51
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Sharma BR, Kanneganti TD. NLRP3 inflammasome in cancer and metabolic diseases. Nat Immunol 2021; 22:550-559. [PMID: 33707781 PMCID: PMC8132572 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-021-00886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 523] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric cytosolic protein complex that assembles in response to cellular perturbations. This assembly leads to the activation of caspase-1, which promotes maturation and release of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18, as well as inflammatory cell death (pyroptosis). The inflammatory cytokines contribute to the development of systemic low-grade inflammation, and aberrant NLRP3 activation can drive a chronic inflammatory state in the body to modulate the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases. Therefore, targeting NLRP3 or other signaling molecules downstream, such as caspase-1, IL-1β or IL-18, has the potential for great therapeutic benefit. However, NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated inflammatory cytokines play dual roles in mediating human disease. While they are detrimental in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and metabolic diseases, they have a beneficial role in numerous infectious diseases and some cancers. Therefore, fine tuning of NLRP3 inflammasome activity is essential for maintaining proper cellular homeostasis and health. In this Review, we will cover the mechanisms of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and its divergent roles in the pathogenesis of inflammation-associated diseases such as cancer, atherosclerosis, diabetes and obesity, highlighting the therapeutic potential of targeting this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhesh Raj Sharma
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti
- Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA,Correspondence to: Thirumala-Devi Kanneganti, Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, MS #351, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis TN 38105-3678, Tel: (901) 595-3634; Fax. (901) 595-5766.,
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52
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NLRP3 as a sensor of metabolism gone awry. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2021; 68:300-309. [PMID: 33862489 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is an important player in innate immunity and pathogenic inflammation. Numerous studies have implicated it in sensing endogenous danger signals, yet the precise mechanisms remain unknown. Here, we review the current knowledge on the organismal and cellular metabolic triggers engaging NLRP3, and the mechanisms involved in integrating the diverse signals.
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Abstract
Cells respond to stress by activating a variety of defense signaling pathways, including cell survival and cell death pathways. Although cell survival signaling helps the cell to recover from acute insults, cell death or senescence pathways induced by chronic insults can lead to unresolved pathologies. Arterial hypertension results from chronic physiological maladaptation against various stressors represented by abnormal circulating or local neurohormonal factors, mechanical stress, intracellular accumulation of toxic molecules, and dysfunctional organelles. Hypertension and aging share common mechanisms that mediate or prolong chronic cell stress, such as endoplasmic reticulum stress and accumulation of protein aggregates, oxidative stress, metabolic mitochondrial stress, DNA damage, stress-induced senescence, and proinflammatory processes. This review discusses common adaptive signaling mechanisms against these stresses including unfolded protein responses, antioxidant response element signaling, autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fission/fusion, STING (signaling effector stimulator of interferon genes)-mediated responses, and activation of pattern recognition receptors. The main molecular mechanisms by which the vasculature copes with hypertensive and aging stressors are presented and recent advancements in stress-adaptive signaling mechanisms as well as potential therapeutic targets are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Cicalese
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Josiane Fernandes da Silva
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Priviero
- These authors contributed equally and are considered co-first authors
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - R. Clinton Webb
- Cardiovascular Translational Research Center and Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - Satoru Eguchi
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Rita C. Tostes
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, SP, Brazil
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54
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McGrath EP, Centonze FG, Chevet E, Avril T, Lafont E. Death sentence: The tale of a fallen endoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119001. [PMID: 33705817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress signaling is an adaptive mechanism triggered when protein folding demand overcomes the folding capacity of this compartment, thereby leading to the accumulation of improperly folded proteins. This stress signaling pathway is named the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) and aims at restoring ER homeostasis. However, if this fails, mechanisms orienting cells towards death processes are initiated. Herein, we summarize the most recent findings connecting ER stress and the UPR with identified death mechanisms including apoptosis, necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, and autophagy. We highlight new avenues that could be investigated and controlled through actionable mechanisms in physiology and pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Tony Avril
- Inserm U1242, University of Rennes, Rennes, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
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55
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van Dierendonck XAMH, de la Rosa Rodriguez MA, Georgiadi A, Mattijssen F, Dijk W, van Weeghel M, Singh R, Borst JW, Stienstra R, Kersten S. HILPDA Uncouples Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Adipose Tissue Macrophages from Inflammation and Metabolic Dysregulation. Cell Rep 2021; 30:1811-1822.e6. [PMID: 32049012 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity leads to a state of chronic, low-grade inflammation that features the accumulation of lipid-laden macrophages in adipose tissue. Here, we determined the role of macrophage lipid-droplet accumulation in the development of obesity-induced adipose-tissue inflammation, using mice with myeloid-specific deficiency of the lipid-inducible HILPDA protein. HILPDA deficiency markedly reduced intracellular lipid levels and accumulation of fluorescently labeled fatty acids. Decreased lipid storage in HILPDA-deficient macrophages can be rescued by inhibition of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and is associated with increased oxidative metabolism. In diet-induced obese mice, HILPDA deficiency does not alter inflammatory and metabolic parameters, despite markedly reducing lipid accumulation in macrophages. Overall, we find that HILPDA is a lipid-inducible, physiological inhibitor of ATGL-mediated lipolysis in macrophages and uncouples lipid storage in adipose tissue macrophages from inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. Our data question the contribution of lipid droplet accumulation in adipose tissue macrophages in obesity-induced inflammation and metabolic dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthe A M H van Dierendonck
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Montserrat A de la Rosa Rodriguez
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anastasia Georgiadi
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Frits Mattijssen
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wieneke Dijk
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel van Weeghel
- Laboratory Genetic Metabolic Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rajat Singh
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Forchheimer 505D, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Microspectroscopy Research Facility, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein 8, 6525 GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, the Netherlands.
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Jialal I, Patel A, Devaraj S, Adams-Huet B. Metabolites that activate the inflammasome in nascent metabolic syndrome. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107836. [PMID: 33422385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2020.107836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) is a cardio-metabolic cluster that increases the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Whilst it affects 35% of the American adult population, its pathogenesis remains to be elucidated. Both insulin resistance and increased inflammation appear to be pivotal mechanisms. The NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, an intracellular multi-protein complex, is crucial in the activation of Caspase 1, resulting in an increase in both IL-1and IL-18. In this preliminary report we examined the relationship between metabolites from our exploratory metabolomics studies with the NLRP3 inflammasome activity in the adipose tissue of patients with nascent MetS. PATIENT AND METHODS This study comprised patients with nascent MetS matched with controls. All patients in this study had normal renal and hepatic function. Metabolites were analyzed from frozen early morning urine samples and correlated with adipose tissue Caspase 1, interleukin-1, and interleukin-18 density. RESULTS Caspase 1, a marker of NLRP3 inflammasome activity, was significantly elevated in patients with nascent MetS compared to controls. Isoleucine, GABA, Carnitine and PC34: 2 were also significantly increased in patients with MetS. Caspase1 correlated positively with Isoleucine, GABA, Carnitine, and PC34:2. CONCLUSION We make the novel observation that the NLRP3 inflammasome activity is correlated with certain metabolites (Isoleucine, GABA, Carnitine and PC34:2) and hypothesize that they could trigger increased NLRP3 Inflammasome activity in MetS. However, these preliminary ,hypothesis generating novel findings need confirmation in larger studies of the metabolome and inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ajay Patel
- University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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57
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Nan B, Yang C, Li L, Ye H, Yan H, Wang M, Yuan Y. Allicin alleviated acrylamide-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation via oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in Kupffer cells and SD rats liver. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 148:111937. [PMID: 33348049 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Acrylamide (AA) in heat-processed food leads to widespread concerns due to its hepatotoxicity. Allicin, a plant-derived antioxidant, possesses a significant protective effect on AA-induced hepatotoxicity, but the mechanism is still unclear. Herein, we investigated the mechanism in Kupffer cells and SD rats liver. Molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulation and LigPlus software speculated that allicin inhibited the activity of CYP2E1 expression by binding to its amino acid residues Phe116, Phe207, Leu210, Phe298, Ala299, Thr303, Val364 and Phe478 through hydrophobic interactions. Allicin decreased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) release and CYP2E1 protein expression and then alleviated the appearance of OS. Meanwhile, allicin significantly reduced ERS characteristic proteins GRP78, CHOP and UPR branch IRE1α pathway key proteins p-IRE, p-ASK, TRAF2 and XBP-1s expression. Simultaneously, allicin ameliorated OS and ERS activation, which inhibited the activation of the MAPK and NF-κB pathways, and down-regulated JNK, ERK, p38, p65 and IκBα phosphorylation. Allicin pre-treatment inhibited AA-induced inflammation as evidenced by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, decreasing Cleaved-Caspase-1 expression as well as IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Taken together, our data provide new insights into possible signaling pathways involved in allicin attenuating AA-induced hepatotoxicity in vivo and in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chaoyue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Lu Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haiqing Ye
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Haiyang Yan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Minghua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130062, China.
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58
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He X, Fan X, Bai B, Lu N, Zhang S, Zhang L. Pyroptosis is a critical immune-inflammatory response involved in atherosclerosis. Pharmacol Res 2021; 165:105447. [PMID: 33516832 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pyroptosis is a form of programmed cell death activated by various stimuli and is characterized by inflammasome assembly, membrane pore formation, and the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18). Atherosclerosis-related risk factors, including oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) and cholesterol crystals, have been shown to promote pyroptosis through several mechanisms that involve ion flux, ROS, endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, lysosomal rupture, Golgi function, autophagy, noncoding RNAs, post-translational modifications, and the expression of related molecules. Pyroptosis of endothelial cells, macrophages, and smooth muscle cells in the vascular wall can induce plaque instability and accelerate atherosclerosis progression. In this review, we focus on the pathogenesis, influence, and therapy of pyroptosis in atherosclerosis and provide novel ideas for suppressing pyroptosis and the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao He
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Xuehui Fan
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Bing Bai
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Nanjuan Lu
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Shuang Zhang
- General Surgery, Harbin Changzheng Hospital, 363 Xuan Hua Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
| | - Liming Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 23 You Zheng Street, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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59
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Medinas DB, Hazari Y, Hetz C. Disruption of Endoplasmic Reticulum Proteostasis in Age-Related Nervous System Disorders. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR AND SUBCELLULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 59:239-278. [PMID: 34050870 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-67696-4_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is a prominent cellular alteration of diseases impacting the nervous system that are associated to the accumulation of misfolded and aggregated protein species during aging. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main pathway mediating adaptation to ER stress, but it can also trigger deleterious cascades of inflammation and cell death leading to cell dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Genetic and pharmacological studies in experimental models shed light into molecular pathways possibly contributing to ER stress and the UPR activation in human neuropathies. Most of experimental models are, however, based on the overexpression of mutant proteins causing familial forms of these diseases or the administration of neurotoxins that induce pathology in young animals. Whether the mechanisms uncovered in these models are relevant for the etiology of the vast majority of age-related sporadic forms of neurodegenerative diseases is an open question. Here, we provide a systematic analysis of the current evidence linking ER stress to human pathology and the main mechanisms elucidated in experimental models. Furthermore, we highlight the recent association of metabolic syndrome to increased risk to undergo neurodegeneration, where ER stress arises as a common denominator in the pathogenic crosstalk between peripheral organs and the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Younis Hazari
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile. .,Center for Geroscience, Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile. .,Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA.
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60
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Kloc M, Uosef A, Kubiak JZ, Ghobrial RM. Role of Macrophages and RhoA Pathway in Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010216. [PMID: 33379334 PMCID: PMC7796231 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The development, progression, or stabilization of the atherosclerotic plaque depends on the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages. The influx of the macrophages and the regulation of macrophage phenotype, inflammatory or anti-inflammatory, are controlled by the small GTPase RhoA and its downstream effectors. Therefore, macrophages and the components of the RhoA pathway are attractive targets for anti-atherosclerotic therapies, which would inhibit macrophage influx and inflammatory phenotype, maintain an anti-inflammatory environment, and promote tissue remodeling and repair. Here, we discuss the recent findings on the role of macrophages and RhoA pathway in the atherosclerotic plaque formation and resolution and the novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malgorzata Kloc
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Genetics, University of Texas, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahmed Uosef
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jacek Z. Kubiak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (WIHE), 01-001 Warsaw, Poland;
- Cell Cycle Group, Institute of Genetics and Development of Rennes (IGDR), Faculty of Medicine, Univ Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6290, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Rafik Mark Ghobrial
- Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (A.U.); (R.M.G.)
- Department of Surgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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61
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Bowman ER, Cameron CM, Richardson B, Kulkarni M, Gabriel J, Cichon MJ, Riedl KM, Mustafa Y, Cartwright M, Snyder B, Raman SV, Zidar DA, Koletar SL, Playford MP, Mehta NN, Sieg SF, Freeman ML, Lederman MM, Cameron MJ, Funderburg NT. Macrophage maturation from blood monocytes is altered in people with HIV, and is linked to serum lipid profiles and activation indices: A model for studying atherogenic mechanisms. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008869. [PMID: 33002093 PMCID: PMC7553323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) are at increased risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Proportions of vascular homing monocytes are enriched in PWH; however, little is known regarding monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) that may drive atherosclerosis in this population. We isolated PBMCs from people with and without HIV, and cultured these cells for 5 days in medium containing autologous serum to generate MDMs. Differential gene expression (DGE) analysis of MDMs from PWH identified broad alterations in innate immune signaling (IL-1β, TLR expression, PPAR βδ) and lipid processing (LXR/RXR, ACPP, SREBP1). Transcriptional changes aligned with the functional capabilities of these cells. Expression of activation markers and innate immune receptors (CD163, TLR4, and CD300e) was altered on MDMs from PWH, and these cells produced more TNFα, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) than did cells from people without HIV. MDMs from PWH also had greater lipid accumulation and uptake of oxidized LDL. PWH had increased serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) and ceramides, with enrichment of saturated FAs and a reduction in polyunsaturated FAs. Levels of lipid classes and species that are associated with CVD correlated with unique DGE signatures and altered metabolic pathway activation in MDMs from PWH. Here, we show that MDMs from PWH display a pro-atherogenic phenotype; they readily form foam cells, have altered transcriptional profiles, and produce mediators that likely contribute to accelerated ASCVD. People with HIV (PWH) are at greater risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general public, but the mechanisms underlying this increased risk are poorly understood. Macrophages play key roles in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, and are potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Here, we investigate phenotypic and functional abnormalities in monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) isolated from PWH that may drive CVD risk in this population. MDMs were differentiated in the presence of autologous serum, enabling us to explore the contributions of serum components (lipids, inflammatory cytokines, microbial products) as drivers of altered MDM function. We link serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and CVD-associated lipid species to MDM activation. Our study provides new insight into drivers of pro-atherogenic MDM phenotype in PWH, and identifies directions for future study and potential intervention strategies to mitigate CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R. Bowman
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Cheryl M. Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Janelle Gabriel
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Morgan J. Cichon
- Department of Food Science & Technology and the Nutrient & Phytochemical Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Kenneth M. Riedl
- Department of Food Science & Technology and the Nutrient & Phytochemical Shared Resource, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yousef Mustafa
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael Cartwright
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brandon Snyder
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Subha V. Raman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - David A. Zidar
- Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Susan L. Koletar
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Martin P. Playford
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Nehal N. Mehta
- Section of Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Diseases, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Scott F. Sieg
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael L. Freeman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Michael M. Lederman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and HIV Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mark J. Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Nicholas T. Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Cicalese S, Okuno K, Elliott KJ, Kawai T, Scalia R, Rizzo V, Eguchi S. 78 kDa Glucose-Regulated Protein Attenuates Protein Aggregation and Monocyte Adhesion Induced by Angiotensin II in Vascular Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144980. [PMID: 32679678 PMCID: PMC7403992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) phenotypic modulation due to angiotensin II (AngII) stimulation are important for understanding molecular mechanisms contributing to hypertension and associated vascular pathology. AngII induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in VSMCs, which has been implicated in hypertensive vascular remodeling. Under ER stress, 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) acts as an endogenous chaperone, as well as a master controller of unfolded protein response (UPR) to maintain protein quality control. However, the potential downstream consequences of ER stress induced by AngII on protein quality control and pro-inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs remain elusive. This study aims to identify protein aggregation as evidence of the disruption of protein quality control in VSMCs, and to test the hypothesis that preservation of proteostasis by overexpression of GRP78 can attenuate the AngII-induced pro-inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs. Increases in protein aggregation and enhanced UPR were observed in VSMCs exposed to AngII, which were mitigated by overexpression of GRP78. Moreover, GRP78 overexpression attenuated enhanced monocyte adhesion to VSMCs induced by AngII. Our results thus indicate that the prevention of protein aggregation can potentially mitigate an inflammatory phenotype in VSMCs, which may suggest an alternative therapy for the treatment of AngII-associated vascular disorders.
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Khadge S, Sharp JG, Thiele GM, McGuire TR, Talmadge JE. Fatty Acid Mediators in the Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:125-153. [PMID: 32578175 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Patients with cancer frequently overexpress inflammatory cytokines with an associated neutrophilia both of which may be downregulated by diets with high omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA). The anti-inflammatory activity of dietary ω-3 PUFA has been suggested to have anticancer properties and to improve survival of cancer patients. Currently, the majority of dietary research efforts do not differentiate between obesity and dietary fatty acid consumption as mediators of inflammatory cell expansion and tumor microenvironmental infiltration, initiation, and progression. In this chapter, we discuss the relationships between dietary lipids, inflammation, neoplasia and strategies to regulate these relationships. We posit that dietary composition, notably the ratio of ω-3 vs. ω-6 PUFA, regulates tumor initiation and progression and the frequency and sites of metastasis that, together, impact overall survival (OS). We focus on three broad topics: first, the role of dietary lipids in chronic inflammation and tumor initiation, progression, and regression; second, lipid mediators linking inflammation and cancer; and third, dietary lipid regulation of murine and human tumor initiation, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saraswoti Khadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - John Graham Sharp
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Thiele
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.,Veteran Affairs Nebraska-Western Iowa Health Care System, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Timothy R McGuire
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - James E Talmadge
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Ho N, Yap WS, Xu J, Wu H, Koh JH, Goh WWB, George B, Chong SC, Taubert S, Thibault G. Stress sensor Ire1 deploys a divergent transcriptional program in response to lipid bilayer stress. J Cell Biol 2020; 219:e201909165. [PMID: 32349127 PMCID: PMC7337508 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201909165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane integrity at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is tightly regulated, and its disturbance is implicated in metabolic diseases. Using an engineered sensor that activates the unfolded protein response (UPR) exclusively when normal ER membrane lipid composition is compromised, we identified pathways beyond lipid metabolism that are necessary to maintain ER integrity in yeast and in C. elegans. To systematically validate yeast mutants that disrupt ER membrane homeostasis, we identified a lipid bilayer stress (LBS) sensor in the UPR transducer protein Ire1, located at the interface of the amphipathic and transmembrane helices. Furthermore, transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses pinpoint the UPR as a broad-spectrum compensatory response wherein LBS and proteotoxic stress deploy divergent transcriptional UPR programs. Together, these findings reveal the UPR program as the sum of two independent stress responses, an insight that could be exploited for future therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurulain Ho
- Lipid Regulation and Cell Stress Group, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wei Sheng Yap
- Lipid Regulation and Cell Stress Group, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jiaming Xu
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Haoxi Wu
- Lipid Regulation and Cell Stress Group, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jhee Hong Koh
- Lipid Regulation and Cell Stress Group, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Wilson Wen Bin Goh
- Bio-Data Science and Education Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Bhawana George
- Lipid Regulation and Cell Stress Group, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Shu Chen Chong
- Lipid Regulation and Cell Stress Group, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Stefan Taubert
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Guillaume Thibault
- Lipid Regulation and Cell Stress Group, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore
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Li X, Shi Z, Zhu Y, Shen T, Wang H, Shui G, Loor JJ, Fang Z, Chen M, Wang X, Peng Z, Song Y, Wang Z, Du X, Liu G. Cyanidin-3-O-glucoside improves non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by promoting PINK1-mediated mitophagy in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:3591-3607. [PMID: 32343398 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Identifying safe and effective compounds that target to mitophagy to eliminate impaired mitochondria may be an attractive therapeutic strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Here, we investigated the effects of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and the underlying mechanism. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was induced by a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. C3G was administered during the last 4 weeks. In vivo, recombinant adenoviruses and AAV8 were used for overexpression and knockdown of PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), respectively. AML-12 and HepG2 cells were used for the mechanism study. KEY RESULTS C3G administration suppressed hepatic oxidative stress, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation and steatosis and improved systemic glucose metabolism in mice with NAFLD. These effects of C3G were also observed in palmitic acid-treated AML-12 cells and hepatocytes from NAFLD patients. Mechanistic investigations revealed that C3G increased PINK1/Parkin expression and mitochondrial localization and promoted PINK1-mediated mitophagy to clear damaged mitochondria. Knockdown of hepatic PINK1 abolished the mitophagy-inducing effect of C3G, which blunted the beneficial effects of C3G on oxidative stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, hepatic steatosis and glucose metabolism. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS These results demonstrate that PINK1-mediated mitophagy plays an essential role in the ability of C3G to alleviate NAFLD and suggest that C3G may be a potential drug candidate for NAFLD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhen Shi
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiwei Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Taiyu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Heyuan Wang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Zhiyuan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinghui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhicheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuxiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiliang Du
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Guowen Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonoses Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Wu KKL, Cheung SWM, Cheng KKY. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Adipose Tissues and Its Implications on Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4184. [PMID: 32545355 PMCID: PMC7312293 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue is an active endocrine and immune organ that controls systemic immunometabolism via multiple pathways. Diverse immune cell populations reside in adipose tissue, and their composition and immune responses vary with nutritional and environmental conditions. Adipose tissue dysfunction, characterized by sterile low-grade chronic inflammation and excessive immune cell infiltration, is a hallmark of obesity, as well as an important link to cardiometabolic diseases. Amongst the pro-inflammatory factors secreted by the dysfunctional adipose tissue, interleukin (IL)-1β, induced by the NLR family pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, not only impairs peripheral insulin sensitivity, but it also interferes with the endocrine and immune functions of adipose tissue in a paracrine manner. Human studies indicated that NLRP3 activity in adipose tissues positively correlates with obesity and its metabolic complications, and treatment with the IL-1β antibody improves glycaemia control in type 2 diabetic patients. In mouse models, genetic or pharmacological inhibition of NLRP3 activation pathways or IL-1β prevents adipose tissue dysfunction, including inflammation, fibrosis, defective lipid handling and adipogenesis, which in turn alleviates obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In this review, we summarize both the negative and positive regulators of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and its pathophysiological consequences on immunometabolism. We also discuss the potential therapeutic approaches to targeting adipose tissue inflammasome for the treatment of obesity and its related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kenneth King-Yip Cheng
- Department of Health Technology and Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; (K.K.-L.W.); (S.W.-M.C.)
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Batista A, Rodvold JJ, Xian S, Searles SC, Lew A, Iwawaki T, Almanza G, Waller TC, Lin J, Jepsen K, Carter H, Zanetti M. IRE1α regulates macrophage polarization, PD-L1 expression, and tumor survival. PLoS Biol 2020; 18:e3000687. [PMID: 32520957 PMCID: PMC7307794 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the tumor microenvironment, local immune dysregulation is driven in part by macrophages and dendritic cells that are polarized to a mixed proinflammatory/immune-suppressive phenotype. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is emerging as the possible origin of these events. Here we report that the inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1α) branch of the UPR is directly involved in the polarization of macrophages in vitro and in vivo, including the up-regulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-23, Arginase1, as well as surface expression of CD86 and programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1). Macrophages in which the IRE1α/X-box binding protein 1 (Xbp1) axis is blocked pharmacologically or deleted genetically have significantly reduced polarization and CD86 and PD-L1 expression, which was induced independent of IFNγ signaling, suggesting a novel mechanism in PD-L1 regulation in macrophages. Mice with IRE1α- but not Xbp1-deficient macrophages showed greater survival than controls when implanted with B16.F10 melanoma cells. Remarkably, we found a significant association between the IRE1α gene signature and CD274 gene expression in tumor-infiltrating macrophages in humans. RNA sequencing (RNASeq) analysis showed that bone marrow-derived macrophages with IRE1α deletion lose the integrity of the gene connectivity characteristic of regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD) and the ability to activate CD274 gene expression. Thus, the IRE1α/Xbp1 axis drives the polarization of macrophages in the tumor microenvironment initiating a complex immune dysregulation leading to failure of local immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Batista
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Rodvold
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Su Xian
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Medicine, and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Stephen C. Searles
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Alyssa Lew
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Laboratory for Cell Recovery Mechanisms, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa, Japan
| | - Gonzalo Almanza
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - T. Cameron Waller
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Medicine, and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Lin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, United States of America
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- IGM Genomics Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Hannah Carter
- Division of Medical Genetics; Department of Medicine, and Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Maurizio Zanetti
- The Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Medicine and Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
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Van Campenhout S, Tilleman L, Lefere S, Vandierendonck A, Raevens S, Verhelst X, Geerts A, Van Nieuwerburgh F, Van Vlierberghe H, Devisscher L. Myeloid-specific IRE1alpha deletion reduces tumour development in a diabetic, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-induced hepatocellular carcinoma mouse model. Metabolism 2020; 107:154220. [PMID: 32243868 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity, diabetes and associated non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are rising risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Macrophages are important immune cells involved in inflammation and tumour development. Macrophage inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α), an ER-stress protein, has been shown to be involved in macrophage cytokine production, and myeloid-specific IRE1α knock-out (myeloid IRE1α-KO) mice showed reduced weight gain during high-fat diet feeding. However, the effect of myeloid IRE1α on NASH and subsequent HCC development has not been examined. Here, we characterized the transcriptional profile of the hepatic macrophage population in a diabetes-NASH-HCC mouse model, and investigated the effect of myeloid-specific IRE1α deletion on the phenotype of hepatic macrophage subsets and experimental NASH-HCC development. METHODS Mice with non-functional myeloid IRE1α were created by crossing Ire1a floxed mice with Lysm-Cre mice. Two-day old myeloid IRE1α-KO and wild type (WT) mice were subcutaneously injected with streptozotocin (STZ), and male mice were fed a high-fat, -sucrose, -cholesterol diet (Western diet, WD) from the age of 4 weeks until 21 weeks. Control myeloid IRE1α-KO and WT mice received a PBS injection and were fed a matched control diet. These mice were evaluated for obesity, diabetes, NASH and HCC. The hepatic macrophage population was evaluated by flow cytometry and RNA sequencing on FACS-isolated macrophage subsets. RESULTS STZ-injection and WD feeding resulted in an impaired glucose tolerance, advanced NASH with fibrosis, and HCC development. Myeloid IRE1α-KO STZ mice showed lower fasting glucose levels at the start of WD feeding, and an improved glucose tolerance and attenuated HCC development after 17 weeks of WD feeding despite a similar degree of liver steatosis and inflammation compared to WT mice. Transcriptomic analysis of WT liver Kupffer cells, macrophages and monocytes revealed phenotypical changes in those cell subsets during NASH-HCC development. Isolated liver Kupffer cells and macrophages from mice with a myeloid IRE1α deletion showed downregulated pathways involved in immune system activation and metabolic pathways (only in Kupffer cells), whereas pathways involved in cell division and metabolism were upregulated in monocytes. These transcriptional differences were attenuated during NASH-HCC development. CONCLUSION Our results show that myeloid-specific IRE1α deletion results in an altered transcriptional profile of hepatic macrophages and dampens diabetes-induced NASH-HCC development, possibly by attenuated diabetes induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanne Van Campenhout
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Laurentijn Tilleman
- Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sander Lefere
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Astrid Vandierendonck
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Sarah Raevens
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Xavier Verhelst
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Anja Geerts
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Filip Van Nieuwerburgh
- Lab of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Hans Van Vlierberghe
- Hepatology Research Unit, Department of Internal Medicine and Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Lindsey Devisscher
- Gut-Liver Immunopharmacology Unit, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, Entrance 36 - Floor 3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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Crosstalk between ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome, and inflammation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:6129-6140. [PMID: 32447438 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10614-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is a protective response to restore protein homeostasis by activating the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, UPR can trigger cell death under severe and/or persistently high ERS. The NLRP3 inflammasome is a complex of multiple proteins that activates the secretion of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in a caspase-1-dependent manner to participate in the regulation of inflammation. The NLRP3 inflammasome involvement in ERS-induced inflammation has not been completely described. The intersection of ERS with multiple inflammatory pathways can initiate and aggravate chronic diseases. Accumulating evidence suggests that ERS-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome is the pathological basis of various inflammatory diseases. In this review, we have discussed the networks between ERS and NLRP3 inflammasome, with the view to identifying novel therapeutic targets in inflammatory diseases. KEY POINTS: • Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is an important factor for the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasomes that results in pathological processes. • ERS can activate the NLRP3 inflammasome to induce inflammatory responses via oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, and NF-κB activation. • The interactions between ERS and NLRP3 inflammasome are associated with inflammation, which represent a potential therapeutic opportunity of inflammatory diseases.
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Arivazhagan L, Ruiz HH, Wilson R, Manigrasso M, Gugger PF, Fisher EA, Moore KJ, Ramasamy R, Schmidt AM. An Eclectic Cast of Cellular Actors Orchestrates Innate Immune Responses in the Mechanisms Driving Obesity and Metabolic Perturbation. Circ Res 2020; 126:1565-1589. [PMID: 32437306 PMCID: PMC7250004 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.315900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The escalating problem of obesity and its multiple metabolic and cardiovascular complications threatens the health and longevity of humans throughout the world. The cause of obesity and one of its chief complications, insulin resistance, involves the participation of multiple distinct organs and cell types. From the brain to the periphery, cell-intrinsic and intercellular networks converge to stimulate and propagate increases in body mass and adiposity, as well as disturbances of insulin sensitivity. This review focuses on the roles of the cadre of innate immune cells, both those that are resident in metabolic organs and those that are recruited into these organs in response to cues elicited by stressors such as overnutrition and reduced physical activity. Beyond the typical cast of innate immune characters invoked in the mechanisms of metabolic perturbation in these settings, such as neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages, these actors are joined by bone marrow-derived cells, such as eosinophils and mast cells and the intriguing innate lymphoid cells, which are present in the circulation and in metabolic organ depots. Upon high-fat feeding or reduced physical activity, phenotypic modulation of the cast of plastic innate immune cells ensues, leading to the production of mediators that affect inflammation, lipid handling, and metabolic signaling. Furthermore, their consequent interactions with adaptive immune cells, including myriad T-cell and B-cell subsets, compound these complexities. Notably, many of these innate immune cell-elicited signals in overnutrition may be modulated by weight loss, such as that induced by bariatric surgery. Recently, exciting insights into the biology and pathobiology of these cell type-specific niches are being uncovered by state-of-the-art techniques such as single-cell RNA-sequencing. This review considers the evolution of this field of research on innate immunity in obesity and metabolic perturbation, as well as future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi Arivazhagan
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Henry H. Ruiz
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Robin Wilson
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Michaele Manigrasso
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Paul F. Gugger
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Edward A. Fisher
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York 10016
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Kathryn J. Moore
- The Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Marc and Ruti Bell Program in Vascular Biology, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York 10016
- NYU Cardiovascular Research Center, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ravichandran Ramasamy
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016
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Salminen A, Kaarniranta K, Kauppinen A. ER stress activates immunosuppressive network: implications for aging and Alzheimer's disease. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:633-650. [PMID: 32279085 PMCID: PMC7220864 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contains stress sensors which recognize the accumulation of unfolded proteins within the lumen of ER, and subsequently these transducers stimulate the unfolded protein response (UPR). The ER sensors include the IRE1, PERK, and ATF6 transducers which activate the UPR in an attempt to restore the quality of protein folding and thus maintain cellular homeostasis. If there is excessive stress, UPR signaling generates alarmins, e.g., chemokines and cytokines, which activate not only tissue-resident immune cells but also recruit myeloid and lymphoid cells into the affected tissues. ER stress is a crucial inducer of inflammation in many pathological conditions. A chronic low-grade inflammation and cellular senescence have been associated with the aging process and many age-related diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Currently, it is known that immune cells can exhibit great plasticity, i.e., they are able to display both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory phenotypes in a context-dependent manner. The microenvironment encountered in chronic inflammatory conditions triggers a compensatory immunosuppression which defends tissues from excessive inflammation. Recent studies have revealed that chronic ER stress augments the suppressive phenotypes of immune cells, e.g., in tumors and other inflammatory disorders. The activation of immunosuppressive network, including myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) and regulatory T cells (Treg), has been involved in the aging process and Alzheimer’s disease. We will examine in detail whether the ER stress-related changes found in aging tissues and Alzheimer’s disease are associated with the activation of immunosuppressive network, as has been observed in tumors and many chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antero Salminen
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, P.O. Box 100, FI-70029, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anu Kauppinen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211, Kuopio, Finland
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72
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Dong J, Bobe G, Guan Y, Li G, Zuo R, Shu X, Wang Y, Sun X, Chen X, Li X. Mitochondrial membrane protein mitofusin 2 as a potential therapeutic target for treating free fatty acid-induced hepatic inflammation in dairy cows during early lactation. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:5561-5574. [PMID: 32278565 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is critical in the progression from benign hepatic lipidosis to pathological hepatic steatosis. The objective of this study was to examine the potential role of the outer mitochondrial membrane protein mitofusin 2 (MFN2) in the etiology of hepatic steatosis in dairy cows during early lactation. Using a nested case-control design, we compared blood and liver samples from 10 healthy cows and 10 age-matched cows with moderate fatty liver. Cows with moderate fatty liver had high liver triacylglycerols, elevated plasma concentrations of free fatty acids (FFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate, and low concentrations of glucose. Cows with moderate fatty liver had overactivated inflammatory pathways in the liver, as indicated by increased abundance of phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) p65, NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) and caspase-1 inflammasome protein, and elevated plasma concentrations and hepatic mRNA abundance of their molecular targets IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α). In the cell culture model, we were able to replicate our findings in cows with moderate fatty liver: 1.2 mM exogenous FFA decreased the abundance of MFN2 and upregulated phosphorylation levels of the inhibitor of NF-κB (IκB) α and NF-κB p65, the IκB kinase β activity, and the abundance of NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Whereas MFN2 knockdown potentiated the FFA-induced activation of these inflammatory pathways, overexpression of MFN2 attenuated the detrimental effect of excess exogenous FFA by improving mitochondrial function and decreasing the release of reactive oxygen species, suggesting that MFN2 may be a potential therapeutic target for FFA-induced hepatic inflammation in dairy cows during early lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Dong
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Gerd Bobe
- Department of Animal and Rangeland Sciences, College of Agriculture and Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331
| | - Yuan Guan
- College of Animal Science, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Guojin Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Rankun Zuo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Yazhe Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xudong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xiying Chen
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun 130062, Jilin, China.
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73
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Bowman E, Funderburg NT. Lipidome Abnormalities and Cardiovascular Disease Risk in HIV Infection. Curr HIV/AIDS Rep 2020; 16:214-223. [PMID: 30993515 DOI: 10.1007/s11904-019-00442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and its treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART) are associated with lipid abnormalities that may enhance cardiovascular disease risk (CVD). RECENT FINDINGS Chronic inflammation persists in HIV+ individuals, and complex relationships exist among lipids and inflammation, as immune activation may be both a cause and a consequence of lipid abnormalities in HIV infection. Advances in mass spectrometry-based techniques now allow for detailed measurements of individual lipid species; improved lipid measurement might better evaluate CVD risk compared with the prognostic value of traditional assessments. Lipidomic analyses have begun to characterize dynamic changes in lipid composition during HIV infection and following treatment with ART, and further investigation may identify novel lipid biomarkers predictive of adverse outcomes. Developing strategies to improve management of comorbidities in the HIV+ population is important, and statin therapy and lifestyle modifications, including diet and exercise, may help to improve lipid levels and mitigate CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Bowman
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University College of Medicine, 453 W. 10th Ave. 535A Atwell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Division of Medical Laboratory Science, Ohio State University College of Medicine, 453 W. 10th Ave. 535A Atwell Hall, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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Catestatin improves insulin sensitivity by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress: In vivo and in silico validation. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:464-481. [PMID: 32180905 PMCID: PMC7063178 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An endogenous peptide catestatin alleviates obesity-induced ER stress. Alleviation of ER stress by catestatin improves insulin sensitivity. PID controller based model of ER stress is supported by experimental findings. It predicts AKT phosphorylation achieves insulin sensitivity overcoming ER stress.
Obesity is characterized by a state of chronic, unresolved inflammation in insulin-targeted tissues. Obesity-induced inflammation causes accumulation of proinflammatory macrophages in adipose tissue and liver. Proinflammatory cytokines released from tissue macrophages inhibits insulin sensitivity. Obesity also leads to inflammation-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and insulin resistance. In this scenario, based on the data (specifically patterns) generated by our in vivo experiments on both diet-induced obese (DIO) and normal chow diet (NCD) mice, we developed an in silico state space model to integrate ER stress and insulin signaling pathways. Computational results successfully followed the experimental results for both DIO and NCD conditions. Chromogranin A (CgA) peptide catestatin (CST: hCgA352-372) improves obesity-induced hepatic insulin resistance by reducing inflammation and inhibiting proinflammatory macrophage infiltration. We reasoned that the anti-inflammatory effects of CST would alleviate ER stress. CST decreased obesity-induced ER dilation in hepatocytes and macrophages. On application of Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers on the in silico model, we checked whether the reduction of phosphorylated PERK resulting in attenuation of ER stress, resembling CST effect, could enhance insulin sensitivity. The simulation results clearly pointed out that CST not only decreased ER stress but also enhanced insulin sensitivity in mammalian cells. In vivo experiment validated the simulation results by depicting that CST caused decrease in phosphorylation of UPR signaling molecules and increased phosphorylation of insulin signaling molecules. Besides simulation results predicted that enhancement of AKT phosphorylation helps in both overcoming ER stress and achieving insulin sensitivity. These effects of CST were verified in hepatocyte culture model.
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75
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Polarization of Macrophages in Human Adipose Tissue is Related to the Fatty Acid Spectrum in Membrane Phospholipids. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010008. [PMID: 31861434 PMCID: PMC7020093 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Residential macrophages in adipose tissue play a pivotal role in the development of inflammation not only within this tissue, but also affect the proinflammatory status of the whole body. Data on human adipose tissue inflammation and the role of macrophages are rather scarce. We previously documented that the proportion of proinflammatory macrophages in human adipose tissue correlates closely with non-HDL cholesterol concentrations. We hypothesized that this is due to the identical influence of diet on both parameters and decided to analyze the fatty acid spectrum in cell membrane phospholipids of the same individuals as a parameter of the diet consumed. Proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory macrophages were isolated from human adipose tissue (n = 43) and determined by flow cytometry as CD14+CD16+CD36high and CD14+CD16−CD163+, respectively. The spectrum of fatty acids in phospholipids in the cell membranes of specimens of the same adipose tissue was analyzed, and the proportion of proinflammatory macrophage increased with the proportions of palmitic and palmitoleic acids. Contrariwise, these macrophages decreased with increasing alpha-linolenic acid, total n-3 fatty acids, n-3/n-6 ratio, and eicosatetraenoic acid. A mirror picture was documented for the proportion of anti-inflammatory macrophages. The dietary score, obtained using a food frequency questionnaire, documented a positive relation to proinflammatory macrophages in individuals who consumed predominantly vegetable fat and fish, and individuals who consumed diets based on animal fat without fish and nut consumption. he present data support our hypothesis that macrophage polarization in human visceral adipose tissue is related to fatty acid metabolism, cell membrane composition, and diet consumed. It is suggested that fatty acid metabolism might participate also in inflammation and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.
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76
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Understanding the Role of the Unfolded Protein Response Sensor IRE1 in the Biology of Antigen Presenting Cells. Cells 2019; 8:cells8121563. [PMID: 31817075 PMCID: PMC6953001 DOI: 10.3390/cells8121563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive response that maintains the fidelity of the cellular proteome in conditions that subvert the folding capacity of the cell, such as those noticed in infection and inflammatory contexts. In immunity, the UPR sensor IRE1 (Inositol-requiring enzyme 1-alpha) has emerged as a critical regulator of the homeostasis of antigen presenting cells (APCs). In the past few years, it has become clear that IRE1 plays canonical and non-canonical roles in APCs, many of which intersect with key features of these cells, including the initiation of inflammation, antibody production, and antigen presentation. The aims of the present review are to provide recent insights on the mechanisms by which IRE1 regulates the diversity of APC functions and to highlight its relevance in the coordination of innate and adaptive immunity.
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77
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Hu MY, Lin YY, Zhang BJ, Lu DL, Lu ZQ, Cai W. Update of inflammasome activation in microglia/macrophage in aging and aging-related disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2019; 25:1299-1307. [PMID: 31729181 PMCID: PMC6887669 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging and aging‐related CNS diseases are associated with inflammatory status. As an efficient amplifier of immune responses, inflammasome is activated and played detrimental role in aging and aging‐related CNS diseases. Macrophage and microglia display robust inflammasome activation in infectious and sterile inflammation. This review discussed the impact of inflammasome activation in microglia/macrophage on senescence “inflammaging” and aging‐related CNS diseases. The preventive or therapeutic effects of targeting inflammasome on retarding aging process or tackling aging‐related diseases are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yan Hu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Yao Lin
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bing-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Li Lu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Qi Lu
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Department of Neurology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Center of Clinical Immunology, Center for Mental and Neurological Disorders and Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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78
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Guerrini V, Gennaro ML. Foam Cells: One Size Doesn't Fit All. Trends Immunol 2019; 40:1163-1179. [PMID: 31732284 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2019.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in many infectious and metabolic diseases, and some cancers, is accompanied by the presence of foam cells. These cells form when the intracellular lipid content of macrophages exceeds their capacity to maintain lipid homeostasis. Concurrently, critical macrophage immune functions are diminished. Current paradigms of foam cell formation derive from studies of atherosclerosis. However, recent studies indicate that the mechanisms of foam cell biogenesis during tuberculosis differ from those operating during atherogenesis. Here, we review how foam cell formation and function vary with disease context. Since foam cells are therapeutic targets in atherosclerosis, further research on the disease-specific mechanisms of foam cell biogenesis and function is needed to explore the therapeutic consequences of targeting these cells in other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Guerrini
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Laura Gennaro
- Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, USA.
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79
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Li C, Jin Y, Wei S, Sun Y, Jiang L, Zhu Q, Farmer DG, Busuttil RW, Kupiec-Weglinski JW, Ke B. Hippo Signaling Controls NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 3 Activation and Governs Immunoregulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Mouse Liver Injury. Hepatology 2019; 70:1714-1731. [PMID: 31063235 PMCID: PMC6819196 DOI: 10.1002/hep.30700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The Hippo pathway, an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase cascade, tightly regulates cell growth and survival. Activation of yes-associated protein (YAP), a downstream effector of the Hippo pathway, has been shown to modulate tissue inflammation. However, it remains unknown as to whether and how the Hippo-YAP signaling may control NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) activation in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-mediated immune regulation during liver inflammation. In a mouse model of ischemia/reperfusion (IR)-induced liver sterile inflammatory injury, we found that adoptive transfer of MSCs reduced hepatocellular damage, shifted macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 phenotype, and diminished inflammatory mediators. MSC treatment reduced mammalian Ste20-like kinase 1/2 and large tumor suppressor 1 phosphorylation but augmented YAP and β-catenin expression with increased prostaglandin E2 production in ischemic livers. However, disruption of myeloid YAP or β-catenin in MSC-transferred mice exacerbated IR-triggered liver inflammation, enhanced NLRP3/caspase-1 activity, and reduced M2 macrophage phenotype. Using MSC/macrophage coculture system, we found that MSCs increased macrophage YAP and β-catenin nuclear translocation. Importantly, YAP and β-catenin colocalize in the nucleus while YAP interacts with β-catenin and regulates its target gene X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1), leading to reduced NLRP3/caspase-1 activity after coculture. Moreover, macrophage YAP or β-catenin deficiency augmented XBP1/NLRP3 while XBP1 deletion diminished NLRP3/caspase-1 activity. Increasing NLRP3 expression reduced M2 macrophage arginase1 but augmented M1 macrophage inducible nitric oxide synthase expression accompanied by increased interleukin-1β release. Conclusion: MSCs promote macrophage Hippo pathway, which in turn controls NLRP3 activation through a direct interaction between YAP and β-catenin and regulates XBP1-mediated NLRP3 activation, leading to reprograming macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Moreover, YAP functions as a transcriptional coactivator of β-catenin in MSC-mediated immune regulation. Our findings suggest a therapeutic target in MSC-mediated immunotherapy of liver sterile inflammatory injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changyong Li
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuting Jin
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Song Wei
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yishuang Sun
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Longfeng Jiang
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Qiang Zhu
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Douglas G. Farmer
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ronald W. Busuttil
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jerzy W. Kupiec-Weglinski
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bibo Ke
- The Dumont-UCLA Transplant Center, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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80
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Huang S, Xing Y, Liu Y. Emerging roles for the ER stress sensor IRE1α in metabolic regulation and disease. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:18726-18741. [PMID: 31666338 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.rev119.007036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident transmembrane protein that senses ER stress and is evolutionarily conserved from yeast to humans. IRE1 possesses both Ser/Thr protein kinase and endoribonuclease (RNase) activities within its cytoplasmic domain and is activated through autophosphorylation and dimerization/oligomerization. It mediates a critical arm of the unfolded protein response to manage ER stress provoked by lumenal overload of unfolded/misfolded proteins. Emerging lines of evidence have revealed that in mammals, IRE1α functions as a multifunctional signal transducer that responds to metabolic cues and nutrient stress conditions, exerting profound and broad effects on metabolic homeostasis. In this review, we cover recent advances in our understanding of how IRE1α integrates a variety of metabolic and stress signals and highlight its tissue-specific or context-dependent metabolic activities. We also discuss how dysregulation of this metabolic stress sensor during handling of excessive nutrients in cells contributes to the progression of obesity and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Huang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuying Xing
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.
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81
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ER Stress Activates the NLRP3 Inflammasome: A Novel Mechanism of Atherosclerosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:3462530. [PMID: 31687078 PMCID: PMC6800950 DOI: 10.1155/2019/3462530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an important organelle that regulates several fundamental cellular processes, and ER dysfunction has implications for many intracellular events. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is an intracellularly produced macromolecular complex that can trigger pyroptosis and inflammation, and its activation is induced by a variety of signals. ER stress has been found to affect NLRP3 inflammasome activation through multiple effects including the unfolded protein response (UPR), calcium or lipid metabolism, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Intriguingly, the role of ER stress in inflammasome activation has not attracted a great deal of attention. In addition, increasing evidence highlights that both ER stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation contribute to atherosclerosis (AS). AS is a common cardiovascular disease with complex pathogenesis, and the precise mechanisms behind its pathogenesis remain to be determined. Both ER stress and the NLRP3 inflammasome have emerged as critical individual contributors of AS, and owing to the multiple associations between these two events, we speculate that they contribute to the mechanisms of pathogenesis in AS. In this review, we aim to summarize the molecular mechanisms of ER stress, NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and the cross talk between these two pathways in AS in the hopes of providing new pharmacological targets for AS treatment.
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82
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Jarc E, Petan T. Lipid Droplets and the Management of Cellular Stress. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:435-452. [PMID: 31543707 PMCID: PMC6747940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are cytosolic fat storage organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. Long regarded merely as inert fat reservoirs, they are now emerging as major regulators of cellular metabolism. They act as hubs that coordinate the pathways of lipid uptake, distribution, storage, and use in the cell. Recent studies have revealed that they are also essential components of the cellular stress response. One of the hallmark characteristics of lipid droplets is their capacity to buffer excess lipids and to finely tune their subsequent release based on specific cellular requirements. This simple feature of lipid droplet biology, buffering and delayed release of lipids, forms the basis for their pleiotropic roles in the cellular stress response. In stressed cells, lipid droplets maintain energy and redox homeostasis and protect against lipotoxicity by sequestering toxic lipids into their neutral lipid core. Their mobility and dynamic interactions with mitochondria enable an efficient delivery of fatty acids for optimal energy production. Lipid droplets are also involved in the maintenance of membrane and organelle homeostasis by regulating membrane composition, preventing lipid peroxidation and removing damaged proteins and lipids. Finally, they also engage in a symbiotic relationship with autophagy and act as reservoirs of bioactive lipids that regulate inflammation and immunity. Thus, lipid droplets are central managers of lipid metabolism that function as safeguards against various types of cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Jarc
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Toni Petan
- Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia,To whom all correspondence should be addressed: Toni Petan, Department of Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova cesta 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Tel: +386 1 477 3713, Fax: +386 1 477 3984,
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83
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ER-Mitochondria Communication in Cells of the Innate Immune System. Cells 2019; 8:cells8091088. [PMID: 31540165 PMCID: PMC6770024 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In cells the interorganelle communication comprises vesicular and non-vesicular mechanisms. Non-vesicular material transfer predominantly takes place at regions of close organelle apposition termed membrane contact sites and is facilitated by a growing number of specialized proteins. Contacts of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria are now recognized to be essential for diverse biological processes such as calcium homeostasis, phospholipid biosynthesis, apoptosis, and autophagy. In addition to these universal roles, ER-mitochondria communication serves also cell type-specific functions. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on ER-mitochondria contacts in cells of the innate immune system, especially in macrophages. We discuss ER- mitochondria communication in the context of macrophage fatty acid metabolism linked to inflammatory and ER stress responses, its roles in apoptotic cell engulfment, activation of the inflammasome, and antiviral defense.
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84
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Viana-Huete V, Fuster JJ. Valor terapéutico potencial de las estrategias dirigidas contra la interleucina 1β en la enfermedad cardiovascular ateroesclerótica. Rev Esp Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2019.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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85
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Abstract
The cause of insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not limited to impaired insulin signalling but also involves the complex interplay of multiple metabolic pathways. The analysis of large data sets generated by metabolomics and lipidomics has shed new light on the roles of metabolites such as lipids, amino acids and bile acids in modulating insulin sensitivity. Metabolites can regulate insulin sensitivity directly by modulating components of the insulin signalling pathway, such as insulin receptor substrates (IRSs) and AKT, and indirectly by altering the flux of substrates through multiple metabolic pathways, including lipogenesis, lipid oxidation, protein synthesis and degradation and hepatic gluconeogenesis. Moreover, the post-translational modification of proteins by metabolites and lipids, including acetylation and palmitoylation, can alter protein function. Furthermore, the role of the microbiota in regulating substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity is unfolding. In this Review, we discuss the emerging roles of metabolites in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. A comprehensive understanding of the metabolic adaptations involved in insulin resistance may enable the identification of novel targets for improving insulin sensitivity and preventing, and treating, T2DM.
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86
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Sharif O, Brunner JS, Vogel A, Schabbauer G. Macrophage Rewiring by Nutrient Associated PI3K Dependent Pathways. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2002. [PMID: 31497027 PMCID: PMC6712174 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Class 1 Phosphoinositide-3-Kinases (PI3Ks) have been widely studied and mediate essential roles in cellular proliferation, chemotaxis, insulin sensitivity, and immunity. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of how macrophage expressed PI3Ks and their downstream pathways orchestrate responses to metabolic stimuli and nutrients, polarizing macrophages, shaping their cellular identity and function. Particular emphasis will be given to adipose tissue macrophages, crucial players of insulin resistance and chronic metabolically triggered inflammation during obesity. An understanding of PI3K dependent wiring of macrophage responses is important as this is involved in various diseases ranging from obesity, type 2 diabetes to chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sharif
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Stefanie Brunner
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Vogel
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Schabbauer
- Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology, Institute for Vascular Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Arginine Metabolism in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Multiple Sclerosis, Vienna, Austria
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87
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Petkevicius K, Virtue S, Bidault G, Jenkins B, Çubuk C, Morgantini C, Aouadi M, Dopazo J, Serlie MJ, Koulman A, Vidal-Puig A. Accelerated phosphatidylcholine turnover in macrophages promotes adipose tissue inflammation in obesity. eLife 2019; 8:e47990. [PMID: 31418690 PMCID: PMC6748830 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) inflammation contributes to the development of insulin resistance in obesity. While the role of adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) pro-inflammatory signalling in the development of insulin resistance has been established, it is less clear how WAT inflammation is initiated. Here, we show that ATMs isolated from obese mice and humans exhibit markers of increased rate of de novo phosphatidylcholine (PC) biosynthesis. Macrophage-specific knockout of phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase A (CCTα), the rate-limiting enzyme of de novo PC biosynthesis pathway, alleviated obesity-induced WAT inflammation and insulin resistance. Mechanistically, CCTα-deficient macrophages showed reduced ER stress and inflammation in response to palmitate. Surprisingly, this was not due to lower exogenous palmitate incorporation into cellular PCs. Instead, CCTα-null macrophages had lower membrane PC turnover, leading to elevated membrane polyunsaturated fatty acid levels that negated the pro-inflammatory effects of palmitate. Our results reveal a causal link between obesity-associated increase in de novo PC synthesis, accelerated PC turnover and pro-inflammatory activation of ATMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasparas Petkevicius
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Sam Virtue
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Guillaume Bidault
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Cankut Çubuk
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Functional Genomics NodeINB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
| | - Cecilia Morgantini
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic CentreKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Myriam Aouadi
- Department of Medicine, Integrated Cardio Metabolic CentreKarolinska InstitutetHuddingeSweden
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Clinical Bioinformatics AreaFundación Progreso y Salud, CDCA, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Functional Genomics NodeINB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER)Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del RocioSevillaSpain
| | - Mireille J Serlie
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam University Medical CenterAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Albert Koulman
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Antonio Vidal-Puig
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, MDU MRCCambridgeUnited Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteHinxtonUnited Kingdom
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88
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Oteng AB, Ruppert PMM, Boutens L, Dijk W, van Dierendonck XAMH, Olivecrona G, Stienstra R, Kersten S. Characterization of ANGPTL4 function in macrophages and adipocytes using Angptl4-knockout and Angptl4-hypomorphic mice. J Lipid Res 2019; 60:1741-1754. [PMID: 31409739 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m094128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like protein (ANGPTL)4 regulates plasma lipids, making it an attractive target for correcting dyslipidemia. However, ANGPTL4 inactivation in mice fed a high fat diet causes chylous ascites, an acute-phase response, and mesenteric lymphadenopathy. Here, we studied the role of ANGPTL4 in lipid uptake in macrophages and in the above-mentioned pathologies using Angptl4-hypomorphic and Angptl4 -/- mice. Angptl4 expression in peritoneal and bone marrow-derived macrophages was highly induced by lipids. Recombinant ANGPTL4 decreased lipid uptake in macrophages, whereas deficiency of ANGPTL4 increased lipid uptake, upregulated lipid-induced genes, and increased respiration. ANGPTL4 deficiency did not alter LPL protein levels in macrophages. Angptl4-hypomorphic mice with partial expression of a truncated N-terminal ANGPTL4 exhibited reduced fasting plasma triglyceride, cholesterol, and NEFAs, strongly resembling Angptl4 -/- mice. However, during high fat feeding, Angptl4-hypomorphic mice showed markedly delayed and attenuated elevation in plasma serum amyloid A and much milder chylous ascites than Angptl4 -/- mice, despite similar abundance of lipid-laden giant cells in mesenteric lymph nodes. In conclusion, ANGPTL4 deficiency increases lipid uptake and respiration in macrophages without affecting LPL protein levels. Compared with the absence of ANGPTL4, low levels of N-terminal ANGPTL4 mitigate the development of chylous ascites and an acute-phase response in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antwi-Boasiako Oteng
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip M M Ruppert
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lily Boutens
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Wieneke Dijk
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Xanthe A M H van Dierendonck
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gunilla Olivecrona
- Department of Medical Biosciences/Physiological Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Rinke Stienstra
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Kersten
- Nutrition, Metabolism and Genomics Group, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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89
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Cimen I, Yildirim Z, Dogan AE, Yildirim AD, Tufanli O, Onat UI, Nguyen U, Watkins SM, Weber C, Erbay E. Double bond configuration of palmitoleate is critical for atheroprotection. Mol Metab 2019; 28:58-72. [PMID: 31422082 PMCID: PMC6822256 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Saturated and trans fat consumption is associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Current dietary guidelines recommend low fat and significantly reduced trans fat intake. Full fat dairy can worsen dyslipidemia, but recent epidemiological studies show full-fat dairy consumption may reduce diabetes and CVD risk. This dairy paradox prompted a reassessment of the dietary guidelines. The beneficial metabolic effects in dairy have been claimed for a ruminant-derived, trans fatty acid, trans-C16:1n-7 or trans-palmitoleate (trans-PAO). A close relative, cis-PAO, is produced by de novo lipogenesis and mediates inter-organ crosstalk, improving insulin-sensitivity and alleviating atherosclerosis in mice. These findings suggest trans-PAO may be a useful substitute for full fat dairy, but a metabolic function for trans-PAO has not been shown to date. METHODS Using lipidomics, we directly investigated trans-PAO's impact on plasma and tissue lipid profiles in a hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis mouse model. Furthermore, we investigated trans-PAO's impact on hyperlipidemia-induced inflammation and atherosclerosis progression in these mice. RESULTS Oral trans-PAO supplementation led to significant incorporation of trans-PAO into major lipid species in plasma and tissues. Unlike cis-PAO, however, trans-PAO did not prevent organelle stress and inflammation in macrophages or atherosclerosis progression in mice. CONCLUSIONS A significant, inverse correlation between circulating trans-PAO levels and diabetes incidence and cardiovascular mortality has been reported. Our findings show that trans-PAO can incorporate efficiently into the same pools that its cis counterpart is known to incorporate into. However, we found trans-PAO's anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic effects are muted due to its different structure from cis-PAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail Cimen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, German Cardiovascular Research Centre (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, 80336, Germany
| | - Zehra Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Asli Ekin Dogan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Asli Dilber Yildirim
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Ozlem Tufanli
- New York University, Lagone Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Umut Inci Onat
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey
| | | | | | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention, LMU Munich, German Cardiovascular Research Centre (DZHK), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance Munich, 80336, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Ebru Erbay
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; National Nanotechnology Center, Bilkent University, Ankara, 06800, Turkey; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA; David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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90
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Walker ME, Matthan NR, Goldbaum A, Meng H, Lamon-Fava S, Lakshman S, Jang S, Molokin A, Solano-Aguilar G, Urban JF, Lichtenstein AH. Dietary patterns influence epicardial adipose tissue fatty acid composition and inflammatory gene expression in the Ossabaw pig. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:138-146. [PMID: 31202119 PMCID: PMC6958552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) inflammation is implicated in the development and progression of coronary atherosclerosis. Dietary saturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFAs and PUFA) can influence adipose tissue inflammation. We investigated the influence of dietary patterns, with emphasis on dietary fat type, and statin therapy, on EAT fatty acid (FA) composition and inflammatory gene expression. Thirty-two Ossabaw pigs were fed isocaloric amounts of a Heart Healthy (high in unsaturated fat) or Western (high in saturated fat) diets +/- atorvastatin for 6 months. EAT FA composition reflected dietary fat composition. There was no significant effect of atorvastatin on EAT FA composition. Total and long-chain SFAs were positively associated with inflammatory signaling (TLR2) and a gene involved in lipid mediator biosynthesis (PTGS2) (P<.0003). Medium-chain SFAs capric and lauric acids were negatively associated with IL-6 (all P<.0003). N-6 and n-3 PUFAs were positively associated with anti-inflammatory signaling genes (PPARG, FFAR4 and ADIPOQ) and long-chain n-3 PUFAs were positively associated with a gene involved in lipid mediator biosynthesis (ALOX5) (all P<.0003). These data indicate that dietary patterns, differing in fat type, influence EAT FA composition. Associations between EAT SFAs, PUFAs, and expression of genes related to inflammation provide a link between dietary quality and EAT inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maura E Walker
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111.
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111.
| | - Audrey Goldbaum
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111.
| | - Huicui Meng
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111.
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111.
| | - Sukla Lakshman
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705.
| | - Saebyeol Jang
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705.
| | - Aleksey Molokin
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705.
| | - Gloria Solano-Aguilar
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705.
| | - Joseph F Urban
- USDA, ARS, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Diet Genomics and Immunology Laboratory, 10300 Baltimore Avenue, Beltsville, MD 20705.
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111.
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91
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Meng H, Matthan NR, Wu D, Li L, Rodríguez-Morató J, Cohen R, Galluccio JM, Dolnikowski GG, Lichtenstein AH. Comparison of diets enriched in stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids on inflammation, immune response, cardiometabolic risk factors, and fecal bile acid concentrations in mildly hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women-randomized crossover trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 110:305-315. [PMID: 31179489 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqz095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Direct comparisons between SFAs varying in chain length, specifically palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), relative to the latter's metabolic product, oleic acid (18:1), on cardiometabolic risk factors are limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the relative comparability of diets enriched in palmitic acid, stearic acid, and oleic acid on inflammation and coagulation markers, T lymphocyte proliferation/ex-vivo cytokine secretion, plasma cardiometabolic risk factors, and fecal bile acid concentrations. METHODS Hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women (n = 20, mean ± SD age 64 ± 7 y, BMI 26.4 ± 3.4 kg/m2, LDL cholesterol ≥ 2.8 mmol/L) were provided with each of 3 diets [55% energy (%E) carbohydrate, 15%E protein, 30%E fat, with ∼50% fat contributed by palmitic acid, stearic acid, or oleic acid in each diet; 5 wk/diet phase] using a randomized crossover design with 2-wk washouts between phases. Outcome measures were assessed at the end of each phase. RESULTS Fasting LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations were lower after the stearic acid and oleic acid diets than the palmitic acid diet (all P < 0.01). Fasting HDL-cholesterol concentrations were lower after the stearic acid diet than the palmitic acid and oleic acid diets (P < 0.01). The stearic acid diet resulted in lower lithocholic acid (P = 0.01) and total secondary bile acid (SBA) concentrations (P = 0.04) than the oleic acid diet. All other outcome measures were similar between diets. Lithocholic acid concentrations were positively correlated with fasting LDL-cholesterol concentrations (r = 0.33; P = 0.011). Total SBA, lithocholic acid, and deoxycholic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with fasting HDL cholesterol (r = -0.51 to -0.44; P < 0.01) concentrations and positively correlated with LDL cholesterol:HDL cholesterol (r = 0.37-0.54; P < 0.01) ratios. CONCLUSIONS Dietary stearic acid and oleic acid had similar effects on fasting LDL-cholesterol and non-HDL-cholesterol concentrations and more favorable ones than palmitic acid. Unlike oleic acid, the hypocholesterolemic effect of stearic acid may be mediated by inhibition of intestinal hydrophobic SBA synthesis. These findings add to the data suggesting there should be a reassessment of current SFA dietary guidance and Nutrient Facts panel labeling.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02145936.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huicui Meng
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lijun Li
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Cohen
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jean M Galluccio
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory G Dolnikowski
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
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92
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Korbecki J, Bajdak-Rusinek K. The effect of palmitic acid on inflammatory response in macrophages: an overview of molecular mechanisms. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:915-932. [PMID: 31363792 PMCID: PMC6813288 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01273-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 258] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid whose blood concentration is elevated in obese patients. This causes inflammatory responses, where toll-like receptors (TLR), TLR2 and TLR4, play an important role. Nevertheless, palmitic acid is not only a TLR agonist. In the cell, this fatty acid is converted into phospholipids, diacylglycerol and ceramides. They trigger the activation of various signaling pathways that are common for LPS-mediated TLR4 activation. In particular, metabolic products of palmitic acid affect the activation of various PKCs, ER stress and cause an increase in ROS generation. Thanks to this, palmitic acid also strengthens the TLR4-induced signaling. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of inflammatory response induced by palmitic acid. In particular, we focus on describing its effect on ER stress and IRE1α, and the mechanisms of NF-κB activation. We also present the mechanisms of inflammasome NLRP3 activation and the effect of palmitic acid on enhanced inflammatory response by increasing the expression of FABP4/aP2. Finally, we focus on the consequences of inflammatory responses, in particular, the effect of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 on insulin resistance. Due to the high importance of macrophages and the production of proinflammatory cytokines by them, this work mainly focuses on these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 St., 40-752, Katowice, Poland.
| | - Karolina Bajdak-Rusinek
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Medyków 18 St., 40-752, Katowice, Poland
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93
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Kalugotla G, He L, Weber KJ, Daemen S, Reller A, Razani B, Schilling JD. Frontline Science: Acyl-CoA synthetase 1 exacerbates lipotoxic inflammasome activation in primary macrophages. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 106:803-814. [PMID: 31166619 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.3hi0219-045rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are associated with macrophage dysfunction and increased NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Saturated fatty acids (FAs) are abundant in these metabolic disorders and have been associated with lysosome dysfunction and inflammasome activation in macrophages. However, the interplay between cellular metabolic pathways and lipid-induced toxicity in macrophages remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the role of the lipid metabolic enzyme long chain acyl-CoA synthetase (ACSL1) in primary macrophages. ACSL1 is upregulated in TLR4-activated macrophages via a TIR (toll/IL-1R) domain-containing adapter inducing IFN-β (TRIF)-dependent pathway, and knockout of this enzyme decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation. The mechanism of this response was not related to inflammasome priming, lipid uptake, or endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress generation. Rather, ACSL1 was associated with mitochondria where it modulated fatty acid metabolism. The development of lysosome damage with palmitate exposure likely occurs via the formation of intracellular crystals. Herein, we provide evidence that loss of ACSL1 in macrophages decreases FA crystal formation thereby reducing lysosome damage and IL-1β release. These findings suggest that targeting lipid metabolic pathways in macrophages may be a strategy to reduce lipotoxity and to decrease pathologic inflammation in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gowri Kalugotla
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Li He
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Kassandra J Weber
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sabine Daemen
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Abigail Reller
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Babak Razani
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Joel D Schilling
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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94
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Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a multimeric protein complex that cleaves caspase-1 and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18. Dysregulated NLRP3 inflammasome signalling is linked to several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions; thus, understanding the activation mechanisms of the NLRP3 inflammasome is essential. Studies over the past few years have implicated vital roles for distinct intracellular organelles in both the localisation and assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome. However, conflicting reports exist. Prior to its activation, NLRP3 has been shown to be resident in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and cytosol, although, upon activation, the NLRP3 inflammasome has been shown to assemble in the cytosol, mitochondria, and mitochondria-associated ER membranes by different reports. Finally, very recent work has suggested that NLRP3 may be localised on or adjacent to the Golgi apparatus and that release of mediators from this organelle may contribute to inflammasome assembly. Therefore, NLRP3 may be strategically placed on or in close proximity to these subcellular compartments to both sense danger signals originating from these organelles and use the compartment as a scaffold to assemble the complex. Understanding where and when NLRP3 inflammasome assembly occurs may help identify potential targets for treatment of NLRP3-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Hamilton
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, The Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Paras K Anand
- Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, The Commonwealth Building, Du Cane Road, London, W12 0NN, UK
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95
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Viana-Huete V, Fuster JJ. Potential Therapeutic Value of Interleukin 1b-targeted Strategies in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 72:760-766. [PMID: 31078457 DOI: 10.1016/j.rec.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical trials have unequivocally shown that cholesterol-lowering drugs decrease the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in an exceptionally wide range of individuals. Yet, even when treated optimally according to current standards, many individuals still experience life-threatening ischemic events. Emerging experimental and clinical evidence strongly suggests that persistent inflammation is a major driver of this residual risk, which has opened the door to the application of anti-inflammatory drugs for cardiovascular disease prevention. Here, we review our current knowledge of the biology of interleukin-1β, a key regulator of inflammation in atherosclerotic plaque and the target of the first clinical trial to demonstrate that an anti-inflammatory drug can effectively reduce cardiovascular risk. We discuss the challenges faced by interleukin-1β inhibitors and other anti-inflammatory compounds in their translation to the clinical scenario, and identify other potential targets within this signaling pathway that hold promise in the cardiovascular setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Viana-Huete
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José J Fuster
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain.
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96
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Zheng Y, Ning P, Luo Q, He Y, Yu X, Liu X, Chen Y, Wang X, Kang Y, Gao Z. Inflammatory responses relate to distinct bronchoalveolar lavage lipidome in community-acquired pneumonia patients: a pilot study. Respir Res 2019; 20:82. [PMID: 31046764 PMCID: PMC6498485 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Antibiotics are losing their effectiveness due to the emerging infectious diseases, the scarcity of novel antibiotics, and the contributions of antibiotic misuse and overuse to resistance. Characterization of the lipidomic response to pneumonia and exploring the “lipidomic phenotype” can provide new insight into the underlying mechanisms of pathogenesis and potential avenues for diagnostic and therapeutic treatments. Methods Lipid profiles of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples were generated through untargeted lipidomic profiling analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify possible sources of variations among samples. Partitioning clustering analysis (k-means) was employed to evaluate the existence of distinct lipidomic clusters. Results PCA showed that BALF lipidomes differed significantly between CAP (n = 52) and controls (n = 68, including 35 healthy volunteers and 33 patients with non-infectious lung diseases); while no clear separation was found between severe CAP and non-severe CAP cases. Lactosylceramides were the most prominently elevated lipid constituent in CAP. Clustering analysis revealed three separate lipid profiles; subjects in each cluster exhibited significant differences in disease severity, incidence of hypoxemia, percentages of phagocytes in BALF, and serum concentrations of albumin and total cholesterol (all p < 0.05). In addition, SM (d34:1) was negatively related to macrophage (adjusted r = − 0.462, p < 0.0001) and PE (18:1p/20:4) was positively correlated with polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) percentages of BALF (adjusted r = 0.541, p < 0.0001). The 30-day mortality did not differ amongst three clusters (p < 0.05). Conclusions Our data suggest that specific lower airway lipid composition is related to different intensities of host inflammatory responses, and may contribute to functionally relevant shifts in disease pathogenesis in CAP individuals. These findings argue for the need to tailor therapy based on specific lipid profiles and related inflammatory status. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03093220). Registered on 28 March 2017 (retrospectively registered). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12931-019-1028-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Zheng
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Ning
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiongzhen Luo
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun He
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Yu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- National Protein Science Technology Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yusheng Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Sciences and Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhancheng Gao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
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97
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Macedo F, Dos Santos LS, Glezer I, da Cunha FM. Brain Innate Immune Response in Diet-Induced Obesity as a Paradigm for Metabolic Influence on Inflammatory Signaling. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:342. [PMID: 31068773 PMCID: PMC6491681 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a predisposing factor for numerous morbidities, including those affecting the central nervous system. Hypothalamic inflammation is a hallmark of obesity and is believed to participate in the onset and progression of the obese phenotype, by promoting changes in neuronal functions involved in the control of metabolism. The activation of brain immune cells in the hypothalamus, which are represented by microglia and brain macrophages, is associated with obesity and has been the focus of intense research. Despite the significant body of knowledge gathered on this topic, obesity-induced metabolic changes in brain cells involved in innate immune responses are still poorly characterized due, at least in part, to limitations in the existing experimental methods. Since the metabolic state influences immune responses of microglia and other myeloid cells, the understanding and characterization of the effects of cellular metabolism on the functions of these cells, and their impact on brain integrity, are crucial for the development of efficient therapeutic interventions for individuals exposed to a long-term high fat diet (HFD). Here we review and speculate on the cellular basis that may underlie the observed changes in the reactivity and metabolism of the innate immune cells of the brain in diet-induced obesity (DIO), and discuss important points that deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Macedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas Souza Dos Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isaias Glezer
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Marques da Cunha
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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98
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Bowman ER, Kulkarni M, Gabriel J, Cichon MJ, Riedl K, Belury MA, Lake JE, Richardson B, Cameron C, Cameron M, Koletar SL, Lederman MM, Sieg SF, Funderburg NT. Altered Lipidome Composition Is Related to Markers of Monocyte and Immune Activation in Antiretroviral Therapy Treated Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection and in Uninfected Persons. Front Immunol 2019; 10:785. [PMID: 31040846 PMCID: PMC6477036 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: HIV infection and antiretroviral therapy (ART) have both been linked to dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Alterations in the composition of saturated (SaFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acids are related to inflammation and CVD progression in HIV-uninfected (HIV-) populations. The relationships among the lipidome and markers of monocyte and immune activation in HIV-infected (HIV+) individuals are not well understood. Methods: Concentrations of serum lipids and their fatty acid composition were measured by direct infusion-tandem mass spectrometry in samples from 20 ART-treated HIV+ individuals and 20 HIV- individuals. Results: HIV+ individuals had increased levels of free fatty acids (FFAs) with enrichment of SaFAs, including palmitic acid (16:0) and stearic acid (18:0), and these levels were directly associated with markers of monocyte (CD40, HLA-DR, TLR4, CD36) and serum inflammation (LBP, CRP). PUFA levels were reduced significantly in HIV+ individuals, and many individual PUFA species levels were inversely related to markers of monocyte activation, such as tissue factor, TLR4, CD69, and SR-A. Also in HIV+ individuals, the composition of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) was enriched for SaFAs; LPC species containing SaFAs were directly associated with IL-6 levels and monocyte activation. We similarly observed direct relationships between levels of SaFAs and inflammation in HIV uninfected individuals. Further, SaFA exposure altered monocyte subset phenotypes and inflammatory cytokine production in vitro. Conclusions: The lipidome is altered in ART-treated HIV infection, and may contribute to inflammation and CVD progression. Detailed lipidomic analyses may better assess CVD risk in both HIV+ and HIV- individuals than does traditional lipid profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Bowman
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Manjusha Kulkarni
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Janelle Gabriel
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Morgan J Cichon
- Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kenneth Riedl
- Personalized Food and Nutritional Metabolomics for Health Discovery Theme, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Martha A Belury
- Department of Human Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jordan E Lake
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brian Richardson
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Cheryl Cameron
- Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Mark Cameron
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Susan L Koletar
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Michael M Lederman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Scott F Sieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Case Western Reserve University/University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas T Funderburg
- Division of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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99
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Piccolis M, Bond LM, Kampmann M, Pulimeno P, Chitraju C, Jayson CBK, Vaites LP, Boland S, Lai ZW, Gabriel KR, Elliott SD, Paulo JA, Harper JW, Weissman JS, Walther TC, Farese RV. Probing the Global Cellular Responses to Lipotoxicity Caused by Saturated Fatty Acids. Mol Cell 2019; 74:32-44.e8. [PMID: 30846318 PMCID: PMC7696670 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2019.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Excessive levels of saturated fatty acids are toxic to cells, although the basis for this lipotoxicity remains incompletely understood. Here, we analyzed the transcriptome, lipidome, and genetic interactions of human leukemia cells exposed to palmitate. Palmitate treatment increased saturated glycerolipids, accompanied by a transcriptional stress response, including upregulation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. A comprehensive genome-wide short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screen identified >350 genes modulating lipotoxicity. Among previously unknown genetic modifiers of lipotoxicity, depletion of RNF213, a putative ubiquitin ligase mutated in Moyamoya vascular disease, protected cells from lipotoxicity. On a broader level, integration of our comprehensive datasets revealed that changes in di-saturated glycerolipids, but not other lipid classes, are central to lipotoxicity in this model. Consistent with this, inhibition of ER-localized glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase activity protected from all aspects of lipotoxicity. Identification of genes modulating the response to saturated fatty acids may reveal novel therapeutic strategies for treating metabolic diseases linked to lipotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuele Piccolis
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura M Bond
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Martin Kampmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Pamela Pulimeno
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Chandramohan Chitraju
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Christina B K Jayson
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Laura P Vaites
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Sebastian Boland
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zon Weng Lai
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Katlyn R Gabriel
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Shane D Elliott
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - J Wade Harper
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Weissman
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Research and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Tobias C Walther
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Robert V Farese
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
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100
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Saturated fatty acids induce NLRP3 activation in human macrophages through K + efflux resulting from phospholipid saturation and Na, K-ATPase disruption. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:1017-1030. [PMID: 30953761 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in Western diet-induced systemic inflammation and was recently shown to mediate long-lasting trained immunity in myeloid cells. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) are sterile triggers able to induce the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome in macrophages, leading to IL-1β secretion while unsaturated ones (UFAs) prevent SFAs-mediated NLRP3 activation. Unlike previous studies using LPS-primed bone marrow derived macrophages, we do not see any ROS or IRE-1α involvement in SFAs-mediated NLRP3 activation in human monocytes-derived macrophages. Rather we show that SFAs need to enter the cells and to be activated into acyl-CoA to lead to NLRP3 activation in human macrophages. However, their β-oxidation is dispensable. Instead, they are channeled towards phospholipids but redirected towards lipid droplets containing triacylglycerol in the presence of UFAs. Lipidomic analyses and Laurdan fluorescence experiments demonstrate that SFAs induce a dramatic saturation of phosphatidylcholine (PC) correlated with a loss of membrane fluidity, both events inhibited by UFAs. The silencing of CCTα, the key enzyme in PC synthesis, prevents SFA-mediated NLRP3 activation, demonstrating the essential role of the de novo PC synthesis. This SFA-induced membrane remodeling promotes a disruption of the plasma membrane Na, K-ATPase, instigating a K+ efflux essential and sufficient for NLRP3 activation. This work opens novel therapeutic avenues to interfere with Western diet-associated diseases such as those targeting the glycerolipid pathway.
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