried out a systematic search for published association studies that analyzed the genes of interest. Relevant articles were retrieved and demographic and genetic data were extracted. Pooled ORs were calculated using a random-effects model using the Meta-Analyst program. Dominant, recessive and allelic models were tested and analyses were also stratified by ethnicity. RESULTS Forty two published studies were included in the current meta-analysis: BDNF-rs6265 (nine studies), DRD1-rs4532 (four studies), DRD3-rs6280 (eleven studies), DRD4-VNTR (seven studies), GRIN2B-rs1806201 (three studies) and MAOA-uVNTR (eight studies). We did not find significant pooled ORs for any of the six genes, under different models and stratifying for ethnicity. CONCLUSIONS In terms of the number of candidate genes included, this is one of the most comprehensive meta-analyses for genetics of AD. Pooled ORs did not support consistent associations with any of the six candidate genes tested. Future studies of novel genes of functional relevance and meta-analyses of quantitative endophenotypes could identify further susceptibility molecular factors for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Forero
- Laboratory of NeuroPsychiatric Genetics, Biomedical Sciences Research Group, School of Medicine, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Hyoung Doo Shin
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Lae Park
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, SNP Genetics Inc., Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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76
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Kilcoyne B, Shmulewitz D, Meyers JL, Aharonovich E, Greenstein E, Frisch A, Weizman A, Spivak B, Edenberg HJ, Gelernter J, Hasin DS. Alcohol consumption mediates the relationship between ADH1B and DSM-IV alcohol use disorder and criteria. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 75:635-42. [PMID: 24988262 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A single nucleotide variation in the alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) gene, rs1229984, produces an ADH1B enzyme with faster acetaldehyde production. This protective variant is associated with lower alcohol consumption and lower risk for alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Based on the premise that faster ADH1B kinetics decreases alcohol consumption, we formally tested if the association between ADH1B variant rs1229984 and AUDs occurs through consumption. We also tested whether the association between rs1229984 and each of the 11 Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), AUD criteria occurs through consumption. METHOD A total of 1,130 lifetime drinkers from an Israeli household sample were assessed with a structured interview and genotyped for rs1229984 (protective allele frequency = 0.28). Logistic regression evaluated the association between rs1229984 and each phenotype (AUDs, 11 individual DSM-IV criteria). For phenotypes significantly related to rs1229984, the effect through consumption was tested with logistic regression and bootstrapping. RESULTS ADH1B rs1229984 was significantly associated with AUDs and six criteria, with odds ratios ranging from 1.32 to 1.96. The effect through consumption was significant for these relationships, explaining 23%-74% of the total ADH1B effect. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to show that ADH1B rs1229984 is related to 6 of the 11 DSM-IV AUD criteria and that alcohol consumption explained a significant proportion of these associations and the association of ADH1B with AUDs. Better understanding of the relationship between ADH1B and the DSM-IV AUD criteria, including effects through consumption, will enhance our understanding of the etiologic model through which AUDs can occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bari Kilcoyne
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
| | | | - Amos Frisch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel, Felsenstein Medical Research Center, Petach Tikva, Israel, Research Unit, Geha Mental Health Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Baruch Spivak
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry, Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Deborah S Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, New York
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77
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Kalmijn J, Skidmore J, Clausen P, Shafir A, Saunders G, Bystritsky H, Fromme K. The impact of focusing a program to prevent heavier drinking on a pre-existing phenotype, the low level of response to alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2015; 39:308-16. [PMID: 25656349 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy drinking is common during transitions from high school to college. Optimal programs for diminishing risks for high alcohol consumption often tailor the approach to the specific needs of students. This study describes the results of an Internet-based prevention protocol that tailors the information to the risk associated with a pre-existing phenotype, the Low level of Response (Low LR) to alcohol. METHODS Using stratified random assignment, 454 freshmen with Low and High LR values were assigned to 2 education groups (LR-based where all examples were given the context of the Low LR model of heavy drinking or a State Of The Art (SOTA) Group where the same lessons were taught but without an emphasis on LR) or a no-intervention Control Group. Individuals in the 2 education groups viewed 50-minute online videos once per week for 4 weeks. Changes in drinking patterns were assessed at Baseline, 4 weeks, and 8 weeks using a 2 (LR status) by 3 (education group) by 3 (time points) analysis of variance, with additional tests for ethnicity and sex. RESULTS Low LR participants tended to decrease their usual (p < 0.06) and maximum (p < 0.05) drinks per occasion most prominently when assigned to the LR-based protocol, while those with High LRs improved more in the SOTA Group. The most robust differences were seen when controlling for ethnicity. The effect sizes were small to medium. CONCLUSIONS These results support the advantages of carrying out prevention via the Internet and in tailoring the approach to a pre-existing phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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78
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Juraeva D, Treutlein J, Scholz H, Frank J, Degenhardt F, Cichon S, Ridinger M, Mattheisen M, Witt SH, Lang M, Sommer WH, Hoffmann P, Herms S, Wodarz N, Soyka M, Zill P, Maier W, Jünger E, Gaebel W, Dahmen N, Scherbaum N, Schmäl C, Steffens M, Lucae S, Ising M, Smolka MN, Zimmermann US, Müller-Myhsok B, Nöthen MM, Mann K, Kiefer F, Spanagel R, Brors B, Rietschel M. XRCC5 as a risk gene for alcohol dependence: evidence from a genome-wide gene-set-based analysis and follow-up studies in Drosophila and humans. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:361-71. [PMID: 25035082 PMCID: PMC4443948 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors have as large role as environmental factors in the etiology of alcohol dependence (AD). Although genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enable systematic searches for loci not hitherto implicated in the etiology of AD, many true findings may be missed owing to correction for multiple testing. The aim of the present study was to circumvent this limitation by searching for biological system-level differences, and then following up these findings in humans and animals. Gene-set-based analysis of GWAS data from 1333 cases and 2168 controls identified 19 significantly associated gene-sets, of which 5 could be replicated in an independent sample. Clustered in these gene-sets were novel and previously identified susceptibility genes. The most frequently present gene, ie in 6 out of 19 gene-sets, was X-ray repair complementing defective repair in Chinese hamster cells 5 (XRCC5). Previous human and animal studies have implicated XRCC5 in alcohol sensitivity. This phenotype is inversely correlated with the development of AD, presumably as more alcohol is required to achieve the desired effects. In the present study, the functional role of XRCC5 in AD was further validated in animals and humans. Drosophila mutants with reduced function of Ku80-the homolog of mammalian XRCC5-due to RNAi silencing showed reduced sensitivity to ethanol. In humans with free access to intravenous ethanol self-administration in the laboratory, the maximum achieved blood alcohol concentration was influenced in an allele-dose-dependent manner by genetic variation in XRCC5. In conclusion, our convergent approach identified new candidates and generated independent evidence for the involvement of XRCC5 in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilafruz Juraeva
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Henrike Scholz
- Department of Animal Physiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Sven Cichon
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maren Lang
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Wolfgang H Sommer
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Herms
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Soyka
- Private Hospital Meiringen, Meiringen, Switzerland,Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Jünger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden
| | - Wolfgang Gaebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Addiction Research Group at the Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christine Schmäl
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Steffens
- Division of Research, Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Lucae
- Department of Psychiatric Pharmacogenetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany
| | - Marcus Ising
- Department of Molecular Psychology, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany
| | - Michael N Smolka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden
| | - Ulrich S Zimmermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics, Max-Planck-Institute of Psychiatry, München, Germany,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany,Institute of Translational Medicine Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rainer Spanagel
- Institute of Psychopharmacology, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Benedikt Brors
- Division of Theoretical Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, University Medical Center Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, J5, Mannheim 68159, Germany, Tel: +49 621 1703 6051, Fax: +49 621 1703 6055, E-mail:
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Meyers JL, Shmulewitz D, Wall MM, Keyes KM, Aharonovich E, Spivak B, Weizman A, Frisch A, Edenberg HJ, Gelernter J, Grant BF, Hasin D. Childhood adversity moderates the effect of ADH1B on risk for alcohol-related phenotypes in Jewish Israeli drinkers. Addict Biol 2015; 20:205-14. [PMID: 24164917 DOI: 10.1111/adb.12102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Childhood adversity and genetic variant ADH1B-rs1229984 have each been shown to influence heavy alcohol consumption and disorders. However, little is known about how these factors jointly influence these outcomes. We assessed the main and additive interactive effects of childhood adversity (abuse, neglect and parental divorce) and the ADH1B-rs1229984 on the quantitative phenotypes 'maximum drinks in a day' (Maxdrinks) and DSM-Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) severity, adjusting for demographic variables, in an Israeli sample of adult household residents (n = 1143) evaluated between 2007 and 2009. Childhood adversity and absence of the protective ADH1B-rs1229984 A allele were associated with greater mean Maxdrinks (mean differences: 1.50; 1.13, respectively) and AUD severity (mean ratios: 0.71; 0.27, respectively). In addition, childhood adversity moderated the ADH1B-rs1229984 effect on Maxdrinks (P < 0.01) and AUD severity (P < 0.05), in that there was a stronger effect of ADH1B-rs1229984 genotype on Maxdrinks and AUD severity among those who had experienced childhood adversity compared with those who had not. ADH1B-rs1229984 impacts alcohol metabolism. Therefore, among those at risk for greater consumption, e.g. those who experienced childhood adversity, ADH1B-rs1229984 appears to have a stronger effect on alcohol consumption and consequently on risk for AUD symptom severity. Evidence for the interaction of genetic vulnerability and early life adversity on alcohol-related phenotypes provides further insight into the complex relationships between genetic and environmental risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Epidemiology; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - Dvora Shmulewitz
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
| | - Melanie M. Wall
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
- Department of Biostatistics; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - Katherine M. Keyes
- Department of Epidemiology; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
| | - Efrat Aharonovich
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
| | - Baruch Spivak
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Abraham Weizman
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center; Petach Tikva Israel
- Research Unit; Geha Mental Health Center; Petach Tikva Israel
| | - Amos Frisch
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine; Tel Aviv University; Tel Aviv Israel
- Felsenstein Medical Research Center; Petach Tikva Israel
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical and Molecular Genetics; Indiana University School of Medicine; Indianapolis IN USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Departments of Psychiatry; Genetics and Neurobiology; Yale University School of Medicine; New Haven CT USA
| | - Bridget F. Grant
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Biometry; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Bethesda MD USA
| | - Deborah Hasin
- Department of Epidemiology; Mailman School of Public Health; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- Department of Psychiatry; College of Physicians and Surgeons; Columbia University; New York NY USA
- New York State Psychiatric Institute; New York NY USA
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80
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Lawlor DA, Benn M, Zuccolo L, De Silva NMG, Tybjaerg-Hansen A, Smith GD, Nordestgaard BG. ADH1B and ADH1C genotype, alcohol consumption and biomarkers of liver function: findings from a Mendelian randomization study in 58,313 European origin Danes. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114294. [PMID: 25503943 PMCID: PMC4266606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of alcohol consumption on liver function is difficult to determine because of reporting bias and potential residual confounding. Our aim was to determine this effect using genetic variants to proxy for the unbiased effect of alcohol. Methods We used variants in ADH1B and ADH1C genes as instrumental variables (IV) to estimate the causal effect of long-term alcohol consumption on alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyl-transferase (γ-GT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bilirubin and prothrombin action. Analyses were undertaken on 58,313 Danes (mean age 56). Results In both confounder adjusted multivariable and genetic-IV analyses greater alcohol consumption, amongst those who drank any alcohol, was associated with higher ALT [mean difference per doubling of alcohol consumption: 3.4% (95% CI: 3.1, 3.7) from multivariable analyses and 3.7% (−4.5, 11.9) from genetic-IV analyses] and γ-GT [8.2% (7.8, 8.5) and 6.8% (−2.8, 16.5)]. The point estimates from the two methods were very similar and statistically the results from the two methods were consistent with each other for effects with ALT and γ-GT (both pdiff>0.3). Results from the multivariable analyses suggested a weak inverse association of alcohol with ALP [−1.5% (−1.7, −1.3)], which differed from the strong positive effect found in genetic-IV analyses [11.6% (6.8, 16.4)] (pdiff<0.0001). In both multivariable and genetic-IV analyses associations with bilirubin and protrombin action were weak and close to the null. Conclusions Our results suggest that greater consumption of alcohol is related to poorer liver function as indicated by higher ALT, γ-GT and ALP, but not to clotting or bilirubin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie A. Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Marianne Benn
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - N. Maneka G. De Silva
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Tybjaerg-Hansen
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Børge G. Nordestgaard
- The Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen University Hospital, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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81
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Sartor CE, Wang Z, Xu K, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. The joint effects of ADH1B variants and childhood adversity on alcohol related phenotypes in African-American and European-American women and men. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2907-14. [PMID: 25410943 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ADH1B gene has consistently been implicated in problem drinking, but rarely incorporated into gene by environment investigations of alcohol phenotypes. This study examined the joint effects of variation in ADH1B and childhood adversity-a well-documented risk factor for alcohol problems and moderator of genetic liability to psychiatric outcomes-on maximum drinks consumed in a 24-hour period (maxdrinks) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) symptoms. METHODS Data were drawn from 2,617 African-American (AA) and 1,436 European-American (EA) participants (42% female) in a multisite genetic study of substance dependence. We tested the most significant ADH1B single nucleotide polymorphisms for alcohol dependence from a genomewide association study with this sample, ADH1B-rs1229984 (Arg48His) and ADH1B-rs2066702 (Arg370Cys), in EA and AA subsamples, respectively. RESULTS Ordinal regression analyses conducted separately by sex and population revealed significant main effects for childhood adversity for both alcohol phenotypes in AA women and men and for maxdrinks in EA women. A significant rs1229984 by childhood adversity interaction was observed for AUD symptoms in EA men. Unexposed His-allele carriers reported a mean of 3.6 AUD criteria, but adversity-exposed His-allele carriers endorsed approximately the same number (6.3) as those without the protective allele (6.3 and 7.0 for adversity-exposed and -unexposed groups, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that under conditions of childhood adversity, the His allele does not exert its protective effects in EA men (OR = 0.57, CI: 0.32 to 1.01; p = 0.056). Findings highlight the robust risk effect conferred by childhood adversity and the importance of considering population and sex in genetically informative investigations of its association with alcohol outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry , Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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82
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Zuo L, Lu L, Tan Y, Pan X, Cai Y, Wang X, Hong J, Zhong C, Wang F, Zhang XY, Vanderlinden LA, Tabakoff B, Luo X. Genome-wide association discoveries of alcohol dependence. Am J Addict 2014; 23:526-39. [PMID: 25278008 PMCID: PMC4187224 DOI: 10.1111/j.1521-0391.2014.12147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the genome-wide significant and/or replicable risk variants for alcohol dependence and explore their potential biological functions. METHODS We searched in PubMed for all genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of alcohol dependence. The following three types of the results were extracted: genome-wide significant associations in an individual sample, the combined samples, or the meta-analysis (p < 5 × 10(-8) ); top-ranked associations in an individual sample (p < 10(-5) ) that were nominally replicated in other samples (p < .05); and nominally replicable associations across at least three independent GWAS samples (p < .05). These results were meta-analyzed. cis-eQTLs in human, RNA expression in rat and mouse brains and bioinformatics properties of all of these risk variants were analyzed. RESULTS The variants located within the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) cluster were significantly associated with alcohol dependence at the genome-wide level (p < 5 × 10(-8) ) in at least one sample. Some associations with the ADH cluster were replicable across six independent GWAS samples. The variants located within or near SERINC2, KIAA0040, MREG-PECR or PKNOX2 were significantly associated with alcohol dependence at the genome-wide level (p < 5 × 10(-8) ) in meta-analysis or combined samples, and these associations were replicable across at least one sample. The associations with the variants within NRD1, GPD1L-CMTM8 or MAP3K9-PCNX were suggestive (5 × 10(-8) < p < 10(-5) ) in some samples, and nominally replicable in other samples. The associations with the variants at HTR7 and OPA3 were nominally replicable across at least three independent GWAS samples (10(-5) < p < .05). Some risk variants at the ADH cluster, SERINC2, KIAA0040, NRD1, and HTR7 had potential biological functions. CONCLUSION The most robust risk locus was the ADH cluster. SERINC2, KIAA0040, NRD1, and HTR7 were also likely to play important roles in alcohol dependence. PKNOX2, MREG, PECR, GPD1L, CMTM8, MAP3K9, PCNX, and OPA3 might play less important roles in risk for alcohol dependence based on the function analysis. This conclusion will significantly contribute to the post-GWAS follow-up studies on alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjun Zuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lingeng Lu
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yunlong Tan
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Pan
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiqiang Cai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiaoping Wang
- Department of Neurology, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiang Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, First People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlong Zhong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Xiang-yang Zhang
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Boris Tabakoff
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xingguang Luo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Biological Psychiatry Research Center, Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
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83
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Olfson E, Edenberg HJ, Nurnberger J, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Almasy LA, Chorlian D, Dick DM, Hesselbrock VM, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Porjesz B, Schuckit MA, Tischfield JA, Wang JC, Wetherill L, Foroud TM, Rice J, Goate A, Bierut LJ. An ADH1B variant and peer drinking in progression to adolescent drinking milestones: evidence of a gene-by-environment interaction. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:2541-9. [PMID: 25257461 PMCID: PMC4256939 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescent drinking is an important public health concern, one that is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. The functional variant rs1229984 in alcohol dehydrogenase 1B (ADH1B) has been associated at a genome-wide level with alcohol use disorders in diverse adult populations. However, few data are available regarding whether this variant influences early drinking behaviors and whether social context moderates this effect. This study examines the interplay between rs1229984 and peer drinking in the development of adolescent drinking milestones. METHODS One thousand five hundred and fifty European and African American individuals who had a full drink of alcohol before age 18 were selected from a longitudinal study of youth as part of the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Cox proportional hazards regression, with G × E product terms in the final models, was used to study 2 primary outcomes during adolescence: age of first intoxication and age of first DSM-5 alcohol use disorder symptom. RESULTS The minor A allele of rs1229984 was associated with a protective effect for first intoxication (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.76) and first DSM-5 symptom (HR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.77) in the final models. Reporting that most or all best friends drink was associated with a hazardous effect for first intoxication (HR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.62 to 2.01) and first DSM-5 symptom (HR = 2.17, 95% 1.88 to 2.50) in the final models. Furthermore, there was a significant G × E interaction for first intoxication (p = 0.002) and first DSM-5 symptom (p = 0.01). Among individuals reporting none or few best friends drinking, the ADH1B variant had a protective effect for adolescent drinking milestones, but for those reporting most or all best friends drinking, this effect was greatly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the risk factor of best friends drinking attenuates the protective effect of a well-established ADH1B variant for 2 adolescent drinking behaviors. These findings illustrate the interplay between genetic and environmental factors in the development of drinking milestones during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Olfson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Zhang J, Jin T, Yunus Z, Li X, Geng T, Wang H, Cui Y, Chen C. Genetic polymorphisms of VIP variants in the Tajik ethnic group of northwest China. BMC Genet 2014; 15:102. [PMID: 25266489 PMCID: PMC4189671 DOI: 10.1186/s12863-014-0102-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Individual response to medications varies significantly among different populations, and great progress in understanding the molecular basis of drug action has been made in the past 50 years. The field of pharmacogenomics seeks to elucidate inherited differences in drug disposition and effects. While we know that different populations and ethnic groups are genetically heterogeneous, we have not found any pharmacogenomics information regarding minority groups, such as the Tajik ethnic group in northwest China. Results We genotyped 85 Very Important Pharmacogene (VIP) variants selected from PharmGKB in 100 unrelated, healthy Tajiks from the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and compared our data with HapMap data from four major populations around the world: Han Chinese (CHB), Japanese in Tokyo (JPT), Utah Residents with Northern and Western European Ancestry (CEU), and Yorubia in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI). We found that Tajiks differed from CHB, JPT and YRI in 30, 32, and 32 of the selected VIP genotypes respectively (p < 0.005), while differences between Tajiks and CEU were found in only 6 of the genotypes (p < 0.005). Haplotype analysis also demonstrated differences between the Tajiks and the other four populations. Conclusion Our results contribute to the pharmacogenomics database of the Tajik ethnic group and provide a theoretical basis for safer drug administration that may be useful for diagnosing and treating disease in this population. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12863-014-0102-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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85
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Danko GP, Bucholz KK, Agrawal A, Dick DM, Nurnberger JI, Kramer J, Hesselbrock M, Saunders G, Hesselbrock V. Predictors of subgroups based on maximum drinks per occasion over six years for 833 adolescents and young adults in COGA. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2014; 75:24-34. [PMID: 24411794 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A person's pattern of heavier drinking often changes over time, especially during the early drinking years, and reflects complex relationships among a wide range of characteristics. Optimal understanding of the predictors of drinking during times of change might come from studies of trajectories of alcohol intake rather than cross-sectional evaluations. METHOD The patterns of maximum drinks per occasion were evaluated every 2 years between the average ages of 18 and 24 years for 833 subjects from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Latent class growth analysis identified latent classes for the trajectories of maximum drinks, and then logistic regression analyses highlighted variables that best predicted class membership. RESULTS Four latent classes were found, including Class 1 (69%), with about 5 maximum drinks per occasion across time; Class 2 (15%), with about 9 drinks at baseline that increased to 18 across time; Class 3 (10%), who began with a maximum of 18 drinks per occasion but decreased to 9 over time; and Class 4 (6%), with a maximum of about 22 drinks across time. The most consistent predictors of higher drinking classes were female sex, a low baseline level of response to alcohol, externalizing characteristics, prior alcohol and tobacco use, and heavier drinking peers. CONCLUSIONS Four trajectory classes were observed and were best predicted by a combination of items that reflected demography, substance use, level of response and externalizing phenotypes, and baseline environment and attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tom L Smith
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - George P Danko
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Silverwood RJ, Holmes MV, Dale CE, Lawlor DA, Whittaker JC, Smith GD, Leon DA, Palmer T, Keating BJ, Zuccolo L, Casas JP, Dudbridge F. Testing for non-linear causal effects using a binary genotype in a Mendelian randomization study: application to alcohol and cardiovascular traits. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 43:1781-90. [PMID: 25192829 PMCID: PMC4276061 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mendelian randomization studies have so far restricted attention to linear associations relating the genetic instrument to the exposure, and the exposure to the outcome. In some cases, however, observational data suggest a non-linear association between exposure and outcome. For example, alcohol consumption is consistently reported as having a U-shaped association with cardiovascular events. In principle, Mendelian randomization could address concerns that the apparent protective effect of light-to-moderate drinking might reflect ‘sick-quitters’ and confounding. Methods: The Alcohol-ADH1B Consortium was established to study the causal effects of alcohol consumption on cardiovascular events and biomarkers, using the single nucleotide polymorphism rs1229984 in ADH1B as a genetic instrument. To assess non-linear causal effects in this study, we propose a novel method based on estimating local average treatment effects for discrete levels of the exposure range, then testing for a linear trend in those effects. Our method requires an assumption that the instrument has the same effect on exposure in all individuals. We conduct simulations examining the robustness of the method to violations of this assumption, and apply the method to the Alcohol-ADH1B Consortium data. Results: Our method gave a conservative test for non-linearity under realistic violations of the key assumption. We found evidence for a non-linear causal effect of alcohol intake on several cardiovascular traits. Conclusions: We believe our method is useful for inferring departure from linearity when only a binary instrument is available. We estimated non-linear causal effects of alcohol intake which could not have been estimated through standard instrumental variable approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Silverwood
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics
| | - Michael V Holmes
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Caroline E Dale
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Debbie A Lawlor
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Whittaker
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - George Davey Smith
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - David A Leon
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom Palmer
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan J Keating
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Luisa Zuccolo
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juan P Casas
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics, Abramson Research Center, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA and Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, Centre for Statistical Methodology and Bloomsbury Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Statistics, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK, MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK, Genetics, R & D, GlaxoSmithKline, Stevenage, UK, Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Warwick, Coventry, UK, Center for Applied Genomics
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87
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Almeida OP, Hankey GJ, Yeap BB, Golledge J, Flicker L. The triangular association of ADH1B genetic polymorphism, alcohol consumption and the risk of depression in older men. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:995-1000. [PMID: 24018899 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use, particularly alcohol abuse and dependence, are associated with increased risk of depression. Current diagnostic criteria suggest that the relationship is causal, but the evidence has only been derived from observational studies that are subject to confounding and bias. Given the logistic and ethical constraints that would be associated with a trial of alcohol use to prevent depression, we aimed to complete a Mendelian randomization study to determine if a genetic polymorphism associated with alcohol abuse and dependence (ADH1B rs1229984 G-->A) contributed to modulate the risk of depression in a community-derived cohort of older men. This retrospective analysis of a cohort of 3873 community-dwelling men aged 65-83 years living in the metropolitan region of Perth, Western Australia, investigated the triangular association between the rs1229984 G-->A polymorphism and alcohol use and, after 3.2-8.2 years, the presence of current depression or history of depression. The mean number of standard drinks consumed per week (n; standard deviation; range) according to genotype was AA 1.8 (17; 2.7; 0-7), GA 5.9 (262; 7.5; 0-35), GG 8.5 (3594; 10.9; 0-140) (GG>AA, GG>GA; P<0.001). Consumption of 1 or 2 drinks per day decreased the odds of depression (n=610) by 30 and 40%, whereas consumption of more than six drinks daily more than doubled the odds of depression (odds ratio: 2.12, 95% confidence interval: 1.02, 4.40). The ADH1B rs1229984 G-->A polymorphism was not associated with current or past depression (P=0.857). In addition, the presence of the A allele did not interact with the alcohol use to modulate the risk of depression (P=0.725). These results suggest that alcohol consumption does not cause or prevent depression in older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- O P Almeida
- 1] School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences (M573), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia [2] WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia [3] Department of Psychiatry, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - G J Hankey
- 1] School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia [2] Department of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - B B Yeap
- 1] School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia [2] Department of Endocrinology, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, WA, Australia
| | - J Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, School of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - L Flicker
- 1] WA Centre for Health & Ageing, Centre for Medical Research, Perth, WA, Australia [2] School of Medicine and Pharmacology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia [3] Department of Geriatric Medicine, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
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88
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Wehby GL, Prater KN, Ryckman KK, Kummet C, Murray JC. Candidate gene study for smoking, alcohol use, and body weight in a sample of pregnant women. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2014; 28:804-11. [PMID: 25014319 DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2014.932768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prenatal smoking, alcohol use, and obesity have significant effects on maternal and fetal health. However, not much is known about the genetic contributions to these risk factors among pregnant women. We evaluate the associations between several candidate genes and smoking, alcohol use, pre-pregnancy body weight, and weight gain during pregnancy in a sample of pregnant women. METHODS The study analyzes a sample of about 1900 mothers from the Danish National Birth Cohort. We test the association between 1450 SNPs in/near 117 genes/loci and various risk factor measures. RESULTS Only a few SNPs in FTO were significantly associated with pre-pregnancy obesity and body mass index (4 and 2 SNPs, respectively) after SNP-level correction for multiple testing. A few loci were significantly related to various smoking measures (any smoking, quitting and cigarette number) with gene/locus-level correction for multiple testing, but not after SNP-level correction. Similarly, some loci were significant for the alcohol measures at the gene/locus-level but not at SNP-level correction. CONCLUSION The study suggests that the majority of the evaluated candidate genes may not play an important role in influencing these risk factors among pregnant women, highlighting the importance of other genetic factors and non-genetic contributors to their etiology.
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89
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Treutlein J, Frank J, Kiefer F, Rietschel M. ADH1B Arg48His allele frequency map: filling in the gap for Central Europe. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 75:e15. [PMID: 24011820 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2013.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Germany.
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90
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Kang G, Bae KY, Kim SW, Kim J, Shin HY, Kim JM, Shin IS, Yoon JS, Kim JK. Effect of the Allelic Variant of Alcohol DehydrogenaseADH1B*2on Ethanol Metabolism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1502-9. [DOI: 10.1111/acer.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaeun Kang
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
| | - Kyung-Yeol Bae
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Clinical Trial Center ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
| | - Hee-Young Shin
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
- Department of Biomedical Science ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
- Department of Psychiatry ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
| | - Jong-Keun Kim
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Hospital; Gwangju Korea
- Department of Pharmacology ; Chonnam National University Medical School; Gwangju Korea
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91
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Yang C, Li C, Kranzler HR, Farrer LA, Zhao H, Gelernter J. Exploring the genetic architecture of alcohol dependence in African-Americans via analysis of a genomewide set of common variants. Hum Genet 2014; 133:617-24. [PMID: 24297757 PMCID: PMC3988209 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1399-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is a complex psychiatric disorder that affects about 12.5 % of US adults. Genetic factors play a major role in the development of AD. We conducted a genomewide association study in 2,875 African-Americans including 1,719 AD cases and 1,156 controls. We used the Illumina Omni 1-Quad microarray, which yielded 769,498 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) after quality control. To explore the genetic architecture of AD, we estimated the variance that could be explained by all SNPs and subsets of SNPs using two different approaches to genome partitioning. We found that 23.9 % (s.e. 9.3 %) of the phenotypic variance could be explained by using all of the common SNPs on the array. We also found a significant linear relationship between the proportion of the top SNPs used and the phenotypic variance explained by them. Based on genome partitioning of common variants, we also observed a significant linear relationship between the variance explained by a chromosome and its length. Chromosome 4, known to contain several AD risk genes, accounted for excess risk in proportion to its length. By functional partitioning, we found that the genetic variants within 20 kb of genes explained 17.5 % (s.e. 11.4 %) of the phenotypic variance. Our findings are consistent with the generally accepted view that AD is a highly polygenic trait, i.e., the genetic risk in AD appears to be conferred by multiple variants, each of which may have a small or moderate effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Yang
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA,
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92
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Li D, Sulovari A, Cheng C, Zhao H, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. Association of gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor α2 gene (GABRA2) with alcohol use disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology 2014; 39:907-18. [PMID: 24136292 PMCID: PMC3924525 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2013.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 10/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain. GABA receptor are involved in a number of complex disorders, including substance abuse. No variants of the commonly studied GABA receptor genes that have been associated with substance dependence have been determined to be functional or pathogenic. To reconcile the conflicting associations with substance dependence traits, we performed a meta-analysis of variants in the GABAA receptor genes (GABRB2, GABRA6, GABRA1, and GABRG2 on chromosome 5q and GABRA2 on chromosome 4p12) using genotype data from 4739 cases of alcohol, opioid, or methamphetamine dependence and 4924 controls. Then, we combined the data from candidate gene association studies in the literature with two alcohol dependence (AD) samples, including 1691 cases and 1712 controls from the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment (SAGE), and 2644 cases and 494 controls from our own study. Using a Bonferroni-corrected threshold of 0.007, we found strong associations between GABRA2 and AD (P=9 × 10(-6) and odds ratio (OR) 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.27 (1.15, 1.4) for rs567926, P=4 × 10(-5) and OR=1.21 (1.1, 1.32) for rs279858), and between GABRG2 and both dependence on alcohol and dependence on heroin (P=0.0005 and OR=1.22 (1.09, 1.37) for rs211014). Significant association was also observed between GABRA6 rs3219151 and AD. The GABRA2 rs279858 association was observed in the SAGE data sets with a combined P of 9 × 10(-6) (OR=1.17 (1.09, 1.26)). When all of these data sets, including our samples, were meta-analyzed, associations of both GABRA2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms remained (for rs567926, P=7 × 10(-5) (OR=1.18 (1.09, 1.29)) in all the studies, and P=8 × 10(-6) (OR=1.25 (1.13, 1.38)) in subjects of European ancestry and for rs279858, P=5 × 10(-6) (OR=1.18 (1.1, 1.26)) in subjects of European ancestry. Findings from this extensive meta-analysis of five GABAA receptor genes and substance abuse support their involvement (with the best evidence for GABRA2) in the pathogenesis of AD. Further replications with larger samples are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Department of Computer Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
- Neuroscience, Behavior, and Health Initiative, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Arvis Sulovari
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Chao Cheng
- Department of Genetics, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine of the University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
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Quillen EE, Chen XD, Almasy L, Yang F, He H, Li X, Wang XY, Liu TQ, Hao W, Deng HW, Kranzler HR, Gelernter J. ALDH2 is associated to alcohol dependence and is the major genetic determinant of "daily maximum drinks" in a GWAS study of an isolated rural Chinese sample. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2014; 165B:103-10. [PMID: 24277619 PMCID: PMC4149216 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol dependence (AD) is a moderately heritable phenotype with a small number of known risk genes mapped via linkage or candidate gene studies. We considered 313 males from among 595 members of documented, extended pedigrees in which AD segregates collected in Northern Hunan Province, China. A joint analysis of both males and females could not be performed as the difference in alcohol consumption variance was too large. Genome-wide association analyses were performed for approximately 300,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Significant associations found in the ALDH2 region for AD (minimum P = 4.73 × 10(-8)) and two AD-related phenotypes: flushing response (minimum P = 4.75 × 10(-26)) and maximum drinks in a 24-hr period (minimum P = 1.54 × 10(-16)). Association of previous candidate SNP, rs10774610 in CCDC63, was confirmed but resulted from linkage disequilibrium with ALDH2. ALDH2 is strongly associated with flushing response, AD, and maximum drinks in males, with nonsynonymous SNP rs671 explaining 29.2%, 7.9%, and 22.9% of phenotypic variation, respectively, in this sample. When rs671 was considered as a candidate SNP in females, it explained 23.6% of the variation in flushing response, but alcohol consumption rates were too low among females-despite familial enrichment for AD-for an adequate test of association for either AD or maximum drinks. These results support a mediating effect of aldehyde dehydrogenase deficiency on alcohol consumption in males and a secondary, culturally mediated limitation on alcohol consumption by females that should be appropriately modeled in future studies of alcohol consumption in populations where this may be a factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen E Quillen
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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94
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Cao J, Liu X, Han S, Zhang CK, Liu Z, Li D. Association of the HTR2A gene with alcohol and heroin abuse. Hum Genet 2014; 133:357-65. [PMID: 24178752 PMCID: PMC4085799 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-013-1388-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Positive genetic associations of rs6313 (102T/C at exon 1) and rs6311 (-1438A/G) on the 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) 2A receptor gene (HTR2A or 5-HT2A) were reported for alcohol and drug abuse; however, other association studies failed to produce consistent results supporting the susceptibility of the two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). To clarify the associations of the HTR2A gene with substance use disorders, we performed a meta-analysis based on the genotypes from the available candidate gene association studies of the two SNPs with alcohol and drug abuse from multiple populations. Evidence of association was found for HTR2A rs6313 in all the combined studies (e.g., allelic P = 0.0048 and OR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.77-0.95) and also in the combined studies of alcohol dependence (abuse) (e.g., allelic P = 0.0001 and OR 0.71, 95 % CI 0.59-0.85). The same association trend was also observed in the Study of Addiction: Genetics and Environment datasets. The meta-analysis supports a contribution of the HTR2A gene to the susceptibility to substance use disorders, particularly alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Cao
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
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95
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Abstract
Addictions are prevalent psychiatric disorders that confer remarkable personal and social burden. Despite substantial evidence for their moderate, yet robust, heritability (approx. 50%), specific genetic mechanisms underlying their development and maintenance remain unclear. The goal of this selective review is to highlight progress in unveiling the genetic underpinnings of addiction. First, we revisit the basis for heritable variation in addiction before reviewing the most replicable candidate gene findings and emerging signals from genomewide association studies for alcohol, nicotine and cannabis addictions. Second, we survey the modest but growing field of neurogenetics examining how genetic variation influences corticostriatal structure, function, and connectivity to identify neural mechanisms that may underlie associations between genetic variation and addiction. Third, we outline how extant genomic findings are being used to develop and refine pharmacotherapies. Finally, as sample sizes for genetically informed studies of addiction approach critical mass, we posit five exciting possibilities that may propel further discovery (improved phenotyping, rare variant discovery, gene-environment interplay, epigenetics, and novel neuroimaging designs).
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96
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen B. Manuck
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260;
| | - Jeanne M. McCaffery
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, The Miriam Hospital, and Warren Alpert School of Medicine at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02903;
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97
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Schuckit MA. A brief history of research on the genetics of alcohol and other drug use disorders. J Stud Alcohol Drugs Suppl 2014; 75:59-67. [PMID: 24565312 PMCID: PMC4453498 DOI: 10.15288/jsads.2014.s17.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reviews developments in research on genetic influences on alcohol and other drug use and disorders over the past 7 decades. METHOD The author began with a review of the flow and content of articles published in the three iterations of the journal since 1940 and then used a PubMed search of genetics of alcohol and other drug-related topics to gain a broad overview of developments in this field. RESULTS The literature demonstrates the rapid metamorphosis of genetic research from the ideas of Mendel to an understanding that the substance use disorders are complex, genetically influenced conditions where genes explain up to 60% of the picture. Most genes operate through additional intermediate characteristics, such as impulsivity and a low sensitivity to alcohol, some of which are substance specific and others related to substances in general. Using linkage, association, genome-wide association, and other modern methods, investigators have identified a diverse range of genetic variations that affect substance-related phenomena. CONCLUSIONS Genetic studies regarding alcohol and other drug use and problems have grown dramatically in the past 75 years. We currently have a much more sophisticated understanding of these influences, and the rapid development of new methods has the promise of continuing what has been a solid contribution of important findings in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California,
San Diego, La Jolla, California
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98
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Gelernter J, Kranzler HR, Sherva R, Almasy L, Koesterer R, Smith AH, Anton R, Preuss UW, Ridinger M, Rujescu D, Wodarz N, Zill P, Zhao H, Farrer LA. Genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence:significant findings in African- and European-Americans including novel risk loci. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:41-9. [PMID: 24166409 PMCID: PMC4165335 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We report a GWAS of alcohol dependence (AD) in European-American (EA) and African-American (AA) populations, with replication in independent samples of EAs, AAs and Germans. Our sample for discovery and replication was 16 087 subjects, the largest sample for AD GWAS to date. Numerous genome-wide significant (GWS) associations were identified, many novel. Most associations were population specific, but in several cases were GWS in EAs and AAs for different SNPs at the same locus,showing biological convergence across populations. We confirmed well-known risk loci mapped to alcohol-metabolizing enzyme genes, notably ADH1B (EAs: Arg48His, P=1.17 × 10(-31); AAs: Arg369Cys, P=6.33 × 10(-17)) and ADH1C in AAs (Thr151Thr, P=4.94 × 10(-10)), and identified novel risk loci mapping to the ADH gene cluster on chromosome 4 and extending centromerically beyond it to include GWS associations at LOC100507053 in AAs (P=2.63 × 10(-11)), PDLIM5 in EAs (P=2.01 × 10(-8)), and METAP in AAs (P=3.35 × 10(-8)). We also identified a novel GWS association (1.17 × 10(-10)) mapped to chromosome 2 at rs1437396, between MTIF2 and CCDC88A, across all of the EA and AA cohorts, with supportive gene expression evidence, and population-specific GWS for markers on chromosomes 5, 9 and 19. Several of the novel associations implicate direct involvement of, or interaction with, genes previously identified as schizophrenia risk loci. Confirmation of known AD risk loci supports the overall validity of the study; the novel loci are worthy of genetic and biological follow-up. The findings support a convergence of risk genes (but not necessarily risk alleles) between populations, and, to a lesser extent, between psychiatric traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
- Departments of Genetics and Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - HR Kranzler
- Department of Psychiatry, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Almasy
- Department of Genetics, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - R Koesterer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - AH Smith
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine; and VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - R Anton
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - UW Preuss
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | - M Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - D Rujescu
- Departments of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Martin-Luther-University, Halle, Germany
| | - N Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - P Zill
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - H Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - LA Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Departments of Neurology, Ophthalmology, Genetics & Genomics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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99
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Wang S, Yang Z, Ma JZ, Payne TJ, Li MD. Introduction to deep sequencing and its application to drug addiction research with a focus on rare variants. Mol Neurobiol 2013; 49:601-14. [PMID: 23990377 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-013-8541-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Through linkage analysis, candidate gene approach, and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), many genetic susceptibility factors for substance dependence have been discovered such as the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (ALDH2) for alcohol dependence (AD) and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit variants on chromosomes 8 and 15 for nicotine dependence (ND). However, these confirmed genetic factors contribute only a small portion of the heritability responsible for each addiction. Among many potential factors, rare variants in those identified and unidentified susceptibility genes are supposed to contribute greatly to the missing heritability. Several studies focusing on rare variants have been conducted by taking advantage of next-generation sequencing technologies, which revealed that some rare variants of nAChR subunits are associated with ND in both genetic and functional studies. However, these studies investigated variants for only a small number of genes and need to be expanded to broad regions/genes in a larger population. This review presents an update on recently developed methods for rare-variant identification and association analysis and on studies focused on rare-variant discovery and function related to addictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaolin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry & Neurobiology Science, University of Virginia, 1670 Discovery Drive, Suite 110, Charlottesville, VA, 22911, USA
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100
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Yunus Z, Liu L, Wang H, Zhang L, Li X, Geng T, Kang L, Jin T, Chen C. Genetic polymorphisms of pharmacogenomic VIP variants in the Kyrgyz population from northwest China. Gene 2013; 529:88-93. [PMID: 23954225 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.07.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacogenomic variant information is well known for major human populations; however, this information is less commonly studied in minorities. In the present study, we genotyped 85 very important pharmacogenetic (VIP) variants (selected from the PharmGKB database) in the Kyrgyz population and compared our data with other four major human populations including Han Chinese in Beijing, China (CHB), the Japanese in Tokyo, Japan (JPT), a northern and western Europe population (CEU), and the Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria (YRI). There were 13, 12 and 16 of the selected VIP variant genotype frequencies in the Kyrgyz which differed from those of the CHB, JPT and CEU, respectively (p<0.005). In the YRI, there were 32 different variants, compared to the Kyrgyz (p<0.005). Genotype frequencies of ADH1B, AHR, CYP3A5, PTGS2, VDR, and VKORC1 in the Kyrgyz differed widely from those in the four populations. Haplotype analyses also showed differences among the Kyrgyz and the other four populations. Our results complement the information provided by the database of pharmacogenomics on Kyrgyz. We provide a theoretical basis for safer drug administration and individualized treatment plans for the Kyrgyz. We also provide a template for the study of pharmacogenomics in various ethnic minority groups in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zulfiya Yunus
- School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China; National Engineering Research Center for Miniaturized Detection Systems, Xi'an 710069, China; College of Life Sciences and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
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