51
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The Role of Ponds in Pesticide Dissipation at the Agricultural Catchment Scale: A Critical Review. WATER 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/w13091202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ponds in agricultural areas are ubiquitous water retention systems acting as reactive biogeochemical hotspots controlling pesticide dissipation and transfer at the catchment scale. Several issues need to be addressed in order to understand, follow-up and predict the role of ponds in limiting pesticide transfer at the catchment scale. In this review, we present a critical overview of functional processes underpinning pesticide dissipation in ponds. We highlight the need to distinguish degradative and non-degradative processes and to understand the role of the sediment-water interface in pesticide dissipation. Yet it is not well-established how pesticide dissipation in ponds governs the pesticide transfer at the catchment scale under varying hydro-climatic conditions and agricultural operation practices. To illustrate the multi-scale and dynamic aspects of this issue, we sketch a modelling framework integrating the role of ponds at the catchment scale. Such an integrated framework can improve the spatial prediction of pesticide transfer and risk assessment across the catchment-ponds-river continuum to facilitate management rules and operations.
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52
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Sun F, Peters J, Thullner M, Cirpka OA, Elsner M. Magnitude of Diffusion- and Transverse Dispersion-Induced Isotope Fractionation of Organic Compounds in Aqueous Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4772-4782. [PMID: 33729766 PMCID: PMC8154364 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Determining whether aqueous diffusion and dispersion lead to significant isotope fractionation is important for interpreting the isotope ratios of organic contaminants in groundwater. We performed diffusion experiments with modified Stokes diaphragm cells and transverse-dispersion experiments in quasi-two-dimensional flow-through sediment tank systems to explore isotope fractionation for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, 2,6-dichlorobenzamide, and metolachlor at natural isotopic abundance. We observed very small to negligible diffusion- and transverse-dispersion-induced isotope enrichment factors (ε < -0.4 ‰), with changes in carbon and nitrogen isotope values within ±0.5‰ and ±1‰, respectively. Isotope effects of diffusion did not show a clear correlation with isotopologue mass with calculated power-law exponents β close to zero (0.007 < β < 0.1). In comparison to ions, noble gases, and labeled compounds, three aspects stand out. (i) If a mass dependence is derived from collision theory, then isotopologue masses of polyatomic molecules would be affected by isotopes of multiple elements resulting in very small expected effects. (ii) However, collisions do not necessarily lead to translational movement but can excite molecular vibrations or rotations minimizing the mass dependence. (iii) Solute-solvent interactions like H-bonds can further minimize the effect of collisions. Modeling scenarios showed that an inadequate model choice, or erroneous choice of β, can greatly overestimate the isotope fractionation by diffusion and, consequently, transverse dispersion. In contrast, available data for chlorinated solvent and gasoline contaminants at natural isotopic abundance suggest that in field scenarios, a potential additional uncertainty from aqueous diffusion or dispersion would add to current instrumental uncertainties on carbon or nitrogen isotope values (±1‰) with an additional ±1‰ at most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengchao Sun
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Peters
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Center
for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Thullner
- Department
of Environmental Microbiology, UFZ—Helmholtz
Centre for Environmental Research, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olaf A. Cirpka
- Center
for Applied Geoscience, University of Tübingen, Hölderlinstrasse12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Phone: +49 89 2180-78232; (M.E.)
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53
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Droz B, Drouin G, Maurer L, Villette C, Payraudeau S, Imfeld G. Phase Transfer and Biodegradation of Pesticides in Water-Sediment Systems Explored by Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis and Conceptual Modeling. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:4720-4728. [PMID: 33761249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c06283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Current approaches are often limited to evaluating the contribution of pesticide dissipation processes in water-sediment systems as both degradation and phase transfer, that is, sorption-desorption, contribute to the apparent decrease of pesticide concentration. Here, the dissipation of widely used herbicides acetochlor and S-metolachlor was examined in laboratory by water-sediment microcosm experiments under oxic and anoxic conditions. Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) emphasized insignificant carbon isotope fractionation in the sediment, indicating prevailing pesticide degradation in the water phase. Conceptual modeling accounting for phase transfer and biodegradation indicated that biodegradation may be underestimated when phase transfer is not included. Phase transfer does not affect carbon isotope fractionation for a wide spectrum of molecules and environmental conditions, underscoring the potential of pesticide CSIA as a robust approach to evaluate degradation in water-sediment systems. CSIA coupled with the identification of transformation products by high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry suggests the degradation of acetochlor and S-metolachlor to occur via nucleophilic substitution and the predominance of oxalinic acids as transformation products under both anoxic and oxic conditions. Altogether, combining the pesticide CSIA, the identification of transformation products, and the use of conceptual phase-transfer models improves the interpretation of pesticide dissipation in water-sediment systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Droz
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Guillaume Drouin
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Loïc Maurer
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
- Département Mécanique, ICube Laboratoire des Sciences de l'ingénieur, de l'informatique et de l'imagerie, Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, INSA, CNRS, 2 rue Boussingault, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Claire Villette
- Plant Imaging and Mass Spectrometry (PIMS), Institut de Biologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, 12 rue du Général Zimmer, 67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Institut Terre et Environnement de Strasbourg (ITES), Université de Strasbourg/EOST/ENGEES, CNRS UMR 7063, 5 rue Descartes, F-67084 Strasbourg, France
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54
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Chlorine and Bromine Isotope Analysis of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers Using Gas Chromatography-Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2020; 1634:461715. [PMID: 33221653 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2020.461715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
A compound-specific chlorine/bromine isotope analysis (Cl-/Br-CSIA) method was developed using gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), which are toxic to human health and are frequently detected in various abiotic and biotic media. For PCB congeners, the molecular ion method for a concentration of 0.5-10.0 ppm, a dwell time of 20-100 ms, a relative EM voltage of 200 V, an electric current of 34 μA, and an ionization energy of 70 eV was determined as the most suitable scheme, which obtained standard deviations (SDs) of chlorine isotope ratios ranging from 0.00008 to 0.00068. As for the PBDE congeners, the lowest SDs, ranging from 0.00050 to 0.00172, were determined using the top four ion method with a concentration of 5-10 ppm and a dwell time of 20-50 ms. Both the chlorine and bromine isotope ratios showed strong concentration dependencies. Therefore, external standardization or detecting chlorine and bromine isotope ratios at a uniform concentration level is necessary to eliminate the concentration effect. In addition, 13C-correction is critical to remove interference from carbon isotopes. This newly developed Cl-/Br-CSIA method successfully determined the chlorine/bromine isotope ratios of PCBs/PBDEs in technical mixtures and traced the chlorine/bromine isotope ratio variations of PCBs/PBDEs in photodegradation experiments, thereby suggesting that it is a promising tool for assessing the sources and transformation processes of PCBs and PDBEs in the environment.
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55
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Ahad JME, Macdonald RW, Parrott JL, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Siddique T, Kuznetsova A, Rauert C, Galarneau E, Studabaker WB, Evans M, McMaster ME, Shang D. Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) in the Canadian environment: A review of sampling techniques, strategies and instrumentation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:114988. [PMID: 32679437 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A wide variety of sampling techniques and strategies are needed to analyze polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) and interpret their distributions in various environmental media (i.e., air, water, snow, soils, sediments, peat and biological material). In this review, we provide a summary of commonly employed sampling methods and strategies, as well as a discussion of routine and innovative approaches used to quantify and characterize PACs in frequently targeted environmental samples, with specific examples and applications in Canadian investigations. The pros and cons of different analytical techniques, including gas chromatography - flame ionization detection (GC-FID), GC low-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-LRMS), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet, fluorescence or MS detection, GC high-resolution MS (GC-HRMS) and compound-specific stable (δ13C, δ2H) and radiocarbon (Δ14C) isotope analysis are considered. Using as an example research carried out in Canada's Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR), where alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sulfur-containing dibenzothiophenes are frequently targeted, the need to move beyond the standard list of sixteen EPA priority PAHs and for adoption of an AOSR bitumen PAC reference standard are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M E Ahad
- Geological Survey of Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Québec, QC, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Robie W Macdonald
- Institute of Ocean Sciences, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Sidney, BC, V8L 4B2, Canada
| | - Joanne L Parrott
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Zeyu Yang
- Emergencies Science and Technology Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Ottawa, ON, K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G3, Canada
| | - Tariq Siddique
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Alsu Kuznetsova
- Department of Renewable Resources, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2G7, Canada
| | - Cassandra Rauert
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Elisabeth Galarneau
- Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, ON, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | | | - Marlene Evans
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 3H5, Canada
| | - Mark E McMaster
- Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Burlington, ON, L7S 1A1, Canada
| | - Dayue Shang
- Pacific Environmental Science Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, North Vancouver, BC, V7H 1B1, Canada
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56
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Wang X, Xin J, Yuan M, Zhao F. Electron competition and electron selectivity in abiotic, biotic, and coupled systems for dechlorinating chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons in groundwater: A review. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 183:116060. [PMID: 32750534 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) have been frequently detected in aquifers in recent years. Owing to the bioaccumulation and toxicity of CAHs, it is essential to explore high-efficiency technologies for their complete dechlorination in groundwater. At present, the most widely used abiotic and biotic remediation technologies are based on zero-valent iron (ZVI) and functional anaerobic bacteria (FAB), respectively. However, the main obstacles to the full potential of both technologies in the field include their lowered efficiencies and increased economic costs due to the co-existence of a variety of natural electron acceptors in the environment, such as dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3-), sulfate (SO42-), ferric iron (Fe (III)), bicarbonate (HCO3-), and even water, which compete for electrons with the target contaminants. Therefore, a clear understanding of the mechanisms governing electron competition and electron selectivity is significant for the accurate evaluation of the effectiveness of both technologies under natural hydrochemical conditions. We collected data from both abiotic and biotic CAH-remediation systems, summarized the dechlorination and undesired reactions in groundwater, discussed the characterization methods and general principles of electron competition, and described strategies to improve electron selectivity in both systems. Furthermore, we reviewed the emerging ZVI-FAB coupled system, which integrates abiotic and biotic processes to enhance dechlorination performance and electron utilization efficiency. Lastly, we propose future research needs to quantitatively understand the electron competition in abiotic, biotic, and coupled systems in more detail and to promote improved electron selectivity in groundwater remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Jia Xin
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Mengjiao Yuan
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
| | - Fang Zhao
- Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Geological Engineering College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China
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57
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Wang C, Wallace AF, Heraty L, Qi H, Sturchio NC. Alkaline hydrolysis pathway of 2,4-dinitroanisole verified by 18O tracer experiment. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 396:122627. [PMID: 32305747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The environmental fate of insensitive munitions compounds, such as 2,4-dinitroanisole (DNAN), has drawn increasing attention because of their growing use in military activities. One of the main attenuation mechanisms of DNAN degradation in aqueous environments is alkaline hydrolysis. We investigated the pathway for alkaline hydrolysis of DNAN at pH 12 by a combined approach of experiment and theory. An experiment using 18O-labeled water was performed to verify the reaction pathway. Calculated free energies for two putative reaction pathways by density-functional theory optimized at the SMD(Pauling)/M06-2X/6-311++G(2d,2p) level including explicit solvation of DNAN by 10 H2O molecules and one OH- ion gave a prediction in agreement with the experimental result. The verified reaction pathway for alkaline hydrolysis of DNAN is a SN2Ar nucleophilic aromatic substitution with a methoxy leaving group (OCH3) at the C1 site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wang
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Adam F Wallace
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Linnea Heraty
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Haiping Qi
- Reston Stable Isotope Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA, 20192, USA
| | - Neil C Sturchio
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA.
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58
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Liu Y, Mekic M, Carena L, Vione D, Gligorovski S, Zhang G, Jin B. Tracking photodegradation products and bond-cleavage reaction pathways of triclosan using ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry and stable carbon isotope analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 264:114673. [PMID: 32388298 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is an antimicrobial compound ubiquitously found in surface waters throughout the world. Although several studies have focused on the photochemical degradation of TCS, there is still limited knowledge about its environmental fate. In this study, we got molecular-level insights into the photochemical degradation of TCS. Significant stable carbon isotope fractionation was observed during photodegradation; different bond-cleavage reaction pathways under different photolytic conditions were characterized, using compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA). Photochemical modeling of TCS photodegradation showed that direct photolysis would be the main transformation pathway if pH > 7, even in presence of dissolved organic matter. Moreover, by use of ultrahigh resolution mass spectrometry, FT-ICR-MS, a broad and complex spectrum of organic by-products (some of which potentially toxic, as assessed by a quantitative structure-activity relationship approach) were identified. A detailed reaction mechanism was developed on the basis of the detected compounds. A possible sequence of steps leading to some of the detected product compounds in aqueous solution is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Majda Mekic
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10069, China
| | - Luca Carena
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Davide Vione
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 5, 10125, Torino, Italy
| | - Sasho Gligorovski
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Gan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Biao Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
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59
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Torabi E, Wiegert C, Guyot B, Vuilleumier S, Imfeld G. Dissipation of S-metolachlor and butachlor in agricultural soils and responses of bacterial communities: Insights from compound-specific isotope and biomolecular analyses. J Environ Sci (China) 2020; 92:163-175. [PMID: 32430119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The soil dissipation of the widely used herbicides S-metolachlor (SM) and butachlor (BUT) was evaluated in laboratory microcosms at two environmentally relevant doses (15 and 150 μg/g) and for two agricultural soils (crop and paddy). Over 80% of SM and BUT were dissipated within 60 and 30 days, respectively, except in experiments with crop soil at 150 μg/g. Based on compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and observed dissipation, biodegradation was the main process responsible for the observed decrease of SM and BUT in the paddy soil. For SM, biodegradation dominated over other dissipation processes, with changes of carbon isotope ratios (Δδ13C) of up to 6.5‰ after 60 days, and concomitant production of ethane sulfonic acid (ESA) and oxanilic acid (OXA) transformation products. In crop soil experiments, biodegradation of SM occurred to a lesser extent than in paddy soil, and sorption was the main driver of apparent BUT dissipation. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed that soil type and duration of herbicide exposure were the main determinants of bacterial community variation. In contrast, herbicide identity and spiking dose had no significant effect. In paddy soil experiments, a high (4:1, V/V) ESA to OXA ratio for SM was observed, and phylotypes assigned to anaerobic Clostridiales and sulfur reducers such as Desulfuromonadales and Syntrophobacterales were dominant for both herbicides. Crop soil microcosms, in contrast, were associated with a reverse, low (1:3, V/V) ratio of ESA to OXA for SM, and Alphaproteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacillales dominated regardless of the herbicide. Our results emphasize the variability in the extent and modes of SM and BUT dissipation in agricultural soils, and in associated changes in bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehssan Torabi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Daneshkadeh St., P.O. Box #3158711167-4111, Karaj, Iran; Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7517 CNRS/EOST, 1 Rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France; Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, 4 Allée Konrad Roentgen, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Charline Wiegert
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7517 CNRS/EOST, 1 Rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Guyot
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7517 CNRS/EOST, 1 Rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie (GMGM), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7156 CNRS, 4 Allée Konrad Roentgen, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg, UMR 7517 CNRS/EOST, 1 Rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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60
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Ji L. Synergy between Experiments and Computations: A Green Channel for Revealing Metabolic Mechanism of Xenobiotics in Chemical Toxicology. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1539-1550. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.9b00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Ji
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Yuhangtang Road 866, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa Oiwake-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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61
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Accelerated solvent extraction combined with GC–MS: A convenient technique for the determination and compound-specific stable isotope analysis of phthalates in mine tailings. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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62
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Lou Y, Liu Y, Li N, Liu Y, Wang G, Zhao X, Wang H. The influence of carbon limitation on growth of Heterosigma akashiwo: A case study in fatty acids composition. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:135700. [PMID: 31818562 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Heterosigma akashiwo is an algal blooms species, and thus selected as the target microalgae in this work. This study attempted to investigate the influence of carbon limitation on the growth of H. akashiwo. Experiments were carried out in CO2-unlimited and CO2-limited systems (both include three nutritional groups). The stable isotope signatures and compound-specific stable three nutritional groups carbon isotopic composition of fatty acids were measured. Here we hypothesized that the carbon limitation could lead to the enriched of stable isotope ratios in the H. akashiwo. The results showed that carbon limitation made δ13C and δ13CFAs values more and more enriched in H. akashiwo. δ13C values were enriched in normal group of H. akashiwo within CO2-limited. δ15N values were enriched in nitrogen deficiency of H. akashiwo within both CO2-unlimited and CO2-limited. Furthermore, compared with the exponential phase, the enriched in δ13C was detected during the stationary phase in H. akashiwo within CO2-limited. A total of 8 major FAs were detected in H. akashiwo. Within CO2-unlimited, nitrogen deficiency promoted the synthesis of 4 FAs (14:1n-5c, 16:0, 18:0 and 18:3n-6c) in exponential phase. Within CO2-limited, nitrogen deficiency promoted the synthesis of FAs 14:0, 16:0 and 18:3n-3c, while phosphorus deficiency promoted the synthesis of all 6 FAs in exponential phase. δ13CFAs of H. akashiwo within CO2-limited showed the valley values and were significantly greater than those within CO2-unlimited. Furthermore, δ13CFAs of stationary phase were greater than those of exponential phase. δ13C14:1n-5c in nitrogen deficiency were the highest of the three nutrient groups within CO2-unlimited. This may point out that δ13CFAs could become an indicator of marine phytoplankton blooms. Overall, the present study may provide a novel approach to investigate the physiology and lipid metabolism of H. akashiwo blooms by using stable isotope ratios coupled with FAs profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadi Lou
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China; Environmental Information Institute, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China.
| | - Na Li
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Guoguang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Xinda Zhao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
| | - Haixia Wang
- Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, China
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63
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Gilevska T, Sullivan Ojeda A, Renpenning J, Kümmel S, Gehre M, Nijenhuis I, Sherwood Lollar B. Requirements for Chromium Reactors for Use in the Determination of H Isotopes in Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis of Chlorinated Compounds. Anal Chem 2020; 92:2383-2387. [PMID: 31898453 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b04737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
There is a strong need for careful quality control in hydrogen compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) of halogenated compounds. This arises in part due to the lack of universal design of the chromium (Cr) reactors. In this study, factors that optimize the critical performance parameter, linearity, for the Cr reduction method for hydrogen isotope analysis were identified and evaluated. These include the effects of short and long vertically mounted reactors and temperature profiles on trapping of Cl to ensure accurate and precise hydrogen isotope measurements. This paper demonstrates the critical parameters that need consideration to optimize any Cr reactor applications to ensure the accuracy of δ2H analysis for organic compounds and to enhance intercomparability for both international standards and reference materials run by continuous flow versus an elemental analyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetyana Gilevska
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B1 , Canada
| | - Ann Sullivan Ojeda
- Department of Earth Sciences , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario M5S 3B1 , Canada
| | - Julian Renpenning
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Permoserstrasse 15 , 04318 Leipzig , Germany
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Chen S, Zhang K, Jha RK, Ma L. Impact of atrazine concentration on bioavailability and apparent isotope fractionation in Gram-negative Rhizobium sp. CX-Z. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 257:113614. [PMID: 31761577 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific stable isotope analysis of micropollutants has become an established method for the qualitative and quantitative assessment of biodegradation in the field. However, many of environmental factors may have an influence on the observed isotope fractionation. Herein, we investigate the impact of substrate concentration on the observed enrichment factor derived from Rayleigh plot of batch laboratory experiments conducted to measure the atrazine carbon isotope fractionation of Rhizobium sp. CX-Z subjected to the different initial concentration level of atrazine. The Rayleigh plot (changes in bulk concentration vs. isotopic composition) derived from batch experiments shown divergence from the linear relation towards the end of degradation, confirming bioavailability of atrazine changed along with the decay of substrate concentration, consequently, influenced the isotope fractionation and lowered the observed enrichment factor. When microbial degradation is coupled to a mass transfer step limiting the bioavailability of substrate, the observed enrichment factor displays a dependence on initial atrazine concentration. Observed enrichment factors (ε) (absolute value) derived from the low concentration (i.e. 9.5 μM) are below 3.5‰ to the value of -5.4‰ determined at high bioavailability (membrane-free cells). The observed enrichment factor depended significantly on the atrazine concentration, indicating the concentration level and the bioavailability of a substrate in realistic environments should be considered during the assessment of microbial degradation or in situ bioremediation based on compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Rohit Kumar Jha
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Limin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
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Soil Sorption and Degradation Studies of Pharmaceutical Compounds Present in Recycled Wastewaters Based on Enantiomeric Fractionation. THE HANDBOOK OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/698_2020_638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Martin PR, Buchner D, Jochmann MA, Haderlein SB. Stable carbon isotope analysis of polyphosphonate complexing agents by anion chromatography coupled to isotope ratio mass spectrometry: method development and application. Anal Bioanal Chem 2019; 412:4827-4835. [PMID: 31813019 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02251-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis (carbon CSIA) by liquid chromatography/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (LC-IRMS) is a novel and promising tool to elucidate the environmental fate of polar organic compounds such as polyphosphonates, strong complexing agents for di- and trivalent cations with growing commercial importance over the last decades. Here, we present a LC-IRMS method for the three widely used polyphosphonates 1-hydroxyethane 1,1-diphosphonate (HEDP), amino tris(methylenephosphonate) (ATMP), and ethylenediamine tetra(methylenephosphonate) (EDTMP). Separation of the analytes, as well as ATMP and its degradation products, was carried out on an anion exchange column under acidic conditions. Quantitative wet chemical oxidation inside the LC-IRMS interface to CO2 was achieved for all three investigated polyphosphonates at a comparatively low sodium persulfate concentration despite the described resilience of HEDP towards oxidative breakdown. The developed method has proven to be suitable for the determination of carbon isotope fractionation of ATMP transformation due to manganese-catalyzed reaction with molecular oxygen, as well as for equilibrium sorption of ATMP to goethite. A kinetic isotope effect was associated with the investigated reaction pathway, whereas no detectable isotope fractionation could be observed during sorption. Thus, CSIA is an appropriate technique to distinguish between sorption and degradation processes that contribute to a concentration decrease of ATMP in laboratory batch experiments. Our study highlights the potential of carbon CSIA by LC-IRMS to gain a process-based understanding of the fate of polyphosphonate complexing agents in environmental as well as technical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp R Martin
- Center for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Buchner
- Center for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstr. 5, 45141, Essen, Germany
| | - Stefan B Haderlein
- Center for Applied Geoscience (ZAG), Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Hölderlinstr. 12, 72074, Tübingen, Germany
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Qian Y, Chen K, Liu Y, Li J. Assessment of hexachlorcyclohexane biodegradation in contaminated soil by compound-specific stable isotope analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113008. [PMID: 31400667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) was firstly applied to explore the biodegradation of hexachlorcyclohexane (HCH) isomers in contaminated soil. Concentrations and compound-specific carbon isotope ratio profiles of HCH in different specific ex-situ pilot-scale contaminated soil mesocosms were determined. The addition of nutrients and Sphingobium spp. significantly enhanced the degradation of HCH in contaminated soils within 90 days. Isomer specific biodegradation of HCHs was observed with α- and γ-HCH being more degradable than β and δ-HCH. Stable carbon isotope fractionation of HCH was observed and the δ13C values shifted from -28.8 ± 0.3‰ to -24.8 ± 0.7‰ upon 87.3% removal, -27.9 ± 0.2‰ to -25.9 ± 0.5‰ upon 72.8% removal, -29.4 ± 0.3‰ to -19.9 ± 0.6‰ upon 95.8% removal, and -27.8 ± 0.5‰ to -23.6 ± 0.7‰ after 96.9% removal for α, β, γ, and δ-HCH, respectively. Furthermore, the enrichment factor ε for α, β, γ, and δ-HCH biodegradation in soil was obtained for the first time as -2.0‰, -1.5‰, -3.2‰, and -1.4‰, which could play a critical role in assessing in situ biodegradation of HCH isomers in field site soil. Results from ex-situ pilot-scale experiments clearly demonstrated that CSIA could be a promising tool to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate in situ biodegradation of HCH in contaminated field site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Qian
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Ke Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yaqing Liu
- UFZ, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Permoserstr.15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juying Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
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Derrien M, Brogi SR, Gonçalves-Araujo R. Characterization of aquatic organic matter: Assessment, perspectives and research priorities. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 163:114908. [PMID: 31362212 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.114908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter (OM) refers to the largest reactive reservoir of carbon-based compounds on Earth. Aside of its role as a source of carbon, OM is also actively involved in a wide range of ecological functions. It also plays an important role in the solubility, toxicity, bioavailability, mobility and distribution of pollutants. Therefore, OM is a key component in the local and global carbon cycle. About 12,000 articles containing organic matter in the title were published during the past decade, with a continuous increasing number each year (ISI Web of Science). Although this topic was widely explored and its interest has significantly increased, some limitations remain. These limitations can be technical (e.g., pre-treatment processes, low-resolution instrument, data handling) and can be related to the current approach. In this review, we first present the current strategies and tools to characterize the organic matter in the aquatic environment, then we tackle several aspects of current characterization limitations. Finally, we suggest new perspectives and priorities of research to improve the current limitations. From our point of view, simultaneous studies of particulate and dissolved OM fractions should be prioritized and multi-disciplinary approach, creation of databases, controlled experiments and collaborative works should be the next targets for future OM research priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Derrien
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea.
| | - Simona Retelletti Brogi
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, South Korea; Biophysics Institute, Italian National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
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Burri NM, Weatherl R, Moeck C, Schirmer M. A review of threats to groundwater quality in the anthropocene. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 684:136-154. [PMID: 31153063 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Awareness concerning sustainable groundwater consumption under the context of land use and climate change is gaining traction, raising the bar for adequate understanding of the complexities of natural and anthropogenic processes and how they affect groundwater quality. The heterogeneous characteristics of aquifers have hampered comprehensive source, transport and contaminant identification. As questions remain about the behavior and prediction of well-known groundwater contaminants, new concerns around emerging contaminants are on the increase. This review highlights some of the key contaminants that originate from anthropogenic activities, organized based on land use categories namely agricultural, urban and industrial. It further highlights the extensive overlap, in terms of both provenance as well as contaminant type, between the different land use sectors. A selection of case studies from literature that describe the continued concern of established contaminants, as well as new and emerging compounds, are presented to illustrate the many qualitative threats to global groundwater resources. In some cases, the risk of groundwater contamination lacks adequate gravity, while in others the underlying physical and societal processes are not fully understood and activities may commence without adequately considering potential impacts. In the agricultural context, the historic and current application of fertilizers and plant protectants, use of veterinary pharmaceuticals and hormones, strives to safeguard the growing food demands. In the context of a sprawling urban environment, waste, human pharmaceuticals, and urban pesticide outputs are increasing, with adequate runoff and sanitation infrastructure often lagging. Finally, industrial activities are associated with accidental leaks and spills, while the large-scale storage of industrial byproducts has led to legacy contaminants such as those stemming from raw mineral extraction. With this review paper, we aim to underscore the need for transdisciplinary research, along with transboundary communication, using sound science and adaptive policy and management practice in order to procure sustainable groundwater quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Burri
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Neuchâtel, Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Robin Weatherl
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Neuchâtel, Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Christian Moeck
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Mario Schirmer
- Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Department Water Resources and Drinking Water, Dübendorf, Switzerland; University of Neuchâtel, Centre of Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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70
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Lihl C, Renpenning J, Kümmel S, Gelman F, Schürner HKV, Daubmeier M, Heckel B, Melsbach A, Bernstein A, Shouakar-Stash O, Gehre M, Elsner M. Toward Improved Accuracy in Chlorine Isotope Analysis: Synthesis Routes for In-House Standards and Characterization via Complementary Mass Spectrometry Methods. Anal Chem 2019; 91:12290-12297. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Lihl
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julian Renpenning
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Steffen Kümmel
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 32 Yeshayahu Leibowitz Street, 9692100 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Heide K. V. Schürner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martina Daubmeier
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Heckel
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 München, Germany
| | - Aileen Melsbach
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anat Bernstein
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 84990 Sede Boqer, Israel
| | - Orfan Shouakar-Stash
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Matthias Gehre
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research − UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 17, 81377 München, Germany
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A concept for studying the transformation reaction of hexachlorocyclohexanes in food webs using multi-element compound-specific isotope analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1064:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ojeda AS, Phillips E, Mancini SA, Lollar BS. Sources of Uncertainty in Biotransformation Mechanistic Interpretations and Remediation Studies using CSIA. Anal Chem 2019; 91:9147-9153. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b01756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann Sullivan Ojeda
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Phillips
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
| | - Silvia A. Mancini
- Geosyntec Consultants Inc., 243 Islington Avenue #1201, Etobicoke, Ontario M8X 1Y9, Canada
| | - Barbara Sherwood Lollar
- Department of Earth Sciences, The University of Toronto, 22 Russell Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3B1, Canada
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Chen S, Zhang K, Jha RK, Chen C, Yu H, Liu Y, Ma L. Isotope fractionation in atrazine degradation reveals rate-limiting, energy-dependent transport across the cell membrane of gram-negative rhizobium sp. CX-Z. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:857-864. [PMID: 30856501 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In the biological mass transfer of organic contaminants like atrazine, the cellular membrane limits bioavailability of pesticides. We aimed to illustrate the roles of cellular membrane physiology and substrate uptake (e.g., passive diffusion and energy-dependent transport) on the limitations of bioavailability in atrazine biodegradation by Gram-negative strain Rhizobium sp. CX-Z. Compound-specific stable isotope analysis revealed energy-dependent transport across cellular membrane led to bioavailability limitations in atrazine biotransformation. Carbon isotope fractionation (ε(C) = -1.8 ± 0.3‰) was observed and significantly smaller in atrazine biodegradation by Rhizobium sp. CX-Z than that expected in acid hydrolysis (ε(C) = -4.8 ± 0.4‰) and hydrolysis by the pure enzyme TrzN (ε(C) = -5.0 ± 0.2‰). However, isotope fractionation was restored in membrane-free cells of Rhizobium sp. CX-Z (ε(C) = -5.4 ± 0.2‰) where no cellular membrane limits substrate uptake. When respiratory chain was inhibited by rotenone, the pseudo-first order kinetic rate constants (0.08 ± 0.03 h-1, 0.09 ± 0.03 h-1) was observed to be statistically less than in the control group (0.23 ± 0.02 h-1, 0.33 ± 0.02 h-1), demonstrating that energy-dependent transport dominated atrazine transfer across the cellular membrane. Therefore, our results revealed energy-dependent transport across cellular membrane existing in Gram-negative strain Rhizobium sp. CX-Z determines bioavailability of atrazine in biotransformation process even at high concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songsong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China
| | - Kai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Rohit Kumar Jha
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Chong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Haiyan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Limin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, 200092, PR China.
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Kuder T, Bernstein A, Gelman F. Derivatization-free method for compound-specific isotope analysis of nonexchangeable hydrogen of 4-bromophenol. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2019; 33:667-677. [PMID: 30512206 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a valuable tool in environmental chemistry and in other fields of science. Currently, hydrogen CSIA of polar compounds containing exchangeable hydrogen is uncommon. To extend the scope of CSIA applications, we present an alternative method of analysis, bypassing the typical step of derivatization. The method is demonstrated for two environmental contaminants, 4-bromophenol (4BP) and 2,4,6-tribromophenol (TBP). METHODS Net isotope ratios obtained by CSIA combine the isotope composition of nonexchangeable, carbon-bound hydrogen and the exchangeable hydroxyl hydrogen. To constrain the isotope composition of the latter, an ethyl acetate solution of 4BP or TBP injected into the IRMS instrument was amended with excess water of known isotope composition. The results were calibrated using bracketing control samples analyzed in sequence with the unknown samples and the known isotope ratios of water present in ethyl acetate solution. RESULTS The analytical precision was comparable to the precision for halogenated compounds without exchangeable hydrogen, analyzed using similar instrumentation. The isotope ratios of the bromophenols correlated with the isotope composition of the water in the sample matrix, suggesting that the hydroxyl group of the target compound remained close to the equilibrium with the sample water during the passage through the instrument. Based on this relationship, the signatures of the nonexchangeable hydrogen were obtained using the isotope composition of sample water as the proxy for the isotope composition of the target compound hydroxyl group. CONCLUSIONS The developed method could be adopted to analysis of other low molecular weight compounds amenable to gas chromatography without the absolute need for derivatization. Currently, the method can be used for samples from laboratory experiments, with high concentrations of the target compound to provide mechanistic insight into the degradation mechanisms. Further work would be required to optimize the method to low concentration environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kuder
- School of Geology and Geophysics, University of Oklahoma, 100 E. Boyd Street, SEC 710, Norman, OK, 73019, USA
| | - Anat Bernstein
- Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Department of Environmental Hydrology and Microbiology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Sede Boqer Campus, 84990, Israel
| | - Faina Gelman
- Geological Survey of Israel, 30 Malkhei Israel St., Jerusalem, 95501, Israel
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Zhang D, Wu L, Yao J, Vogt C, Richnow HH. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic fractionation during abiotic hydrolysis and aerobic biodegradation of phthalate esters. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 660:559-566. [PMID: 30641383 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We systematically investigated the changes of carbon and hydrogen isotope signatures of three phthalate esters (PAEs) during (i) abiotic hydrolysis over the pH range of 2, 7 and 10, and (ii) aerobic biodegradation initiated by hydrolysis by Rhodococcus opacus strain DSM 43250. Significant carbon isotopic fractionation was exhibited under all investigated conditions. Hydrogen isotopic fractionation was observed in some experiments and is hypothesized to be a secondary isotope effect due to the absence of a hydrogen bond cleavage during hydrolysis. Dual stable isotope analysis (Λ = Δδ2H/Δδ13C) resulting from abiotic hydrolysis and aerobic biodegradation showed similar magnitudes for dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and diethyl phthalate (DEP). The calculated carbon apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIEC) for the hydrolytic pathway (CO bond cleavage) of PAEs fall within an expected range of 1.03-1.09, with the exception of lower AKIEC values for dibutyl phthalate (DBP) during hydrolysis at pH 2 and aerobic biodegradation. The lower AKIEC of DBP at pH 2 and aerobic biodegradation is likely related to a transition state from reactant-like to tetrahedral intermediate-like structure. Abiotic and biotic hydrolysis of PAEs resulted in similar AKIEC and Λ values due to the CO bond cleavage pathway, indicating the potential of dual isotope analysis to detect and quantify hydrolytic processes of PAEs in the environment. The pronounced primary carbon and typically low secondary or absent hydrogen isotopic fractionation might form a typical pattern to identify the hydrolytic reaction of PAEs in the environment. The characteristic Λ values of the hydrolytic reaction were different from Λ values of chemical oxidation of PAEs and showed diagnostic potential of dual HC isotope analysis to analyze reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Xueyuan Road No.30, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China; Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Jun Yao
- Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Xueyuan Road No.29, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany
| | - Hans-Hermann Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, Leipzig 04318, Germany; Research Center of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Xueyuan Road No.29, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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Zubrod JP, Bundschuh M, Arts G, Brühl CA, Imfeld G, Knäbel A, Payraudeau S, Rasmussen JJ, Rohr J, Scharmüller A, Smalling K, Stehle S, Schulz R, Schäfer RB. Fungicides: An Overlooked Pesticide Class? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:3347-3365. [PMID: 30835448 PMCID: PMC6536136 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b04392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are indispensable to global food security and their use is forecasted to intensify. Fungicides can reach aquatic ecosystems and occur in surface water bodies in agricultural catchments throughout the entire growing season due to their frequent, prophylactic application. However, in comparison to herbicides and insecticides, the exposure to and effects of fungicides have received less attention. We provide an overview of the risk of fungicides to aquatic ecosystems covering fungicide exposure (i.e., environmental fate, exposure modeling, and mitigation measures) as well as direct and indirect effects of fungicides on microorganisms, macrophytes, invertebrates, and vertebrates. We show that fungicides occur widely in aquatic systems, that the accuracy of predicted environmental concentrations is debatable, and that fungicide exposure can be effectively mitigated. We additionally demonstrate that fungicides can be highly toxic to a broad range of organisms and can pose a risk to aquatic biota. Finally, we outline central research gaps that currently challenge our ability to predict fungicide exposure and effects, promising research avenues, and shortcomings of the current environmental risk assessment for fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen P. Zubrod
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Mirco Bundschuh
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Department
of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish
University of Agricultural Sciences, Lennart Hjelms väg 9, SWE-75007 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gertie Arts
- Wageningen
Environmental Research, Wageningen University
and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten A. Brühl
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratoire
d’Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Anja Knäbel
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- Laboratoire
d’Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Jes J. Rasmussen
- Aarhus
University, Dept. of Bioscience, Vejlsoevej 25, 8600 Silkeborg, Denmark
| | - Jason Rohr
- University
of South Florida, Department of Integrative
Biology, Tampa, Florida, United States
- Department
of Biological Sciences, Environmental Change Initiative, and Eck Institute
for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United
States
| | - Andreas Scharmüller
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
| | - Kelly Smalling
- U.S.
Geological Survey, New Jersey Water Science
Center, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States
| | - Sebastian Stehle
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Ralf Schulz
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
- Eußerthal
Ecosystem Research Station, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Birkenthalstraße
13, D-76857 Eußerthal, Germany
| | - Ralf B. Schäfer
- Institute
for Environmental Sciences, University of
Koblenz-Landau, Fortstraße
7, D-76829 Landau, Germany
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78
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Torrentó C, Bakkour R, Glauser G, Melsbach A, Ponsin V, Hofstetter TB, Elsner M, Hunkeler D. Solid-phase extraction method for stable isotope analysis of pesticides from large volume environmental water samples. Analyst 2019; 144:2898-2908. [PMID: 30896686 DOI: 10.1039/c9an00160c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) is a valuable tool for assessing the fate of organic pollutants in the environment. However, the requirement of sufficient analyte mass for precise isotope ratio mass spectrometry combined with prevailing low environmental concentrations currently limits comprehensive applications to many micropollutants. Here, we evaluate the upscaling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) approaches for routine CSIA of herbicides. To cover a wide range of polarity, a SPE method with two sorbents (a hydrophobic hypercrosslinked sorbent and a hydrophilic sorbent) was developed. Extraction conditions, including the nature and volume of the elution solvent, the amount of sorbent and the solution pH, were optimized. Extractions of up to 10 L of agricultural drainage water (corresponding to up to 200 000-fold pre-concentration) were successfully performed for precise and sensitive carbon and nitrogen CSIA of the target herbicides atrazine, acetochlor, metolachlor and chloridazon, and metabolites desethylatrazine, desphenylchloridazon and 2,6-dichlorobenzamide in the sub-μg L-1-range. 13C/12C and 15N/14N ratios were measured by gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/IRMS), except for desphenylchloridazon, for which liquid chromatography (LC/IRMS) and derivatization-GC/IRMS were used, respectively. The method validated in this study is an important step towards analyzing isotope ratios of pesticide mixtures in aquatic systems and holds great potential for multi-element CSIA applications to trace pesticide degradation in complex environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Torrentó
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Rani Bakkour
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gaétan Glauser
- Neuchâtel Platform of Analytical Chemistry (NPAC), University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Aileen Melsbach
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Violaine Ponsin
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Martin Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany and Technical University of Munich, Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN), University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
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79
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Melsbach A, Ponsin V, Torrentó C, Lihl C, Hofstetter TB, Hunkeler D, Elsner M. 13C- and 15N-Isotope Analysis of Desphenylchloridazon by Liquid Chromatography-Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry and Derivatization Gas Chromatography-Isotope-Ratio Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2019; 91:3412-3420. [PMID: 30672693 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b04906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The widespread application of herbicides impacts surface water and groundwater. Metabolites (e.g., desphenylchloridazon from chloridazon) may be persistent and even more polar than the parent herbicide, which increases the risk of groundwater contamination. When parent herbicides are still applied, metabolites are constantly formed and may also be degraded. Evaluating their degradation on the basis of concentration measurements is, therefore, difficult. This study presents compound-specific stable-isotope analysis (CSIA) of nitrogen- and carbon-isotope ratios at natural abundances as an alternative analytical approach to track the origin, formation, and degradation of desphenylchloridazon (DPC), the major degradation product of the herbicide chloridazon. Methods were developed and validated for carbon- and nitrogen-isotope analysis (δ13C and δ15N) of DPC by liquid chromatography-isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (LC-IRMS) and derivatization gas chromatography-IRMS (GC-IRMS), respectively. Injecting standards directly onto an Atlantis LC-column resulted in reproducible δ13C-isotope analysis (standard deviation <0.5‰) by LC-IRMS with a limit of precise analysis of 996 ng of DPC on-column. Accurate and reproducible δ15N analysis with a standard deviation of <0.4‰ was achieved by GC-IRMS after derivatization of >100 ng of DPC with 160-fold excess of (trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. Application of the method to environmental-seepage water indicated that newly formed DPC could be distinguished from "old" DPC by the different isotopic signatures of the two DPC sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aileen Melsbach
- Helmholtz Zentrum München , Institute of Groundwater Ecology , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Violaine Ponsin
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN) , University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland
| | - Clara Torrentó
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN) , University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland
| | - Christina Lihl
- Helmholtz Zentrum München , Institute of Groundwater Ecology , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag) , 8600 Dübendorf , Switzerland
| | - Daniel Hunkeler
- Centre for Hydrogeology and Geothermics (CHYN) , University of Neuchâtel , 2000 Neuchâtel , Switzerland
| | - Martin Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum München , Institute of Groundwater Ecology , 85764 Neuherberg , Germany.,Chair of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry , Technical University of Munich , 81377 Munich , Germany
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80
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Ehrl B, Kundu K, Gharasoo M, Marozava S, Elsner M. Rate-Limiting Mass Transfer in Micropollutant Degradation Revealed by Isotope Fractionation in Chemostat. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1197-1205. [PMID: 30514083 PMCID: PMC6365907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b05175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of persistent micropollutants like pesticides often slows down at low concentrations (μg/L) in the environment. Mass transfer limitations or physiological adaptation are debated to be responsible. Although promising, evidence from compound-specific isotope fractionation analysis (CSIA) remains unexplored for bacteria adapted to this low concentration regime. We accomplished CSIA for degradation of a persistent pesticide, atrazine, during cultivation of Arthrobacter aurescens TC1 in chemostat under four different dilution rates leading to 82, 62, 45, and 32 μg/L residual atrazine concentrations. Isotope analysis of atrazine in chemostat experiments with whole cells revealed a drastic decrease in isotope fractionation with declining residual substrate concentration from ε(C) = -5.36 ± 0.20‰ at 82 μg/L to ε(C) = -2.32 ± 0.28‰ at 32 μg/L. At 82 μg/L ε(C) represented the full isotope effect of the enzyme reaction. At lower residual concentrations smaller ε(C) indicated that this isotope effect was masked indicating that mass transfer across the cell membrane became rate-limiting. This onset of mass transfer limitation appeared in a narrow concentration range corresponding to about 0.7 μM assimilable carbon. Concomitant changes in cell morphology highlight the opportunity to study the role of this onset of mass transfer limitation on the physiological level in cells adapted to low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benno
N. Ehrl
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kankana Kundu
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mehdi Gharasoo
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sviatlana Marozava
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute
of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum
München, Ingolstädter
Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
- Chair
of Analytical Chemistry and Water Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 17, 81377 Munich, Germany
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81
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Masbou J, Drouin G, Payraudeau S, Imfeld G. Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope fractionation during abiotic hydrolysis of pesticides. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 213:368-376. [PMID: 30241081 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific Stable Isotope Analysis (CSIA) has been recently established as a tool to study pesticide degradation in the environment. Among degradative processes, hydrolysis is environmentally relevant as it can be chemically or enzymatically mediated. Here, CSIA was used to examine stable carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation during abiotic hydrolysis of legacy or currently used pesticides (chloroacetanilide herbicides: Acetochlor, Alachlor, S-Metolachlor and Butachlor, acylalanine fungicide: Metalaxyl, and triazine herbicide: Atrazine). Degradation products analysis and CN dual-CSIA allowed to infer hydrolytic degradation pathways from carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation. Carbon isotopic fractionation for alkaline hydrolysis revealed similar apparent kinetic isotope effects (AKIEC = 1.03-1.07) for the 6 pesticides, which were consistent with SN2 type nucleophilic substitutions. Neither enantio-selectivity (EF ≈ 0.5) nor enantio-specific isotope fractionation occurred during hydrolysis of R (AKIEC = 1.04 ± 0.01) and S (AKIEC = 1.04 ± 0.02) enantiomers of a racemic mixture of Metalaxyl. Dual element isotope plots enabled to tease apart CCl bond breaking of alkane (Λ ≈ εN/εC ≈ 0, Acetochlor, Butachlor) and aromatic π-system (Λ ≈ 0.2, Atrazine) from CO bond breaking by dealkylation (Λ ≈ 0.9, Metalaxyl). Reference values for abiotic versus biotic SN2 reactions derived from carbon and nitrogen CSIA may be used to untangle pesticide degradation pathways and evaluate in situ degradation during natural and engineered remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Masbou
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Guillaume Drouin
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084, Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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82
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Imfeld G, Besaury L, Maucourt B, Donadello S, Baran N, Vuilleumier S. Toward Integrative Bacterial Monitoring of Metolachlor Toxicity in Groundwater. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2053. [PMID: 30386304 PMCID: PMC6198151 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Common herbicides such as metolachlor (MET), and their transformation products, are frequently detected in groundwater worldwide. Little is known about the response of groundwater bacterial communities to herbicide exposure, and its potential use for ecotoxicological assessment. The response of bacterial communities exposed to different levels of MET from the Ariège alluvial aquifer (Southwest of France) was investigated in situ and in laboratory experiments. Variations in both chemistry and bacterial communities were observed in groundwater, but T-RFLP analysis did not allow to uncover a pesticide-specific effect on endogenous bacterial communities. To circumvent issues of hydrogeochemical and seasonal variations in situ, groundwater samples from two monitoring wells of the Ariège aquifer with contrasting records of pesticide contamination were exposed to different levels of MET in laboratory experiments. The standard Microtox® acute toxicity assay did not indicate toxic effects of MET, even at 5 mg L-1 (i.e., 1000-fold higher than in contaminated groundwater). Analysis of MET transformation products and compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) in laboratory experiments demonstrated MET biodegradation but did not correlate with MET exposure. High-throughput sequencing analysis (Illumina MiSeq) of bacterial communities based on amplicons of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that bacterial community differed mainly by groundwater origin rather than by its response to MET exposure. OTUs correlating with MET addition ranged between 0.4 to 3.6% of the total. Predictive analysis of bacterial functions impacted by pesticides using PICRUSt suggested only minor changes in bacterial functions with increasing MET exposure. Taken together, results highlight MET biodegradation in groundwater, and the potential use of bacterial communities as sensitive indicators of herbicide contamination in aquifers. Although detected effects of MET on groundwater bacterial communities were modest, this study illustrates the potential of integrating DNA- and isotopic analysis-based approaches to improve ecotoxicological assessment of pesticide-contaminated aquifers. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACTAn integrative approach was develop to investigate in situ and in laboratory experiments the response of bacterial communities exposed to different levels of MET from the Ariége alluvial aquifer (Southwest of France).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry, EOST-CNRS, LHyGeS UMR 7517, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ludovic Besaury
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, GMGM UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bruno Maucourt
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, GMGM UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Stéphanie Donadello
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, GMGM UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicole Baran
- Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Miniéres (BRGM), Orléans, France
| | - Stéphane Vuilleumier
- Génétique Moléculaire, Génomique, Microbiologie, GMGM UMR 7156, CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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83
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Wu L, Verma D, Bondgaard M, Melvej A, Vogt C, Subudhi S, Richnow HH. Carbon and hydrogen isotope analysis of parathion for characterizing its natural attenuation by hydrolysis at a contaminated site. WATER RESEARCH 2018; 143:146-154. [PMID: 29945030 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) for assessing in situ hydrolysis of parathion was investigated in a contaminated aquifer at a former pesticide wastes landfill site. Stable isotope analysis of parathion extracted from groundwater taken from different monitoring wells revealed a maximum enrichment in carbon isotope ratio of +4.9‰ compared to the source of parathion, providing evidence that in situ hydrolysis took place. Calculations based on the Rayleigh-equation approach indicated that the natural attenuation of parathion was up to 8.6% by hydrolysis under neutral and acidic conditions. In degradation experiments with aerobic and anaerobic parathion-degrading microbes, no carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation of parathion were observed. For the first time, CSIA has been applied for the exclusive assessment of the hydrolysis of phosphorothioate-containing organophosphorus pesticides at a contaminated field site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dipti Verma
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Morten Bondgaard
- Department of Environment, Central Denmark Region, Lægårdvej 10, 7500 Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Anja Melvej
- Department of Environment, Central Denmark Region, Lægårdvej 10, 7500 Holstebro, Denmark
| | - Carsten Vogt
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sanjukta Subudhi
- Environmental and Industrial Biotechnology Division, The Energy and Resources Institute, New Delhi 110003, India
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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84
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Alvarez-Zaldívar P, Payraudeau S, Meite F, Masbou J, Imfeld G. Pesticide degradation and export losses at the catchment scale: Insights from compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA). WATER RESEARCH 2018; 139:198-207. [PMID: 29649704 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although pesticides undergo degradation tests prior to use, determining their export, degradation and persistence under field conditions remains a challenge for water resource management. Compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) can provide evidence of contaminant degradation extent, as it is generally independent of non-destructive dissipation (e.g., dilution, sorption, volatilization) regulating environmental concentrations. While this approach has been successfully implemented in subsurface environments, its application to pesticides in near-surface hydrological contexts at catchment scale is lacking. This study demonstrates the applicability of CSIA to track pesticide degradation and export at catchment scale and identify pesticide source areas contributing to changes in stable isotope signature in stream discharge under dynamic hydrological contexts. Based on maximum shifts in carbon stable isotope signatures (Δδ13C = 4.6 ± 0.5‰) of S-metolachlor (S-met), a widely used herbicide, we estimate maximum degradation to have reached 96 ± 3% two months after first application. Maximum shifts in nitrogen isotope signatures were small and inverse (Δδ15N=-1.3±0.6‰) indicating potential secondary isotope effects during degradation. In combination with a mass balance approach including S-met main degradation products, total catchment non-destructive dissipation was estimated to have reached 8 ± 7% of the applied product. Our results show that CSIA can be applied to evaluate natural attenuation of pesticides at catchment scale. By providing a more detailed account of pesticide dissipation and persistence under field conditions we anticipate the contribution of pesticide CSIA to the improvement of regulatory and monitoring strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Alvarez-Zaldívar
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Strasbourg University/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylvain Payraudeau
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Strasbourg University/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Fatima Meite
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Strasbourg University/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Jeremy Masbou
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Strasbourg University/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratory of Hydrology and Geochemistry of Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Strasbourg University/ENGEES, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67000 Strasbourg, France.
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85
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Jin B, Nijenhuis I, Rolle M. Simulation of dual carbon-bromine stable isotope fractionation during 1,2-dibromoethane degradation. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2018; 54:418-434. [PMID: 29852794 DOI: 10.1080/10256016.2018.1468759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We performed a model-based investigation to simultaneously predict the evolution of concentration, as well as stable carbon and bromine isotope fractionation during 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB, ethylene dibromide) transformation in a closed system. The modelling approach considers bond-cleavage mechanisms during different reactions and allows evaluating dual carbon-bromine isotopic signals for chemical and biotic reactions, including aerobic and anaerobic biological transformation, dibromoelimination by Zn(0) and alkaline hydrolysis. The proposed model allowed us to accurately simulate the evolution of concentrations and isotope data observed in a previous laboratory study and to successfully identify different reaction pathways. Furthermore, we illustrated the model capabilities in degradation scenarios involving complex reaction systems. Specifically, we examined (i) the case of sequential multistep transformation of EDB and the isotopic evolution of the parent compound, the intermediate and the reaction product and (ii) the case of parallel competing abiotic pathways of EDB transformation in alkaline solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Jin
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
- b State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou , People's Republic of China
| | - Ivonne Nijenhuis
- c Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry , Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ , Leipzig , Germany
| | - Massimo Rolle
- a Department of Environmental Engineering , Technical University of Denmark , Kgs. Lyngby , Denmark
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86
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Masbou J, Meite F, Guyot B, Imfeld G. Enantiomer-specific stable carbon isotope analysis (ESIA) to evaluate degradation of the chiral fungicide Metalaxyl in soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2018; 353:99-107. [PMID: 29649698 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Chiral pesticides are often degraded enantioselectively in soils, leading to disparity among enantiomers that may display different toxicity levels. Monitoring pesticide degradation extents and processes remains out of reach in the field using conventional bulk and enantiomer concentration analyses. Enantioselective stable carbon isotope analysis (ESIA) combines compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) and enantioselective analysis, and bears potential to distinguish enantiomer degradation from non-destructive dissipation. We developed ESIA of the fungicide Metalaxyl, providing the 13C/12C ratios for S-Metalaxyl and R-Metalaxyl separately, and applied it to follow degradation in soil incubation experiments. Significant enantioselective degradation (kS-MTY = 0.007-0.011 day-1 < kR-MTY = 0.03-0.07 day-1) was associated with isotope fractionation (Δδ13CS-MTY ranging from 2 to 6‰). While R-Metalaxyl degradation was rapid (T1/2≈10 days), concomitant enrichment in heavy isotopes of the persistent S-Metalaxyl occurred after 200 days of incubation (εS-Metalaxyl ranging from -1.3 to -2.7‰). In contrast, initial racemic ratios and isotopic compositions were conserved in abiotic experiments, which indicates the predominance of microbial degradation in soils. Degradation products analysis and apparent kinetic isotope effect (AKIE) suggested hydroxylation as a major enantioselective degradation pathway in our soils. Altogether, our study underscores the potential of ESIA to evaluate the degradation extent and mechanisms of chiral micropollutants in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémy Masbou
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Fatima Meite
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Benoît Guyot
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Gwenaël Imfeld
- Laboratoire d'Hydrologie et de Géochimie de Strasbourg (LHyGeS), Université de Strasbourg/EOST, CNRS, 1 rue Blessig, 67084 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
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87
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Bouchet S, Bérail S, Amouroux D. Hg Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis at Ultratrace Levels Using an on Line Gas Chromatographic Preconcentration and Separation Strategy Coupled to Multicollector-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7809-7816. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Bouchet
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et Les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - Sylvain Bérail
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et Les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
| | - David Amouroux
- CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour, Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie Pour l’Environnement et Les Matériaux, UMR5254, 64000, Pau, France
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88
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Bakkour R, Bolotin J, Sellergren B, Hofstetter TB. Molecularly Imprinted Polymers for Compound-Specific Isotope Analysis of Polar Organic Micropollutants in Aquatic Environments. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7292-7301. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rani Bakkour
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jakov Bolotin
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Börje Sellergren
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Malmö University, 20506 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Thomas B. Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, ETH Zürich, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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89
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Duncan CM, Mainhagu J, Lin D, Brusseau ML. Analysis of trichloroethene vapour in soil-gas samples using solid-sorbent tubes with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY (COLLINGWOOD, VIC.) 2018; 14:495-501. [PMID: 30598624 PMCID: PMC6309363 DOI: 10.1071/en17161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A sampling method for the determination of chlorinated contaminant vapor concentrations present in the vadose zone, specifically TCE, has been developed, and was applied at the Tucson International Airport Authority (TIAA) Superfund site. The method, modified from the NIOSH Manual of Analytical Methods (NMAM) # 1022 for ambient-air sampling of TCE, is targeted to situations requiring cost effective sample collection, particularly for cases when concentrations are at or below maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). In the modified NIOSH method, TCE vapor is sampled using a solid sorbent tube. Gas Chromatography with Mass Spectrometry is used to confirm and quantify the presence of TCE. The results of laboratory tests demonstrate a maximum TCE vapor load of approximately 22 mg before breakthrough to the secondary sorbent tube section, and an extraction efficiency of approximately 97%. The results of a performance comparison test conducted in the field demonstrated that concentrations obtained with the sorbent tube samplers (~5 ug/L) were similar to those obtained with the use of standard Summa canisters (~3 ug/L). The quantitative detection limit for the new method was 0.03 ug/L under the operative conditions, a significant improvement to current regulatory analytical methods. The results indicate that use of the sorbent tube method will be effective for vapor sample collection at VOC-contaminated sites, particularly in characterizing low concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candice M. Duncan
- Soil, Water and Environmental Science Department, School of
Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Jon Mainhagu
- Soil, Water and Environmental Science Department, School of
Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Dan Lin
- Soil, Water and Environmental Science Department, School of
Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Mark L. Brusseau
- Soil, Water and Environmental Science Department, School of
Earth and Environmental Sciences,University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
- Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences Department, School of
Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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90
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Wu L, Chládková B, Lechtenfeld OJ, Lian S, Schindelka J, Herrmann H, Richnow HH. Characterizing chemical transformation of organophosphorus compounds by 13C and 2H stable isotope analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 615:20-28. [PMID: 28961438 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.09.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Continuous and excessive use of organophosphorus compounds (OPs) has led to environmental contaminations which raise public concerns. This study investigates the isotope fractionation patterns of OPs in the aquatic environment dependence upon hydrolysis, photolysis and radical oxidation processes. The hydrolysis of parathion (EP) and methyl parathion (MP) resulted in significant carbon fractionation at lower pH (pH2-7, εC=-6.9~-6.0‰ for EP, -10.5~-9.9‰ for MP) but no detectable carbon fractionation at higher pH (pH12). Hydrogen fractionation was not observed during any of the hydrolysis experiments. These results indicate that compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA) allows distinction of two different pH-dependent pathways of hydrolysis. Carbon and hydrogen isotope fractionation were determined during UV/H2O2 photolysis of EP and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP). The constant δ2H values determined during the OH radical reaction of EP suggested that the rate-limiting step proceeded through oxidative attack by OH radical on the PS bond. The significant H isotope enrichment suggested that OH radical oxidation of TCEP was caused by an H-abstraction during the UV/H2O2 processes (εH=-56±3‰). Fenton reaction was conducted to validate the H isotope enrichment of TCEP associated with radical oxidation, which yielded εH of -34±5‰. Transformation products of OPs during photodegradation were identified using Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). This study highlights that the carbon and hydrogen fractionation patterns have the potential to elucidate the transformation of OPs in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Langping Wu
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Barbora Chládková
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Shujuan Lian
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janine Schindelka
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hartmut Herrmann
- Atmospheric Chemistry Department (ACD), Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans H Richnow
- Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
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91
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Willach S, Lutze HV, Eckey K, Löppenberg K, Lüling M, Wolbert JB, Kujawinski DM, Jochmann MA, Karst U, Schmidt TC. Direct Photolysis of Sulfamethoxazole Using Various Irradiation Sources and Wavelength Ranges-Insights from Degradation Product Analysis and Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:1225-1233. [PMID: 29303258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b04744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The environmental micropollutant sulfamethoxazole (SMX) is susceptible to phototransformation by sunlight and UV-C light which is used for water disinfection. Depending on the environmental pH conditions SMX may be present as neutral or anionic species. This study systematically investigates the phototransformation of these two relevant SMX species using four different irradiation scenarios, i.e., a low, medium, and high pressure Hg lamp and simulated sunlight. The observed phototransformation kinetics are complemented by data from compound-specific stable isotope and transformation product analysis using isotope-ratio and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Observed phototransformation kinetics were faster for the neutral than for the anionic SMX species (from 3.4 (LP lamp) up to 6.6 (HP lamp) times). Furthermore, four phototransformation products (with m/z 189, 202, 242, and 260) were detected by HRMS that have not yet been described for direct photolysis of SMX. Isotopic fractionation occurred only if UV-B and UV-A wavelengths prevailed in the emitted irradiation and was most pronounced for the neutral species with simulated sunlight (εC = -4.8 ± 0.1 ‰). Phototransformation of SMX with UV-C light did not cause significant isotopic fractionation. Consequently, it was possible to differentiate sunlight and UV-C light induced phototransformation of SMX. Thus, CSIA might be implemented to trace back wastewater point sources or to assess natural attenuation of SMX by sunlight photolysis. In contrast to the wavelength range, pH-dependent speciation of SMX hardly impacted isotopic fractionation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Willach
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Holger V Lutze
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre , Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Kevin Eckey
- University of Muenster , Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28-30 D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Katja Löppenberg
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Michelle Lüling
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Jens-Benjamin Wolbert
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Dorothea M Kujawinski
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Maik A Jochmann
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Uwe Karst
- University of Muenster , Institute of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Corrensstraße 28-30 D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Torsten C Schmidt
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Faculty of Chemistry, Instrumental Analytical Chemistry, Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
- IWW Water Centre , Moritzstraße 26, D-45476 Muelheim an der Ruhr, Germany
- University of Duisburg-Essen , Centre for Water and Environmental Research (ZWU), Universitaetsstraße 5 D-45141 Essen, Germany
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92
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Tea I, Tcherkez G. Natural Isotope Abundance in Metabolites: Techniques and Kinetic Isotope Effect Measurement in Plant, Animal, and Human Tissues. Methods Enzymol 2017; 596:113-147. [PMID: 28911768 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2017.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The natural isotope abundance in bulk organic matter or tissues is not a sufficient base to investigate physiological properties, biosynthetic mechanisms, and nutrition sources of biological systems. In fact, isotope effects in metabolism lead to a heterogeneous distribution of 2H, 18O, 13C, and 15N isotopes in metabolites. Therefore, compound-specific isotopic analysis (CSIA) is crucial to biological and medical applications of stable isotopes. Here, we review methods to implement CSIA for 15N and 13C from plant, animal, and human samples and discuss technical solutions that have been used for the conversion to CO2 and N2 for IRMS analysis, derivatization and isotope effect measurements. It appears that despite the flexibility of instruments used for CSIA, there is no universal method simply because the chemical nature of metabolites of interest varies considerably. Also, CSIA methods are often limited by isotope effects in sample preparation or the addition of atoms from the derivatizing reagents, and this implies that corrections must be made to calculate a proper δ-value. Therefore, CSIA has an enormous potential for biomedical applications, but its utilization requires precautions for its successful application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Illa Tea
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Cancer Metabolism and Genetics Group, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; EBSI Team, CEISAM, University of Nantes-CNRS UMR 6230, Nantes, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
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93
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Brienza M, Chiron S. Enantioselective reductive transformation of climbazole: A concept towards quantitative biodegradation assessment in anaerobic biological treatment processes. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 116:203-210. [PMID: 28340418 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An efficient chiral method-based using liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry analytical method has been validated for the determination of climbazole (CBZ) enantiomers in wastewater and sludge with quantification limits below the 1 ng/L and 2 ng/g range, respectively. On the basis of this newly developed analytical method, the stereochemistry of CBZ was investigated over time in sludge biotic and sterile batch experiments under anoxic dark and light conditions and during wastewater biological treatment by subsurface flow constructed wetlands. CBZ stereoselective degradation was exclusively observed under biotic conditions, confirming the specificity of enantiomeric fraction variations to biodegradation processes. Abiotic CBZ enantiomerization was insignificant at circumneutral pH and CBZ was always biotransformed into CBZ-alcohol due to the specific and enantioselective reduction of the ketone function of CBZ into a secondary alcohol function. This transformation was almost quantitative and biodegradation gave good first order kinetic fit for both enantiomers. The possibility to apply the Rayleigh equation to enantioselective CBZ biodegradation processes was investigated. The results of enantiomeric enrichment allowed for a quantitative assessment of in situ biodegradation processes due to a good fit (R2 > 0.96) of the anoxic/anaerobic CBZ biodegradation to the Rayleigh dependency in all the biotic microcosms and was also applied in subsurface flow constructed wetlands. This work extended the concept of applying the Rayleigh equation towards quantitative biodegradation assessment of organic contaminants to enantioselective processes operating under anoxic/anaerobic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Brienza
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, IRD, Montpellier University, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France
| | - Serge Chiron
- UMR HydroSciences 5569, IRD, Montpellier University, 15 Avenue Ch. Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 5, France.
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94
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Maier MP, Prasse C, Pati SG, Nitsche S, Li Z, Radke M, Meyer A, Hofstetter TB, Ternes TA, Elsner M. Exploring Trends of C and N Isotope Fractionation to Trace Transformation Reactions of Diclofenac in Natural and Engineered Systems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:10933-10942. [PMID: 27635778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although diclofenac ranks among the most frequently detected pharmaceuticals in the urban water cycle, its environmental transformation reactions remain imperfectly understood. Biodegradation-induced changes in 15N/14N ratios (εN = -7.1‰ ± 0.4‰) have indicated that compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) may detect diclofenac degradation. This singular observation warrants exploration for further transformation reactions. The present study surveys carbon and nitrogen isotope fractionation in other environmental and engineered transformation reactions of diclofenac. While carbon isotope fractionation was generally small, observed nitrogen isotope fractionation in degradation by MnO2 (εN = -7.3‰ ± 0.3‰), photolysis (εN = +1.9‰ ± 0.1‰), and ozonation (εN = +1.5‰ ± 0.2‰) revealed distinct trends for different oxidative transformation reactions. The small, secondary isotope effect associated with ozonation suggests an attack of O3 in a molecular position distant from the N atom. Model reactants for outer-sphere single electron transfer generated large inverse nitrogen isotope fractionation (εN = +5.7‰ ± 0.3‰), ruling out this mechanism for biodegradation and transformation by MnO2. In a river model, isotope fractionation-derived degradation estimates agreed well with concentration mass balances, providing a proof-of-principle validation for assessing micropollutant degradation in river sediment. Our study highlights the prospect of combining CSIA with transformation product analysis for a better assessment of transformation reactions within the environmental life of diclofenac.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Maier
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Carsten Prasse
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California, 94720 United States
| | - Sarah G Pati
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Nitsche
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Zhe Li
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Radke
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES), Stockholm University , 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Armin Meyer
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
| | - Thomas B Hofstetter
- Eawag, Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology , 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics (IBP), ETH Zürich , 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Ternes
- German Federal Institute of Hydrology (BfG) , Am Mainzer Tor 1, 56068 Koblenz, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, Neuherberg D-85764, Germany
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95
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Vogt C, Dorer C, Musat F, Richnow HH. Multi-element isotope fractionation concepts to characterize the biodegradation of hydrocarbons — from enzymes to the environment. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:90-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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96
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Fischer A, Manefield M, Bombach P. Application of stable isotope tools for evaluating natural and stimulated biodegradation of organic pollutants in field studies. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2016; 41:99-107. [PMID: 27314918 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Stable isotope tools are increasingly applied for in-depth evaluation of biodegradation of organic pollutants at contaminated field sites. They can be divided into three methods i) determination of changes in natural abundance of stable isotopes using compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA), ii) detection of incorporation of stable-isotope label from a stable-isotope labelled target compound into degradation and/or mineralisation products and iii) determination of stable-isotope label incorporation into biomarkers using stable isotope probing (SIP). Stable isotope tools have been applied as key monitoring tools for multiple-line-of-evidence-approaches (MLEA) for sensitive evaluation of pollutant biodegradation. This review highlights the application of CSIA, SIP and MLEA including stable isotope tools for assessing natural and stimulated biodegradation of organic pollutants in field studies dealing with soil and groundwater contaminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anko Fischer
- Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mike Manefield
- Micronovo Py Ltd, 18 Mason St, Maroubra, NSW, 2035, Australia
| | - Petra Bombach
- Isodetect GmbH, Deutscher Platz 5b, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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97
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Schürner HKV, Maier MP, Eckert D, Brejcha R, Neumann CC, Stumpp C, Cirpka OA, Elsner M. Compound-Specific Stable Isotope Fractionation of Pesticides and Pharmaceuticals in a Mesoscale Aquifer Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5729-39. [PMID: 27100740 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b03828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) receives increasing interest for its ability to detect natural degradation of pesticides and pharmaceuticals. Despite recent laboratory studies, CSIA investigations of such micropollutants in the environment are still rare. To explore the certainty of information obtainable by CSIA in a near-environmental setting, a pulse of the pesticide bentazone, the pesticide metabolite 2,6-dichlorobenzamide (BAM), and the pharmaceuticals diclofenac and ibuprofen was released into a mesoscale aquifer with quasi-two-dimensional flow. Concentration breakthrough curves (BTC) of BAM and ibuprofen demonstrated neither degradation nor sorption. Bentazone was transformed but did not sorb significantly, whereas diclofenac showed both degradation and sorption. Carbon and nitrogen CSIA could be accomplished in similar concentrations as for "traditional" priority pollutants (low μg/L range), however, at the cost of uncertainties (0.4-0.5‰ (carbon), 1‰ (nitrogen)). Nonetheless, invariant carbon and nitrogen isotope values confirmed that BAM was neither degraded nor sorbed, while significant enrichment of (13)C and in particular (15)N corroborated transformation of diclofenac and bentazone. Retardation of diclofenac was reflected in additional (15)N sorption isotope effects, whereas isotope fractionation of transverse dispersion could not be identified. These results provide a benchmark on the performance of CSIA to monitor the reactivity of micropollutants in aquifers and may guide future efforts to accomplish CSIA at even lower concentrations (ng/L range).
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Affiliation(s)
- Heide K V Schürner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael P Maier
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Eckert
- Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen , Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ramona Brejcha
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claudia-Constanze Neumann
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Olaf A Cirpka
- Center for Applied Geosciences, University of Tübingen , Hölderlinstraße 12, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum München , Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
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