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Hambali NL, Ayu F, Pang NTP, Kassim MAM, Algristian H, Sahri M, Giloi N, Rahim SSSA, Omar A, Jeffree MS, Wider W. Mediating Effect of Psychological Process Variables on the Relationship between Dysfunctional Coping and Psychopathologies: A Comparative Study on Psychopathologies during COVID-19. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:206. [PMID: 35877276 PMCID: PMC9311721 DOI: 10.3390/bs12070206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis has had repercussions on global mental wellbeing. This study aimed: (1) to identify the mediating role of psychological process variables, namely psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility on the relationship between dysfunctional coping and psychopathologies in Indonesian undergraduate students subjected to national quarantine orders throughout July, 2020 and (2) to compare the level of anxiety, depression, and anxiety between Indonesian and Malaysian undergraduate students. A cross-sectional study was performed with 869 Indonesian undergraduate students from Nahdlatul Ulama University of Surabaya (UNUSA) and 515 undergraduate students from Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The BIPM, MAAS, AAQ-I, DASS-21, and Brief COPE were used to assess the research variables. The proportion who scored "moderate" and above for depression, anxiety, and stress were 20.2%, 25.0%, and 14.2%, respectively, in Malaysian samples and 22.2%, 35.0%, and 23.48% in Indonesian samples. In Study 1, psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological inflexibility significantly mediated the relationship between dysfunctional coping and psychopathologies. In Study 2, Indonesians demonstrated significantly higher anxiety and stress compared to Malaysian samples. Despite the contrasting COVID-19 situations in Malaysia and Indonesia, psychopathologies were more affected in Indonesia. Hence, our study suggests how crucial it is for mental health providers to consider promoting psychological mindedness, psychological mindfulness, and psychological flexibility to alleviate the corresponding psychopathologies among undergraduate students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfarah Lydia Hambali
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (N.L.H.); (M.A.M.K.); (N.G.); (S.S.S.A.R.); (A.O.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Friska Ayu
- Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya (UNUSA), Surabaya 60237, Indonesia; (F.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Nicholas Tze Ping Pang
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (N.L.H.); (M.A.M.K.); (N.G.); (S.S.S.A.R.); (A.O.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Mohd Amiruddin Mohd Kassim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (N.L.H.); (M.A.M.K.); (N.G.); (S.S.S.A.R.); (A.O.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Hafid Algristian
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya (UNUSA), Surabaya 60237, Indonesia;
| | - Moch. Sahri
- Faculty of Health, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya (UNUSA), Surabaya 60237, Indonesia; (F.A.); (M.S.)
| | - Nelbon Giloi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (N.L.H.); (M.A.M.K.); (N.G.); (S.S.S.A.R.); (A.O.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Syed Sharizman Syed Abdul Rahim
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (N.L.H.); (M.A.M.K.); (N.G.); (S.S.S.A.R.); (A.O.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Azizan Omar
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (N.L.H.); (M.A.M.K.); (N.G.); (S.S.S.A.R.); (A.O.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Mohammad Saffree Jeffree
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu 88400, Malaysia; (N.L.H.); (M.A.M.K.); (N.G.); (S.S.S.A.R.); (A.O.); (M.S.J.)
| | - Walton Wider
- Faculty of Business and Communication, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia
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Brandt L, Anthonipillai NJ, López-Castro T, Melara R, Espinosa A. Substance use trajectories among urban college students: associations with symptoms of stress, anxiety, and depression before and during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2022:1-10. [PMID: 35728099 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2089844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study explored substance use trajectories and associations with mental health among an ethnically/racially diverse college student sample before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We combined repeated cross-sections and panel data from a total of 3,247 college students assessed with an online survey in 2018, 2019, and in three waves in 2020. We estimated trends in substance use and their relation to mental health over the survey waves using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Our results revealed notable associations between 30-day substance use patterns, time of assessment, and psychological well-being. These findings suggest a complex interplay between access to substances, context of substance use, and mental health. We discuss several initiatives that have been launched in response to the results of this ongoing study. Such initiatives may serve as examples for expanding similar efforts to other commuter colleges to prevent further increases in mental health problems and risky substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Brandt
- Division on Substance Use Disorders, New York State Psychiatric Institute & Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Teresa López-Castro
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robert Melara
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriana Espinosa
- Psychology Department, The City College of New York, New York, New York, USA
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53
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Cobb RJ, Sheehan CM, Nguyen AW, Johnson D. COVID-19 hardships and self-reported sleep quality among American adults in March and April 2020: Results from a nationally representative panel study. Sleep Health 2022; 8:288-293. [PMID: 35400616 PMCID: PMC8987572 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) hardships and self-reported sleep troubles in a nationally representative sample of adults in the United States. DESIGN Prospective study in March and April 2020. SETTING Population-based. PARTICIPANTS About 8130 respondents who participated in the Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel in March and April of 2020. MEASUREMENTS Self-reported sleep troubles were defined as a report of 3 or more days per week with trouble sleeping in March and April (separately). Respondents were asked about COVID-19 stressors such as COVID-19 Threat and COVID-19-specific hardships including pay cuts/hours reductions, job loss, and childcare difficulties. Logistic regression models were fit to test associations between COVID-19 hardships and sleep troubles adjusted for sociodemographic covariates (age, gender, race/ethnicity, region, marital status, nativity, education, income, health insurance, and past diagnosis of mental health problems). RESULTS Reported sleep troubles increased from March (29.0%) to April (31.4%). For March, we found that COVID threat, losing a job, getting a pay cut, and difficulty with childcare were separately associated with sleep troubles. In April, COVID-19 threat and difficulty with childcare, but not losing a job or getting a pay cut were associated with sleep troubles even after additionally accounting for reported sleep troubles in March. CONCLUSIONS We found that COVID-19-specific stressors, especially a broad measure of COVID-19 Threat and stress over childcare, were associated with sleep troubles in March and April. These findings identified novel stressors related to COVID-19, which may affect the sleep of the American population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann W Nguyen
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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54
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Parisi CE, Varma DS, Wang Y, Vaddiparti K, Ibañez GE, Cruz L, Cook RL. Changes in Mental Health Among People with HIV During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative and Quantitative Perspectives. AIDS Behav 2022; 26:1980-1991. [PMID: 34993668 PMCID: PMC8736305 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-021-03547-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
People with HIV (PWH) are at risk for adverse mental health outcomes, which could be elevated during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study describes reasons for changes in mental health among PWH during the pandemic. Data come from closed- and open-ended questions about mental health changes from a follow-up to a cohort study on PWH in Florida during part of the COVID-19 pandemic (May 2020-March 2021). Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Among the total sample of 227 PWH (mean age 50.0, 49.7% men, 69.2% Black/African American, 14.1% Hispanic/Latino), 30.4% reported worsened mental health, 8.4% reported improved mental health, and 61.2% reported no change. The primary reasons for worsened mental health were concerns about COVID-19, social isolation, and anxiety/stress; reasons for improved mental health included increased focus on individual wellness. Nearly one-third of the sample experienced worsened mental health. These results provide support for increased mental health assessments in HIV treatment settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina E Parisi
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
| | - Deepthi S Varma
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Krishna Vaddiparti
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Gladys E Ibañez
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Liset Cruz
- Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Robert L Cook
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, 2004 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
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Eedara B, Kaphle S, West S, Lopez V, Cleary M. Will the Lockdown Blues Linger? Impacts of COVID-19 Lockdowns on Mental Health of Adult Populations. Issues Ment Health Nurs 2022; 43:582-586. [PMID: 35025695 DOI: 10.1080/01612840.2021.2014609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brahmani Eedara
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sabitra Kaphle
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sancia West
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Violeta Lopez
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michelle Cleary
- School of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Sciences, Central Queensland University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Schnabel L, Schieman S. Religion Protected Mental Health but Constrained Crisis Response During Crucial Early Days of the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL FOR THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF RELIGION 2022; 61:530-543. [PMID: 34230686 PMCID: PMC8250760 DOI: 10.1111/jssr.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates that religion protected mental health but constrained support for crisis response during the crucial early days of the COVID-19 pandemic. Data from a national probability-based sample of the U.S. population show that highly religious individuals and evangelicals suffered less distress in March 2020. They were also less likely to see the coronavirus outbreak as a crisis and less likely to support public health restrictions to limit the spread of the virus. The conservative politicization of religion in the United States can help explain why religious Americans (and evangelicals in particular) experienced less distress and were less likely to back public health efforts to contain the virus. We conclude that religion can be a source of comfort and strength in times of crisis, but-at least in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic-it can also undercut efforts to end the root causes of suffering.
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57
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Choi J, Kim KH. The Differential Consequences of Fear, Anger, and Depression in Response to COVID-19 in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116723. [PMID: 35682335 PMCID: PMC9180341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies on previous outbreaks of contagious diseases suggest that the impact of the emotions associated with an epidemic can be greater than that of the epidemic in terms of the number of people affected. This study explores the relationships between the three most commonly expressed emotional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic (fear, anger, and depression) and two outcome variables (compliance with the social-distancing policy and the stigmatization of those infected by COVID-19). A large online, public opinion survey was conducted in South Korea (n = 1000) between 4 and 11 June 2020, which was between the first and the second waves of COVID-19. A series of regression analyses suggest that the emotional response was accompanied by differential behavioral and perceptual consequences. Fear was consistently positively related to all indicators of compliance with social-distancing policies (the voluntary practice of social distancing, support for the “routine-life-distancing” policy, and support for stronger social-distancing policies). Anger was positively related to both stigmatization indicators (responsibility attribution and stigmatizing attitude toward people infected with COVID-19). Finally, depression showed negative relationships with support for the “routine-life-distancing” policy and for stronger social-distancing policies but a positive relationship with the voluntary practice of social distancing. By examining whether and how certain types of emotional responses are more or less related to compliance with social distancing and stigmatization, the present study provides practical implications for effective public communication during an epidemic such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jounghwa Choi
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-262-4631
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- The Media School, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea;
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58
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Persad-Clem R, Hoerster KD, Romano EFT, Huizar N, Maier KJ. Climate to COVID, global to local, policies to people: a biopsychosocial ecological framework for syndemic prevention and response in behavioral medicine. Transl Behav Med 2022; 12:516-525. [PMID: 35613005 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibac021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Land development, pollution, and waste have affected natural environments, contributing to hurricanes, wildfires, and pandemic infectious diseases like COVID-19. Globalized corporate food systems that produce ultra-refined foods with low nutritional value contribute to both environmental conditions and health conditions like obesity and undernutrition. This has the greatest impact on communities already suffering from elevated health risks driven by economic inequities rooted in racism. These interacting environmental, health, and social conditions represent a syndemic. We outline practical suggestions to address this syndemic of environmental degradation, pandemic infectious disease, chronic disease, undernutrition, and inequity through research and practice at many levels, including individual behavior, local communities, and regional, national and global policy. Collaboration with communities is central to simultaneously tackling interconnected human and environmental health threats. For example, community-led groups have increased access to healthy food in response to pandemic conditions. Building on behavioral medicine's rich foundation of ecological models, communities have partnered with local researchers to address the needs of equitable public transport and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions through multilevel research and practice. Policymakers, researchers, practitioners, and community members should collaborate with each other and across disciplines to find lasting, multiduty solutions to improve physical, psychosocial, and planetary health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema Persad-Clem
- Geisinger Commonwealth School of Medicine, School of Graduate Education, Scranton, PA 18509, USA
| | - Katherine D Hoerster
- VA Puget Sound Healthcare System, Seattle Division, Mental Health Service, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.,Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Evalynn Fae T Romano
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Nancy Huizar
- Got Green Seattle, Seattle, WA 98108, USA.,NHuizar Consulting LLC, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
| | - Karl J Maier
- Department of Psychology, Salisbury University, Salisbury, MD 21801, USA
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Askari I, Wenglorz L, Gajewski FJ, Jänner M, Vetter A, Askari A, Askari S, Balázsy Z, Bramer-Ugur S, Reinermann D, Nolting T, Meisenzahl E, Kujovic M. Predicting the role of coping factors on pandemic-related anxiety. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 42:1-10. [PMID: 35600263 PMCID: PMC9106324 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The year 2020 saw the emergence of a worldwide pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus COVID-19. Measures against further spread of the virus were taken nearly everywhere in the world. Many countries also imposed social distancing rules and lockdowns on their population. This situation has caused a lot of fear and insecurity, along with reactance and even unrest in some countries. In this study, we measured the psychological concepts of resilience, reactance, positive schemas, social solidarity, and anxiety among psychiatric patients and in how far these factors influence their psychopathological anxiety during the pandemic. The aim was to better understand in what ways these factors influence pandemic anxiety to be able to reduce its negative psychological effects. Findings show a significant effect of positive schemas and social solidarity on the level of pandemic anxiety in a sample of psychiatric patients, but no correlation between resilience or reactance and pandemic anxiety. Based on these insights, the inclusion of positive schemas and social solidarity for therapy should be considered. Looking deeper into the relation between positive schemas and pandemic anxiety could provide insight into the different ways that schemas influence people's anxiety and determine whether some of them are particularly important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Askari
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | | | - Michaela Jänner
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alicia Vetter
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amir Askari
- Iranian Institute of Schema Therapy, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zsuzsánna Balázsy
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Silke Bramer-Ugur
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dirk Reinermann
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Nolting
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Meisenzahl
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Milenko Kujovic
- LVR-Klinikum Düsseldorf, Kliniken der Heinrich-Heine Universität, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Bruggeman H, Smith P, Berete F, Demarest S, Hermans L, Braekman E, Charafeddine R, Drieskens S, De Ridder K, Gisle L. Anxiety and Depression in Belgium during the First 15 Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Longitudinal Study. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 12:bs12050141. [PMID: 35621438 PMCID: PMC9137576 DOI: 10.3390/bs12050141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic and policy measures enacted to contain the spread of the coronavirus have had nationwide psychological effects. This study aimed to assess the impact of the first 15 months of the COVID-19 pandemic on the level of anxiety (GAD-7 scale) and depression (PHQ-9 scale) of the Belgian adult population. A longitudinal study was conducted from April 2020 to June 2021, with 1838 respondents participating in 6 online surveys. Linear mixed models were used to model the associations between the predictor variables and the mental health outcomes. Results showed that the prevalence of symptoms of anxiety and depression was higher in times of stricter policy measures. Furthermore, after the initial stress from the outbreak, coping and adjustment were observed in participants, as symptoms of anxiety and depression decreased during times of lower policy restrictions to almost the same level as in pre-COVID times (2018). Though time trends were similar for all population subgroups, higher levels of both anxiety and depression were generally found among women, young people, people with poor social support, extraverts, people having pre-existing psychological problems, and people who were infected/exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Therefore, investment in mental health treatment programs and supports, especially for those risk groups, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Bruggeman
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Pierre Smith
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
- Institute of Health and Society, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Finaba Berete
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Stefaan Demarest
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Lize Hermans
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Elise Braekman
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Rana Charafeddine
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Sabine Drieskens
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Karin De Ridder
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
| | - Lydia Gisle
- Sciensano, Epidemiology and Public Health, 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (P.S.); (F.B.); (S.D.); (L.H.); (E.B.); (R.C.); (S.D.); (K.D.R.); (L.G.)
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61
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Leary E, Zachary I, Kyeong NY. Regional Differences in Serious Psychological Distress and Overall Physical and Mental Health. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:770-778. [PMID: 34455555 PMCID: PMC8403461 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00882-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To determine regional differences in the prevalence of overall physical health, overall mental health, and serious psychological distress (SPD). Data from the 2004 to 2016 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were used for weighted analysis across region. Relationship modifiers considered were sociodemographic factors, health factors, and measures of health expenditures. A higher burden ratio of health care expenditures is negatively associated with health outcomes, across all US regions and insurance. Compared to 2004 values, SPD, overall physical health, and mental health are significantly improved after 2014. This research supports the whole health paradigm, indicating that overall mental and physical health are closely related. The burden of health care costs is an important consideration and related to overall health outcomes, regardless of insurance status or region. These considerations are likely increasingly important to consider with recent global events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Leary
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Iris Zachary
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Na Young Kyeong
- School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA
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Peña-Longobardo LM, Oliva-Moreno J, Rodríguez-Sánchez B. The Effects of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 on the Reported Mental Health Symptoms of Nonprofessional Carers: An Analysis Across Europe. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 25:736-743. [PMID: 35500947 PMCID: PMC8665653 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study tries to analyze how the crisis generated by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 has affected the reported mental health symptoms of informal caregivers in different European countries. METHODS The Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe-COVID-19 was used, collecting information from the beginning of June 2020 to August 2020 about individuals' state of health and the care they received. Several probit regression models were used to analyze the differences in the probability of (1) being sad or depressed, (2) being anxious or nervous, (3) having difficulty sleeping, and (4) feeling lonely, between individuals who provided informal care and individuals who did not. Several subanalyses by geographic area, mortality rates due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and long-term care expenditure were also performed. RESULTS Since the outbreak of COVID-19, informal caregivers have had a higher probability of being sad or depressed of 8 percentage points (p.p.), a 7.1 p.p. higher probability of being anxious or nervous, and a 5.9 p.p. higher probability of having difficulty sleeping than non-caregivers. Informal caregivers in Southern Europe have had an 8 p.p. higher probability of being sad or depressed than non-caregivers. In Eastern Europe, this difference in probability reaches 9.7 p.p. Finally, in countries with higher mortality rates due to COVID-19, there have been greater differences in terms of being sad or depressed between caregivers and non-caregivers, regardless of expenditure on long-term care. CONCLUSIONS Since the outbreak of COVID-19, informal caregivers in Europe have had a higher probability of reporting mental health symptoms than non-caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan Oliva-Moreno
- Economic Analysis and Finance Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez-Sánchez
- Department of Applied, Public and Political Economics, Faculty of Law, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Greteman BB, Garcia-Auguste CJ, Gryzlak BM, Kahl AR, Lutgendorf SK, Chrischilles EA, Charlton ME. Rural and urban differences in perceptions, behaviors, and health care disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Rural Health 2022; 38:932-944. [PMID: 35466479 PMCID: PMC9115219 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The objective of this study was to assess perceptions, health behaviors, and disruptions related to the COVID‐19 pandemic in a largely rural, Midwestern state, and to examine differences between rural and urban respondents. Methods A questionnaire was mailed August 2020 to a sample of 10,009 registered voters in Iowa ages 18‐100 years, with oversampling from 6 select rural counties. Previously validated and tested items assessed COVID‐19 precautions, health care disruptions, emotional reactions, health behavior changes, telehealth and experiences with the internet, and demographic characteristics. Findings There were 4,048 respondents (40% response rate); 65% were rural and 35% were urban residents. The average age of respondents was 58.3 years and 45% of respondents identified as female. Rural respondents reported less concern about COVID‐19 in their community (29% vs 40%, P<.001) and lower perceived importance of social distancing (51% vs 64%, P<.001). Urban respondents more often reported experiencing disruption to daily living, stronger negative emotional reactions, and displayed more pronounced behavior change compared to their rural counterparts. For example, urban respondents reported more pandemic‐related job losses (6% vs 4%, P = .05), disruptions to daily activities (48% vs 35%, P<.001), and use of telehealth services during the pandemic (24% vs 16%, P<.001). Conclusions The majority of respondents reported disruptions to normal activities, medical appointment cancellations, and emotional distress during the first 6 months of the pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on urban residents appeared to be greater than for rural respondents. Timing of pandemic spread and varying beliefs are potential explanations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna B Greteman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Brian M Gryzlak
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Amanda R Kahl
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Susan K Lutgendorf
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Mary E Charlton
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Iowa College of Public Health, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Wootton AR, Rice DR, McKowen ALW, Veldhuis C. A Mixed-Methods and Prospective Approach to Understanding Coping Behaviors, Depression, Hopelessness, and Acute Stress in a U.S. Convenience Sample During the COVID-19 Pandemic. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2022; 49:219-230. [PMID: 35306901 DOI: 10.1177/10901981221084272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has led to increases in U.S. residents' stressors while limiting many of the resources previously available to cope with stress. Coping behaviors may contribute to the prevention or proliferation of psychological distress during and after the pandemic. Understanding these coping behaviors and associated psychological outcomes can help health educators develop programs that encourage effective coping and promote mental health. This study used a sequential mixed-methods approach informed by Roth and Cohen's conceptualization of coping to understand the use of approach coping behaviors- which are active and directed toward the perceived threat-and avoidance coping behaviors-which include activity directed away from perceived threat during the COVID-19 pandemic. U.S. residents (N = 2,987) were surveyed online in April 2020 and again in September 2021. Open-ended responses at baseline were thematically analyzed to illustrate coping behaviors in participants' own words. At baseline, more than half (56%) of the sample met criteria for probable depression, 51% for acute stress symptoms, and 42% for moderate to severe hopelessness. At follow-up, 45% meet criteria for probable depression and 23% for acute stress. However, the proportion of the sample who reported moderate to severe hopelessness increased to 48%. We used mixed-effects general linear models to examine changes over time and found that increases in approach coping behaviors were associated with decreases in depressive symptoms and hopelessness; increases in avoidance coping were associated with higher levels of depressive symptoms and higher levels of hopelessness. Increases in both types of coping were associated with increases in acute stress symptoms related to COVID-19. Although there was some attenuation in distress in our sample between April 2020 and September 2021, our findings suggest a need for interventions that encourage the use of approach coping behaviors and that both increase access to and decrease stigma for mental health support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angie R Wootton
- School of Social Welfare, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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65
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Bandara S, Maniates H, Hulsey E, Smith JS, DiDomenico E, Stuart EA, Saloner B, Krawczyk N. Opioid treatment program safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: a statewide survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:418. [PMID: 35354460 PMCID: PMC8965537 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Opioid treatment programs (OTPs) serve as daily essential services for people with opioid use disorder. This study seeks to identify modifications to operations and adoption of safety measures at Pennsylvania OTPs during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A 25-min online survey to clinical and administrative directors at all 103 state-licensed OTPs in Pennsylvania was fielded from September to November 2020. Survey domains included: 1) changes to services, client volume, hours and staffing during the COVID-19 pandemic 2) types of services modifications 3) safety protocols to reduce COVID-19 transmission 4) challenges to operations during the pandemic. Results Forty-seven directors responded, for a response rate of 45%. Almost all respondents reported making some service modification (96%, n = 43). Almost half (47%, n = 21) of respondents reported reductions in the number of clients served. OTPs were more likely to adopt safety protocols that did not require significant funding, such as limiting the number of people entering the site (100%, n = 44), posting COVID-safety information (100%, n = 44), enforcing social distancing (98%, n = 43), and increasing sanitation (100%, n = 44). Only 34% (n = 14) of OTPS provided N95 masks to most or all staff. Respondents reported that staff’s stress and negative mental health (86%, n = 38) and staff caregiving responsibilities (84%, n = 37) during the pandemic were challenges to maintaining OTP operations. Conclusion OTPs faced numerous challenges to operations and adoption of safety measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. Funding mechanisms and interventions to improve adoption of safety protocols, staff mental health as well as research on patient experiences and preferences can inform further OTP adaptation to the COVID-19 pandemic and future emergency planning. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07832-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachini Bandara
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Hannah Maniates
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Eric Hulsey
- Vital Strategies, 100 Broadway 4th Floor, New York, NY, 10005, USA
| | - Jennifer S Smith
- Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs, Harrisburg, PA, 17110, USA
| | - Ellen DiDomenico
- Pennsylvania Department of Drug and Alcohol Programs, Harrisburg, PA, 17110, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Stuart
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Brendan Saloner
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Noa Krawczyk
- Center for Opioid Epidemiology and Policy, Department of Population Health, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA
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Mayer B, Helm S, Barnett M, Arora M. The impact of workplace safety and customer misbehavior on supermarket workers' stress and psychological distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-03-2021-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposeEssential frontline workers in the retail sector face increased exposure risks to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to frequent interactions with the general public. Often these interactions are fraught with controversies over public safety protocols. The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of frontline workers' perceptions of workplace safety and customer misbehaviors on their stress and psychological distress to inform managing workplace health and safety during public health crises.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted an online survey of 3,344 supermarket workers in the state of Arizona (US) during the state's first COVID-19 pandemic wave in July 2020. Measures included mental health distress, and perceptions of workplace safety and customer behaviors. The authors utilized a mixed-methods approach combining multiple regression analyses with qualitative analyses of open-ended comments.FindingsWorkers reported high rates of stress and psychological distress. Increases in mental health morbidity were correlated with perceptions of being unsafe in the workplace and concerns about negative customer encounters. Qualitative analyses reveal frustration with management's efforts to reduce risks intertwined with feelings of being unsafe and vulnerable to threatening customer encounters.Practical implicationsThe findings highlight the need to provide and enforce clear safety guidelines, including how to manage potential hostile customer interactions, to promote positive health workplace management during a pandemic.Originality/valueThis study is among the first to assess the COVID-19 pandemic's impact on the mental health of non-health care frontline essential workers and presents novel insights regarding perceived customer misbehavior and need for management support and guidance in a public health crisis.
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Prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among Psychiatric Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Malaysian Perspective. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10030532. [PMID: 35327009 PMCID: PMC8951112 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The psychological distress reported among frontline healthcare workers (HCWs) is concerning. Little is known about the mental health of non-frontline, psychiatric HCWs, who play a central role in handling the mental health crisis during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of anxiety and depression among psychiatric HCWs and evaluate its association with socio-demographic, socio-economic, work-related factors and coping strategies. The authors proposed a cross-sectional study design using the Hospital Anxiety and Depressive Scale (HADS) and Brief-COPE scale. This study found that the prevalence of anxiety and depression were 22.0% and 16.8%, respectively. A multivariate analysis revealed that married psychiatric HCWs had a lower level of anxiety with OR = 0.31 (95% CI: 0.11-0.83). Psychiatric HCWs who were experiencing financial hardships, were unvaccinated and those who had a shorter duration of service in the psychiatric department had a higher level of depressive symptoms with OR = 0.31 (CI: 1.19-11.27), 3.21 (CI: 0.97-10.52), and 1.01 (CI: 1.00-1.02), respectively. For every increase of one unit of avoidant coping score among respondents, the odds of having anxiety and depression increased by 1.25 times (CI: 1.15-1.37) and 1.20 times (CI: 1.09-1.32), respectively, whereas for every increase of one unit of religious coping score among respondents, the odds of having anxiety reduced by 1.42 times (CI: 1.10-1.84). The authors highlight that psychosocial measures addressing the relatively high levels of anxiety and depression among psychiatric HCWs should be a key priority to ensure the sustainment of mental health services in the face of this prolonged pandemic.
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68
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Mercier CM, Abbott DM, Ternes MS. Coping Matters: An Examination of Coping among Black Americans During COVID-19. COUNSELING PSYCHOLOGIST 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/00110000211069598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Using a critical race theory framework and a convergent mixed-method design, this study examined the relationship between coping with stress and psychological distress among Black U.S. Americans ( N = 155) during the COVID-19 pandemic in the context of race-based stressors (e.g., anti-Black racism). Path analysis revealed mixed support for hypotheses; avoidant coping was positively related to all measured facets of psychological distress, whereas socially supported coping was associated with none. Self-sufficient coping was negatively associated with only depressive symptoms. Qualitative analysis revealed four salient themes: (a) Race and the COVID-19 Pandemic, (b) Complex Pandemic Related Changes to Life, (c) Emotional Responses to the Pandemic, and (d) Coping with the COVID Pandemic. These themes suggested the pandemic disrupted participants’ ability to engage in, or effectively use, typically adaptive coping strategies and distress was exacerbated by fears for the safety of other Black U.S. Americans. Implications for training, practice, research, and advocacy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin M. Mercier
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
| | - Dena M. Abbott
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Michael S. Ternes
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, LA, USA
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The where and when of COVID-19: Using ecological and Twitter-based assessments to examine impacts in a temporal and community context. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264280. [PMID: 35196353 PMCID: PMC8865674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2020, residents of the Bronx, New York experienced one of the first significant community COVID-19 outbreaks in the United States. Focusing on intensive longitudinal data from 78 Bronx-based older adults, we used a multi-method approach to (1) examine 2019 to early pandemic (February-June 2020) changes in momentary psychological well-being of Einstein Aging Study (EAS) participants and (2) to contextualize these changes with community distress scores collected from public Twitter posts posted in Bronx County. We found increases in mean loneliness from 2019 to 2020; and participants that were higher in neuroticism had greater increases in thought unpleasantness and feeling depressed. Twitter-based Bronx community scores of anxiety, depressivity, and negatively-valenced affect showed elevated levels in 2020 weeks relative to 2019. Integration of EAS participant data and community data showed week-to-week fluctuations across 2019 and 2020. Results highlight how community-level data can characterize a rapidly changing environment to supplement individual-level data at no additional burden to individual participants.
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70
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Brown N, Cedar T, Tziraki C. Psychodrama with persons with dementia on zoom: Proof of concept. DEMENTIA 2022; 21:1289-1303. [PMID: 35236150 PMCID: PMC9189438 DOI: 10.1177/14713012221074484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent lockdowns created a global public health crisis generating mental health problems including social isolation, stress, and anxiety especially for persons with dementia and their carers. This article reports on the use of digital technology to maintain social connectivity via a virtual group session that focused on the topic of "what is home." Participants in this session included 16 day-care center clients representing an immigrant community identified with mild to moderate cognitive impairment. A trained psychodrama therapist conducted the virtual group meeting based on five key techniques: spectrogram, role reversal, doubling, mirroring, and soliloquy. The NVivo software was used for the qualitative analysis of the transcribed video recording to identify key themes based on grounded theory methodology. Zooming from home, clients engaged in significant social interaction. Findings of the NVivo analysis identified the following themes of "what is home": Emotions and home, Home is family, Home is community, and Reminiscence (with objects and traditions). Findings suggest that digital interactive technologies, like Zoom, enhance social connectivity thus mitigating the negative impact of social isolation for persons with dementia especially during pandemic lockdowns. Our pilot findings based on virtual group meetings from home demonstrate that participants can express significant emotive capacity and enhanced connectivity with one another despite a diagnosis of mild to moderate dementia. While larger studies are needed to confirm these findings, we suggest that this methodology may be used to support persons with dementia not only in times of pandemics but also as an addition to other community and home care services. Changes in reimbursement policies to include these innovative home services may be helpful in building more resilient communities for the more highly vulnerable populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Brown
- Talpiot English-speaking Center, 151027MELABEV-Community Clubs for Eldercare, Jerusalem, Israel.,PhD Candidate, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Tzippi Cedar
- Talpiot English-speaking Center, MELABEV-Community Clubs for Eldercare, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Chariklia Tziraki
- Talpiot English-speaking Center, MELABEV-Community Clubs for Eldercare, Jerusalem, Israel.,Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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71
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Kaufman MR, Wright K, Simon J, Edwards G, Thrul J, DuBois DL. Mentoring in the Time of COVID-19: An Analysis of Online Focus Groups with Mentors to Youth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 69:33-45. [PMID: 34318506 PMCID: PMC8426756 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the experiences of mentors to youth during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aims were to examine (1) the role of the pandemic on mentor-mentee interactions and relationships and (2) the ways in which mentors could be supported during the health crisis to better meet youth needs. Six online focus groups were conducted with 39 mentors. Mentor participants included 26 females and 11 males (two did not disclose gender), and 51% identified as white. Any mentor currently in a mentoring relationship, regardless of type, was eligible. Using Facebook groups, moderators posted questions and prompts, and mentor participants responded using textual comments. The text from each group was recorded, extracted, and coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. As mentors transitioned to a primarily online format, text and video chat became the most common communication methods. Mentees' access to technology and privacy were the biggest challenges faced. Mentor concerns for their mentees varied, including mental health, school, family finances, and access to instrumental support and food. Mentor help involved routinely connecting with mentees and providing academic support. Mentors requested ideas and resources for connecting with mentees and an online mentor support group. During the early weeks of the pandemic, mentors continued to engage with mentees, offering valuable support during a confusing and scary time. Mentoring programs can broaden their approach, intentionally integrating online connecting in an effort to provide safe, appropriate, and continued support to both mentors and mentees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R. Kaufman
- Department of Health, Behavior & SocietyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Kate Wright
- Department of Health, Behavior & SocietyJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | | | - Giselle Edwards
- Department of Mental HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental HealthJohns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA
- Centre for Alcohol Policy ResearchLa Trobe UniversityMelbourneVicAustralia
| | - David L. DuBois
- Department of PsychologySchool of Public Health and Institute for Health Research and PolicyUniversity of Illinois ChicagoChicagoILUSA
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Callan C, Ladds E, Husain L, Pattinson K, Greenhalgh T. 'I can't cope with multiple inputs': a qualitative study of the lived experience of 'brain fog' after COVID-19. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e056366. [PMID: 35149572 PMCID: PMC8844964 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the lived experience of 'brain fog'-the wide variety of neurocognitive symptoms that can follow COVID-19. DESIGN AND SETTING A UK-wide longitudinal qualitative study comprising online focus groups with email follow-up. METHOD 50 participants were recruited from a previous qualitative study of the lived experience of long COVID-19 (n=23) and online support groups for people with persistent neurocognitive symptoms following COVID-19 (n=27). In remotely held focus groups, participants were invited to describe their neurocognitive symptoms and comment on others' accounts. Individuals were followed up by email 4-6 months later. Data were audiotaped, transcribed, anonymised and coded in NVIVO. They were analysed by an interdisciplinary team with expertise in general practice, clinical neuroscience, the sociology of chronic illness and service delivery, and checked by people with lived experience of brain fog. RESULTS Of the 50 participants, 42 were female and 32 white British. Most had never been hospitalised for COVID-19. Qualitative analysis revealed the following themes: mixed views on the appropriateness of the term 'brain fog'; rich descriptions of the experience of neurocognitive symptoms (especially executive function, attention, memory and language), accounts of how the illness fluctuated-and progressed over time; the profound psychosocial impact of the condition on relationships, personal and professional identity; self-perceptions of guilt, shame and stigma; strategies used for self-management; challenges accessing and navigating the healthcare system; and participants' search for physical mechanisms to explain their symptoms. CONCLUSION These qualitative findings complement research into the epidemiology and mechanisms of neurocognitive symptoms after COVID-19. Services for such patients should include: an ongoing therapeutic relationship with a clinician who engages with their experience of neurocognitive symptoms in its personal, social and occupational context as well as specialist services that include provision for neurocognitive symptoms, are accessible, easily navigable, comprehensive and interdisciplinary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitriona Callan
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Emma Ladds
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Laiba Husain
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyle Pattinson
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Trisha Greenhalgh
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic Associated with Anxiety and Depression among Non-Hispanic Whites with Chronic Conditions in the US. JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS REPORTS 2022; 8:100331. [PMID: 35224528 PMCID: PMC8861147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2022.100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives During the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, increased anxiety and depression were reported, with mixed findings among individuals of different races/ethnicities. This study examines whether anxiety and depression increased during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the pre-COVD-19 period among different racial/ethnic groups in the US. Methods The Health Information National Trend Surveys 5 (HINTS 5) Cycle 4 data was analyzed. We used the time when the survey was administered as the pre-COVID-19 period (before March 11, 2020, weighted N = 77,501,549) and during the COVID-19 period (on and after March 11, 2020, weighted N = 37,222,019). The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) was used to measure anxiety/depression and further compared before and during COVID-19. Separate multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association of the COVID-19 pandemic with anxiety/depression after adjusting for age, sex, insurance, income, and education. Result A higher percentage of Non-Hispanic whites (NHW) with chronic conditions reported anxiety (24.3% vs. 11.5%, p = 0.0021) and depression (20.7% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.0034) during COVID-19 than pre-COVID-19. The adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of anxiety and depression for NHWs with chronic conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic was 2.02 (95% confidence interval of 1.10–3.73, p = 0.025) and 2.33 (1.17–4.65, p = 0.018) compared to NHWs who participated in the survey before the COVID-19. Limitations Limited to the NHW US population. PHQ can only be used as the initial screening tool. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increased prevalence of anxiety and depression among NHW adults with chronic conditions, but not among people of color.
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74
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Paige SR, Bunnell BE, Bylund CL. Disparities in Patient-Centered Communication via Telemedicine. Telemed J E Health 2022; 28:212-218. [PMID: 33913764 PMCID: PMC8861920 DOI: 10.1089/tmj.2021.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigated disparities in the uptake of telemedicine and the degree of patient-centeredness of telemedicine consultations among vulnerable patient populations. The focus includes rural adults and adults living with psychological distress and a high risk for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Materials and Methods: In August 2020, a random sample of 932 U.S. adults ≥35 years old with a history of smoking tobacco completed an online survey. Chi-squared analyses were conducted to compare the sociodemographics of participants who did and did not use telemedicine. A series of analysis of variance tests were conducted to examine whether satisfaction with patient-centeredness of telemedicine consultations (i.e., open-endedness, expressed empathy, provider's ability, 5-point Likert scale) differs by rural/urban residence, psychological distress, and COPD risk. Results: About 25% of the sample (n = 240) reported having used telemedicine. Telemedicine use was associated with younger age, Hispanic ethnicity, and moderate-to-high psychological distress, but not rurality. Participants reported high general satisfaction with the patient-centeredness of telemedicine consultations (M = 4.42 ± 0.73). However, high psychological distress and identifying as a current smoker were associated with less satisfaction across all domains. High COPD risk was uniquely associated with less satisfaction in how providers express empathy remotely. Conclusion: Individuals with moderate-to-high psychological distress and a high risk for COPD experience challenges accessing high-quality, patient-centered care via telemedicine. As telemedicine becomes ubiquitous in health care, innovative solutions are needed to overcome barriers that prevent providers from delivering patient-centered care and patients from feeling satisfied with their remote consultations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha R. Paige
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc, Rochester, New York, USA.,College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Address correspondence to: Samantha R. Paige, PhD, MPH, CHES, Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me, Inc, 3445 Winton Place Suite 120, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
| | - Brian E. Bunnell
- Doxy.me Research, Doxy.me Inc, Rochester, New York, USA.,Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Carma L. Bylund
- College of Journalism and Communications, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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75
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Giannouchos TV, Brooks JM, Andreyeva E, Ukert B. Frequency and factors associated with foregone and delayed medical care due to COVID-19 among nonelderly US adults from August to December 2020. J Eval Clin Pract 2022; 28:33-42. [PMID: 34910347 DOI: 10.1111/jep.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the frequency and factors associated with foregone and delayed medical care attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic among nonelderly adults from August to December 2020 in the United States. METHODS We used three survey waves from the Urban Institute's Household Pulse Survey (HPS) collected between August 19-31, October 14-26 and December 9-21. The final sample included 155,825 nonelderly (18-64) respondents representing 135,835,598 million individuals in the United States. We used two multivariable logistic regressions to estimate the association between respondents' characteristics and foregone and delayed care. RESULTS The frequency of foregone and delayed medical care was 26.9% and 35.9%, respectively. Around 60% of respondents reported difficulties in paying for usual household expenses in the last 7 days. More than half reported several days of mental health issues. The regression results indicated that foregone or delayed care were significantly associated with difficulties in paying usual household expenses (p < 0.001), worse self-reported health status (p < 0.001), increased mental health problems (p < 0.001), Veterans Affairs (p <0.001) or Medicaid (p = 0.003) coverage compared to private healthcare coverage, and older age groups. Individuals who participated in the latter two waves of the survey (October, December) were less likely to report foregone and delayed care compared to those who participated in Wave 1 (August). CONCLUSION Overall, the frequency of foregone and delayed medical care remained high from August to December 2020 among nonelderly US adults. Our findings highlight that pandemic-induced access barriers are major drivers of reduced healthcare provision during the second half of the pandemic and highlight the need for policies to support patients in seeking timely care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros V Giannouchos
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA
| | - John M Brooks
- Department of Health Services Policy and Management, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, USA.,Center for Effectiveness Research in Orthopaedics (CERortho), Greenville, South Carolina, USA
| | - Elena Andreyeva
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Benjamin Ukert
- Department of Health Policy and Management, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Dickerson F, Katsafanas E, Newman T, Origoni A, Rowe K, Squire A, Ziemann RS, Khushalani S, Yolken R. Experiences of Persons With Serious Mental Illness During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:133-140. [PMID: 34189930 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202100130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize the experiences of persons with serious mental illness during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Adults with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression, or no psychiatric disorder (N=195) were interviewed between July 2020 and January 2021. All were previously enrolled in a cohort study. The interviews focused on mental distress and suicidal thoughts, the impact of the pandemic and pandemic-related worries, tobacco and alcohol use, and access to care. Responses of persons with serious mental illness were compared with responses of those without a psychiatric disorder by using multivariate ordered logistic regression analyses. For a subset of participants, responses about suicidal ideation were compared with their responses prior to the pandemic. RESULTS Compared with participants with no psychiatric disorder, individuals with schizophrenia were more likely to endorse that they felt overwhelmed or anxious, had difficulty concentrating, or were concerned about medical bills and having enough food; they also reported significantly increased tobacco smoking. Individuals with bipolar disorder also reported more COVID-19-related worries than did participants without a psychiatric disorder. Overall, those with a psychiatric disorder reported more frequent mental distress and more recent missed medical visits and medications than did those with no psychiatric disorder. However, participants with serious mental illness did not report a higher rate of suicidal thoughts compared with their prepandemic responses. CONCLUSIONS The pandemic poses significant challenges to individuals with serious mental illness in terms of COVID-19-related distress. Psychiatric services should proactively address the emotional distress and worries associated with the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Dickerson
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
| | - Emily Katsafanas
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
| | - Theresa Newman
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
| | - Andrea Origoni
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
| | - Kelly Rowe
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
| | - Amalia Squire
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
| | - Rita S Ziemann
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
| | - Sunil Khushalani
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
| | - Robert Yolken
- Sheppard Pratt (Dickerson, Katsafanas, Newman, Origoni, Rowe, Squire, Ziemann, Khushalani) and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (Yolken), Baltimore
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77
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Chen S, Aruldass AR, Cardinal RN. Mental health outcomes after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in the United States: A national cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2022; 298:396-399. [PMID: 34774648 PMCID: PMC8580571 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Worsening of anxiety and depressive symptoms have been widely described during the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be hypothesized that vaccination could link to reduced symptoms of anxiety and/or depression. However, to date, no study has assessed this. This study aims to examine anxiety and depressive symptoms after vaccination in US adults, meanwhile test sociodemographic disparities in these outcomes. METHODS Data from the January 6-June 7 2021, cross-sectional Household Pulse Survey were analyzed. Using survey-weighted logistic regression, we assessed the relationships between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and anxiety and/or depressive symptoms, both on overall and sociodemographic subgroups. We controlled for a variety of potential socioeconomic and demographic confounding factors. RESULTS Of the 453,167 participants studied, 52.2% of the participants had received the COVID-19 vaccine, and 26.5% and 20.3% of the participants reported anxiety and depression, respectively. Compared to those not vaccinated, the vaccinated participants had a 13% lower odds of anxiety (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.85, 95%CI 0.83-0.90) and 17% lower odds of depression (AOR = 0.83, 95%CI 0.79-0.85). Disparities on the above associations were identified in age, marital status, education level, ethnic/race, and income level, but not on gender. LIMITATIONS The causal inference was not able to be investigated due to the cross-sectional study design. CONCLUSION Being vaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 was associated with lower odds of anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. While those more middle-aged or more affluent, were more likely to show these negative associations, the contrary was observed in ethnic minorities and those with lower educational attainment. More strategic and demography-sensitive public health communications could perhaps temper these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanquan Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Athina R. Aruldass
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rudolf N. Cardinal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom,Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, CB21 5EF, United Kingdom
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Cheek NN, Reutskaja E, Schwartz B. Balancing the Freedom-Security Trade-Off During Crises and Disasters. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2022; 17:1024-1049. [PMID: 35100077 DOI: 10.1177/17456916211034499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During crises and disasters, such as hurricanes, terrorist threats, or pandemics, policymakers must often increase security at the cost of freedom. Psychological science, however, has shown that the restriction of freedom may have strong negative consequences for behavior and health. We suggest that psychology can inform policy both by elucidating some negative consequences of lost freedom (e.g., depression or behavioral reactance) and by revealing strategies to address them. We propose four interlocking principles that can help policymakers restore the freedom-security balance. Careful consideration of the psychology of freedom can help policymakers develop policies that most effectively promote public health, safety, and well-being when crises and disasters strike.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Reutskaja
- Marketing Department, IESE Business School, University of Navarra
| | - Barry Schwartz
- Haas School of Business, University of California, Berkeley
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Reported Changes in Eating Habits Related to Less Healthy Foods and Beverages during the COVID-19 Pandemic among US Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030526. [PMID: 35276885 PMCID: PMC8838827 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered stress, anxiety, and disruption to many individuals’ daily lives, which might impact eating habits. Objective: To examine changes in eating habits related to less healthy foods and beverages during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic among US adults. Design: Cross-sectional study. Participants/setting: Authors used SummerStyles data gathered in June 2020 among 3916 US adults (≥18 years). Main outcome measures: The outcome of interest was the reported frequency of consuming more (1) unhealthy snacks and desserts including chips, cookies, and ice cream and (2) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) like regular soda, fruit drinks, sports/energy drinks, sweetened coffee/teas during the COVID-19 pandemic. Responses were categorized as Never/Rarely, Sometimes, or Often/Always. Explanatory variables were sociodemographics, weight status, and census regions. Statistical analyses performed: We used multinomial regressions to calculate adjusted odds ratios (AOR) for Sometimes or Often/Always consuming more unhealthy snacks/desserts (vs. Never/Rarely); and Sometimes or Often/Always more SSBs (vs. Never/Rarely). Results: Overall, 36% of adults reported sometimes consuming more unhealthy snacks/desserts; 16% did so often/always. Twenty-two percent of adults reported sometimes drinking more SSBs; 10% did so often/always. Factors significantly associated with higher odds of reporting often/always consuming more unhealthy snacks/desserts were younger adults (AOR range = 1.51−2.86 vs. adults ≥65 years), females (AOR = 1.58 vs. males), non-Hispanic Black (AOR = 1.89 vs. non-Hispanic White), lower household income (AOR = 2.01 for <USD 35,000 vs. ≥USD 100,000), and obesity (AOR = 1.56 vs. underweight/healthy weight). Factors significantly associated with odds of Often/Always drinking more SSBs were being younger (AOR range = 2.26−4.39 vs. adults ≥65 years), non-Hispanic Black (AOR = 3.25 vs. non-Hispanic White), Hispanic (AOR = 1.75 vs. non-Hispanic White), non-Hispanic Other race/ethnicity (AOR = 2.41 vs. non-Hispanic White), lower education (AOR = 2.03 for ≤high school; AOR = 1.80 for some college vs. college graduate), lower household income (AOR range = 1.64−3.15 vs. ≥USD 100,000), and obesity (AOR = 1.61 vs. underweight/healthy weight). Conclusions: Consuming more sugary foods and SSBs during the first phase of the pandemic was higher in younger adults, lower-income adults, people of racial/ethnic minority groups, and adults with obesity. Dietary shifts to less healthy foods and drinks may influence metabolic health if sustained long-term. Implementing strategies to support individual’s healthy eating habits during the ongoing pandemic and the pandemic recovery may benefit health and wellness.
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Monninger M, Aggensteiner PM, Pollok TM, Reinhard I, Hall ASM, Zillich L, Streit F, Witt SH, Reichert M, Ebner-Priemer U, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Tost H, Brandeis D, Banaschewski T, Holz NE. Real-time individual benefit from social interactions before and during the lockdown: the crucial role of personality, neurobiology and genes. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:28. [PMID: 35064105 PMCID: PMC8777449 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01799-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Social integration is a major resilience factor for staying healthy. However, the COVID-19-pandemic led to unprecedented restrictions in social life. The consequences of these social lockdowns on momentary well-being are yet not fully understood. We investigated the affective benefit from social interactions in a longitudinal birth cohort. We used two real-time, real-life ecological momentary assessments once before and once during the initial lockdown of the pandemic (N = 70 participants; n~6800 observations) capturing the protective role of social interactions on well-being. Moreover, we used a multimethod approach to analyze ecological assessment data with individual risk and resilience factors, which are promising moderators in the relationship of social behavior, stress reactivity, and affective states (i.e., amygdala volume, neuroticism, polygenic risk for schizophrenia). Social contacts were linked to higher positive affect both during normal times and during the COVID-19-pandemic (beta coefficient = 0.1035), highlighting the beneficial role of social embedding. Interestingly, this relationship was differentially moderated by individual risk and resilience factors. In detail, participants with a larger left amygdala volume (beta coefficient = -0.0793) and higher neuroticism (beta coefficient = -0.0958) exhibited an affective benefit from more social interactions prior to the pandemic. This pattern changed during the pandemic with participants with smaller amygdala volumes and lower neurotic traits showing an affective gain during the pandemic. Moreover, participants with low genetic risk for schizophrenia showed an affective benefit (beta coefficient = -0.0528) from social interactions irrespective of the time point. Our results highlight the protective role of social integration on momentary well-being. Thereby, we offer new insights into how this relationship is differently affected by a person's neurobiology, personality, and genes under adverse circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Monninger
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Pascal-M. Aggensteiner
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Tania M. Pollok
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Iris Reinhard
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Biostatistics, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Alisha S. M. Hall
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Lea Zillich
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Fabian Streit
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Stephanie-H. Witt
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Markus Reichert
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany ,grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874mental mHealth lab, Institute of Sport and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ebner-Priemer
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany ,grid.7892.40000 0001 0075 5874mental mHealth lab, Institute of Sport and Sports Science, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Engler-Bunte Ring 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Heike Tost
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Daniel Brandeis
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric Hospital, University of Zurich, Neumünsterallee 9, Zurich, 8032 Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, 8057 Switzerland ,grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, Zurich, 8057 Switzerland
| | - Tobias Banaschewski
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany
| | - Nathalie E. Holz
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, J5, Mannheim, 68159 Germany ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Graves CE, Goyal N, Levin A, Nuño MA, Kim J, Campbell MJ, Shen WT, Gosnell JE, Roman SA, Sosa JA, Duh QY, Suh I. ANXIETY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A WEB-BASED SURVEY OF THYROID CANCER SURVIVORS. Endocr Pract 2022; 28:405-413. [PMID: 35032648 PMCID: PMC8754453 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Objective Cancer patients and survivors may be disproportionately affected by COVID-19. We sought to determine the effects of the pandemic on thyroid cancer survivors’ health care interactions and quality of life. Methods An anonymous survey including questions about COVID-19 and the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System profile (PROMIS-29, version 2.0) was hosted on the Thyroid Cancer Survivors’ Association, Inc website. PROMIS scores were compared to previously published data. Factors associated with greater anxiety were evaluated with univariable and multivariable logistic regression. Results From May 6, 2020, to October 8, 2020, 413 participants consented to take the survey; 378 (92%) met the inclusion criteria: diagnosed with thyroid cancer or noninvasive follicular neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features, located within the United States, and completed all sections of the survey. The mean age was 53 years, 89% were women, and 74% had papillary thyroid cancer. Most respondents agreed/strongly agreed (83%) that their lives were very different during the COVID-19 pandemic, as were their interactions with doctors (79%). A minority (43%) were satisfied with the information from their doctor regarding COVID-19 changes. Compared to pre-COVID-19, PROMIS scores were higher for anxiety (57.8 vs 56.5; P < .05) and lower for the ability to participate in social activities (46.2 vs 48.1; P < .01), fatigue (55.8 vs 57.9; P < .01), and sleep disturbance (54.7 vs 56.1; P < .01). After adjusting for confounders, higher anxiety was associated with younger age (P < .01) and change in treatment plan (P = .04). Conclusion During the COVID-19 pandemic, thyroid cancer survivors reported increased anxiety compared to a pre-COVID cohort. To deliver comprehensive care, providers must better understand patient concerns and improve communication about potential changes to treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E Graves
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California.
| | - Neha Goyal
- Psycho-Oncology Program, University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Anna Levin
- Psycho-Oncology Program, University of California San Francisco Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Miriam A Nuño
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Jina Kim
- Department of Surgery, Inova Schar Cancer Institute, Fairfax, Virginia
| | - Michael J Campbell
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, California
| | - Wen T Shen
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Jessica E Gosnell
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Sanziana A Roman
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Julie A Sosa
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Quan-Yang Duh
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Insoo Suh
- Department of Surgery, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York
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82
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Křeménková L, Novotný JS, Kvintová J. Two Waves of COVID-19 in University Setting: Mental Health and Underlying Risk Factors. Front Psychol 2022; 12:780071. [PMID: 35002867 PMCID: PMC8729183 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.780071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to assess the differences in the mental distress of university students in the first and second waves of COVID-19, to compare these levels with that of the general population as well as to identify the risk factors associated with the changes in mental health. A total of 2,025 university students in core psychology courses in all years of study at the Faculty of Education at Palacký University Olomouc were approached via e-mail. Of this number of students, 800 students took part in the study, divided into two groups from the spring (N = 438) and autumn (N = 362) pandemic waves. The data were collected online via Google Forms using a battery of questionnaires and analyzed using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test, One-Sample Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test and binary logistic regression. The results showed a high prevalence of depressive symptoms (38.4 and 51.4%), significant anxiety (43.8 and 37%), and high stress (19.9 and 22.9%) among students in both waves of the pandemic. Depression and stress also increased significantly during the second wave compared with the first one (r = 0.18 [0.12, 0.25] and r = 0.08 [0.01, 0.14]). Finally, university students showed significantly higher levels of mental distress than the general population in all of the variables and in both waves (r = 0.42-0.86). A variety of factors influenced different aspects of mental distress in the spring and autumn pandemic waves. Emotion regulation emerged as the most significant and pervasive factor, both influencing all of the three indicators of mental distress and being a significant predictor in both waves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Křeménková
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Jan Sebastian Novotný
- Translational Neuroscience and Aging Program, Centre for Translational Medicine, International Clinical Research Centre, St. Anne's University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Jana Kvintová
- Department of Psychology and Abnormal Psychology, Faculty of Education, Palacký University Olomouc, Olomouc, Czechia
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Kim J, Rim SJ, Jo M, Lee MG, Park S. The Trend of Psychiatric Visits and Psychiatric Medication Prescription Among People Tested for SARS-CoV-2 During the Initial Phase of COVID-19 Pandemic in South Korea. Psychiatry Investig 2022; 19:61-71. [PMID: 35086193 PMCID: PMC8795598 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to monitor the trend of psychiatric visits and medication prescriptions among people tested for SARS-CoV-2 during the initial phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in South Korea. METHODS We conducted a population-based cohort study using data from the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) linked to the Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency (KDCA) data. The overall trend of psychiatric visits during COVID-19 for each month was compared to the month prior to COVID-19. The number of psychiatric medication prescription records was monitored from January 2019 to May 2020. RESULTS A total of 212,678 individuals were tested for SARS-CoV-2 between January 2020 and May 2020. Among these individuals, 72.1% (n=153,309) did not have pre-existing mental illness, and 27.9% (n=59,369) had pre-existing mental illness. We found that most psychiatric visits were made in March, and patients without pre-existing mental illness significantly increased in psychiatric outpatients during the COVID-19 pandemic (p trend<0.001). In addition, psychiatric medication prescriptions were the most prescribed between March and April 2020. CONCLUSION We identified a rising trend in psychiatric visits and medication prescriptions among people who were tested for SARSCoV-2 during the initial phase of COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Kim
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jung Rim
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Minkyung Jo
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Geu Lee
- Department of Research Planning, Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Subin Park
- Mental Health Research Institute, National Center for Mental Health, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kalb LG, Holingue C, Stapp EK, Eck KV, Thrul J. Trends and Geographic Availability of Emergency Psychiatric Walk-In and Crisis Services in the United States. Psychiatr Serv 2022; 73:26-31. [PMID: 34126779 PMCID: PMC8671549 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.202000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Serious mental illness places a considerable burden on the mental health service system in the United States. To date, no research has examined the availability of psychiatric emergency walk-in and crisis services. The goal of this study was to examine temporal trends, geographic variation, and characteristics of psychiatric facilities that provide emergency psychiatric walk-in and crisis services across the United States. METHODS The authors used cross-sectional, annually collected data covering the 2014-2018 period from the National Mental Health Services Survey (N-MHSS), a representative survey of both public and private mental health treatment facilities in the United States. RESULTS Overall, 42.6% of all U.S. mental health facilities did not offer any mental health crisis services between 2014 and 2018. A third of all facilities (33.5%) offered emergency psychiatric walk-in services, and just under one-half (48.3%) provided crisis services. When examining population-adjusted estimates, the authors noted a 15.8% (1.52-1.28 per 100,000 U.S. adults) and 7.5% (2.01-1.86 per 100,000 U.S. adults) decrease in walk-in and crisis services, respectively, from 2014 to 2018. Large geographic variation in service availability was also observed. CONCLUSION A large proportion of psychiatric facilities in the United States do not provide psychiatric walk-in or crisis services. Availability of these services either has stayed flat or is declining. Disparities, particularly around U.S. borders and coasts, suggest policy efforts would be valuable for ensuring equitable service availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luther G. Kalb
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Calliope Holingue
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emma K. Stapp
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathryn Van Eck
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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85
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García MJ, López-Morales H, del-Valle MV, Canet-Juric L, Urquijo S. COVID-19 in Lifespan: Psychological Impact between Young and Older Adults in Argentina. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2022. [PMCID: PMC9774059 DOI: 10.1134/s2079057022040075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has had a serious and worldwide impact. The increase in psychopathological symptomatology has affected people regardless of their age but has been observed mainly in the elderly population due to the characteristics of the virus. This study aimed to analyze and compare the psychological impact, as measured by the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, in a group of young and older adults at three-time points during the pandemic. Virtual surveys were used to measure participants’ symptomatology and collect socio-demographic information. The results showed a significant increase in anxiety and depression in the general population. However, when comparing the two groups, statistical differences were observed. Younger adults showed higher mean anxiety and depression than older adults, which was sustained across the three times for both groups. Nevertheless, the increase in depressive symptomatology slows in young people between the second and third waves, while it continues to increase in older adults. Those results are a contribution to the study of individual differences in the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. J. García
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT UNMdP-CONICET), Funes 3250, Cuerpo V, Nivel III, (7600) Mar del Plata, B7602AYJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H. López-Morales
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT UNMdP-CONICET), Funes 3250, Cuerpo V, Nivel III, (7600) Mar del Plata, B7602AYJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M. V. del-Valle
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT UNMdP-CONICET), Funes 3250, Cuerpo V, Nivel III, (7600) Mar del Plata, B7602AYJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - L. Canet-Juric
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT UNMdP-CONICET), Funes 3250, Cuerpo V, Nivel III, (7600) Mar del Plata, B7602AYJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Urquijo
- Instituto de Psicología Básica Aplicada y Tecnología (IPSIBAT UNMdP-CONICET), Funes 3250, Cuerpo V, Nivel III, (7600) Mar del Plata, B7602AYJ Buenos Aires, Argentina
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86
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Burch AE, Jacobs M. COVID-19, Police Violence, and Educational Disruption: The Differential Experience of Anxiety for Racial and Ethnic Households. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022; 9:2533-2550. [PMID: 34851507 PMCID: PMC8635085 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-021-01188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The threat of a deadly pandemic, racial tension, recessionary economic circumstances, and educational disruption likely contributed to the heightened anxiety felt by many Americans in 2020. This study examines the differential anxiety experienced by Black, White, and Hispanic households with and without children during 2020. METHOD Data from the Census Bureau's Household Pulse Survey detailing the frequency of anxiety among a nationally representative sample of adults from April 23 to December 21, 2020, was coupled with Centers for Disease Control and Prevention records of COVID-19 diagnoses and state-level police killings. Multinomial logistic regression assessed the relative contribution of COVID-19 deaths, police violence, unemployment, fear of unemployment, change in educational delivery, and geographic location to anxiety among racial/ethnic cohorts with and without children. RESULTS Anxiety frequency increased over the sample for all groups. However, White anxiety was highly responsive to state-level COVID-19 fatalities, while Black anxiety was highly correlated with police violence. Households with children showed higher levels of anxiety during nontraditional educational delivery, whereas both households with and without children experienced high levels of fear regarding employment uncertainty and poverty. CONCLUSIONS Experiences in 2020 impacted all groups differently, but each showed a high frequency of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley E. Burch
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Health Services and Information Management, East Carolina University, 4340N Health Sciences Building, Greenville, NC 27858 USA
| | - Molly Jacobs
- grid.255364.30000 0001 2191 0423Department of Health Services and Information Management, East Carolina University, 4340N Health Sciences Building, Greenville, NC 27858 USA
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87
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Gjoneska B, Potenza MN, Jones J, Corazza O, Hall N, Sales CMD, Grünblatt E, Martinotti G, Burkauskas J, Werling AM, Walitza S, Zohar J, Menchón JM, Király O, Chamberlain SR, Fineberg NA, Demetrovics Z. Problematic use of the internet during the COVID-19 pandemic: Good practices and mental health recommendations. Compr Psychiatry 2022; 112:152279. [PMID: 34700188 PMCID: PMC8529894 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2021.152279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and the accelerated spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus came jurisdictional limitations on mobility of citizens and distinct alterations in their daily routines. Confined to their homes, many people increased their overall internet use, with problematic use of the internet (PUI) becoming a potential reason for increased mental health concerns. Our narrative review summarizes information on the extent of PUI during the pandemic, by focusing on three types: online gaming, gambling and pornography viewing. We conclude by providing guidance for mental health professionals and those affected by PUI (with an outline of immediate research priorities and best therapeutic approaches), as well as for the general public (with an overview of safe and preventative practices).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry and Child Study Centre, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Centre, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA.
| | - Julia Jones
- Centre for Research in Public Health and Community Care, University of Hertfordshire, UK.
| | - Ornella Corazza
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy.
| | - Natalie Hall
- Centre for Health Services and Clinical Research, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
| | - Célia M D Sales
- Centre for Psychology, University of Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Portugal.
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Giovanni Martinotti
- Department of Clinical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, Clinical Sciences, University "Gabriele d'Annunzio", Chieti-Pescara, Italy.
| | - Julius Burkauskas
- Laboratory of Behavioral Medicine, Neuroscience Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Palanga, Lithuania.
| | - Anna Maria Werling
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Joseph Zohar
- Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Chaim Sheba Medical Center Tel Hashomer, Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - José M Menchón
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital-IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Cibersam, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Orsolya Király
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Samuel R Chamberlain
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK; Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Naomi A Fineberg
- University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK; Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, UK; University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Zsolt Demetrovics
- Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Centre of Excellence in Responsible Gaming, University of Gibraltar, Gibraltar.
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88
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Khubchandani J, Price JH, Sharma S, Wiblishauser MJ, Webb FJ. COVID-19 pandemic and weight gain in American adults: A nationwide population-based study. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2022; 16:102392. [PMID: 35030452 PMCID: PMC8743853 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has affected the lives of people in many ways. However, little is known about weight gain in American adults during the pandemic. AIMS AND METHODS The purpose of this study was to conduct a national assessment of weight gain in adult Americans after the first year of the pandemic. An online questionnaire was employed to explore perceptions of adults regarding pandemic weight gain and the relationship between weight gain and sociodemographic characteristics, pre-pandemic weight status, and psychological distress. Multiple methods were used to assess the psychometric properties of the questionnaire (i.e., face validity, content validity, and internal consistency reliability testing). Chi-Square tests and logistic regression analysis were used to assess group differences and predictors of weight gain in the study participants. RESULTS A total of 3,473 individuals participated in the study with weight changes distributed as: gained weight (48%), remained the same weight (34%), or lost weight (18%). Those who reported being very overweight before the pandemic were most likely to gain weight (65%) versus those who reported being slightly overweight (58%) or normal weight (40%) before the pandemic. Weight gain was statistically significantly higher in those with anxiety (53%), depression (52%), or symptoms of both (52%). The final multiple regression model found that the statistically significant predictors of pandemic weight gain were psychological distress, pre-pandemic weight status, having children at home; and time since last bodyweight check. CONCLUSIONS Population health promotion strategies in the pandemic should emphasize stress reduction to help individuals manage body weight and avoid chronic diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Fern J Webb
- University of Florida College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, 32209, USA
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89
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Mayer B, Arora M, Helm S, Barnett M. Essential but Ill-Prepared: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affects the Mental Health of the Grocery Store Workforce. Public Health Rep 2022; 137:120-127. [PMID: 34524904 PMCID: PMC8721764 DOI: 10.1177/00333549211045817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Frontline essential workers face elevated risks of exposure to COVID-19 because of the interactive nature of their jobs, which require high levels of interaction with the general public and coworkers. The impact of these elevated risks on the mental health of essential workers, especially outside the health care sector, is not well studied. To address this knowledge gap, we examined correlations between perceptions of workplace risks and mental health distress among grocery store workers in Arizona. METHODS We collected the first statewide sample of essential workers outside the health care sector focused on mental health and well-being. A total of 3344 grocery store workers in Arizona completed an online survey in July 2020. We used multiple regression models to identify demographic and work-based correlates of mental health distress. RESULTS Levels of mental health distress among respondents were high: 557 of 3169 (17.6%) reported severe levels and 482 of 3168 (15.2%) reported moderate levels. Perceptions of workplace safety were strongly correlated with significantly reduced levels of mental health distress (ß = -1.44; SE = 0.20) and reduced perceived stress (ß = -0.97; SE = 0.16). Financially disadvantaged workers and employees aged <55 reported high levels of mental health distress. Perceptions of safety and protection in the workplace were significantly correlated with availability of safety trainings, social distancing, and policies governing customer behaviors. CONCLUSIONS Lacking sufficient workplace protections, grocery store employees in Arizona experienced high levels of mental health distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Providing clear federal and state policies to employers to guide implementation of workplace protections may help reduce sources of mental health distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Mayer
- School of Sociology, College of Social and Behavioral Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mona Arora
- Community, Environment, and Policy, Mel & Enid Zuckerman College of Public Health, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sabrina Helm
- Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Melissa Barnett
- Norton School of Family and Consumer Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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90
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Shirzad F, Shati M, Mortazavi SS, Gholamzad S, Ahmadkaraji S, Pazhooyan M, Saeedi N, Hashemi R, Shirdel S, Salehi M. Outpatient psychiatric service utilization during the Covid-19 pandemic. MIDDLE EAST CURRENT PSYCHIATRY 2022; 29:75. [PMCID: PMC9527090 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-022-00234-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Results Conclusions
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Affiliation(s)
- Fateme Shirzad
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Department of Psychiatry, Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Shati
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Mental Health Research Center, Psychosocial Health Research Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyede Salehe Mortazavi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Geriatric Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shakiba Gholamzad
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Student Research Committee, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrzad Ahmadkaraji
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Student Research Committee, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdie Pazhooyan
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Student Research Committee, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Narges Saeedi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Student Research Committee, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rana Hashemi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Student Research Committee, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shirdel
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066Mental Health Research Center, School of Behavioral Sciences and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salehi
- grid.411746.10000 0004 4911 7066School of Behavioral Science and Mental Health (Tehran Institute of Psychiatry), Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Morgan K, Heeb R, Walker K, Tucker S, Hollingsworth H. Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Psychosocial Health of Persons With Spinal Cord Injury: Investigation of Experiences and Needed Resources. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2022; 28:185-195. [PMID: 35521054 PMCID: PMC9009202 DOI: 10.46292/sci21-00060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Emerging evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by increased rates of depression and social isolation. However, we do not yet understand how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected the psychosocial health of people with spinal cord injury (PwSCI), a population that is already at risk of experiencing mental health conditions. Objectives The aims of the study were to (1) examine the impact of the pandemic on the psychosocial health of PwSCI and (2) investigate the experiences of PwSCI and resources they reported needing during the peak of the pandemic. Methods A cross-sectional survey with closed- and open-ended questions was administered to 51 PwSCI. Participants were included if they had an SCI, were 18 years or older, lived in St. Louis, Missouri, and surrounding areas, and understood English. Results Canonical correlation showed a significant association between financial security, food insecurity, and personal assistance service use and adverse psychosocial health outcomes (p < .001). Participants reported interest in resources related to COVID-19 precautions for wheelchair users as well as home exercise programming and financial assistance with utilities. Finally, qualitative analysis revealed four major themes: (1) mental health during the pandemic, (2) financial concerns and reduced access to personal assistance services, (3) feelings of social isolation prior to the pandemic, and (4) local and national authorities' handling of the pandemic. Conclusion PwSCI are impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and reported a variety of resource needs. These findings may inform service providers, support systems, and organizations to better support PwSCI during times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri Morgan
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Rachel Heeb
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kim Walker
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Sue Tucker
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Holly Hollingsworth
- Program in Occupational Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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92
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Tigershtrom A, Boyraz G. Engagement in Meaningful Activities and Psychological Distress During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JOURNAL OF LOSS & TRAUMA 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15325024.2021.2016140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Güler Boyraz
- Department of Psychology, Pace University, New York, NY, USA
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93
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Barr-Anderson DJ, Hazzard VM, Hahn SL, Folk AL, Wagner BE, Neumark-Sztainer D. Stay-at-Home Orders during COVID-19: The Influence on Physical Activity and Recreational Screen Time Change among Diverse Emerging Adults and Future Implications for Health Promotion and the Prevention of Widening Health Disparities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:13228. [PMID: 34948833 PMCID: PMC8701160 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182413228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to examine changes in physical activity (PA) and recreational screen time (RST) behaviors from pre-COVID-19 in 2018 to Spring 2020 during the mandatory stay-at-home order in an ethnically/racially, socioeconomically diverse sample of emerging adults. METHODS Longitudinal data were analyzed from 218 participants (Mage = 24.6 ± 2.0 years) who completed two surveys: EAT 2018 (Eating and Activity over Time) and C-EAT in 2020 (during COVID-19). Repeated ANCOVAs and multiple linear regression models were conducted. RESULTS Moderate-to-vigorous and total PA decreased (4.7 ± 0.3 to 3.5 ± 0.3 h/week [p < 0.001] and 7.9 ± 0.4 to 5.8 ± 0.4 h/week [p < 0.001], respectively), and RST increased from 26.5 ± 0.9 to 29.4 ± 0.8 h/week (p = 0.003). Perceived lack of neighborhood safety, ethnic/racial minoritized identities, and low socioeconomic status were significant predictors of lower PA and higher RST during COVID-19. For example, low SES was associated with 4.04 fewer hours of total PA compared to high SES (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Stay-at-home policies may have significantly influenced PA and RST levels in emerging adults with pre-existing disparities exacerbated during this mandatory period of sheltering-in-place. This suggests that the pandemic may have played a role in introducing or magnifying these disparities. Post-pandemic interventions will be needed to reverse trends in PA and RST, with a focus on improving neighborhood safety and meeting the needs of low socioeconomic and ethnic/racial minoritized groups.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivienne M Hazzard
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Samantha L Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Amanda L Folk
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Brooke E Wagner
- School of Kinesiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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94
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Długosz P. Factors influencing mental health among American youth in the time of the Covid-19 pandemic. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2021; 175:110711. [PMID: 34848905 PMCID: PMC8613707 DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.110711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The article aims to show the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on mental health of American youth. It also aims to identify factors that have an impact on the mental health maintenance of young Americans. The conducted analyses are an attempt at explaining the influence of high psycho-social stress on the mental health of young people. Methods Secondary data from representative research conducted among the inhabitants of the United States of America on the sample of 10,139 respondents has been used in the analysis. The data is derived from the Pew Research Center, American Trends Panel. Results The data analysis indicates that among all the age categories the highest levels of mental discomfort have been observed among the youngest Americans aged 18–29. The majority of respondents experienced anxiety and depression. The results of analyses of the youngest respondents (sample n = 1083) have shown that there are a few factors which have impact on mental health of the young generation. Males, people living in relationships, practising religion more often, having a better financial situation, conservative beliefs and being devoid of citizenship had a better mental condition. Owned social, economic and cultural resources protect young Americans against the Covid-19 pandemic. Conclusions The conducted research confirms the hypothesis that younger generations struggle hard to cope with the Covid-19 pandemic and related difficulties. Due to the conducted analyses, the variables responsible for the deterioration of mental health in younger generations may be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Długosz
- Pedagogical University of Krakow, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Philosophy and Sociology, ul. Podchorążych 2, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
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95
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Goldmann E, Hagen D, Khoury EE, Owens M, Misra S, Thrul J. An examination of racial and ethnic disparities in mental health during the Covid-19 pandemic in the U.S. South. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:471-478. [PMID: 34507228 PMCID: PMC8424176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mental health of racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States may be disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic due to greater experience of peri-pandemic stressors. Yet, few studies have systematically examined racial/ethnic differences in mental health outcomes in this context. METHODS Data came from the COVID-19 Southern Cities Study, a probability-based, cross-sectional study conducted in May/June 2020 among adults living in the metropolitan statistical areas of Atlanta, Austin, Dallas, Houston, and New Orleans. Unadjusted and adjusted associations between racial/ethnic identity and past-week depression and/or anxiety symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-2 score ≥ 3 or Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 score ≥ 3), trouble sleeping, physical reactions when thinking about COVID-19, and self-rated worsened mental health due to the pandemic were estimated in separate logistic regression models. RESULTS Over 30% of respondents reported depression and/or anxiety symptoms, 21% reported physical reactions, 25% had trouble sleeping, and 33% worsened mental health since the pandemic began. Adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related characteristics and pandemic-related stressors, odds of anxiety symptoms (odds ratio (OR) 0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.30-0.95) and worsened mental health (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.36-0.94) were lower among non-Hispanic Black vs. non-Hispanic white respondents. LIMITATIONS No diagnostic assessments were used, and results may not be generalizable to later phases of the pandemic and the entire U.S. South. CONCLUSIONS Despite greater pandemic-related stressor experience, poor mental health outcomes were not more common among racial/ethnic minority individuals. However, interventions to reduce disparities in stressor experience and promote mental health are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Goldmann
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Daniel Hagen
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Estelle El Khoury
- Department of Epidemiology, New York University School of Global Public Health, 708 Broadway, 7th Floor, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Mark Owens
- Department of Political Science, College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Supriya Misra
- Department of Public Health, College of Health and Social Sciences, San Francisco State University, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Johannes Thrul
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD, USA,Centre for Alcohol Policy Research, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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96
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Brülhart M, Klotzbücher V, Lalive R, Reich SK. Mental health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic as revealed by helpline calls. Nature 2021; 600:121-126. [PMID: 34789873 PMCID: PMC9973557 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04099-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Mental health is an important component of public health, especially in times of crisis. However, monitoring public mental health is difficult because data are often patchy and low-frequency1-3. Here we complement established approaches by using data from helplines, which offer a real-time measure of 'revealed' distress and mental health concerns across a range of topics4-9. We collected data on 8 million calls from 19 countries, focusing on the COVID-19 crisis. Call volumes peaked six weeks after the initial outbreak, at 35% above pre-pandemic levels. The increase was driven mainly by fear (including fear of infection), loneliness and, later in the pandemic, concerns about physical health. Relationship issues, economic problems, violence and suicidal ideation, however, were less prevalent than before the pandemic. This pattern was apparent both during the first wave and during subsequent COVID-19 waves. Issues linked directly to the pandemic therefore seem to have replaced rather than exacerbated underlying anxieties. Conditional on infection rates, suicide-related calls increased when containment policies became more stringent and decreased when income support was extended. This implies that financial relief can allay the distress triggered by lockdown measures and illustrates the insights that can be gleaned from the statistical analysis of helpline data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Brülhart
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland. .,Centre for Economic Policy Research, London, UK.
| | | | - Rafael Lalive
- University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland,CEPR, London, United Kingdom
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97
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Caston NE, Lawhon VM, Smith KL, Gallagher K, Angove R, Anderson E, Balch A, Azuero A, Huang CHS, Rocque GB. Examining the association among fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, and delays in cancer care. Cancer Med 2021; 10:8854-8865. [PMID: 34845860 PMCID: PMC8683527 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Given the high risk of COVID‐19 mortality, patients with cancer may be vulnerable to fear of COVID‐19, adverse psychological outcomes, and health care delays. Methods This longitudinal study surveyed the pandemic's impact on patients with cancer (N= 1529) receiving Patient Advocate Foundation services during early and later pandemic. Generalized estimating equation with repeated measures was conducted to assess the effect of COVID‐19 on psychological distress. Logistic regression with repeated measures was used to assess the effect of COVID‐19 on any delays in accessing health care (e.g., specialty care doctors, laboratory, or diagnostic testing, etc.). Results Among 1199 respondents, 94% considered themselves high risk for COVID‐19. Respondents with more fear of COVID‐19 had a higher mean psychological distress score (10.21; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 9.38–11.03) compared to respondents with less fear (7.55; 95% CI 6.75–8.36). Additionally, 47% reported delaying care. Respondents with more fear of COVID‐19 had higher percentages of delayed care than those with less (56; 95% CI 39%–72% vs. 44%; 95% CI 28%–61%). These relationships persisted throughout the pandemic. For respondents with a COVID‐19 diagnosis in their household (n = 116), distress scores were similar despite higher delays in care (58% vs. 27%) than those without COVID‐19. Conclusions Fear of COVID‐19 is linked to psychological distress and delays in care among patients with cancer. Furthermore, those who are personally impacted see exacerbated cancer care delays. Timely psychosocial support and health care coordination are critical to meet increased care needs of patients with cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Caston
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Valerie M Lawhon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen Lisa Smith
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | - Alan Balch
- Patient Advocate Foundation, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Andres Azuero
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Chao-Hui Sylvia Huang
- Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Gabrielle B Rocque
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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98
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Langlieb AM, Langlieb ME, Xiong W. EAP 2.0: reimagining the role of the employee assistance program in the new workplace. Int Rev Psychiatry 2021; 33:699-710. [PMID: 35412422 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2021.2013172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Mental illness is a highly prevalent problem that affects millions of individuals. Like many other previous natural disasters and terrorist attacks, the recent Covid-19 pandemic has placed an enormous stress on the world and its workforce. In many ways the pandemic revealed gaps in the quality and availability of mental health resources, and, by magnifying the intense demand, it also spurred innovation. Telemedicine and virtual trauma-related services became examples of ways in which evaluation, treatment and counselling services could be delivered directly and efficiently to people who were confined to their dwellings and hospital beds. For many, the workplace has been a source of stress but also a vital component of one's self-worth, day-to-day purpose, and a resource for wellness programs and brief counselling services, not to mention, at least in many countries like the United States, a source for health insurance. The employee assistance program (EAP) is an example of a workplace-counselling and triage service that has enormous potential to meet the growing needs of individuals both in 'normal' times and during disasters. By better understanding the EAP's current structure alongside the advent of new technologies, it may be possible to develop a new and improved EAP model to meet a changing global landscape. For EAP to succeed and ultimately be scalable in an increasingly competitive and value-conscious marketplace, its processes of care will first require a bottom-up review with meaningful outcomes data. This will be necessary to drive continuous quality improvement and to demonstrate EAP 2.0's value to both employer and employee alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Langlieb
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.,Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Willa Xiong
- Department of Psychiatry, Georgetown University School of Medicine, Washington, DC, USA.,Medstar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
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99
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Roberts LR, Solomon S, Renati SJ, Montgomery S. Exploring Mental Health during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown in Mumbai: Serendipity for Some Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:12542. [PMID: 34886267 PMCID: PMC8656519 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: This study explored how low-income women already distressed by reproductive challenges were affected during the initial lockdown conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic in Mumbai, India. Methods: Women with reproductive challenges and living in established slums participated in a longitudinal mixed-methods study comparing their mental health over time, at pre-COVID-19 and at one and four-months into India's COVID-19 lockdown. Results: Participants (n = 98) who presented with elevated mental health symptoms at baseline had significantly reduced symptoms during the initial lockdown. Improvements were associated with income, socioeconomic status, perceived stress, social support, coping strategies, and life satisfaction. Life satisfaction explained 37% of the variance in mental health change, which was qualitatively linked with greater family time (social support) and less worry about necessities, which were subsidized by the government. Conclusions: As the pandemic continues and government support wanes, original mental health issues are likely to resurface and possibly worsen, if unaddressed. Our research points to the health benefits experienced by the poor in India when basic needs are at least partially met with government assistance. Moreover, our findings point to the critical role of social support for women suffering reproductive challenges, who often grieve alone. Future interventions to serve these women should take this into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa R. Roberts
- School of Nursing, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Shreeletha Solomon
- Department of Psychology, Martin Luther Christian University, Shillong 793006, Meghalaya, India;
| | - Solomon J. Renati
- Department of Psychology, Veer Wajekar Arts Science and Commerce College, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400032, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Susanne Montgomery
- School of Behavioral Health, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA;
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100
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Structural Barriers Associated with the Intersection of Traumatic Stress and Gun Violence: A Case Example of New Orleans. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9121645. [PMID: 34946370 PMCID: PMC8701294 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9121645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gun violence drastically increased in urban cities following the ease of shutdown restrictions associated with the Coronavirus Pandemic. The association of gun violence and COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of taking a public health perspective, particularly as it relates to impacts on the Black community. In this article we discuss macro-level factors and community traumas in the city of New Orleans, an area that has had longstanding issues related to gun violence. Community structural issues, traumatic stress from disasters, and recommendations to address disparities in social determinants of health are discussed.
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