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Abstract
PURPOSE There are several clinical areas where psychological well-being may play an important role: the assessment of the dynamic balance between ill-being and well-being; reduction of incidence, prevention of recurrence and achievement of full recovery in psychiatric disorders such as depression; patient's satisfaction and perceived change after treatment. The aim of this article is to discuss the clinical role of Well-Being Therapy (WBT). MATERIALS AND METHODS A critical review of the literature concerned with psychological well-being and its treatment was performed. WBT is a short-term psychotherapeutic strategy that emphasizes self-observation of psychological well-being, with the use of a structured diary, cognitive restructuring of interfering thoughts and/or behaviors through cognitive behavioral techniques, and homework assignments (i.e. pursuing optimal experiences). WBT is based on a multidimensional model of psychological well-being that was originally developed by Marie Jahoda and it is aimed at achieving a state of euthymia. RESULTS WBT has been validated in a number of randomized controlled trials. The sequential combination of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) and WBT has mainly characterized its use so far. Illustration of a clinical case exemplifies its application and the potential role of psychological well-being in the clinical process. CONCLUSIONS Even though more randomized controlled trials concerned with WBT are needed, consideration of psychological well-being may unravel innovative approaches to the prevention, assessment and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Guidi
- a Department of Psychology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Chiara Rafanelli
- a Department of Psychology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy
| | - Giovanni A Fava
- a Department of Psychology , University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy.,b Department of Psychiatry , State University of New York at Buffalo , Buffalo , New York , USA
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Chakhssi F, Kraiss JT, Sommers-Spijkerman M, Bohlmeijer ET. The effect of positive psychology interventions on well-being and distress in clinical samples with psychiatric or somatic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:211. [PMID: 29945603 PMCID: PMC6020379 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1739-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although positive psychology interventions (PPIs) show beneficial effects on mental health in non-clinical populations, the current literature is inconclusive regarding its effectiveness in clinical settings. We aimed to examine the effects of PPIs on well-being (primary outcome), depression, anxiety, and stress (secondary outcomes) in clinical samples with psychiatric or somatic disorders. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. PsycINFO, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for controlled studies of PPIs in clinical samples between Jan 1, 1998 and May 31, 2017. Methodological quality of each study was rated. We used Hedges' adjusted g to calculate effect sizes and pooled results using random-effect models. RESULTS Thirty studies were included, representing 1864 patients with clinical disorders. At post-intervention, PPIs showed significant, small effect sizes for well-being (Hedges' g = 0.24) and depression (g = 0.23) compared to control conditions when omitting outliers. Significant moderate improvements were observed for anxiety (g = 0.36). Effect sizes for stress were not significant. Follow-up effects (8-12 weeks), when available, yielded similar effect sizes. Quality of the studies was low to moderate. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that PPIs, wherein the focus is on eliciting positive feelings, cognitions or behaviors, not only have the potential to improve well-being, but can also reduce distress in populations with clinical disorders. Given the growing interest for PPIs in clinical settings, more high quality research is warranted as to determine the effectiveness of PPIs in clinical samples. TRIAL REGISTRATION PROSPERO CRD42016037451.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farid Chakhssi
- Scelta, GGNet, Apeldoorn, The Netherlands. .,Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Jannis T. Kraiss
- 0000 0004 0399 8953grid.6214.1Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Sommers-Spijkerman
- 0000 0004 0399 8953grid.6214.1Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst T. Bohlmeijer
- 0000 0004 0399 8953grid.6214.1Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health, and Technology, University of Twente, PO Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands
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van Erp Taalman Kip RM, Hutschemaekers GJM. Health, well-being, and psychopathology in a clinical population: Structure and discriminant validity of Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF). J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:1719-1729. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Antoine P, Dauvier B, Andreotti E, Congard A. Individual differences in the effects of a positive psychology intervention: Applied psychology. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2017.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Halstead E, Ekas N, Hastings RP, Griffith GM. Associations Between Resilience and the Well-Being of Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Other Developmental Disabilities. J Autism Dev Disord 2018; 48:1108-1121. [DOI: 10.1007/s10803-017-3447-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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56
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Pozza A, Lochner C, Ferretti F, Cuomo A, Coluccia A. Does higher severity really correlate with a worse quality of life in obsessive-compulsive disorder? A meta-regression. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1013-1023. [PMID: 29713171 PMCID: PMC5909794 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s157125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is one of the leading causes of disability and reduced quality of life (QOL), with impairment in a number of domains. However, there is a paucity of literature on the association between severity of OCD symptoms and QOL, and the data that do exist are inconsistent. In addition, the role of severity in QOL has not been summarized as yet from a cross-generational perspective (ie, across childhood/adolescence and adulthood). Through meta-regression techniques, the current study summarized evidence about the moderator role of severity of OCD symptoms on differences in global QOL between individuals with OCD and controls. METHODS Online databases were searched, and cross-sectional case-control studies comparing participants of all ages with OCD with controls on self-report QOL measures were included. Random-effect meta-regression techniques were used to comment on the role of illness severity in global QOL in individuals with OCD. RESULTS Thirteen studies were included. A positive significant association emerged between OCD severity and effect sizes on global QOL: in samples with higher severity, there were narrower differences in QOL between patients with OCD and controls than in samples with lower severity. Such positive association was confirmed by a sensitivity analysis conducted on studies including only adults, where the difference in QOL ratings between patients and controls was significantly narrower when OCD severity was higher. Conversely, a negative association between severity and QOL was found in those studies including only children/adolescents, where the difference in QOL was significantly larger between patients and controls when OCD severity was higher. CONCLUSION QOL remains an important issue to address in the management of OCD in all age groups, irrespective of illness severity. Even in those with lower severity ratings, QOL may be considered as an important marker of treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pozza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Christine Lochner
- SU/UCT MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Fabio Ferretti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Cuomo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Siena School of Medicine and Department of Mental Health, University of Siena Medical Center (AOUS), Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Coluccia
- Department of Medical Sciences, Surgery and Neurosciences, Santa Maria alle Scotte University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Yen S, Ranney ML, Tezanos KM, Chuong A, Kahler CW, Solomon JB, Spirito A. Skills to Enhance Positivity in Suicidal Adolescents: Results From an Open Development Trial. Behav Modif 2017; 43:202-221. [PMID: 29258328 DOI: 10.1177/0145445517748559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
"Skills to Enhance Positivity" (STEP) is a two-part positive affect program designed to decrease recurrent suicidal behavior in adolescents hospitalized due to suicide risk. Here, we describe the initial pilot phase in which the intervention was developed and modified based on a sample of 20 adolescent participants, aged 12 to 18 years old ( Mage = 15.9, SD = 1.5). STEP consisted of an in-person phase (four sessions) and a remote delivery phase (text messaging and phone calls). The inpatient sessions focused on psychoeducation of positive affect, mindfulness meditation, gratitude, and savoring. The remote delivery phase comprised of weekly phone calls and daily text messages to enhance mood monitoring and skills practice reminders. Average session attendance was 81%, and mean daily response rate to text messages was 73.6%, demonstrating high engagement. STEP was described as good or excellent by over 90% of parents and 100% of adolescents. Only one participant had a suicide attempt, and five were readmitted for suicidality in the following 6 months, fewer than comparable naturalistic studies. Although preliminary results are promising, larger randomized trials are needed to determine the efficacy of STEP in reducing suicidal behaviors.
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58
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Skomorovsky A. Deployment Stress and Well-Being Among Military Spouses: The Role of Social Support. MILITARY PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1037/mil0000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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de Vos JA, LaMarre A, Radstaak M, Bijkerk CA, Bohlmeijer ET, Westerhof GJ. Identifying fundamental criteria for eating disorder recovery: a systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. J Eat Disord 2017; 5:34. [PMID: 29118983 PMCID: PMC5664841 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-017-0164-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outcome studies for eating disorders regularly measure pathology change or remission as the only outcome. Researchers, patients and recovered individuals highlight the importance of using additional criteria for measuring eating disorder recovery. There is no clear consensus on which additional criteria are most fundamental. Studies focusing on the perspectives of recovered patients show criteria which are closely related to dimensions of positive functioning as conceptualized in the complete mental health model. The aim of this study was to identify fundamental criteria for eating disorder recovery according to recovered individuals. METHODS A systematic review and a qualitative meta-analytic approach were used. Eighteen studies with recovered individuals and meeting various quality criteria were included. The result sections of the included papers were searched for themes that were stated as criteria for recovery or 'being recovered'. All themes were analyzed using a meta-summary technique. Themes were labeled into criteria for recovery and the frequency of the found criteria was examined. RESULTS In addition to the remission of eating disorder pathology, dimensions of psychological well-being and self-adaptability/resilience were found to be fundamental criteria for eating disorder recovery. The most frequently mentioned criteria were: self-acceptance, positive relationships, personal growth, decrease in eating disorder behavior/cognitions, self-adaptability/resilience and autonomy. CONCLUSIONS People who have recovered rate psychological well-being as a central criterion for ED recovery in addition to the remission of eating disorder symptoms. Supplementary criteria, besides symptom remission, are needed to measure recovery. We recommend including measurements of psychological well-being and self-adaptability/resilience in future research, such as outcome studies and in routine outcome measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Alexander de Vos
- Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, University of Twente, Psychology, Health, & Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Human Concern Foundation, center for Eating Disorders, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea LaMarre
- University of Guelph, Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mirjam Radstaak
- Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, University of Twente, Psychology, Health, & Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ernst T. Bohlmeijer
- Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, University of Twente, Psychology, Health, & Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University (VTC), Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
| | - Gerben J. Westerhof
- Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, University of Twente, Psychology, Health, & Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Ly KH, Ly AM, Andersson G. A fully automated conversational agent for promoting mental well-being: A pilot RCT using mixed methods. Internet Interv 2017; 10:39-46. [PMID: 30135751 PMCID: PMC6084875 DOI: 10.1016/j.invent.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fully automated self-help interventions can serve as highly cost-effective mental health promotion tools for massive amounts of people. However, these interventions are often characterised by poor adherence. One way to address this problem is to mimic therapy support by a conversational agent. The objectives of this study were to assess the effectiveness and adherence of a smartphone app, delivering strategies used in positive psychology and CBT interventions via an automated chatbot (Shim) for a non-clinical population - as well as to explore participants' views and experiences of interacting with this chatbot. A total of 28 participants were randomized to either receive the chatbot intervention (n = 14) or to a wait-list control group (n = 14). Findings revealed that participants who adhered to the intervention (n = 13) showed significant interaction effects of group and time on psychological well-being (FS) and perceived stress (PSS-10) compared to the wait-list control group, with small to large between effect sizes (Cohen's d range 0.14-1.06). Also, the participants showed high engagement during the 2-week long intervention, with an average open app ratio of 17.71 times for the whole period. This is higher compared to other studies on fully automated interventions claiming to be highly engaging, such as Woebot and the Panoply app. The qualitative data revealed sub-themes which, to our knowledge, have not been found previously, such as the moderating format of the chatbot. The results of this study, in particular the good adherence rate, validated the usefulness of replicating this study in the future with a larger sample size and an active control group. This is important, as the search for fully automated, yet highly engaging and effective digital self-help interventions for promoting mental health is crucial for the public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Hoa Ly
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Corresponding author.
| | - Ann-Marie Ly
- Department of Psychology, Mittuniversitetet, Östersund, Sweden
| | - Gerhard Andersson
- Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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61
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Garcia D, Granjard A, Lundblad S, Archer T. A dark past, a restrained present, and an apocalyptic future: time perspective, personality, and life satisfaction among anorexia nervosa patients. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3801. [PMID: 28929023 PMCID: PMC5600947 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reporting low levels of well-being, anorexia nervosa patients express temperament traits (e.g., extraversion and persistence) necessary for high levels of life satisfaction. Nevertheless, among individuals without eating disorders, a balanced organization of the flow of time, influences life satisfaction beyond temperamental dispositions. A balanced time perspective is defined as: high past positive, low past negative, high present hedonistic, low present fatalistic, and high future. We investigated differences in time perspective dimensions, personality traits, and life satisfaction between anorexia nervosa patients and matched controls. We also investigated if the personality traits and the outlook on time associated to positive levels of life satisfaction among controls also predicted anorexia patients' life satisfaction. Additionally, we investigated if time perspective dimensions predicted life satisfaction beyond personality traits among both patients and controls. METHOD A total of 88 anorexia nervosa patients from a clinic in the West of Sweden and 111 gender-age matched controls from a university in the West of Sweden participated in the Study. All participants responded to the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory, the Ten Item Personality Inventory, and the Temporal Satisfaction with Life Scale. RESULTS A t-test showed that patients scored higher in the past negative, the present fatalistic, and the future dimensions, lower in the past positive and the present hedonistic dimensions, higher in conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness, and lower in life satisfaction. Regression analyses showed that life satisfaction was predicted by openness to experience and emotional stability for controls and by emotional stability among patients. When time dimensions were entered in the regression, emotional stability and the past negative and past positive time dimensions predicted life satisfaction among controls, but only the past positive and present hedonistic time dimensions predicted life satisfaction among patients. CONCLUSION Anorexia patients were less satisfied with life despite being more conscientious, social, and agreeable than controls. Moreover, compared to controls, patients had an unbalanced time perspective: a dark view of the past (i.e., high past negative), a restrained present (i.e., low present hedonistic) and an apocalyptic view of the future (i.e., high present fatalistic). It is plausible to suggest that, therapeutic interventions should focus on empowering patients to cultivate a sentimental and positive view of the past (i.e., high past positive) and the desire to experience pleasure without concern for future consequences (i.e., high present hedonistic) so that they can make self-directed and flexible choices for their own well-being. Such interventions might have effects on life satisfaction beyond the patients' temperamental disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Garcia
- Blekinge Centre of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
- Department of Psychology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Alexandre Granjard
- Blekinge Centre of Competence, Blekinge County Council, Karlskrona, Sweden
| | - Suzanna Lundblad
- Psychiatry Affective, Anorexia & Bulimia Clinic for Adults, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being, Sweden
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Lorenzo-Luaces L, Driessen E, DeRubeis RJ, Van HL, Keefe JR, Hendriksen M, Dekker J. Moderation of the Alliance-Outcome Association by Prior Depressive Episodes: Differential Effects in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Short-Term Psychodynamic Supportive Psychotherapy. Behav Ther 2017; 48:581-595. [PMID: 28711109 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2016.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have suggested that the association between the alliance and depression improvement varies as a function of prior history of depression. We sought to replicate these findings and extend them to short-term psychodynamic supportive psychotherapy (SPSP) in a sample of patients who were randomized to one of these treatments and were administered the Helping Alliance Questionnaire (N=282) at Week 5 of treatment. Overall, the alliance was a predictor of symptom change (d=0.33). In SPSP, the alliance was a modest but robust predictor of change, irrespective of prior episodes (d=0.25-0.33). By contrast, in CBT, the effects of the alliance on symptom change were large for patients with 0 prior episodes (d=0.86), moderate for those with 1 prior episode (d=0.49), and small for those with 2+ prior episodes (d=0.12). These findings suggest a complex interaction between patient features and common vs. specific therapy processes. In CBT, the alliance relates to change for patients with less recurrent depression whereas other CBT-specific processes may account for change for patients with more recurrent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jack Dekker
- VU University Amsterdam, Arkin Mental Health Care, Amsterdam
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63
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Rao SK, Wallace LMK, Theou O, Rockwood K. Is it better to be happy or not depressed? Depression mediates the effect of psychological well-being on adverse health outcomes in older adults. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2017; 32:1000-1008. [PMID: 27524809 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between psychological well-being and depression in older adults and the relative contribution these psychological factors have on risk of functional disability, frailty, and mortality. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of 1668 community-dwelling older adults without dementia who participated in the second wave of the Canadian Study of Health and Aging. Baseline assessments of psychological well-being (Ryff scale) and depression (Geriatric Depression Scale; GDS) were collected. At 5-year follow-up, mortality data were collected; frailty and disability in activities of daily living were evaluated using the frailty index (FI) and the Lawton-Brody scale, respectively. RESULTS Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve indicated that GDS and Ryff scores were able to independently discriminate whether individuals were considered frail (C = 0.66; C = 0.59, respectively), had limitations in basic (C = 0.64; C = 0.57, respectively) or instrumental (C = 0.70; C = 0.57, respectively) activities of daily living, or had died (C = 0.63; C = 0.57) at follow-up (all P < 0.01). Regression models in which the Ryff and GDS were included in the same model demonstrated that the GDS significantly predicted frailty, disability, and mortality, whereas the Ryff effect was not significant. Mediation analysis determined that the effect of psychological well-being on adverse outcomes was fully mediated by depression. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that although both depression and psychological well-being appear to modulate risk for adverse physical health outcomes, depression mediates this relationship. Detecting and treating depressive symptoms should be of high priority in older patients to mitigate risk of future physical health adversities including mortality. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Rao
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.,The Royal Ottawa Mental Health Centre, Ottawa, Canada
| | - L M K Wallace
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - O Theou
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - K Rockwood
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.,Centre for Health Care of the Elderly, Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, Canada
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Gorlin EI, Lee J, Otto MW. A topographical map approach to representing treatment efficacy: a focus on positive psychology interventions. Cogn Behav Ther 2017; 47:34-42. [PMID: 28758545 DOI: 10.1080/16506073.2017.1342173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A recent meta-analysis by Bolier et al. indicated that positive psychology interventions have overall small to moderate effects on well-being, but results were quite heterogeneous across intervention trials. Such meta-analytic research helps condense information on the efficacy of a broad psychosocial intervention by averaging across many effects; however, such global averages may provide limited navigational guidance for selecting among specific interventions. Here, we introduce a novel method for displaying qualitative and quantitative information on the efficacy of interventions using a topographical map approach. As an initial prototype for demonstrating this method, we mapped 50 positive psychology interventions targeting well-being (as captured in the Bolier et al. [2013] meta-analysis, [Bolier, L., Haverman, M., Westerhof, G. J., Riper, H., Smit, F., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2013). Positive psychology interventions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health, 13, 83]). Each intervention domain/subdomain was mapped according to its average effect size (indexed by vertical elevation), number of studies providing effect sizes (indexed by horizontal area), and therapist/client burden (indexed by shading). The geographical placement of intervention domains/subdomains was determined by their conceptual proximity, allowing viewers to gauge the general conceptual "direction" in which promising intervention effects can be found. The resulting graphical displays revealed several prominent features of the well-being intervention "landscape," such as more strongly and uniformly positive effects of future-focused interventions (including, goal-pursuit and optimism training) compared to past/present-focused ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia I Gorlin
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , 648 Beacon St., #6, Boston , MA 02215 , USA
| | - Josephine Lee
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , 648 Beacon St., #6, Boston , MA 02215 , USA
| | - Michael W Otto
- a Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences , Boston University , 648 Beacon St., #6, Boston , MA 02215 , USA
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Browne J, Penn DL, Meyer-Kalos PS, Mueser KT, Estroff SE, Brunette MF, Correll CU, Robinson J, Rosenheck RA, Schooler N, Robinson DG, Addington J, Marcy P, Kane JM. Psychological well-being and mental health recovery in the NIMH RAISE early treatment program. Schizophr Res 2017; 185:167-172. [PMID: 27913160 PMCID: PMC5612365 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recovery-oriented practices that promote client-centered care, collaboration, and functional outcome have been recommended to improve treatment engagement, especially for individuals with serious mental illness (SMI). Psychological well-being (PWB) is related to recovery and refers to experiencing purpose and meaning in life through realizing one's potential. The recently completed Recovery After an Initial Schizophrenia Episode Early Treatment Program (RAISE ETP) study sought to improve quality of life, functional outcome, and well-being in individuals with first episode psychosis (FEP). Therefore, the primary aims of the present analysis were: 1) to examine the impact of treatment on PWB and mental health recovery trajectories, 2) to examine the impact of duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) on these outcomes, and 3) to examine the relationships among these outcomes and quality of life. Multilevel modeling was used given the nested data structure. Results revealed that PWB and mental health recovery improved over the course of the 2-year treatment; there were no significant treatment differences. In addition, DUP was associated with the Positive Relationships and Environmental Mastery dimensions of PWB. Finally, PWB, mental health recovery, and quality of life were all significantly correlated at baseline while controlling for depressive symptoms. Overall, the findings indicate that PWB and mental health recovery can improve in FEP, are related to yet distinct from quality of life, and that DUP may play a role in certain facets of these constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Browne
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - David L Penn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Australian Catholic University, School of Psychology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Piper S Meyer-Kalos
- Minnesota Center for Chemical and Mental Health, University of Minnesota School of Social Work, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kim T Mueser
- Center for Psychiatric Rehabilitation and Departments of Occupational Therapy, Psychology, & Psychiatry, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sue E Estroff
- Department of Social Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mary F Brunette
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA; Bureau of Behavioral Health, DHHS, Concord, NH, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bronx, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Nina Schooler
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Department of Psychiatry, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Delbert G Robinson
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jean Addington
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Patricia Marcy
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
| | - John M Kane
- The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Psychiatry Research, North Shore - Long Island Jewish Health System, Glen Oaks, NY, USA; Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Departments of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA; Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Bronx, NY, USA
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Celano CM, Beale EE, Mastromauro CA, Stewart JG, Millstein RA, Auerbach RP, Bedoya CA, Huffman JC. Psychological interventions to reduce suicidality in high-risk patients with major depression: a randomized controlled trial. Psychol Med 2017; 47:810-821. [PMID: 27876105 PMCID: PMC5340604 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291716002798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive psychological constructs have been associated with reduced suicidal ideation, and interventions to cultivate positive feelings have the potential to reduce suicide risk. This study compares the efficacy of a 6-week, telephone-based positive psychology (PP) intervention against a cognition-focused (CF) control intervention among patients recently hospitalized for depression and suicidal ideation or behavior. METHOD A total of 65 adults with a current major depressive episode reporting suicidal ideation or a recent suicide attempt were enrolled from participating in-patient psychiatric units. Prior to discharge, participants were randomized to the PP (n = 32) or CF (n = 33) intervention. In both interventions, participants received a treatment manual, performed weekly PP (e.g. gratitude letter) or CF (e.g. recalling daily events) exercises, and completed weekly one-on-one telephone sessions over 6 weeks. Between-group differences in hopelessness (primary outcome), depression, suicidality and positive psychological constructs at 6 and 12 weeks were tested using mixed-effects models accounting for intensity of post-hospitalization psychiatric treatment. RESULTS Compared with PP, the CF intervention was associated with significantly greater improvements in hopelessness at 6 weeks (β = -3.15, 95% confidence interval -6.18 to -0.12, effect size = -0.84, p = 0.04), but not 12 weeks. Similarly, the CF intervention led to greater improvements in depression, suicidal ideation, optimism and gratitude at 6 and 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our hypothesis, the CF intervention was superior to PP in improving hopelessness, other suicide risk factors and positive psychological constructs during a key post-discharge period among suicidal patients with depression. Further study of this CF intervention is warranted in populations at high suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Celano
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E. E. Beale
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C. A. Mastromauro
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. G. Stewart
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - R. A. Millstein
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R. P. Auerbach
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - C. A. Bedoya
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. C. Huffman
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Turning lemonade into lemons: Dampening appraisals reduce positive affect and increase negative affect during positive activity scheduling. Behav Res Ther 2017; 91:91-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ryff CD. Eudaimonic well-being, inequality, and health: Recent findings and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 64:159-178. [PMID: 29057014 DOI: 10.1007/s12232-017-0277-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The theoretical and philosophical underpinnings of a eudaimonic model of well-being are examined and its empirical translation into distinct dimensions of well-being is described. Empirical findings have documented aging declines in eudaimonic well-being, but there is considerable variability within age groups. Among older adults who remain purposefully engaged, health benefits (reduced morbidity, extended longevity) have been documented. Eudaimonic well-being also appears to offer a protective buffer against increased health risk among the educationally disadvantaged. Neural and genetic mechanisms that may underlie eudaimonic influences on health are briefly noted, and interventions designed to promote eudaimonic well-being are sketched. Needed future research directions include addressing problems of unjust societies wherein greed among privileged elites may be a force compromising the eudaimonic well-being of those less privileged. Alternatively, and more positive in focus, is the need to better understand the role of the arts, broadly defined, in promoting eudaimonic well-being across all segments of society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol D Ryff
- Institute on Aging/Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1300 University Ave., 2245 MSC, Madison, WI 53706,
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69
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Vescovelli F, Albieri E, Ruini C. Positive Narrative Therapy for an Unspecified Eating Disorder: A Child Case Report. Clin Case Stud 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1534650117698799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A new sequential multicomponent treatment (cognitive behavioral therapy followed by well-being-enhancing narrative strategies) was applied for an unspecified eating disorder in a 10-year-old boy for reducing symptoms and improving well-being. Both distress and well-being were assessed with self and observer ratings at baseline, posttreatment, and 3-, 6-, 12-month follow-up. An ABA design was used and reliable change indexes were calculated as outcome measures. This new sequential psychotherapeutic approach, which integrated standard cognitive behavioral therapy with narrative strategies addressed at promoting well-being in a child patient diagnosed with an unspecified eating disorder, was able to reduce symptoms and to foster his resources and positive behaviors. The patient himself, his parents, and teachers confirmed these improvements. This case report shows the clinical usefulness of a new sequential psychotherapeutic approach for treating an unspecified eating disorder in a child. It provides psychotherapists with relevant clinical implications concerning the emotional and interpersonal dimensions involved in this disabling condition.
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Fava GA. Well-Being Therapy: Current Indications and Emerging Perspectives. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2017; 85:136-45. [PMID: 27043240 DOI: 10.1159/000444114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni A Fava
- Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, N.Y., USA
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71
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Moeenizadeh M, Zarif H. The Efficacy of Well-Being Therapy for Depression in Infertile Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 10:363-370. [PMID: 28042417 PMCID: PMC5134752 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.5087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infertility is a major public health problem with physical, psychological and social dimensions. High prevalence of psychological problems has been reported in infertile women. The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of well- being therapy (WBT) for depression in infertile women who were referred to an infertility center in Mashhad, Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS This preliminary trial was conducted at the Montasariya Infertility Center, Mashhad, Iran, between July and October 2011. A group of 22 infertile women were randomly assigned into experimental (n=11) and control groups (n=11). Patients were assessed with two self-rating inventories including the Psychological Well- being (PWB) and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) before and after the interventions and the waiting-list period. WBT was performed in 8 to 10 sessions according to the published protocol. RESULTS Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) showed a significant difference regarding the depression scores of experimental group between preand post-treatment as compared to control subjects. CONCLUSION The results suggested the feasibility and clinical advantages of adding WBT to repertoire of the treatment techniques for depression in infertile women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Moeenizadeh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Haniyeh Zarif
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
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Ryff CD, Heller AS, Schaefer SM, van Reekum C, Davidson RJ. Purposeful Engagement, Healthy Aging, and the Brain. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016; 3:318-327. [PMID: 28534002 DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0096-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Research on psychological well-being in later life has identified strengths and vulnerabilities that occur with aging. We review the conceptual and philosophical foundations of a eudaimonic model of well-being and its empirical translation into six key dimensions of positive functioning. We also consider its implications for health, broadly defined. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous findings from national longitudinal samples of U.S. adults are described. They show declining scores on purpose in life and personal growth with aging, but also underscore the notable variability among older persons in these patterns. Recently, health benefits have been identified among older adults who maintain high levels of a particular aspect of well-being, namely, purposeful life engagement. These benefits include extended longevity, reduced risk for various disease outcomes, reduced physiological dysregulation, and gene expression linked to better inflammatory profiles. The brain mechanisms that underlie such outcomes are also examined via a focus on affective style. Adults with higher levels of purpose in life show more rapid recovery from negative stimulus provocation, whereas those with higher well-being overall show sustained activation of reward circuitry in response to positive stimuli, and this pattern is associated with lower diurnal cortisol output. Volumetric findings (right insular gray matter volume) have also been linked with eudaimonic well-being. SUMMARY Eudaimonic well-being predicts better health and longer lives, and thus constitutes an important direction for future research and practice. Intervention studies designed to promote well-being, including among those suffering from psychological disorders, are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol D Ryff
- Institute on Aging/Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison
| | | | - Stacey M Schaefer
- Psychology/Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison
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Abstract
There is growing interest in positive aspects of the stress process, including positive outcomes of stress and antecedents that dispose individuals to appraise stressful situations more as a challenge than as a threat. Less attention has been given to the adaptational significance of positive emotions during stress or to the coping processes that sustain positive emotions. We review evidence for the occurrence of positive emotions under conditions of stress, discuss the functional role that positive emotions play under such conditions, and present three types of coping that are associated with positive emotion during chronic stress. These findings point to new research questions about the role of positive emotions during stress and the nature of the coping processes that generate these positive emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Folkman
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Judith Tedlie Moskowitz
- Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California-San Francisco, San Francisco, California
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Weiss LA, Westerhof GJ, Bohlmeijer ET. Can We Increase Psychological Well-Being? The Effects of Interventions on Psychological Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158092. [PMID: 27328124 PMCID: PMC4915721 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a rapidly growing interest in psychological well-being (PWB) as outcome of interventions. Ryff developed theory-based indicators of PWB that are consistent with a eudaimonic perspective of happiness. Numerous interventions have been developed with the aim to increase PWB. However, the effects on PWB measured as coherent outcome have not been examined across studies yet. This meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions aims to answer the question whether it is possible to enhance PWB. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed in PsycINFO, Cochrane and Web of Science. To be included, studies had to be randomized controlled trials of behavioral interventions with psychological well-being as primary or secondary outcome measure, measured with either Ryff's Psychological Well-Being Scales or the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. The meta-analysis was performed using a random effects model. From the 2,298 articles found, 27 met the inclusion criteria. The included studies involved 3,579 participants. RESULTS We found a moderate effect (Cohen's d = 0.44; z = 5.62; p < .001). Heterogeneity between the studies was large (Q (26) = 134.12; p < .001; I2 = 80.62). At follow-up after two to ten months, a small but still significant effect size of 0.22 was found. There was no clear indication of publication bias. Interventions were more effective in clinical groups and when they were delivered individually. Effects were larger in studies of lower quality. CONCLUSIONS It appears to be possible to improve PWB with behavioral interventions. The results are promising for the further development and implementation of interventions to promote PWB. Delivering interventions face-to-face seems to be the most promising option. We recommend to keep including clinical groups in the research of psychological well-being. Heterogeneity is a limitation of the study and there is need for more high-quality studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. Weiss
- Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gerben J. Westerhof
- Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst T. Bohlmeijer
- Centre for eHealth and Well-being Research, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Karazsia BT, Schultz MM. Could Dissemination of Effective Psychotherapies Prevent Antidepressant Contamination of Water and Aquatic Organisms? ECOPSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1089/eco.2015.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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76
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A Comparative Study on the Efficacy of a Positive Psychology Intervention and a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Clinical Depression. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-016-9778-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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77
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Trompetter HR, Bohlmeijer ET, Lamers SMA, Schreurs KMG. Positive Psychological Wellbeing Is Required for Online Self-Help Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Chronic Pain to be Effective. Front Psychol 2016; 7:353. [PMID: 27014159 PMCID: PMC4786566 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The web-based delivery of psychosocial interventions is a promising treatment modality for people suffering from chronic pain, and other forms of physical and mental illness. Despite the promising findings of first studies, patients may vary in the benefits they draw from self-managing a full-blown web-based psychosocial treatment. We lack knowledge on moderators and predictors of change during web-based interventions that explain for whom web-based interventions are especially (in)effective. In this study, we primarily explored for which chronic pain patients web-based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was (in)effective during a large three-armed randomized controlled trial. Besides standard demographic, physical and psychosocial factors we focused on positive mental health. Data from 238 heterogeneously diagnosed chronic pain sufferers from the general Dutch population following either web-based ACT (n = 82), or one of two control conditions [web-based Expressive Writing (EW; n = 79) and Waiting List (WL; n = 77)] were analysed. ACT and EW both consisted of nine modules and lasted nine to 12 weeks. Exploratory linear regression analyses were performed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS. Pain interference at 3-month follow-up was predicted from baseline moderator (characteristics that influence the outcome of specific treatments in comparison to other treatments) and predictor (characteristics that influence outcome regardless of treatment) variables. The results showed that none of the demographic or physical characteristics moderated ACT treatment changes compared to both control conditions. The only significant moderator of change compared to both EW and WL was baseline psychological wellbeing, and pain intensity was a moderator of change compared to EW. Furthermore, higher pain interference, depression and anxiety, and also lower levels of emotional well-being predicted higher pain interference in daily life 6 months later. These results suggest that web-based self-help ACT may not be allocated to chronic pain sufferers experiencing low levels of mental resilience resources such as self-acceptance, goals in life, and environmental mastery. Other subgroups are identified that potentially need specific tailoring of (web-based) ACT. Emotional and psychological wellbeing should receive much more attention in subsequent studies on chronic pain and illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester R Trompetter
- Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Ernst T Bohlmeijer
- Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Sanne M A Lamers
- Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of Twente Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Karlein M G Schreurs
- Centre for eHealth and Wellbeing, Department of Psychology, Health and Technology, University of TwenteEnschede, Netherlands; Roessingh Research and DevelopmentEnschede, Netherlands
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Lukat J, Margraf J, Lutz R, van der Veld WM, Becker ES. Psychometric properties of the Positive Mental Health Scale (PMH-scale). BMC Psychol 2016; 4:8. [PMID: 26865173 PMCID: PMC4748628 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-016-0111-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, it has been increasingly recognized that the absence of mental disorder is not the same as the presence of positive mental health (PMH). With the PMH-scale we propose a short, unidimensional scale for the assessment of positive mental health. The scale consists of 9 Likert-type items. Methods The psychometric properties of the PMH-scale were tested in a series of six studies using samples from student (n = 5406), patient (n = 1547) and general (n = 3204) populations. Factorial structure and measurement equivalence were tested with the measurement invariance testing. The factor models were analysed with the maximum likelihood procedure. Internal consistency was examined using Cronbach’s alpha, test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity was examined by Pearson correlation. Sensitivity to (therapeutic) change was examined with the t-test. Results Results confirmed unidimensionality, scalar invariance across samples and over time, high internal consistency, good retest-reliability, good convergent and discriminant validity as well as sensitivity to therapeutic change. Conclusions These findings suggest that the PMH-Scale indeed measures a single concept and allows us to compare scores over groups and over time. The PMH-scale thus is a brief and easy to interpret instrument for measuring PMH across a large variety of relevant groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justina Lukat
- Mental Health and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany.
| | - Jürgen Margraf
- Mental Health and Treatment Center, Ruhr-University Bochum, Massenbergstraße 9-13, 44787, Bochum, Germany
| | | | | | - Eni S Becker
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Haworth CMA, Carter K, Eley TC, Plomin R. Understanding the genetic and environmental specificity and overlap between well-being and internalizing symptoms in adolescence. Dev Sci 2015; 20. [PMID: 26709037 PMCID: PMC5347864 DOI: 10.1111/desc.12376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Moderate inverse correlations are typically found between well-being and mental illness. We aimed to investigate the role of genes and environments in explaining the relationships between two aspects of well-being and two measures of internalizing symptoms. Altogether, 4700 pairs of 16-year-old twins contributed data on subjective happiness and life satisfaction, as well as symptoms of depression and emotional problems. Well-being was moderately correlated with internalizing symptoms (range = -0.45, -0.58). Multivariate twin model-fitting indicated both genetic and environmental overlap. Life satisfaction and happiness demonstrated different patterns of overlap, with stronger genetic links between life satisfaction and depression. Non-shared environmental influences were largely specific to each trait. This study supports the theory of mental health and illness being partly (but not entirely) correlated dimensions. There are also significant genetic and environmental factors to identify for well-being that go beyond the absence of mental illness. It is therefore possible that different interventions are needed for treating mental illness and promoting mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M A Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Experimental Psychology & School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK
| | - Kathryn Carter
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - Thalia C Eley
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, UK
| | - Robert Plomin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, King's College London, UK
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Ryff CD, Radler BT, Friedman EM. Persistent Psychological Well-being Predicts Improved Self-Rated Health Over 9-10 Years: Longitudinal Evidence from MIDUS. Health Psychol Open 2015. [PMID: 26617988 DOI: 10.1177/2055102915601582.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological well-being has been linked with better health, but mostly with cross-sectional evidence. Using MIDUS, a national sample of U.S. adults (N = 4,963), longitudinal profiles of well-being were used to predict in cross-time change over a 9-10 years in self-reported health. Well-being was largely stable, although adults differed in whether they had persistently high versus persistently low or moderate levels of well-being. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, those with persistently high well-being reported better health (subjective health, chronic conditions, symptoms, functional impairment) across time compared to those with persistently low well-being. Further, persistently high well-being was protective of improved health especially among the educationally disadvantaged. The findings underscore the importance of intervention and educational programs designed to promote well-being for greater segments of society.
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Johnson J, Wood AM. Integrating Positive and Clinical Psychology: Viewing Human Functioning as Continua from Positive to Negative Can Benefit Clinical Assessment, Interventions and Understandings of Resilience. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-015-9728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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82
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Ryff CD, Radler BT, Friedman EM. Persistent Psychological Well-being Predicts Improved Self-Rated Health Over 9-10 Years: Longitudinal Evidence from MIDUS. Health Psychol Open 2015; 2. [PMID: 26617988 PMCID: PMC4662422 DOI: 10.1177/2055102915601582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological well-being has been linked with better health, but mostly with cross-sectional evidence. Using MIDUS, a national sample of US adults (N = 4963), longitudinal profiles of well-being were used to predict cross-time change in self-reported health over 9–10 years. Well-being was largely stable, although adults differed in whether they had persistently high versus persistently low or moderate levels of well-being. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, those with persistently high well-being reported better health (subjective health, chronic conditions, symptoms, and functional impairment) across time compared to those with persistently low well-being. Furthermore, persistently high well-being was protective of improved health especially among the educationally disadvantaged. The findings underscore the importance of intervention and educational programs designed to promote well-being for greater segments of society.
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Mousavi F, Rozsa S, Nilsson T, Archer T, Anckarsäter H, Garcia D. Personality and intelligence: persistence, not self-directedness, cooperativeness or self-transcendence, is related to twins' cognitive abilities. PeerJ 2015; 3:e1195. [PMID: 26312186 PMCID: PMC4548492 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. A person-centered approach focusing on the interaction of an individual’s temperament-character-life events is essential in the path of individuals’ well-being. In this context, three character traits, Self-directedness (e.g., self-acceptance, self-control, goal-directed behavior), Cooperativeness (e.g., social affiliation, social tolerance, empathy and helpfulness) and Self-transcendence (e.g., spiritual acceptance, transpersonal identification), measured using Cloninger’s model of personality are suggested to help the individual to regulate and resolve the conflicts derived from her/his temperament combinations as a reaction to life events. However, if character is related to the individual’s cognitive ability, then this association might limit any intervention that focuses on character development. We used data from the Child and Adolescent Twin Study in Sweden (CATSS) to investigate the relationship between personality and cognitive ability. Method. The sample consisted of 370 15-year-old twins (159 girls/211 boys), 192 of whom screen-positive with various types of mental health problems. We used the Temperament and Character Inventory to measure personality and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children (WISC-IV) to measure intelligence. The relationship was investigated using correlation analyses using random-selected twins from each dyad and separately for monozygotic and dizygotic twins. Additional analyses investigated the genetic and environmental effects on personality and cognitive ability in this specific sample. Results. There were no significant correlations between the WISC-IV indices and any of the character traits (i.e., Self-directedness, Cooperativeness, and Self-transcendence). Persistence was significantly related, if weak, to four WISC-IV indices: Verbal Comprehension, Perceptual Reasoning, Working Memory, and the Full WISC-IV Scale. Post-hoc cross-twin/cross-trait analyses showed that the Persistence-cognitive ability correlation might depend on common genetic effects. The WISC-IV indices showed a relatively large genetic influence, while earlier findings about the etiology of temperament and character traits using the whole CATSS sample were replicated in this sub-sample of twins. Conclusions. The results indicate that what individuals make of themselves intentionally (i.e., their character) was not associated to intelligence. Persistence, a temperament dimension that measures heritable individual differences in eagerness of effort, ambition, perfectionism, and resistance to discouragement despite frustration and fatigue, was weakly linked to intelligence. Suggesting that, at least during adolescence, interventions targeting character development are not limited by the individual’s intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandor Rozsa
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Center for Well-Being, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
| | - Thomas Nilsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Trevor Archer
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Henrik Anckarsäter
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Danilo Garcia
- Network for Empowerment and Well-Being , Sweden ; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Centre for Ethics, Law and Mental Health, University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden ; Center for Well-Being, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis , St. Louis, MO , USA
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84
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Reiter C, Wilz G. Resource diary: A positive writing intervention for promoting well-being and preventing depression in adolescence. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1025423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Reiter
- Department of Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 11, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gabriele Wilz
- Department of Clinical Intervention, Institute of Psychology, Friedrich-Schiller-University of Jena, Humboldtstraße 11, 07743 Jena, Germany
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85
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Linden M. Psychosomatic inpatient rehabilitation: the German model. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2015; 83:205-12. [PMID: 24970244 DOI: 10.1159/000358852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The term 'psychosomatic' has many connotations, be it in the sense of a general biopsychosocial concept in medicine as outlined in the ICF (International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health) of the World Health Organization, a holistic and person-centered view of the patient beyond the illness, the treatment of somatoform or somatic disorders, or special psychotherapeutic approaches. In Germany, there are also about 25,000 inpatient beds in 'psychosomatic rehabilitation hospitals', which treat approximately 5/1,000 inhabitants in the working age population per year. These institutions give an example of how to translate the theoretical concepts of psychosomatic medicine and of the ICF into clinical practice. 'Psychosomatic rehabilitation' aims at the prevention, treatment and compensation of chronic illness by a biopsychosocial approach. This includes a multilevel psychosomatic assessment and a multidimensional treatment focus including the reduction of symptoms, the training of capacities, the coping with chronic illness and impairment, the restoration of well-being and normal life, and the occupational reintegration including the search for a workplace, which allows work in spite of impairment. Scientific studies have shown that the psychological status, the motivation to work, the number of days on sickness leave and occupational reintegration can be improved, and that the system pays for the patients themselves, but also pension and health insurance companies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Linden
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Rehabilitation Center Seehof, Federal German Pension Agency, and Research Group Psychosomatic Rehabilitation, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Teltow/Berlin, Germany
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86
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Kok G, Burger H, Riper H, Cuijpers P, Dekker J, van Marwijk H, Smit F, Beck A, Bockting CLH. The Three-Month Effect of Mobile Internet-Based Cognitive Therapy on the Course of Depressive Symptoms in Remitted Recurrently Depressed Patients: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2015; 84:90-99. [PMID: 25721915 DOI: 10.1159/000369469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Internet-based cognitive therapy with monitoring via text messages (mobile CT), in addition to treatment as usual (TAU), might offer a cost-effective way to treat recurrent depression. Method: Remitted patients with at least 2 previous episodes of depression were randomized to mobile CT in addition to TAU (n = 126) or TAU only (n = 113). A linear mixed model was used to examine the effect of the treatment condition on a 3-month course of depressive symptoms after remission. Both an intention-to-treat analysis (n = 239) and a completer analysis (n = 193) were used. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (IDS-SR30) at baseline and 1.5 and 3 months after randomization. Results: Residual depressive symptoms showed a small but statistically significant decrease in the intention-to-treat group over 3 months in the mobile CT group relative to the TAU group (difference: -1.60 points on the IDS-SR30 per month, 95% CI = -2.64 to -0.56, p = 0.003). The effect of the treatment condition on the depressive symptomatology at the 3-month follow-up was small to moderate (Cohen's d = 0.44). All analyses among completers (≥5 modules) showed more pronounced treatment effects. Adjustment for unequally distributed variables did not markedly affect the results. Conclusions: Residual depressive symptoms after remission showed a more favorable course over 3 months in the mobile CT group compared to the TAU group. These results are a first indication that mobile CT in addition to TAU is effective in treating recurrently depressed patients in remission. However, demonstration of its long-term effectiveness and replication remains necessary. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Kok
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Germany
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87
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Bohlmeijer ET, Lamers SM, Fledderus M. Flourishing in people with depressive symptomatology increases with Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Post-hoc analyses of a randomized controlled trial. Behav Res Ther 2015; 65:101-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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88
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Ruini C, Albieri E, Vescovelli F. Well-Being Therapy: State of the Art and Clinical Exemplifications. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-014-9290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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89
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Lanning BA, Krenek N. Guest Editorial: Examining effects of equine-assisted activities to help combat veterans improve quality of life. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 50:vii-xiii. [PMID: 24458903 DOI: 10.1682/jrrd.2013.07.0159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Lanning
- Department of Health, Human Performance, and Recreation, School of Education, Baylor University, Waco, TX
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90
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Hone L, Jarden A, Schofield G. An evaluation of positive psychology intervention effectiveness trials using the re-aim framework: A practice-friendly review. JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2014.965267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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91
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Tzeng WY, Chen LH, Cherng CG, Tsai YN, Yu L. Sex differences and the modulating effects of gonadal hormones on basal and the stressor-decreased newly proliferative cells and neuroblasts in dentate gyrus. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2014; 42:24-37. [PMID: 24636498 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to assess sex differences and the modulating effects of gonad intactness and the estrous phase on basal and the stressor-decreased cell proliferation and early differentiation in Balb/C mouse dentate gyrus (DG). Besides, we compared the stress-reversing effects exerted by the presence of male and female Balb/C mouse odors in stressed male and female mouse DG in this regard. Female mice had lower baselines in the number of newly proliferated cells and neuroblasts than male mice. Although the stressor induced decreases in the number of newly proliferative cells and neuroblasts in both male and female DG, an obvious decrease in neuronal lineage commitment was observed in female DG. Moreover, ovariectomy induced decreases in baselines in the number of proliferative cells and neuroblasts but did not affect the stressor-induced decrease in neuronal lineage commitment in female DG. Interestingly, pro-estrous mice exhibited the stressor-decreased neuronal lineage commitment, while estrous and diestrous mice did not display such a decrease. Furthermore, orchidectomy did not affect basal or the stressor-decreased newly proliferative cells or neuroblasts in male DG. Finally, male odors were less effective than female odors in abolishing the stressor-decreased neuronal lineage commitment in female mice, while male and female odors were comparable in reversing the stressor-decreased newly proliferated cells and neuroblasts in male mice. The protective effects of mouse odors' company in the stressed male mouse DG were associated with local BDNF and NGF replenishment. Taken together, sexual differences in baselines in the number of newly proliferative cells, neuroblasts, and the sensitivity to stress-altered neuronal lineage commitment in the DG could be, in part, due to gonadal hormone differences between the two sexes. Mouse odors may reverse stressor-decreased newly proliferative cells and neuroblasts in male, but not in female, mouse DG by restoring BDNF and NGF levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Yu Tzeng
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Li-Hsien Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chianfang G Cherng
- Department of Health Psychology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yi-Ni Tsai
- Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Lung Yu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC; Institute of Behavioral Medicine, National Cheng Kung University College of Medicine, Tainan 70101, Taiwan, ROC.
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92
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Tomba E, Offidani E, Tecuta L, Schumann R, Ballardini D. Psychological well-being in out-patients with eating disorders: a controlled study. Int J Eat Disord 2014; 47:252-8. [PMID: 24123214 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Revised: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive functioning is widely neglected in research on eating disorders (EDs). The aim of this exploratory study was to assess psychological well-being (PWB) in out-patients with ED and in controls. METHOD The authors assessed PWB in 245 out-patients with EDs [105 with bulimia nervosa (BN), 57 with anorexia nervosa (AN), and 83 with binge eating disorder (BED) who met DSM-IV-TR] and 60 controls. They tested whether PWB was associated with eating attitude test (EAT) scores and if such associations differed among ED groups while taking into account confounding variables. RESULTS Significant differences between groups in all PWB scales were found. While individuals with BN reported significantly lower scores in all PWB dimensions than healthy controls, patients with BED scored significantly lower than controls in PWB autonomy, environmental mastery, and self-acceptance scales. Patients with AN showed similar scores to controls in all PWB dimensions, except for positive relationships and self-acceptance. In all ED groups, most PWB dimensions resulted significantly and negatively associated with EAT scales, except for AN where oral control was found to positively correlate with a high sense of purpose in life. All results were maintained even after adjusting for possible confounding variables. DISCUSSION Patients with EDs reported an impairment in PWB. The paucity of PWB was not necessarily dependent on the presence of high levels of psychological distress and on the severity of the disorder. Such assessments may therefore yield a more comprehensive evaluation in this clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Tomba
- Laboratory of Psychosomatics and Clinimetrics, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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93
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Monti F, Tonetti L, Ricci Bitti PE. Comparison of cognitive-behavioural therapy and psychodynamic therapy in the treatment of anxiety among university students: an effectiveness study. BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2013.878018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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94
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MacLeod AK, Luzon O. The Place of Psychological Well-being in Cognitive Therapy. CROSS-CULTURAL ADVANCEMENTS IN POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-017-8669-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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95
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Ryff CD. Psychological well-being revisited: advances in the science and practice of eudaimonia. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2014; 83:10-28. [PMID: 24281296 PMCID: PMC4241300 DOI: 10.1159/000353263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 859] [Impact Index Per Article: 85.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews research and interventions that have grown up around a model of psychological well-being generated more than two decades ago to address neglected aspects of positive functioning such as purposeful engagement in life, realization of personal talents and capacities, and enlightened self-knowledge. The conceptual origins of this formulation are revisited and scientific products emerging from 6 thematic areas are examined: (1) how well-being changes across adult development and later life; (2) what are the personality correlates of well-being; (3) how well-being is linked with experiences in family life; (4) how well-being relates to work and other community activities; (5) what are the connections between well-being and health, including biological risk factors, and (6) via clinical and intervention studies, how psychological well-being can be promoted for ever-greater segments of society. Together, these topics illustrate flourishing interest across diverse scientific disciplines in understanding adults as striving, meaning-making, proactive organisms who are actively negotiating the challenges of life. A take-home message is that increasing evidence supports the health protective features of psychological well-being in reducing risk for disease and promoting length of life. A recurrent and increasingly important theme is resilience - the capacity to maintain or regain well-being in the face of adversity. Implications for future research and practice are considered.
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Abstract
This article proposes that a recent shift in our understanding of dopamine function may support translational research to target deficits in positive emotions and reward processing in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). We review how dopamine functions to modulate approach behaviors in response to positive incentives, and we describe the incentive salience hypothesis, which posits that dopamine primarily modulates "wanting," or anticipatory reward, rather than "liking," or subjective pleasure. Although the incentive salience hypothesis was first proposed to help explain how drugs of abuse may reinforce harmful behaviors in the absence of continued pleasure or "liking," it may also provide a basis for understanding and developing new treatment approaches for MDD. Specifically, it provides a rationale for combining behaviorally activating psychotherapies and pro-dopaminergic agents to target impaired reward processing in MDD.
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97
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Buhić-Bergner A, Linden M. Spektrum der störungsspezifischen verhaltenstherapeutischen Behandlungsansätze bei depressiven Störungen. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2013. [DOI: 10.1159/000356902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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98
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Schrank B, Bird V, Tylee A, Coggins T, Rashid T, Slade M. Conceptualising and measuring the well-being of people with psychosis: Systematic review and narrative synthesis. Soc Sci Med 2013; 92:9-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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99
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Assessing mental well-being in family carers of people with dementia using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Int Psychogeriatr 2013; 25:1443-51. [PMID: 23777581 DOI: 10.1017/s1041610213000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding and measuring mental health and well-being among carers of people with dementia has become an important public health issue. METHODS In the present study we used the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale (WEMWBS) to identify predictors of positive mental health in a convenience sample of family carers of people with dementia using a cross-sectional design. RESULTS WEMWBS showed a negative correlation with anxiety and depressive symptoms, and a positive correlation with physical health status. Regression analyses indicated that overall nearly 70% of the variance in mental well-being in carers could be attributed to caregiver's age, physical health, stress specific to caregiving, and social support. Preliminary data show that the WEMWBS demonstrates strong internal consistency. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated one underlying factor of positive mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS WEMWBS is a psychometrically strong measure of mental well-being, and can be used to identify factors that promote positive mental health in family carers of people with dementia. Current results provide preliminary data supporting the usefulness of the scale as an overall indicator of population mental health and well-being for carers of people with dementia.
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100
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Casellas-Grau A, Font A, Vives J. Positive psychology interventions in breast cancer. A systematic review. Psychooncology 2013; 23:9-19. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2012] [Revised: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Casellas-Grau
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) 08193 Spain
| | - Antoni Font
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) 08193 Spain
| | - Jaume Vives
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès (Barcelona) 08193 Spain
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