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Macrophage depletion alters bacterial gut microbiota partly through fungal overgrowth in feces that worsens cecal ligation and puncture sepsis mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9345. [PMID: 35661720 PMCID: PMC9167291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13098-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Because macrophage dysfunction from some emerging therapies might worsen gut-derived sepsis, cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) sepsis are performed in mice with clodronate-induced macrophage depletion. Macrophage depletion (non-sepsis) increased fecal Ascormycota, with a subtle change in bacterial microbiota, that possibly induced gut-barrier defect as Candida pintolopesii and Enterococcus faecalis were identified from blood. Sepsis in macrophage-depleted mice was more severe than sepsis control as indicated by mortality, cytokines, organ injury (liver, kidney, and spleen), gut-leakage (FITC-dextran), fecal Proteobacteria, and blood organisms (bacteria and fungi). Lysate of C. pintolopesii or purified (1 → 3)-β-d-glucan (BG; a major component of fungal cell wall) enhanced growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli that were isolated from the blood of macrophage-depleted CLP mice implying a direct enhancer to some bacterial species. Moreover, the synergy of LPS and BG on enterocytes (Caco-2) (Transepithelial electrical resistance) and neutrophils (cytokines) also supported an influence of gut fungi in worsening sepsis. In conclusion, macrophage depletion enhanced sepsis through the selectively facilitated growth of some bacteria (dysbiosis) from increased fecal fungi that worsened gut-leakage leading to the profound systemic responses against gut-translocated LPS and BG. Our data indicated a possible adverse effect of macrophage-depleted therapies on enhanced sepsis severity through spontaneous elevation of fecal fungi.
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Khalighi M, Sommeria-Klein G, Gonze D, Faust K, Lahti L. Quantifying the impact of ecological memory on the dynamics of interacting communities. PLoS Comput Biol 2022; 18:e1009396. [PMID: 35658019 PMCID: PMC9200327 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ecological memory refers to the influence of past events on the response of an ecosystem to exogenous or endogenous changes. Memory has been widely recognized as a key contributor to the dynamics of ecosystems and other complex systems, yet quantitative community models often ignore memory and its implications. Recent modeling studies have shown how interactions between community members can lead to the emergence of resilience and multistability under environmental perturbations. We demonstrate how memory can be introduced in such models using the framework of fractional calculus. We study how the dynamics of a well-characterized interaction model is affected by gradual increases in ecological memory under varying initial conditions, perturbations, and stochasticity. Our results highlight the implications of memory on several key aspects of community dynamics. In general, memory introduces inertia into the dynamics. This favors species coexistence under perturbation, enhances system resistance to state shifts, mitigates hysteresis, and can affect system resilience both ways depending on the time scale considered. Memory also promotes long transient dynamics, such as long-standing oscillations and delayed regime shifts, and contributes to the emergence and persistence of alternative stable states. Our study highlights the fundamental role of memory in communities, and provides quantitative tools to introduce it in ecological models and analyse its impact under varying conditions. An ecosystem is said to exhibit ecological memory when its future states do not only depend on its current state but also on its initial state and trajectory. Memory may arise through various mechanisms as organisms adapt to their environment, modify it, and accumulate biotic and abiotic material. It may also emerge from phenotypic heterogeneity at the population level. Despite its commonness in nature, ecological memory and its potential influence on ecosystem dynamics have been so far overlooked in many applied contexts. Here, we use modeling to investigate how memory can influence the dynamics, composition, and stability landscape of communities. We incorporate long-term memory effects into a multi-species model recently introduced to investigate alternative stable states in microbial communities. We assess the impact of memory on key aspects of model behavior and further examine our findings using a model parameterized by empirical data from the human gut microbiota. Our approach for modeling long-term memory and studying its implications has the potential to improve our understanding of microbial community dynamics and ultimately our ability to predict, manipulate, and experimentally design microbial ecosystems. It could also be applied more broadly in the study of systems composed of interacting components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moein Khalighi
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail: (MK); (LL)
| | | | - Didier Gonze
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Faculté des Sciences CP 231, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karoline Faust
- Laboratory of Molecular Bacteriology (Rega Institute), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Leo Lahti
- Department of Computing, Faculty of Technology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- * E-mail: (MK); (LL)
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Merana GR, Dwyer LR, Dhariwala MO, Weckel A, Gonzalez JR, Okoro JN, Cohen JN, Tamaki CM, Han J, Tasoff P, Palacios-Calderon Y, Ha CWY, Lynch SV, Segre JA, Kong HH, Kattah MG, Ma A, Scharschmidt TC. Intestinal inflammation alters the antigen-specific immune response to a skin commensal. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110891. [PMID: 35649365 PMCID: PMC9248974 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident microbes in skin and gut predominantly impact local immune cell function during homeostasis. However, colitis-associated neutrophilic skin disorders suggest possible breakdown of this compartmentalization with disease. Using a model wherein neonatal skin colonization by Staphylococcus epidermidis facilitates generation of commensal-specific tolerance and CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs), we ask whether this response is perturbed by gut inflammation. Chemically induced colitis is accompanied by intestinal expansion of S. epidermidis and reduces gut-draining lymph node (dLN) commensal-specific Tregs. It also results in reduced commensal-specific Tregs in skin and skin-dLNs and increased skin neutrophils. Increased CD4+ circulation between gut and skin dLN suggests that the altered cutaneous response is initiated in the colon, and resistance to colitis-induced effects in Cd4creIl1r1fl/fl mice implicate interleukin (IL)-1 in mediating the altered commensal-specific response. These findings provide mechanistic insight into observed connections between inflammatory skin and intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geil R Merana
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Laura R Dwyer
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Miqdad O Dhariwala
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Antonin Weckel
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeanmarie R Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Biomedical Sciences Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Joy N Okoro
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jarish N Cohen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Courtney M Tamaki
- Parnassus Flow Cytometry CoLab, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, 94143, USA
| | - Jungmin Han
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Preston Tasoff
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | | | - Connie W Y Ha
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Susan V Lynch
- Benioff Center for Microbiome Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Julia A Segre
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Heidi H Kong
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael G Kattah
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Averil Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tiffany C Scharschmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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54
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Lu Q, Stappenbeck TS. Local barriers configure systemic communications between the host and microbiota. Science 2022; 376:950-955. [PMID: 35617395 DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Associations between the dynamic community of microbes (the microbiota) and the host they colonize appear to be vital for ensuring host health. Microbe-host communication is actively maintained across physiological barriers of various body sites and is mediated by a range of bidirectional secreted proteins and small molecules. So far, a range of "omics" methods have succeeded in revealing the multiplicity of associations between members of a microbiota and a wide range of host processes and diseases. Although these advances point to possibilities for treating disease, there has not been much translational success thus far. We know little about which organisms are key contributors to host health, the importance of strain differences, and the activities of much of the chemical "soup" that is produced by the microbiota. Adding to this complexity are emerging hints of the role of interkingdom interactions between bacteria, phages, protozoa, and/or fungi in regulating the microbiota-host interactions. Functional approaches, although experimentally challenging, could be the next step to unlocking the power of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhe Lu
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Thaddeus S Stappenbeck
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Adamkova P, Hradicka P, Kupcova Skalnikova H, Cizkova V, Vodicka P, Farkasova Iannaccone S, Kassayova M, Gancarcikova S, Demeckova V. Dextran Sulphate Sodium Acute Colitis Rat Model: A Suitable Tool for Advancing Our Understanding of Immune and Microbial Mechanisms in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Vet Sci 2022; 9:238. [PMID: 35622766 PMCID: PMC9147231 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9050238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of disorders causing inflammation in the digestive tract. Recent data suggest that dysbiosis may play a pivotal role in the IBD pathogenesis. As microbiome-based therapeutics that modulate the gut ecology have been proposed as a novel strategy for preventing IBD, the aim of presenting study was to evaluate the dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) rat model mainly in terms of microbial shifts to confirm its suitability for dysbiosis study in IBD. Acute colitis was induced using 5% DSS solution for seven days and rats were euthanized five days after DSS removal. The faecal/caecal microbiota was analyzed by next generation sequencing. Disease activity index (DAI) score was evaluated daily. Blood and colon tissue immunophenotyping was assessed by flow cytometry and histological, haematological, and biochemical parameters were also evaluated. The colitis induction was reflected in a significantly higher DAI score and changes in all parameters measured. This study demonstrated significant shifts in the colitis-related microbial species after colitis induction. The characteristic inflammation-associated microbiota could be detected even after a five day-recovery period. Moreover, the DSS-model might contribute to an understanding of the effect of different treatments on extraintestinal organ impairments. The observation that certain bacterial species in the gut microbiota are associated with colitis raises the question of whether these organisms are contributors to, or a consequence of the disease. Despite some limitations, we confirmed the suitability of DSS-induced colitis model to monitor microbial changes during acute colitis, in order to test attractive new microbiome-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Adamkova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (P.A.); (P.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Petra Hradicka
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (P.A.); (P.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Helena Kupcova Skalnikova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (H.K.S.); (V.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Veronika Cizkova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (H.K.S.); (V.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Petr Vodicka
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic; (H.K.S.); (V.C.); (P.V.)
| | - Silvia Farkasova Iannaccone
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Monika Kassayova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (P.A.); (P.H.); (M.K.)
| | - Sona Gancarcikova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, 041 81 Kosice, Slovakia;
| | - Vlasta Demeckova
- Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology and Ecology, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia; (P.A.); (P.H.); (M.K.)
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56
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Aguanno D, Metwaly A, Coleman OI, Haller D. Modeling microbiota-associated human diseases: from minimal models to complex systems. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2022; 1:17. [PMID: 38046357 PMCID: PMC10688821 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2022.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in the intestinal microbiota are associated with various human diseases of the digestive system, including obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), and colorectal cancer (CRC). All three diseases are characterized by modifications of the richness, composition, and metabolic functions of the human intestinal microbiota. Despite being multi-factorial diseases, studies in germ-free animal models have unarguably identified the intestinal microbiota as a causal driver of disease pathogenesis. However, for an increased mechanistic understanding of microbial signatures in human diseases, models require detailed refinement to closely mimic the human microbiota and reflect the complexity and range of dysbiosis observed in patients. The transplantation of human fecal microbiota into animal models represents a powerful tool for studying the causal and functional role of the dysbiotic human microbiome in a pathological context. While human microbiota-associated models were initially employed to study obesity, an increasing number of studies have applied this approach in the context of IBD and CRC over the past decade. In this review, we discuss different approaches that allow the functional validation of the bacterial contribution to human diseases, with emphasis on obesity and its associated metabolic diseases, IBD, and CRC. We discuss the utility of simple models, such as in vitro fermentation systems of the human microbiota and ex vivo intestinal organoids, as well as more complex whole organism models. Our focus here lies on human microbiota-associated mouse models in the context of all three diseases, as well as highlighting the advantages and limitations of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doriane Aguanno
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Amira Metwaly
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Olivia I. Coleman
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
| | - Dirk Haller
- Chair of Nutrition and Immunology, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
- ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, Technical University of Munich, Freising 85354, Germany
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57
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Hu S, Mok J, Gowans M, Ong DEH, Hartono JL, Lee JWJ. Oral Microbiome of Crohn's Disease Patients With and Without Oral Manifestations. J Crohns Colitis 2022; 16:1628-1636. [PMID: 35511486 PMCID: PMC9624293 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Microbiome dysbiosis is associated with inflammatory destruction in Crohn's disease [CD]. Although gut microbiome dysbiosis is well established in CD, the oral microbiome is comparatively under-studied. This study aims to characterize the oral microbiome of CD patients with/without oral manifestations. METHODS Patients with CD were recruited with age-, gender- and race-matched controls. Potential confounders such as dental caries and periodontal condition were recorded. The oral microbiome was collected using saliva samples. Microbial DNA was extracted and sequenced using shotgun sequencing. Metagenomic taxonomic and functional profiles were generated and analysed. RESULTS The study recruited 41 patients with CD and 24 healthy controls. Within the CD subjects, 39.0% had oral manifestations with the majority presenting with cobblestoning and/or oral ulcers. Principal coordinate analysis demonstrated distinct oral microbiome profiles between subjects with and without CD, with four key variables responsible for overall oral microbiome variance: [1] diagnosis of CD, [2] concomitant use of steroids, [3] concomitant use of azathioprine and 4] presence of oral ulcers. Thirty-two significant differentially abundant microbial species were identified, with the majority associated with the diagnosis of CD. A predictive model based on differences in the oral microbiome found that the oral microbiome has strong discriminatory function to distinguish subjects with and without CD [AUROC 0.84]. Functional analysis found that an increased representation of microbial enzymes [n = 5] in the butyrate pathway was positively associated with the presence of oral ulcers. CONCLUSIONS The oral microbiome can aid in the diagnosis of CD and its composition was associated with oral manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Hu
- Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - John Mok
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Michelle Gowans
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - David E H Ong
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Juanda Leo Hartono
- Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore,Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jonathan Wei Jie Lee
- Corresponding author: Jonathan Wei Jie Lee, Division of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, National University Hospital, Singapore, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Rd, Singapore 119074, Singapore.
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58
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He J, Guo K, Chen Q, Wang Y, Jirimutu. Camel milk modulates the gut microbiota and has anti-inflammatory effects in a mouse model of colitis. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3782-3793. [PMID: 35248376 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Camel milk is a nutritionally rich food that shows anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and gut microbiota maintenance properties. However, the relationship between camel milk and the intestinal microbiota during colitis is unclear. Herein, we evaluated the protective effect of camel milk in mice with colitis induced using dextran sodium sulfate. Our results showed that camel milk can prevent body weight loss and colon shortening, reduce the disease activity index, and attenuate colon tissue damage. Additionally, camel milk could reduce the overexpression of inflammatory factors, inhibit the apoptosis of intestinal epithelial cells, and promote the expression of claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 proteins. Moreover, camel milk effectively regulated intestinal microbiota in mice with colitis by increasing the gut microbiota diversity, increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as g_norank_f_Muribaculaceae, and Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group), and reducing the number of harmful bacteria (Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella). In addition, camel milk increased the levels of intestinal short-chain fatty acids. The results of the present study demonstrated that via regulating the intestinal microbiota, maintaining intestinal barrier function, and inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines, camel milk can ameliorate dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing He
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
| | - Kunjie Guo
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China
| | - Jirimutu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, 010010, China; Camel Research Institute of Inner Mongolia, Alashan, Inner Mongolia, 750330, China.
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Haskey N, Ye J, Estaki M, Verdugo Meza AA, Barnett JA, Yousefi M, Birnie BW, Gruenheid S, Ghosh S, Gibson DL. A Mediterranean-like fat blend protects against the development of severe colitis in the mucin-2 deficient murine model. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2055441. [PMID: 35471119 PMCID: PMC9045830 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2055441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing appreciation that the interaction between diet, the gut microbiota and the immune system contribute to the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A mounting body of scientific evidence suggests that high-fat diets exacerbate IBD; however, there is a lack of information on how specific types of fat impact colitis. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is considered a health-promoting diet containing approximately 40% total fat. It is not known if the blend of fats found in the MD contributes to its beneficial protective effects. Mice deficient in the mucin 2 gene (Muc 2-/-) were weaned to 40% fat, isocaloric, isonitrogenous diets. We compared the MD fat blend (high monounsaturated, 2:1 n-6:n-3 polyunsaturated and moderate saturated fat) to diets composed of corn oil (CO, n-6 polyunsaturated-rich), olive oil (monounsaturated-rich) or milk fat (MF, saturated-rich) on spontaneous colitis development in Muc2-/- mice. The MD resulted in lower clinical and histopathological scores and induced tolerogenic CD103+ CD11b+ dendritic, Th22 and IL-17+ IL-22+ cells necessary for intestinal barrier repair. The MD was associated with beneficial microbes and associated with higher cecal acetic acid levels negatively correlated with colitogenic microbes like Akkermansia muciniphila. In contrast, CO showed a higher prevalence of mucin-degraders including A. muciniphila and Enterobacteriaceae, which have been associated with colitis. A dietary blend of fats mimicking the MD, reduces disease activity, inflammation-related biomarkers and improves metabolic parameters in the Muc2-/- mouse model. Our findings suggest that the MD fat blend could be incorporated into a maintenance diet for colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jiayu Ye
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mehrbod Estaki
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrea A. Verdugo Meza
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A. Barnett
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mitra Yousefi
- The Center for Phenogenomics Infection & McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Blake W. Birnie
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Samantha Gruenheid
- Associate Professor - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L. Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus; Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia - Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada,CONTACT Deanna L. Gibson ASC 368, 3187University Way Kelowna, BCCanadaV1V 1V7250-807-8790; 250-807-8001
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Bergstrom K, Xia L. The barrier and beyond: Roles of intestinal mucus and mucin-type O-glycosylation in resistance and tolerance defense strategies guiding host-microbe symbiosis. Gut Microbes 2022; 14:2052699. [PMID: 35380912 PMCID: PMC8986245 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2052699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, our appreciation of the gut mucus has moved from a static lubricant to a dynamic and essential component of the gut ecosystem that not only mediates the interface between host tissues and vast microbiota, but regulates how this ecosystem functions to promote mutualistic symbioses and protect from microbe-driven diseases. By delving into the complex chemistry and biology of the mucus, combined with innovative in vivo and ex vivo approaches, recent studies have revealed novel insights into the formation and function of the mucus system, the O-glycans that make up this system, and how they mediate two major host-defense strategies - resistance and tolerance - to reduce damage caused by indigenous microbes and opportunistic pathogens. This current review summarizes these findings by highlighting the emerging roles of mucus and mucin-type O-glycans in influencing host and microbial physiology with an emphasis on host defense strategies against bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk Bergstrom
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, British ColumbiaV1V 1V7, Canada,Kirk Bergstrom Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, 3333 University Way, Kelowna, B.C. Canada
| | - Lijun Xia
- Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA,CONTACT Lijun Xia Cardiovascular Biology Research Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, OK, Oklahoma73104, USA
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Robeson MS, Manna K, Randolph C, Byrum S, Hakkak R. Short-Term Metformin Treatment Enriches Bacteroides dorei in an Obese Liver Steatosis Zucker Rat Model. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:834776. [PMID: 35432282 PMCID: PMC9006818 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.834776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is the leading cause of health-related diseases in the United States and World. Previously, we reported that obesity can change gut microbiota using the Zucker rat model. Metformin is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent approved by the FDA to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adults and children older than 10 years of age. The correlation of short-term metformin treatment and specific alterations to the gut microbiota in obese models is less known. Short-term metformin has been shown to reduce liver steatosis. Here we investigate the effects of short-term metformin treatment on population of gut microbiota profile in an obese rat model. Five week old obese (n = 12) female Zucker rats after 1 week of acclimation, received AIN-93 G diet for 8 weeks and then rats were randomly assigned into two groups (6 rats/group): (1) obese without metformin (ObC), or (2) obese with metformin (ObMet). Metformin was mixed with AIN-93G diet at 1,000 mg/kg of diet. Rats were weighed twice per week. All rats were sacrificed at the end of metformin treatment at 10 weeks and fecal samples were collected and kept at -80°C. Total microbial DNA was collected directly from the fecal samples used for shotgun-metagenomics sequencing and subsequently analyzed using MetaPlAn and HUMAnN. After stringent data filtering and quality control we found significant differences (p = 0.0007) in beta diversity (Aitchison distances) between the ObC vs. ObMet groups. Supervised and unsupervised analysis of the log-ratios Bacteroides dorei and B. massiliensis vs. all other Bacteroides spp., revealed that B. dorei and B. massiliensis were enriched in the ObMet group, while the remaining Bacteroides spp. where enriched in the ObC group (p = 0.002). The contributional diversity of pathways is also significantly associated by treatment group (p = 0.008). In summary, in the obese Zucker rat model, short-term metformin treatment changes the gut microbiota profile, particularly altering the composition Bacteroides spp. between ObC and ObMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S. Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Kanishka Manna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | | | - Stephanie Byrum
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Arkansas Children’s Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
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Shaughnessy MP, Park CJ, Salvi PS, Cowles RA. Jejunoileal mucosal growth in mice with a limited microbiome. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266251. [PMID: 35349599 PMCID: PMC8963542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous work demonstrated enhanced enterocyte proliferation and mucosal growth in gnotobiotic mice, suggesting that intestinal flora participate in mucosal homeostasis. Furthermore, broad-spectrum enteral antibiotics are known to induce near germ-free (GF) conditions in mice with conventional flora (CONV). We hypothesized that inducing near GF conditions with broad-spectrum enteral antibiotics would cause ordered small intestinal mucosal growth in CONV mice but would have no effect in GF mice with no inherent microbiome. C57BL/6J CONV and GF mice received either an antibiotic solution (Ampicillin, Ciprofloxacin, Metronidazole, Vancomycin, Meropenem) or a vehicle alone. After treatment, small intestinal villus height (VH), crypt depth (CD), mucosal surface area (MSA), crypt proliferation index (CPI), apoptosis, and villus and crypt cell types were assessed. Antibiotic-treated CONV (Abx-CONV) mice had taller villi, deeper crypts, increased CPI, increased apoptosis, and greater MSA compared to vehicle-treated CONV mice. Minor differences were noted in enterocyte and enterochromaffin cell proportions between groups, but goblet and Paneth cell proportions were unchanged in Abx-CONV mice compared to vehicle-treated CONV mice (p>0.05). Antibiotics caused no significant changes in VH or MSA in GF mice when compared to vehicle-treated GF mice (p>0.05). Enteral administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics to mice with a conventional microbiome stimulates ordered small intestinal mucosal growth. Mucosal growth was not seen in germ-free mice treated with antibiotics, implying that intestinal mucosal growth is associated with change in the microbiome in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew P. Shaughnessy
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Christine J. Park
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Pooja S. Salvi
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Cowles
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Wu S, Wu Q, Wang J, Li Y, Chen B, Zhu Z, Huang R, Chen M, Huang A, Xie Y, Jiao C, Ding Y. Novel Selenium Peptides Obtained from Selenium-Enriched Cordyceps militaris Alleviate Neuroinflammation and Gut Microbiota Dysbacteriosis in LPS-Injured Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:3194-3206. [PMID: 35238567 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attention focuses on the relationship between neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease (AD). The reports on the microbiota-gut-brain axis reveal that the regulation by gut microbiota is an effective way to intervene in neuroinflammation-related AD. In this study, two novel selenium peptides (Se-Ps), VPRKL(Se)M (Se-P1) and RYNA(Se)MNDYT (Se-P2), with neuroprotection effects were obtained from Se-enriched Cordyceps militaris. Se-P1 and Se-P2 pre-protection led to a 30 and 33% increase in the PC-12 cell viability compared to the damage group, respectively. Moreover, Se-Ps exhibited a significant pre-protection against LPS-induced inflammatory and oxidative stress in the colon and brain by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (p < 0.05) and malondialdehyde, as well as promoting anti-inflammatory cytokine level and antioxidant enzyme activity (p < 0.05), which may alleviate the cognitive impairment in LPS-injured mice (p < 0.05). Se-Ps not only repaired the intestinal mucosa damage of LPS-injured mice but also had a positive effect on gut microbiota dysbacteriosis by increasing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Alistipes and decreasing the abundance of Akkermansia and Bacteroides. Collectively, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and regulating properties on gut microflora of Se-Ps contribute to their neuroprotection, supporting that Se-Ps could be a promising dietary supplement in the prevention and/or treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujian Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Qingping Wu
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Yangfu Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Bo Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Mengfei Chen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Aohuan Huang
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
- Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510070, P.R. China
| | - Yizhen Xie
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Mushroom Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Chunwei Jiao
- Guangdong Yuewei Edible Mushroom Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510700, P.R. China
| | - Yu Ding
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science & Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
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Sheh A, Artim SC, Burns MA, Molina-Mora JA, Lee MA, Dzink-Fox J, Muthupalani S, Fox JG. Analysis of gut microbiome profiles in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) in health and intestinal disease. Sci Rep 2022; 12:4430. [PMID: 35292670 PMCID: PMC8924212 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-08255-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are the most common diseases in captive common marmosets. To understand the role of the microbiome in GI diseases, we characterized the gut microbiome of 91 healthy marmosets (303 samples) and 59 marmosets diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (200 samples). Healthy marmosets exhibited "humanized," Bacteroidetes-dominant microbiomes. After up to 2 years of standardized diet, housing and husbandry, marmoset microbiomes could be classified into four distinct marmoset sources based on Prevotella and Bacteroides levels. Using a random forest (RF) model, marmosets were classified by source with an accuracy of 93% with 100% sensitivity and 95% specificity using abundance data from 4 Prevotellaceae amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), as well as single ASVs from Coprobacter, Parabacteroides, Paraprevotella, Phascolarctobacterium, Oribacterium and Fusobacterium. A single dysbiotic IBD state was not found across all marmoset sources, but IBD was associated with lower alpha diversity and a lower Bacteroides:Prevotella copri ratio within each source. IBD was highest in a Prevotella-dominant cohort, and consistent with Prevotella-linked diseases, pro-inflammatory genes in the jejunum were upregulated. RF analysis of serum biomarkers identified serum calcium, hemoglobin and red blood cell (RBC) counts as potential biomarkers for marmoset IBD. This study characterizes the microbiome of healthy captive common marmosets and demonstrates that source-specific microbiomes can be retained despite standardized diets and husbandry practices. Marmosets with IBD had decreased alpha diversity and a shift in the ratio of Bacteroides:Prevotella copri compared to healthy marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sheh
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Stephen C Artim
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Merck Research Laboratories, Merck, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monika A Burns
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jose Arturo Molina-Mora
- Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (CIET), Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Mary Anne Lee
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - JoAnn Dzink-Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - James G Fox
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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Deng L, Tan KSW. Interactions between Blastocystis subtype ST4 and gut microbiota in vitro. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:80. [PMID: 35260166 PMCID: PMC8902775 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05194-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blastocystis ST4 is a common protistan parasite of the gastrointestinal tract of humans and a wide range of animals. While it has been suggested that colonization with ST4 is associated with healthy gut microbiota, how ST4 influences the gut microbiota remains poorly studied. This study aimed to examine the interactions between ST4 and several intestinal bacteria using in vitro co-culture systems, and to further investigate the mechanism of interaction and its effect on the epithelial barrier integrity of HT-29 cells. METHODS Seven intestinal bacteria Bacteroides fragilis, Bifidobacterium longum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Lactobacillus brevis were co-cultured with Blastocystis ST4 in vitro. Flow cytometry and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were used to determine the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and bacteria oxidoreductase genes, respectively, in response to Blastocystis co-incubation. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and flux assays were performed to assess the effect of microbiota representatives on the integrity of the intestinal epithelial barrier. RESULTS Co-incubation with Blastocystis ST4 showed a beneficial influence on most intestinal bacteria, while ST4 significantly inhibited the growth of B. vulgatus, a common pathogen in the genus Bacteroides. The decrease in B. vulgatus when co-incubated with Blastocystis ST4 was associated with high levels of ROS and the upregulation of oxidative stress-related genes. Furthermore, co-incubation with Blastocystis ST4 was able to protect the intestinal epithelial barrier from damage by B. vulgatus. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated, for the first time, that Blastocystis ST4 has beneficial effects on intestinal commensal bacteria in vitro, and can inhibit the growth of pathogenic B. vulgatus. Combined with previous microbiome research on ST4, our data suggest that ST4 may be a beneficial commensal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Deng
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore
| | - Kevin S W Tan
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117545, Singapore.
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Loman BR, Russart KLG, Grant CV, Lynch AJ, Bailey MT, Pyter LM. Mammary tumors alter the fecal bacteriome and permit enteric bacterial translocation. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:245. [PMID: 35248004 PMCID: PMC8897840 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09274-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cancer patients experience gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms, and are at increased risk of systemic infection and inflammation. These conditions are a major source of morbidity and decreased quality of life prior to cancer treatment, but poorly defined etiologies impede successful treatment. The gastrointestinal microbiota shape inflammation, influence cancer progression and treatment, and colonize tumors. However, research has not directly determined if peripheral tumors influence the microbiome and intestinal physiology, thus influencing gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine consequences of orthotopic, syngeneic mammary tumor implantation, growth, and resection on fecal bacteriome composition and intestinal barrier function in relation to systemic inflammation and enteric bacterial translocation in mice. Methods Female mice were randomized to 3 experimental groups: sham surgical control, tumor recipients, and tumor recipients later receiving tumor-resection. Mice were sacrificed three weeks after tumor implantation or resection for collection of stool, colon, spleen, and brain tissue and analysis. Results Tumor-bearing mice exhibited several markers of colonic barrier disruption, including dampened expression of tight junction proteins (Cldn1 and Ocln) and elevated circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). Compromised colonic barrier integrity was associated with altered fecal bacterial profiles in tumor-mice, including lower relative abundance of Lactobacillus, but higher Bacteroides. Consistent with colonic barrier disruption and altered microbiomes, tumor-mice displayed markers of systemic inflammation including splenomegaly, higher splenic bacterial load, and elevated splenic and brain pro-inflammatory cytokines. Several bacteria cultured from spleens had 16S rRNA gene amplicons matching those in fecal samples, suggesting they were of intestinal origin. Fecal Lactobacillus was highly-interrelated to physiological parameters disrupted by tumors via correlation network analysis. Tumor resection ameliorated circulating LBP, splenomegaly, and splenic cytokines, but not other parameters associated with loss of colonic barrier integrity and bacterial translocation. Conclusions Orthotopic mammary tumors alter the microbiome, reduce intestinal barrier function, increase translocation of enteric bacteria, and alter systemic inflammation. This provides insight into how tumors commence gastrointestinal and behavioral symptoms prior to treatment, and identify targets for future therapeutics, such as probiotic Lactobacillus supplementation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-022-09274-0.
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Tian F, Huang S, Xu W, Chen L, Su J, Ni H, Feng X, Chen J, Wang X, Huang Q. Compound K attenuates hyperglycemia by enhancing glucagon-like peptide-1 secretion through activating TGR5 via the remodeling of gut microbiota and bile acid metabolism. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:780-789. [PMID: 36312739 PMCID: PMC9597441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Incretin impairment, characterized by insufficient secretion of L-cell-derived glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), is a defining step of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ginsenoside compound K (CK) can stimulate GLP-1 secretion; however, the potential mechanism underlying this effect has not been established. Methods CK (40 mg/kg) was administered orally to male db/db mice for 4 weeks. The body weight, oral glucose tolerance, GLP-1 secretion, gut microbiota sequencing, bile acid (BA) profiles, and BA synthesis markers of each subject were then analyzed. Moreover, TGR5 expression was evaluated by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence, and L-cell lineage markers involved in L-cell abundance were analyzed. Results CK ameliorated obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in db/db mice by altering the gut microbiota, especially Ruminococcaceae family, and this changed microbe was positively correlated with secondary BA synthesis. Additionally, CK treatment resulted in the up-regulation of CYP7B1 and CYP27A1 and the down-regulation of CYP8B1, thereby shifting BA biosynthesis from the classical pathway to the alternative pathway. CK altered the BA pool by mainly increasing LCA and DCA. Furthermore, CK induced L-cell number expansion leading to enhanced GLP-1 release through TGR5 activation. These increases were supported by the upregulation of genes governing GLP-1 secretion and L-cell differentiation. Conclusions The results indicate that CK improves glucose homeostasis by increasing L-cell numbers, which enhances GLP-1 release through a mechanism partially mediated by the gut microbiota-BA-TGR5 pathway. Therefore, that therapeutic attempts with CK might be useful for patients with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyuan Tian
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuo Huang
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wangda Xu
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan Chen
- First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianming Su
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haixiang Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. Central Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medicine University, Hangzhou, China
- Corresponding author. Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang, Chinese Medicine University. Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Sartorio MG, Valguarnera E, Hsu FF, Feldman MF. Lipidomics Analysis of Outer Membrane Vesicles and Elucidation of the Inositol Phosphoceramide Biosynthetic Pathway in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0063421. [PMID: 35080445 PMCID: PMC8791184 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00634-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately one-third of the human colonic microbiome is formed by bacteria from the genus Bacteroides. These bacteria produce a large amount of uniformly sized outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which are equipped with hydrolytic enzymes that play a role in the degradation of diet- and host-derived glycans. In this work, we characterize the lipid composition of membranes and OMVs from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron VPI-5482. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis indicated that OMVs carry sphingolipids, glycerophospholipids, and serine-dipeptide lipids. Sphingolipid species represent more than 50% of the total lipid content of OMVs. The most abundant sphingolipids in OMVs are ethanolamine phosphoceramide (EPC) and inositol phosphoceramide (IPC). Bioinformatics analysis allowed the identification of the BT1522-1526 operon putatively involved in IPC synthesis. Mutagenesis studies revealed that BT1522-1526 is essential for the synthesis of phosphatidylinositol (PI) and IPC, confirming the role of this operon in the biosynthesis of IPC. BT1522-1526 mutant strains lacking IPC produced OMVs that were indistinguishable from the wild-type strain, indicating that IPC sphingolipid species are not involved in OMV biogenesis. Given the known role of sphingolipids in immunomodulation, we suggest that OMVs may act as long-distance vehicles for the delivery of sphingolipids in the human gut. IMPORTANCE Sphingolipids are essential membrane lipid components found in eukaryotes that are also involved in cell signaling processes. Although rare in bacteria, sphingolipids are produced by members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, human gut commensals. Here, we determined that OMVs carry sphingolipids and other lipids of known signaling function. Our results demonstrate that the BT1522-1526 operon is required for IPC biosynthesis in B. thetaiotaomicron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G. Sartorio
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Ezequiel Valguarnera
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Fong-Fu Hsu
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Mario F. Feldman
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
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Abstract
Symbiotic bacteria are responsible for the majority of complex carbohydrate digestion in the human colon. Since the identities and amounts of dietary polysaccharides directly impact the gut microbiota, determining which microorganisms consume specific nutrients is central for defining the relationship between diet and gut microbial ecology. Using a custom phenotyping array, we determined carbohydrate utilization profiles for 354 members of the Bacteroidetes, a dominant saccharolytic phylum. There was wide variation in the numbers and types of substrates degraded by individual bacteria, but phenotype-based clustering grouped members of the same species indicating that each species performs characteristic roles. The ability to utilize dietary polysaccharides and endogenous mucin glycans was negatively correlated, suggesting exclusion between these niches. By analyzing related Bacteroides ovatus/Bacteroides xylanisolvens strains that vary in their ability to utilize mucin glycans, we addressed whether gene clusters that confer this complex, multilocus trait are being gained or lost in individual strains. Pangenome reconstruction of these strains revealed a remarkably mosaic architecture in which genes involved in polysaccharide metabolism are highly variable and bioinformatics data provide evidence of interspecies gene transfer that might explain this genomic heterogeneity. Global transcriptomic analyses suggest that the ability to utilize mucin has been lost in some lineages of B. ovatus and B. xylanisolvens, which harbor residual gene clusters that are involved in mucin utilization by strains that still actively express this phenotype. Our data provide insight into the breadth and complexity of carbohydrate metabolism in the microbiome and the underlying genomic events that shape these behaviors. IMPORTANCE Nonharmful bacteria are the primary microbial symbionts that inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract. These bacteria play many beneficial roles and in some cases can modify disease states, making it important to understand which nutrients sustain specific lineages. This knowledge will in turn lead to strategies to intentionally manipulate the gut microbial ecosystem. We designed a scalable, high-throughput platform for measuring the ability of gut bacteria to utilize polysaccharides, of which many are derived from dietary fiber sources that can be manipulated easily. Our results provide paths to expand phenotypic surveys of more diverse gut bacteria to understand their functions and also to leverage dietary fibers to alter the physiology of the gut microbial community.
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Zhang D, Gao X, Li H, Borger DK, Wei Q, Yang E, Xu C, Pinho S, Frenette PS. The microbiota regulates hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions by controlling iron availability in bone marrow. Cell Stem Cell 2022; 29:232-247.e7. [PMID: 35065706 PMCID: PMC8818037 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Host microbiota crosstalk is essential for the production and functional modulation of blood-cell lineages. Whether, and if so how, the microbiota influences hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is unclear. Here, we show that the microbiota regulates HSC self-renewal and differentiation under stress conditions by modulating local iron availability in the bone marrow (BM). In microbiota-depleted mice, HSC self-renewal was enhanced during regeneration, while the commitment toward differentiation was dramatically compromised. Mechanistically, microbiota depletion selectively impaired the recycling of red blood cells (RBCs) by BM macrophages, resulting in reduced local iron levels without affecting systemic iron homeostasis. Limiting iron availability in food (in vivo) or in culture (ex vivo), or by CD169+ macrophage depletion, enhanced HSC self-renewal and expansion. These results reveal an intricate interplay between the microbiota, macrophages, and iron, and their essential roles in regulating critical HSC fate decisions under stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dachuan Zhang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
| | - Xin Gao
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Huihui Li
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Daniel K Borger
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Qiaozhi Wei
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Eva Yang
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Chunliang Xu
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Sandra Pinho
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Paul S Frenette
- Ruth L. and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Albert Einstein Cancer Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
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71
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Gu Y, Li X, Chen H, Sun Y, Yang L, Ma Y, Yong Chan EC. Antidiabetic effects of multi-species probiotic and its fermented milk in mice via restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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72
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Frau A, Ijaz UZ, Slater R, Jonkers D, Penders J, Campbell BJ, Kenny JG, Hall N, Lenzi L, Burkitt MD, Pierik M, Darby AC, Probert CSJ. Inter-kingdom relationships in Crohn's disease explored using a multi-omics approach. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1930871. [PMID: 34241567 PMCID: PMC8274447 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1930871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The etiology of Crohn's disease (CD) is multifactorial. Bacterial and fungal microbiota are involved in the onset and/or progression of the disease. A bacterial dysbiosis in CD patients is accepted; however, less is known about the mycobiome and the relationships between the two communities. We investigated the interkingdom relationships, their metabolic consequences, and the changes in the fungal community during relapse and remission in CD.Two cohorts were evaluated: a British cohort (n = 63) comprising CD and ulcerative colitis patients, and controls. The fungal and bacterial communities of biopsy and fecal samples were analyzed, with the fecal volatiles; datasets were also integrated; and a Dutch cohort (n = 41) comprising CD patients and healthy controls was analyzed for stability of the gut mycobiome.A dysbiosis of the bacterial community was observed in biopsies and stool. Results suggest Bacteroides is likely key in CD and may modulate Candida colonization. A dysbiosis of the fungal community was observed only in the Dutch cohort; Malassezia and Candida were increased in patients taking immunosuppressants. Longitudinal analysis showed an increase in Cyberlindnera in relapse. Saccharomyces was dominant in all fecal samples, but not in biopsies, some of which did not yield fungal reads; amino acid degradation was the main metabolic change associated with CD and both bacteria and fungi might be implicated.We have shown that Bacteroides and yeasts may play a role in CD; understanding their role and relationship in the disease would shed new light on the development and treatment of CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Frau
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,CONTACT Alessandra Frau Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Nuffield Building, Ashton Street, LiverpoolL69 3GE, UK
| | - Umer Z. Ijaz
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK,Umer Z. Ijaz School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rachael Slater
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Daisy Jonkers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - John Penders
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Barry J. Campbell
- Department of Infection & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Neil Hall
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, UK,School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Luca Lenzi
- Centre for Genomic Research, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Michael D. Burkitt
- Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Gastroenterology, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Marieke Pierik
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Alistair C. Darby
- Department of Infection & Microbiomes, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Christopher S. J. Probert
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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73
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Sun Q, Du M, Kang Y, Zhu MJ. Prebiotic effects of goji berry in protection against inflammatory bowel disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-25. [PMID: 34991393 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2015680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is increasing, which is concerning because IBD is a known risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer. Emerging evidence highlights environmental factors, particularly dietary factors and gut microbiota dysbiosis, as pivotal inducers of IBD onset. Goji berry, an ancient tonic food and a nutraceutical supplement, contains a range of phytochemicals such as polysaccharides, carotenoids, and polyphenols. Among these phytochemicals, L. barbarum polysaccharides (LBPs) are the most important functional constituents, which have protective effects against oxidative stress, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. Recently, the beneficial effects of goji berry and associated LBPs consumption were linked to prebiotic effects, which can prevent dysbiosis associated with IBD. This review assessed pertinent literature on the protective effects of goji berry against IBD focusing on the gut microbiota and their metabolites in mediating the observed beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Sun
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Min Du
- Department of Animal Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Yifei Kang
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Mei-Jun Zhu
- School of Food Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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74
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Chen L, Li R, Wang Z, Zhang Z, Wang J, Qiao Y, Huang Y, Liu W. Lactate-utilizing bacteria ameliorates DSS-induced colitis in mice. Life Sci 2022; 288:120179. [PMID: 34838850 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) stem from alterations in the intestinal immune system and microbial dysbiosis, but the precise interactions between bacteria and IBD remain obscure. The commensal microbiota have a profound impact on human health and diseases. Here, we developed a selective culture medium for lactate-utilizing bacteria (LUB) that function as candidate probiotics to ameliorate IBD using a mouse model. Firstly, LUB, including Megasphaera, were enriched from human faeces using a selective medium with lactate. LUB efficiently attenuated the pathology of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS). Next, LUB administration counteracted the dysbiosis associated with the intestinal inflammatory process, and elevated the proportion of Escherichia-Shigella in intestines. Moreover, E. coli isolated from healthy faeces downstream recapitulated lactate-utilizing bacterial community to ameliorate the severity of DSS-induced acute colitis. In conclusion, our finding revealed that LUB were sufficient to exert inflammatory protection against colitis in mice, highlighting a novel therapeutic strategy to use LUB as potentially curable probiotics for therapeutic manipulation for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lirong Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Shanxi 032200, China.
| | - Rong Li
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Ziguang Wang
- First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical College; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Heilongjiang 157000, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Fenyang Hospital, Shanxi 032200, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Jingle County People's Hospital, Shanxi 035100, China
| | - Yuebing Qiao
- College of Basic Medicine, Chengde Medical University, Hebei 067000, China
| | - Yongcun Huang
- First Clinical Medical College, Mudanjiang Medical College; Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical College, Heilongjiang 157000, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management; Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, Anhui 230036, China; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Shanxi Medical University Fenyang College, Shanxi 032200, China.
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75
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Ondee T, Pongpirul K, Janchot K, Kanacharoen S, Lertmongkolaksorn T, Wongsaroj L, Somboonna N, Ngamwongsatit N, Leelahavanichkul A. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum dfa1 Outperforms Enterococcus faecium dfa1 on Anti-Obesity in High Fat-Induced Obesity Mice Possibly through the Differences in Gut Dysbiosis Attenuation, despite the Similar Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010080. [PMID: 35010955 PMCID: PMC8746774 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fat reduction and anti-inflammation are commonly claimed properties of probiotics. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Enterococcus faecium were tested in high fat-induced obesity mice and in vitro experiments. After 16 weeks of probiotics, L. plantarum dfa1 outperforms E. faecium dfa1 on the anti-obesity property as indicated by body weight, regional fat accumulation, serum cholesterol, inflammatory cytokines (in blood and colon tissue), and gut barrier defect (FITC-dextran assay). With fecal microbiome analysis, L. plantarum dfa1 but not E. faecium dfa1 reduced fecal abundance of pathogenic Proteobacteria without an alteration in total Gram-negative bacteria when compared with non-probiotics obese mice. With palmitic acid induction, the condition media from both probiotics similarly attenuated supernatant IL-8, improved enterocyte integrity and down-regulated cholesterol absorption-associated genes in Caco-2 cell (an enterocyte cell line) and reduced supernatant cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6) with normalization of cell energy status (extracellular flux analysis) in bone-marrow-derived macrophages. Due to the anti-inflammatory effect of the condition media of both probiotics on palmitic acid-activated enterocytes was neutralized by amylase, the active anti-inflammatory molecules might, partly, be exopolysaccharides. As L. plantarum dfa1 out-performed E. faecium dfa1 in anti-obesity property, possibly through the reduced fecal Proteobacteria, with a similar anti-inflammatory exopolysaccharide; L. plantarum is a potentially better option for anti-obesity than E. faecium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thunnicha Ondee
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.O.); (K.J.)
| | - Krit Pongpirul
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.O.); (K.J.)
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Bumrungrad International Hospital, Bangkok 10110, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.L.)
| | - Kantima Janchot
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (T.O.); (K.J.)
| | - Suthicha Kanacharoen
- Department of Biology, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Thanapat Lertmongkolaksorn
- Research Management and Development Division, Office of the President, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Lampet Wongsaroj
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (L.W.); (N.S.)
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (L.W.); (N.S.)
- Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natharin Ngamwongsatit
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand;
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Department of Microbiology, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: (K.P.); (A.L.)
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76
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Panpetch W, Visitchanakun P, Saisorn W, Sawatpanich A, Chatthanathon P, Somboonna N, Tumwasorn S, Leelahavanichkul A. Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates Thai chili extracts induced gut inflammation and dysbiosis despite capsaicin bactericidal effect against the probiotics, a possible toxicity of high dose capsaicin. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261189. [PMID: 34941893 PMCID: PMC8699716 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of a possible impact of capsaicin in the high concentrations on enterocyte injury (cytotoxicity) and bactericidal activity on probiotics, Lactobacillus rhamnosus L34 (L34) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), the probiotics derived from Thai and Caucasian population, respectively, were tested in the chili-extract administered C57BL/6 mice and in vitro experiments. In comparison with placebo, 2 weeks administration of the extract from Thai chili in mice caused loose feces and induced intestinal permeability defect as indicated by FITC-dextran assay and the reduction in tight junction molecules (occludin and zona occludens-1) using fluorescent staining and gene expression by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Additionally, the chili extracts also induced the translocation of gut pathogen molecules; lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-d-glucan (BG) and fecal dysbiosis (microbiome analysis), including reduced Firmicutes, increased Bacteroides, and enhanced total Gram-negative bacteria in feces. Both L34 and LGG attenuated gut barrier defect (FITC-dextran, the fluorescent staining and gene expression of tight junction molecules) but not improved fecal consistency. Additionally, high concentrations of capsaicin (0.02-2 mM) damage enterocytes (Caco-2 and HT-29) as indicated by cell viability test, supernatant cytokine (IL-8), transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and transepithelial FITC-dextran (4.4 kDa) but were attenuated by Lactobacillus condition media (LCM) from both probiotic-strains. The 24 h incubation with 2 mM capsaicin (but not the lower concentrations) reduced the abundance of LGG (but not L34) implying a higher capsaicin tolerance of L34. However, Lactobacillus rhamnosus fecal abundance, using qRT-PCR, of L34 or LGG after 3, 7, and 20 days of the administration in the Thai healthy volunteers demonstrated the similarity between both strains. In conclusion, high dose chili extracts impaired gut permeability and induced gut dysbiosis but were attenuated by probiotics. Despite a better capsaicin tolerance of L34 compared with LGG in vitro, L34 abundance in feces was not different to LGG in the healthy volunteers. More studies on probiotics with a higher intake of chili in human are interesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wimonrat Panpetch
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Peerapat Visitchanakun
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wilasinee Saisorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ajcharaporn Sawatpanich
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Piraya Chatthanathon
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Naraporn Somboonna
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Microbiome Research Unit for Probiotics in Food and Cosmetics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somying Tumwasorn
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AL); (ST)
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Microbiology, Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology Research Unit (TRIRU), Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail: (AL); (ST)
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77
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Jeffery R, Ilott NE, Powrie F. Genetic and environmental factors shape the host response to Helicobacter hepaticus: insights into IBD pathogenesis. Curr Opin Microbiol 2021; 65:145-155. [PMID: 34883389 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pathobionts are members of the gut microbiota with the capacity to cause disease when there is malfunctioning intestinal homeostasis. These organisms are thought to be major contributors to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of chronic inflammatory disorders driven by dysregulated responses towards the microbiota. Over two decades have passed since the discovery of Helicobacter hepaticus, a mouse pathobiont which causes colitis in the context of immune deficiency. During this time, we have developed a detailed understanding of the cellular players and cytokine networks which drive H. hepaticus immunopathology. However, we are just beginning to understand the microbial factors that enable H. hepaticus to interact with the host and influence colonic health and disease. Here we review key H. hepaticus-host interactions, their relevance to other exemplar pathobionts and how when maladapted they drive colitis. Further understanding of these pathways may offer new therapeutic approaches for IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jeffery
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas E Ilott
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Powrie
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford OX3 7FY, United Kingdom.
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78
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Muschaweck M, Kopplin L, Ticconi F, Schippers A, Iljazovic A, Gálvez EJC, Abdallah AT, Wagner N, Costa IG, Strowig T, Pabst O. Cognate recognition of microbial antigens defines constricted CD4 + T cell receptor repertoires in the inflamed colon. Immunity 2021; 54:2565-2577.e6. [PMID: 34582747 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2021.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Key aspects of intestinal T cells, including their antigen specificity and their selection by the microbiota and other intestinal antigens, as well as the contribution of individual T cell clones to regulatory and effector functions, remain unresolved. Here we tracked adoptively transferred T cell populations to specify the interrelation of T cell receptor repertoire and the gut antigenic environment. We show that dominant TCRα clonotypes were shared between interferon-γ- and interleukin-17-producing but not regulatory Foxp3+ T cells. Identical TCRα clonotypes accumulated in the colon of different individuals, whereas antibiotics or defined colonization correlated with the expansion of distinct expanded T cell clonotypes. Our results demonstrate key aspects of intestinal CD4+ T cell activation and suggest that few microbial species exert a dominant effect on the intestinal T cell repertoire during colitis. We speculate that dominant proinflammatory T cell clones might provide a therapeutic target in human inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Muschaweck
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lydia Kopplin
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabio Ticconi
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Aida Iljazovic
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Eric J C Gálvez
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ali T Abdallah
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Ivan G Costa
- Institute for Computational Genomics, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Till Strowig
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Oliver Pabst
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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79
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Chen L, Wang J, Yi J, Liu Y, Yu Z, Chen S, Liu X. Increased mucin-degrading bacteria by high protein diet leads to thinner mucus layer and aggravates experimental colitis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 36:2864-2874. [PMID: 34050560 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.15562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Westernized high-fat diet increases the risk for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), yet with insufficient understanding of the role of high-protein diet. We aimed to identify the effect of high-protein diets from different dietary proteins (casein, whey protein, soy protein) on experimental colitis and its impact on microbiota, structure and function of colonic mucus layer. METHODS Female BALB/c mice were fed by standard diet, high-casein diet (HCD), high whey protein diet or high soy protein diet for 4 weeks. The susceptibility of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice and thickness of colonic mucus layer were compared after different dietary interventions, associated with the identification of the reversal effect of broad-spectrum antibiotic intervention (0.5 g/L of vancomycin and 1 g/L of neomycin sulfate, metronidazole and ampicillin in drinking water). Further analysis was performed on the synthesis of mucin, microbiota and sialidase involved in degradation of mucus layer. RESULTS High-protein diets aggravated acute DSS-induced colitis independent of protein composition, while broad-spectrum antibiotics reversed this effect. HCD significantly altered the composition of bacteria in the colonic mucus layer, especially Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and total mucin-degrading bacteria; besides, it increased sialidase concentration and reduced the thickness of mucus layer. However, it exhibited no significant effect on the synthesis of Muc2. Broad-spectrum antibiotics decreased the abundance of mucin-degrading bacteria and sialidase concentration while increased the thickness of mucus layer. CONCLUSION High-protein diet shifts microbial composition and thickness of colonic mucus layer, leading to the aggravation of acute DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Jingyan Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun Yi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Science Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shuijiao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaowei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Artificial Intelligence Computer Aided Diagnosis and Treatment for Digestive Disease, Changsha, China
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80
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Russo E, Giudici F, Ricci F, Scaringi S, Nannini G, Ficari F, Luceri C, Niccolai E, Baldi S, D'Ambrosio M, Ramazzotti M, Amedei A. Diving into Inflammation: A Pilot Study Exploring the Dynamics of the Immune-Microbiota Axis in Ileal Tissue Layers of Patients with Crohn's Disease. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1500-1516. [PMID: 33611347 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The pathogenesis of Crohn's disease [CD] is still unclear. Disorders in the mucosal immunoregulation and its crosstalk with the microbiota may represent an important component in tissue injury. We aimed to characterize the molecular immune response distribution within the ileal layers and to evaluate the correlated microbiota in pathological/healthy settings comparing first surgery/relapse clinical conditions. METHODS We enrolled 12 CD patients. A comprehensive analysis of an ileal mucosa, submucosa and serosa broad-spectrum cytokine panel was performed through a multiplex approach. In addition, ileal microbiota composition was assessed through next generation sequencing. RESULTS We observed a distinct profile [of IL1-α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-8, ICAM-1, E-Selectin, P-Selectin, IP-10, IL 6 and IL 18] across the CD vs healthy ileal layers; and a different distribution of IFN- γ, P-Selectin, IL-27 and IL-21 in first surgery vs relapse patients. In addition, the phylum Tenericutes, the family Ruminococcaceae, and the genera Mesoplasma and Mycoplasma were significantly enriched in the pathological setting. Significant microbiota differences were observed between relapse and first surgery patients regarding the class Bacteroidia, and the genera Prevotella, Flavobacterium, Tepidimonas and Escherichia/Shigella. Finally, the abundance of the genus Mycoplasma was positively correlated with IL-18. CONCLUSIONS We describe a dissimilarity of cytokine distribution and microbiota composition within CD and adjacent healthy ileal tissue layers and between first operation and surgical relapse. Our results give potential insight into the dynamics of the gut microbiota-immune axis in CD patients, leading to detection of new biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Russo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Francesco Giudici
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Federica Ricci
- Tumor Cell Biology Unit - Core Research Laboratory, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Scaringi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Ficari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Cristina Luceri
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Mario D'Ambrosio
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA), Florence, Italy
| | - Matteo Ramazzotti
- Department of Biomedical, Experimental and Clinical "Mario Serio", Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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Fei N, Choo-Kang C, Reutrakul S, Crowley SJ, Rae D, Bedu-Addo K, Plange-Rhule J, Forrester TE, Lambert EV, Bovet P, Riesen W, Korte W, Luke A, Layden BT, Gilbert JA, Dugas LR. Gut microbiota alterations in response to sleep length among African-origin adults. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255323. [PMID: 34495955 PMCID: PMC8425534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep disorders are increasingly being characterized in modern society as contributing to a host of serious medical problems, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. Changes to the microbial community in the human gut have been reportedly associated with many of these cardiometabolic outcomes. In this study, we investigated the impact of sleep length on the gut microbiota in a large cohort of 655 participants of African descent, aged 25-45, from Ghana, South Africa (SA), Jamaica, and the United States (US). The sleep duration was self-reported via a questionnaire. Participants were classified into 3 sleep groups: short (<7hrs), normal (7-<9hrs), and long (≥9hrs). Forty-seven percent of US participants were classified as short sleepers and 88% of SA participants as long sleepers. Gut microbial composition analysis (16S rRNA gene sequencing) revealed that bacterial alpha diversity negatively correlated with sleep length (p<0.05). Furthermore, sleep length significantly contributed to the inter-individual beta diversity dissimilarity in gut microbial composition (p<0.01). Participants with both short and long-sleep durations exhibited significantly higher abundances of several taxonomic features, compared to normal sleep duration participants. The predicted relative proportion of two genes involved in the butyrate synthesis via lysine pathway were enriched in short sleep duration participants. Finally, co-occurrence relationships revealed by network analysis showed unique interactions among the short, normal and long duration sleepers. These results suggest that sleep length in humans may alter gut microbiota by driving population shifts of the whole microbiota and also specific changes in Exact Sequence Variants abundance, which may have implications for chronic inflammation associated diseases. The current findings suggest a possible relationship between disrupted sleep patterns and the composition of the gut microbiota. Prospective investigations in larger and more prolonged sleep researches and causally experimental studies are needed to confirm these findings, investigate the underlying mechanism and determine whether improving microbial homeostasis may buffer against sleep-related health decline in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Fei
- Microbiome Center, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Candice Choo-Kang
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Stephanie J. Crowley
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Dale Rae
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Kweku Bedu-Addo
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jacob Plange-Rhule
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Terrence E. Forrester
- Solutions for Developing Countries, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Pascal Bovet
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Walter Riesen
- University Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Ministry of Health, Victoria, Republic of Seychelles
| | - Wolfgang Korte
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, Canton Hospital, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Biological Rhythms Research Laboratory, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, United States of America
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jack A. Gilbert
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Lara R. Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Parkinson School of Health Sciences and Public Health, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
- Division of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Public Health & Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Age and Giardia intestinalis Infection Impact Canine Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9091862. [PMID: 34576757 PMCID: PMC8469385 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9091862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Giardia intestinalis is a flagellated protozoan responsible for giardiosis (also called giardiasis in humans), the most prevalent and widespread parasitic infection in humans and mammals worldwide. The intestinal microbiota is highly diverse and any alteration in its composition may impact on the health of the host. While studies on the mouse model of giardiosis described the role of the gut microbiota in host susceptibility to infection by the parasite, little is known about the gut microbiota during natural infections in dogs and particularly in puppies. In this study, we monitored naturally G. intestinalis-infected puppies for 3 months and quantified cyst excretion every 2 weeks. All puppies remained subclinically infected during the sampling period as confirmed by fecal examination. In parallel, we performed 16S Illumina sequencing of fecal samples from the different time points to assess the impact of G. intestinalis infection on gut microbiota development of the puppies, as well as gut health markers of immunity such as fecal IgA and calprotectin. Sequencing results revealed that the canine fecal microbiota of Giardia-infected puppies becomes more complex and less diverse with increasing age. In addition, significant differences in the structure of the microbiota were observed between puppies with high and low Giardia cyst excretion. Chronic subclinical G. intestinalis infection appears to be associated with some detrimental structural changes in the gut microbiota. G. intestinalis-associated dysbiosis is characterized by an enrichment of facultative anaerobic, mucus-degrading, pro-inflammatory species and opportunistic pathogens, as well as a reduction of Lactobacillus johnsonii at specific time points. Calprotectin levels increased with age, suggesting the establishment of chronic low-grade inflammation in puppies. Further work is needed to demonstrate whether these alterations in the canine gut microbiota could lead to a dysbiosis-related disease, such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
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83
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Breitrück A, Weigel M, Hofrichter J, Sempert K, Kerkhoff C, Mohebali N, Mitzner S, Hain T, Kreikemeyer B. Smectite as a Preventive Oral Treatment to Reduce Clinical Symptoms of DSS Induced Colitis in Balb/c Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:8699. [PMID: 34445403 PMCID: PMC8395406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural smectites have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of diarrhea. The present study evaluated the prophylactic effect of a diosmectite (FI5pp) on the clinical course, colon damage, expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins and the composition of the gut microbiota in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) colitis. Diosmectite was administered daily to Balb/c mice from day 1 to 7 by oral gavage, followed by induction of acute DSS-colitis from day 8 to 14 ("Control", n = 6; "DSS", n = 10; "FI5pp + DSS", n = 11). Mice were sacrificed on day 21. Clinical symptoms (body weight, stool consistency and occult blood) were checked daily after colitis induction. Colon tissue was collected for histological damage scoring and quantification of tight junction protein expression. Stool samples were collected for microbiome analysis. Our study revealed prophylactic diosmectite treatment attenuated the severity of DSS colitis, which was apparent by significantly reduced weight loss (p = 0.022 vs. DSS), disease activity index (p = 0.0025 vs. DSS) and histological damage score (p = 0.023 vs. DSS). No significant effects were obtained for the expression of TJ proteins (claudin-2 and claudin-3) after diosmectite treatment. Characterization of the microbial composition by 16S amplicon NGS showed that diosmectite treatment modified the DSS-associated dysbiosis. Thus, diosmectites are promising candidates for therapeutic approaches to target intestinal inflammation and to identify possible underlying mechanisms of diosmectites in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Breitrück
- Extracorporeal Immunomodulation Unit (EXIM), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (S.M.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
| | - Jacqueline Hofrichter
- Extracorporeal Immunomodulation Unit (EXIM), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (S.M.)
| | - Kai Sempert
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, 4072 St Lucia, Brisbane 4000, Australia;
| | - Claus Kerkhoff
- Department of Human Sciences, School of Human Sciences, University of Osnabrück, 49076 Osnabrück, Germany;
| | - Nooshin Mohebali
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Steffen Mitzner
- Extracorporeal Immunomodulation Unit (EXIM), Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), 18057 Rostock, Germany; (J.H.); (S.M.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus Liebig University, 35392 Giessen, Germany;
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Kreikemeyer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany;
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84
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Small RNAs go global in human gut Bacteroides. J Bacteriol 2021; 203:e0038321. [PMID: 34370557 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00383-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The last two decades have seen numerous studies connecting physiological behaviors in Bacteroides-including polysaccharide degradation and capsule production-with elements of global regulation, but a complete model is still elusive. A new study by Adams et al. in this issue of the Journal of Bacteriology reveals another layer of regulation by describing a novel family of RNA-binding proteins (Rbps) in Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron that modify expression of genes involved in carbohydrate utilization and capsule expression, among others.
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85
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McDaniel Mims B, Enriquez J, Pires dos Santos A, Jones-Hall Y, Dowd S, Furr KL, Grisham MB. Antibiotic administration exacerbates acute graft vs. host disease-induced bone marrow and spleen damage in lymphopenic mice. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0254845. [PMID: 34358240 PMCID: PMC8346256 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0254845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a potential cure for certain life-threatening malignant and nonmalignant diseases. However, experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that pre-transplant myeloablative conditioning damages the gut leading to translocation of intestinal bacteria and the development of acute graft vs. host disease (aGVHD). The overall objective of this study was to determine whether administration of broad spectrum antibiotics (Abx) affects the onset and/or severity of aGVHD in lymphopenic mice that were not subjected to toxic, pre-transplant conditioning. Results We found that treatment of NK cell-depleted recombination activating gene-1-deficient (-NK/RAG) recipients with an Abx cocktail containing vancomycin and neomycin for 7 days prior to and 4 weeks following adoptive transfer of allogeneic CD4+ T cells, exacerbated the development of aGVHD-induced BM failure and spleen damage when compared to untreated–NK/RAG recipients engrafted with syngeneic or allogeneic T cells. Abx-treated mice exhibited severe anemia and monocytopenia as well as marked reductions in BM- and spleen-residing immune cells. Blinded histopathological analysis confirmed that Abx-treated mice engrafted with allogeneic T cells suffered significantly more damage to the BM and spleen than did untreated mice engrafted with allogeneic T cells. Abx-induced exacerbation of BM and spleen damage correlated with a dramatic reduction in fecal bacterial diversity, marked loss of anaerobic bacteria and remarkable expansion of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions We conclude that continuous Abx treatment may aggravate aGVHD-induced tissue damage by reducing short chain fatty acid-producing anaerobes (e.g. Clostridium, Blautia) and/or by promoting the expansion of pathobionts (e.g. Akkermansia) and opportunistic pathogens (Cronobacter).
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianyell McDaniel Mims
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Josue Enriquez
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Andrea Pires dos Santos
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Yava Jones-Hall
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Scot Dowd
- MR DNA (Molecular Research), Shallowater, TX, United States of America
| | - Kathryn L. Furr
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
| | - Matthew B. Grisham
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Microbiology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Despite identification of numerous associations between microbiomes and diseases, the complexity of the human microbiome has hindered identification of individual species and strains that are causative in host phenotype or disease. Uncovering causative microbes is vital to fully understand disease processes and to harness the potential therapeutic benefits of microbiota manipulation. Developments in sequencing technology, animal models, and bacterial culturing have facilitated the discovery of specific microbes that impact the host and are beginning to advance the characterization of host-microbiome interaction mechanisms. We summarize the historical and contemporary experimental approaches taken to uncover microbes from the microbiota that affect host biology and describe examples of commensals that have specific effects on the immune system, inflammation, and metabolism. There is still much to learn, and we lay out challenges faced by the field and suggest potential remedies for common pitfalls encountered in the hunt for causative commensal microbes. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Microbiology, Volume 75 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham J Britton
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; .,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; .,Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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87
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Gough NR, Xiang X, Mishra L. TGF-β Signaling in Liver, Pancreas, and Gastrointestinal Diseases and Cancer. Gastroenterology 2021; 161:434-452.e15. [PMID: 33940008 PMCID: PMC8841117 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2021.04.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genetic alterations affecting transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling are exceptionally common in diseases and cancers of the gastrointestinal system. As a regulator of tissue renewal, TGF-β signaling and the downstream SMAD-dependent transcriptional events play complex roles in the transition from a noncancerous disease state to cancer in the gastrointestinal tract, liver, and pancreas. Furthermore, this pathway also regulates the stromal cells and the immune system, which may contribute to evasion of the tumors from immune-mediated elimination. Here, we review the involvement of the TGF-β pathway mediated by the transcriptional regulators SMADs in disease progression to cancer in the digestive system. The review integrates human genomic studies with animal models that provide clues toward understanding and managing the complexity of the pathway in disease and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy R. Gough
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Xiyan Xiang
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York
| | - Lopa Mishra
- The Institute for Bioelectronic Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research & Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Surgery, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia.
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88
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Fan TJ, Goeser L, Lu K, Faith JJ, Hansen JJ. Enterococcus faecalis Glucosamine Metabolism Exacerbates Experimental Colitis. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1373-1389. [PMID: 34246809 PMCID: PMC8479252 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, are caused in part by aberrant immune responses to resident intestinal bacteria. Certain dietary components, including carbohydrates, are associated with IBDs and alter intestinal bacterial composition. However, the effects of luminal carbohydrates on the composition and colitogenic potential of intestinal bacteria are incompletely understood. We hypothesize that carbohydrate metabolism by resident proinflammatory intestinal bacteria enhances their growth and worsens intestinal inflammation. METHODS We colonized germ-free, wild-type, and colitis-susceptible interleukin-10 knockout mice (Il10-/-) with a consortium of resident intestinal bacterial strains and quantified colon inflammation using blinded histologic scoring and spontaneous secretion of IL12/23p40 by colon explants. We measured luminal bacterial composition using real-time 16S polymerase chain reaction, bacterial gene expression using RNA sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction, and luminal glucosamine levels using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. RESULTS We show that a consortium of 8 bacterial strains induces severe colitis in Il10-/- mice and up-regulates genes associated with carbohydrate metabolism during colitis. Specifically, Enterococcus faecalis strain OG1RF is proinflammatory and strongly up-regulates OG1RF_11616-11610, an operon that encodes genes of a previously undescribed phosphotransferase system that we show imports glucosamine. Experimental colitis is associated with increased levels of luminal glucosamine and OG1RF_11616 causes worse colitis, not by increasing E faecalis numbers, but rather by mechanisms that require the presence of complex microbiota. CONCLUSIONS Further studies of luminal carbohydrate levels and bacterial carbohydrate metabolism during intestinal inflammation will improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of IBDs and may lead to the development of novel therapies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Jia Fan
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Laura Goeser
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kun Lu
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jeremiah J Faith
- The Precision Immunology Institute, New York, New York; Icahn Institute for Data Science and Genomic Technology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Jonathan J Hansen
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.
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Eswaran S, Babbar A, Drescher HK, Hitch TCA, Clavel T, Muschaweck M, Ritz T, Kroy DC, Trautwein C, Wagner N, Schippers A. Upregulation of Anti-Oxidative Stress Response Improves Metabolic Changes in L-Selectin-Deficient Mice but Does Not Prevent NAFLD Progression or Fecal Microbiota Shifts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147314. [PMID: 34298930 PMCID: PMC8306675 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing global health problem. NAFLD progression involves a complex interplay of imbalanced inflammatory cell populations and inflammatory signals such as reactive oxygen species and cytokines. These signals can derive from the liver itself but also from adipose tissue or be mediated via changes in the gut microbiome. We analyzed the effects of a simultaneous migration blockade caused by L-selectin-deficiency and an enhancement of the anti-oxidative stress response triggered by hepatocytic Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) deletion on NAFLD progression. (2) Methods: L-selectin-deficient mice (Lsel−/−Keap1flx/flx) and littermates with selective hepatic Keap1 deletion (Lsel−/−Keap1Δhepa) were compared in a 24-week Western-style diet (WD) model. (3) Results: Lsel−/−Keap1Δhepa mice exhibited increased expression of erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) target genes in the liver, decreased body weight, reduced epidydimal white adipose tissue with decreased immune cell frequencies, and improved glucose response when compared to their Lsel−/−Keap1flx/flx littermates. Although WD feeding caused drastic changes in fecal microbiota profiles with decreased microbial diversity, no genotype-dependent shifts were observed. (4) Conclusions: Upregulation of the anti-oxidative stress response improves metabolic changes in L-selectin-deficient mice but does not prevent NAFLD progression and shifts in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreepradha Eswaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Anshu Babbar
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
- Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Hannah K. Drescher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Thomas C. A. Hitch
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.C.A.H.); (T.C.)
| | - Thomas Clavel
- Functional Microbiome Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (T.C.A.H.); (T.C.)
| | - Moritz Muschaweck
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
| | - Thomas Ritz
- Institute of Pathology, Ruprecht-Karls-University Heidelberg, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany;
| | - Daniela C. Kroy
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (D.C.K.); (C.T.)
| | - Christian Trautwein
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (D.C.K.); (C.T.)
| | - Norbert Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (A.S.)
| | - Angela Schippers
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, D-52074 Aachen, Germany; (S.E.); (A.B.); (M.M.)
- Correspondence: (N.W.); (A.S.)
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90
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Song CH, Kim N, Nam RH, Choi SI, Yu JE, Nho H, Surh YJ. Changes in Microbial Community Composition Related to Sex and Colon Cancer by Nrf2 Knockout. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:636808. [PMID: 34249773 PMCID: PMC8261249 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.636808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The frequency of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (AOM/DSS)-induced carcinogenesis in male mice is higher than that in female mice. Previous studies have reported that 17β-estradiol inhibits tumorigenesis in males by modulating nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). This study aimed to investigate the changes in mouse gut microbiome composition based on sex, AOM/DSS-induced colorectal cancer (CRC), and Nrf2 genotype. The gut microbiome composition was determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing fecal samples obtained at week 16 post-AOM administration. In terms of sex differences, our results showed that the wild-type (WT) male control mice had higher alpha diversity (i.e. Chao1, Shannon, and Simpson) than the WT female control mice. The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) results revealed that the abundances of Akkermansia muciniphila and Lactobacillus murinus were higher in WT male control mice than in WT female controls. In terms of colon tumorigenesis, the alpha diversity of the male CRC group was lower than that of the male controls in both WT and Nrf2 KO, but did not show such changes in females. Furthermore, the abundance of A. muciniphila was higher in male CRC groups than in male controls in both WT and Nrf2 KO. The abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus was higher in WT CRC groups than in WT controls in both males and females. However, the abundance of L. murinus was lower in WT female CRC and Nrf2 KO male CRC groups than in its controls. The abundance of A. muciniphila was not altered by Nrf2 KO. In contrast, the abundances of L. murinus and B. vulgatus were changed differently by Nrf2 KO depending on sex and CRC. Interestingly, L. murinus showed negative correlation with tumor numbers in the whole colon. In addition, B. vulgatus showed positive correlation with inflammatory markers (i.e. myeloperoxidase and IL-1β levels), tumor numbers, and high-grade adenoma, especially, developed mucosal and submucosal invasive adenocarcinoma at the distal part of the colon. In conclusion, Nrf2 differentially alters the gut microbiota composition depending on sex and CRC induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Hee Song
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine and Liver Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Hee Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Soo In Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Jeong Eun Yu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Heewon Nho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Young-Joon Surh
- Tumor Microenvironment Global Core Research Center, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.,Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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91
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Dallari S, Heaney T, Rosas-Villegas A, Neil JA, Wong SY, Brown JJ, Urbanek K, Herrmann C, Depledge DP, Dermody TS, Cadwell K. Enteric viruses evoke broad host immune responses resembling those elicited by the bacterial microbiome. Cell Host Microbe 2021; 29:1014-1029.e8. [PMID: 33894129 PMCID: PMC8192460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The contributions of the viral component of the microbiome-the virome-to the development of innate and adaptive immunity are largely unknown. Here, we systematically defined the host response in mice to a panel of eukaryotic enteric viruses representing six different families. Infections with most of these viruses were asymptomatic in the mice, the magnitude and duration of which was dependent on the microbiota. Flow cytometric and transcriptional profiling of mice mono-associated with these viruses unveiled general adaptations by the host, such as lymphocyte differentiation and IL-22 signatures in the intestine, as well as numerous viral-strain-specific responses that persisted. Comparison with a dataset derived from analogous bacterial mono-association in mice identified bacterial species that evoke an immune response comparable with the viruses we examined. These results expand an understanding of the immune space occupied by the enteric virome and underscore the importance of viral exposure events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dallari
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Heaney
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adriana Rosas-Villegas
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica A Neil
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Serre-Yu Wong
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Department of Medicine, Henry D. Janowitz Division of Gastroenterology, Susan and Leonard Feinstein Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judy J Brown
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Biology, Trevecca Nazarene University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kelly Urbanek
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christin Herrmann
- Kimmel Center for Biology and Medicine at the Skirball Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel P Depledge
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Terence S Dermody
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ken Cadwell
- Department of Microbiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
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92
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Low A, Soh M, Miyake S, Aw VZJ, Feng J, Wong A, Seedorf H. Longitudinal Changes in Diet Cause Repeatable and Largely Reversible Shifts in Gut Microbial Communities of Laboratory Mice and Are Observed across Segments of the Entire Intestinal Tract. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5981. [PMID: 34205981 PMCID: PMC8198505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary changes are known to alter the composition of the gut microbiome. However, it is less understood how repeatable and reversible these changes are and how diet switches affect the microbiota in the various segments of the gastrointestinal tract. Here, a treatment group of conventionally raised laboratory mice is subjected to two periods of western diet (WD) interrupted by a period of standard diet (SD) of the same duration. Beta-diversity analyses show that diet-induced microbiota changes are largely reversible (q = 0.1501; PERMANOVA, weighted-UniFrac comparison of the treatment-SD group to the control-SD group) and repeatable (q = 0.032; PERMANOVA, weighted-UniFrac comparison of both WD treatments). Furthermore, we report that diet switches alter the gut microbiota composition along the length of the intestinal tract in a segment-specific manner, leading to gut segment-specific Firmicutes/Bacteroidota ratios. We identified prevalent and distinct Amplicon Sequencing Variants (ASVs), particularly in genera of the recently described Muribaculaceae, along the gut as well as ASVs that are differentially abundant between segments of treatment and control groups. Overall, this study provides insights into the reversibility of diet-induced microbiota changes and highlights the importance of expanding sampling efforts beyond the collections of fecal samples to characterize diet-dependent and segment-specific microbiome differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Low
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (A.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (V.Z.J.A.); (J.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Melissa Soh
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (A.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (V.Z.J.A.); (J.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Sou Miyake
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (A.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (V.Z.J.A.); (J.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Vanessa Zhi Jie Aw
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (A.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (V.Z.J.A.); (J.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Jian Feng
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (A.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (V.Z.J.A.); (J.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Adeline Wong
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (A.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (V.Z.J.A.); (J.F.); (A.W.)
| | - Henning Seedorf
- Temasek Life Sciences Laboratory, 1 Research Link, Singapore 117604, Singapore; (A.L.); (M.S.); (S.M.); (V.Z.J.A.); (J.F.); (A.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117604, Singapore
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93
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Fang J, Wang H, Zhou Y, Zhang H, Zhou H, Zhang X. Slimy partners: the mucus barrier and gut microbiome in ulcerative colitis. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:772-787. [PMID: 34002011 PMCID: PMC8178360 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00617-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent intestinal inflammatory disease characterized by high incidence and young onset age. Recently, there have been some interesting findings in the pathogenesis of UC. The mucus barrier, which is composed of a mucin complex rich in O-glycosylation, not only provides nutrients and habitat for intestinal microbes but also orchestrates the taming of germs. In turn, the gut microbiota modulates the production and secretion of mucins and stratification of the mucus layers. Active bidirectional communication between the microbiota and its 'slimy' partner, the mucus barrier, seems to be a continually performed concerto, maintaining homeostasis of the gut ecological microenvironment. Any abnormalities may induce a disorder in the gut community, thereby causing inflammatory damage. Our review mainly focuses on the complicated communication between the mucus barrier and gut microbiome to explore a promising new avenue for UC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Fang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China ,grid.412551.60000 0000 9055 7865College of Medicine, Shaoxing University, 508 Huancheng Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- grid.415644.60000 0004 1798 6662Department of Colorectal Surgery, Shaoxing people’s Hospital, 568 North Zhongxing Road, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuping Zhou
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, 247 Renmin Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Huiting Zhou
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- grid.203507.30000 0000 8950 5267Department of Preventive Medicine, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, 818 Fenghua Road, Ningbo, Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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94
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Candida Administration in Bilateral Nephrectomy Mice Elevates Serum (1→3)-β-D-glucan That Enhances Systemic Inflammation Through Energy Augmentation in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22095031. [PMID: 34068595 PMCID: PMC8126065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22095031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic inflammation, from gut translocation of organismal molecules, might worsen uremic complications in acute kidney injury (AKI). The monitoring of gut permeability integrity and/or organismal molecules in AKI might be clinically beneficial. Due to the less prominence of Candida albicans in human intestine compared with mouse gut, C. albicans were orally administered in bilateral nephrectomy (BiN) mice. Gut dysbiosis, using microbiome analysis, and gut permeability defect (gut leakage), which was determined by fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran and intestinal tight-junction immunofluorescent staining, in mice with BiN-Candida was more severe than BiN without Candida. Additionally, profound gut leakage in BiN-Candida also resulted in gut translocation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and (1→3)-β-D-glucan (BG), the organismal components from gut contents, that induced more severe systemic inflammation than BiN without Candida. The co-presentation of LPS and BG in mouse serum enhanced inflammatory responses. As such, LPS with Whole Glucan Particle (WGP, a representative BG) induced more severe macrophage responses than LPS alone as determined by supernatant cytokines and gene expression of downstream signals (NFκB, Malt-1 and Syk). Meanwhile, WGP alone did not induced the responses. In parallel, WGP (with or without LPS), but not LPS alone, accelerated macrophage ATP production (extracellular flux analysis) through the upregulation of genes in mitochondria and glycolysis pathway (using RNA sequencing analysis), without the induction of cell activities. These data indicated a WGP pre-conditioning effect on cell energy augmentation. In conclusion, Candida in BiN mice accelerated gut translocation of BG that augmented cell energy status and enhanced pro-inflammatory macrophage responses. Hence, gut fungi and BG were associated with the enhanced systemic inflammation in acute uremia.
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95
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Huang YP, Li P, Du T, Du XJ, Wang S. Protective effect and mechanism of Monascus-fermented red yeast rice against colitis caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium ATCC 14028. Food Funct 2021; 11:6363-6375. [PMID: 32609139 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01017k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Red yeast rice (RYR), a traditional Chinese fermented food, has the effect of lowering blood lipid and cholesterol, but little information is available about whether RYR can inhibit pathogenic bacterial infection in vivo. The present study explored the effect of RYR on Salmonella enterica-induced intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota dysbiosis in mice as well as the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism. Results showed that RYR can alleviate S. enterica infection in vivo and Monascus pigments are the main functional components. The analysis of microbiota, gene expression profile and serological immunology revealed that RYR can regulate the intestinal flora and increase the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Meanwhile, RYR is also found to regulate the expression of pro-inflammatory factors and tight junction-related genes to inhibit the NO and NF-κB-mediated inflammatory response and maintain the integrity of the intestinal barrier. This study provides a new dietary intervention strategy for the prevention of pathogenic bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Ting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Xin-Jun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.
| | - Shuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China. and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Science and Health, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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96
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Lin R, Wang Z, Cao J, Gao T, Dong Y, Chen Y. Role of melatonin in murine "restraint stress"-induced dysfunction of colonic microbiota. J Microbiol 2021; 59:500-512. [PMID: 33630247 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-021-0305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal diseases caused by physiological stress have become a severe public health threat worldwide. Disturbances in the gut microbiota-host relationship have been associated with irritable bowel disease (IBD), while melatonin (MT) has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which MT-mediated protection mitigated stress-induced intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation. We successfully established a murine restraint stress model with and without MT supplementation. Mice subjected to restraint stress had significantly elevated corticosterone (CORT) levels, decreased MT levels in their plasma, elevated colonic ROS levels and increased bacterial abundance, including Bacteroides and Tyzzerella, in their colon tract, which led to elevated expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2/4, p-P65 and p-IKB. In contrast, supplementation with 20 mg/kg MT reversed the elevation of the plasma CORT levels, downregulated the colon ROS levels and inhibited the changes in the intestinal microbiota induced by restraint stress. These effects, in turn, inhibited the activities of TLR2 and TLR4, p-P65 and p-IκB, and decreased the inflammatory reaction induced by restraint stress. Our results suggested that MT may mitigate "restraint stress"-induced colonic microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammation by inhibiting the activation of the NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutao Lin
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Zixu Wang
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Jing Cao
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Ting Gao
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China
| | - Yulan Dong
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- Neurobiology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, P. R. China.
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97
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Ye J, Haskey N, Dadlani H, Zubaidi H, Barnett JA, Ghosh S, Gibson DL. Deletion of mucin 2 induces colitis with concomitant metabolic abnormalities in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2021; 320:G791-G803. [PMID: 33728986 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00277.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of under-recognized metabolic comorbidities. Chronic intestinal inflammation in IBD along with changes to the gut microbiome leads to broader systemic effects. Despite the existence of multiple animal models to study colitis, limited studies have examined the metabolic abnormalities associated with these models. In this study, a spontaneous model of colitis (mucin 2 knock-out mouse, Muc2-/-) was used to investigate the impact of intestinal disease on metabolic dysfunction. Before the onset of severe colitis, such as rectal prolapse, Muc2-/- mice exhibited impaired glucose clearance. Defects were noted in the insulin signaling pathway corresponding with upregulated genes in lipid utilization pathways, increased mitochondrial number, and peroxisome proliferator-activated coactivator 1α (PGC-1α), a transcription factor central to energy metabolism regulation. Parallel to these metabolic alterations, Muc2-/- mice exhibited systemic inflammation and bacteremia. We further characterized the dysbiotic microbiome's predicted functional categories given its contributing role to the colitic phenotype in the Muc2-/- mice. In addition to less butyrate levels, we show an increased predisposition to lipid metabolism and lipid biosynthesis pathways in the microbiome associated with the host's altered metabolic state. This study establishes the Muc2-/- mouse model that develops spontaneous colitis, as an ideal model for studying early comorbid metabolic dysfunction. Clarification of the underlying etiology of two phenotypes in this model could unravel important clues regarding the treatment of metabolic comorbidities during colitis.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study discloses the impaired systemic energy metabolism in a classic colitis murine model (Muc2-/- knock-out model). Investigating the interaction between colitis and metabolic disorders helps to extend our knowledge on deciphering inflammatory bowel disease-associated comorbidities and provides new insight into clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Ye
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Natasha Haskey
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hansika Dadlani
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hatem Zubaidi
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jacqueline A Barnett
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Deanna L Gibson
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia Okanagan , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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98
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Sun X, Cui Y, Su Y, Gao Z, Diao X, Li J, Zhu X, Li D, Li Z, Wang C, Shi Y. Dietary Fiber Ameliorates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Intestinal Barrier Function Damage in Piglets by Modulation of Intestinal Microbiome. mSystems 2021; 6:e01374-20. [PMID: 33824201 PMCID: PMC8547013 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.01374-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning of piglets is accompanied by intestinal inflammation, impaired intestinal barrier function, and intestinal microflora disorder. Regulating intestinal microflora structure can directly or indirectly affect intestinal health and host growth and development. However, whether dietary fiber (DF) affects the inflammatory response and barrier function by affecting the intestinal microflora and its metabolites is unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of intestinal microflora in relieving immune stress and maintaining homeostasis using piglets with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury as a model. DF improved intestinal morphology and barrier function, inhibited the expression of inflammatory signal pathways (Toll-like receptor 2 [TLR2], TLR4, and NF-κB) and proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin 1β [IL-1β], IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]), and upregulated the expression of barrier-related genes (encoding claudin-1, occludin, and ZO-1). The contents of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and the activity of diamine oxidase in plasma were decreased. Meanwhile, DF had a strong effect on the composition and function of intestinal microflora at different taxonomic levels, the relative abundances of cellulolytic bacteria and anti-inflammatory bacteria were increased, and the concentrations of propionate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in intestinal contents were increased. In addition, the correlation analysis also revealed the potential relationship between metabolites and certain intestinal microflora, as well as the relationship between metabolites and intestinal morphology, intestinal gene expression, and plasma cytokine levels. These results indicate that DF improves intestinal barrier function, in part, by altering intestinal microbiota composition and increasing the synthesis of SCFAs, which subsequently alleviate local and systemic inflammation.IMPORTANCE Adding DF to the diet of LPS-challenged piglets alleviated intestinal and systemic inflammation, improved intestinal barrier function, and ultimately alleviated the growth retardation of piglets. In addition, the addition of DF significantly increased the relative abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria and the production of SCFAs. We believe that the improvement of growth performance of piglets with LPS-induced injury can be attributed to the beneficial effects of DF on intestinal microflora and SCFAs, which reduced the inflammatory response in piglets, improving intestinal barrier function and enhancing body health. These research results provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the use of specific fiber sources in the diet to improve intestinal health and growth performance of piglets and thus alleviate weaning stress. Our data also provide insights for studying the role of DF in regulating gastrointestinal function in human infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yalei Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Su
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zimin Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinying Diao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ju Li
- Henan Yinfa Animal Husbandry Co., Xinzheng, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Defeng Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhentian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Grassland Resources, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Forage Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhengzhou, China
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99
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Wyatt M, Greathouse KL. Targeting Dietary and Microbial Tryptophan-Indole Metabolism as Therapeutic Approaches to Colon Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:1189. [PMID: 33916690 PMCID: PMC8066279 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tryptophan metabolism, via the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway, and microbial transformation of tryptophan to indolic compounds are fundamental for host health; both of which are altered in colon carcinogenesis. Alterations in tryptophan metabolism begin early in colon carcinogenesis as an adaptive mechanism for the tumor to escape immune surveillance and metastasize. The microbial community is a key part of the tumor microenvironment and influences cancer initiation, promotion and treatment response. A growing awareness of the impact of the microbiome on tryptophan (Trp) metabolism in the context of carcinogenesis has prompted this review. We first compare the different metabolic pathways of Trp under normal cellular physiology to colon carcinogenesis, in both the host cells and the microbiome. Second, we review how the microbiome, specifically indoles, influence host tryptophan pathways under normal and oncogenic metabolism. We conclude by proposing several dietary, microbial and drug therapeutic modalities that can be utilized in combination to abrogate tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhur Wyatt
- Human Health, Performance and Recreation, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7346, USA;
| | - K. Leigh Greathouse
- Human Science and Design, Robbins College of Health and Human Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76798-7346, USA
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Xu Y, Xie L, Zhang Z, Zhang W, Tang J, He X, Zhou J, Peng W. Tremella fuciformis Polysaccharides Inhibited Colonic Inflammation in Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Treated Mice via Foxp3+ T Cells, Gut Microbiota, and Bacterial Metabolites. Front Immunol 2021; 12:648162. [PMID: 33868283 PMCID: PMC8049506 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.648162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremella fuciformis is an edible medicinal mushroom, and its polysaccharide components are found to confer various health benefits. This study identified the protective effects of polysaccharides of Tremella fuciformis (TPs) against dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. High dose of TPs (HTPs) could prevent the colon from shortening, reduce activity of colonic myeloperoxidase and serum diamine oxidase (DAO), decrease the concentration of D-lactate, and alleviate the colonic tissue damage in colitic mice. HTPs treatment stimulated Foxp3+T cells, and promoted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines whereas it reduced the production of pro-inflammatory and the portion of immunoglobulin A (IgA)-coated bacteria, which was related to modulation of immune responses. 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that TPs could significantly increase gut community diversity, and restore the relative abundances of Lactobacillus, Odoribacter, Helicobacter, Ruminococcaceae, and Marinifilaceae. According to metabolomic analysis, HTPs induced specific microbial metabolites akin to that in normal mice. Tyrosine biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism, and bile acid metabolism were influenced in the HTPs group compared with those in the DSS group. HTPs could alleviate DSS-induced colitis by immunoregulation and restored the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites. The results indicated that HTPs have potential to be developed as a food supplement to ameliorate intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyin Xu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Liyuan Xie
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhiyuan Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Tang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaolan He
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
| | - Weihong Peng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Breeding and Cultivation of Edible and Medicinal Fungi, Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Agro-microbial Resource and Utilization in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, China
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