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Yang M, Han X, Yang J, Jiang Y, Hu Y. The Arabidopsis circadian clock protein PRR5 interacts with and stimulates ABI5 to modulate abscisic acid signaling during seed germination. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:3022-3041. [PMID: 34152411 PMCID: PMC8462813 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Seed germination and postgerminative growth require the precise coordination of multiple intrinsic and environmental signals. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) suppresses these processes in Arabidopsis thaliana and the circadian clock contributes to the regulation of ABA signaling. However, the molecular mechanism underlying circadian clock-mediated ABA signaling remains largely unknown. Here, we found that the core circadian clock proteins PSEUDO-RESPONSE REGULATOR5 (PRR5) and PRR7 physically associate with ABSCISIC ACID-INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), a crucial transcription factor of ABA signaling. PRR5 and PRR7 positively modulate ABA signaling redundantly during seed germination. Disrupting PRR5 and PRR7 simultaneously rendered germinating seeds hyposensitive to ABA, whereas the overexpression of PRR5 enhanced ABA signaling to inhibit seed germination. Consistent with this, the expression of several ABA-responsive genes is upregulated by PRR proteins. Genetic analysis demonstrated that PRR5 promotes ABA signaling mainly dependently on ABI5. Further mechanistic investigation revealed that PRR5 stimulates the transcriptional function of ABI5 without affecting its stability. Collectively, our results indicate that these PRR proteins function synergistically with ABI5 to activate ABA responses during seed germination, thus providing a mechanistic understanding of how ABA signaling and the circadian clock are directly integrated through a transcriptional complex involving ABI5 and central circadian clock components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milian Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Jiajia Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanjuan Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
| | - Yanru Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Center of Economic Botany, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Author for correspondence:
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Ulum FB, Hadacek F, Hörandl E. Polyploidy Improves Photosynthesis Regulation within the Ranunculus auricomus Complex (Ranunculaceae). BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080811. [PMID: 34440043 PMCID: PMC8389576 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Genome duplication or multiplication, polyploidy, has contributed substantially to the evolutionary success of plants. Polyploidy is often connected to a higher resilience to environmental stress. We have chosen the goldilocks, the Ranunculus auricomus complex, to study effects of light stress. In this species complex, diploid (2x), tetraploid (4x), and hexaploid (6x) cytotypes occur in Central Europe in both shaded and sun-exposed habitats. In this study, we exposed them to different photoperiods in climate growth chambers to explore how the efficiency of photosynthesis varied between the various ploidies (2x, 4x, and 6x). We used fluorescence experiments exploring the proportion of light that is captured for photosynthesis and the resulting energy fluxes. In addition, quenching coefficients can be calculated that inform about the capability of a plant to deal with excess light. We found that the polyploids can quench excess light better, which concurs with their adaptation to open habitats and their predominantly asexual mode of reproduction that is probably favored by low stress levels in the reproductive tissues. Abstract Polyploidy has substantially contributed to successful plant evolution, and is often connected to a higher resilience to environmental stress. We test the hypothesis that polyploids tolerate light stress better than diploids. The Ranunculus auricomus complex comprises diploid (2x), tetraploid (4x), and hexaploid (6x) cytotypes, the former of which occur in shaded habitats and the latter more in open, sun-exposed habitats in Central Europe. In this study, we experimentally explored the effects of ploidy and photoperiod extension on the efficiency of photosystem II in the three cytotypes in climate growth chambers. Quantum yields and various coefficients that can be calculated from light curve, Kautsky curve, and fluorescent transient OJIP experiments provided support for the hypothesis that, in comparison to diploids, the improved regulation of excess light by more efficient photochemical and non-chemical quenching in polyploids might have facilitated the adaptation to unshaded habitats. We suggest how lower stress levels in reproductive tissues of polyploids might have favored asexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuad Bahrul Ulum
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
- Georg-August University School of Science (GAUSS), University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Biology Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Jember University, Jember 68121, Indonesia
| | - Franz Hadacek
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany;
| | - Elvira Hörandl
- Department of Systematics, Biodiversity and Evolution of Plants, Albrecht-von-Haller Institute for Plant Sciences, University of Göttingen, 37073 Göttingen, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-551-39-7843
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53
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Jiménez A, Sevilla F, Martí MC. Reactive oxygen species homeostasis and circadian rhythms in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:5825-5840. [PMID: 34270727 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms by which plants sense and respond to environmental stimuli that influence their growth and yield is a prerequisite for understanding the adaptation of plants to climate change. Plants are sessile organisms and one important factor for their successful acclimation is the temporal coordination of the 24 h daily cycles and the stress response. The crosstalk between second messengers, such as Ca2+, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and hormones is a fundamental aspect in plant adaptation and survival under environmental stresses. In this sense, the circadian clock, in conjunction with Ca2+- and hormone-signalling pathways, appears to act as an important mechanism controlling plant adaptation to stress. The relationship between the circadian clock and ROS-generating and ROS-scavenging mechanisms is still not fully understood, especially at the post-transcriptional level and in stress situations in which ROS levels increase and changes in cell redox state occur. In this review, we summarize the information regarding the relationship between the circadian clock and the ROS homeostasis network. We pay special attention not only to the transcriptional regulation of ROS-generating and ROS-scavenging enzymes, but also to the few studies that have been performed at the biochemical level and those conducted under stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Jiménez
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centre of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisca Sevilla
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centre of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
| | - María Carmen Martí
- Abiotic Stress, Production and Quality Laboratory, Department of Stress Biology and Plant Pathology, Centre of Edaphology and Applied Biology of Segura (CEBAS-CSIC), Murcia, Spain
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54
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Masuda K, Fukuda H. Unstable Phase Response Curves Shown by Spatiotemporal Patterns in the Plant Root Circadian Clock. J Biol Rhythms 2021; 36:432-441. [PMID: 34313451 DOI: 10.1177/07487304211028440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Phase response curves (PRCs) play important roles in the entrainment of periodic environmental cycles. Measuring the PRC is necessary to elucidate the relationship between environmental cues and the circadian clock. Conversely, the PRCs of plant circadian clocks are unstable due to multiple factors such as biotic/abiotic noise, individual differences, changes in amplitude, growth stage, and organ/tissue specificity. However, evaluating the effect of each factor is important because PRCs are commonly obtained by determining the response of many individuals, which include different amplitude states and organs. The plant root circadian clock spontaneously generates a spatiotemporal pattern called a stripe pattern, whereby all phases of the circadian rhythm exist within an individual root. Therefore, stimulating a plant root expressing this pattern enables phase responses at all phases to be measured using an individual root. In this study, we measured PRCs for thermal stimuli using this spatiotemporal pattern method and found that the PRC changed asymmetrically with positive and negative temperature stimuli. Individual differences were observed for weak but not for strong temperature stimuli. The root PRC changed depending on the amplitude of the circadian rhythm. The PRC in the young root near the hypocotyl was more sensitive than those in older roots or near the tip. Simulation with a phase oscillator model revealed the effect of measurement and internal noises on the PRC. These results indicate that instability in the entrainment of the plant circadian clock involves multiple factors, each having different characteristics. These results may help us understand how plant circadian clocks adapt to unstable environments and how plant circadian clocks with different characteristics, such as organ, age, and amplitude, are integrated within individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Masuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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55
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Sorkin ML, Nusinow DA. Time Will Tell: Intercellular Communication in the Plant Clock. TRENDS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 26:706-719. [PMID: 33468432 DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2020.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms have evolved local and long-distance signaling mechanisms to synchronize development and response to stimuli among a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs. Biological timekeeping is one such activity that is suggested to be coordinated within an organism to anticipate and respond to daily and seasonal patterns in the environment. New research into the plant clock suggests circadian rhythms are communicated between cells and across long distances. However, further clarity is required on the nature of the signaling molecules and the mechanisms underlying signal translocation. Here we summarize the roles and properties of tissue-specific circadian rhythms, discuss the evidence for local and long-distance clock communication, and evaluate the potential signaling molecules and transport mechanisms involved in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L Sorkin
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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56
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Abstract
In rice, a small increase in nighttime temperature reduces grain yield and quality. How warm nighttime temperatures (WNT) produce these detrimental effects is not well understood, especially in field conditions where the typical day-to-night temperature fluctuation exceeds the mild increase in nighttime temperature. We observed genome-wide disruption of gene expression timing during the reproductive phase in field-grown rice panicles acclimated to 2 to 3 °C WNT. Transcripts previously identified as rhythmically expressed with a 24-h period and circadian-regulated transcripts were more sensitive to WNT than were nonrhythmic transcripts. The system-wide perturbations in transcript levels suggest that WNT disrupt the tight temporal coordination between internal molecular events and the environment, resulting in reduced productivity. We identified transcriptional regulators whose predicted targets are enriched for sensitivity to WNT. The affected transcripts and candidate regulators identified through our network analysis explain molecular mechanisms driving sensitivity to WNT and identify candidates that can be targeted to enhance tolerance to WNT.
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57
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Balcerowicz M, Mahjoub M, Nguyen D, Lan H, Stoeckle D, Conde S, Jaeger KE, Wigge PA, Ezer D. An early-morning gene network controlled by phytochromes and cryptochromes regulates photomorphogenesis pathways in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:983-996. [PMID: 33766657 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Light perception at dawn plays a key role in coordinating multiple molecular processes and in entraining the plant circadian clock. The Arabidopsis mutant lacking the main photoreceptors, however, still shows clock entrainment, indicating that the integration of light into the morning transcriptome is not well understood. In this study, we performed a high-resolution RNA-sequencing time-series experiment, sampling every 2 min beginning at dawn. In parallel experiments, we perturbed temperature, the circadian clock, photoreceptor signaling, and chloroplast-derived light signaling. We used these data to infer a gene network that describes the gene expression dynamics after light stimulus in the morning, and then validated key edges. By sampling time points at high density, we are able to identify three light- and temperature-sensitive bursts of transcription factor activity, one of which lasts for only about 8 min. Phytochrome and cryptochrome mutants cause a delay in the transcriptional bursts at dawn, and completely remove a burst of expression in key photomorphogenesis genes (HY5 and BBX family). Our complete network is available online (http://www-users.york.ac.uk/∼de656/dawnBurst/dawnBurst.html). Taken together, our results show that phytochrome and cryptochrome signaling is required for fine-tuning the dawn transcriptional response to light, but separate pathways can robustly activate much of the program in their absence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahiar Mahjoub
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Duy Nguyen
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hui Lan
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Susana Conde
- Department of Statistics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK; Alan Turing Institute, London, UK
| | - Katja E Jaeger
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Philip A Wigge
- Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops (IGZ), 14979 Großbeeren, Germany; Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Daphne Ezer
- Alan Turing Institute, London, UK; Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK.
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58
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Steed G, Ramirez DC, Hannah MA, Webb AAR. Chronoculture, harnessing the circadian clock to improve crop yield and sustainability. Science 2021; 372:372/6541/eabc9141. [PMID: 33926926 DOI: 10.1126/science.abc9141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human health is dependent on a plentiful and nutritious supply of food, primarily derived from crop plants. Rhythmic supply of light as a result of the day and night cycle led to the evolution of circadian clocks that modulate most plant physiology, photosynthesis, metabolism, and development. To regulate crop traits and adaptation, breeders have indirectly selected for variation at circadian genes. The pervasive impact of the circadian system on crops suggests that future food production might be improved by modifying circadian rhythms, engineering the timing of transgene expression, and applying agricultural treatments at the most effective time of day. We describe the applied research required to take advantage of circadian biology in agriculture to increase production and reduce inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Steed
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Dora Cano Ramirez
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK
| | - Matthew A Hannah
- BASF, BBCC-Innovation Center Gent, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 101, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Alex A R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EA, UK.
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59
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Tian W, Wang R, Bo C, Yu Y, Zhang Y, Shin GI, Kim WY, Wang L. SDC mediates DNA methylation-controlled clock pace by interacting with ZTL in Arabidopsis. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3764-3780. [PMID: 33675668 PMCID: PMC8053106 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular bases of eukaryotic circadian clocks mainly rely on transcriptional-translational feedback loops (TTFLs), while epigenetic codes also play critical roles in fine-tuning circadian rhythms. However, unlike histone modification codes that play extensive and well-known roles in the regulation of circadian clocks, whether DNA methylation (5mC) can affect the circadian clock, and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms, remains largely unexplored in many organisms. Here we demonstrate that global genome DNA hypomethylation can significantly lengthen the circadian period of Arabidopsis. Transcriptomic and genetic evidence demonstrate that SUPPRESSOR OF drm1 drm2 cmt3 (SDC), encoding an F-box containing protein, is required for the DNA hypomethylation-tuned circadian clock. Moreover, SDC can physically interact with another F-box containing protein ZEITLUPE (ZTL) to diminish its accumulation. Genetic analysis further revealed that ZTL and its substrate TIMING OF CAB EXPRESSION 1 (TOC1) likely act downstream of DNA methyltransferases to control circadian rhythm. Together, our findings support the notion that DNA methylation is important to maintain proper circadian pace in Arabidopsis, and further established that SDC links DNA hypomethylation with a proteolytic cascade to assist in tuning the circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Cunpei Bo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjun Yu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Gyeong-Im Shin
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Research Institute of Life Sciences (RILS) and Institute of Agricultural and Life Science(IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Woe-Yeon Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21Plus), Research Institute of Life Sciences (RILS) and Institute of Agricultural and Life Science(IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, People's Republic of China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, People's Republic of China
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60
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Kim JH, Bell LJ, Wang X, Wimalasekera R, Bastos HP, Kelly KA, Hannah MA, Webb AAR. Arabidopsis sirtuins and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases regulate gene expression in the day but do not affect circadian rhythms. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1451-1467. [PMID: 33464569 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is involved in redox homeostasis and acts as a substrate for NADases, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) that add poly(ADP-ribose) polymers to proteins and DNA, and sirtuins that deacetylate proteins. Nicotinamide, a by-product of NADases increases circadian period in both plants and animals. In mammals, the effect of nicotinamide on circadian period might be mediated by the PARPs and sirtuins because they directly bind to core circadian oscillator genes. We have investigated whether PARPs and sirtuins contribute to the regulation of the circadian oscillator in Arabidopsis. We found no evidence that PARPs and sirtuins regulate the circadian oscillator of Arabidopsis or are involved in the response to nicotinamide. RNA-seq analysis indicated that PARPs regulate the expression of only a few genes, including FLOWERING LOCUS C. However, we found profound effects of reduced sirtuin 1 expression on gene expression during the day but not at night, and an embryo lethal phenotype in knockouts. Our results demonstrate that PARPs and sirtuins are not associated with NAD regulation of the circadian oscillator and that sirtuin 1 is associated with daytime regulation of gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Hyeok Kim
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Laura J Bell
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Hugo P Bastos
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Krystyna A Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Matthew A Hannah
- Department of Trait Research, BBCC - Innovation Center Gent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alex A R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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61
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Paajanen P, Lane de Barros Dantas L, Dodd AN. Layers of crosstalk between circadian regulation and environmental signalling in plants. Curr Biol 2021; 31:R399-R413. [PMID: 33905701 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian regulation has a pervasive influence upon plant development, physiology and metabolism, impacting upon components of fitness and traits of agricultural importance. Circadian regulation is inextricably connected to the responses of plants to their abiotic environments, from the cellular to whole plant scales. Here, we review the crosstalk that occurs between circadian regulation and responses to the abiotic environment from the intracellular scale through to naturally fluctuating environments. We examine the spatial crosstalk that forms part of plant circadian regulation, at the subcellular, tissue, organ and whole-plant scales. This includes a focus on chloroplast and mitochondrial signalling, alternative splicing, long-distance circadian signalling and circadian regulation within natural environments. We also consider mathematical models for plant circadian regulation, to suggest future areas for advancing understanding of roles for circadian regulation in plant responses to environmental cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirita Paajanen
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | | | - Antony N Dodd
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.
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62
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Fitzpatrick TB, Noordally Z. Of clocks and coenzymes in plants: intimately connected cycles guiding central metabolism? THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 230:416-432. [PMID: 33264424 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Plant fitness is a measure of the capacity of a plant to survive and reproduce in its particular environment. It is inherently dependent on plant health. Molecular timekeepers like the circadian clock enhance fitness due to their ability to coordinate biochemical and physiological processes with the environment on a daily basis. Central metabolism underlies these events and it is well established that diel metabolite adjustments are intimately and reciprocally associated with the genetically encoded clock. Thus, metabolic pathway activities are time-of-day regulated. Metabolite rhythms are driven by enzymes, a major proportion of which rely on organic coenzymes to facilitate catalysis. The B vitamin complex is the key provider of coenzymes in all organisms. Emerging evidence suggests that B vitamin levels themselves undergo daily oscillations in animals but has not been studied in any depth in plants. Moreover, it is rarely considered that daily rhythmicity in coenzyme levels may dictate enzyme activity levels and therefore metabolite levels. Here we put forward the proposal that B-vitamin-derived coenzyme rhythmicity is intertwined with metabolic and clock derived rhythmicity to achieve a tripartite homeostasis integrated into plant fitness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa B Fitzpatrick
- Vitamins and Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
| | - Zeenat Noordally
- Vitamins and Environmental Stress Responses in Plants, Department of Botany and Plant Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva, 1211, Switzerland
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63
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Bhatta M, Sandro P, Smith MR, Delaney O, Voss-Fels KP, Gutierrez L, Hickey LT. Need for speed: manipulating plant growth to accelerate breeding cycles. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 60:101986. [PMID: 33418268 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2020.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
To develop more productive and resilient crops that are capable of feeding 10 billion people by 2050, we must accelerate the rate of genetic improvement in plant breeding programs. Speed breeding manipulates the growing environment by regulating light and temperature for the purpose of rapid generation advance. Protocols are now available for a range of short-day and long-day species and the approach is highly compatible with other cutting-edge breeding tools such as genomic selection. Here, we highlight how speed breeding hijacks biological processes for applied plant breeding outcomes and provide a case study examining wheat growth and development under speed breeding conditions. The establishment of speed breeding facilities worldwide is expected to provide benefits for capacity building, discovery research, pre-breeding, and plant breeding to accelerate the development of productive and robust crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhav Bhatta
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Bayer Crop Science, Chesterfield, MO 63017, USA
| | - Pablo Sandro
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Millicent R Smith
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, 4343, Australia; Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Oscar Delaney
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Kai P Voss-Fels
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Lucia Gutierrez
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Lee T Hickey
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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64
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Spatial Organization and Coordination of the Plant Circadian System. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030442. [PMID: 33804638 PMCID: PMC8003751 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant circadian clock has a pervasive influence on many aspects of plant biology and is proposed to function as a developmental manager. To do so, the circadian oscillator needs to be able to integrate a multiplicity of environmental signals and coordinate an extensive and diverse repertoire of endogenous rhythms accordingly. Recent studies on tissue-specific characteristics and spatial structure of the plant circadian clock suggest that such plasticity may be achieved through the function of distinct oscillators, which sense the environment locally and are then coordinated across the plant through both intercellular coupling and long-distance communication. This review summarizes the current knowledge on tissue-specific features of the clock in plants and their spatial organization and synchronization at the organismal level.
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de Melo JRF, Gutsch A, Caluwé TD, Leloup JC, Gonze D, Hermans C, Webb AAR, Verbruggen N. Magnesium maintains the length of the circadian period in Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 185:519-532. [PMID: 33721908 PMCID: PMC8133681 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiaa042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock coordinates the physiological responses of a biological system to day and night rhythms through complex loops of transcriptional/translational regulation. It can respond to external stimuli and adjust generated circadian oscillations accordingly to maintain an endogenous period close to 24 h. However, the interaction between nutritional status and circadian rhythms in plants is poorly understood. Magnesium (Mg) is essential for numerous biological processes in plants, and its homeostasis is crucial to maintain optimal development and growth. Magnesium deficiency in young Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings increased the period of circadian oscillations of the CIRCADIAN CLOCK-ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) promoter (pCCA1:LUC) activity and dampened their amplitude under constant light in a dose-dependent manner. Although the circadian period increase caused by Mg deficiency was light dependent, it did not depend on active photosynthesis. Mathematical modeling of the Mg input into the circadian clock reproduced the experimental increase of the circadian period and suggested that Mg is likely to affect global transcription/translation levels rather than a single component of the circadian oscillator. Upon addition of a low dose of cycloheximide to perturb translation, the circadian period increased further under Mg deficiency, which was rescued when sufficient Mg was supplied, supporting the model's prediction. These findings suggest that sufficient Mg supply is required to support proper timekeeping in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Romário F de Melo
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelie Gutsch
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EA Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas De Caluwé
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Leloup
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Didier Gonze
- Unité de Chronobiologie Théorique, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Hermans
- Crop Production and Biostimulation Laboratory, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alex A R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, CB2 3EA Cambridge, UK
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Author to communication:
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van Hoogdalem M, Shapulatov U, Sergeeva L, Busscher-Lange J, Schreuder M, Jamar D, van der Krol AR. A temperature regime that disrupts clock-controlled starch mobilization induces transient carbohydrate starvation, resulting in compact growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021:erab075. [PMID: 33617638 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In nature plants are usually subjected to a light/temperature regime of warm day and cold night (referred to as +DIF). Compared to growth under +DIF, Arabidopsis plants show compact growth under the same photoperiod, but with an inverse temperature regime (cold day and warm night: -DIF). Here we show that -DIF differentially affects the phase and amplitude of core clock gene expression. Under -DIF the phase of the morning clock gene CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1) is delayed, similar to that of plants grown on low sucrose. Indeed, under -DIF carbohydrate (CHO) starvation marker genes are specifically upregulated at the End of the Night (EN) in Arabidopsis rosettes. However, only in inner-rosette tissue (small sink leaves and petioles of older leaves) sucrose levels are lower under -DIF compared to under +DIF, suggesting that sucrose in source leaf blades is not sensed for CHO status and that sucrose transport from source to sink may be impaired at EN. CHO-starvation under -DIF correlated with increased starch breakdown during the night and decreased starch accumulation during the day. Moreover, we demonstrate that different ways of inducing CHO-starvation all link to reduced growth of sink leaves. Practical implications for control of plant growth in horticulture are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark van Hoogdalem
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Current Business Unit Greenhouse Horticulture, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Umidjon Shapulatov
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Current Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, National University of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Lidiya Sergeeva
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacqueline Busscher-Lange
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Business Unit Bioscience, Wageningen Plant Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle Schreuder
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diaan Jamar
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander R van der Krol
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University & Research, Droevendaalsesteeg, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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67
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Masuda K, Yamada T, Kagawa Y, Fukuda H. Time Lag Between Light and Heat Diurnal Cycles Modulates CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATION 1 Rhythm and Growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 11:614360. [PMID: 33643331 PMCID: PMC7905214 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.614360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth responses to cues such as light, temperature, and humidity enable the entrainment of the circadian rhythms with diurnal cycles. For example, the temperature variations between day and night affect plant growth and accompany the time lag to light cycle. Despite its importance, there has been no systematic investigation into time lags, and the mechanisms behind the entrainment of the circadian rhythms with multiple cycles remain unknown. Here, we investigated systemically the effects of the time lag on the circadian rhythm and growth in Arabidopsis thaliana. To investigate the entrainment status of the circadian clock, the rhythm of the clock gene CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATION 1 (CCA1) was measured with a luciferase reporter assay. As a result, the rhythm was significantly modulated by the time lag with +10°C heating for 4 h every day but not -10°C cooling. A model based on coupled cellular oscillators successfully described these rhythm modulations. In addition, seedling growth depended on the time lag of the heating cycle but not that of the cooling cycle. Based on the relationship between the CCA1 rhythms and growth, we established an estimation method for the effects of the time lag. Our results found that plant growth relates to the CCA1 rhythm and provides a method by which to estimate the appropriate combination of light-dark and temperature cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosaku Masuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamada
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Kagawa
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Fukuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Osaka, Japan
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68
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Zhang S, Liu H, Yuan L, Li X, Wang L, Xu X, Xie Q. Recognition of CCA1 alternative protein isoforms during temperature acclimation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:421-432. [PMID: 33398474 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02644-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CCA1α and CCA1β protein variants respond to environmental light and temperature cues, and higher temperature promotes CCA1β protein production and causes its retention detectable in the cytoplasm. CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED1 (CCA1), as the core transcription factor of circadian clock, is involved in the regulation of endogenous circadian rhythm in Arabidopsis. Previous studies have shown that CCA1 consists of two abundant splice variants, fully spliced CCA1α and intron-retaining CCA1β. CCA1β is believed to form a nonfunctional heterodimer with CCA1α and its closed-related homolog LHY. Many studies have established that CCA1β is a transcription product, while how CCA1β protein is produced and how two CCA1 isoforms respond to environmental cues have not been elucidated. In this study, we identified CCA1α and CCA1β protein variants under different photoperiods with warm or cold temperature cycles, respectively. Our results showed that CCA1 protein production is regulated by prolonged light exposure and warm temperature. The protein levels of CCA1α and CCA1β peak in the morning, but the detection of CCA1β is dependent on immunoprecipitation enrichment at 22 °C. Higher temperature of 37 °C promotes CCA1β protein production and causes its retention to be detectable in the cytoplasm. Overall, our results indicate that two splice variants of the CCA1 protein respond to environmental light and temperature signals and may, therefore, maintain the circadian rhythms and give individuals the ability to adapt to environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Huili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Lingbao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
| | - Qiguang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China.
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Yuan L, Xie GZ, Zhang S, Li B, Wang X, Li Y, Liu T, Xu X. GmLCLs negatively regulate ABA perception and signalling genes in soybean leaf dehydration response. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:412-424. [PMID: 33125160 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock allows plants to actively adapt to daily environmental changes through temporal regulation of physiological traits. In response to drought stress, circadian oscillators gate ABA signalling, but the molecular mechanisms remain unknown, especially in crops. Here, we investigated the role of soybean circadian oscillators GmLCLa1, GmLCLa2, GmLCLb1 and GmLCLb2 in leaf water stress response. Under dehydration stress, the GmLCL quadruple mutant had decreased leaf water loss. We found that the dehydration treatment delayed the peak expression of GmLCL genes by 4 hr. In addition, the circadian clock in hairy roots also responded to ABA, which led to a free-running rhythm with shortened period. Importantly, in the gmlclq quadruple mutant, diurnal expression phases of several circadian-regulated ABA receptor, ABA catabolism and ABA signalling-related genes were shifted significantly to daytime. Moreover, in the gmlclq mutant leaf, expression of GmPYL17, GmCYP707A, GmABI2 and GmSnRK2s was increased under water dehydration stress. In summary, our results show that GmLCLs act as negative regulators of ABA signalling in leaves during dehydration response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Grace Z Xie
- Zhengzhou Foreign Language School, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Baozhu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xianglong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Panchy N, von Arnim AG, Hong T. Early Detection of Daylengths with a Feedforward Circuit Coregulated by Circadian and Diurnal Cycles. Biophys J 2020; 119:1878-1895. [PMID: 33086045 PMCID: PMC7677250 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Light-entrained circadian clocks confer rhythmic dynamics of cellular and molecular activities to animals and plants. These intrinsic clocks allow stable anticipations to light-dark (diel) cycles. Many genes in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana are regulated by diel cycles via pathways independent of the clock, suggesting that the integration of circadian and light signals is important for the fitness of plants. Previous studies of light-clock signal integrations have focused on moderate phase adjustment of the two signals. However, dynamical features of integrations across a broad range of phases remain elusive. Phosphorylation of ribosomal protein of the small subunit 6 (eS6), a ubiquitous post-translational modification across kingdoms, is influenced by the circadian clock and the light-dark (diel) cycle in an opposite manner. To understand this striking phenomenon and its underlying information processing capabilities, we built a mathematical model for the eS6 phosphorylation (eS6-P) control circuit. We found that the dynamics of eS6-P can be explained by a feedforward circuit with inputs from both circadian and diel cycles. Furthermore, the early day response of this circuit with dual rhythmic inputs is sensitive to the changes in daylength, including both transient and gradual changes observed in realistic light intervals across a year, because of weather and seasons. By analyzing published gene expression data, we found that the dynamics produced by the eS6-P control circuit can be observed in the expression profiles of a large number of genes. Our work provides mechanistic insights into the complex dynamics of a ribosomal protein, and it proposes a previously underappreciated function of the circadian clock, which not only prepares organisms for normal diel cycles but also helps to detect both transient and seasonal changes with a predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Panchy
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee; National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Albrecht G von Arnim
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Tian Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Knoxville, Tennessee; National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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71
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The Transcriptional Network in the Arabidopsis Circadian Clock System. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11111284. [PMID: 33138078 PMCID: PMC7692566 DOI: 10.3390/genes11111284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The circadian clock is the biological timekeeping system that governs the approximately 24-h rhythms of genetic, metabolic, physiological and behavioral processes in most organisms. This oscillation allows organisms to anticipate and adapt to day–night changes in the environment. Molecular studies have indicated that a transcription–translation feedback loop (TTFL), consisting of transcriptional repressors and activators, is essential for clock function in Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis). Omics studies using next-generation sequencers have further revealed that transcription factors in the TTFL directly regulate key genes implicated in clock-output pathways. In this review, the target genes of the Arabidopsis clock-associated transcription factors are summarized. The Arabidopsis clock transcriptional network is partly conserved among angiosperms. In addition, the clock-dependent transcriptional network structure is discussed in the context of plant behaviors for adapting to day–night cycles.
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72
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Avello P, Davis SJ, Pitchford JW. Temperature robustness in Arabidopsis circadian clock models is facilitated by repressive interactions, autoregulation, and three-node feedbacks. J Theor Biol 2020; 509:110495. [PMID: 32966827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2020.110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The biological interactions underpinning the Arabidopsis circadian clock have been systematically uncovered and explored by biological experiments and mathematical models. This is captured by a series of published ordinary differential equation (ODE) models, which describe plant clock dynamics in response to light/dark conditions. However, understanding the role of temperature in resetting the clock (entrainment) and the mechanisms by which circadian rhythms maintain a near-24 h period over a range of temperatures (temperature compensation) is still unclear. Understanding entrainment and temperature compensation may elucidate the principles governing the structure of the circadian clock network. Here we explore the design principles of the Arabidopsis clock and its responses to changes in temperature. We analyse published clock models of Arabidopsis, spanning a range of complexity, and incorporate temperature-dependent dynamics into the parameters of translation rates in these models, to discern which regulatory patterns may best explain clock function and temperature compensation. We additionally construct three minimal clock models and explore what key features govern their rhythmicity and temperature robustness via a series of random parameterisations. Results show that the highly repressive interactions between the components of the plant clock, together with autoregulation patterns and three-node feedback loops, are associated with circadian function of the clock in general, and enhance its robustness to temperature variation in particular. However, because the networks governing clock function vary with time due to light and temperature conditions, we emphasise the importance of studying plant clock functionality in its entirety rather than as a set of discrete regulation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Avello
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom.
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China
| | - Jonathan W Pitchford
- Department of Mathematics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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73
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Nishio H, Nagano AJ, Ito T, Suzuki Y, Kudoh H. Seasonal plasticity and diel stability of H3K27me3 in natural fluctuating environments. NATURE PLANTS 2020; 6:1091-1097. [PMID: 32868888 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-020-00757-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diel and seasonal oscillations are two major environmental changes in nature. While organisms cope with the former by the well-characterized mechanism of the circadian clock1,2, there is limited information on the molecular mechanisms underlying long-term responses to the latter3-5. Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3), a repressive histone modification, imparts stability and plasticity to gene regulation during developmental transitions6-9. Here we studied the seasonal and diel dynamics of H3K27me3 at the genome-wide level in a natural population of perennial Arabidopsis halleri and compared these dynamics with those of histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation (H3K4me3), an active histone modification. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing revealed that H3K27me3 exhibits seasonal plasticity and diel stability. Furthermore, we found that the seasonal H3K27me3 oscillation is delayed in phase relative to the H3K4me3 oscillation, particularly for genes associated with environmental memory. Our findings suggest that H3K27me3 monitors past transcriptional activity to create long-term gene expression trends during organismal responses over weeks in natural fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruki Nishio
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan.
| | - Atsushi J Nagano
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture, Ryukoku University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Tasuku Ito
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan.
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Li C, Qi W, Liang Z, Yang X, Ma Z, Song R. A SnRK1- ZmRFWD3-Opaque2 Signaling Axis Regulates Diurnal Nitrogen Accumulation in Maize Seeds. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2823-2841. [PMID: 32699171 PMCID: PMC7474302 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Zeins are the predominant storage proteins in maize (Zea mays) seeds, while Opaque2 (O2) is a master transcription factor for zein-encoding genes. How the activity of O2 is regulated and responds to external signals is yet largely unknown. Here, we show that the E3 ubiquitin ligase ZmRFWD3 interacts with O2 and positively regulates its activity by enhancing its nuclear localization. Ubiquitination of O2 enhances its interaction with maize importin1, the α-subunit of Importin-1 in maize, thus enhancing its nuclear localization ability. We further show that ZmRFWD3 can be phosphorylated by a Suc-responsive protein kinase, ZmSnRK1, which leads to its degradation. We demonstrated that the activity of O2 responds to Suc levels through the ZmSnRK1-ZmRFWD3-O2 signaling axis. Intriguingly, we found that Suc levels, as well as ZmRFWD3 levels and the cytonuclear distribution of O2, exhibit diurnal patterns in developing endosperm, leading to the diurnal transcription of O2-regulated zein genes. Loss of function in ZmRFWD3 disrupts the diurnal patterns of O2 cytonuclear distribution and zein biosynthesis, and consequently changes the C/N ratio in mature seeds. We therefore identify a SnRK1-ZmRFWD3-O2 signaling axis that transduces source-to-sink signals and coordinates C and N assimilation in developing maize seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaobin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Weiwei Qi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zheng Liang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Bio-Energy Crops, Plant Science Center, School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zeyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Rentao Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, National Maize Improvement Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Coronatine is more potent than jasmonates in regulating Arabidopsis circadian clock. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12862. [PMID: 32732994 PMCID: PMC7393363 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69627-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies establish a crucial role of the circadian clock in regulating plant defense against pathogens. Whether pathogens modulate host circadian clock as a potential strategy to suppress host innate immunity is not well understood. Coronatine is a toxin produced by the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae that is known to counteract Arabidopsis defense through mimicking defense signaling molecules, jasmonates (JAs). We report here that COR preferentially suppresses expression of clock-related genes in high throughput gene expression studies, compared with the plant-derived JA molecule methyl jasmonate (MJ). COR treatment dampens the amplitude and lengthens the period of all four reporters tested while MJ and another JA agonist JA-isoleucine (JA-Ile) only affect some reporters. COR, MJ, and JA-Ile act through the canonical JA receptor COI1 in clock regulation. These data support a stronger role of the pathogen-derived molecule COR than plant-derived JA molecules in regulating Arabidopsis clock. Further study shall reveal mechanisms underlying COR regulation of host circadian clock.
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76
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Philippou K, Davis AM, Davis SJ, Sánchez-Villarreal A. Chemical Perturbation of Chloroplast-Related Processes Affects Circadian Rhythms of Gene Expression in Arabidopsis: Salicylic Acid Application Can Entrain the Clock. Front Physiol 2020; 11:429. [PMID: 32625102 PMCID: PMC7314985 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant circadian system reciprocally interacts with metabolic processes. To investigate entrainment features in metabolic–circadian interactions, we used a chemical approach to perturb metabolism and monitored the pace of nuclear-driven circadian oscillations. We found that chemicals that alter chloroplast-related functions modified the circadian rhythms. Both vitamin C and paraquat altered the circadian period in a light-quality-dependent manner, whereas rifampicin lengthened the circadian period under darkness. Salicylic acid (SA) increased oscillatory robustness and shortened the period. The latter was attenuated by sucrose addition and was also gated, taking place during the first 3 h of the subjective day. Furthermore, the effect of SA on period length was dependent on light quality and genotype. Period lengthening or shortening by these chemicals was correlated to their inferred impact on photosynthetic electron transport activity and the redox state of plastoquinone (PQ). Based on these data and on previous publications on circadian effects that alter the redox state of PQ, we propose that the photosynthetic electron transport and the redox state of PQ participate in circadian periodicity. Moreover, coupling between chloroplast-derived signals and nuclear oscillations, as observed in our chemical and genetic assays, produces traits that are predicted by previous models. SA signaling or a related process forms a rhythmic input loop to drive robust nuclear oscillations in the context predicted by the zeitnehmer model, which was previously developed for Neurospora. We further discuss the possibility that electron transport chains (ETCs) are part of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koumis Philippou
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | - Amanda M Davis
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany.,Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Alfredo Sánchez-Villarreal
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
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77
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Shtangeeva I, Vīksna A, Bērtiņš M, Ryumin A, Grebnevs V. Variations in the concentrations of macro- and trace elements in two grasses and in the rhizosphere soil during a day. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114265. [PMID: 32142978 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the research was to study short-term variations in concentrations of 17 elements in two widely distributed natural plant species (couch grass and plantain) and in the rhizosphere soil of the plants. The plant and soil samples were collected in a field from a small site over a daytime. In the course of the day, the variations of the total amounts of C, N, and H in the rhizosphere soil were rather marked and different for the soils taken from roots of plantain and couch grass. The concentrations of some other elements in the rhizosphere soil of the plants varied in a similar way. The short-term variations of element concentrations in roots and leaves of the plants were also rather large. In many cases, a decrease of element concentration in roots correlated with an increase of its concentration in leaves. Although couch grass and plantain were collected simultaneously and from the same site, mean concentrations of many elements in the two plant species were statistically significantly different. This may be result of the fact that the plants belong to different clades. The differences between concentrations of most part of elements in roots and leaves of the plants were also statistically significant. The concentrations of many trace elements were higher in roots than in leaves, while the concentrations of essential plant nutrients were often higher in leaves compared to roots. The distribution of elements between different plant parts were not the same in couch grass and plantain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Shtangeeva
- Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya nab.,7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
| | - Arturs Vīksna
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas street 1, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Māris Bērtiņš
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas street 1, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia
| | - Alexander Ryumin
- Institute of Earth Sciences, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya nab.,7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Vladlens Grebnevs
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Latvia, Jelgavas street 1, LV-1004, Riga, Latvia
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78
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Nimmo HG, Laird J, Bindbeutel R, Nusinow DA. The evening complex is central to the difference between the circadian clocks of Arabidopsis thaliana shoots and roots. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2020; 169:442-451. [PMID: 32303120 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock regulates the timing of many aspects of plant physiology, and this requires entrainment of the clock to the prevailing day:night cycle. Different plant cells and tissues can oscillate with different free-running periods, so coordination of timing across the plant is crucial. Previous work showed that a major difference between the clock in mature shoots and roots involves light inputs. The objective of this work was to define, in Arabidopsis thaliana, the operation of the root clock in more detail, and in particular how it responds to light quality. Luciferase imaging was used to study the shoot and root clocks in several null mutants of clock components and in lines with aberrant expression of phytochromes. Mutations in each of the components of the evening complex (EARLY FLOWERING 3 and 4, and LUX ARRHYTHMO) were found to have specific effects on roots, by affecting either rhythmicity or period and its response to light quality. The data suggest that the evening complex is a key part of the light input mechanism that differs between shoots and roots and show that roots sense red light via phytochrome B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugh G Nimmo
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Janet Laird
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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79
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Li Y, Wang L, Yuan L, Song Y, Sun J, Jia Q, Xie Q, Xu X. Molecular investigation of organ-autonomous expression of Arabidopsis circadian oscillators. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2020; 43:1501-1512. [PMID: 32012302 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The circadian pacemaker in plants is a hierarchical multioscillator system that directs and maintains a 24-hr oscillation required for organism homeostasis and environmental fitness. Molecular clockwork within individual tissues and organs acts cell autonomously, showing differences in circadian expression of core oscillators and their target genes; there are functional dominance and coupling in the complex regulatory network. However, molecular characteristics of organ-specific clocks are still unknown. Here, we showed the detached shoot and root possess dynamic circadian protein-protein interactions between clock core components, periodicity in organs exhibits a difference. The period length difference between shoot and root was not remarkable in prr7-3 and prr7-3 prr9-1 mutants. In addition, the phase transition curve indicated that shoot and root clock respond differently to the resetting cues of ambient temperature. PRR9 and PRR7 compensate circadian period between 22°C and 28°C in shoot, not in root. The circadian rhythms of PRR9 or PRR7 transcript accumulation showed no difference at 22°C and 28°C in shoot, but differences were observed in root. In summary, our results reveal the specificity of dynamic circadian protein-protein interactions in organ-autonomous clocks and the critical roles of PRR9 and PRR7 in mechanisms regulating temperature compensation in aerial shoot system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lingbao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Li Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yang Song
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junqiu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qian Jia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiguang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xiaodong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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80
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Müller LM, Mombaerts L, Pankin A, Davis SJ, Webb AAR, Goncalves J, von Korff M. Differential Effects of Day/Night Cues and the Circadian Clock on the Barley Transcriptome. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:765-779. [PMID: 32229608 PMCID: PMC7271788 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The circadian clock is a complex transcriptional network that regulates gene expression in anticipation of the day/night cycle and controls agronomic traits in plants. However, in crops, how the internal clock and day/night cues affect the transcriptome remains poorly understood. We analyzed the diel and circadian leaf transcriptomes in the barley (Hordeum vulgare) cultivar 'Bowman' and derived introgression lines harboring mutations in EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3), LUX ARRHYTHMO1 (LUX1), and EARLY MATURITY7 (EAM7). The elf3 and lux1 mutants exhibited abolished circadian transcriptome oscillations under constant conditions, whereas eam7 maintained oscillations of ≈30% of the circadian transcriptome. However, day/night cues fully restored transcript oscillations in all three mutants and thus compensated for a disrupted oscillator in the arrhythmic barley clock mutants elf3 and lux1 Nevertheless, elf3, but not lux1, affected the phase of the diel oscillating transcriptome and thus the integration of external cues into the clock. Using dynamical modeling, we predicted a structure of the barley circadian oscillator and interactions of its individual components with day/night cues. Our findings provide a valuable resource for exploring the function and output targets of the circadian clock and for further investigations into the diel and circadian control of the barley transcriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas M Müller
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
| | | | - Artem Pankin
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, "SMART Plants for Tomorrow's Needs," Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
| | - Seth J Davis
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
- Department of Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
- Key Laboratory of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 15 475004, China
| | - Alex A R Webb
- Circadian Signal Transduction, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Goncalves
- Systems Control Group, University of Luxembourg, 1009 Luxembourg
| | - Maria von Korff
- Institute for Plant Genetics, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne 50829, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, "SMART Plants for Tomorrow's Needs," Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf 40225, Germany
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81
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Simon NML, Graham CA, Comben NE, Hetherington AM, Dodd AN. The Circadian Clock Influences the Long-Term Water Use Efficiency of Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:317-330. [PMID: 32179629 PMCID: PMC7210627 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In plants, water use efficiency (WUE) is a complex trait arising from numerous physiological and developmental characteristics. Here, we investigated the involvement of circadian regulation in long-term WUE in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) under light and dark conditions. Circadian rhythms are generated by the circadian oscillator, which provides a cellular measure of the time of day. In plants, the circadian oscillator contributes to the regulation of many aspects of physiology, including stomatal opening, rate of photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, and developmental processes such as the initiation of flowering. We investigated the impact of the misregulation of numerous genes encoding various components of the circadian oscillator on whole plant, long-term WUE. From this analysis, we identified a role for the circadian oscillator in WUE. It appears that the circadian clock contributes to the control of transpiration and biomass accumulation. We also established that the circadian oscillator within guard cells can contribute to long-term WUE. Our experiments indicate that knowledge of circadian regulation will be important for developing crops with improved WUE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriane M L Simon
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
| | - Calum A Graham
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
- John Innes Centre, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas E Comben
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, United Kingdom
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82
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Smith AM, Zeeman SC. Starch: A Flexible, Adaptable Carbon Store Coupled to Plant Growth. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:217-245. [PMID: 32075407 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-050718-100241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Research in the past decade has uncovered new and surprising information about the pathways of starch synthesis and degradation. This includes the discovery of previously unsuspected protein families required both for processes and for the long-sought mechanism of initiation of starch granules. There is also growing recognition of the central role of leaf starch turnover in making carbon available for growth across the day-night cycle. Sophisticated systems-level control mechanisms involving the circadian clock set rates of nighttime starch mobilization that maintain a steady supply of carbon until dawn and modulate partitioning of photosynthate into starch in the light, optimizing the fraction of assimilated carbon that can be used for growth. These discoveries also uncover complexities: Results from experiments with Arabidopsis leaves in conventional controlled environments are not necessarily applicable to other organs or species or to growth in natural, fluctuating environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel C Zeeman
- Institute of Plant Molecular Biology, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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83
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Dantas LLDB, Almeida-Jesus FM, de Lima NO, Alves-Lima C, Nishiyama-Jr MY, Carneiro MS, Souza GM, Hotta CT. Rhythms of Transcription in Field-Grown Sugarcane Are Highly Organ Specific. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6565. [PMID: 32300143 PMCID: PMC7162945 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63440-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks improve plant fitness in a rhythmic environment. As each cell has its own circadian clock, we hypothesized that sets of cells with different functions would have distinct rhythmic behaviour. To test this, we investigated whether different organs in field-grown sugarcane follow the same rhythms in transcription. We assayed the transcriptomes of three organs during a day: leaf, a source organ; internodes 1 and 2, sink organs focused on cell division and elongation; and internode 5, a sink organ focused on sucrose storage. The leaf had twice as many rhythmic transcripts (>68%) as internodes, and the rhythmic transcriptomes of the internodes were more like each other than to those of the leaves. Among the transcripts expressed in all organs, only 7.4% showed the same rhythmic pattern. Surprisingly, the central oscillators of these organs - the networks that generate circadian rhythms - had similar dynamics, albeit with different amplitudes. The differences in rhythmic transcriptomes probably arise from amplitude differences in tissue-specific circadian clocks and different sensitivities to environmental cues, highlighted by the sampling under field conditions. The vast differences suggest that we must study tissue-specific circadian clocks in order to understand how the circadian clock increases the fitness of the whole plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luíza Lane de Barros Dantas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, 14476, Germany
| | | | - Natalia Oliveira de Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Cícero Alves-Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | | | - Monalisa Sampaio Carneiro
- Departamento de Biotecnologia e Produção Vegetal e Animal, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13600-970, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Mendes Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Carlos Takeshi Hotta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 05508-000, Brazil.
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84
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Sanchez SE, Rugnone ML, Kay SA. Light Perception: A Matter of Time. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:363-385. [PMID: 32068156 PMCID: PMC7056494 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing the perception of external cues and regulating physiology accordingly help plants to cope with the constantly changing environmental conditions to which they are exposed. An array of photoreceptors and intricate signaling pathways allow plants to convey the surrounding light information and synchronize an endogenous timekeeping system known as the circadian clock. This biological clock integrates multiple cues to modulate a myriad of downstream responses, timing them to occur at the best moment of the day and the year. Notably, the mechanism underlying entrainment of the light-mediated clock is not clear. This review addresses known interactions between the light-signaling and circadian-clock networks, focusing on the role of light in clock entrainment and known molecular players in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina E Sanchez
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Matias L Rugnone
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Steve A Kay
- Department of Neurology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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85
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Hearn TJ, Webb AAR. Recent advances in understanding regulation of the Arabidopsis circadian clock by local cellular environment. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32047621 PMCID: PMC6993837 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.21307.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks have evolved to synchronise an organism’s physiology with the environmental rhythms driven by the Earth’s rotation on its axis. Over the past two decades, many of the genetic components of the
Arabidopsis thaliana circadian oscillator have been identified. The interactions between these components have been formulized into mathematical models that describe the transcriptional translational feedback loops of the oscillator. More recently, focus has turned to the regulation and functions of the circadian clock. These studies have shown that the system dynamically responds to environmental signals and small molecules. We describe advances that have been made in discovering the cellular mechanisms by which signals regulate the circadian oscillator of Arabidopsis in the context of tissue-specific regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J Hearn
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK.,Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Rockefeller Building, University College London, London, WC1E 6DE, UK.,Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Alex A R Webb
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Site, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK
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86
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Wang Y, Qin Y, Li B, Zhang Y, Wang L. Attenuated TOR signaling lengthens circadian period in Arabidopsis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2020; 15:1710935. [PMID: 31906784 PMCID: PMC7053880 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1710935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
By timing many diel rhythmic events, circadian clock provides an adaptive advantage for higher plants. Meanwhile, circadian clock displays plasticity and can be entrained by the external environmental cues and internal factors. However, whether cellular energy status can regulate circadian clock is largely unknown in higher plants. The evolutionarily conserved TOR (target of rapamycin) signaling among eukaryotic organisms has been implicated as an integrator for cellular nutrient and energy status. Here, we demonstrated that chemically blocking electron transport chain of mitochondrial can lengthen the circadian period. Similarly, chemical inhibition of TOR activity by Torin 1, a specific inhibitor for TOR kinase, and knockdown of TOR transcript levels significantly elongate the circadian period as well. Our findings imply that TOR signaling may mediate energy status-regulated circadian clock in plants, and the reciprocal regulation between the circadian clock and TOR signaling might be an evolutionary mechanism for fitness and adaptation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yumei Qin
- Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CONTACT Lei Wang Key laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10093, People’s Republic of China
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87
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Panter PE, Muranaka T, Cuitun-Coronado D, Graham CA, Yochikawa A, Kudoh H, Dodd AN. Circadian Regulation of the Plant Transcriptome Under Natural Conditions. Front Genet 2019; 10:1239. [PMID: 31850080 PMCID: PMC6895068 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms produce a biological measure of the time of day. In plants, circadian regulation forms an essential adaptation to the fluctuating environment. Most of our knowledge of the molecular aspects of circadian regulation in plants is derived from laboratory experiments that are performed under controlled conditions. However, it is emerging that the circadian clock has complex roles in the coordination of the transcriptome under natural conditions, in both naturally occurring populations of plants and in crop species. In this review, we consider recent insights into circadian regulation under natural conditions. We examine how circadian regulation is integrated with the acute responses of plants to the daily and seasonally fluctuating environment that also presents environmental stresses, in order to coordinate the transcriptome and dynamically adapt plants to their continuously changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paige E. Panter
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - David Cuitun-Coronado
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Calum A. Graham
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Aline Yochikawa
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Kudoh
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - Antony N. Dodd
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, United Kingdom
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88
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Ronald J, Davis SJ. Focusing on the nuclear and subnuclear dynamics of light and circadian signalling. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:2871-2884. [PMID: 31369151 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Circadian clocks provide organisms the ability to synchronize their internal physiological responses with the external environment. This process, termed entrainment, occurs through the perception of internal and external stimuli. As with other organisms, in plants, the perception of light is a critical for the entrainment and sustainment of circadian rhythms. Red, blue, far-red, and UV-B light are perceived by the oscillator through the activity of photoreceptors. Four classes of photoreceptors signal to the oscillator: phytochromes, cryptochromes, UVR8, and LOV-KELCH domain proteins. In most cases, these photoreceptors localize to the nucleus in response to light and can associate to subnuclear structures to initiate downstream signalling. In this review, we will highlight the recent advances made in understanding the mechanisms facilitating the nuclear and subnuclear localization of photoreceptors and the role these subnuclear bodies have in photoreceptor signalling, including to the oscillator. We will also highlight recent progress that has been made in understanding the regulation of the nuclear and subnuclear localization of components of the plant circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Ronald
- Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, YO10 5DD, York, UK
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89
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Schmal C, Ono D, Myung J, Pett JP, Honma S, Honma KI, Herzel H, Tokuda IT. Weak coupling between intracellular feedback loops explains dissociation of clock gene dynamics. PLoS Comput Biol 2019; 15:e1007330. [PMID: 31513579 PMCID: PMC6759184 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1007330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms are generated by interlocked transcriptional-translational negative feedback loops (TTFLs), the molecular process implemented within a cell. The contributions, weighting and balancing between the multiple feedback loops remain debated. Dissociated, free-running dynamics in the expression of distinct clock genes has been described in recent experimental studies that applied various perturbations such as slice preparations, light pulses, jet-lag, and culture medium exchange. In this paper, we provide evidence that this "presumably transient" dissociation of circadian gene expression oscillations may occur at the single-cell level. Conceptual and detailed mechanistic mathematical modeling suggests that such dissociation is due to a weak interaction between multiple feedback loops present within a single cell. The dissociable loops provide insights into underlying mechanisms and general design principles of the molecular circadian clock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schmal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Jihwan Myung
- Laboratory of Braintime, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain, and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Computational Neuroscience Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Okinawa, Japan
| | - J. Patrick Pett
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sato Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Honma
- Department of Chronomedicine, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hanspeter Herzel
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isao T. Tokuda
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Japan
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90
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Greenwood M, Domijan M, Gould PD, Hall AJW, Locke JCW. Coordinated circadian timing through the integration of local inputs in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLoS Biol 2019; 17:e3000407. [PMID: 31415556 PMCID: PMC6695092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual plant cells have a genetic circuit, the circadian clock, that times key processes to the day-night cycle. These clocks are aligned to the day-night cycle by multiple environmental signals that vary across the plant. How does the plant integrate clock rhythms, both within and between organs, to ensure coordinated timing? To address this question, we examined the clock at the sub-tissue level across Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings under multiple environmental conditions and genetic backgrounds. Our results show that the clock runs at different speeds (periods) in each organ, which causes the clock to peak at different times across the plant in both constant environmental conditions and light-dark (LD) cycles. Closer examination reveals that spatial waves of clock gene expression propagate both within and between organs. Using a combination of modeling and experiment, we reveal that these spatial waves are the result of the period differences between organs and local coupling, rather than long-distance signaling. With further experiments we show that the endogenous period differences, and thus the spatial waves, can be generated by the organ specificity of inputs into the clock. We demonstrate this by modulating periods using light and metabolic signals, as well as with genetic perturbations. Our results reveal that plant clocks can be set locally by organ-specific inputs but coordinated globally via spatial waves of clock gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Greenwood
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Mirela Domijan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Gould
- Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - James C. W. Locke
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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91
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Bashir K, Matsui A, Rasheed S, Seki M. Recent advances in the characterization of plant transcriptomes in response to drought, salinity, heat, and cold stress. F1000Res 2019; 8:F1000 Faculty Rev-658. [PMID: 31131087 PMCID: PMC6518435 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.18424.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in plant molecular biology and biotechnology, providing food security for an increasing world population remains a challenge. Drought (water scarcity), salinity, heat, and cold stress are considered major limiting factors that affect crop production both qualitatively and quantitatively. Therefore, the development of cost-effective and environmentally friendly strategies will be needed to resolve these agricultural problems. This will require a comprehensive understanding of transcriptomic alterations that occur in plants in response to varying levels of environmental stresses, singly and in combination. Here, we briefly discuss the current status and future challenges in plant research related to understanding transcriptional changes that occur in response to drought, salinity, heat, and cold stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Bashir
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, CSRS, RIKEN, Yokohama, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Akihiro Matsui
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, CSRS, RIKEN, Yokohama, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, CPR, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Sultana Rasheed
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, CSRS, RIKEN, Yokohama, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- Plant Genomic Network Research Team, CSRS, RIKEN, Yokohama, Tsurumi-ku, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
- Plant Epigenome Regulation Laboratory, CPR, RIKEN, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244-0813, Japan
- Core Research for Evolutionary Science and Technology, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan
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92
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Philippou K, Ronald J, Sánchez-Villarreal A, Davis AM, Davis SJ. Physiological and Genetic Dissection of Sucrose Inputs to the Arabidopsis thaliana Circadian System. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10050334. [PMID: 31052578 PMCID: PMC6563356 DOI: 10.3390/genes10050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Circadian rhythms allow an organism to synchronize internal physiological responses to the external environment. Perception of external signals such as light and temperature are critical in the entrainment of the oscillator. However, sugar can also act as an entraining signal. In this work, we have confirmed that sucrose accelerates the circadian period, but this observed effect is dependent on the reporter gene used. This observed response was dependent on sucrose being available during free-running conditions. If sucrose was applied during entrainment, the circadian period was only temporally accelerated, if any effect was observed at all. We also found that sucrose acts to stabilize the robustness of the circadian period under red light or blue light, in addition to its previously described role in stabilizing the robustness of rhythms in the dark. Finally, we also found that CCA1 is required for both a short- and long-term response of the circadian oscillator to sucrose, while LHY acts to attenuate the effects of sucrose on circadian period. Together, this work highlights new pathways for how sucrose could be signaling to the oscillator and reveals further functional separation of CCA1 and LHY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koumis Philippou
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne D50829, Germany.
| | - James Ronald
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Alfredo Sánchez-Villarreal
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne D50829, Germany.
- Colegio de Postgraduados campus Campeche, Campeche, CP 24450, México.
| | - Amanda M Davis
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne D50829, Germany.
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
| | - Seth J Davis
- Department of Plant Developmental Biology, Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne D50829, Germany.
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK.
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