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Dreyer A, Neugebauer F, Lohmann N, Rüdel H, Teubner D, Grotti M, Rauert C, Koschorreck J. Recent findings of halogenated flame retardants (HFR) in the German and Polar environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:850-863. [PMID: 31349194 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To get an overview about distribution, levels and temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) and halogenated flame retardants (HFR) of emerging concern, different types of environmental samples archived in the German Environment Specimen Bank as well as fish filet samples from the Arctic (n = 13) and Antarctica (n = 5) were analysed for 43 substances (24 PBDE, 19 HFR) using a multi-column clean-up and GC-API-MS/MS or GC-MS. Sample types were herring gull egg (n = 3), blue mussel (n = 3) and eelpout filet (n = 3) from the German North- and Baltic Sea, bream filet (n = 7), zebra mussel (n = 6) and suspended particulate matter (SPM, n = 7) from German freshwater ecosystems as well as tree leaves (n = 9)/shoots (n = 10), soil (n = 4), earthworm (n = 4) and deer liver (n = 7) as representatives of German terrestrial ecosystems. PBDE and emerging HFR were present in each investigated matrices from Germany and Polar regions showing their widespread distribution. The presence in Arctic and Antarctic fish samples confirms their long-range transport potential. Average concentrations of total emerging HFR were highest in SPM (26 ng g-1 dry weight (dw)), zebra mussel (10 ng g-1 dw) and herring gull egg (2.6 ng g-1 dw). Lowest levels were measured in fish filet samples from Antarctica (0.02 ng g-1 dw). Average total PBDE concentrations were highest in bream filet (154 ng g-1), herring gull egg (61 ng g-1 dw), SPM (21 ng g-1 dw), and zebra mussel 18 (ng g-1) and lowest in deer liver (0.04 ng g-1 dw). The patterns of non-fauna terrestrial samples (leaves, shoots, soil) as well as SPM were dominated by DBDPE and BDE209. Elevated proportions of DPTE and in most cases the absence of DBDPE characterized all fauna samples with the exception of Polar samples. Overall, emerging HFR appeared to be less bioaccumulative than PBDE. Temporal trends were generally decreasing with few exceptions such as DBDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina Lohmann
- Eurofins GfA Lab Service GmbH, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Schmallenberg, Germany
| | | | - Marco Grotti
- University of Genoa, Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, 16146 Genoa, Italy
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Pizzochero AC, de la Torre A, Sanz P, Navarro I, Michel LN, Lepoint G, Das K, Schnitzler JG, Chenery SR, McCarthy ID, Malm O, Dorneles PR, Martínez MÁ. Occurrence of legacy and emerging organic pollutants in whitemouth croakers from Southeastern Brazil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:719-728. [PMID: 31129551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) is one of the most commercially important species along the Atlantic coast of South America. Moreover, some of its biological traits (long life span, inshore feeding, high trophic position) make this species a suitable sentinel of coastal pollution. Here, we investigated contamination by multiple legacy and emerging organic pollutants, such as brominated and chlorinated flame retardants, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs), in whitemouth croakers from two estuaries (Guanabara and Sepetiba Bays) located in industrialized and urbanized areas in Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. Furthermore, we assessed how biological and ecological features could explain the observed contamination patterns. Regarding brominated flame retardants, concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) varied from 7.6 to 879.7 pg g-1 wet weight (w.w.), with high contribution of tetra-, penta-, hexa- and deca-BDEs. The sum of chlorinated flame retardants (dechlorane-related compounds, ΣDRC) ranged from <LOD to 41.1 pg g-1 w.w., mostly represented by Dechlorane 603 and Dechlorane Plus (DP). Concentrations of PCDDs and PCDFs varied from <LOD to 1.7 pg g-1 w.w., while the Toxic Equivalent (TEQ-PCDD/Fs) levels ranged from 0.1 to 0.2 pg g-1 w.w. Positive correlations between δ15N and concentrations of tri-, tetra- and penta-BDEs, as well as ΣDRC, DP and anti-DP isomers suggested that ecological factors (namely biomagnification along the food web) influence contamination of whitemouth croakers in the estuaries studied. Moreover, the sum of PBDEs (ΣPBDE), tri- and tetra-BDEs concentrations were negatively correlated with fish size, suggesting that depuration by fishes and/or habitat shift throughout the whitemouth croaker's life cycle might also influence concentrations. Overall, our study emphasized the need for further investigations to help understand the complex patterns of bioaccumulation and biomagnification that seem to exist in Southeastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carolina Pizzochero
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil.
| | - Adrián de la Torre
- Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanz
- Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Navarro
- Persistent Organic Pollutants Group, Environmental Department, CIEMAT, Madrid, Spain
| | - Loïc N Michel
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Krishna Das
- Freshwater and Oceanic Sciences Unit of reSearch (FOCUS), Laboratory of Oceanology, University of Liege, Belgium
| | - Joseph G Schnitzler
- Institute for Terrestrial and Aquatic Wildlife Research (ITAW), University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Simon R Chenery
- British Geological Survey (BGS), Kingsley Dunham Centre, Keyworth, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D McCarthy
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University (BU), Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf Malm
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
| | - Paulo R Dorneles
- Radioisotope Laboratory, Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Brazil
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53
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Dar OI, Sharma S, Singh K, Kaur A. Teratogenicity and accumulation of triclosan in the early life stages of four food fish during the bioassay. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 176:346-354. [PMID: 30954000 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.03.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
TCS [5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol] caused a concentration dependent delay in embryonic development, delay and decline in hatching and reduction in length and weight of hatchlings along with an increase in abnormal/deformed embryos and larvae and percent mortality. These parameters varied in a species specific manner and increased with TCS residue in body. The 96 h LC50 values of TCS for Cyprinus carpio, Ctenopharyngodon idella, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala were estimated at 0.315, 0.116, 0.096 and 0.131 mg/L, respectively. Hatching got delayed by 16.33 h for C. carpio (0.47 and 0.50 mg/L TCS) and C. idella (0.20 mg/L TCS) but by 18.07 h for L. rohita (0.15 mg/L TCS) and by 19.33 h for C. mrigala (0.18 mg/L TCS). Spine malformations, oedema (yolk sac and cardiac) and deflated swim bladder were present in 100% larvae of C. carpio, C. idella, L. rohita and C. mrigala at 0.30, 0.08, 0.13 and 0.14 mg/L TCS, respectively. TCS also caused hemorrhage (all but C. idella, only 3.33%), albinism and deformed caudal fin (C. idella), hypopigmentation and rupturing of yolk sac (C. mrigala), gas bubble disease (C. mrigala and L. rohita), fusion of eyes (C. carpio) and degeneration of digestive tract (L. rohita) in 10-40% hatchlings. Exposed hatchlings were very weak and paralyzed, could not swim and remained settled at the bottom of jars. Embryonic development was observed to be an early indicator of the toxicity of TCS as oedema and bubbles in yolk were observed in 40-100% embryos/hatchlings at 0.08 mg/L TCS while 100% mortality was observed between 0.15 and 0.50 mg/L TCS. L. rohita was most sensitive and C. carpio was least sensitive to the stress of TCS. Accumulation of TCS in the hatchlings (1/10 of TCS in water) after 96 h exposure hints that even small quantities of TCS may change species diversity in natural waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owias Iqbal Dar
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Kirpal Singh
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - Arvinder Kaur
- Department of Zoology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India.
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Kobayashi J, Yoshimoto M, Yamada K, Okamura K, Sakurai T. Comparison of trophic magnification factors of PCBs and PBDEs in Tokyo Bay based on nitrogen isotope ratios in bulk nitrogen and amino acids. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 226:220-228. [PMID: 30927674 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Trophic positions (TPs) are key parameters for determining trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of environmental pollutants. We used compound-specific nitrogen isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA), with which we expected to obtain precise TPs, to estimate the TMFs of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in the pelagic and benthic food webs of Tokyo Bay. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the difference between TMFs derived from TPs estimated by CSIA-AA (TPGlu/Phe) and TMFs derived from TPs estimated by bulk stable isotope analysis (TPbulk). TPGlu/Phe tended to be lower than TPbulk for many pelagic and benthic fishes. In the pelagic food web, the slopes for the relationships between PCB concentrations and TPGlu/Phe exceeded those between PCB concentrations and TPbulk for many congeners in samples from December 2014, and TMFGlu/Phe values (0.89-6.9) were higher than TMFbulk values (0.92-3.8). However, there were no statistically significant differences between the slopes of the relationships between PCB and PBDE concentrations and TPbulk or TPGlu/Phe for any of the congeners (analysis of covariance, P ≥ 0.08). In the benthic food web, PCB concentrations correlated with TPGlu/Phe for 9 PCB congeners in the samples collected during December 2014, although the concentrations of none of the PCB congeners correlated with TPbulk. A decrease of TMFGlu/Phe and TMFbulk values from December 2014 to May 2015 suggested that variation of PCB and PBDE concentrations in the organisms had more effect than TPs on the TMFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kobayashi
- Faculty of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan.
| | - Miki Yoshimoto
- Graduate School of Environmental and Symbiotic Sciences, Prefectural University of Kumamoto, 3-1-100 Tsukide, Kumamoto, 862-8502, Japan
| | - Katsumasa Yamada
- Center for Water Cycle, Marine Environment, and Disaster Management, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Kazumaro Okamura
- Seikai National Fisheries Research Institute, Fisheries Research Agency, 1551-8, Taira-machi, Nagasaki, 851-2213, Japan
| | - Takeo Sakurai
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
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Zhou C, Pagano J, McGoldrick DJ, Chen D, Crimmins BS, Hopke PK, Milligan MS, Murphy EW, Holsen TM. Legacy Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) Trends in Top Predator Fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes (GL) from 1979 to 2016: Will Concentrations Continue to Decrease? ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:6650-6659. [PMID: 31141349 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b00933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were widely used as fire retardants and have been detected throughout the Great Lakes (GL) ecosystem. The concentration trends (after fish age normalization) of PBDEs in top predator fish (lake trout and walleye) of the GLs were determined from 1979 to 2016, which includes most of the period when PBDEs were manufactured and used in this region. The fish samples were collected by two national (U.S. and Canada) long-term monitoring and surveillance programs. Trends in total concentrations (age-normalized) of the five major PBDE congeners (BDE-47, 99, 100, 153, and 154) found in fish across all five lakes have varied over time. Significant increases were observed from 1990 to 2000 (16.3% per year). Rapidly decreasing concentrations (-19.5% per year) were found from 2000 to 2007. Since 2007, the decreasing trend has become smaller (less than -5.5% per year) and relatively unchanged from 2011 to 2015. BDE-47, the congener with the highest concentrations in lake trout, has decreased continuously (ranging from -6.7% to -16.2% per year) in all lakes except Lake Erie. This decrease can be associated with the voluntary and regulatory phase out of production and/or usage of PBDEs since 2000. However, it has been offset by recent (since 2007) increasing trends of the other four higher brominated BDE congeners, especially BDE-100 and 154. Production and usage of commercial penta- and octa- BDE mixtures containing primarily the five major PBDE congeners was discontinued in 2004 in the U.S.A. and 2008 in Canada. These results indicate increasing fish uptake and bioaccumulation of higher brominated BDE congeners may be related to the transformation of BDE-209 to lower brominated BDE compounds in the GL environment or food web. Considering the abundance of BDE-209 in existing products and sediment in GL region, the duration of the unchanging total PBDE concentration trend in GL fish could be longer than expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanlong Zhou
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
| | - James Pagano
- Environmental Research Center, Department of Chemistry , State University of New York at Oswego , Oswego , New York 13126 , United States
| | - Daryl J McGoldrick
- Environment & Climate Change Canada , Water Science and Technology Directorate , Burlington , Ontario L7S 1A1 , Canada
| | - Da Chen
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health , Jinan University , Guangzhou 510632 , P. R. China
| | - Bernard S Crimmins
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
- AEACS, LLC. , New Kensington , Pennsylvania 15068 , United States
| | - Philip K Hopke
- Center for Air Resources Engineering and Science , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13699 , United States
| | - Michael S Milligan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , State University of New York at Fredonia , Houghton Hall , Fredonia , New York 14063 , United States
| | - Elizabeth W Murphy
- Great Lakes National Program Office , United States Environmental Protection Agency , 77 W. Jackson Boulevard , Chicago , Illinois 60604 , United States
| | - Thomas M Holsen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , Clarkson University , Potsdam , New York 13676 , United States
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56
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Choo G, Lee IS, Oh JE. Species and habitat-dependent accumulation and biomagnification of brominated flame retardants and PBDE metabolites. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 371:175-182. [PMID: 30849572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence, species- and habitat-dependent distribution of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and PBDE metabolites comprising 27 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), 3 hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 17 methoxylated (MeO-) BDEs, and 8 hydroxylated (OH-) BDEs were determined in marine environments (sediment and seawater) and 20 biota species in food web in the southern part of Korea. The concentration of HBCDs was statistically higher in both pelagic (5.73-60.1 ng/g lipid weight [lw]) and demersal fish (2.45-31.3 ng/g lw), whereas a higher level of OH-BDEs was observed in benthic invertebrates (2.48-40.7 ng/g lw), suggesting different composition of BFRs and PBDE metabolites between species. The concentrations of TBBPA and MeO-BDEs were significantly higher in pelagic fish (1.31-11.3, 6.15-61.5 ng/g lw) than in demersal fish (not detected [N.D.]-4.45, 0.956-8.52 ng/g lw) and benthic invertebrates (N.D.-8.11, 0.182-4.65 ng/g lw), reflecting a dependence on habitat. Additionally, analogue distribution of PBDEs in pelagic fish was similar to that in seawater, whereas the distribution in demersal fish and benthic invertebrates was similar to the distribution in sediment. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) and trophic magnification factor (TMF) of α-HBCD, some of PBDEs, and 6-MeO-BDE47 were up to 5000 and 1, respectively, suggesting strong bioaccumulation and biomagnification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyojin Choo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seok Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, GijangHaean-ro, Gijang-Eup, Gijang-Gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, Republic of Korea.
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Espinosa Ruiz C, Manuguerra S, Cuesta A, Esteban MA, Santulli A, Messina CM. Sub-lethal doses of polybrominated diphenyl ethers affect some biomarkers involved in energy balance and cell cycle, via oxidative stress in the marine fish cell line SAF-1. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:1-10. [PMID: 30797971 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of persistent contaminants which are found all over the world in the marine environment. Sparus aurata fibroblast cell line (SAF-1) was exposed to increasing concentrations of PBDEs 47 and 99, until 72 h to evaluate the cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the expression of some selected molecular markers related to cell cycle, cell signaling, energetic balance and oxidative stress (p53, erk-1, hif-1α and nrf-2), by real-time PCR. Furthermore, SAF-1 cells were exposed for 7 and 15 days to sub-lethal concentrations, in order to evaluate the response of some biomarkers by immunoblotting (p53, ERK-1, AMPK, HIF-1α and NRF-2). After 48 and 72 h, the cells showed a significant decrease of cell vitality as well as an increase of intracellular ROS production. Gene expression analysis showed that sub-lethal concentrations of BDE-99 and 47, after 72 h, up-regulated cell cycle and oxidative stress biomarkers, although exposure to 100 μmol L-1 down-regulated the selected markers related to cell cycle, cell signaling, energetic balance. After 7 and 15 days of sub-lethal doses exposure, all the analyzed markers resulted affected by the contaminants. Our results suggest that PBDEs influence the cells homeostasis first of all via oxidative stress, reducing the cell response and defense capacity and affecting its energetic levels. This situation of stress and energy imbalance could represents a condition that, modifying some of the analyzed biochemical pathways, would predispose to cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristobal Espinosa Ruiz
- University of Palermo, Dept of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Simona Manuguerra
- University of Palermo, Dept of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Andrea Santulli
- University of Palermo, Dept of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy; Consorzio Universitario della Provincia di Trapani, Marine Biology Institute, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy
| | - Concetta M Messina
- University of Palermo, Dept of Earth and Marine Science DISTEM, Laboratory of Marine Biochemistry and Ecotoxicology, Via Barlotta 4, 91100, Trapani, Italy.
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Fu L, Pei J, Zhang Y, Cheng X, Long S, Zeng L. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and alternative halogenated flame retardants in mollusks from the Chinese Bohai Sea: Levels and interspecific differences. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 142:551-558. [PMID: 31232338 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and alternative halogenated flame retardants (AHFRs) were measured in eleven mollusk species collected from the Chinese Bohai Sea. PBDEs and AHFRs were detected in all species, and their average total concentrations were in the range of 22.5-355 and 10.0-84.3 ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) were the dominant halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), contributing 22.5% to 73.6% and 3.1% to 38.3% of the total HFRs, respectively. The levels of PBDEs and AHFRs were moderate to high from a global perspective. Interspecific differences in the accumulation of PBDEs and AHFRs were characterized by heat map and cluster analysis. Composition profile differences were also observed, with higher proportions of AHFRs in gastropods than in bivalves. These species-specific differences in concentrations and profiles in mollusks were attributed to different species traits, including feeding habit, trophic level, and metabolic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingfang Fu
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
| | - Jie Pei
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuyu Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Xiaogu Cheng
- Guangzhou Research Institute of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510620, China
| | - Shenxing Long
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Lixi Zeng
- School of Environment, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China.
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Luo YL, Luo XJ, Ye MX, Lin L, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Species-specific debromination of polybromodiphenyl ethers determined by deiodinase activity in fish. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 246:710-716. [PMID: 30616061 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A combination of previous studies and the present study indicated species-specific debromination of polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in teleost fish. Three situations of debromination were found, namely rapid debromination represented by debromination of BDE 99 to BDE 47 observed in common carp, tilapia, crucian carp, and oscar fish; slow debromination represented by debromination of BDE 99 to BDE 49 observed in the abovementioned fish and rainbow trout, salmon, and snakehead; and no or minor debromination observed in catfish. The results of experiments on cofactors, inhibitors, and substrate competitors indicated that activities of outer ring deiodinase of 3, 3', 5'-triiodothyronine (type I deiodinase), which cannot be inhibited by 6-propyl-2-thiouracil, were responsible for the rapid debromination, and the outer ring deiodinase of thyroxine (type II deiodinase) regulated the slow debromination. The debromination of BDE 99 to BDE 49 was more common, but occurred at a much lower rate (approximately 100 times lower) than the debromination of BDE 99 to BDE 47. This was because the activity of type II deiodinase was nearly two orders of magnitude lower than that of type I deiodinase in the fish species studied. Further studies on debromination of PBDEs and properties of deiodinase in more species are needed to confirm the hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Lai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; College of Life Sciences and Environment, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang, 421008, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China.
| | - Mei-Xia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Huang C, Zeng Y, Luo X, Ren Z, Tang B, Lu Q, Gao S, Wang S, Mai B. In Situ Microbial Degradation of PBDEs in Sediments from an E-Waste Site as Revealed by Positive Matrix Factorization and Compound-Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2019; 53:1928-1936. [PMID: 30644732 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b06110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and compound-specific isotope analysis were used to investigate the in situ biodegradation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in sediment cores collected from a pond at an e-waste recycling site in South China. The potential microorganisms relevant to the degradation of PBDEs were also assessed to aid in the understanding of in situ biodegradation. The PMF results suggested that reductive debromination took place in the sediments. The debromination signal (ratio of the concentration of factor 5 (PMF result) to the total PBDE content) was positively correlated with the relative abundance of Dehalococcoidetes at different core depths. The clear 13C enrichment of five PBDE congeners (BDE 28, 47, 49, 99, and 153) with increasing core depth indicated that a measurable change in isotope fractionation might have occurred during PBDE biodegradation. The in situ biodegradation was further validated by the widespread detection of mono-BDE congeners (BDE 2, BDE 3) and diphenyl ether in the sediments. This study provides new evidence to enhance our understanding of the in situ biodegradation of PBDEs and suggests that the extensive removal of bromine from PBDEs was mediated by indigenous microorganisms at the e-waste site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Yanhong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Zihe Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , 100049 , China
| | - Qihong Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Shutao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
| | - Shanquan Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology , Guangzhou , China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , China
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Tang B, Luo XJ, Huang CC, Ren ZH, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Characterizing the Influence of Metabolism on the Halogenated Organic Contaminant Biomagnification in Two Artificial Food Chains Using Compound- and Enantiomer-Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:10359-10368. [PMID: 30160487 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b03922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two artificial food chains, food tiger barb-oscar fish and food tiger barb-redtail catfish, were established in the laboratory. The species-specific biotransformation of ortho, para'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, 12 polychlorinated biphenyl, and five polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners were characterized by measuring the compound- and enantiomer-specific stable carbon isotope composition (δ13C), enantiomeric fraction of the chiral chemicals, and metabolites in the fish. Compound- and enantiomer-specific biotransformations were revealed by the alteration of δ13C and EF in both predator fish species. Significant correlations between the carbon stable isotope signatures and the depuration rates and biomagnification factors (BMF) were observed. Chemicals that exhibited changes in δ13C during the experiment have higher kd and lower BMF values than those with unchanged δ13C. Specifically, the difference between the predicted BMF based on the log Kow and the measured BMF, ΔBMF, was significantly positively and linearly correlated to the change in the δ13C (expressed by Δδ13C/δ13Cinitial, the percentage of Δδ13C: δ13Cending-δ13Cinitial to the initial δ13Cinitial) in both food chains. These results indicated that the impact of metabolism on the bioaccumulation potential of organic contaminants can be predicted by the stable carbon isotope fractionation of chemicals in the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Chen-Chen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Zi-He Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection , Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640 , P. R. China
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62
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Bayse CA. Halogen Bonding from the Bonding Perspective with Considerations for Mechanisms of Thyroid Hormone Activation and Inhibition. NEW J CHEM 2018; 42:10623-10632. [PMID: 30778278 PMCID: PMC6376990 DOI: 10.1039/c8nj00557e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Halogen bonding interactions are often discussed in terms of an area of positive electrostatic potential on the halogen center along the bond axis called the σ-hole, yet various authors have noted a lack of completeness in this model. The nature of the XB interaction is explored from the perspective of bonding theories beginning from models that explain the electrostatic σ-hole and continuing to orbital-based donor-acceptor descriptions in which the donor lone pair MO mixes with the acceptor R-X and R-X* MOs to form a set of XB MOs related to three-center-four-electron bonding in hypervalent molecules. The strength of the XB interaction for a large series of RX···Cl- and RX···SeMe2 complexes correlate well with the energy of the acceptor R-X* MO and the contribution of the halide to the R-X and R-X* MOs, factors relevant to favourable overlap with the donor lone pair. An orbital-based focus accounts for the partial covalency of the XB interaction and can be extended to descriptions of enzymatic dehalogenation mechanisms. Applications of this MO perspective to the deiodination of thyroid hormones by the iodothyronine deiodinases and a possibly related mechanism of inhibition are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig A Bayse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Hampton Boulevard, Norfolk, Virginia, United States. ; Tel: 01 757 683 4097;
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63
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Granby K, Rainieri S, Rasmussen RR, Kotterman MJJ, Sloth JJ, Cederberg TL, Barranco A, Marques A, Larsen BK. The influence of microplastics and halogenated contaminants in feed on toxicokinetics and gene expression in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:430-443. [PMID: 29573718 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
When microplastics pollute fish habitats, it may be ingested by fish, thereby contaminating fish with sorbed contaminants. The present study investigates how combinations of halogenated contaminants and microplastics associated with feed are able to alter toxicokinetics in European seabass and affect the fish. Microplastic particles (2%) were added to the feed either with sorbed contaminants or as a mixture of clean microplastics and chemical contaminants, and compared to feed containing contaminants without microplastics. For the contaminated microplastic diet, the accumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in fish was significantly higher, increasing up to 40 days of accumulation and then reversing to values comparable to the other diets at the end of accumulation. The significant gene expression results of liver (cyp1a, il1β, gstα) after 40 days of exposure indicate that microplastics might indeed exacerbate the toxic effects (liver metabolism, immune system, oxidative stress) of some chemical contaminants sorbed to microplastics. Seabass quickly metabolised BDE99 to BDE47 by debromination, probably mediated by deiodinase enzymes, and unlike other contaminants, this metabolism was unaffected by the presence of microplastics. For the other PCBs and BFRs, the elimination coefficients were significantly lower in fish fed the diet with contaminants sorbed to microplastic compared to the other diets. The results indicate that microplastics affects liver detoxification and lipid distribution, both of which affect the concentration of contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kit Granby
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sandra Rainieri
- AZTI, Food Research Division, Astondo bidea 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - Rie Romme Rasmussen
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Michiel J J Kotterman
- Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies (IMARES), Wageningen University and Research Center, Haringkade 1, 1976 CP IJmuiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jens Jørgen Sloth
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Tommy Licht Cederberg
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Food Institute, Kemitorvet, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Alex Barranco
- AZTI, Food Research Division, Astondo bidea 609, 48160 Derio, Spain
| | - António Marques
- Portuguese Institute for the Sea and Atmosphere (IPMA), Division of Aquaculture and Upgrading, Avenida de Brasilia, 1449-006 Lisboa, Portugal; Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bodil Katrine Larsen
- Technical University of Denmark (DTU), National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Section for Aquaculture, Niels Juelsvej 30, 9850 Hirtshals, Denmark
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64
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Ng CA, Ritscher A, Hungerbuehler K, von Goetz N. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) Accumulation in Farmed Salmon Evaluated Using a Dynamic Sea-Cage Production Model. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:6965-6973. [PMID: 29697249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b00146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Food is an important source of human exposure to hazardous chemicals. Chemical concentration in a food item depends on local environmental contamination, production conditions, and, for animal-derived foods, on feed. Here, we investigate these influences on the accumulation of individual polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (PBDEs) in farmed Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar). We develop a dynamic model over a full sea-cage salmon production cycle. To assess the influence of metabolic debromination on PBDE congener profiles, in vitro measurements of debromination rates in fish liver cells were extrapolated to whole-body metabolic rate constants. Model results indicate that the dominant factors governing PBDE concentration in Atlantic salmon fillet are uptake via contaminated feed and fish growth, whereas the influence of metabolic debromination is minor. PBDE concentrations in fish feed depend on several factors, including the geographic origin of fish feed ingredients, which are produced and traded globally. Human exposure to PBDE via salmon consumption is less influenced by environmental concentrations at the location of salmon farming than by environmental concentrations influencing feed components. This dependence of PBDE concentrations in salmon on the origin and composition of feed reveals the complexity of predicting contaminant concentrations in globally traded food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla A Ng
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Pittsburgh , 3700 O'Hara Street , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15261 , United States
| | - Amélie Ritscher
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Konrad Hungerbuehler
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
| | - Natalie von Goetz
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering , ETH Zurich , Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 1 , 8093 Zurich , Switzerland
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65
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François A, Verreault J. Interaction between deca-BDE and hepatic deiodinase in a highly PBDE-exposed bird. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 163:108-114. [PMID: 29433018 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that debromination of the major component in the deca-brominated diphenyl ether mixture (deca-BDE), BDE-209, occurs in vivo in birds. Recent work from our laboratory on breeding ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarensis) exposed to elevated PBDE concentrations in the densely-populated metropolis of Montreal (Canada) further suggests that BDE-209 debromination is potentially catalyzed by deiodinases in liver microsomes. The first objective of this study was to determine if type 1 deiodinase (D1) was involved in the in vitro debromination of BDE-209 in liver microsomes of ring-billed gulls. The second objective was to determine if there was an interaction between D1 and BDE-209 using an in vitro D1 activity assay. No depletion of BDE-209 was observed in gull liver microsomes. A significant 42% increase in total D1 activity was found in gull liver microsomes at the medium BDE-209 concentration (1.0 nM), although not at the low (0.5 nM) or high (2.5 nM) concentrations, suggesting potential non-dose related interaction with D1. Moreover, no correlation was found between total D1 activity in liver microsomes and plasma thyroid hormone levels, although there was a negative relationship between plasma BDE-209 concentrations and FT3 levels. Results from this study suggest that debromination of BDE-209 did not occur using present in vitro assay conditions, although indicated potential interaction with D1 that may have implication on circulating thyroid hormone status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony François
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, QC, Canada H3C 3P8.
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66
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Jorgenson ZG, Thomas LM, Elliott SM, Cavallin JE, Randolph EC, Choy SJ, Alvarez DA, Banda JA, Gefell DJ, Lee KE, Furlong ET, Schoenfuss HL. Contaminants of emerging concern presence and adverse effects in fish: A case study in the Laurentian Great Lakes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 236:718-733. [PMID: 29454282 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The Laurentian Great Lakes are a valuable natural resource that is affected by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), including sex steroid hormones, personal care products, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, and new generation pesticides. However, little is known about the fate and biological effects of CECs in tributaries to the Great Lakes. In the current study, 16 sites on three rivers in the Great Lakes basin (Fox, Cuyahoga, and Raquette Rivers) were assessed for CEC presence using polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) and grab water samplers. Biological activity was assessed through a combination of in vitro bioassays (focused on estrogenic activity) and in vivo assays with larval fathead minnows. In addition, resident sunfish, largemouth bass, and white suckers were assessed for changes in biological endpoints associated with CEC exposure. CECs were present in all water samples and POCIS extracts. A total of 111 and 97 chemicals were detected in at least one water sample and POCIS extract, respectively. Known estrogenic chemicals were detected in water samples at all 16 sites and in POCIS extracts at 13 sites. Most sites elicited estrogenic activity in bioassays. Ranking sites and rivers based on water chemistry, POCIS chemistry, or total in vitro estrogenicity produced comparable patterns with the Cuyahoga River ranking as most and the Raquette River as least affected by CECs. Changes in biological responses grouped according to physiological processes, and differed between species but not sex. The Fox and Cuyahoga Rivers often had significantly different patterns in biological response Our study supports the need for multiple lines of evidence and provides a framework to assess CEC presence and effects in fish in the Laurentian Great Lakes basin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary G Jorgenson
- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Twin Cities Field Office, 4101 American Blvd. E, Bloomington, MN, 55425, United States; Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States
| | - Linnea M Thomas
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States
| | - Sarah M Elliott
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Water Science Center, 2280 Woodale Dr., Mounds View, MN, 55112, United States
| | - Jenna E Cavallin
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Eric C Randolph
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Mid-Continent Ecology Division Laboratory, 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN, 55804, United States
| | - Steven J Choy
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Green Bay Field Office, 505 Science Dr., Madison, WI, 53711, United States
| | - David A Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, 4200 E New Haven Rd., Columbia, MO, 65201, United States
| | - Jo A Banda
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Ohio Field Office, 4625 Morse Rd., Suite 104, Columbus, OH, 43230, United States
| | - Daniel J Gefell
- U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, New York Field Office, 3817 Luker Rd., Cortland, NY, 13045, United States
| | - Kathy E Lee
- U.S. Geological Survey, Toxic Substances Hydrology Program, 415 Pokegama Ave. S, Grand Rapids, MN, 55744, United States
| | - Edward T Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, National Water Quality Laboratory, Denver Federal Center, Bldg 95, Denver, CO, 80225, United States
| | - Heiko L Schoenfuss
- Aquatic Toxicology Laboratory, 720 Fourth Ave. S, WSB-273, St. Cloud State University, St. Cloud, MN, 56301, United States.
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67
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Zheng G, Wan Y, Shi S, Zhao H, Gao S, Zhang S, An L, Zhang Z. Trophodynamics of Emerging Brominated Flame Retardants in the Aquatic Food Web of Lake Taihu: Relationship with Organism Metabolism across Trophic Levels. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:4632-4640. [PMID: 29608280 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b06588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the increasing use and discharge of novel brominated flame retardants, little information is available about their trophodynamics in the aquatic food web, and their subsequent relationships to compound metabolism. In this study, concentrations of 2,4,6-tribromophenyl allyl ether (ATE), 1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (TBECH), tetrabromo- o-chlorotoluene (TBCT), pentabromobenzyl acrylate (PBBA), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,4,5,6-tetrabromo-phthalate (TBPH), and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE) were measured in 17 species, including plankton, invertebrates, and fish from Lake Taihu, South China. Trophodynamics of the compounds were assessed, and metabolic rates were measured in the liver microsomes of crucian (trophic level [TL]: 2.93), catfish (TL: 3.86), and yellow-head catfish (TL: 4.3). Significantly positive relationships were found between trophic levels and lipid-normalized concentrations of ATE, BTBPE, and TBPH; their trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were 2.85, 2.83, and 2.42, respectively. Consistently, the three chemicals were resistant to metabolism in all fish microsomes. No significant relationship was observed for βTBECH ( p = 0.116), and DBDPE underwent trophic dilution in the food web (TMFs = 0.37, p = 0.021). Moreover, these two chemicals showed steady metabolism with incubation time in all fish microsomes. TBCT and PBBA exhibited significant trophic magnifications in the food web (TMF = 4.56, 2.01). Though different metabolic rates were observed for the two compounds among the tested fish species, TBCT and PBBA both showed metabolic resistance in high-trophic-level fish. These results indicated that metabolism of organisms at high trophic levels plays an important role in the assessment of trophic magnification potentials of these flame retardant chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guomao Zheng
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Yi Wan
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Sainan Shi
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Haoqi Zhao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shixiong Gao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Shiyi Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
| | - Lihui An
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research , Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences , Beijing 100012 , China
| | - Zhaobin Zhang
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences , Peking University , Beijing 100871 , China
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68
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Fliedner A, Rüdel H, Lohmann N, Buchmeier G, Koschorreck J. Biota monitoring under the Water Framework Directive: On tissue choice and fish species selection. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 235:129-140. [PMID: 29276959 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The study addresses the topic of suitable matrices for chemical analysis in fish monitoring and discusses the effects of data normalization in the context of the European Water Framework Directive (WFD). Differences between species are considered by comparing three frequently monitored species of different trophic levels, i.e., chub (Squalius cephalus, n = 28), (bream, Abramis brama, n = 11), and perch (Perca fluviatilis, n = 19) sampled in the German Danube. The WFD priority substances dioxins, furans and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCDD/F + dl-PCB), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), α-hexabromocyclododecane (α-HBCDD), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), mercury (Hg), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) as well as non-dioxin-like (ndl)-PCB were analyzed separately in fillet and carcass and whole body concentrations were calculated. Hg was analyzed in individual fish fillets and carcasses, all other substances were determined in pool samples, which were compiled on the basis of fish size (3 chub pools, 1 bream pool, 2 perch pools). The data were normalized to 5% lipid weight (or 26% dry mass in the case of Hg and PFOS) for comparison between matrices and species. Hg concentrations were generally higher in fillet than in whole fish (mean whole fish-to-fillet ratio: 0.7) whereas all other substances were mostly higher in whole fish. In the case of lipophilic substances these differences leveled after lipid normalization. Significant correlations (p ≤ .05) were detected between Hg and fish weight and age. Hg concentrations varied least among younger fish. PCDD/F, dl-PCB, ndl-PCB, PBDE, α-HBCDD and HCB correlated significantly (p ≤ .05) with lipid concentrations. Fillet-to-whole fish conversion equations and/or conversion factors were derived for all substances except α-HCBDD. Although more data also for individual fish would be desirable the results are nevertheless a step on the way to translate fillet concentrations of priority substances to whole fish concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fliedner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Department Environmental Specimen Bank and Elemental Analysis, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany.
| | - Heinz Rüdel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (Fraunhofer IME), Department Environmental Specimen Bank and Elemental Analysis, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Nina Lohmann
- Eurofins GfA Lab Service GmbH, Neulaender Kamp 1a, 21079 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Georgia Buchmeier
- Bavarian Environment Agency (LfU), Demollstr. 31, 82407 Wielenbach, Germany
| | - Jan Koschorreck
- German Environment Agency (Umweltbundesamt), 06813 Dessau-Rosslau, Germany
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69
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Sun R, Luo X, Li QX, Wang T, Zheng X, Peng P, Mai B. Legacy and emerging organohalogenated contaminants in wild edible aquatic organisms: Implications for bioaccumulation and human exposure. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 616-617:38-45. [PMID: 29107777 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.10.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly industrialized and urbanized watersheds may receive various contaminants from anthropogenic activities. In this study, legacy and emerging organohalogenated contaminants (OHCs) were measured in edible wild aquatic organisms sampled from the Pearl River and Dongjiang River in a representative industrial and urban region in China. High concentrations of target contaminants were observed. The Pearl River exhibited higher concentrations of OHCs than the Dongjiang River due to high industrialization and urbanization. Agrochemical inputs remained an important source of OHCs in industrialized and urbanized watershed in China, but vigilance is needed for recent inputs of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) originated from e-waste recycling activities. Bioaccumulation of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), PCBs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and Dechlorane Plus (DP) was biological species- and compound-specific, which can be largely attributed to metabolic capability for xenobiotics. No health risk was related to the daily intake of DDTs, HCHs, and PBDEs via consumption of wild edible species investigated for local residents. However, the current exposure to PCBs through consuming fish is of potential health concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Qing X Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1955 East West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaobo Zheng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Pingan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Gu SY, Ekpeghere KI, Kim HY, Lee IS, Kim DH, Choo G, Oh JE. Brominated flame retardants in marine environment focused on aquaculture area: Occurrence, source and bioaccumulation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 601-602:1182-1191. [PMID: 28605836 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.05.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), were investigated in bivalve (i.e., oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and mussel (Mytilus coruscus)), sediment, and seawater samples collected from aquaculture areas in South Korea to identify their occurrence, sources, and bioaccumulation. Among the studied chemicals, HBCDs predominated in bivalves and sediment, with concentrations of ND-67.52ng/g lipid weight and 3.47-168ng/g dry weight, respectively, while TBBPA was the highest contributor in seawater (ND-2.79ng/L). Compared with a non-aquaculture area, HBCD and PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in all matrices in the aquaculture area (Mann-Whitney U test, p<0.05), suggesting that sources may be located near or associated with the aquaculture areas, such as industrial complexes and expanded polystyrene buoys. Finally, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) and biota-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) were estimated. Among the studied BFRs, BDE-47 (BCF: 1.70×106L/kg; BSAF: 20.92) and α-HBCD (BCF: 1.05×106L/kg; BSAF: 0.13) showed the highest accumulation potentials in bivalves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Yeon Gu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kalu Ibe Ekpeghere
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Young Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seok Lee
- Marine Environment Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science (NIFS), 216, Gijanghaean-ro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyojin Choo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
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71
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Munschy C, Bely N, Héas-Moisan K, Olivier N, Loizeau V. Tissue-specific distribution and maternal transfer of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their metabolites in adult common sole (Solea solea L.) over an entire reproduction cycle. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:457-465. [PMID: 28780444 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-specific accumulation and distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their debrominated metabolites were studied in common sole (Solea solea) over an entire reproduction cycle. The fish were dietary-exposed to selected PBDEs in laboratory-controlled conditions for one year. Fish of both sexes were sampled throughout the reproduction cycle and their muscle, liver, viscera, carcass, skin and gonads (female) were analysed for total lipid content, PBDEs and their debrominated metabolites. On a wet weight basis, the concentrations of most spiked congeners showed an increase at the end of the exposure time in the whole body of fish of both sexes. Conversely, BDE-99 and BDE-209 - the two most highly metabolized congeners - did not show a similar increase, while their debrominated metabolites exhibited a linear increase over time. Biomagnification factors (BMFs) calculated in whole body were > 1 for all PBDEs except BDE-99 (0.89 ± 0.22) and BDE-209 (0.013 ± 0.006). BMFs were strongly correlated to apparent assimilation efficiencies, which ranged from 1.6% ± 0.7% (BDE-209) to 88% ± 11% (BDE-100). Fish carcass was the most predominant storage compartment for all PBDEs except BDE-209 in both male and female fish, followed by skin, muscle, female gonads, liver and visceral tissue. BDE-209 showed a different distribution and was stored more predominantly in the liver, viscera and female gonads than other congeners, probably due to its transport with lipoproteins. All PBDEs except BDE-209 showed equilibrium partitioning between the liver and other studied compartments, while BDE-209 showed a higher affinity with blood-enriched tissues, leading to higher liver / carcass, skin and muscle concentration ratios. Visceral tissue and liver exhibited the most pronounced differences in terms of concentration variations between sexes and over time. In females, both tissues showed a significant decrease in most PBDE concentrations (ww) and TLC in March during the spawning season, with low inter-individual variability, reflecting the striking utilisation of lipids by females for reproduction at this time. In males, no differences were found in concentrations in these compartments over time and a high inter-individual variability was observed. Maternal transfer of PBDEs from gonad to eggs was constant, regardless of spawn rank in the spawning season. Egg / gonad PBDE concentration ratios (in lw) were 1.3 ± 0.7 for all congeners and 2.6 ± 0.3 for BDE-209, suggesting a higher transfer of this congener from gonads to eggs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Munschy
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - N Bely
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - K Héas-Moisan
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - N Olivier
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Rue de l'Ile d'Yeu, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes Cedex 3, France
| | - V Loizeau
- Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratory of Biogeochemistry of Organic Contaminants, Technopôle Brest-Iroise, Pointe du Diable, BP 70, 29280 Plouzané, France
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72
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Lorber M, Toms LML. Use of a simple pharmacokinetic model to study the impact of breast-feeding on infant and toddler body burdens of PCB 153, BDE 47, and DDE. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 185:1081-1089. [PMID: 28764132 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have examined the role of breast milk consumption in the buildup of environmental chemicals in infants, and have concluded that this pathway elevates infant body burdens above what would occur in a formula-only diet. Unique data from Australia provide an opportunity to study this finding using simple pharmacokinetic (PK) models. Pooled serum samples from infants in the general population provided data on PCB 153, BDE 47, and DDE at 6-month increments from birth until 4 years of age. General population breast-feeding scenarios for Australian conditions were crafted and input into a simple PK model which predicted infant serum concentrations over time. Comparison scenarios of background exposures to characterize formula-feeding were also crafted. It was found that the models were able to replicate the rise in measured infant body burdens for PCB 153 and DDE in the breast-feeding scenarios, while the background scenarios resulted in infant body burdens substantially below the measurements. The same was not true for BDE 47, however. Both the breast-feeding and background scenarios substantially underpredicted body burden measurements. Two possible explanations were offered: that exposure to higher BDE congeners would debrominate and form BDE 47 in the body, and/or, a second overlooked exposure pathway for PBDEs might be the cause of high infant and toddler body burdens. This pathway was inhalation due to the use of PBDEs as flame retardants in bedding materials. More research to better understand and quantify this pathway, or other unknown pathways, to describe infant and toddler exposures to PBDEs is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Lorber
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, United States.
| | - Leisa-Maree L Toms
- School of Public Health and Social Work and Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Luo YL, Luo XJ, Ye MX, Zeng YH, Chen SJ, Mai BX. Species-specific and structure-dependent debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ether in fish by in vitro hepatic metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2017; 36:2005-2011. [PMID: 28135018 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To explore the cause of species-specific differences and structure-activity relationships in the debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in fish, a series of in vitro measurements of hepatic metabolism of PBDE were made using crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and catfish (Silurus asotus) and the activity of deiodinase in liver microsomes was measured. Debromination was observed in the crucian carp but not in the catfish. No difference was found in total deiodinase activity despite the activity of type 1 deiodinase in crucian carp being twice that of catfish. It is difficult to determine whether the differences in deiodinase activity were responsible for the species-specific differences observed. In crucian carp, penta-brominated diphenyl ether congeners exhibited the highest debromination rates, and the transformation rate decreased with an increasing number of substituted bromines. Adjacent bromine substitution in the phenyl ring was a necessary, but insufficient, condition for debromination in crucian carp. Doubly flanked bromine was always preferentially removed, while single-flanked bromine, meta-substituted bromine, was debrominated the most, followed by para- and then ortho-bromine. No debromination was observed for single-flanked bromine when there was a symmetrical structure with (2, 4, 6) bromine substitutions in 1 phenyl ring, indicating that this structure can improve resistance to debromination metabolism. Environ Toxicol Chem 2017;36:2005-2011. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Lai Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Xia Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - She-Jun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in US meat and poultry: 2012-13 levels, trends and estimated consumer exposures. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2017; 34:1584-1595. [PMID: 28604253 DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1340675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a class of brominated flame retardants whose use has contaminated foods and caused subsequent human exposures. To address the issue of possible human exposure, samples from a 2012-13 US meat and poultry (beef, pork, chicken, turkey) study were analysed for seven PBDEs. The mean summed concentrations of the seven BDE congeners (ΣPBDE) from beef, pork, chicken and turkey were 0.40, 0.36, 0.19, and 0.76 ng g-1 lipid weight (lw). The range of ΣPBDEs for all meat classes was 0.01-15.78 ng g-1 lw. A comparison of this study with a 2007-08 study revealed a decline in the median ΣPBDEs for all four meat classes, a reduction of 25.9% to 70.0%, with pork, chicken and turkey PBDE residues being statistically lower relative to the 2007-08 study. BDEs 47 and 99 contributed the most to the ΣPBDE concentrations, indicating likely animal exposures to the penta-BDE formulation. Based on the reported data an estimate of US consumer daily intake of PBDEs from meat and poultry was 6.42 ng day-1.
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75
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Park JC, Han J, Lee MC, Kang HM, Jeong CB, Hwang DS, Wang M, Lee JS. Adverse effects of BDE-47 on life cycle parameters, antioxidant system, and activation of MAPK signaling pathway in the rotifer Brachionus koreanus. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 186:105-112. [PMID: 28282617 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) is widely dispersed endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in the aquatic ecosystem. Due to its devastating effect on marine organisms and insufficient database on toxicology, we investigated the adverse effects of BDE-47 on life parameters and antioxidant defense system following the reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the monogonont rotifer Brachionus koreanus. In B. koreanus, the reduction in life cycle, fecundity, and population growth were observed in response to BDE-47. 50μg/L BDE-47 significantly reduced (P<0.05) life expectancy and net reproductive rate. In response to 10-50μg/L BDE-47 exposure, the oxidative stress was elicited via the generation of ROS, while the antioxidant related enzymes (e.g. glutathione S-transferase [GST] and glutathione reductase [GR]) have demonstrated significant activity levels (P<0.05) to further alleviate the oxidative stress in a concentration dependent manner. Furthermore, transcript profiles of antioxidant function (GST-A, -O, and -S1-S8)-related genes have shown the significant increase over 24h in response to BDE-47 (0, 10, 25, and 50μg/L). As for MAPK signaling pathway analysis, up-regulation of their activities was observed at 25μg/L BDE-47 but their activities have reduced at adult NOEC concentration of 50μg/L. This study provides a better understanding of the effects of BDE-47 on life parameters, molecular defense system, and activation of MAPK signaling pathway against generated oxidants in the rotifer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chul Park
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Jeonghoon Han
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Min-Chul Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Hye-Min Kang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Chang-Bum Jeong
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Dae-Sik Hwang
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Minghua Wang
- Center for Marine Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology, College of the Environment & Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Science, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
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76
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Ma Y, Li P, Jin J, Wang Y, Wang Q. Current halogenated flame retardant concentrations in serum from residents of Shandong Province, China, and temporal changes in the concentrations. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:116-122. [PMID: 28214714 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The residents of Shandong Province, China, are exposed to high concentrations of halogenated flame retardants because large amounts of halogenated flame retardants are produced in the province. We determined the concentrations of eight polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (PBDEs), seven novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), and the two dechlorane plus isomers (DPs) in serum from residents of Shandong Province. The aim was to identify temporal trends in the concentrations of these pollutants. The mean total concentrations of PBDEs, NBFRs and DPs were 41, 2.2 and 2.1ng/g lipid in pooled serum samples collected in 2014, and were 32, 3.5 and 3.1ng/g lipid in pooled serum samples collected in 2015, respectively. Decabromodiphenyl ether was the dominant PBDE congener in all of the samples. The novel brominated flame retardant and dechlorane plus concentrations were between one and two orders of magnitude lower than the PBDE concentrations. The PBDE concentrations in serum decreased significantly between 2007 and 2015, but the pentabromobenzene, pentabromotoluene, and dechlorane plus concentrations were relatively stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulong Ma
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Peng Li
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jun Jin
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Public Health, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qinghua Wang
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; State Information Center, Beijing 100045, China
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77
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Palacio-Cortés AM, Signorini-Souza IDL, Yoshio Hara EL, Disner RG, Rebechi D, Grassi MT, Cestari MM, Navarro-Silva MA. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) effects on Chironomus sancticaroli larvae after short-term exposure. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 139:308-315. [PMID: 28167443 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In-vivo effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) containing 3, 4 and 5 bromine atoms were tested on fourth-instar larvae of Chironomus sancticaroli (Diptera: Chironomidae) after 48h of exposure, by measuring the activity of the acetyl cholinesterase, alpha and beta esterases and glutathione S-transferase. The PBDE congeners 2,2',4-triBDE (BDE-17), 2,2',4,4'-tetraBDE (BDE-47) and 2,2',4,4',5-pentaBDE (BDE-99) were evaluated at 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0ngmL-1. Acetyl cholinesterase activity decreased significantly (p≤0.05) at all evaluated concentrations of the three PBDE congeners, except for larvae exposed to BDE-17 at 1.0 and 2.0ngmL-1. The significant inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase activity ranged from 18% (BDE-47 at 0.5ngmL-1) to 72% (BDE-47 at 2.0ngmL-1). The enzymes alpha and beta esterase were also affected by the three congeners, reducing their activity from 14% (BDE-99 at 1.0ngmL-1) to 52% (BDE-47 at 2.0ngmL-1) and from 7% (BDE-99 at 2.0ngmL-1) to 34% (BDE-47 at 3.0ngmL-1) respectively. Substantial increments in glutathione S-transferase activity were similarly observed, varying from 138% (BDE-99 2.0 at ng mL-1) to 346% (BDE-17 at 1.0ngmL-1). DNA strand breaks were detected exclusively in larvae exposed to BDE-99 at 2.0 and 3.0ngmL-1 (H=11.7, p=0.019). These results showed that C. sancticaroli larvae were sensitive to the PBDEs treatments under the experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Debora Rebechi
- Zoology Department, Federal University of Paraná, Brazil
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78
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Marsan ES, Bayse CA. Halogen-Bonding Interactions of Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers and Thyroid Hormone Derivatives: A Potential Mechanism for the Inhibition of Iodothyronine Deiodinase. Chemistry 2017; 23:6625-6633. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201700407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric S. Marsan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Old Dominion University; 5115 Hampton Blvd Norfolk VA 23529 USA
| | - Craig A. Bayse
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Old Dominion University; 5115 Hampton Blvd Norfolk VA 23529 USA
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79
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Karami A, Groman DB, Wilson SP, Ismail P, Neela VK. Biomarker responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae exposed to pristine low-density polyethylene fragments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 223:466-475. [PMID: 28129952 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.01.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
There are serious concerns over the adverse impacts of microplastics (MPs) on living organisms. The main objective of this study was to test the effects of MPs on the total length, weight, condition factor (CF), transcriptional level of antioxidant, anti and pro-apoptotic, and neurotransmitter genes, and the histopathology of the gill, liver, brain, kidney, and intestine in the larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Fish were exposed to one of three levels of pristine low-density polyethylene (LDPE) fragments (5, 50, or 500 μg/L) for 10 or 20 days. No significant changes were observed in any of the selected biomarkers across MP concentrations at days 10 or 20. The expression of casp9 (caspase 9, apoptosis-related cysteine protease), casp3a (caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine protease a) and cat (catalase), however, were significantly lower in the larvae sampled at day 20 than day 10. We provide evidence that virgin short-term exposure to LDPE fragments has minimal impact on biomarker responses in D. rerio larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Karami
- Laboratory of Aquatic Toxicology, Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - David B Groman
- Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Scott P Wilson
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales 2109, Australia
| | - Patimah Ismail
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Vasantha K Neela
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Selangor, Malaysia
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80
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Correlation between Prenatal Exposure to Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) and Infant Birth Outcomes: A Meta-Analysis and an Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14030268. [PMID: 28272363 PMCID: PMC5369104 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14030268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Only a few epidemiological studies have focused on the correlation between prenatal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and infant birth outcomes (IBO), and the results of these epidemiological studies are contradictory. The objective of this study was to assess the correlation between prenatal exposure to PBDEs (PEP) and IBO (i.e., birth weight) in an analysis of epidemiological studies and an experimental animals study. We searched databases of the medical literature (PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database, Cochrane Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) for articles and pooled the results of the included epidemiological studies. In parallel, birth outcomes (i.e., birth weights of pups) were collected from female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats exposed to decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) in the diet from five weeks of age to delivery. A significant negative relationship was found between human PBDE burden and birth weight in the analysis of seven epidemiological studies based on a random-effects model (β = −50.598; 95% confidence interval (CI) −95.914, −5.282; I2 = 11.8%; p = 0.029). In the experimental animal study, a significant decrease in birth weight in the DecaBDE-treated group was also observed (5.26 ± 0.39 vs. 5.8 ± 0.58, p = 0.0132). The results of our study contribute to increasing evidence suggesting that PEP adversely impacts IBO, especially birth weight.
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81
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Tang B, Luo XJ, Zeng YH, Mai BX. Tracing the Biotransformation of PCBs and PBDEs in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) Using Compound-Specific and Enantiomer-Specific Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:2705-2713. [PMID: 28208015 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b05130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Compound-specific and enantiomer-specific carbon isotope composition was investigated in terms of biotransformation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) as well as atropisomers of chiral PCB congeners in fish by exposing common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to certain PCB and PBDE congeners. The calculated carbon isotope enrichment factors (εC) for PCB 8, 18, and 45 were -1.99, -1.84, and -1.70‰, respectively, providing evidence of the metabolism of these congeners in fish. The stable carbon isotopic compositions of PBDE congeners clearly reflect the debromination of PBDEs in carp. Significant isotopic fractionation was also observed during the debromination process of BDE 153 (εC = -0.86‰). Stereoselective elimination of chiral PCB congeners 45, 91, and 95 was observed, indicating a stereoselective biotransformation process. The similar εC values for E1-PCB 45 (-1.63‰) and E2-PCB 45 (-1.74‰) indicated that both atropisomers were metabolized by the same reaction mechanisms and stereoselection did not occur at carbon bond cleavage. However, the εC values of (+)-PCB 91 (-1.5‰) and (-)-PCB 95 (-0.77‰) were significantly different from those of (-)-PCB 91 and (+)-PCB 95, respectively. In the latter, no significant isotopic fractionations were observed, indicating that the stereoselective elimination of PCB 91 and 95 could be caused by a different reaction mechanism in the two atropisomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Hong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Bi-Xian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Resources Utilization and Protection, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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82
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Thellmann P, Kuch B, Wurm K, Köhler HR, Triebskorn R. Water quality assessment in the "German River of the years 2014/2015": how a case study on the impact of a storm water sedimentation basin displayed impairment of fish health in the Argen River (Southern Germany). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES EUROPE 2017; 29:10. [PMID: 28316899 PMCID: PMC5339324 DOI: 10.1186/s12302-017-0108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present work investigates the impact of discharges from a storm water sedimentation basin (SSB) receiving runoff from a connected motorway in southern Germany. The study lasted for almost two years and was aimed at assessing the impact of the SSB on the fauna of the Argen River, which is a tributary of Lake Constance. Two sampling sites were examined up- and downstream of the SSB effluent. A combination of different diagnostic methods (fish embryo test with the zebrafish, histopathology, micronucleus test) was applied to investigate health impairment and genotoxic effects in indigenous fish as well as embryotoxic potentials in surface water and sediment samples of the Argen River, respectively, in samples of the SSB effluent. In addition, sediment samples from the Argen River and tissues of indigenous fish were used for chemical analyses of 33 frequently occurring pollutants by means of gas chromatography. Furthermore, the integrity of the macrozoobenthos community and the fish population were examined at both investigated sampling sites. RESULTS The chemical analyses revealed a toxic burden with trace substances (originating from traffic and waste water) in fish and sediments from both sampling sites. Fish embryo tests with native sediment and surface water samples resulted in various embryotoxic effects in exposed zebrafish embryos (Fig. 1). In addition, the health condition of the investigated fish species (e.g., severe alterations in the liver and kidney) provided clear evidence of water contamination at both Argen River sites (Fig. 2). At distinct points in time, some parameters (fish development, kidney and liver histopathology) indicated stronger effects at the sampling site downstream of the SSB effluent than at the upstream site. CONCLUSIONS Our results clearly showed that the SSB cannot be assigned as the main source of pollutants that are released into the investigated Argen River section. Moreover, we showed that there is moderate background pollution with substances originating from waste waters and traffic which still should be taken seriously, particularly with regard to the impairment of fish health at both investigated field sites. Since the Argen is a tributary of Lake Constance, our results call for a management plan to ensure and improve the river's ecological stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Thellmann
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Animal Physiological Ecology, Institute for Evolution and Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Bertram Kuch
- Institute for Sanitary Engineering, Water Quality and Solid Waste Management, University of Stuttgart, Bandtäle 2, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Karl Wurm
- Gewässerökologisches Labor Starzach, Tulpenstr. 4, 72181 Starzach, Germany
| | - Heinz-R. Köhler
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rita Triebskorn
- Animal Physiological Ecology, University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 5, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Steinbeis Transfer-Center for Ecotoxicology and Ecophysiology, Blumenstr. 13, 72108 Rottenburg, Germany
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83
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Arkoosh MR, Van Gaest AL, Strickland SA, Hutchinson GP, Krupkin AB, Dietrich JP. Alteration of thyroid hormone concentrations in juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) exposed to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, BDE-47 and BDE-99. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 171:1-8. [PMID: 28006665 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been used as flame-retardants in consumer products and are currently detected in salmon globally. The two most predominant PBDE congeners found in salmon are BDE-47 (2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether) and BDE-99 (2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether). In the present study, groups of juvenile Pacific Chinook salmon were fed five environmentally relevant concentrations of either BDE-47 (0.3-552 ng total PBDEs/g food), BDE-99 (0.3-580 ng total PBDEs/g food), or nearly equal mixtures of both congeners (0.7-690 ng total PBDEs/g food) for 39-40 days. The concentrations of circulating total thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3), were measured using a hormone-specific time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay to determine if PBDE exposure disrupts the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid endocrine axis. The concentrations of both circulating T4 and T3 were altered in juvenile salmon by dietary uptake of BDE-99. Exposure to BDE-47 did not alter either T3 or T4 circulating hormone concentrations. However, exposure to a mixture of BDE-47 and BDE-99 reduced T3 in fish with lower concentrations of total whole body PBDEs than with either congener alone at equivalent PBDE whole body concentrations. Accordingly, the disruption of PBDEs on circulating thyroid hormone concentrations has the potential to impact a number of critical functions in juvenile salmon including growth, parr-smolt transformation, and immunological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary R Arkoosh
- Environmental & Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA.
| | - Ahna L Van Gaest
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Stacy A Strickland
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Greg P Hutchinson
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Alex B Krupkin
- Frank Orth & Associates, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Joseph P Dietrich
- Environmental & Fisheries Science Division, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 2032 South East OSU Drive, Newport, OR 97365, USA
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84
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Zhou Y, Chen Q, Du X, Yin G, Qiu Y, Ye L, Zhu Z, Zhao J. Occurrence and trophic magnification of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their methoxylated derivatives in freshwater fish from Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:932-938. [PMID: 27707599 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers (MeO-PBDEs) were analyzed in eleven freshwater fish species from Dianshan Lake, Shanghai, China. The highest concentrations of PBDEs and MeO-PBDEs were found in snakehead, with mean values of 38 ng g-1 lw and 4.2 ng g-1 lw, respectively. BDE-47 was the predominant congener of PBDEs, followed by BDE-154. Congener pattern variation of PBDEs was observed among different fish species, implying differences in biotransformation potential among fish. Yellow catfish showed highest concentrations of BDE-99, -153 and -183, suggesting that it is more resistant to debromination than any other fish analyzed in the present study. Trophic magnification factors were in the range of 1.35-1.81 for all the PBDE congeners, but not for 2'-MeO-BDE-68. Negative relationship was observed between PBDEs concentration and sample size (length and weight), indicating fish size dilution effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Qiaofeng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xinyu Du
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ge Yin
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm University, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yanling Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment (Ministry of Education), College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China.
| | - Lu Ye
- Jiading District Environmental Monitoring Station, Shanghai 201822, China
| | - Zhiliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jianfu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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85
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Bischof I, Köster J, Segner H, Schlechtriem C. Hepatocytes as in vitro test system to investigate metabolite patterns of pesticides in farmed rainbow trout and common carp: Comparison between in vivo and in vitro and across species. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 187:62-73. [PMID: 27185525 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In vitro tools using isolated primary fish hepatocytes have been proposed as a useful model to study the hepatic metabolism of xenobiotics in fish. In order to evaluate the potential of in vitro fish hepatocyte assays to provide information on in vivo metabolite patterns of pesticides in farmed fish, the present study addressed the following questions: Are in vitro and in vivo metabolite patterns comparable? Are species specific differences of metabolite patterns in vivo reflected in vitro? Are metabolite patterns obtained from cryopreserved hepatocytes comparable to those from freshly isolated cells? Rainbow trout and common carp were dosed orally with feed containing the pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) for 14days. In parallel, in vitro incubations using suspensions of freshly isolated or cryopreserved primary hepatocytes obtained from both species were performed. In vivo and in vitro samples were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography with authentic standards supported by HPLC-MS. Comparable metabolite patterns from a qualitative perspective were observed in liver in vivo and in hepatocyte suspensions in vitro. Species specific differences of MXC metabolite patterns observed between rainbow trout and common carp in vivo were well reflected by experiments with hepatocytes in vitro. Finally, cryopreserved hepatocytes produced comparable metabolite patterns to freshly isolated cells. The results of this study indicate that the in vitro hepatocyte assay could be used to identify metabolite patterns of pesticides in farmed fish and could thus serve as a valuable tool to support in vivo studies as required for pesticides approval according to the EU regulation 1107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Bischof
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany; Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Jessica Köster
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
| | - Helmut Segner
- Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christian Schlechtriem
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Auf dem Aberg 1, 57392 Schmallenberg, Germany
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86
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Zhang W, Liang J, Li J, Lin K, Fu R. Diverse impacts of a step and repeated BDE209-Pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of BDE209 in earthworms. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 159:235-243. [PMID: 27295440 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) and lead (Pb) are the two common contaminants at e-waste recycling sites (EWRSs). A laboratory incubation study was conducted to explore the impacts of a step and repeated BDE209-Pb exposures on accumulation and metabolism of BDE209 in earthworms Eisenia fetida for the first time. The results indicated that BDE209 concentrations in repetitively-polluted soils were clearly higher. And the existence of high-level Pb could promote the bioaccumulation of BDE209 in earthworms along the exposure time. The post-clitellum contents of BDE209 were more than the pre-clitellum during the entire incubation. Additionally, GC/MS analysis results demonstrated that BDE206, BDE208, BDE153, BDE99, BDE47 and BDE28 could be detected in Eisenia fetida throughout 28-d experiment, and BDE206 and BDE208 were predominant metabolic products. A step exposure decreased the capability to metabolize BDE209 in the presence of Pb. Average bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for a step treatment was 0.525, as well as it was more than 1.1 times that of repeated exposure (BAF = 0.48). SEM observations suggested that a step exposure mode aggravated the damage in earthworms than repeated exposure. The results and related findings will establish a useful scientific basis for soil ecological risk assessment at EWRSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jun Liang
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Jing Li
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Kuangfei Lin
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Environmental Risk Assessment and Control on Chemical Process, Shanghai, 200237, China; School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Rongbing Fu
- Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai, 200233, China.
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87
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Wegner S, Browne P, Dix D. Identifying reference chemicals for thyroid bioactivity screening. Reprod Toxicol 2016; 65:402-413. [PMID: 27589887 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Reference chemicals were selected based on thyroid bioactivity in 'Tier 1' screening assays used by the U.S. EPA's Endocrine Disruptor Screening Program. Active reference chemicals had significant effects on thyroid-responsive endpoints in the amphibian metamorphosis assay, and the male and female pubertal rat assays. In the absence of thyroid weight or histopathological effects, additional published studies providing mechanistic data on thyroid activity were required for active chemicals. Inactive reference chemicals had no significant effects on thyroid-responsive endpoints in Tier 1 assays, or in amphibian or rodent studies from several online databases. The 34 reference chemicals (29 active and five inactive) will be useful for performance-based validation of alternative, high throughput screening assays for thyroid bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Wegner
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, TN, United States.
| | - Patience Browne
- Office of Science Coordination and Policy (OSCP), Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., United States
| | - David Dix
- Office of Science Coordination and Policy (OSCP), Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, U.S. EPA, Washington, D.C., United States
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88
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Thornton LM, Path EM, Venables BJ, Sellin Jeffries MK. The endocrine effects of dietary brominated diphenyl ether-47 exposure, measured across multiple levels of biological organization, in breeding fathead minnows. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2016; 35:2048-2057. [PMID: 26749031 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to evaluate the reproductive function of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to brominated diphenyl ether-47 (BDE-47) at doses lower than those used in previous studies. This was accomplished by evaluating the impacts of BDE-47 exposures across multiple levels of biological organization. Breeding pairs were exposed to BDE-47 via diet for 21 d, during which reproductive success was monitored. At the conclusion of the exposure, fish were euthanized to assess the effects of BDE-47 on sex steroid-related and thyroid-related transcripts, plasma androgen levels, gonadosomatic index (GSI), and secondary sexual characteristics. Several alterations in gene expression were noted including a >2.1-fold decrease in hepatic estrogen receptor α (erα) and a 2.9-fold decrease in ovarian aromatase (arom). In addition, BDE-47-exposed males experienced increases in deiodinase 2 (dio2) expression in brain tissue (∼1.5-fold) and decreases in hepatic transthyretin (ttr) expression (∼1.4-fold). Together, these gene expression alterations suggest the potential for BDE-47 to disrupt endocrine signaling. There were no significant differences in plasma hormone levels, GSI, secondary sexual characteristics, or reproductive success. Overall, the present study demonstrates that exposure to BDE-47 is capable of altering both sex steroid-related and thyroid-related transcripts but that these observed alterations do not necessarily manifest themselves at higher levels of biological organization for the endpoints selected. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2048-2057. © 2016 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah M Thornton
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Elise M Path
- Department of Biology, Texas Christian University, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Barney J Venables
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas, USA
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89
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Guomao Z, Yi W, Jianying H. Intrinsic Clearance of Xenobiotic Chemicals by Liver Microsomes: Assessment of Trophic Magnification Potentials. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:6343-53. [PMID: 27152959 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b01178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The use of trophic magnification factors (TMFs) to characterize the bioaccumulation potentials of chemicals was encouraged; however, the method for the assessment of trophic magnification potentials is still lacking. We optimized the in vitro assays used for the measurement of intrinsic clearance in liver microsomes by incorporating benzo[a]pyrene (B(a)P) as a benchmark compound. The intrinsic clearance of 40 compounds was then measured in microsomes from fish (weevers) and birds (quail); the characteristics of the trophic transfer of these 40 compounds were previously investigated in an aquatic food web in Bohai in northern China. Chemicals that are biotransformed at a rate similar to or higher than that of B[a]P in the microsomes of both weevers and quail (in vitro intrinsic clearance values, CL; CL/CLB[a]P: 0.1 to 2.4) generally exhibited no significant trophic magnification or dilution in the food web (TMF ≈ 1 or < 1), whereas chemicals that are biotransformed at extremely slow rates compared with B[a]P (CL/CLB[a]P: 0 to 0.2) showed significant trophic magnification in the food web (TMF > 1). The in vitro intrinsic clearance values of the target chemicals were found to be consistent with their respective trophic transfer behavior in the aquatic food web. Significant negative correlations were also found between the TMFs and the intrinsic clearance values of all target chemicals obtained in microsomes from both weevers and quail. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that biotransformation rates (CL/CLB[a]P) are a more important factor compared with the lipophilicity of the chemicals (log Kow) in the assessment of the trophic magnification of chemicals in the aquatic food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Guomao
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wan Yi
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hu Jianying
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
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90
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Díaz-Jaramillo M, Miglioranza KSB, Gonzalez M, Barón E, Monserrat JM, Eljarrat E, Barceló D. Uptake, metabolism and sub-lethal effects of BDE-47 in two estuarine invertebrates with different trophic positions. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:608-617. [PMID: 27017137 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two microcosm types -sediment-biota and biota-biota- were constructed to simulate different pathways of BDE-47 uptake, metabolism and oxidative stress effects in two key estuarine invertebrates (polychaete Laeonereis acuta and crab Cyrtograpsus angulatus). In the sediment-biota experiment, both species were exposed to spiked sediments; an environmentally reported and a high concentration of BDE-47 for 2 weeks. In the biota-biota experiment, crabs were fed with polychaetes pre-exposed to BDE-47 in the sediment-biota experiment. The sediment-biota experiment first revealed that polychaetes significantly accumulated BDE-47 (biota-sediment accumulation factor >2; p < 0.05) to a much greater extent than the crab organs (muscle, hepatopancreas, gills) at both sediment concentrations. For oxidative stress responses, polychaete and crab tissues exposed to spiked sediment showed a significant increase (p < 0.05) of only glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity with respect to controls in both BDE-47 concentrations. No lipid peroxidation (TBARS) or total antioxidant capacity (ACAP) changes were evident in the species or organs exposed to either BDE-47 sediment concentration. The biota-biota experiment showed that feeding crabs with pre-exposed polychaetes caused BDE-47 accumulation in organs as well as significant amounts of BDE-47 eliminated through feces (p < 0.05). Unlike the sediment-biota exposure, crabs fed with pre-exposed BDE-47 polychaetes showed the most conspicuous oxidative stress responses. Significant changes in GST and ACAP in both hepatopancreas and gills, in addition to enhanced TBARS levels in the hepatopancreas with respect to controls (p < 0.05), revealed that BDE-47 assimilated by invertebrates represents a potential source of toxicity to their predators. No methoxylated metabolites (MeO-PBDEs) were detected during BDE-47 metabolism in the invertebrates in either of the two different exposure types. In contrast, hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PBDEs) were detected in polychaetes and crab organs/feces in both experiments. Our results demonstrate that PBDE hydroxylation is one of the main biotransformation routes of BDE-47 in estuarine animals, which could be associated with the oxidative stress responses found.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Díaz-Jaramillo
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Argentina.
| | - K S B Miglioranza
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Argentina
| | - M Gonzalez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología y Contaminación Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC), Universidad de Mar del Plata-CONICET, Argentina
| | - E Barón
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - J M Monserrat
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - E Eljarrat
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- Water and Soil Quality Research Group, Dep. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
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91
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Roscales JL, Vicente A, Muñoz-Arnanz J, Morales L, Abad E, Aguirre JI, Jiménez B. Influence of trophic ecology on the accumulation of dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs), non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in Mediterranean gulls (Larus michahellis and L. audouinii): A three-isotope approach. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 212:307-315. [PMID: 26854700 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.01.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The impact of pollution caused by severe anthropogenic pressure in the Mediterranean Sea, an important biodiversity hotspot, requires continuous research efforts. Sources of highly toxic chemicals such as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) are misunderstood in representative Mediterranean species, which limits our capability to establish proper conservation strategies. In the present study, eggs of Audouin's and yellow-legged gulls (Larus audouinii and L. michahellis) were used to investigate the trophic sources, as measured by δ(13)C, δ(15)N, and δ(34)S, of legacy POPs, in particular, polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans (PCDD/Fs) and non-ortho polychlorinated biphenyls (no-PCBs), as well as recently-regulated POPs, e.g., polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Special attention was paid to the usefulness of rarely-explored δ(34)S ratios in explaining POP exposure in wildlife, and δ(34)S was the isotopic ratio that best explained POP variations among gulls in most cases, thus demonstrating its usefulness for understanding POP exposure in wildlife. Significant relationships between stable isotope signatures and POP concentrations revealed increasing levels of no-PCBs and low halogenated PCDD/Fs and PBDEs in Mediterranean gulls as the consumption of marine resources increases. In contrast, highly chlorinated and brominated congeners appeared to preferentially accumulate in gulls feeding primarily on refuse from dump sites and terrestrial food webs. The use of suitable dietary tracers in the study of POPs in yellow-legged gulls revealed the importance of dump sites as a source of POPs in Mediterranean seabirds, which has not previously been reported. In contrast, the preferential accumulation through marine food webs of low chlorinated PCCD/Fs and no-PCBs, which show the highest toxic equivalents factors (TEFs), led to a significantly greater toxicological concern in Audouin's as compared to yellow-legged gulls. Audouin's gull exposure to POPs appears primarily related to the pelagic food webs commonly exploited by fisheries, highlighting the need for further research given the potential impact on human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L Roscales
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Alba Vicente
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Muñoz-Arnanz
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Morales
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esteban Abad
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose I Aguirre
- Department of Zoology and Physic Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, University Complutense of Madrid, José Antonio Novais 2, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Begoña Jiménez
- Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, IQOG-CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
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92
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Yang F, Li Q, Su G, Huang X, Li B, Zhao Y, Miao X, Zheng M. Thermal degradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) over synthesized Fe-Al composite oxide. CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 150:445-452. [PMID: 26791419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.12.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A series of Fe-Al composite oxides were synthesized by the hydrothermal method using different urea dosages and examined towards the degradation of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) at 300 °C. The as-prepared oxides were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The morphology and composition of the prepared materials could be regulated by controlling the urea concentration. Interestingly, these properties influenced the nature and amount of the hydrodebromination products generated during the degradation of BDE-47. The degradation of BDE-47 over the composite oxide prepared at a urea dosage of 3 mmol generated BDE-17 as the major isomer product, followed by BDE-28/33, -30, and -32, among the tribromodiphenyl ethers (tri-BDEs). Regarding the dibromodiphenyl ethers (di-BDEs) produced, the amount of the isomers decreased in the order of BDE-8/11 > BDE-7 > BDE-15 > BDE-10. And the BDE-1 among monobromodiphenyl was determined. In contrast, over the composite oxides prepared at urea dosages greater than 3 mmol, BDE-28/33 gradually become the major isomer product instead of BDE-17 among tri-BDEs. The amount of the other di-BDEs isomer such as BDE-15 and -10 approach to be comparable to that BDE-8/11. However, regardless of the urea dosage, BDE-47 converted into BDE-75 via an isomerization reaction. Based on these intermediate products identification, a possible hydrodebromination mechanism of BDE-47 over Fe-Al composite oxide was comprehensively traced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Guijin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Xinchen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Binke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yanhui Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Xue Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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93
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Carlsson P, Crosse JD, Halsall C, Evenset A, Heimstad ES, Harju M. Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) and legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in halibut and shrimp from coastal areas in the far north of Norway: Small survey of important dietary foodstuffs for coastal communities. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 105:81-87. [PMID: 26948293 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.02.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and shrimps (Pandalus borealis) are regular foodstuffs for communities in northern Norway and important species for the coastal fishing industry. This is the first study to present a comprehensive overview of the contaminant status of these species, with emphasis on unregulated perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS). The contaminant concentrations were low and within tolerable levels for human dietary exposure. Median Σpolychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) were 4.9 and 2.5ng/g ww for halibut and unpeeled shrimps, respectively. Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) - the most abundant PFASs - were 0.9 and 2.7ng/g ww in halibut and shrimp, respectively. The halibut fillets were dominated by PCBs, which contributed to 50% of the total POPs load, followed by ΣDDTs; 26% and PFASs (18%), whereas shrimps were dominated by PFASs (74%). ΣPBDEs (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) contributed to 1-4% of the total POP load. Local sources are not contributing significantly to the contaminant burden in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernilla Carlsson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), NO-0134, Oslo, Norway; Akvaplan-niva, NO-9171 Longyearbyen, Svalbard, Norway; Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - John D Crosse
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Crispin Halsall
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Evenset
- Akvaplan-niva, The Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Eldbjørg S Heimstad
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, The Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Mikael Harju
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, The Fram Centre, NO-9296 Tromsø, Norway
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94
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Xia X, Huang C, Zhang D, Zhang Y, Xue S, Wang X, Zhang Q, Guo L. Molecular cloning, characterization, and the response of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and catalase to PBDE-47 and -209 from the freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 51:200-210. [PMID: 26915310 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers-47 (PBDE-47) and -209 are significant components of total PBDEs in water and can catalyze the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the organisms. Anti-oxidant enzymes play an important role in scavenging the high level of ROS. In the current study, two full-length cDNAs of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CuZnSODs) and catalase (CAT) were isolated from freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana by rapid amplification of cDNA ends approach and respectively named as AwSOD and AwCAT. The nucleotide sequence of AwSOD cDNA had an open reading frame (ORF) of 465 bp encoding a polypeptide of 155 amino acids in which signature 1 GKHGFHVHEFGDNT and signature 2 GNAGARSACGVI of SODs were observed. Deduced amino acid sequence of AwSOD showed a significant similarity with that of CuZnSODs. AwCAT had an ORF 1536 bp encoding a polypeptide of 512 amino acids which contains a conserved catalytic site motif, and a proximal heme-ligand signature motif of CATs. The time-course expressions of AwSOD and AwCAT in hepatopancreas were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Expressions of AwSOD and AwCAT showed a significant up-regulation in groups at a low concentration treatment of PBDE-47, a biphasic pattern in groups with a high concentration treatment. Administration of PBDE-209 could result in an up-regulation of AwSOD and AwCAT expressions with time- and dose-dependent matter. These results indicate that up-regulations of AwSOD and AwCAT expression of hepatopancreas of freshwater bivalve A. woodiana contribute to eliminate oxidative stress derived from PBDE-47 and -209 treated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xichao Xia
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Chuanfeng Huang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Dongxian Zhang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan Traditional Medicine University, Zhengzhou 45002, Henan Province, China
| | - Shipeng Xue
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiying Wang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Qingyuan Zhang
- Basal Medicine Institution of Nanyang Medical College, Nanyang 473041, Henan Province, China
| | - Lianghong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology, Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
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95
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Sun R, Luo X, Tang B, Li Z, Wang T, Tao L, Mai B. Persistent halogenated compounds in fish from rivers in the Pearl River Delta, South China: Geographical pattern and implications for anthropogenic effects on the environment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 146:371-378. [PMID: 26821261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Three fish species, mud carp (Cirrhinus molitorella), tilapia (Tilapia nilotica), and plecostomus (Hypostomus plecostomus), from rivers in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) were analyzed for dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites (DDTs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and Dechlorane Plus (DP). The concentrations of DDTs, HCHs, PCBs, PBDEs, DBDPE, and DP ranged from 380-57,000, 5.5-100, 30-4200, 6.9-690, 0.29-460, and 0.09-20ng/g lipid weight, respectively. Congener profiles or chemical compositions of PBDEs, DPs, DDTs, and HCHs in plecostomus differed significantly from those in the other two fish species, which can be ascribed to species-specific metabolism. DDTs derived from historical residue and land erosion remained the predominant pollutants in the PRD, while industrial and urban activities resulted in elevated levels of PCBs and PBDEs in the metropolitan area. E-waste recycling activities have greatly impacted on the adjacent aquatic environment, and the potential point source for DBDPE was also revealed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxia Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongrui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Bixian Mai
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
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96
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Hakk H. Comparative Metabolism Studies of Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) Diastereomers in Male Rats Following a Single Oral Dose. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:89-96. [PMID: 26629593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b04510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Male Sprague-Dawley rats were dosed orally with 3 mg/kg of one of three hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) diastereomers. Each diastereomer was well absorbed (73-83%), and distributed preferentially to lipophilic tissues. Feces were the major route of excretion; cumulatively accounting for 42% of dose for α-HBCD, 59% for ß-HBCD, and 53% for γ-HBCD. Urine was also an important route of HBCD excretion, accounting for 13% of dose for α-HBCD, 30% for ß-HBCD, and 21% for γ-HBCD. Total metabolism of HBCD diastereomers followed the rank order ß > γ > α, and was >65% of that administered. The metabolites formed were distinct in male rats: α-HBCD did not debrominate or stereoisomerize, but formed two hydroxylated metabolites; ß- and γ-HBCD were both extensively metabolized via pathways of stereoisomerization, oxidation, dehydrogenation, reductive debromination, and ring opening. ß-HBCD was biotransformed to two mercapturic acid pathway metabolites. The metabolites of ß- and γ-HBCD were largely distinct, and could possibly be used as markers of exposure. These isomer-specific data suggest that α-HBCD would be the most dominant HBCD diastereomer in biological tissues because it was metabolized to the lowest degree and also accumulated from the stereoisomerization of the β- and γ- diastereomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heldur Hakk
- USDA Agriculture Research Service, 1605 Albrecht Blvd Biosciences Research Laboratory, Fargo, North Dakota 58102-2765, United States
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97
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Mackintosh SA, Wallace JS, Gross MS, Navarro DD, Pérez-Fuentetaja A, Alaee M, Montecastro D, Aga DS. Review on the occurrence and profiles of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the Philippines. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2015; 85:314-326. [PMID: 26453821 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 08/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The environmental occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) has been a subject of concern for the past decade because they are persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. These compounds have been listed as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by the Stockholm Convention and are expected to disperse in the global environment even after their use and production. While the occurrence of PBDEs has been well characterized in environmental and biological samples from North America, Europe, and some Asian countries (i.e. China, Japan, and Korea), there is a scarcity of available data in developing Asian countries, such as the Philippines. Examination of PBDE contamination in the Philippine environment is particularly important because regulations have only recently been implemented on the production and use of PBDEs in this country. Additionally, the Philippines receives e-waste from Western countries, which is becoming a major source of organic contaminants in the tropical Asian regions. Ultimately, the Philippines may be a hot spot for contributing to on-going global PBDE pollution due to long-range atmospheric transport. This paper presents a review of the available literature on PBDEs in both environmental and biological samples collected from the Philippines. It is also intended to provide an overview on the levels and congener profiles of PBDEs in samples from the Philippines and to compare these data with other Asian countries. New data are presented on PBDE occurrence and congener profiles in fish commonly consumed by Filipinos and in particulate matter samples collected in Metro Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Both studies contribute to the available knowledge of PBDEs in the Philippines. We aim to stress the importance of future studies in countries receiving e-wastes, such as the Philippines, and suggest what future directions might be taken to enhance the available data on the presence of PBDEs in the Philippine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan A Mackintosh
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Joshua S Wallace
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Michael S Gross
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
| | - Denise D Navarro
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Alicia Pérez-Fuentetaja
- Department of Biology and Great Lakes Center, The State University of New York- Buffalo State, Buffalo, NY 14222, USA.
| | - Mehran Alaee
- Aquatic Ecosystem Protection Research Division, Water Science and Technology Directorate, Environment Canada, Burlington, Ontario L7R 4A6, Canada.
| | - Doris Montecastro
- Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines.
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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98
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Kim UJ, Jo H, Lee IS, Joo GJ, Oh JE. Investigation of bioaccumulation and biotransformation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, hydroxylated and methoxylated derivatives in varying trophic level freshwater fishes. CHEMOSPHERE 2015; 137:108-114. [PMID: 26092317 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.05.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations and distributions of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their hydroxylated and methoxylated derivatives (OH- and MeO-BDEs) were determined in seven representative fish species from a river in the Republic of Korea. The PBDEs and their derivatives were found to be accumulated in the internal organs of the fish to different extents. PBDEs were preferentially accumulated in the internal organs rather than muscle tissue, and especially, showed increasing accumulation tendencies with increasing bromination level in liver. The OH-BDEs and MeO-BDEs were preferentially accumulated in the liver and gastrointestinal tract, respectively. MeO-BDE concentrations were found to increase according to relative trophic level, suggesting that the PBDE derivatives can be biomagnified to a greater extent than the parent PBDEs in freshwater food webs. In a comparison with the dissolved analyte concentrations in the water that were measured by using semi-permeable membrane devices, the greater uptake of non-ortho substituted MeO-BDEs by fish was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Un-Jung Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea; Center for Environment, Health and Welfare Research, Korea Institute Science and Technology (KIST), 39-1, Hawolgok-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunbin Jo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Seok Lee
- National Fisheries Research & Development Institute (NFRDI), 216, Gijanghaeanro, Gijang-Eup, Gijang-Gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Gea-Jae Joo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Eun Oh
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Pusan National University, San 30, Jangjeon-dong, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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99
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Luigi V, Giuseppe M, Claudio R. Emerging and priority contaminants with endocrine active potentials in sediments and fish from the River Po (Italy). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:14050-14066. [PMID: 25956513 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a substantial lack of information on most priority pollutants, related contamination trends, and (eco)toxicological risks for the major Italian watercourse, the River Po. Targeting substances of various uses and origins, this study provides the first systematic data for the River Po on a wide set of priority and emerging chemicals, all characterized by endocrine-active potentials. Flame retardants, natural and synthetic hormones, surfactants, personal care products, legacy pollutants, and other chemicals have been investigated in sediments from the River Po and its tributary, the River Lambro, as well as in four fish species from the final section of the main river. With few exceptions, all chemicals investigated could be tracked in the sediments of the main Italian river for tens or hundreds of kilometres downstream from the Lambro tributary. Nevertheless, the results indicate that most of these contaminants, i.e., TBBPA, TCBPA, TBBPA-bis, DBDPE, HBCD, BPA, OP, TCS, TCC, AHTN, HHCB, and DDT, individually pose a negligible risk to the River Po. In contrast, PBDE, PCB, natural and synthetic estrogens, and to a much lower extent NP, were found at levels of concern either to aquatic life or human health. Adverse biological effects and prohibition of fish consumption deserve research attention and management initiatives, also considering the transport of contaminated sediments to transitional and coastal environments of the Italian river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viganò Luigi
- National Research Council (CNR), Istituto di Ricerca Sulle Acque (Water Research Institute), Sezione di Brugherio, Via del Mulino, 19, 20861, Brugherio, MB, Italy,
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100
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Du L, Sun W, Zhang H, Chen D. BDE-209 inhibits pluripotent genes expression and induces apoptosis in human embryonic stem cells. J Appl Toxicol 2015. [PMID: 26206603 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) has been detected in human serum, semen, placenta, cord blood and milk worldwide. However, little is known regarding the potential effects on the early human embryonic development of BDE-209. In this study, human embryonic stem cell lines FY-hES-10 and FY-hES-26 were used to evaluate the potential effects and explore the toxification mechanisms using low-level BDE-209 exposure. Our data showed that BDE-209 exposure (1, 10 and 100 nM) reduced the expression of pluripotent genes such as OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG and induced human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) apoptosis. The downregulation of BIRC5/BCL2 and upregulation of BAX were related to apoptosis of hESCs induced by BDE-209 exposure. A mechanism study showed that OCT4 down-regulation accompanied by OCT4 promoter hypermethylation and increasing miR-145/miR-335 levels, OCT4 inhibitors. Moreover, BDE-209 could increase the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decrease SOD2 expression. The ROS increase and OCT4 downregulation after BDE-209 exposure could be reversed partly by antioxidant N-acetylcysteine supplement. These findings showed that BDE-209 exposure could decrease pluripotent genes expression via epigenetic regulation and induce apoptosis through ROS generation in human embryonic stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China
| | - Dunjin Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangzhou, People's Republic of, China
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