51
|
Lhamo D, Wang C, Gao Q, Luan S. Recent Advances in Genome-wide Analyses of Plant Potassium Transporter Families. Curr Genomics 2021; 22:164-180. [PMID: 34975289 PMCID: PMC8640845 DOI: 10.2174/1389202922666210225083634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants require potassium (K+) as a macronutrient to support numerous physiological processes. Understanding how this nutrient is transported, stored, and utilized within plants is crucial for breeding crops with high K+ use efficiency. As K+ is not metabolized, cross-membrane transport becomes a rate-limiting step for efficient distribution and utilization in plants. Several K+ transporter families, such as KUP/HAK/KT and KEA transporters and Shaker-like and TPK channels, play dominant roles in plant K+ transport processes. In this review, we provide a comprehensive contemporary overview of our knowledge about these K+ transporter families in angiosperms, with a major focus on the genome-wide identification of K+ transporter families, subcellular localization, spatial expression, function and regulation. We also expanded the genome-wide search for the K+ transporter genes and examined their tissue-specific expression in Camelina sativa, a polyploid oil-seed crop with a potential to adapt to marginal lands for biofuel purposes and contribution to sustainable agriculture. In addition, we present new insights and emphasis on the study of K+ transporters in polyploids in an effort to generate crops with high K+ Utilization Efficiency (KUE).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dhondup Lhamo
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Chao Wang
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Qifei Gao
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- 1Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA; 2School of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| |
Collapse
|
52
|
Dūmiņš K, Andersone-Ozola U, Samsone I, Elferts D, Ievinsh G. Growth and Physiological Performance of a Coastal Species Trifolium fragiferum as Affected by a Coexistence with Trifolium repens, NaCl Treatment and Inoculation with Rhizobia. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10102196. [PMID: 34686005 PMCID: PMC8539394 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to analyze the growth and physiological performance of two coexisting species, Trifolium fragiferum, and Trifolium repens, under the effect of NaCl and rhizobial symbiosis. Seeds of T. fragiferum and T. repens were collected from populations in the wild, and plants were cultivated in an automated greenhouse, two plants per container. Three basic types of planting were performed: (1) both plants were T. fragiferum (single species), (2) one T. fragiferum and one T. repens (species coexistence), (3) both plants were T. repens (single species). For every basic type, three subtypes were made: (1) non-inoculated, (2) inoculated with rhizobia taken from T. fargiferum, (3) inoculated with rhizobia taken from T. repens. For every subtype, half of the containers were used as control, and half were treated with NaCl. Shoot fresh mass of plants was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by species coexistence, inoculant, and NaCl. Three significant two-way interactions on plant shoot growth were found: between species coexistence and NaCl (p < 0.001), inoculant and species (p < 0.05), and NaCl and species (p < 0.001). A significant three-way interaction between inoculant, NaCl, and species (p < 0.001) indicated different responses of shoot growth of the two species to inoculant type and NaCl. NaCl treatment was an important factor for T. fragiferum, resulting in better growth in conditions of species coexistence, but the positive effect of bacterial inoculant was significantly more pronounced. A decrease in peroxidase activity in leaves was a good indicator of relative NaCl tolerance, while the absence/presence of rhizobial inoculation was reflected by changes in leaf chlorophyll concentration and photochemical activity of photosystem II. It can be concluded that interaction between biotic and abiotic factors affected the outcome of the coexistence of the two Trifolium species. Distribution of T. fragiferum in sea-affected habitats seems to be related to a higher competitive ability with allied species at increased substrate salinity, based on better physiological salinity tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kārlis Dūmiņš
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.D.); (U.A.-O.); (I.S.)
| | - Una Andersone-Ozola
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.D.); (U.A.-O.); (I.S.)
| | - Ineta Samsone
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.D.); (U.A.-O.); (I.S.)
| | - Didzis Elferts
- Department of Botany and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia;
| | - Gederts Ievinsh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Riga, Latvia; (K.D.); (U.A.-O.); (I.S.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
53
|
Monder H, Maillard M, Chérel I, Zimmermann SD, Paris N, Cuéllar T, Gaillard I. Adjustment of K + Fluxes and Grapevine Defense in the Face of Climate Change. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10398. [PMID: 34638737 PMCID: PMC8508874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine is one of the most economically important fruit crops due to the high value of its fruit and its importance in winemaking. The current decrease in grape berry quality and production can be seen as the consequence of various abiotic constraints imposed by climate changes. Specifically, produced wines have become too sweet, with a stronger impression of alcohol and fewer aromatic qualities. Potassium is known to play a major role in grapevine growth, as well as grape composition and wine quality. Importantly, potassium ions (K+) are involved in the initiation and maintenance of the berry loading process during ripening. Moreover, K+ has also been implicated in various defense mechanisms against abiotic stress. The first part of this review discusses the main negative consequences of the current climate, how they disturb the quality of grape berries at harvest and thus ultimately compromise the potential to obtain a great wine. In the second part, the essential electrical and osmotic functions of K+, which are intimately dependent on K+ transport systems, membrane energization, and cell K+ homeostasis, are presented. This knowledge will help to select crops that are better adapted to adverse environmental conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houssein Monder
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Morgan Maillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Isabelle Chérel
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Sabine Dagmar Zimmermann
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Nadine Paris
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| | - Teresa Cuéllar
- CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Univ Montpellier, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34398 Montpellier, France;
| | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, F-34060 Montpellier, France; (H.M.); (M.M.); (I.C.); (S.D.Z.); (N.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
54
|
Siddiqui MH, Khan MN, Mukherjee S, Basahi RA, Alamri S, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD, Ali HM, Al-Munqedhi BMA, Almohisen IAA. Exogenous melatonin-mediated regulation of K + /Na + transport, H + -ATPase activity and enzymatic antioxidative defence operate through endogenous hydrogen sulphide signalling in NaCl-stressed tomato seedling roots. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2021; 23:797-805. [PMID: 34263973 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin (Mel) and hydrogen sulphide (H2 S) have emerged as potential regulators of plant metabolism during abiotic stress. Presence of excess NaCl in the soil is one of the main causes of reduced crop productivity worldwide. The present investigation examines the role of exogenous Mel and endogenous H2 S in tomato seedlings grown under NaCl stress. Effect of 30 µm Mel on endogenous synthesis of H2 S was examined in roots of NaCl-stressed (200 mm) tomato seedlings. Also, the impact of treatments on the oxidative stress markers, transport of K+ and Na+ , and activity of H+ -ATPase and antioxidant enzymes was assessed. Results show that NaCl-stressed seedlings supplemented with 30 µm Mel had increased levels of endogenous H2 S through enhanced L-cysteine desulfhydrase activity. Mel in association with H2 S overcame the deleterious effect of NaCl and induced retention of K+ that maintained a higher K+ /Na+ ratio. Use of plasma membrane inhibitors and an H2 S scavenger revealed that Mel-induced regulation of K+ /Na+ homeostasis in NaCl-stressed seedling roots operates through endogenous H2 S signalling. Synergistic effects of Mel and H2 S also reduced the generation of ROS and oxidative destruction through the enhanced activity of antioxidant enzymes. Thus, it is suggested that the protective function of Mel against NaCl stress operates through an endogenous H2 S-dependent pathway, wherein H+ -ATPase-energized secondary active transport regulates K+ /Na+ homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M N Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - R A Basahi
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Alamri
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Al-Amri
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Q D Alsubaie
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - H M Ali
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - B M A Al-Munqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - I A A Almohisen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Quwayiyah, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
55
|
Electrical Signals, Plant Tolerance to Actions of Stressors, and Programmed Cell Death: Is Interaction Possible? PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10081704. [PMID: 34451749 PMCID: PMC8401951 DOI: 10.3390/plants10081704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In environmental conditions, plants are affected by abiotic and biotic stressors which can be heterogenous. This means that the systemic plant adaptive responses on their actions require long-distance stress signals including electrical signals (ESs). ESs are based on transient changes in the activities of ion channels and H+-ATP-ase in the plasma membrane. They influence numerous physiological processes, including gene expression, phytohormone synthesis, photosynthesis, respiration, phloem mass flow, ATP content, and many others. It is considered that these changes increase plant tolerance to the action of stressors; the effect can be related to stimulation of damages of specific molecular structures. In this review, we hypothesize that programmed cell death (PCD) in plant cells can be interconnected with ESs. There are the following points supporting this hypothesis. (i) Propagation of ESs can be related to ROS waves; these waves are a probable mechanism of PCD initiation. (ii) ESs induce the inactivation of photosynthetic dark reactions and activation of respiration. Both responses can also produce ROS and, probably, induce PCD. (iii) ESs stimulate the synthesis of stress phytohormones (e.g., jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethylene) which are known to contribute to the induction of PCD. (iv) Generation of ESs accompanies K+ efflux from the cytoplasm that is also a mechanism of induction of PCD. Our review argues for the possibility of PCD induction by electrical signals and shows some directions of future investigations in the field.
Collapse
|
56
|
Siddiqui MH, Khan MN, Mukherjee S, Alamri S, Basahi RA, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD, Al-Munqedhi BMA, Ali HM, Almohisen IAA. Hydrogen sulfide (H 2S) and potassium (K +) synergistically induce drought stress tolerance through regulation of H +-ATPase activity, sugar metabolism, and antioxidative defense in tomato seedlings. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1543-1564. [PMID: 34142217 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02731-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous potassium (K+) and endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H2S) synergistically alleviate drought stress through regulating H+-ATPase activity, sugar metabolism and redox homoeostasis in tomato seedlings. Present work evaluates the role of K+ in the regulation of endogenous H2S signaling in modulating the tolerance of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. Mill.) seedlings to drought stress. The findings reveal that exposure of seedlings to 15% (w/v) polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG) led to a substantial decrease in leaf K+ content which was associated with reduced H+-ATPase activity. Treatment with sodium orthovanadate (SOV, PM H+-ATPase inhibitor) and tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA, K+ channel blocker) suggests that exogenous K+ stimulated H+-ATPase activity that further regulated endogenous K+ content in tomato seedlings subjected to drought stress. Moreover, reduction in H+-ATPase activity by hypotaurine (HT; H2S scavenger) substantiates the role of endogenous H2S in the regulation of H+-ATPase activity. Elevation in endogenous K+ content enhanced the biosynthesis of H2S through enhancing the synthesis of cysteine, the H2S precursor. Synergistic action of H2S and K+ effectively neutralized drought stress by regulating sugar metabolism and redox homoeostasis that resulted in osmotic adjustment, as witnessed by reduced water loss, and improved hydration level of the stressed seedlings. The integrative role of endogenous H2S in K+ homeostasis was validated using HT and TEA which weakened the protection against drought stress induced impairments. In conclusion, exogenous K+ and endogenous H2S regulate H+-ATPase activity which plays a decisive role in the maintenance of endogenous K+ homeostasis. Thus, present work reveals that K+ and H2S crosstalk is essential for modulation of drought stress tolerance in tomato seedlings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Riyadh A Basahi
- Department of Biology, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander M A Al-Munqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A A Almohisen
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, Shaqra University, Shaqra, P. O. Box 33, Quwayiyah, 11961, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
57
|
Singh S, Kumar V, Parihar P, Dhanjal DS, Singh R, Ramamurthy PC, Prasad R, Singh J. Differential regulation of drought stress by biological membrane transporters and channels. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:1565-1583. [PMID: 34132878 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Stress arising due to abiotic factors affects the plant's growth and productivity. Among several existing abiotic stressors like cold, drought, heat, salinity, heavy metal, etc., drought condition tends to affect the plant's growth by inducing two-point effect, i.e., it disturbs the water balance as well as induces toxicity by disturbing the ion homeostasis, thus hindering the growth and productivity of plants, and to survive under this condition, plants have evolved several transportation systems that are involved in regulating the drought stress. The role of membrane transporters has gained interest since genetic engineering came into existence, and they were found to be the important modulators for tolerance, avoidance, ion movements, stomatal movements, etc. Here in this comprehensive review, we have discussed the role of transporters (ABA, protein, carbohydrates, etc.) and channels that aids in withstanding the drought stress as well as the regulatory role of transporters involved in osmotic adjustments arising due to drought stress. This review also provides a gist of hydraulic conductivity by roots that are involved in regulating the drought stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simranjeet Singh
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Parul Parihar
- Department of Botany, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211008, India
| | - Daljeet Singh Dhanjal
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| | - Rachana Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, 211008, India
| | - Praveen C Ramamurthy
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Water Research (ICWaR), Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 56001, India.
| | - Ram Prasad
- Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, 845401, India.
| | - Joginder Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144111, India
| |
Collapse
|
58
|
Hussain T, Li J, Feng X, Asrar H, Gul B, Liu X. Salinity induced alterations in photosynthetic and oxidative regulation are ameliorated as a function of salt secretion. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:779-796. [PMID: 33768362 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-021-01285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ion secretion facilitates recretohalophytes to tolerate saline and drought conditions but its relative contribution to the survival of many species remains poorly understood. Tamarix chinensis has high potential for restoration of saline deteriorated lands. The water management and high salt tolerance of the plant have highlighted the need to determine the strategies that govern these mechanisms. Here we report the selectivity of this halophyte to transport, utilize, and secrete different cations and anions under various NaCl (0, 100, 200 and 400 mM) concentrations. Plant growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant defense responses were also determined to relate them with the function of ion secretion. Results reflected two different sets of strategies adopted by plants to survive low and high salinities. Exposure to highly saline conditions caused reduction in photosynthesis due to stomatal and biochemical limitations. The decreased content of photosynthetic pigments exposed plants to excessive light energy that accelerated production of ROS (i.e., hydrogen peroxide H2O2) and caused damage to cellular membranes. The increased activities of anti-oxidative enzymes (superoxide-dismutase, catalase, ascorbate-peroxidase, and glutathione-reductase) were insufficient to detoxify H2O2. In contrast, plants treated with low salinity did not face stomatal limitations while the photosynthetic pigments increased. As no damage to membranes was detected, the increased content of H2O2 was postulated for its messenger role. The assimilation of essential nutrients was affected due to increased content of toxic ions (Na+ and Cl-) in the growing medium and within the plants. However, the ability to regulate K+ facilitated plants to improve water use efficiency under hyper-osmotic environment. The removal of toxic ions from the photosynthesizing tissues demands high energy, which was evident in the compromised growth of plants. This study offers a window to physiological mechanisms, e.g., potassium retention that ensure salt secretion as a beneficial strategy for prolonged survival of T. chinensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Hussain
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, People's Republic of China.
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Jingsong Li
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hina Asrar
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Bilquees Gul
- Dr. M. Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050021, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
59
|
Dreyer I. Potassium in plants - Still a hot topic. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 261:153435. [PMID: 33965700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Center of Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, CL-3460000, Talca, Chile.
| |
Collapse
|
60
|
Wu Q, Su N, Huang X, Cui J, Shabala L, Zhou M, Yu M, Shabala S. Hypoxia-induced increase in GABA content is essential for restoration of membrane potential and preventing ROS-induced disturbance to ion homeostasis. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2021; 2:100188. [PMID: 34027398 PMCID: PMC8132176 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
When plants are exposed to hypoxic conditions, the level of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in plant tissues increases by several orders of magnitude. The physiological rationale behind this elevation remains largely unanswered. By combining genetic and electrophysiological approach, in this work we show that hypoxia-induced increase in GABA content is essential for restoration of membrane potential and preventing ROS-induced disturbance to cytosolic K+ homeostasis and Ca2+ signaling. We show that reduced O2 availability affects H+-ATPase pumping activity, leading to membrane depolarization and K+ loss via outward-rectifying GORK channels. Hypoxia stress also results in H2O2 accumulation in the cell that activates ROS-inducible Ca2+ uptake channels and triggers self-amplifying "ROS-Ca hub," further exacerbating K+ loss via non-selective cation channels that results in the loss of the cell's viability. Hypoxia-induced elevation in the GABA level may restore membrane potential by pH-dependent regulation of H+-ATPase and/or by generating more energy through the activation of the GABA shunt pathway and TCA cycle. Elevated GABA can also provide better control of the ROS-Ca2+ hub by transcriptional control of RBOH genes thus preventing over-excessive H2O2 accumulation. Finally, GABA can operate as a ligand directly controlling the open probability and conductance of K+ efflux GORK channels, thus enabling plants adaptation to hypoxic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Institute of Crop Germplasm and Biotechnology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Nana Su
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xin Huang
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Jin Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, College of Science and Engineering, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
61
|
Exogenous Potassium (K +) Positively Regulates Na +/H + Antiport System, Carbohydrate Metabolism, and Ascorbate-Glutathione Cycle in H 2S-Dependent Manner in NaCl-Stressed Tomato Seedling Roots. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050948. [PMID: 34068675 PMCID: PMC8151699 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is one of the vital macronutrients required by plants for proper growth and blossoming harvest. In addition, K+ also plays a decisive role in promoting tolerance to various stresses. Under stressful conditions, plants deploy their defense system through various signaling molecules, including hydrogen sulfide (H2S). The present investigation was carried out to unravel the role of K+ and H2S in plants under NaCl stress. The results of the study show that NaCl stress caused a reduction in K+ and an increase in Na+ content in the tomato seedling roots which coincided with a lower H+-ATPase activity and K+/Na+ ratio. However, application of 5 mM K+, in association with endogenous H2S, positively regulated the Na+/H+ antiport system that accelerated K+ influx and Na+ efflux, resulting in the maintenance of a higher K+/Na+ ratio. The role of K+ and H2S in the regulation of the Na+/H+ antiport system was validated by applying sodium orthovanadate (plasma membrane H+-ATPase inhibitor), tetraethylammonium chloride (K+ channel blocker), amiloride (Na+/H+ antiporter inhibitor), and hypotaurine (HT, H2S scavenger). Application of 5 mM K+ positively regulated the ascorbate–glutathione cycle and activity of antioxidant enzymes that resulted in a reduction in reactive oxygen species generation and associated damage. Under NaCl stress, K+ also activated carbohydrate metabolism and proline accumulation that caused improvement in osmotic tolerance and enhanced the hydration level of the stressed seedlings. However, inclusion of the H2S scavenger HT reversed the effect of K+, suggesting H2S-dependent functioning of K+ under NaCl stress. Therefore, the present findings report that K+, in association with H2S, alleviates NaCl-induced impairments by regulating the Na+/H+ antiport system, carbohydrate metabolism, and antioxidative defense system.
Collapse
|
62
|
Wang W, Yang Y, Deng Y, Wang Z, Yuan Y, Yang S, Qi J, Wu J, Fu D, Wang W, Hao Q. Overexpression of isochorismate synthase enhances salt tolerance in barley. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 162:139-149. [PMID: 33677226 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isochorismate synthase (ICS) is a key enzyme for the synthesis of salicylic acid (SA) in plants. SA plays an important role in the response of plants to abiotic stress. In this study, transgenic barley was constructed to evaluate the function of ICS under salt stress. ICSOE lines showed obvious salt stress tolerance, this results from the increased outward Na+ flux and inward K+ flux in roots, thereby maintaining a lower cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio under salt stress. Overexprssion of ICS also improved Na+ sequestration in shoots under salt stress. In addition, ICSOE lines displayed less accumulation of reactive oxygen species and oxidative damage, accompanied by higher activity of antioxidant enzymes. The improved Na+/K+ ratio, Na+ sequestration, and antioxidative competence play an important role in the enhanced salt tolerance of ICSOE lines. These findings help to elucidate the abiotic stress resistance of the ICS pathway in barley.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Yang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanmei Deng
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Zhigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuchao Yuan
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Shenlin Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China
| | - Juan Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jiajie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Daolin Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Qunqun Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong, China; State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
63
|
Cui J, Davanture M, Lamade E, Zivy M, Tcherkez G. Plant low-K responses are partly due to Ca prevalence and the low-K biomarker putrescine does not protect from Ca side effects but acts as a metabolic regulator. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1565-1579. [PMID: 33527435 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K) deficiency is a rather common situation that impacts negatively on biomass, photosynthesis and N assimilation, making K fertilization often unavoidable. Effects of K deficiency have been investigated for several decades and recently progress has been made in identifying metabolomics signatures thereby offering potential to monitor the K status of crops in the field. However, effects of low K conditions could also be due to the antagonism with other nutrients like calcium (Ca) and the well-known biomarker of K deficiency, putrescine, could be a response to Ca/K imbalance rather than K deficiency per se. To sort this out, we carried out experiments in sunflower grown at either low or high K, at high or low Ca, with or without putrescine added to the nutrient solution. Using metabolomics and proteomics analysis, we show that a significant part of the low K response, such as lower photosynthesis and N assimilation, is due to calcium and can be suppressed by low Ca conditions. Putrescine addition tends to restore photosynthesis and N assimilation but unlike low Ca does not suppress but aggravates the impact of low K conditions on catabolism, including the typical fall-over in pyruvate kinase. We conclude that (a) the effects of K deficiency on key metabolic processes can be partly alleviated by the use of low Ca and not only by K fertilization and (b) in addition to its role as a metabolite, putrescine participates in acclimation to low K via the regulation of the content in enzymes involved in carbon primary metabolism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cui
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Marlene Davanture
- Plateforme d'Analyse de Protéomique Paris Sud-Ouest (PAPPSO), GQE Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Emmanuelle Lamade
- Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), UMR ABSys, Agrosystèmes Biodiversifiés, Montpellier, France
- UMR ABSys, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Montpellier, France
| | - Michel Zivy
- Plateforme d'Analyse de Protéomique Paris Sud-Ouest (PAPPSO), GQE Le Moulon, INRA, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guillaume Tcherkez
- Research School of Biology, ANU Joint College of Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences, INRAe Angers, Université d'Angers, Beaucouzé, France
| |
Collapse
|
64
|
Cai K, Zeng F, Wang J, Zhang G. Identification and characterization of HAK/KUP/KT potassium transporter gene family in barley and their expression under abiotic stress. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:317. [PMID: 33932999 PMCID: PMC8088664 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-07633-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HAK/KUP/KT (High-affinity K+ transporters/K+ uptake permeases/K+ transporters) is the largest potassium transporter family in plants, and plays pivotal roles in K+ uptake and transport, as well as biotic and abiotic stress responses. However, our understanding of the gene family in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is quite limited. RESULTS In the present study, we identified 27 barley HAK/KUP/KT genes (hereafter called HvHAKs) through a genome-wide analysis. These HvHAKs were unevenly distributed on seven chromosomes, and could be phylogenetically classified into four clusters. All HvHAK protein sequences possessed the conserved motifs and domains. However, the substantial difference existed among HAK members in cis-acting elements and tissue expression patterns. Wheat had the most orthologous genes to barley HAKs, followed by Brachypodium distachyon, rice and maize. In addition, six barley HAK genes were selected to investigate their expression profiling in response to three abiotic stresses by qRT-PCR, and their expression levels were all up-regulated under salt, hyperosmotic and potassium deficiency treatments. CONCLUSION Twenty seven HAK genes (HvHAKs) were identified in barley, and they differ in tissue expression patterns and responses to salt stress, drought stress and potassium deficiency.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kangfeng Cai
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.,Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Junmei Wang
- Institute of Crop and Nuclear Technology Utilization, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Guoping Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
65
|
Beneficial Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Overcoming Salt Stress in Sugar Beets ( Beta vulgaris L.). PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10050886. [PMID: 33924865 PMCID: PMC8146524 DOI: 10.3390/plants10050886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin has been regarded as a promising substance that enhances the abiotic stress tolerance of plants. However, few studies have devoted attention to the role of melatonin in improving salt tolerance in sugar beets. Here, the effects of different application methods (foliar application (100 μM), root application (100 μM), and combined foliar and root application) of melatonin on the morphological and physiological traits of sugar beets exposed to salt stress were investigated. The results showed that melatonin improved the growth of sugar beet seedlings, root yield and sugar content, synthesis of chlorophyll, photosystem II (PS II) activity, and gas exchange parameters under salt stress conditions. Moreover, melatonin enhanced the capacity of osmotic adjustment by increasing the accumulation of osmolytes (betaine, proline, and soluble sugar). At the same time, melatonin increased the H+-pump activities in the roots, thus promoting Na+ efflux and K+ influx, which maintained K+/Na+ homeostasis and mitigated Na+ toxicity. In addition, melatonin strengthened the antioxidant defense system by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, modulating the ASA-GSH cycle, and mediating the phenylalanine pathway, which removed superoxide anions (O2•−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and maintained cell membrane integrity. These positive effects were more pronounced when melatonin was applied by combined foliar and root application. To summarize, this study clarifies the potential roles of melatonin in mitigating salt stress in sugar beets by improving photosynthesis, water status, ion homeostasis, and the antioxidant defense system.
Collapse
|
66
|
Tao R, Ding J, Li C, Zhu X, Guo W, Zhu M. Evaluating and Screening of Agro-Physiological Indices for Salinity Stress Tolerance in Wheat at the Seedling Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646175. [PMID: 33868346 PMCID: PMC8044411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a worldwide issue that affects wheat production. A comprehensive understanding of salt-tolerance mechanisms and the selection of reliable screening indices are crucial for breeding salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. In this study, 30 wheat genotypes (obtained from a rapid selection of 96 original varieties) were chosen to investigate the existing screening methods and clarify the salinity tolerance mechanisms in wheat. Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 150 mM NaCl. Eighteen agronomic and physiological parameters were measured. The results indicated that the effects of salinity on the agronomic and physiological traits were significant. Salinity stress significantly decreased K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio in the whole plant, while the leaf K+/Na+ ratio was the strongest determinant of salinity tolerance and had a significantly positive correlation with salt tolerance. In contrast, salinity stress significantly increased Na+ concentration and relative gene expression (TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, and TaAKT1-like). The Na+ transporter gene (TaHKT1;5) showed a significantly greater increase in expression than the K+ transporter gene (TaAKT1-like). We concluded that Na+ exclusion rather than K+ retention contributed to an optimal leaf K+/Na+ ratio. Furthermore, the present exploration revealed that, under salt stress, tolerant accessions had higher shoot water content, shoot dry weight and lower stomatal density, leaf sap osmolality, and a significantly negative correlation was observed between salt tolerance and stomatal density. This indicated that changes in stomata density may represent a fundamental mechanism by which a plant may optimize water productivity and maintain growth under saline conditions. Taken together, the leaf K+/Na+ ratio and stomatal density can be used as reliable screening indices for salt tolerance in wheat at the seedling stage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
67
|
de Bang TC, Husted S, Laursen KH, Persson DP, Schjoerring JK. The molecular-physiological functions of mineral macronutrients and their consequences for deficiency symptoms in plants. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 229:2446-2469. [PMID: 33175410 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The visual deficiency symptoms developing on plants constitute the ultimate manifestation of suboptimal nutrient supply. In classical plant nutrition, these symptoms have been extensively used as a tool to characterise the nutritional status of plants and to optimise fertilisation. Here we expand this concept by bridging the typical deficiency symptoms for each of the six essential macronutrients to their molecular and physiological functionalities in higher plants. We focus on the most recent insights obtained during the last decade, which now allow us to better understand the links between symptom and function for each element. A deep understanding of the mechanisms underlying the visual deficiency symptoms enables us to thoroughly understand how plants react to nutrient limitations and how these disturbances may affect the productivity and biodiversity of terrestrial ecosystems. A proper interpretation of visual deficiency symptoms will support the potential for sustainable crop intensification through the development of new technologies that facilitate automatised management practices based on imaging technologies, remote sensing and in-field sensors, thereby providing the basis for timely application of nutrients via smart and more efficient fertilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Christian de Bang
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Kristian Holst Laursen
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| | - Jan Kofod Schjoerring
- Plant and Soil Science Section, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, Frederiksberg C, DK-1871, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
68
|
Hou P, Wang F, Luo B, Li A, Wang C, Shabala L, Ahmed HAI, Deng S, Zhang H, Song P, Zhang Y, Shabala S, Chen L. Antioxidant Enzymatic Activity and Osmotic Adjustment as Components of the Drought Tolerance Mechanism in Carex duriuscula. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:436. [PMID: 33668813 PMCID: PMC7996351 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Drought stress is a major environmental constraint for plant growth. Climate-change-driven increases in ambient temperatures resulted in reduced or unevenly distributed rainfalls, leading to increased soil drought. Carex duriuscula C. A. Mey is a typical drought-tolerant sedge, but few reports have examined the mechanisms conferring its tolerant traits. In the present study, the drought responses of C. duriuscula were assessed by quantifying activity of antioxidant enzymes in its leaf and root tissues and evaluating the relative contribution of organic and inorganic osmolyte in plant osmotic adjustment, linking it with the patterns of the ion acquisition by roots. Two levels of stress-mild (MD) and severe (SD) drought treatments-were used, followed by re-watering. Drought stress caused reduction in a relative water content and chlorophyll content of leaves; this was accompanied by an increase in the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide (O2-) contents in leaves and roots. Under MD stress, the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) increased in leaves, whereas, in roots, only CAT and POD activities increased. SD stress led to an increase in the activities of CAT, POD, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and GPX in both tissues. The levels of proline, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins in the leaves also increased. Under both MD and SD stress conditions, C. duriuscula increased K+, Na+, and Cl- uptake by plant roots, which resulted in an increased K+, Na+, and Cl- concentrations in leaves and roots. This reliance on inorganic osmolytes enables a cost-efficient osmotic adjustment in C. duriuscula. Overall, this study revealed that C. duriuscula was able to survive arid environments due to an efficient operation of its ROS-scavenging systems and osmotic adjustment mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peichen Hou
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia; (L.S.); (H.A.I.A.)
| | - Feifei Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Bin Luo
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Aixue Li
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia; (L.S.); (H.A.I.A.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Hassan Ahmed Ibraheem Ahmed
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia; (L.S.); (H.A.I.A.)
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Port Said University, Port Said 42526, Egypt
| | - Shurong Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Huilong Zhang
- Tianjin Research Institute of Forestry of Chinese Academy of Forestry, Tianjin 300000, China;
| | - Peng Song
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, The Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China; (S.D.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7001, Australia; (L.S.); (H.A.I.A.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528011, China
| | - Liping Chen
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; (P.H.); (B.L.); (A.L.); (C.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
69
|
Sardans J, Peñuelas J. Potassium Control of Plant Functions: Ecological and Agricultural Implications. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:419. [PMID: 33672415 PMCID: PMC7927068 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Potassium, mostly as a cation (K+), together with calcium (Ca2+) are the most abundant inorganic chemicals in plant cellular media, but they are rarely discussed. K+ is not a component of molecular or macromolecular plant structures, thus it is more difficult to link it to concrete metabolic pathways than nitrogen or phosphorus. Over the last two decades, many studies have reported on the role of K+ in several physiological functions, including controlling cellular growth and wood formation, xylem-phloem water content and movement, nutrient and metabolite transport, and stress responses. In this paper, we present an overview of contemporary findings associating K+ with various plant functions, emphasizing plant-mediated responses to environmental abiotic and biotic shifts and stresses by controlling transmembrane potentials and water, nutrient, and metabolite transport. These essential roles of K+ account for its high concentrations in the most active plant organs, such as leaves, and are consistent with the increasing number of ecological and agricultural studies that report K+ as a key element in the function and structure of terrestrial ecosystems, crop production, and global food security. We synthesized these roles from an integrated perspective, considering the metabolic and physiological functions of individual plants and their complex roles in terrestrial ecosystem functions and food security within the current context of ongoing global change. Thus, we provide a bridge between studies of K+ at the plant and ecological levels to ultimately claim that K+ should be considered at least at a level similar to N and P in terrestrial ecological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sardans
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, 08913 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain;
- CREAF, 08913 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
70
|
İbrahimova U, Kumari P, Yadav S, Rastogi A, Antala M, Suleymanova Z, Zivcak M, Tahjib-Ul-Arif M, Hussain S, Abdelhamid M, Hajihashemi S, Yang X, Brestic M. Progress in understanding salt stress response in plants using biotechnological tools. J Biotechnol 2021; 329:180-191. [PMID: 33610656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Salinization is a worldwide environmental problem, which is negatively impacting crop yield and thus posing a threat to the world's food security. Considering the rising threat of salinity, it is need of time, to understand the salt tolerant mechanism in plants and find avenues for the development of salinity resistant plants. Several plants tolerate salinity in a different manner, thereby halophytes and glycophytes evolved altered mechanisms to counter the stress. Therefore, in this review article, physiological, metabolic, and molecular aspects of the plant adaptation to salt stress have been discussed. The conventional breeding techniques for developing salt tolerant plants has not been much successful, due to its multigenic trait. The inflow of data from plant sequencing projects and annotation of genes led to the identification of many putative genes having a role in salt stress. The bioinformatics tools provided preliminary information and were helpful for making salt stress-specific databases. The microRNA identification and characterization led to unraveling the finer intricacies of the network. The transgenic approach finally paved a way for overexpressing some important genes viz. DREB, MYB, COMT, SOS, PKE, NHX, etc. conferred salt stress tolerance. In this review, we tried to show the effect of salinity on plants, considering ion homeostasis, antioxidant defense response, proteins involved, possible utilization of transgenic plants, and bioinformatics for coping with this stress factor. An overview of previous studies related to salt stress is presented in order to assist researchers in providing a potential solution for this increasing environmental threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulkar İbrahimova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku, AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Pragati Kumari
- Department of Life Science, Singhania University, Jhunjhunu, Rajasthan 333515, India; Scientist Hostel-S-02, Chauras campus, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand 246174, India
| | - Saurabh Yadav
- Department of Biotechnology, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal (Central) University, Srinagar Garhwal, Uttarakhand, 246174, India
| | - Anshu Rastogi
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland.
| | - Michal Antala
- Laboratory of Bioclimatology, Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piątkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Zarifa Suleymanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, 11 Izzat Nabiyev, Baku, AZ 1073, Azerbaijan
| | - Marek Zivcak
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic
| | - Md Tahjib-Ul-Arif
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh-2202, Bangladesh
| | - Sajad Hussain
- Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | | | - Shokoofeh Hajihashemi
- Plant Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Khuzestan, 47189-63616, Iran
| | - Xinghong Yang
- College of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovak Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
71
|
Khan MN, Siddiqui MH, Mukherjee S, Alamri S, Al-Amri AA, Alsubaie QD, Al-Munqedhi BMA, Ali HM. Calcium-hydrogen sulfide crosstalk during K +-deficient NaCl stress operates through regulation of Na +/H + antiport and antioxidative defense system in mung bean roots. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 159:211-225. [PMID: 33385704 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.11.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Present investigation reports the role of calcium (Ca2+) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) crosstalk associated with Vigna radiata seedlings subjected to K+ deficient conditions under short-term (24 h) and long-term (72 h) NaCl stress. Perusal of the data reveals that under short-term NaCl stress an initial decline in K+ level led to the elevation in Ca2+ and H2S levels along with improvement in antioxidant system and reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Under long-term NaCl stress a further decline in K+ content was deleterious that led to a lower K+/Na+ ratio. This was followed by reduction in antioxidant system along with excessive accumulation of ROS and methylglyoxal content, and increased membrane damage. However, supplementation of the seedling roots with Ca2+ enhanced biosynthesis of H2S through enhancing cysteine pool. The present findings suggest that synergistic action of Ca2+ and H2S induced the activity of H+-ATPase that created H+ gradient which in turn induced Na+/H+ antiport system that accelerated K+ influx and Na+ efflux. All of these together contributed to a higher K+/Na+ ratio, activation of antioxidative defense system, and maintenance of redox homeostasis and membrane integrity in Ca2+-supplemented stressed seedlings. Role of Ca2+ and H2S in the regulation of Na+/H+ antiport system was validated by the use of sodium orthovanadate (plasma membrane H+-ATPase inhibitor), tetraethylammonium chloride (K+ channel blocker), and amiloride (Na+/H+ antiporter inhibitor). Application of Ca2+-chelator EGTA (ethylene glycol-bis(b-aminoethylether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid) and H2S scavenger hypotaurine abolished the effect of Ca2+, suggesting the involvement of Ca2+ and H2S in the alleviation of NaCl stress. Moreover, use of EGTA and HT also substantiates the downstream functioning of H2S during Ca2+-mediated regulation of plant adaptive responses to NaCl stress. To sum up, present findings reveal the association of Ca2+ and H2S signaling in the regulation of ion homeostasis and antioxidant defense during K+-deficient NaCl stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nasir Khan
- Department of Biology, Environmental Research Unit, College of Haql, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, 71491, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Manzer H Siddiqui
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Soumya Mukherjee
- Department of Botany, Jangipur College, University of Kalyani, West Bengal, 742213, India
| | - Saud Alamri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Al-Amri
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Qasi D Alsubaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bander M A Al-Munqedhi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hayssam M Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 2455, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
72
|
Zhang FJ, Xie YH, Jiang H, Wang X, Hao YJ, Zhang Z, You CX. The ankyrin repeat-containing protein MdANK2B regulates salt tolerance and ABA sensitivity in Malus domestica. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:405-419. [PMID: 33331953 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02642-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The ankyrin repeat-containing protein MdANK2B was identified to contribute to increasing resistance to salt stress and decreasing sensitivity to ABA in Malus domestica. Ankyrin (ANK) repeat-containing proteins occur widely in prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and even in some viruses and play a critical role in plant growth and development, as well as the response to biotic and abiotic stress. However, the function of ANK repeat-containing proteins in apple (Malus domestica) has not yet been investigated. Here, we identified apple MdANK2B based on homology analysis with the Arabidopsis ANK repeat-containing proteins AtAKR2A and AtAKR2B. MdANK2B was found to be localized in the cytoplasm, and its encoding gene was highly expressed in both apple leaves and fruits. In addition, MdANK2B gene expression was highly induced by salt stresses and abscisic acid (ABA). Overexpression of MdANK2B increased resistance to salt stress and decreased sensitivity to ABA in both transgenic apple calli and seedlings. In addition, overexpression of MdANK2B reduced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes in response to salt stress. Our data revealed the role of MdANK2B in response to salt stress and ABA treatment in apple, which widens the known functions of ANK repeat-containing proteins in response to abiotic stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Jun Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yin-Huan Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Han Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yang ling, Shanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xun Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Yu-Jin Hao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhenlu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| | - Chun-Xiang You
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Horticulture Science and Engineering, National Research Center for Apple Engineering and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai-An, 271018, Shandong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
73
|
Dreyer I, Sussmilch FC, Fukushima K, Riadi G, Becker D, Schultz J, Hedrich R. How to Grow a Tree: Plant Voltage-Dependent Cation Channels in the Spotlight of Evolution. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:41-52. [PMID: 32868178 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phylogenetic analysis can be a powerful tool for generating hypotheses regarding the evolution of physiological processes. Here, we provide an updated view of the evolution of the main cation channels in plant electrical signalling: the Shaker family of voltage-gated potassium channels and the two-pore cation (K+) channel (TPC1) family. Strikingly, the TPC1 family followed the same conservative evolutionary path as one particular subfamily of Shaker channels (Kout) and remained highly invariant after terrestrialisation, suggesting that electrical signalling was, and remains, key to survival on land. We note that phylogenetic analyses can have pitfalls, which may lead to erroneous conclusions. To avoid these in the future, we suggest guidelines for analyses of ion channel evolution in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Dreyer
- Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile.
| | - Frances C Sussmilch
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany; School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Kenji Fukushima
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gonzalo Riadi
- Center for Bioinformatics, Simulation and Modeling (CBSM), Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Dirk Becker
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Schultz
- Department of Bioinformatics, Biozentrum, University of Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Hedrich
- Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology and Biophysics, University of Würzburg, Julius-von-Sachs-Platz 2, D-97082 Würzburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
74
|
Fertilizer Application Levels in Potato Crops and the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS). AGRONOMY-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/agronomy11010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The rates of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers used in the cultivation of potatoes are often considered excessive, as they can cause imbalance among the essential elements present in the soil. Using leaf nutrient analysis, this study aimed to evaluate the productivity of potato tubers subjected to different rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) to establish the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system indices. Three experiments were conducted, one for each nutrient (N, P, and K), with Agata and Atlantic cultivars in Unaí (Minas Gerais state) and the Agata cultivar in Mucugê (Bahia state). The nutrient rates were 0, 30, 70, 120, and 280 kg ha−1 of N; 0, 150, 300, 600, and 900 kg ha−1 of P2O5; and 0, 70, 110, 220, and 450 kg ha−1 of K2O. Agata and Atlantic had adequate nutritional balance under K application. Agata had a more adequate nutritional balance under P application in Mucugê, whereas K fertilization was more decisive for the nutritional balance in Unaí. The differences in the results can be explained by the different soil textures and nutrients in the soil between the regions. The results show the need to consider the soil conditions and the nutrient uptake/translocation capacity of cultivars before establishing rates to increase production revenue and avoid the waste of fertilizers.
Collapse
|
75
|
The Regulatory Role of Silicon in Mitigating Plant Nutritional Stresses. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121779. [PMID: 33333938 PMCID: PMC7765459 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It has been long recognized that silicon (Si) plays important roles in plant productivity by improving mineral nutrition deficiencies. Despite the fact that Si is considered as ‘quasi–essential’, the positive effect of Si has mostly been described in resistance to biotic and tolerance to abiotic stresses. During the last decade, much effort has been aimed at linking the positive effects of Si under nutrient deficiency or heavy metal toxicity (HM). These studies highlight the positive effect of Si on biomass production, by maintaining photosynthetic machinery, decreasing transpiration rate and stomatal conductance, and regulating uptake and root to shoot translocation of nutrients as well as reducing oxidative stress. The mechanisms of these inputs and the processes driving the alterations in plant adaptation to nutritional stress are, however, largely unknown. In this review, we focus on the interaction of Si and macronutrient (MaN) deficiencies or micro-nutrient (MiN) deficiency, summarizing the current knowledge in numerous research fields that can improve our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning this cross-talk. To this end, we discuss the gap in Si nutrition and propose a working model to explain the responses of individual MaN or MiN disorders and their mutual responses to Si supplementation.
Collapse
|
76
|
Yang H, Li Y, Jin Y, Kan L, Shen C, Malladi A, Nambeesan S, Xu Y, Dong C. Transcriptome Analysis of Pyrus betulaefolia Seedling Root Responses to Short-Term Potassium Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8857. [PMID: 33238495 PMCID: PMC7700257 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K) plays a crucial role in multiple physiological and developmental processes in plants. Its deficiency is a common abiotic stress that inhibits plant growth and reduces crop productivity. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in plant responses to low K could help to improve the efficiency of K use in plants. However, such responses remain poorly characterized in fruit tree species such as pears (Pyrus sp). We analyzed the physiological and transcriptome responses of a commonly used pear rootstock, Pyrus betulaefolia, to K-deficiency stress (0 mM). Potassium deprivation resulted in apparent changes in root morphology, with short-term low-K stress resulting in rapidly enhanced root growth. Transcriptome analyses indicated that the root transcriptome was coordinately altered within 6 h after K deprivation, a process that continued until 15 d after treatment. Potassium deprivation resulted in the enhanced expression (up to 5-fold) of a putative high-affinity K+ transporter, PbHAK5 (Pbr037826.1), suggesting the up-regulation of mechanisms associated with K+ acquisition. The enhanced root growth in response to K-deficiency stress was associated with a rapid and sustained decrease in the expression of a transcription factor, PbMYB44 (Pbr015309.1), potentially involved in mediating auxin responses, and the increased expression of multiple genes associated with regulating root growth. The concentrations of several phytohormones including indoleacetic acid (IAA), ABA, ETH, gibberellin (GA3), and jasmonic acid (JA) were higher in response to K deprivation. Furthermore, genes coding for enzymes associated with carbon metabolism such as SORBITOL DEHYDROGENASE (SDH) and SUCROSE SYNTHASE (SUS) displayed greatly enhanced expression in the roots under K deprivation, presumably indicating enhanced metabolism to meet the increased energy demands for growth and K+ acquisition. Together, these data suggest that K deprivation in P. betulaefolia results in the rapid re-programming of the transcriptome to enhance root growth and K+ acquisition. These data provide key insights into the molecular basis for understanding low-K-tolerance mechanisms in pears and in other related fruit trees and identifying potential candidates that warrant further analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Yan Li
- College of Life Science, Hubei Engineering University, Xiaogan 432100, China;
| | - Yumeng Jin
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Liping Kan
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Changwei Shen
- School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China;
| | - Anish Malladi
- Department of Horticulture, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Savithri Nambeesan
- Department of Horticulture, 1111 Miller Plant Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; (A.M.); (S.N.)
| | - Yangchun Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| | - Caixia Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab of Solid Organic Waste Utilization, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Solid Organic Wastes, Educational Ministry Engineering Center of Resource-Saving Fertilizers, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; (H.Y.); (Y.J.); (L.K.); (Y.X.)
| |
Collapse
|
77
|
Garcia K, Guerrero-Galán C, Frank HER, Haider MZ, Delteil A, Conéjéro G, Lambilliotte R, Fizames C, Sentenac H, Zimmermann SD. Fungal Shaker-like channels beyond cellular K+ homeostasis: A role in ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between Hebeloma cylindrosporum and Pinus pinaster. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242739. [PMID: 33216794 PMCID: PMC7678990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Potassium (K+) acquisition, translocation and cellular homeostasis are mediated by various membrane transport systems in all organisms. We identified and described an ion channel in the ectomycorrhizal fungus Hebeloma cylindrosporum (HcSKC) that harbors features of animal voltage-dependent Shaker-like K+ channels, and investigated its role in both free-living hyphae and symbiotic conditions. RNAi lines affected in the expression of HcSKC were produced and used for in vitro mycorrhizal assays with the maritime pine as host plant, under standard or low K+ conditions. The adaptation of H. cylindrosporum to the downregulation of HcSKC was analyzed by qRT-PCR analyses for other K+-related transport proteins: the transporters HcTrk1, HcTrk2, and HcHAK, and the ion channels HcTOK1, HcTOK2.1, and HcTOK2.2. Downregulated HcSKC transformants displayed greater K+ contents at standard K+ only. In such conditions, plants inoculated with these transgenic lines were impaired in K+ nutrition. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that the reduced expression of HcSKC modifies the pool of fungal K+ available for the plant and/or affects its symbiotic transfer to the roots. Our study reveals that the maintenance of K+ transport in H. cylindrosporum, through the regulation of HcSKC expression, is required for the K+ nutrition of the host plant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Garcia
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, California, United States of America
| | | | - Hannah E. R. Frank
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, California, United States of America
| | | | - Amandine Delteil
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Geneviève Conéjéro
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
- Plateforme Histocytologie et Imagerie Cellulaire Végétale, INRA-CIRAD Montpellier, France
| | - Raphaël Lambilliotte
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Fizames
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Hervé Sentenac
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| | - Sabine D. Zimmermann
- BPMP, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Institut Agro, Montpellier, France
| |
Collapse
|
78
|
Jin R, Zhang A, Sun J, Chen X, Liu M, Zhao P, Jiang W, Tang Z. Identification of Shaker K + channel family members in sweetpotato and functional exploration of IbAKT1. Gene 2020; 768:145311. [PMID: 33220344 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Shaker K+ channel family plays a vital role in potassium absorption and stress resistance in plants. However little information on the genes family is available about sweetpotato. In the present study, eleven sweetpotato Shaker K+ channel genes were identified and classified into five groups based on phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and gene structure analyses. Based on synteny analysis, four duplicated gene pairs were identified, derived from both ancient and recent duplication, whereas only one resulted from tandem duplication events. Different expression pattern of Shaker K+ channel genes in roots of Xu32 and NZ1 resulted in different K+ deficiency tolerances, suggesting there is different mechanism of K+ uptake in sweetpotato cultivars with different K+-tolerance levels. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that the shaker K+ channel genes responded to drought and high salt stresses. Higher K+ influx under normal condition and lower K+ efflux under K+ deficiency stress were observed in IbAKT1 overexpressing transgenic roots than in adventitious roots, which indicated that IbAKT1 may play an important role in the regulation of K+ deficiency tolerance in sweetpotato. This is the first genome-wide analysis of Shaker K+ channel genes and the first functional analysis of IbAKT1 in sweetpotato. Our results provide valuable information on the gene structure, evolution, expression and functions of the Shaker K+ channel gene family in sweetpotato.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Jin
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Aijun Zhang
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Phylogenomics and Comparative Genomics, School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhonghou Tang
- Xuzhou Sweetpotato Research Center, Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory of Sweetpotato Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Xuzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
79
|
Liu J, Shabala S, Zhang J, Ma G, Chen D, Shabala L, Zeng F, Chen ZH, Zhou M, Venkataraman G, Zhao Q. Melatonin improves rice salinity stress tolerance by NADPH oxidase-dependent control of the plasma membrane K + transporters and K + homeostasis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:2591-2605. [PMID: 32196121 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to reveal the mechanistic basis of the melatonin-mediated amelioration of salinity stress in plants. Electrophysiological experiments revealed that melatonin decreased salt-induced K+ efflux (a critical determinant of plant salt tolerance) in a dose- and time-dependent manner and reduced sensitivity of the plasma membrane K+ -permeable channels to hydroxyl radicals. These beneficial effects of melatonin were abolished by NADPH oxidase blocker DPI. Transcriptome analyses revealed that melatonin induced 585 (448 up- and 137 down-regulated) and 59 (54 up- and 5 down-regulated) differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the root tip and mature zone, respectively. The most noticeable changes in the root tip were melatonin-induced increase in the expression of several DEGs encoding respiratory burst NADPH oxidases (OsRBOHA and OsRBOHF), calcineurin B-like/calcineurin B-like-interacting protein kinase (OsCBL/OsCIPK), and calcium-dependent protein kinase (OsCDPK) under salt stress. Melatonin also enhanced the expression of potassium transporter genes (OsAKT1, OsHAK1, and OsHAK5). Taken together, these results indicate that melatonin improves salt tolerance in rice by enabling K+ retention in roots, and that the latter process is conferred by melatonin scavenging of hydroxyl radicals and a concurrent OsRBOHF-dependent ROS signalling required to activate stress-responsive genes and increase the expression of K+ uptake transporters in the root tip.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guohui Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Changsha, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
- Collaborative Innovation Centre for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, III Cross Street, Taramani Institutional Area, Chennai, India
| | - Quanzhi Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Centre of Henan Grain Crops, Henan Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
80
|
Isayenkov SV, Dabravolski SA, Pan T, Shabala S. Phylogenetic Diversity and Physiological Roles of Plant Monovalent Cation/H + Antiporters. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:573564. [PMID: 33123183 PMCID: PMC7573149 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.573564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The processes of plant nutrition, stress tolerance, plant growth, and development are strongly dependent on transport of mineral nutrients across cellular membranes. Plant membrane transporters are key components of these processes. Among various membrane transport proteins, the monovalent cation proton antiporter (CPA) superfamily mediates a broad range of physiological and developmental processes such as ion and pH homeostasis, development of reproductive organs, chloroplast operation, and plant adaptation to drought and salt stresses. CPA family includes plasma membrane-bound Na+/H+ exchanger (NhaP) and intracellular Na+/H+ exchanger NHE (NHX), K+ efflux antiporter (KEA), and cation/H+ exchanger (CHX) family proteins. In this review, we have completed the phylogenetic inventory of CPA transporters and undertaken a comprehensive evolutionary analysis of their development. Compared with previous studies, we have significantly extended the range of plant species, including green and red algae and Acrogymnospermae into phylogenetic analysis. Our data suggest that the multiplication and complexation of CPA isoforms during evolution is related to land colonisation by higher plants and associated with an increase of different tissue types and development of reproductive organs. The new data extended the number of clades for all groups of CPAs, including those for NhaP/SOS, NHE/NHX, KEA, and CHX. We also critically evaluate the latest findings on the biological role, physiological functions and regulation of CPA transporters in relation to their structure and phylogenetic position. In addition, the role of CPA members in plant tolerance to various abiotic stresses is summarized, and the future priority directions for CPA studies in plants are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav V. Isayenkov
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Department of Plant Food Products and Biofortification, Institute of Food Biotechnology and Genomics NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Siarhei A. Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], Vitebsk, Belarus
| | - Ting Pan
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
81
|
Zarza X, Van Wijk R, Shabala L, Hunkeler A, Lefebvre M, Rodriguez‐Villalón A, Shabala S, Tiburcio AF, Heilmann I, Munnik T. Lipid kinases PIP5K7 and PIP5K9 are required for polyamine-triggered K + efflux in Arabidopsis roots. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:416-432. [PMID: 32666545 PMCID: PMC7693229 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines, such as putrescine, spermidine and spermine (Spm), are low-molecular-weight polycationic molecules present in all living organisms. Despite their implication in plant cellular processes, little is known about their molecular mode of action. Here, we demonstrate that polyamines trigger a rapid increase in the regulatory membrane lipid phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2 ), and that this increase is required for polyamine effects on K+ efflux in Arabidopsis roots. Using in vivo 32 Pi -labelling of Arabidopsis seedlings, low physiological (μm) concentrations of Spm were found to promote a rapid PIP2 increase in roots that was time- and dose-dependent. Confocal imaging of a genetically encoded PIP2 biosensor revealed that this increase was triggered at the plasma membrane. Differential 32 Pi -labelling suggested that the increase in PIP2 was generated through activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PIP5K) activity rather than inhibition of a phospholipase C or PIP2 5-phosphatase activity. Systematic analysis of transfer DNA insertion mutants identified PIP5K7 and PIP5K9 as the main candidates involved in the Spm-induced PIP2 response. Using non-invasive microelectrode ion flux estimation, we discovered that the Spm-triggered K+ efflux response was strongly reduced in pip5k7 pip5k9 seedlings. Together, our results provide biochemical and genetic evidence for a physiological role of PIP2 in polyamine-mediated signalling controlling K+ flux in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Zarza
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Ringo Van Wijk
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
| | - Anna Hunkeler
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Agricultural ScienceSwiss Federal Institute of Technology in ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Matthew Lefebvre
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| | - Antia Rodriguez‐Villalón
- Department of BiologyInstitute of Agricultural ScienceSwiss Federal Institute of Technology in ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of AgricultureUniversity of TasmaniaHobartAustralia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane BiologyFoshan UniversityFoshanChina
| | - Antonio F. Tiburcio
- Dept. of Natural Products, Plant Biology and Soil ScienceUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Dept of Cellular BiochemistryInstitute of Biochemistry and BiotechnologyMartin Luther University Halle‐WittenbergHalle (Saale)Germany
| | - Teun Munnik
- Research Cluster Green Life SciencesSection Plant Cell BiologySwammerdam Institute for Life SciencesUniversity of AmsterdamPO Box 94215Amsterdam1090 GEThe Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
82
|
Meng Y, Yin Q, Yan Z, Wang Y, Niu J, Zhang J, Fan K. Exogenous Silicon Enhanced Salt Resistance by Maintaining K +/Na + Homeostasis and Antioxidant Performance in Alfalfa Leaves. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:1183. [PMID: 32983188 PMCID: PMC7479291 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.01183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Silicon (Si) has been known to enhance salt resistance in plants. In this experiment, 4-weeks-old alfalfa seedlings were exposed to different NaCl concentrations (0-200 mM) with or without 2 mM Si for two weeks. The results showed that NaCl-stressed alfalfa seedlings showed a decrease in growth performance, such as stem extension rate, predawn leaf water potential (LWP) and the chlorophyll content, potassium (K+) concentration, as well as the ratio of potassium/sodium ion (K+/Na+). In contrast, NaCl-stressed alfalfa seedlings increased leaf Na+ concentration and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level, as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) in alfalfa leaves. Besides, exogenous Si application enhanced photosynthetic parameters of NaCl-stressed alfalfa seedlings, which was accompanied by the improvement in predawn LWP, level of chlorophyll content, and water use efficiency (WUE). The Si-treated plants enhanced salinity tolerance by limiting Na+ accumulation while maintaining K+ concentration in leaves. It also established K+/Na+ homeostasis by increasing K+/Na+ radio to protect the leaves from Na+ toxicity and thereby maintained higher chlorophyll retention. Simultaneously, Si-treated plants showed higher antioxidant activities and decreased MDA content under NaCl stress. Our study concluded that Si application enhanced salt tolerance of alfalfa through improving the leaves photosynthesis, enhancing antioxidant performance and maintaining K+/Na+ homeostasis in leaves. Our data further indicated exogenous Si application could be effectively manipulated for improving salt resistance of alfalfa grown in saline soil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfa Meng
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Qiang Yin
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Zhijian Yan
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Jianming Niu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Kai Fan
- Institute of Grassland Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
83
|
Ding B, Zhang X, Xu Y, An L, Liu X, Su Q. The bacterial potassium transporter gene MbtrkH improves K+ uptake in yeast and tobacco. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236246. [PMID: 32804956 PMCID: PMC7430745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
K+ is an essential nutrient for plant growth and is responsible for many important physiological processes. K+ deficiency leads to crop yield losses, and overexpression of K+ transporter genes has been proven to be an effective way to resolve this problem. However, current research on the overexpression of K+ transporter genes is limited to plant sources. TrkH is a bacterial K+ transporter whose function generally depends on the regulation of TrkA. To date, whether TrkH can improve K+ uptake in eukaryotic organisms is still unknown. In this study, a novel MbtrkH gene was cloned from marine microbial metagenomic DNA. Functional complementation and K+-depletion analyses revealed that MbTrkH functions in K+ uptake in the K+-deficient yeast strain CY162. Moreover, K+-depletion assays revealed that MbtrkH overexpression improves plant K+ uptake. K+ hydroponic culture experiments showed that, compared with WT tobacco lines, MbtrkH transgenic tobacco lines had significantly greater fresh weights, dry weights and K+ contents. These results indicate that MbTrkH promotes K+ uptake independently of TrkA in eukaryotes and provide a new strategy for improving K+-use efficiency in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baojuan Ding
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Yongsheng Xu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Lijia An
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| | - Xiangguo Liu
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, P. R. China
| | - Qiao Su
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
84
|
Yang T, Lu X, Wang Y, Xie Y, Ma J, Cheng X, Xia E, Wan X, Zhang Z. HAK/KUP/KT family potassium transporter genes are involved in potassium deficiency and stress responses in tea plants (Camellia sinensis L.): expression and functional analysis. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:556. [PMID: 32791963 PMCID: PMC7430841 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06948-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tea plant is one of the most important non-alcoholic beverage crops worldwide. While potassium (K+) is an essential macronutrient and greatly affects the growth and development of plants, the molecular mechanism underlying K+ uptake and transport in tea plant root, especially under limited-K+ conditions, is still poorly understood. In plants, HAK/KUP/KT family members play a crucial role in K+ acquisition and translocation, growth and development, and response to stresses. Nevertheless, the biological functions of these genes in tea plant are still in mystery, especially their roles in K+ uptake and stress responses. RESULTS In this study, a total of 21 non-redundant HAK/KUP/KT genes (designated as CsHAKs) were identified in tea plant. Phylogenetic and structural analysis classified the CsHAKs into four clusters (I, II, III, IV), containing 4, 8, 4 and 5 genes, respectively. Three major categories of cis-acting elements were found in the promoter regions of CsHAKs. Tissue-specific expression analysis indicated extremely low expression levels in various tissues of cluster I CsHAKs with the exception of a high root expression of CsHAK4 and CsHAK5, a constitutive expression of clusters II and III CsHAKs, and a moderate cluster IV CsHAKs expression. Remarkably, the transcript levels of CsHAKs in roots were significantly induced or suppressed after exposure to K+ deficiency, salt and drought stresses, and phytohormones treatments. Also notably, CsHAK7 was highly expressed in all tissues and was further induced under various stress conditions. Therefore, functional characterization of CsHAK7 was performed, and the results demostrated that CsHAK7 locates on plasma membrane and plays a key role in K+ transport in yeast. Taken together, the results provide promising candidate CsHAKs for further functional studies and contribute to the molecular breeding for new tea plants varieties with highly efficient utilization of K+. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated the first genome-wide analysis of CsHAK family genes of tea plant and provides a foundation for understanding the classification and functions of the CsHAKs in tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyuan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Yunxia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Jingzhen Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xunmin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Enhua Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaochun Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| | - Zhaoliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
| |
Collapse
|
85
|
Alnayef M, Solis C, Shabala L, Ogura T, Chen Z, Bose J, Maathuis FJM, Venkataraman G, Tanoi K, Yu M, Zhou M, Horie T, Shabala S. Changes in Expression Level of OsHKT1;5 Alters Activity of Membrane Transporters Involved in K + and Ca 2+ Acquisition and Homeostasis in Salinized Rice Roots. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4882. [PMID: 32664377 PMCID: PMC7402344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In rice, the OsHKT1;5 gene has been reported to be a critical determinant of salt tolerance. This gene is harbored by the SKC1 locus, and its role was attributed to Na+ unloading from the xylem. No direct evidence, however, was provided in previous studies. Also, the reported function of SKC1 on the loading and delivery of K+ to the shoot remains to be explained. In this work, we used an electrophysiological approach to compare the kinetics of Na+ uptake by root xylem parenchyma cells using wild type (WT) and NIL(SKC1) plants. Our data showed that Na+ reabsorption was observed in WT, but not NIL(SKC1) plants, thus questioning the functional role of HKT1;5 as a transporter operating in the direct Na+ removal from the xylem. Instead, changes in the expression level of HKT1;5 altered the activity of membrane transporters involved in K+ and Ca2+ acquisition and homeostasis in the rice epidermis and stele, explaining the observed phenotype. We conclude that the role of HKT1;5 in plant salinity tolerance cannot be attributed to merely reducing Na+ concentration in the xylem sap but triggers a complex feedback regulation of activities of other transporters involved in the maintenance of plant ionic homeostasis and signaling under stress conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Alnayef
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.A.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (T.O.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Celymar Solis
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.A.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (T.O.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.A.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (T.O.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Takaaki Ogura
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.A.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (T.O.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia;
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Jayakumar Bose
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.A.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (T.O.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy Biology, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia
| | | | - Gayatri Venkataraman
- Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation, Chennai 600113, India;
| | - Keitaro Tanoi
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan;
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.A.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (T.O.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
| | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan;
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7005, Australia; (M.A.); (C.S.); (L.S.); (T.O.); (J.B.); (M.Z.)
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| |
Collapse
|
86
|
Omondi JO, Lazarovitch N, Rachmilevitch S, Kukew T, Yermiyahu U, Yasuor H. Potassium and storage root development: focusing on photosynthesis, metabolites and soluble carbohydrates in cassava. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:169-178. [PMID: 31837027 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The linkage between K and the development of storage roots in root crops is partially understood, hence this experiment determined some of the mechanisms involved in cassava. The effects of 10, 40, 70, 100, 150 and 200 mg K l-1 fertigation on photosynthetic attributes, soluble carbohydrates, starch, metabolites, growth and yield were studied in a greenhouse. Storage root yield, number of storage roots, stomatal conductance and net photosynthesis reached maximum at 150 mg K l-1 . However, soluble carbohydrates and starch in the leaves significantly declined with an increasing concentration of K solution, similarly to the trend of glycerol in the leaves. Conversely, malic acid, citric acid and propionic acid gradually increased reaching maximum at 150, 150 and 70 mg K l-1 respectively. Combined, these results suggest that sugars were transported from the leaves to a stronger sink - the bulking storage roots. This and the increase of intermediate metabolites of tricarboxylic acid cycle provided the energy required for the bulking process and the development of the storage roots. Although the measured parameters indirectly link K to storage root development, they nonetheless form a basis for studies on direct interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Okoth Omondi
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Naftali Lazarovitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Shimon Rachmilevitch
- French Associates Institute for Agriculture and Biotechnology of Drylands, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Titaya Kukew
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Khlong Luang, Thailand
| | - Uri Yermiyahu
- Gilat Research Centre, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| | - Hagai Yasuor
- Gilat Research Centre, Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
87
|
Zhao C, Zhang H, Song C, Zhu JK, Shabala S. Mechanisms of Plant Responses and Adaptation to Soil Salinity. Innovation (N Y) 2020; 1:100017. [PMID: 34557705 PMCID: PMC8454569 DOI: 10.1016/j.xinn.2020.100017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity is a major environmental stress that restricts the growth and yield of crops. Understanding the physiological, metabolic, and biochemical responses of plants to salt stress and mining the salt tolerance-associated genetic resource in nature will be extremely important for us to cultivate salt-tolerant crops. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of the mechanisms of salt stress responses in plants, including salt stress-triggered physiological responses, oxidative stress, salt stress sensing and signaling pathways, organellar stress, ion homeostasis, hormonal and gene expression regulation, metabolic changes, as well as salt tolerance mechanisms in halophytes. Important questions regarding salt tolerance that need to be addressed in the future are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhao Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunpeng Song
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
88
|
Wu Y, Wang W, Li Q, Zhang G, Zhao X, Li G, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang W. The wheat E3 ligase TaPUB26 is a negative regulator in response to salt stress in transgenic Brachypodium distachyon. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 294:110441. [PMID: 32234224 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Various abiotic stresses, including high salinity, affect the growth and yield of crop plants. We isolated a gene, TaPUB26, from wheat that encodes a protein containing a U-box domain and armadillo (ARM) repeats. The TaPUB26 transcript levels were upregulated by high salinity, temperature, drought and phytohormones, suggesting the involvement of TaPUB26 in abiotic stress responses. An in vitro ubiquitination assay revealed that TaPUB26 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase. We overexpressed TaPUB26 in Brachypodium distachyon to evaluate TaPUB26 regulation of salt stress tolerance. Compared with the wild type (WT) line, the overexpression lines showed higher salt stress sensitivity under salt stress conditions, but lower chlorophyll (Chl) content, lower photosynthetic levels and overall reduced salt stress tolerance. Additionally, the transgenic plants showed more severe membrane damage, lower antioxidant enzyme activity and more reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation than WT plants under salt stress, which might be related to the changes in the expression levels of some antioxidant genes. In addition, the transgenic plants also had higher Na+ and lower K+ contents, thus maintaining a higher cytosolic Na+/K+ ratio in leaves and roots than that in WT plants. Further analysis of the molecular mechanisms showed that TaPUB26 interacted with TaRPT2a, an ATPase subunit of the 26S proteasome complex in wheat. We speculated that TaPUB26 negatively regulates salt stress tolerance by interacting with other proteins, such as TaRPT2a, and that this mechanism involves altered antioxidant competition and cytosolic Na+/K+ equilibrium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wenlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Qinxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Guangqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Genying Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yulian Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250100, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong, 271018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
89
|
Wang W, Wang W, Wu Y, Li Q, Zhang G, Shi R, Yang J, Wang Y, Wang W. The involvement of wheat U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase TaPUB1 in salt stress tolerance. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 62:631-651. [PMID: 31119835 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases play important roles in the ubiquitin/26S proteasome machinery and in abiotic stress responses. TaPUB1-overexpressing wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were generated to evaluate its function in salt tolerance. These plants had more salt stress tolerance during seedling and flowering stages, whereas the TaPUB1-RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated knock-down transgenic wheat showed more salt stress sensitivity than the wild type (WT). TaPUB1 overexpression upregulated the expression of genes related to ion channels and increased the net root Na+ efflux, but decreased the net K+ efflux and H+ influx, thereby maintaining a low cytosolic Na+ /K+ ratio, compared with the WT. However, RNAi-mediated knock-down plants showed the opposite response to salt stress. TaPUB1 could induce the expression of some genes that improved the antioxidant capacity of plants under salt stress. TaPUB1 also interacted with TaMP (Triticum aestivum α-mannosidase protein), a regulator playing an important role in salt response in yeast and in plants. Thus, low cytosolic Na+ /K+ ratios and better antioxidant enzyme activities could be maintained in wheat with overexpression of TaPUB1 under salt stress. Therefore, we conclude that the U-box E3 ubiquitin ligase TaPUB1 positively regulates salt stress tolerance in wheat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, 277000, China
| | - Yunzhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Qinxue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Guangqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Ruirui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Junjiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, China
| |
Collapse
|
90
|
Ferreira JFS, da Silva Filho JB, Liu X, Sandhu D. Spinach Plants Favor the Absorption of K + over Na + Regardless of Salinity, and May Benefit from Na + When K + is Deficient in the Soil. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E507. [PMID: 32326458 PMCID: PMC7238157 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Two spinach (Spinacea oleracea L.) cultivars were evaluated for their response to deficient (0.25 mmolc L-1 or 0.25 K) and sufficient (5.0 mmolc L-1 or 5.0 K) potassium (K) levels combined with salinities of 5, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mmolc L-1 NaCl. Plants substituted K for Na proportionally with salinity within each K dose. Plants favored K+ over Na+, regardless of salinity, accumulating significantly less Na at 5.0 K than at 0.25 K. Salinity had no effect on N, P, and K shoot accumulation, suggesting that spinach plants can maintain NPK homeostasis even at low soil K. Ca and Mg decreased with salinity, but plants showed no deficiency. There was no Na+ to K+ or Cl- to NO3- competition, and shoot biomass decrease was attributed to excessive NaCl accumulation. Overall, 'Raccoon' and 'Gazelle' biomasses were similar regardless of K dose but 'Raccoon' outproduced 'Gazelle' at 5.0 K at the two highest salinity levels, indicating that 'Raccoon' may outperform 'Gazelle' at higher NaCl concentrations. At low K, Na may be required by 'Raccoon', but not 'Gazelle'. This study suggested that spinach can be cultivated with recycled waters of moderate salinity, and less potassium than recommended, leading to savings on crop input and decreasing crop environmental footprint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F. S. Ferreira
- US Salinity Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 90001, USA; (X.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Jaime Barros da Silva Filho
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 90001, USA;
| | - Xuan Liu
- US Salinity Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 90001, USA; (X.L.); (D.S.)
| | - Devinder Sandhu
- US Salinity Laboratory (USDA-ARS), 450 W. Big Springs Rd., Riverside, CA 90001, USA; (X.L.); (D.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
91
|
Multiple High-Affinity K + Transporters and ABC Transporters Involved in K + Uptake/Transport in the Potassium-Hyperaccumulator Plant Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9040470. [PMID: 32276334 PMCID: PMC7238005 DOI: 10.3390/plants9040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Potassium is an important essential element for plant growth and development. Long-term potassium deprivation can lead to a severe deficiency phenotype in plants. Interestingly, Phytolacca acinosa is a plant with an unusually high potassium content and can grow well and complete its lifecycle even in severely potassium deficient soil. In this study, we found that its stems and leaves were the main tissues for high potassium accumulation, and P. acinosa showed a strong ability of K+ absorption in roots and a large capability of potassium accumulation in shoots. Analysis of plant growth and physiological characteristics indicated that P. acinosa had an adaptability in a wide range of external potassium levels. To reveal the mechanism of K+ uptake and transport in the potassium-hyperaccumulator plant P. acinosa, K+ uptake-/transport-related genes were screened by transcriptome sequencing, and their expression profiles were compared between K+ starved plants and normal cultured plants. Eighteen members of HAK/KT/KUPs, ten members of AKTs, and one member of HKT were identified in P. acinosa. Among them, six HAKs, and two AKTs and PaHKT1 showed significantly different expression. These transporters might be coordinatively involved in K+ uptake/transport in P. acinosa and lead to high potassium accumulation in plant tissues. In addition, significantly changed expression of some ABC transporters indicated that ABC transporters might be important for K+ uptake and transport in P. acinosa under low K+ concentrations.
Collapse
|
92
|
Kamle M, Mahato DK, Devi S, Soni R, Tripathi V, Mishra AK, Kumar P. Nanotechnological interventions for plant health improvement and sustainable agriculture. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:168. [PMID: 32206502 PMCID: PMC7072078 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-2152-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is the source of food for both humans and animals. With the growing population demands, agricultural production needs to be scaled up where nanotechnology can play a significant role. The use of nanotechnology in agriculture can manage plant disease and growth for better and quality output. Therefore, this review focuses on the use of various nanoparticles for detection of nutrients and contaminants, nanosensors for monitoring the environmental stresses and crop conditions as well as the use of nanotechnology for plant pathogen detection and crop protection. In addition, the delivery of plant growth regulators and agrichemicals like nanopesticides and nanofertilizers to the plants along with the delivery of DNA for targeted genetic engineering and production of genetically modified (GM) crops are discussed briefly. Further, the future concerns regarding the use of nanoparticles and their possible toxicity, impact on the agriculture and ecosystem needs to be assessed along with the assessment of the nanoparticles and GM crops on the environment and human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Kamle
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh 791109 India
| | - Dipendra Kumar Mahato
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Hwy, Burwood, VIC 3125 Australia
| | - Sheetal Devi
- National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management (NIFTEM), Sonipat, Haryana India
| | - Ramendra Soni
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007 India
| | - Vijay Tripathi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Engineering, Jacob Institute of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, 211007 India
| | - Awdhesh Kumar Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38541 Republic of Korea
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Forestry, North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and Technology, Nirjuli, Arunachal Pradesh 791109 India
| |
Collapse
|
93
|
Solis CA, Yong MT, Vinarao R, Jena K, Holford P, Shabala L, Zhou M, Shabala S, Chen ZH. Back to the Wild: On a Quest for Donors Toward Salinity Tolerant Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:323. [PMID: 32265970 PMCID: PMC7098918 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress affects global food producing areas by limiting both crop growth and yield. Attempts to develop salinity-tolerant rice varieties have had limited success due to the complexity of the salinity tolerance trait, high variation in the stress response and a lack of available donors for candidate genes for cultivated rice. As a result, finding suitable donors of genes and traits for salinity tolerance has become a major bottleneck in breeding for salinity tolerant crops. Twenty-two wild Oryza relatives have been recognized as important genetic resources for quantitatively inherited traits such as resistance and/or tolerance to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this review, we discuss the challenges and opportunities of such an approach by critically analyzing evolutionary, ecological, genetic, and physiological aspects of Oryza species. We argue that the strategy of rice breeding for better Na+ exclusion employed for the last few decades has reached a plateau and cannot deliver any further improvement in salinity tolerance in this species. This calls for a paradigm shift in rice breeding and more efforts toward targeting mechanisms of the tissue tolerance and a better utilization of the potential of wild rice where such traits are already present. We summarize the differences in salinity stress adaptation amongst cultivated and wild Oryza relatives and identify several key traits that should be targeted in future breeding programs. This includes: (1) efficient sequestration of Na+ in mesophyll cell vacuoles, with a strong emphasis on control of tonoplast leak channels; (2) more efficient control of xylem ion loading; (3) efficient cytosolic K+ retention in both root and leaf mesophyll cells; and (4) incorporating Na+ sequestration in trichrome. We conclude that while amongst all wild relatives, O. rufipogon is arguably a best source of germplasm at the moment, genes and traits from the wild relatives, O. coarctata, O. latifolia, and O. alta, should be targeted in future genetic programs to develop salt tolerant cultivated rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Celymar A. Solis
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Miing T. Yong
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ricky Vinarao
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Kshirod Jena
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
| | - Paul Holford
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Lana Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
94
|
Chen A, Hansen TH, Olsen LI, Palmgren M, Husted S, Schjoerring JK, Persson DP. Towards single-cell ionomics: a novel micro-scaled method for multi-element analysis of nanogram-sized biological samples. PLANT METHODS 2020; 16:31. [PMID: 32165911 PMCID: PMC7059671 DOI: 10.1186/s13007-020-00566-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand processes regulating nutrient homeostasis at the single-cell level there is a need for new methods that allow multi-element profiling of biological samples ultimately only available as isolated tissues or cells, typically in nanogram-sized samples. Apart from tissue isolation, the main challenges for such analyses are to obtain a complete and homogeneous digestion of each sample, to keep sample dilution at a minimum and to produce accurate and reproducible results. In particular, determining the weight of small samples becomes increasingly challenging when the sample amount decreases. RESULTS We developed a novel method for sampling, digestion and multi-element analysis of nanogram-sized plant tissue, along with strategies to quantify element concentrations in samples too small to be weighed. The method is based on tissue isolation by laser capture microdissection (LCM), followed by pressurized micro-digestion and ICP-MS analysis, the latter utilizing a stable µL min-1 sample aspiration system. The method allowed for isolation, digestion and analysis of micro-dissected tissues from barley roots with an estimated sample weight of only ~ 400 ng. In the collection and analysis steps, a number of contamination sources were identified. Following elimination of these sources, several elements, including magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and manganese (Mn), could be quantified. By measuring the exact area and thickness of each of the micro-dissected tissues, their volume was calculated. Combined with an estimated sample density, the sample weights could subsequently be calculated and the fact that these samples were too small to be weighed could thereby be circumvented. The method was further documented by analysis of Arabidopsis seeds (~ 20 µg) as well as tissue fractions of such seeds (~ 10 µg). CONCLUSIONS The presented method enables collection and multi-element analysis of small-sized biological samples, ranging down to the nanogram level. As such, the method paves the road for single cell and tissue-specific quantitative ionomics, which allow for future transcriptional, proteomic and metabolomic data to be correlated with ionomic profiles. Such analyses will deepen our understanding of how the elemental composition of plants is regulated, e.g. by transporter proteins and physical barriers (i.e. the Casparian strip and suberin lamellae in the root endodermis).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anle Chen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Thomas H. Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lene I. Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Michael Palmgren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Søren Husted
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jan K. Schjoerring
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Daniel Pergament Persson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
95
|
Wang Z, Hong Y, Zhu G, Li Y, Niu Q, Yao J, Hua K, Bai J, Zhu Y, Shi H, Huang S, Zhu JK. Loss of salt tolerance during tomato domestication conferred by variation in a Na + /K + transporter. EMBO J 2020; 39:e103256. [PMID: 32134151 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2019103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Domestication has resulted in reduced salt tolerance in tomato. To identify the genetic components causing this deficiency, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for root Na+ /K+ ratio in a population consisting of 369 tomato accessions with large natural variations. The most significant variations associated with root Na+ /K+ ratio were identified within the gene SlHAK20 encoding a member of the clade IV HAK/KUP/KT transporters. We further found that SlHAK20 transports Na+ and K+ and regulates Na+ and K+ homeostasis under salt stress conditions. A variation in the coding sequence of SlHAK20 was found to be the causative variant associated with Na+ /K+ ratio and confer salt tolerance in tomato. Knockout mutations in tomato SlHAK20 and the rice homologous genes resulted in hypersensitivity to salt stress. Together, our study uncovered a previously unknown molecular mechanism of salt tolerance responsible for the deficiency in salt tolerance in cultivated tomato varieties. Our findings provide critical information for molecular breeding to improve salt tolerance in tomato and other crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yechun Hong
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangtao Zhu
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China.,The AGISCAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Yumei Li
- The AGISCAAS-YNNU Joint Academy of Potato Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China
| | - Qingfeng Niu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Juanjuan Yao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Hua
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinjuan Bai
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingfang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huazhong Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sanwen Huang
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Kang Zhu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology and Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
96
|
Duchêne É, Dumas V, Butterlin G, Jaegli N, Rustenholz C, Chauveau A, Bérard A, Le Paslier MC, Gaillard I, Merdinoglu D. Genetic variations of acidity in grape berries are controlled by the interplay between organic acids and potassium. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:993-1008. [PMID: 31932953 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In a grapevine segregating population, genomic regions governing berry pH were identified, paving the way for breeding new grapevine varieties best adapted to a warming climate. As a consequence of global warming, grapevine berry acidity is expected to dramatically decrease. Adapting grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) varieties to the climatic conditions of the future requires a better understanding of the genetic architecture of acidity-related traits. For this purpose, we studied during five growing seasons 120 individuals from a grapevine biparental cross. Each offspring was genotyped by simple sequence repeats markers and by hybridization on a 20-K Grapevine Illumina® SNP chip. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for pH colocalized with QTLs for the ratio between potassium and tartaric acid concentrations, on chromosomes 10, 11 and 13. Strong QTLs for malic acid concentration or for the malic acid-to-tartaric acid ratio, on chromosomes 6 and 8, were not associated with variations of pH but can be useful for controlling pH stability under high temperatures. Our study highlights the interdependency between acidity parameters and consequently the constraints and degrees of freedom for designing grapevine genotypes better adapted to the expected warmer climatic conditions. In particular, it is possible to create grapevine genotypes with a high berry acidity as the result of both high tartaric acid concentrations and low K+ accumulation capacities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éric Duchêne
- SVQV, Univ. Strasbourg, INRAE, 68000, Colmar, France.
| | - Vincent Dumas
- SVQV, Univ. Strasbourg, INRAE, 68000, Colmar, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Isabelle Gaillard
- BPMP, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, SupAgro, 34000, Montpellier, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
97
|
Rubio F, Nieves-Cordones M, Horie T, Shabala S. Doing 'business as usual' comes with a cost: evaluating energy cost of maintaining plant intracellular K + homeostasis under saline conditions. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 225:1097-1104. [PMID: 30993727 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salinization of agricultural lands is a major threat to agriculture. Many different factors affect and determine plant salt tolerance. Nonetheless, there is a consensus on the relevance of maintaining an optimal cytosolic potassium : sodium ion (K+ : Na+ ) ratio for salinity tolerance in plants. This ratio depends on the operation of plasma membrane and tonoplast transporters. In the present review we focus on some aspects related to the energetic cost of maintaining that K+ : Na+ ratio. One of the factors that affect the cost of the first step of K+ acquisition - root K+ uptake through High Affinity K+ transporter and Arabidopsis K+ transport system 1 transport systems - is the value of the plasma membrane potential of root cells, a parameter that may differ amongst plant species. In addition to its role in nutrition, cytosolic K+ also is important for signalling, and K+ efflux through gated outward-rectifying K+ and nonselective cation channels can be regarded as a switch to redirect energy towards defence reactions. In maintaining cytosolic K+ , the great buffer capacity of the vacuole should be considered. The possible role of high-affinity K+ transporters (HKT)2s in mediating K+ uptake under saline conditions and the importance of cycling of K+ throughout the plant also are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Rubio
- Plant Nutrition Department, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | | | - Tomoaki Horie
- Division of Applied Biology, Shinshu University, 3-15-1, Tokida, Ueda, Nagano, 386-8567, Japan
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
- International Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan, 528041, China
| |
Collapse
|
98
|
Srivastava AK, Shankar A, Nalini Chandran AK, Sharma M, Jung KH, Suprasanna P, Pandey GK. Emerging concepts of potassium homeostasis in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:608-619. [PMID: 31624829 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Potassium (K+) is an essential cation in all organisms that influences crop production and ecosystem stability. Although most soils are rich in K minerals, relatively little K+ is present in forms that are available to plants. Moreover, leaching and run-off from the upper soil layers contribute to K+ deficiencies in agricultural soils. Hence, the demand for K fertilizer is increasing worldwide. K+ regulates multiple processes in cells and organs, with K+ deficiency resulting in decreased plant growth and productivity. Here, we discuss the complexity of the reactive oxygen species-calcium-hormone signalling network that is responsible for the sensing of K+ deficiency in plants, together with genetic approaches using K+ transporters that have been used to increase K+ use efficiency (KUE) in plants, particularly under environmental stress conditions such as salinity and heavy metal contamination. Publicly available rice transcriptome data are used to demonstrate the two-way relationship between K+ and nitrogen nutrition, highlighting how each nutrient can regulate the uptake and root to shoot translocation of the other. Future research directions are discussed in terms of this relationship, as well as prospects for molecular approaches for the generation of improved varieties and the implementation of new agronomic practices. An increased knowledge of the systems that sense and take up K+, and their regulation, will not only improve current understanding of plant K+ homeostasis but also facilitate new research and the implementation of measures to improve plant KUE for sustainable food production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Alka Shankar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Nalini Chandran
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Manisha Sharma
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology & Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Penna Suprasanna
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, Dhaula Kuan, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
99
|
Zhang Y, Wang Y, Xing J, Wan J, Wang X, Zhang J, Wang X, Li Z, Zhang M. Copalyl Diphosphate Synthase Mutation Improved Salt Tolerance in Maize ( Zea mays. L) via Enhancing Vacuolar Na + Sequestration and Maintaining ROS Homeostasis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:457. [PMID: 32477376 PMCID: PMC7237720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity stress impairs plant growth and causes crops to yield losses worldwide. Reduction of in vivo gibberellin acid (GA) level is known to repress plant size but is beneficial to plant salt tolerance. However, the mechanisms of in vivo GA deficiency-enhanced salt tolerance in maize are still ambiguous. In this study, we generated two independent maize knockout mutant lines of ent-copalyl diphosphate synthase (one of the key enzymes for early steps of GA biosynthesis), zmcps-1 and zmcps-7, to explore the role of GA in maize salt tolerance. The typical dwarf phenotype with lower GA content and delayed leaf senescence under salinity was observed in the mutant plants. The leaf water potential and cell turgor potential were significantly higher in zmcps-1 and zmcps-7 than in the wild type (WT) under salt stress. The mutant plants exhibited a lower superoxide anion production rate in leaves and also a downregulated relative expression level of NAPDH oxidase ZmRbohA-C than the WT maize under salt stress. Also, the mutant plants had higher enzymatic activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and higher content of soluble sugars and proline under salt stress. The Na+/K+ ratio was not significantly different between the mutant maize plants and WT plants under salt stress conditions, but the Na+ and K+ content was increased in zmcps-1 and zmcps-7 leaves and shoots. Na+ fluorescent dye staining showed that the mutant leaves have significantly higher vacuolar Na+ intensity than the WT maize. The expression level of vacuolar Na+/H+ exchanger gene ZmNHX1 and vacuolar proton pump genes ZmVP1-1 and ZmVP2 were upregulated in the zmcps-1 and zmcps-7 plants under salinity, further proving that in vivo GA deficiency enhanced vacuolar Na+ sequestration in zmcps-1 and zmcps-7 leaves cells to avoid Na+ cytotoxicity. Together, our results suggested that maintaining ROS homeostasis and enhancing vacuolar Na+ sequestration could be involved in GA deficiency-improved maize salt tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yushi Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiapeng Xing
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiachi Wan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xilei Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Beijing Research Center of Intelligent Equipment for Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohu Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Center for Crop Functional Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingcai Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
100
|
Deolu-Ajayi AO, Meyer AJ, Haring MA, Julkowska MM, Testerink C. Genetic Loci Associated with Early Salt Stress Responses of Roots. iScience 2019; 21:458-473. [PMID: 31707259 PMCID: PMC6849332 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a devastating abiotic stress accounting for major crop losses yearly. Plant roots can strikingly grow away from high-salt patches. This response is termed halotropism and occurs through auxin redistribution in roots in response to a salt gradient. Here, a natural variation screen for the early and NaCl-specific halotropic response of 333 Arabidopsis accessions revealed quantitative differences in the first 24 h. These data were successfully used to identify genetic components associated with the response through Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS). Follow-up characterization of knockout mutants in Col-0 background confirmed the role of transcription factor WRKY25, cation-proton exchanger CHX13, and a gene of unknown function DOB1 (Double Bending 1) in halotropism. In chx13 and dob1 mutants, ion accumulation and shoot biomass under salt stress were also affected. Thus, our GWAS has identified genetic components contributing to main root halotropism that provide insight into the genetic architecture underlying plant salt responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayodeji O Deolu-Ajayi
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands; Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Jessica Meyer
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michel A Haring
- Plant Physiology, Swammerdam Institute of Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1098XH Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Magdalena M Julkowska
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal-Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Christa Testerink
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Plant Sciences Group, Wageningen University and Research, 6708PB Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|