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Murray A, Ushakova A, Zhu X, Yang Y, Xiao Z, Brown R, Speyer L, Ribeaud D, Eisner M. Predicting Participation Willingness in Ecological Momentary Assessment of General Population Health and Behavior: Machine Learning Study. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e41412. [PMID: 37531181 PMCID: PMC10433031 DOI: 10.2196/41412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) is widely used in health research to capture individuals' experiences in the flow of daily life. The majority of EMA studies, however, rely on nonprobability sampling approaches, leaving open the possibility of nonrandom participation concerning the individual characteristics of interest in EMA research. Knowledge of the factors that predict participation in EMA research is required to evaluate this possibility and can also inform optimal recruitment strategies. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the extent to which being willing to participate in EMA research is related to respondent characteristics and to identify the most critical predictors of participation. METHODS We leveraged the availability of comprehensive data on a general young adult population pool of potential EMA participants and used and compared logistic regression, classification and regression trees, and random forest approaches to evaluate respondents' characteristic predictors of willingness to participate in the Decades-to-Minutes EMA study. RESULTS In unadjusted logistic regression models, gender, migration background, anxiety, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder symptoms, stress, and prosociality were significant predictors of participation willingness; in logistic regression models, mutually adjusting for all predictors, migration background, tobacco use, and social exclusion were significant predictors. Tree-based approaches also identified migration status, tobacco use, and prosociality as prominent predictors. However, overall, willingness to participate in the Decades-to-Minutes EMA study was only weakly predictable from respondent characteristics. Cross-validation areas under the curve for the best models were only in the range of 0.56 to 0.57. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that migration background is the single most promising target for improving EMA participation and sample representativeness; however, more research is needed to improve prediction of participation in EMA studies in health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aja Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Ushakova
- Centre for Health Informatics, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Xinxin Zhu
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Zhuoni Xiao
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Brown
- Clinical Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lydia Speyer
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Bertoletti A, Cannistrà M, Soncin M, Agasisti T. The heterogeneity of Covid-19 learning loss across Italian primary and middle schools. ECONOMICS OF EDUCATION REVIEW 2023; 95:None. [PMID: 37547887 PMCID: PMC10398678 DOI: 10.1016/j.econedurev.2023.102435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the heterogeneous impact of school closures during Covid-19 pandemic in Italy on academic performance across different schools, grades, subjects and groups of students. Our analysis utilises an innovative dataset that combines administrative data on standardised tests in grades 5 and 8 with a specifically-designed survey that collects information about teachers' practices between February and June 2020. Firstly, by employing a multilevel (mixed-effects) model, we estimate the extent of learning loss and examine its variability across schools, for students in primary and middle levels during the school year 2020/21. The findings confirm that learning loss has been considerable (between 0.05 and 0.27 SD) although heterogeneity across disciplines and grades exists - higher in English in grade 5, and in mathematics and reading in grade 8. Secondly, as a main contribution of the paper, we explore the mechanisms behind the substantial differences observed across schools, which can be explained by the ability of teachers in using digital tools and evaluating their students, as well as by the leadership role exerted by school principals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Cannistrà
- School of Management, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20156, Italy
| | - Mara Soncin
- School of Management, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20156, Italy
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Graupensperger S, Walukevich-Dienst K, Patrick ME, Lee CM. The Protective Role of Perceived Control on Associations Between Job Loss, Financial Difficulties, and Substance Use Among Young Adults Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2023; 24:1239-1248. [PMID: 37355479 PMCID: PMC10789195 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-023-01565-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Adverse life events that threaten normative transitions are associated with increased alcohol and cannabis use among young adults. However, few studies have tested the extent to which specific negative events impact substance use behaviors nor identified relevant risk or protective factors (e.g., perceived control). During the COVID-19 pandemic, young adults experienced economic adversities (i.e., job loss and financial strain) at disproportionally high rates. This provided a unique opportunity to test associations between job loss/financial difficulties and substance use outcomes and whether perceived control in work and finance domains moderated these associations. Young adults completed self-report surveys at two time points-prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2020) and in the acute phase of the pandemic (April/May 2020). Participants (N = 519; Mage = 25.4 years; 62.8% female) were recruited in and around Seattle, WA, as part of an ongoing longitudinal cohort study. Pandemic-related job loss (18.9%) and financial difficulty (49.7%) were relatively common in this sample. Job loss was associated with increased number of drinks on the heaviest past-month drinking occasion (from January 2020 to April/May 2020). Financial difficulty was associated with increased drinking frequency and number of drinks on the heaviest drinking occasion. The effect of job loss and financial difficulty on alcohol and cannabis use was generally moderated by participants' perceived control of these domains. For those with low perceived control, job loss/financial difficulty was associated with increased alcohol/cannabis use, but for those high in perceived control, job loss/financial difficulty was associated with decreased alcohol use frequency. Findings give advance understanding of how economic adversities relate to young adults' alcohol and cannabis use. Notably, perceived control over these domains may be modifiable through prevention efforts aiming to foster self-efficacy among young people and policy to provide available agency to those in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott Graupensperger
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | | | - Megan E Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christine M Lee
- Dept. of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Pan N, Qin K, Yu Y, Long Y, Zhang X, He M, Suo X, Zhang S, Sweeney JA, Wang S, Gong Q. Pre-COVID brain functional connectome features prospectively predict emergence of distress symptoms after onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Med 2023; 53:5155-5166. [PMID: 36046918 PMCID: PMC9433719 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722002173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent psychological distress associated with the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been well documented. This study aimed to identify pre-COVID brain functional connectome that predicts pandemic-related distress symptoms among young adults. METHODS Baseline neuroimaging studies and assessment of general distress using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale were performed with 100 healthy individuals prior to wide recognition of the health risks associated with the emergence of COVID-19. They were recontacted for the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist in the period of community-level outbreaks, and for follow-up distress evaluation again 1 year later. We employed the network-based statistic approach to identify connectome that predicted the increase of distress based on 136-region-parcellation with assigned network membership. Predictive performance of connectome features and causal relations were examined by cross-validation and mediation analyses. RESULTS The connectome features that predicted emergence of distress after COVID contained 70 neural connections. Most within-network connections were located in the default mode network (DMN), and affective network-DMN and dorsal attention network-DMN links largely constituted between-network pairs. The hippocampus emerged as the most critical hub region. Predictive models of the connectome remained robust in cross-validation. Mediation analyses demonstrated that COVID-related posttraumatic stress partially explained the correlation of connectome to the development of general distress. CONCLUSIONS Brain functional connectome may fingerprint individuals with vulnerability to psychological distress associated with the COVID pandemic. Individuals with brain neuromarkers may benefit from the corresponding interventions to reduce the risk or severity of distress related to fear of COVID-related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanfang Pan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Kun Qin
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Yifan Yu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Long
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Min He
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueling Suo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shufang Zhang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - John A. Sweeney
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Song Wang
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Research Unit of Psychoradiology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Functional & Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Radiology, West China Xiamen Hospital of Sichuan University, Xiamen, 361000, China
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Pugi D, Angelo NL, Ragucci F, Garcia-Hernandez MD, Rosa-Alcázar AI, Pozza A. Longitudinal Course of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review of Three Years of Prospective Cohort Studies. CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHIATRY 2023; 20:293-308. [PMID: 37791089 PMCID: PMC10544256 DOI: 10.36131/cnfioritieditore20230409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective During the pandemic, there has been a slight increase in obsessive-compulsive symptoms in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Three years after the pandemic, we conducted the first systematic review of prospective cohort studies assessing temporal changes in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and their extent in both patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and community samples, regardless of age or socio-cultural background, during any phase of the pandemic. Method Prospective cohort studies were included if validated self-report questionnaires or standardized interviews for obsessive-compulsive symptoms were used. Studies that enrolled OCD patients were included if OCD was diagnosed before the outbreak of the pandemic. The following were our exclusion criteria: cross-sectional and case-control studies, single case studies, editorials, commentaries, and reviews. Studies assessing the effectiveness of an intervention were excluded. Results 15 studies were included. Overall, studies showed a small upsurge in obsessive-compulsive symptoms, especially washing/contamination symptoms, during the coronavirus outbreak. The severity of symptoms seemed to follow the pattern of restriction measures and the increase in the number of COVID-19 cases. Conclusions Factors contributing to the worsening of obsessive-compulsive symptoms during the pandemic were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Pugi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, viale Mario Bracci 16 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Nicole Loren Angelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, viale Mario Bracci 16 53100 Siena, Italy
| | | | - Maria Dolores Garcia-Hernandez
- Department Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Rosa-Alcázar
- Department Personality, Assessment and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Murcia, Espinardo Campus, 30100-Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, viale Mario Bracci 16 53100 Siena, Italy
- Department of Mental Health, Psychology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, viale Mario Bracci 16 53100 Siena, Italy
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Arterberry BJ, Parks MJ, Patrick ME. The moderating role of mental health on the association between COVID-related stress, isolation, and economic hardship and using substances to cope. Prev Med Rep 2023; 34:102229. [PMID: 37193220 PMCID: PMC10168196 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Since young adulthood is a vulnerable period for adverse mental health experiences and high-risk substance use, it is critical to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on young adult mental health and substance use behaviors. Therefore, we determined whether the relationship between COVID-related stressors and using substances to cope with COVID-related social distancing and isolation was moderated by depression and anxiety among young adults. Data were from the Monitoring the Future (MTF) Vaping Supplement (total N = 1244). Logistic regressions assessed the relations between COVID-related stressors, depression, anxiety, demographic characteristics, and interactions between depression/anxiety and COVID-related stressors with vaping more, drinking more, and using marijuana to cope with COVID-related social distancing and isolation. Greater COVID-related stress due to social distancing was associated with vaping more to cope among those with more depression symptoms and drinking more to cope among those with more symptoms of anxiety. Similarly, COVID-related economic hardships were associated with using marijuana to cope among those with more symptoms of depression. However, feeling less COVID-related isolation and social distancing stress was linked to vaping and drinking more to cope, respectively, among those with more symptoms of depression. These findings suggest that the most vulnerable young adults are seeking substances to cope with the pandemic, while potentially experiencing co-occurring depression and anxiety along with COVID-related stressors. Therefore, intervention programs to support young adults who are struggling with their mental health in the aftermath of the pandemic as they transition into adulthood are critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke J. Arterberry
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Michael J. Parks
- Butler Center for Research, Hazelden Betty Ford Foundation, Center City, MN, United States
- Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Megan E. Patrick
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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57
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Bain K, Hassem T, Bemath N, de Andrade V, Laher S. In the Wake of COVID-19: The Developmental and Mental Health Fallout Amongst South African University Students. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2023; 11:1055-1067. [PMID: 38603056 PMCID: PMC10290931 DOI: 10.1177/21676968231180960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Multiple studies have noted the impacts on student mental health of the COVID-19 pandemic, associated national lockdowns and emergency remote teaching. In light of COVID-19 shifting from pandemic to endemic status, this study investigates the developmental and mental health consequences of the pandemic for a group of South African undergraduate students. A qualitative design allowed for the thematic analysis of the narratives of 140 humanities students, gathered through an online survey. This paper presents the 'voices' of this group to convey the intensity of their COVID-19 experience. The results suggest a loss of a sense of freedom and opportunities to explore and experiment, high levels of depression with a notable sense of hopelessness regarding the future and decreased motivation, and significant reports of social anxiety related to delays in the development of social skills due to social isolation, particular to the first-year cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Bain
- School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Tasneem Hassem
- School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Nabeelah Bemath
- School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand
- School of Anatomical Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Victor de Andrade
- School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand
| | - Sumaya Laher
- School of Human and Community Development, University of the Witwatersrand
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Gallego Hiroyasu EM, Laje R, Nomura K, Spiousas I, Hayashi MJ, Yotsumoto Y. Longitudinal analysis of social isolation effects on finger tapping in the Blursday database. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11277. [PMID: 37438397 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38488-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Blursday database is a collection of data obtained online from a longitudinal study where participants were asked to participate in several behavioral tasks and questionnaires during the COVID-19 pandemic from their homes. In this study, we analyzed the published data to explore (1) the longitudinal changes in temporal cognition observed from the data collected in the home-based setting (2), the effects of the voluntary quarantine measures implemented in Japan on temporal cognition, (3) whether the participant's temporal cognition is altered by the change in their psychological state or their cognitive abilities, and (4) whether the effects of the quarantine measures depend on the age of the individual. Results show that confinement measures were good predictors for the performance in both spontaneous finger-tapping task and paced finger-tapping task, though these were dependent on the age of the participant. In addition, cognitive scores were good predictors of the performance in the paced finger-tapping task but not the spontaneous finger-tapping task. Overall, this study provides evidence suggesting changes in both psychological, cognitive, and temporal cognition during the pandemic on the Japanese population despite its voluntary measures to deal with the new situation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Laje
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Keishi Nomura
- Department of Integrated Educational Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ignacio Spiousas
- Department of Science and Technology, University of Quilmes, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Masamichi J Hayashi
- Center for Information and Neural Networks (CiNet), Advanced ICT Research Institute, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Suita, Japan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuko Yotsumoto
- Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Su YJ, Yu HT, Liu TY, Lu KH, Tu CC, Lin YC, Chen RC. Trends in suicide attempts and suicide deaths before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in New Taipei City, Taiwan: an interrupted time-series analysis. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4364-4372. [PMID: 35477437 PMCID: PMC10388328 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented global health crisis that may cause mental health problems and heighten suicide risk. We investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trends in suicide attempts and suicide deaths in New Taipei City, Taiwan. METHODS The current study used the official daily data on suicide attempts and deaths in New Taipei City, Taiwan (4 million inhabitants) between 2015 and 2020 from the Taiwan National Suicide Prevention Reporting System. Interrupted time-series (ITS) analyses with parameters corrected by the estimated autocorrelations were applied on weekly aggregated data to examine whether the suicide trends during the early COVID-19 pandemic (late January to July 2020) deviated from previous trends (January 2015 to late January 2020). The impact due to the suicide prevention policy change was also examined (since August 2020). RESULTS ITS analyses revealed no significant increases in both mean and trend on weekly suicide deaths during the COVID-19 pandemic and after the policy change. In contrast, there was a significant increasing trend in weekly suicide attempts since the COVID-19 outbreak at the rate of 1.54 attempts per week (95% confidence interval 0.49-2.60; p = 0.004). Sex difference analysis revealed that, however, this increasing trend was observed only in females not in males. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic has different impacts on suicides attempts and deaths during the early pandemic in New Taipei City, Taiwan. The COVID-19 outbreak drastically increased the trend of suicide attempts. In contrast, the number of suicide deaths had remained constant in the investigated periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jen Su
- Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiu-Ting Yu
- Department of Psychology, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Research Center for Mind, Brain & Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Liu
- Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Lu
- Department of Health, New Taipei City Government, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Chieh Tu
- Department of Health, New Taipei City Government, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Health, New Taipei City Government, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ran-Chou Chen
- Department of Health, New Taipei City Government, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Gniewosz G. Adolescent Loneliness and Negative Affect during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Extraversion and Neuroticism. J Youth Adolesc 2023:10.1007/s10964-023-01808-4. [PMID: 37389714 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01808-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic had varied but significant effects on the lives of adolescents. This study aimed to examine the effects of extraversion and neuroticism on changes in loneliness and negative affect among adolescents during the pandemic. Longitudinal data were collected in three waves from 673 German adolescents and young adults (Mage = 16.8 years, SDage = 0.91; female = 59%), affected by local lockdowns. The data collection was one time before (T1) and two times during the pandemic (T2, T3). Change score models were used to assess the relationship between loneliness and negative affect with consideration of extraversion and neuroticism. Results showed that pre-pandemic loneliness was predictive of changes in negative affect during the pandemic, with higher loneliness predicting increases in negative affect. Negative affect did not predict later loneliness. Extraverts showed an increase in negative affect over time, particularly between pre-pandemic measurement and the first phase of the pandemic. Higher neuroticism appeared to have increased vulnerability for negative affect during the pandemic, as a rise in negative affect were found among these adolescents throughout the course of the pandemic. In conclusion, the study highlights the significant impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of adolescents and suggests that managing the pandemic during this specific developmental period is a challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Gniewosz
- Department of Education, University Innsbruck/Department of Education, Liebeneggstraße 8, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Wong SM, Chen EY, Suen YN, Ho W, Chan SK, Lee EH, Chan KT, Lui SS, Wong MT, Hui CL. Increased psychological distress among young people before and during the fifth wave of COVID-19 after two years of pandemic in Hong Kong: a 6-month longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:433. [PMID: 37322448 PMCID: PMC10267546 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04933-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite over two years of COVID-19 worldwide, the outbreak of the Omicron variant has given rise to an unprecedented surge of infection with diverse lockdown measures implemented globally. Whether the emergence of a new wave of COVID-19 could further affect mental health in the population after nearly two years of the pandemic remains to be addressed. Furthermore, whether changes in smartphone overuse behaviours and physical activity - both of which are particularly relevant to young people - would together contribute to changes in distress symptoms during this wave of COVID-19 was also examined. METHODS A total of 248 young people from an ongoing household-based epidemiological study in Hong Kong who completed their baseline assessments prior to the Omicron variant outbreak, i.e., fifth wave of COVID-19 (July-November 2021), were invited for a 6-month follow-up study during this wave of infection (January-April 2022) (mean age = 19.7 years, SD = 2.7; 58.9% females). At both time points, levels of global distress symptoms, perceived stress, smartphone overuse, frequency of engagement in vigorous physical activity, and other potential risk and protective factors were assessed. RESULTS The proportion of young people presenting moderate-to-severe distress (6-item Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥ 5) significantly increased from 45.6 to 54.4% during the fifth wave of COVID-19 (p < 0.010). Significantly increased levels of smartphone overuse and reduced days of vigorous physical activity were also observed during the fifth wave. Notably, increased smartphone overuse and reduced physical activity both additively and interactively contributed to elevated distress at 6 months, even after accounting for demographic characteristics, psychiatric history, childhood adversity, as well as baseline distress symptoms, resilience, and recent personal stressors. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that the emergence of a new wave of COVID-19, specifically the Omicron outbreak, can further aggravate mental distress even after a protracted period of the pandemic. Awareness of the dynamic nature of COVID-19 is necessitated to address the pressing mental health needs of populations. Supporting young people in healthier patterns of smartphone use and physical activity can be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie My Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Eric Yh Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong.
| | - Y N Suen
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winky Ho
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sherry Kw Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Edwin Hm Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - K T Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Simon Sy Lui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Michael Th Wong
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Christy Lm Hui
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Subotic-Kerry M, Braund TA, Gallen D, Li SH, Parker BL, Achilles MR, Chakouch C, Baker S, Werner-Seidler A, O'Dea B. Examining the impact of a universal positive psychology program on mental health outcomes among Australian secondary students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:70. [PMID: 37308960 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the impact of a web-based positive psychology program delivered universally to secondary school students during school closures caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in New South Wales, Australia. METHODS Using a quasi-experimental design conducted in 2020, 438 students aged 12-15 years (73% male) from 4 secondary schools were invited to complete the 'Bite Back Mental Fitness Challenge'. This web-based program consisted of 7 self-directed modules that targeted 5 key domains of positive psychology. Self-reported symptoms of anxiety and depression and help-seeking intentions for mental health were assessed at baseline prior to school closures (February to March 2020) and at post-test after the return to school (July to August 2020). At post-test, students also reported on their perceived changes in mental health and help-seeking behavior for mental health during the pandemic. Completion of the program modules was recorded. RESULTS A total of 445 students consented and 336 (75.5%) completed both assessments. On average, participants completed 2.31 modules (SD: 2.38, range: 0 to 7). There was no change in symptoms of anxiety and depression or help-seeking intentions between baseline and post-test, with no significant effects for gender and history of mental illness. Students who were symptomatic for anxiety and depression at baseline reported lower symptoms at post-test, but this change was not significant. Ninety-seven students (27.5%) reported that their mental health had worsened during the pandemic, and a significant increase in anxiety and depressive symptoms was found in this subsample at post-test. Only 7.7% of students reported a change in their help-seeking behavior, with increased mental health support sought from the Internet, parents, and friends. CONCLUSIONS The universal delivery of a web-based positive psychology program during school closures did not appear to be associated with improved mental health symptoms; however, completion of the modules was low. Different effects may emerge when selectively delivered to students with mild or greater symptoms. The findings also suggest that broader measures of mental health and wellbeing, including perceived change, are key to the mental health surveillance of students during periods of remote learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjana Subotic-Kerry
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia.
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Taylor A Braund
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dervla Gallen
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Sophie H Li
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda L Parker
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Melinda R Achilles
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Cassandra Chakouch
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon Baker
- Orygen, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aliza Werner-Seidler
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bridianne O'Dea
- Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Hospital Road, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Chin J, Di Maio J, Weeraratne T, Kennedy KM, Oliver LK, Bouchard M, Malhotra D, Habashy J, Ding J, Bhopa S, Strommer S, Hardy-Johnson P, Barker M, Sloboda DM, McKerracher L. Resilience in adolescence during the COVID-19 crisis in Canada. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1097. [PMID: 37280549 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic constitutes a social crisis that will have long-term health consequences for much of the global population, especially for adolescents. Adolescents are triply affected as they: 1) are experiencing its immediate, direct effects, 2) will carry forward health habits they develop now into adulthood, and 3) as future parents, will shape the early life health of the next generation. It is therefore imperative to assess how the pandemic is influencing adolescent wellbeing, identify sources of resilience, and outline strategies for attenuating its negative impacts. METHODS We report the results of longitudinal analyses of qualitative data from 28 focus group discussions (FGDs) with 39 Canadian adolescents and of cross-sectional analyses of survey data from 482 Canadian adolescents gathered between September 2020 and August 2021. FGD participants and survey respondents reported on their: socio-demographic characteristics; mental health and wellbeing before and during the pandemic; pre- and during-pandemic health behaviours; experiences living through a crisis; current perceptions of their school, work, social, media, and governmental environments; and ideas about pandemic coping and mutual aid. We plotted themes emerging from FGDs along a pandemic timeline, noting socio-demographic variations. Following assessment for internal reliability and dimension reduction, quantitative health/wellbeing indicators were analyzed as functions of composite socio-demographic, health-behavioural, and health-environmental indicators. RESULTS Our mixed methods analyses indicate that adolescents faced considerable mental and physical health challenges due to the pandemic, and were generally in poorer health than expected in non-crisis times. Nevertheless, some participants showed significantly better outcomes than others, specifically those who: got more exercise; slept better; were food secure; had clearer routines; spent more time in nature, deep in-person social relationships, and leisure; and spent less time on social media. CONCLUSIONS Support for youth during times of crisis is essential to future population health because adolescence is a period in the life course which shapes the health behaviours, socio-economic capacities, and neurophysiology of these future parents/carers and leaders. Efforts to promote resilience in adolescents should leverage the factors identified above: helping them find structure and senses of purpose through strong social connections, well-supported work and leisure environments, and opportunities to engage with nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 4H30A, HamiltonHamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - J Di Maio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 4H30A, HamiltonHamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - T Weeraratne
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - K M Kennedy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 4H30A, HamiltonHamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - L K Oliver
- Werklund School of Education, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - M Bouchard
- Department of Epidemiology, and Occupational Health, McGill University, BiostatisticsMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - D Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Habashy
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J Ding
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Bhopa
- Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - S Strommer
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - P Hardy-Johnson
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- Primary Care Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - M Barker
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - D M Sloboda
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, HSC 4H30A, HamiltonHamilton, ON, L8S 4K1, Canada.
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
| | - L McKerracher
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus Institute for Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 6B, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Margherita G, Caffieri A. An observatory on changes in dreaming during a pandemic: a living systematic review (part 1). J Sleep Res 2023; 32:e13742. [PMID: 36320190 PMCID: PMC9877779 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
A 'new' way of dreaming has emerged during the pandemic, enhancing the interest of psychological literature. Indeed, during the years of the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many studies have investigated dream-related phenomena and dreaming functions. Considering the constant and rapid emergence of new results on this topic, the main aim of this study was to create an 'observatory' on the short- and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on dreaming, by means of a living systematic review. The baseline results are presented, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guidelines, to identify and discuss existing studies about dreams and dreaming during the COVID-19 pandemic published until February 2022. Web of Science, Embase, EBSCO, and PubMed were used for the search strategy, yielding 71 eligible papers included in the review. Our results show: (a) a more intense oneiric activity during lockdown; (b) changes in dreaming components (especially dream-recall and nightmare frequency); (c) a particular dreaming scenario ('pandemic dreams'); (d) an alteration of the dreaming-waking-life continuum and a specific function of dreaming as emotional regulator. Findings suggest that monitoring changes in dreaming provides important information about psychological health and could also contribute to the debate on the difficulties of dreaming, as well as sleeping, in particular during and after a period of 'collective trauma'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Margherita
- Department of Humanistic StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Alessia Caffieri
- Department of Humanistic StudiesUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
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Martin S, Oltra A, Del Monte J. Psychiatric and non-psychiatric population vulnerabilities in time of a crisis: the unsuspected aggression factor. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:386. [PMID: 37264352 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04843-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In March 2020, France faced a health crisis due to the COVID-19 outbreak that, like previous infectious disease crises, involved high psychological and emotional stress, a series of factors that influenced the ongoing mental health crisis. METHODS We recruited 384 respondents to complete an online questionnaire during the second month of isolation: 176 psychotherapy recipients (68 were currently attending psychiatric care) and 208 healthy controls. We measured demographic characteristics, impulsivity, aggression, hopelessness, suicidal risk, and the global level of anxiety and depression in order to estimate potential discrepancies in clinical measures across these populations. RESULTS Our results indicate that the group currently undergoing psychiatric care was prone to loneliness and social isolation. Regarding clinical and nonclinical population, there were differences in suicidal risk, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness but mainly in aggression. Regression analysis also demonstrated that aggression surprisingly influenced anxiety levels. Patients undergoing therapy compared with patients who were not displayed differences only in suicidal risk, anxiety, and hopelessness, with those undergoing therapy having higher scores. The outpatient group undergoing therapy had a significantly lower level of impulsivity. Moreover, the regression to predict anxiety and depression levels from correlated factors highlighted the potentially heightened role of aggression in predicting anxiety in the clinical group. CONCLUSION New research into stress reactions should assess other clinical signals, such as aggression, and examine preventive mental health interventions in times of crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Martin
- Center for Research and Bioethics, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, BMC, entrance A11, 75224, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Psycho.Tcce, Clinical psychology Private practice, Montpellier, France.
| | - Anna Oltra
- Clinical psychology Private practice, Toulouse, France
| | - Jonathan Del Monte
- Psychosocial Laboratory, Aix-Marseille University, Aix Marseille, France
- Clinical Psychology Department, Nîmes University, Nîmes, France
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66
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Hong C, Soifer I, Lee H, Choi EKC, Ruetzler T. Hospitality and tourism management student satisfaction with their majors and career readiness amid the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF HOSPITALITY, LEISURE, SPORT & TOURISM EDUCATION 2023; 32:100434. [PMID: 37041892 PMCID: PMC10080282 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhlste.2023.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak impacted hospitality and tourism management (HTM) program offerings that typically attract students, such as experiential learning courses, field trips, and internships, which were canceled or postponed. This transition has raised concerns about whether student satisfaction with their major and their perceived career readiness were impacted by the modified curriculum. Therefore, this study investigates how perceived curriculum, campus support, and self-efficacy affect HTM student satisfaction with the major and career readiness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Consequently, perceived curriculum, campus support, and self-efficacy positively influenced student satisfaction with their major. Self-efficacy has a positive impact on career readiness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanmi Hong
- Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Inna Soifer
- Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Harold Lee
- College of Merchandising, Hospitality and Tourism, University of North Texas, 1155 Union Circle, #311100, Denton, TX, 76203-5017, USA
| | - Eun-Kyong Cindy Choi
- Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
| | - Tanya Ruetzler
- Department of Nutrition and Hospitality Management, The University of Mississippi, P.O. Box 1848, University, MS, 38677, USA
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March-Amengual JM, Cambra-Badii I, Pineda Galán C, Busquets-Alibés E, Masó Aguado M, Ramon-Aribau A, Feito Grande L, Comella Cayuela A, Terribas I Sala N, Andrade-Gómez E, Martínez-Perez N, Jerez-Roig J. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on enrollment in undergraduate health-related studies in Spain. BMC MEDICAL EDUCATION 2023; 23:386. [PMID: 37237295 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04347-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether the pandemic has reinforced the choice of pursuing health-related bachelor's degrees, and to identify underlying factors that could contribute to that impact. This is a cross-sectional study using an online survey of 2,344 students of nursing, physiotherapy, medicine, psychology and podiatry who started health-related bachelor's degrees after the COVID-19 outbreak in Spanish higher education institutions. The pandemic influenced the choice of these studies by increasing the desire to help others (33.2%), by increasing citizenship values (28.4%), and by increasing the desire to contribute to improving the situation of the country (27.5%). Women had a significantly greater influence on the increase in social values related to the practice of the profession produced by the pandemic, whereas men and the bachelor's degree in podiatry were more influenced by salary prospects. An increased desire to help others was significantly higher among women and nursing and medical students. Podiatry and psychology were the degrees were most influenced by the pandemic, as more students decided to pursue them, something they had previously doubted, while in nursing, psychology, and medicine the pandemic reinforced their interest in pursuing the degree the most. Students personally affected by COVID-19 reported being more influenced in reconsidering their professional path and in reinforcing their desire to pursue the health-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaume-Miquel March-Amengual
- Research Group On Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Chair in Medical Education, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Irene Cambra-Badii
- Research Group On Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
- Chair in Medical Education, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
- Grífols Foundation Chair of Bioethics, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain.
| | | | - Ester Busquets-Alibés
- Research Group On Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Grífols Foundation Chair of Bioethics, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Montse Masó Aguado
- Research Group On Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Anna Ramon-Aribau
- Research Group On Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | | | - Agustí Comella Cayuela
- Research Group On Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Chair in Medical Education, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Nuria Terribas I Sala
- Grífols Foundation Chair of Bioethics, University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | | | - Naiara Martínez-Perez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Javier Jerez-Roig
- Research Group On Methodology, Methods, Models and Outcomes of Health and Social Sciences (M3O), Faculty of Health Sciences and Welfare, Center for Health and Social Care Research (CESS), University of Vic-Central University of Catalonia (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
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Calvo V, Masaro C, Fusco C, Pellicelli C, Ghedin S, Marogna C. Eudaimonic Well-Being of Italian Young Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Predictive and Mediating Roles of Fear of Death and Psychological Inflexibility. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5960. [PMID: 37297564 PMCID: PMC10252345 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20115960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The literature has widely acknowledged the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of young adults. Despite extensive research, eudaimonic well-being, which focuses on self-knowledge and self-realization, has been scarcely investigated. This cross-sectional study aimed to add knowledge on the eudaimonic well-being of young adults one year after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, verifying its potential linkages with fear of death and psychological inflexibility. A total of 317 young Italian adults (18-34 years), recruited through a chain sampling method, completed measures of psychological inflexibility, fear of death, and eudaimonic well-being included in an online survey. The study's hypotheses were tested with multivariate multiple regression and mediational analyses. Results showed that psychological inflexibility was negatively associated with all the dimensions of well-being, while fear of the death of others was associated with autonomy, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance. Furthermore, in the association between fear of death and well-being, the mediation role of psychological inflexibility was verified. These results contribute to the extant literature on the factors associated with eudaimonic well-being, providing clinical insights into the work with young adults within challenging times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Calvo
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Masaro
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Chiara Fusco
- Department of Psychology, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy
| | - Camilla Pellicelli
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Ghedin
- Servizio per le Dipendenze ASL Roma 6, 00041 Anzio, Italy
| | - Cristina Marogna
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Pedagogy, and Applied Psychology, University of Padova, 35131 Padua, Italy
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Liao DD, Dong M, Ding KR, Hou CL, Tan WY, Ke YF, Jia FJ, Wang SB. Prevalence and patterns of major depressive disorder and subthreshold depressive symptoms in south China. J Affect Disord 2023; 329:131-140. [PMID: 36828143 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on major depressive disorder (MDD) and subthreshold depressive symptoms (SDS) is rarely reported in south China. This study examines the prevalence rates and patterns of MDD and SDS of a large representative sample of adult residents in south China. METHODS The Guangdong Mental Health Survey was conducted on adults (over 18 years) from September to December 2021. Multistage stratified cluster sampling was used and face-to-face interviews were done with a two-stage design by trained lay interviewers and psychiatrists. A total of 16,377 inhabitants were interviewed using standardized assessment tools. Data were weighted to adjust for differential probabilities of selection and differential response. RESULTS The weighted prevalence rates of MDD and SDS were 2.5 % (95%CI: 2.2 %-2.9 %) and 14.7 % (95%CI: 14.0 %-15.5 %), respectively. Multinomial logistic regression analysis revealed that female, younger age, living in urban area, higher education, unmarried, irregular meal pattern, lack of physical exercise, chronic diseases, irregular napping pattern and short sleep were positively associated with SDS. Besides, female, younger age, unmarried, irregular meal pattern, lack of physical exercise, chronic diseases, short sleep and poor mental health were positively associated with MDD. LIMITATIONS The cross-sectional nature of the study limited causal inferences. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of MDD in Guangdong province in 2021 is higher than in mainland China in 2013. Given the higher prevalence of SDS, and high burden of depression, it also offers valuable opportunities for policymakers and health-care professionals to explore the factors affecting mental health in Guangdong province, especially during the COVID-19 epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Liao
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Min Dong
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Kai-Rong Ding
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Cai-Lan Hou
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wen-Yan Tan
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yun-Fei Ke
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fu-Jun Jia
- Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China; Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Shi-Bin Wang
- Guangdong Mental Health Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
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Hirai M, Vernon LL, Hernandez EN. Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in a Hispanic sample: Testing the buffering role of resilience and perceived social support. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023:1-13. [PMID: 37359631 PMCID: PMC10157122 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-023-04664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the effects of specific COVID-19 stressors (i.e., family member's death due to COVID-19, COVID-19 infection, and school/financial stressors) on stress, anxiety, and depression and the potential buffering roles of resilience and perceived social support in the association between COVID-19 stressors and psychological symptoms in a Hispanic university student sample (n = 664). Participants were classified in three stressor groups: those reporting a family member's death due to COVID-19 (15.7%), those reporting their own or a family member's COVID-19 infection but no COVID-19 death (35.5%), and those reporting only school and/or financial stressors due to the pandemic (48.8%). Participants completed self-report measures online. Over 50% of participants with a COVID-19 death or infection in the family reported clinical levels of depression symptoms and over 40% endorsed clinically elevated anxiety symptoms. A series of moderation analyses with multi-categorical predictors found that among relatively highly resilient people, the magnitudes of the impact of COVID-19 infection or death on stress, anxiety, and depression were similar to the effect of a financial/school stressor alone, suggesting the buffering role of resilience. Perceived social support did not play a buffering role in the associations. Family member death due to COVID-19 and COVID-19 infection had significant negative psychological impacts on Hispanic young adults. Internal personal resources such as resilience, rather than external personal resources such as perceived social support, appear to be a critical factor that may help protect Hispanic individuals' mental health from the worst stressors of the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiyo Hirai
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX USA
| | - Laura L. Vernon
- Wilkes Honors College, Florida Atlantic University, Jupitar, FL USA
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The impact of COVID-19 on visitors' wayfinding within healthcare centers. AIN SHAMS ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2023; 14. [PMCID: PMC9448710 DOI: 10.1016/j.asej.2022.101957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The novel COVID-19 pandemic has caused substantial calamities in developing countries such as Iran, which initially suffered from inadequate infrastructure essential for the pandemic control. Due to the ongoing development of this malady, healthcare centers are recognized as one of the most significant hotspots within public settings so they are directly pertinent to the physical and mental health of visitors. The main objective for conducting the present study is to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the visitors' wayfinding procedure within Qa'em hospital, located in Rasht, northern Iran. The adopted methodology in the present study is based on a comparison between the collected data regarding the wayfinding behavior of visitors before and after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic using mixed methods, namely Space Syntax, gate counting, people following, and semi-structured interviews. The obtained empirical results displayed that visitors were significantly confused and hesitant throughout their wayfinding process after the outbreak of the pandemic. Indeed, spatial accessibility and legibility were not found to be adequate for facilitating the wayfinding of the visitors. Moreover, the requirements for the reconfiguration of furniture layout in the waiting areas, according to the underlying notions of social distancing, became conspicuous as the pragmatic implications for the post-pandemic healthcare centers.
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Li L, Zhou J, Zhuang J, Zhang Q. Gender-specific emotional characteristics of crisis communication on social media: Case studies of two public health crises. Inf Process Manag 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ipm.2023.103299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
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Shanahan L, Johnson-Ferguson L, Loher M, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L, Murray AL, Hepp U, Ribeaud D, Eisner M. The worst and the best: new insights into risk and resilience in young adults from the COVID-19 pandemic. ADVERSITY AND RESILIENCE SCIENCE 2023:1-15. [PMID: 37361562 PMCID: PMC10132952 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-023-00096-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Historic declines in young people's mental health began to emerge before the COVID-19 pandemic. In the face of this youth mental health crisis, the pandemic constituted a naturalistic stressor paradigm that came with the potential to uncover new knowledge for the science of risk and resilience. Surprisingly, approximately 19-35% of people reported better well-being in the first few months of the COVID-19 pandemic than before. Therefore, in May and September 2020, we asked N=517 young adults from a cohort study to describe the best and the worst aspects of their pandemic lives (N=1,462 descriptions). Inductive thematic analysis revealed that the best aspects included the deceleration of life and a greater abundance of free time, which was used for hobbies, healthy activities, strengthening relationships, and for personal growth and building resilience skills. Positive aspects also included a reduction in educational pressures and work load and temporary relief from climate change concerns. The worst aspects included disruptions and changes to daily life; social distancing and restrictions of freedoms; negative emotions that arose in the pandemic situation, including uncertainty about the future; and the growing polarization of society. Science that aims to reverse the youth mental health crisis must pay increased attention to sources of young people's distress that are not commonly measured (e.g., their educational, work, and time pressures; their fears and uncertainties about their personal, society's, and the global future), and also to previously untapped sources of well-being - including those that young people identified for themselves while facing the COVID-19 pandemic. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42844-023-00096-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilly Shanahan
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Binzmühlestrasse 14, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lydia Johnson-Ferguson
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacopsychology, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Lenggstrasse 31, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michelle Loher
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annekatrin Steinhoff
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Bechtiger
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Urs Hepp
- Meilen Institute Zurich, Stockerstrasse 45, CH-8002 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Denis Ribeaud
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Eisner
- Jacobs Center for Productive Youth Development, University of Zurich, Andreasstrasse 15, 8050 Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute of Criminology, University of Cambridge, Sidgwick Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 9DA UK
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Xiong X, Hu RX, Chen C, Ning W. Effects of risk exposure on emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating role of disruption of life and perceived controllability. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1147530. [PMID: 37181904 PMCID: PMC10169736 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1147530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background COVID-19 affects not only the physical health of individuals but also their mental health and different types of risk exposures are believed to have different effects on individual emotional distress. Objective This study explores the relationships between risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress among Chinese adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods This study is based on an online survey conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, from 1 to 10 February 2020, with a total of 2,993 Chinese respondents recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. Multiple linear regression analysis were used to examine the relationships among risk exposure, disruption of life, perceived controllability, and emotional distress. Results This study found that all types of risk exposures were significantly associated with emotional distress. Individuals with neighborhood infection, family member infection/close contact, and self-infection/close contact had higher levels of emotional distress (B = 0.551, 95% CI: -0.019, 1.121; B = 2.161, 95% CI: 1.067, 3.255; B = 3.240, 95% CI: 2.351, 4.129) than those without exposure. The highest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing self-infection/close contact, while the lowest levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing neighborhood infection and the moderate levels of emotional distress occurred among individuals experiencing family member infection (Beta = 0.137; Beta = 0.073; Beta = 0.036). Notably, the disruption of life aggravated the effect of self-infection/close contact on emotional distress and family member infection/close contact on emotional distress (B = 0.217, 95% CI: 0.036, 0.398; B = 0.205, 95% CI: 0.017, 0.393). More importantly, perceived controllability lowered the strength of the association between self-infection/close contact and emotional distress, as well as family member infection/close contact and emotional distress (B = -0.180, 95% CI: -0.362, 0.002; B = -0.187, 95% CI: -0.404, 0.030). Conclusion These findings shed light on mental health interventions for people exposed to or infected with COVID-19 near the beginning of the pandemic, particularly those who themselves had COVID or had family members with COVID-19 risk exposure, including being infected/having close contact with an infected person. We call for appropriate measures to screen out individuals or families whose lives were, or remain, more severely affected by COVID-19. We advocate providing individuals with material support and online mindfulness-based interventions to help them cope with the after-effects of COVID-19. It is also essential to enhance the public's perception of controllability with the help of online psychological intervention strategies, such as mindfulness-based stress reduction programs and mindfulness-oriented meditation training programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyan Xiong
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Rita Xiaochen Hu
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Chuanfang Chen
- School of Sociology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenyuan Ning
- School of Marxism, Zhongnan University of Economics and Law, Wuhan, P. R. China
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Liu L, Chen J, Liang S, Yang W, Peng X, Cai C, Huang A, Wang X, Zhao J. Impact of family functioning on mental health problems of college students in China during COVID-19 pandemic and moderating role of coping style: a longitudinal study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:244. [PMID: 37041506 PMCID: PMC10089825 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, college students were required to stay at home and maintain social distance for the entire spring semester of 2020. There is little research on how family functioning influenced mental health problems and how coping styles moderated the relationship between family functioning and mental health problems among college students during their stay-at-home period. METHODS A total of 13,462 college students (age = 16-29 years) completed four online surveys between February and October 2020, namely the outbreak phase, remission phase, online study phase, and school reopening phase in Guangdong Province, China. Family functioning was assessed by the Family APGAR; coping styles were assessed by the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), depression symptoms and anxiety symptoms were evaluated by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) respectively. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess associations between variables, the logit link function was used to estimate the odds ratio of different subgroups, the Newton-Raphson method was used to estimate parameters, and the Wald test was used to test the main effect and the interaction effect. RESULTS The incidence rates of depression increased during the stay-at-home period from 33.87%, 95% CI (29.88%, 38.10%) to 40.08% 95% CI (35.76%, 44.55%) after schools reopened, χ2 = 193.68, p < 0.001. The incidence rates of anxiety increased from 17.45%, 95% CI (14.59%, 20.73%) to 26.53%, 95% CI (16.94%, 23.67%) over the entire period, χ2 = 195.74, p < 0.001. The percentages of students with highly functional, moderately dysfunctional and severely dysfunctional family functioning were 48.23%, 43.91 and 7.86% at T1 and 46.20%, 45.28%, and 8.52 at T4, respectively. The percentage of subjects with active coping style was 23.9%, negative coping style was 17.4%, strong response coping was 26.9%, and weak response coping was 31.7%. The incidence rate of depression and anxiety for different family functioning groups varied at different time points, and the interaction effect was significant (χ2 = 52.97, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 51.25, p < 0.001, respectively). The incidence rate of depression and anxiety for different family functioning groups with different coping styles also varied at different time points, the interaction effect was likewise significant (χ2 = 862.09, p < 0.001 and χ2 = 583.29, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Having a severely dysfunctional family and a negative coping style increase the incidence rates of depression and anxiety. These findings highlight the importance of paying special attention to college students' family functioning and promoting appropriate coping strategies during and after COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Liu
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Chen
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunwei Liang
- Mental Health Education and Counseling Center, Guangzhou Academy of Fine Arts, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwen Yang
- Psychological Counseling Center, Department of Student Affairs, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaodan Peng
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengcheng Cai
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Andi Huang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiayong Wang
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingbo Zhao
- Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
- Mental Health Center, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Quan L, Lu W, Zhen R, Zhou X. Post-traumatic stress disorders, anxiety, and depression in college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: a cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry 2023; 23:228. [PMID: 37016381 PMCID: PMC10072042 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-023-04660-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The COVID-19 pandemic has caused an increase in psychiatric disorders in college students, particularly posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD), depression, and anxiety. While existing studies assess the prevalence of these disorders and their predictors, they overlook potential complications caused by comorbidity between these disorders. To fill this gap, this study examined the prevalence of PTSD, depression, anxiety, and their comorbidity to inform targeted intervention for college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN Self-report questionnaires were used to assess 6,898 college students about six months after the COVID-19 outbreak. RESULTS The results found that the prevalence of PTSD, depression, and anxiety were 15.5%, 32.2%, and 32.1% respectively, and the prevalence of comorbid PTSD and depression, comorbid PTSD and anxiety, comorbid depression and anxiety, and comorbid PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms were 11.5%, 11.6%, 20.4%, and 9.4% respectively. Moreover, left-behind status, lower economic status, previous trauma experiences, exposure to the pandemic, and rumination were risk factors of psychological distress, but self-disclosure was a protective factor for these disorders. CONCLUSION These results indicate that distinct psychiatric disorders may be comorbid in individuals, and are further influenced by pre-, within-, and post-disaster factors. Furthermore, psychological service targeted at college students should pay attention to comorbid symptoms rather than only symptoms of single disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Quan
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Wei Lu
- School of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Rui Zhen
- Jing Hengyi School of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, China.
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310028, China
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Freeman C, Panier L, Schaffer J, Weinberg A. Neural response to social but not monetary reward predicts increases in depressive symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychophysiology 2023; 60:e14206. [PMID: 36349469 PMCID: PMC9878199 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of depressive symptoms has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially among those with greater pandemic-related stress exposure; however, not all individuals exposed to pandemic stress will develop depression. Determining which individuals are vulnerable to depressive symptoms as a result of this stress could lead to an improved understanding of the etiology of depression. This study sought to determine whether neural sensitivity to monetary and/or social reward prospectively predicts depressive symptoms during periods of high stress. 121 participants attended pre-pandemic laboratory visits where they completed monetary and social reward tasks while electroencephalogram was recorded. Subsequently, from March to August 2020, we sent eight questionnaires probing depressive symptoms and exposure to pandemic-related stressors. Using repeated-measures multilevel models, we evaluated whether neural response to social or monetary reward predicted increases in depressive symptoms across the early course of the pandemic. Furthermore, we examined whether neural response to social or monetary reward moderated the association between pandemic-related episodic stressors and depressive symptoms. Pandemic-related stress exposure was strongly associated with depressive symptoms. Additionally, we found that blunted neural response to social but not monetary reward predicted increased depressive symptoms during the pandemic. However, neither neural response to social nor monetary reward moderated the association between episodic stress exposure and depressive symptoms. Our findings indicate that neural response to social reward may be a useful predictor of depressive symptomatology under times of chronic stress, particularly stress with a social dimension.
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Breslau J, Roth EA, Baird MD, Carman KG, Collins RL. A longitudinal study of predictors of serious psychological distress during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychol Med 2023; 53:2418-2426. [PMID: 34629132 PMCID: PMC8523967 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721004293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of serious psychological distress (SPD) was elevated during the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA, but the relationships of SPD during the pandemic with pre-pandemic SPD, pre-pandemic socioeconomic status, and pandemic-related social stressors remain unexamined. METHODS A probability-based sample (N = 1751) of the US population age 20 and over was followed prospectively from February 2019 (T1), with subsequent interviews in May 2020 (T2) and August 2020 (T3). Multinomial logistic regression was used to assess prospective relationships between T1 SPD with experiences of disruption of employment, health care, and childcare at T2. Binary logistic regression was then used to assess relationships of T1 SPD, and socioeconomic status and T2 pandemic-related stressors with T3 SPD. RESULTS At T1, SPD was associated with age, race/ethnicity, and household income. SPD at T1 predicted disruption of employment (OR 4.5, 95% CI 1.4-3.8) and health care (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.1) at T2. SPD at T1 (OR 10.2, 95% CI 4.5-23.3), low household income at T1 (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.4), disruption of employment at T2 (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.4-7.6), and disruption of healthcare at T2 (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.5-7.2) were all significantly associated with elevated risk for SPD at T3. CONCLUSIONS Elevated risk for SPD during the COVID-19 pandemic is related to multiple psychological and social pathways that are likely to interact over the life course. Policies and interventions that target individuals with pre-existing mental health conditions as well as those experiencing persistent unemployment should be high priorities in the mental health response to the pandemic.
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Yoo N, Jang SH. Perceived household financial decline and physical/mental health among adolescents during the COVID-19 crisis: Focusing on gender differences. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102119. [PMID: 36718194 PMCID: PMC9872569 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has worsened adolescents' mental and physical health. Several studies have reported that the effect may be greater in girls; however, relevant socio-ecological factors have not been examined. This study aimed to examine the factors associated with physical and mental health status among adolescents and the moderating role of gender on the relationship between physical and mental health status and perceived household financial decline. We analyzed the cross-sectional 2020 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey (KYRBS) collected between August and November 2020 in South Korea. It included 54,809 adolescents (28,269 males and 26,540 females), on average aged 15.1. We conducted ordinary least squares (OLS) regressions to examine the factors associated with physical and mental health outcomes. Gender differences were observed in associated factors. Then, we tested the moderating effect of gender by including an interaction term between gender and perceived household financial decline due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Perceived household financial decline due to COVID-19 negatively affected both groups. Perceiving moderate and severe financial decline due to COVID-19 is negatively associated with self-rated health among female adolescents than male counterparts. Female adolescents were also more vulnerable to mental health outcomes (i.e., distress, anxiety, and loneliness) when they perceived severe or moderate household financial decline due to COVID-19 compared to their male peers. Our findings suggest that female adolescents are more vulnerable to household financial shocks due to COVID-19, especially in households that have experienced a severe decline. We suggest the need for gender-sensitive policy interventions for adolescent mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Yoo
- Silver School of Social Work, New York University, 1 Washington Square N, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sou Hyun Jang
- Department of Sociology, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, South Korea
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Singhal S, Prakash N. A narrative inquiry into the meaning of career identity of Indian emerging adults amid Covid-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR EDUCATIONAL AND VOCATIONAL GUIDANCE 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37360271 PMCID: PMC10019401 DOI: 10.1007/s10775-023-09590-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper studied the career experiences of emerging adults amid the pandemic and how they make sense of their career identities during this time. Twenty Indian Emerging adults (18-25 years) wrote narratives about their career stories during the pandemic. Using thematic analysis, three key themes of (1) Perceived Impact of Pandemic Crisis on Career Identity, (2) Positive Meaning-Making of Career Identity amid the Crises, and (3) Negative Meaning-Making of Career Identity amid the Crises were identified. The study concluded that despite the negative impact of Covid-19 on career experiences, most emerging adults cognitively reframed negative experiences as positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surbhi Singhal
- Department of Psychology, Arts Faculty Extension Building, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
| | - Nidhi Prakash
- Department of Psychology, Arts Faculty Extension Building, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110007 India
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Sirois FM. Procrastination and Stress: A Conceptual Review of Why Context Matters. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5031. [PMID: 36981941 PMCID: PMC10049005 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20065031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Research over the past two decades has continued to highlight the robust associations between procrastination and stress across multiple populations and contexts. Despite this burgeoning evidence base and theory linking procrastination to higher levels of stress, as well as the reverse, the role of context in this potentially dynamic association has received relatively little attention. In this conceptual review I argue that from a mood regulation perspective of procrastination, stressful contexts necessarily increase risk for procrastination because they deplete coping resources and lower the threshold for tolerating negative emotions. Drawing on insights from coping and emotion regulation theory, the new stress context vulnerability model of procrastination proposes that the risk for procrastination increases in stressful contexts primarily because procrastination is a low-resource means of avoiding aversive and difficult task-related emotions. The new model is then applied to evidence on the primary and secondary sources of stress during the COVID-19 pandemic and how they may have increased vulnerability for procrastination. After discussing potential applications of the new model for understanding how and why risk for procrastination may increase in other stressful contexts, approaches that might mitigate vulnerability for procrastination in high-stress contexts are discussed. Overall, this new stress context vulnerability model underscores the need for taking a more compassionate view of the antecedents and factors that may increase the risk for procrastination.
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Horwood S, Anglim J, Bereznicki H, Wood JK. Well‐being during the coronavirus pandemic: The effect of big five personality and COVID‐19 beliefs and behaviors. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Horwood
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | - Jeromy Anglim
- School of Psychology Deakin University Geelong Australia
| | | | - Joshua K. Wood
- Deakin Business School Deakin University Geelong Australia
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Pearman A, Hughes ML, Coblenz CW, Smith EL, Neupert SD. A Precautionary Tale: Individual Decision Making in the Time of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4597. [PMID: 36901607 PMCID: PMC10001963 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Precaution taking is an important part of managing COVID-19 and has been since the start of the pandemic. Guided by the Health Belief Model, two studies conducted during the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to identify possible individual difference predictors of precautionary actions. Study 1 was an online, cross-sectional study using 763 adults aged 20-79 years old. Study 2, a 30-day daily diary study, examined daily precautions in 261 persons over the age of 55 years old. Study 1 and Study 2 indicated that COVID-19 knowledge predicted precautionary behaviors. Multilevel models from Study 2 indicated that daily increases in in-person interactions and leaving home were associated with decreases in precautions, but increases in disruption to routine were associated with increases in precautions. In both studies, including concurrent and lagged models in Study 2, significant interactions between information seeking and perceived risk suggested higher information seeking was related to higher precautions for those who consider themselves low risk. Findings highlight the burden of daily precautions and potentially modifiable factors of engagement in precautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Pearman
- Department of Psychiatry, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH 44109, USA
| | - MacKenzie L. Hughes
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Clara W. Coblenz
- School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Emily L. Smith
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7650, USA
| | - Shevaun D. Neupert
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7650, USA
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84
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Green KH, Becht AI, van de Groep S, van der Cruijsen R, Sweijen SW, Crone EA. Socioeconomic hardship, uncertainty about the future, and adolescent mental wellbeing over a year during the COVID‐19 pandemic. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kayla H. Green
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andrik I. Becht
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Research Center Adolescent Development Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van de Groep
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Renske van der Cruijsen
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Sophie W. Sweijen
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Eveline A. Crone
- Erasmus School of Social and Behavioural Sciences Erasmus University Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
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85
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Draženović M, Vukušić Rukavina T, Machala Poplašen L. Impact of Social Media Use on Mental Health within Adolescent and Student Populations during COVID-19 Pandemic: Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3392. [PMID: 36834091 PMCID: PMC9965407 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has drastically changed our lives. By increased screen time during the pandemic, social media (SM) could have significantly impacted adolescents' and students' mental health (MH). This literature review aims to synthesize the research on the impact of SM usage on MH of adolescents and students during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of the published literature was conducted in April 2021, through a search of PubMed and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The search yielded 1136 records, with 13 articles selected for this review. Most of the included studies observed the negative impact of SM use on MH of adolescents and students, most noticeably observed were anxiety, depression and stress. More active and prolonged SM usage was associated with a negative impact on MH of adolescents and students. Two studies recorded some potentially positive effects, such as support in coping and providing a sense of connection for those who were isolated due to social distancing measures. Since this review focuses on the early period of the pandemic, future studies should investigate the long-term impact of SM use on adolescents and students MH, with all relevant elements that can enable adequate public health response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Draženović
- Leadership and Management of Health Services, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Vukušić Rukavina
- Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Lovela Machala Poplašen
- Andrija Štampar School of Public Health, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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86
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Shulman S, Stein J, Melamed O, Muchaeli Y, Hakhmigari-Kalfon M. The Role of Personality Risk and Protective Factors in Living with Covid-19: A Longitudinal Study. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2023; 30:1-12. [PMID: 36789170 PMCID: PMC9911333 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-023-09439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Earlier research has shown the significant role of personality in serving as risk or protective factors in psychological wellbeing. However, it is less clear the extent to which personality plays in coping with the Covid-19 pandemic. The aim of the current study was to examine the role of a personality risk factors such as self-criticism, and personality strengths such as efficacy and intrinsic motivation representing resilience in predicting psychological outcomes in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. As part of a broader longitudinal study, personality measures were assessed at ages 23 and 29, and Covid-19-related outcomes were measured at age 41 on a subsample of 83 Israeli participants, who were approached after the first lockdown that was implemented (April 2020). Findings showed that self-criticism measured at age 23 anticipated greater Covid-19-related distress and lower satisfaction at age 41. Decrease in self-criticism from age 23 to 29, which indicates developmental progress toward maturity, explained lower non-adaptive emotional reactions at age 41- lower distress and lower anxiety. In addition, a higher level of intrinsic motivation at age 29 explained a greater likelihood to expect post pandemic growth. Findings highlight the role of personality in addressing unexpected stressful events such as the current Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shmuel Shulman
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- College of Management, Rishon Le’Zion, Israel
| | - Jacob Stein
- College of Management, Rishon Le’Zion, Israel
| | - Osnat Melamed
- Centre of Mental Health and Addiction, Toronto, Canada
| | - Yossi Muchaeli
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- College of Academic Studies, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Maor Hakhmigari-Kalfon
- Department of Psychology, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- Tel Aviv Yaffo Academic College, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
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87
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Jayarathne KDVS, Wijesinghe MSD. Coping mechanisms for emotional distress due to COVID-19 pandemic among young adults between 18 to 25 years in Sri Lanka: A cross-sectional online survey. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 83:103501. [PMID: 36796123 PMCID: PMC9896838 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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88
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Upton E, Clare PJ, Aiken A, Boland VC, Torres CD, Bruno R, Hutchinson D, Kypri K, Mattick R, McBride N, Peacock A. Changes in mental health and help-seeking among young Australian adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study. Psychol Med 2023; 53:687-695. [PMID: 33966686 PMCID: PMC8144825 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721001963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young people may have elevated risk for poorer mental health during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, yet longitudinal studies documenting this impact are lacking. This study assessed changes in mental health and help-seeking since COVID-19 restrictions in young Australians, including gender differences. METHODS Data were drawn from a recent subsample (n = 443; 60% female; Mage = 22.0) of a prospective cohort originally recruited in secondary school to complete annual surveys. The subsample completed an additional COVID-19 survey during COVID-19 restrictions (May-June 2020), which was compared to responses from their latest annual survey (August 2019-March 2020). Mixed effect models with time and gender as the primary predictors were conducted for: (i) scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire Depression 9-item (PHQ-9) and Generalised Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7) modules assessed before and during COVID-19 restrictions, and (ii) self-reported help-seeking from a health professional in February 2020, and the month preceding May-June 2020. RESULTS Mean symptom scores increased from before to during COVID-19 restrictions on the PHQ-9 (coefficient: 1.29; 95% CI 0.72-1.86) and GAD-7 (0.78; 95% CI 0.26-1.31), but there was no increase in help-seeking over time (odds ratio 0.50; 95% CI 0.19-1.32). There was no evidence of differential changes by gender. CONCLUSIONS This study found increases in depression and anxiety symptoms but not greater help-seeking among young Australian adults during the first wave of the pandemic. Increasing availability and awareness of accessible treatment options and psychoeducation is critical, as well as further research into risk and protective factors to help target treatment to this vulnerable age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Upton
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Philip J. Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Veronica C. Boland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Clara De Torres
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Richard Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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89
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Omar RH, Fortin J, Rivest‐Beauregard M, Lonergan M, Brunet A. Peritraumatic distress across the lifespan: Clinical implications of age differences during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Stress Health 2023; 39:226-231. [PMID: 35686574 PMCID: PMC9348293 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Peritraumatic Distress Inventory (PDI) is a well-known self-report questionnaire indexing the distress experienced during and shortly after a most stressful or traumatic event. Although sociodemographic factors contributing to peritraumatic distress have been previously investigated, no research has examined the nature and severity of peritraumatic distress reactions in a non-clinical, community sample as a function of age. An international sample of 5621 adult participants were grouped according the World Health Organization's age stratification protocol. Mean scores and item endorsement on the PDI were compared across groups with respect to their worst experience of the COVID-19 pandemic. A significant between-group difference was found, F(55,615) = 30.74, p < 0.001, n2 = 0.027 whereby participants aged 18-39 years old reported the highest levels of peritraumatic distress. This group also endorsed a higher proportion of items on the PDI's two main factors (emotional distress and physical reactions), and were more likely to endorse feelings of helplessness, than older participants. It appears that severity of peritraumatic distress during the pandemic has affected younger people the most. Results are discussed in light of clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Hassan Omar
- Department of PsychologyUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada,Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University InstituteVerdunQuebecCanada
| | - Justine Fortin
- Department of PsychologyUniversité de MontréalMontréalQuebecCanada,Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University InstituteVerdunQuebecCanada
| | - Marjolaine Rivest‐Beauregard
- Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University InstituteVerdunQuebecCanada,Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
| | - Michelle Lonergan
- Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University InstituteVerdunQuebecCanada,School of PsychologyUniversity of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada
| | - Alain Brunet
- Research Center of the Douglas Mental Health University InstituteVerdunQuebecCanada,Department of PsychiatryMcGill UniversityMontréalQuebecCanada
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90
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Folayan MO, Zuñiga RAA, Virtanen JI, Ezechi OC, Aly NM, Lusher J, Nguyen AL, El Tantawi M. Psychosocial Factors Associated with Memory Complaints during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Multi-Country Survey. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13020249. [PMID: 36831792 PMCID: PMC9953835 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13020249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assessed the associations between psychosocial factors (social isolation, social support, financial support and emotional distress) and memory complaints during the COVID-19 pandemic. This was a secondary analysis of data extracted from the dataset of participants recruited from 151 countries for a COVID-19 related mental health and wellness study between June and December 2020. The dependent variable was memory complaint, measured using the Memory Complaint Questionnaire. The independent variables were perception of social isolation, social support, financial support, emotional distress and history of SARS-CoV-19 infection. Confounding variables were age, sex at birth, level of education, employment status, HIV status and country-income level. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the associations between the dependent and independent variables after adjusting for the confounders. Of the 14825 participants whose data was extracted, 2460 (16.6%) had memory complaints. Participants who felt socially isolated (AOR: 1.422; 95% CI: 1.286-1.571), emotionally distressed (AOR: 2.042; 95% CI: 1.850-2.253) and with history of SARS-CoV-19 infection (AOR: 1.369; 95% CI: 1.139-1.646) had significantly higher odds of memory complaints. Participants who perceived they had social and financial support had significantly lower odds of memory complaints (AOR: 0.655; 95% CI: 0.571-0.751). Future management of pandemics like the COVID-19 should promote access to social and financial support and reduce the risk of social isolation and emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Child Dental Health, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- The Centre for Reproductive and Population Health Studies, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos 101212, Nigeria
| | - Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Oaxaca 70805, Mexico
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Oliver C Ezechi
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- The Centre for Reproductive and Population Health Studies, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos 101212, Nigeria
| | - Nourhan M Aly
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
| | - Joanne Lusher
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Provost's Group, Regent's University, London E14 2BE, UK
| | - Annie L Nguyen
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Department of Family Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 91803, USA
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- MEHEWE Study Group, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife 220282, Nigeria
- Provost's Group, Regent's University, London E14 2BE, UK
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91
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Machado BC, Moreira CS, Correia M, Veiga E, Gonçalves S. Coping as a Mediator and Moderator between Psychological Distress and Disordered Eating Behaviors and Weight Changes during the COVID-19 Pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2504. [PMID: 36767871 PMCID: PMC9915561 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has already shown the negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on college students' well-being and mental health. Eating problems and weight gain due to changes in eating habits and physical activity experienced during this period have also been noticed. However, few studies have explored the role of students' resources as used during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as coping strategies. This study aimed to (1) explore the associations among psychological distress, disordered eating, coping strategies, and weight changes; (2) examine the moderating role of coping strategies in the process of weight gain and weight loss; and (3) study the mediating role of coping strategies in the process of weight gain and weight loss. The participants in this study were 772 students at a Portuguese university. The data collected included sociodemographic data and three self-reported questionnaires (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale; Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire; Brief COPE) during the first few months of the pandemic, which included a 72-day full national lockdown. The results showed that depression, anxiety, stress, and disordered eating were related to increased weight. Guilt, denial, self-distraction, use of substances, and behavior disinvestment were also related to increased weight. Behavioral disinvestment had a strong mediating effect on weight gain. Additionally, planning, positive reframing, and acceptance all showed a moderating effect between psychological distress and weight changes. In conclusion, coping strategies allow for a better understanding of the mechanisms by which psychological distress and disordered eating were related to weight changes during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Cesar Machado
- CEDH—Research Centre for Human Development, Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia S. Moreira
- Centre of Mathematics & Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto (CMUP & FCUP), 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Correia
- Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Elisa Veiga
- CEDH—Research Centre for Human Development, Faculdade de Educação e Psicologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Gonçalves
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
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92
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Foster S, Estévez-Lamorte N, Walitza S, Mohler-Kuo M. The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Young Adults' Mental Health in Switzerland: A Longitudinal Cohort Study from 2018 to 2021. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:2598. [PMID: 36767967 PMCID: PMC9915161 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Most of the studies that examine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health have been restricted to pandemic mental health data alone. The aim of the current study was to estimate the pandemic's effect on young Swiss adults' mental health by comparing pandemic to pre-pandemic mental health. Longitudinal data of 1175 young Swiss adults who participated in the S-YESMH study in 2018 and were followed-up in 2020 and 2021 were analyzed. The study outcomes were self-reported symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), thoughts about death or self-harm, and risky single-occasion drinking (RSOD). Generalized estimation equations, logistic regression and statistical mediation analysis were used to analyze the data. Evidence was found of increased depression, GAD, and ADHD among young women and increased depression among young men, resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Uncertainty about the future predicted young women's depression and anxiety in 2021. COVID-19 stress in 2021 fully mediated the effect of COVID-19 stress in 2020 on depression and GAD in 2021. Young Swiss women's and men's mental health appears to have been adversely affected by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially during the second pandemic year. Uncertainty about the future and stress becoming chronic in 2021 likely explain some of the adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Foster
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natalia Estévez-Lamorte
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Meichun Mohler-Kuo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
- La Source, School of Nursing Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Western Switzerland, 1004 Lausanne, Switzerland
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93
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Pozza A, Giangrasso B, Baldo D, Fort A, Millozzi G, Iocca F, Angelo NL, Pugi D, Gualtieri G, Lorenzi L, Gioia F, Bocci Benucci S, Fioravanti G, Coluccia A, Ferretti F, Casale S. Mobile opportunity against stress: Open study protocol on the effectiveness of a mobile platform for stress self-management in the post-pandemic era. Front Psychol 2023; 13:917574. [PMID: 36755986 PMCID: PMC9901297 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.917574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile health platforms have shown promise in the management of various mental health conditions (including stress, anxiety, and depression) and cognitive behavioral strategies emerged as a popular and effective option offered by the platforms. This paper presents the protocol of a study aimed to test the effectiveness of a mobile platform that uses cognitive-behavioral strategies for stress self-management in the Tuscany region (Italy). The mobile app is adapted to the specific needs of each vulnerable population for which it is designed: young and older people, healthcare professionals, entrepreneurs. The app will be evaluated on the following outcomes: (i) perceived susceptibility and severity of the pandemic situation, perceived benefits, and costs of preventive health behaviors, (ii) knowledge about Covid-19 preventive behaviors and negative consequences of social distancing, (iii) stress and psychopathological symptoms (i.e., anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms) and cognitive distortions. If successful, we expect that the platform could give various groups clinical benefits by providing symptom self-monitoring and early intervention, consolidating the number of mental health programs available, and decreasing barriers to treatment-seeking. This population-level approach has the potential to improve mental health outcomes in pandemic periods for many people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Barbara Giangrasso
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - David Baldo
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ada Fort
- Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Iocca
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Nicole Loren Angelo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Daniele Pugi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Lore Lorenzi
- Santa Maria Alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Gioia
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Sara Bocci Benucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giulia Fioravanti
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Anna Coluccia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferretti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Silvia Casale
- Department of Health Sciences, Psychology Unit, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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94
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Xu J, Yang X. The influence of resilience on stress reaction of college students during COVID-19: the mediating role of coping style and positive adaptive response. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-12. [PMID: 36684467 PMCID: PMC9838361 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04214-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic was a stressful event for all. It threatened people's physical and mental health. Previous studies have found that resilience can help people deal with stress and difficulties more effectively and prevent them from mental health problems. Coping style mediates the relationship between resilience and psychological well-being. Given the novelty and recency of the COVID-19, it is unknown whether resilience can also protect individuals in new difficulties, and whether the previous effective coping styles can be applied to new situations. The current study aimed to explore the influence mechanism of college students' resilience on negative stress response during the pandemic, and the chain mediation of coping style and positive adaptive response. A questionnaire survey was conducted among 910 college students (Mage = 20.58 years; 41.1% men, 58.9% women) studying in Shanghai by stratified random cluster sampling. At that time, they were in 27 different provinces and cities because of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. The research tools included Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ), Positive Adaptive Response Questionnaire (PARQ), and Negative Stress Reaction Questionnaire (NSRQ). The results showed that: (1) College students' resilience, coping style, positive adaptive response and negative stress reaction were significantly correlated with each other; (2) Resilience could not directly affect negative stress reaction, but it could affect negative stress reaction through the chain mediation of coping style and positive adaptive response. These findings suggest that resilience enhancement intervention programs need to focus on the cultivation of individual positive coping style; In response to major emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, officials can help people reduce negative stress reaction by disseminating positive coping strategies through the media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Psychological Counseling Center, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
| | - Xiujun Yang
- School of Marxism, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444 China
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95
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Coulaud PJ, Salway T, Jesson J, Bolduc N, Ferlatte O, Bertrand K, Desgrées du Loû A, Jenkins E, Jauffret-Roustide M, Knight R. Moderation of the association between COVID-19-related income loss and depression by receipt of financial support: Repeated cross-sectional surveys of young adults in Canada and France (2020-2021). SSM Popul Health 2023; 21:101340. [PMID: 36644570 PMCID: PMC9832713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2023.101340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background To mitigate the adverse effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on financial resources, governments and family/friends mobilized financial support interventions (e.g., emergency aid funds) and assistance. However, little is known about how financial assistance alleviated mental health problems. This study aimed to investigate the moderating effect of financial support from the government or from family/friends on the association between income loss and depression among young adults. Methods Two online cross-sectional surveys among young adults ages 18-29 living in Canada and France were conducted in 2020 (n = 4,511) and 2021 (n = 3,329). Moderate-to-severe depressive symptoms were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (cut-off score: ≥10). Two logistic regression models were performed for each survey with an interaction term between income loss and financial support (government or family/friends modeled separately), controlling for demographics. Results Overall, half reported depressive symptoms (2020/2021: 53.5%/45.6%), and over a third lost income (2020/2021: 10.2%/11.6% all income, 37.7%/21.6% some income). In 2020, 40.6% received government financial support (17.7% in 2021) while family/friends support was received by 12% (in both surveys). In both surveys, among those who received governmental financial support, income loss was associated with depression, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) 1.75, 95% Confidence Interval [1.29-2.44]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.45 [1.17-1.81]). However, among those who received family/friends financial support, income loss was no longer significantly associated with depression in both cycles, whether participants lost all their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.37 [0.78-2.40]), or some of their income (e.g., 2020: AOR 1.31 [0.86-1.99]). Conclusions Association between income loss and depression was moderated by receipt of family/friends financial support but not by receipt of government financial support. Financial support interventions may help to mitigate the negative effects of income loss on young adults mental health during periods of economic crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-julien Coulaud
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Corresponding author. British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, 400-1045, Howe St, Vancouver, BC V6Z 2A9, Canada.
| | - Travis Salway
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada,British Columbia Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Jesson
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Naseeb Bolduc
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Olivier Ferlatte
- École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Centre de Recherche en Santé Publique, Université de Montréal et CIUSSS du Centre-Sud-de-l’Île-de-Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Karine Bertrand
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Longueuil, Québec, Canada
| | - Annabel Desgrées du Loû
- Centre Population et Développement, Université Paris Cité, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Emily Jenkins
- School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Jauffret-Roustide
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre d'Étude des Mouvements Sociaux (EHESS/CNRS UMR8044/INSERM U1276), Paris, France,Baldy Center on Law and Social Policy, Buffalo University, NY, USA
| | - Rod Knight
- British Columbia Centre on Substance Use, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,Centre for Gender and Sexual Health Equity, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada,École de Santé Publique de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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96
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El Khoury-Malhame M, Sfeir M, Hallit S, Sawma T. Factors associated with posttraumatic growth: gratitude, PTSD and distress; one year into the COVID-19 pandemic in Lebanon. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2023; 43:1-10. [PMID: 36684466 PMCID: PMC9838499 DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-04159-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Almost one year since the COVID-19 was declared a global pandemic, mental distress remains elevated with high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Yet studies suggest these challenging circumstances might be conducive of post-traumatic growth (PTG). This study aims to investigate the factors associated with growth after the original trauma. A sample of 252 Lebanese adults filled an online survey to determine levels of PTG, PTSD and gratitude using validated self-rating scales. Participants also subjectively evaluated the sources of their distress such as the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beirut port explosion and/or their deteriorating financials. The PTGi-SF evaluated dimensions of growth while the IES-R_22 measured the degree of distress post-trauma. The GQ-6 was used to measure the proneness to experience gratitude daily. Results indicated 41% of participants scored above the cutoff for PTSD symptomatology. Yet, PTSD was positively correlated, alongside gratitude and accumulated subjective distress, with higher levels of PTG. A forward linear regression taking PTG scores as the dependent variable further showed that more gratitude (Beta = 0.57), a higher impact of events (Beta = 0.16), and knowing anyone who died from COVID-19 (Beta = 3.93) were significantly associated with more growth. The study highlights elevated levels of PTSD symptoms in a context of a global pandemic worsened by financial and socio-political instabilities. It mostly identifies personal factors, including high initial symptomatology post-trauma and gratitude, related to the capacity for growth in spite of these accumulating hardships. As such, it advocates the need to investigate and bolster silver linings amidst unprecedented traumas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam El Khoury-Malhame
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Michel Sfeir
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Souheil Hallit
- School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon
- Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
- Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Toni Sawma
- Department of Social and Education Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
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97
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MacDonald HZ. Risk and resilience factors associated with college students' psychological distress and PTSD symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic. JOURNAL OF AMERICAN COLLEGE HEALTH : J OF ACH 2023:1-15. [PMID: 36595583 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2022.2155053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: College students are experiencing pronounced mental health difficulties as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. Little is known, however, about underlying risk and resilience factors contributing to students' psychological health during this time. The current study examined mindfulness, resilience, coping, emotion regulation, and daily hassles as possible predictors of COVID-19 concern, psychological distress, and PTSD symptoms in a sample of college students. Participants: One hundred and thirty-five undergraduate college students participated in this study during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Participants completed a series of self-report questionnaires. Results: Risk and resilience factor hierarchical regression models were run separately to predict the three outcomes. Daily hassles, ethnicity, and first-generation college student status predicted greater COVID-19 concern; daily hassles and difficulties with emotion regulation predicted greater psychological distress; daily hassles, difficulties with emotion regulation, avoidant coping, and problem-focused coping positively predicted PTSD symptoms. Acting with awareness mindfulness and continuing-generation college student status predicted lower COVID-19 concern; acting with awareness mindfulness, nonjudging mindfulness, and resilience predicted lower psychological distress; acting with awareness mindfulness, nonjudging mindfulness, and resilience also predicted lower PTSD symptomatology. Conclusions: Identifying underlying factors associated with college students' mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic may facilitate the development and implementation of targeted preventative interventions aimed at promoting well-being in this uniquely vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Z MacDonald
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Emmanuel College, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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98
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Nowak Z, Gawlik J, Wędrychowicz A, Nazim J, Starzyk JB. The incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a single-centre experience. Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab 2023; 29:22-29. [PMID: 36200795 PMCID: PMC10226457 DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2022.119944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. Because acute glycaemic com-plications account for most concerns in the management of T1DM in children, special attention during the challenging time of the global COVID-19 pandemic is required to prevent deteriorations resulting in acute hospitalization. AIM OF THE STUDY is to assess how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the incidence and causes of acute hospitalizations and emergency room visits in adolescents with established type 1 diabetes mellitus, and to characterize the admitted population. MATERIAL AND METHODS The study was conducted as a retrospective evaluation of acute hospitalizations of 39 T1DM patients between 15 and 17 years of age in the period 2018-2021. RESULTS No difference was noted in the incidence of acute hospitalizations and DKA or the biochemical parameters of adolescents with T1DM between the pre-COVID (23 patients in 2018-2019) and COVID period (16 patients in 2020-2021). It is, howev-er, worth underlying that 6/11 (55%) patients hospitalised in 2021 experienced diabetes deterioration as a result of emo-tional distress - a phenomenon that was not present in the pre-COVID era. After excluding of the hospitalizations due to psy-chosocial causes, a significant decrease in the number of acute hospitalizations in the COVID period was observed. CONCLUSIONS We suppose that increased parental supervision during the pandemic might have prevented some of the episodes of severe disease decompensation, but this was masked by the sharp increase in hospitalizations due to emotional distress. Our data confirmed that psycho-emotional status is an important factor in the treatment of T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzanna Nowak
- Student Scientific Society at the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Gawlik
- Student Scientific Society at the Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Wędrychowicz
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Poland
| | - Joanna Nazim
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Poland
| | - Jerzy B. Starzyk
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Pediatric Institute, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, University Children’s Hospital in Krakow, Poland
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99
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Heumann E, Helmer SM, Busse H, Negash S, Horn J, Pischke CR, Niephaus Y, Stock C. Anxiety and depressive symptoms of German university students 20 months after the COVID-19 outbreak - A cross-sectional study. J Affect Disord 2023; 320:568-575. [PMID: 36220498 PMCID: PMC9547656 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Given the long duration of the COVID-19 pandemic, monitoring mental health remains important. This study aimed to determine (1) the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among university students 20 months after the first COVID-19 restrictions and (2) which factors were associated with these outcomes. METHODS The cross-sectional COVID-19 German Student Well-being Study (C19 GSWS) collected data of 7025 students at five German universities. Associations between anxiety and depressive symptoms with sociodemographic and other factors were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 23.9 years (SD = 4.9), 67 % were female and 31 % male. The prevalence for depressive symptoms was 29 % (PHQ-2) and 12 % (CES-D 8) and 32 % for anxiety. A complicated relationship status, the lack of a trusted person, and financial difficulties were associated with anxiety and depressive symptoms. University students who were worried about (re-) infection with COVID-19 had a 1.37-times higher chance for reporting anxiety (GAD-2: OR, 95 % CI: 1.09-1.71). Those with pre-existing cardiovascular health conditions had an up to 3.21-times higher chance for reporting depressive symptoms (OR, CESD-D 8, 95 % CI: 1.44-7.14). LIMITATIONS The study design is cross-sectional and uses self-reported outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Concepts for prevention and counselling to tackle mental health problems in students are needed and programmes should take specific stressors related to the pandemic into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen Heumann
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Heide Busse
- Department Prevention and Evaluation, Leibniz-Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology-BIPS, Bremen, Germany
| | - Sarah Negash
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Horn
- Institute for Medical Epidemiology, Biometrics and Informatics, Interdisciplinary Center for Health Sciences, Medical School of the Martin-Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia R Pischke
- Institute of Medical, Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yasemin Niephaus
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany
| | - Christiane Stock
- Institute of Health and Nursing Science, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Unit for Health Promotion Research, University of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
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100
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Offiong A, Willis K, Smith BD, Lewis Q, Portee-Mason D, Glover D, Burton M, Powell TW. Maintaining Community-engaged Research with Young People in A Virtual setting. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2023; 17:329-337. [PMID: 37462561 PMCID: PMC10570908 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.2023.a900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Partnering with young people to conduct research is fundamental to community mobilization. Recent restrictions on in-person interactions and engagement presented limitations for continued partnership with young people. OBJECTIVE To present a practical strategy and lessons learned to facilitate community-engaged research with youth in a virtual setting. METHODS Based on youth engagement tenets, the TEAM (tailor the compensation package, ensure meetings are accessible, accommodate personal needs, and maintain the structure of in-person meetings) strategy was used to adapt the partnership to a virtual setting. LESSONS LEARNED Three lessons are discussed 1) the importance of maintaining social connectedness, 2) maximizing flexibility, and 3) focusing on creativity and competency building. CONCLUSIONS The COVID pandemic forced researchers to rethink previous engagement practices that relied heavily on in-person interactions to be sustainable. The TEAM strategy is one way to successfully adapt practices and engage young people in virtual settings.
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