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Chen D, Li J, Huang Y, Wei P, Miao W, Yang Y, Gao Y. Interleukin 13 promotes long-term recovery after ischemic stroke by inhibiting the activation of STAT3. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:112. [PMID: 35578342 PMCID: PMC9109418 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02471-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia/macrophages are activated after cerebral ischemic stroke and can contribute to either brain injury or recovery by polarizing microglia/macrophage into distinctive functional phenotypes with pro- or anti-inflammatory properties. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that regulates microglia/macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory phenotype. However, it is not clear whether IL-13 is beneficial after ischemic stroke long-term and the underlying molecular mechanism(s) remain unknown. Thus, we examined the effect of IL-13 on long-term recovery and microglia/macrophage polarization in mice with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion model (tMCAO). METHODS tMCAO was induced in adult male C57BL/6J mice. IL-13 (60 μg/kg) was administered intranasally starting 2 h after stroke and continued for seven consecutive days. Sensorimotor function, spatial learning and memory function, as well as brain infarct volume were assessed up to 35 days after stroke. White matter integrity was evaluated by electrophysiology, immunofluorescence staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Microglia/macrophage activation was assessed using immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Changes in immune cells in the brain and the periphery, and expression of IL-13 receptors in different brain cells were detected by flow cytometry. Primary neuron/microglia co-cultures and a STAT3 inhibitor were used for mechanistic studies. RESULTS Post-treatment with IL-13 improved long-term neurofunctional recovery and decreased brain tissue atrophy after stroke. Intranasal delivery of IL-13 enhanced the structural and functional integrity of white matter after stroke. Furthermore, the neuroprotection afforded by IL-13 administration was not due to a direct effect on neurons, but by indirectly regulating the anti-inflammatory phenotype of microglia/macrophages. IL-13 treatment also had no effect on peripheral immune cells. Mechanistically, IL-13 improved the long-term outcome after ischemic stroke by promoting the polarization of microglia/macrophages toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype at least partially by inhibiting the phosphorylation of STAT3. CONCLUSIONS IL-13 promotes white matter repair and improves neurofunctional outcomes after ischemic stroke by modulating microglia/macrophages via inhibition of STAT3 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengju Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Wanying Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaomei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, 138 Yixueyuan Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Van Broeckhoven J, Erens C, Sommer D, Scheijen E, Sanchez S, Vidal PM, Dooley D, Van Breedam E, Quarta A, Ponsaerts P, Hendrix S, Lemmens S. Macrophage-based delivery of interleukin-13 improves functional and histopathological outcomes following spinal cord injury. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:102. [PMID: 35488301 PMCID: PMC9052547 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02458-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinal cord injury (SCI) elicits a robust neuroinflammatory reaction which, in turn, exacerbates the initial mechanical damage. Pivotal players orchestrating this response are macrophages (Mφs) and microglia. After SCI, the inflammatory environment is dominated by pro-inflammatory Mφs/microglia, which contribute to secondary cell death and prevent regeneration. Therefore, reprogramming Mφ/microglia towards a more anti-inflammatory and potentially neuroprotective phenotype has gained substantial therapeutic interest in recent years. Interleukin-13 (IL-13) is a potent inducer of such an anti-inflammatory phenotype. In this study, we used genetically modified Mφs as carriers to continuously secrete IL-13 (IL-13 Mφs) at the lesion site. METHODS Mφs were genetically modified to secrete IL-13 (IL-13 Mφs) and were phenotypically characterized using qPCR, western blot, and ELISA. To analyze the therapeutic potential, the IL-13 Mφs were intraspinally injected at the perilesional area after hemisection SCI in female mice. Functional recovery and histopathological improvements were evaluated using the Basso Mouse Scale score and immunohistochemistry. Neuroprotective effects of IL-13 were investigated using different cell viability assays in murine and human neuroblastoma cell lines, human neurospheroids, as well as murine organotypic brain slice cultures. RESULTS In contrast to Mφs prestimulated with recombinant IL-13, perilesional transplantation of IL-13 Mφs promoted functional recovery following SCI in mice. This improvement was accompanied by reduced lesion size and demyelinated area. The local anti-inflammatory shift induced by IL-13 Mφs resulted in reduced neuronal death and fewer contacts between dystrophic axons and Mφs/microglia, suggesting suppression of axonal dieback. Using IL-4Rα-deficient mice, we show that IL-13 signaling is required for these beneficial effects. Whereas direct neuroprotective effects of IL-13 on murine and human neuroblastoma cell lines or human neurospheroid cultures were absent, IL-13 rescued murine organotypic brain slices from cell death, probably by indirectly modulating the Mφ/microglia responses. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our data suggest that the IL-13-induced anti-inflammatory Mφ/microglia phenotype can preserve neuronal tissue and ameliorate axonal dieback, thereby promoting recovery after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Van Broeckhoven
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Céline Erens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Daniela Sommer
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Elle Scheijen
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Selien Sanchez
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Pia M Vidal
- Neuroimmunology and Regeneration of the Central Nervous System Unit, Biomedical Science Research Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, 4090541, Concepción, Chile
| | - Dearbhaile Dooley
- School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.,UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elise Van Breedam
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alessandra Quarta
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Peter Ponsaerts
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (Vaxinfectio), University of Antwerp, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Sven Hendrix
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium. .,Medical School Hamburg, Am Kaiserkai 1, 20457, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Lemmens
- Department of Immunology and Infection, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, 3590, Diepenbeek, Belgium
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Brewer MG, Monticelli SR, Moran MC, Miller BL, Beck LA, Ward BM. Conditions That Simulate the Environment of Atopic Dermatitis Enhance Susceptibility of Human Keratinocytes to Vaccinia Virus. Cells 2022; 11:1337. [PMID: 35456017 PMCID: PMC9025056 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with underlying chronic skin conditions, notably atopic dermatitis (AD), are disproportionately affected by infections from members of the herpesviridae, papovaviridae, and poxviridae families. Many patients with AD experience recurrent, widespread cutaneous viral infections that can lead to viremia, serious organ complications, and even death. Little is known about how the type 2 inflammatory environment observed in the skin of AD patients impacts the susceptibility of epidermal cells (keratinocytes) to viral pathogens. Herein, we studied the susceptibility of keratinocytes to the prototypical poxvirus, vaccinia virus (VV)-the causative agent of eczema vaccinatum-under conditions that simulate the epidermal environment observed in AD. Treatment of keratinocytes with type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and -13) to simulate the inflammatory environment or a tight junction disrupting peptide to mirror the barrier disruption observed in AD patients, resulted in a differentiation-dependent increase in susceptibility to VV. Furthermore, pan JAK inhibition was able to diminish the VV susceptibility occurring in keratinocytes exposed to type 2 cytokines. We propose that in AD, the increased viral susceptibility of keratinocytes leads to enhanced virus production in the skin, which contributes to the rampant dissemination and pathology seen within patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Brewer
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (B.L.M.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Stephanie R. Monticelli
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (S.R.M.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Mary C. Moran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (S.R.M.); (M.C.M.)
| | - Benjamin L. Miller
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (B.L.M.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Lisa A. Beck
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (B.L.M.); (L.A.B.)
| | - Brian M. Ward
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA; (S.R.M.); (M.C.M.)
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Mallis P, Chatzistamatiou T, Dimou Z, Sarri EF, Georgiou E, Salagianni M, Triantafyllia V, Andreakos E, Stavropoulos-Giokas C, Michalopoulos E. Mesenchymal stromal cell delivery as a potential therapeutic strategy against COVID-19: Promising evidence from in vitro results. World J Biol Chem 2022; 13:47-65. [PMID: 35432769 PMCID: PMC8966500 DOI: 10.4331/wjbc.v13.i2.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which was initiated in December 2019. COVID-19 is characterized by a low mortality rate (< 6%); however, this percentage is higher in elderly people and patients with underlying disorders. COVID-19 is characterized by mild to severe outcomes. Currently, several therapeutic strategies are evaluated, such as the use of anti-viral drugs, prophylactic treatment, monoclonal antibodies, and vaccination. Advanced cellular therapies are also investigated, thus representing an additional therapeutic tool for clinicians. Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), which are known for their immunoregulatory properties, may halt the induced cytokine release syndrome mediated by SARS-CoV-2, and can be considered as a potential stem cell therapy.
AIM To evaluate the immunoregulatory properties of MSCs, upon stimulation with COVID-19 patient serum.
METHODS MSCs derived from the human Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) tissue and bone marrow (BM) were isolated, cryopreserved, expanded, and defined according to the criteria outlined by the International Society for Cellular Therapies. Then, WJ and BM-MSCs were stimulated with a culture medium containing 15% COVID-19 patient serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, and 1% L-glutamine for 48 h. The quantification of interleukin (IL)-1 receptor a (Ra), IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-a, fibroblast growth factor (FGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) was performed using commercial ELISA kits. The expression of HLA-G1, G5, and G7 was evaluated in unstimulated and stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs. Finally, the interactions between MSCs and patients’ macrophages were established using co-culture experiments.
RESULTS Thawed WJ and BM-MSCs exhibited a spindle-shaped morphology, successfully differentiated to “osteocytes”, “adipocytes”, and “chondrocytes”, and in flow cytometric analysis were characterized by positivity for CD73, CD90, and CD105 (> 95%) and negativity for CD34, CD45, and HLA-DR (< 2%). Moreover, stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs were characterized by increased cytoplasmic granulation, in comparison to unstimulated cells. The HLA-G isoforms (G1, G5, and G7) were successfully expressed by the unstimulated and stimulated WJ-MSCs. On the other hand, only weak expression of HLA-G1 was identified in BM-MSCs. Stimulated MSCs secreted high levels of IL-1Ra, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, TGF-β1, FGF, VEGF, PDGF, and IDO in comparison to unstimulated cells (P < 0.05) after 12 and 24 h. Finally, macrophages derived from COVID-19 patients successfully adapted the M2 phenotype after co-culturing with stimulated WJ and BM-MSCs.
CONCLUSION WJ and BM-MSCs successfully produced high levels of immunoregulatory agents, which may efficiently modulate the over-activated immune responses of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Mallis
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Zetta Dimou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eirini-Faidra Sarri
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Eleni Georgiou
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Maria Salagianni
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Triantafyllia
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | | | - Efstathios Michalopoulos
- Hellenic Cord Blood Bank, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
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Inhibition of STAT6 Activation by AS1517499 Inhibits Expression and Activity of PPARγ in Macrophages to Resolve Acute Inflammation in Mice. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030447. [PMID: 35327639 PMCID: PMC8946515 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) promotes an anti-inflammatory process by inducing the development of M2 macrophages. We investigated whether modulating STAT6 activity in macrophages using AS1517499, the specific STAT6 inhibitor, affects the restoration of homeostasis after an inflammatory insult by regulating PPARγ expression and activity. Administration of AS1517499 suppressed the enhanced STAT6 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation observed in peritoneal macrophages after zymosan injection. In addition, AS1517499 delayed resolution of acute inflammation as evidenced by enhanced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, reduced secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines in PLF and supernatants from peritoneal macrophages, and exaggerated neutrophil numbers and total protein levels in PLF. We demonstrate temporal increases in annexin A1 (AnxA1) protein and mRNA levels in peritoneal lavage fluid (PLF), peritoneal macrophages, and spleen in a murine model of zymosan-induced acute peritonitis. In vitro priming of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) and peritoneal macrophages with AnxA1 induced STAT6 activation with enhanced PPARγ expression and activity. Using AS1517499, we demonstrate that inhibition of STAT6 activation delayed recovery of PPARγ expression and activity, as well as impaired efferocytosis. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of the STAT6 signaling pathway mediates PPARγ expression and activation in macrophages to resolve acute inflammation.
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Singh SK, Krukowski K, Laumet GO, Weis D, Alexander JF, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A. CD8+ T cell-derived IL-13 increases macrophage IL-10 to resolve neuropathic pain. JCI Insight 2022; 7:154194. [PMID: 35260535 PMCID: PMC8983134 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the endogenous mechanisms regulating resolution of pain may identify novel targets for treatment of chronic pain. Resolution of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) after treatment completion depends on CD8+ T cells and on IL-10 produced by other cells. Using Rag2–/– mice lacking T and B cells and adoptive transfer of Il13–/– CD8+ T cells, we showed that CD8+ T cells producing IL-13 were required for resolution of CIPN. Intrathecal administration of anti–IL-13 delayed resolution of CIPN and reduced IL-10 production by dorsal root ganglion macrophages. Depleting local CD206+ macrophages also delayed resolution of CIPN. In vitro, TIM3+CD8+ T cells cultured with cisplatin, apoptotic cells, or phosphatidylserine liposomes produced IL-13, which induced IL-10 in macrophages. In vivo, resolution of CIPN was delayed by intrathecal administration of anti-TIM3. Resolution was also delayed in Rag2–/– mice reconstituted with Havcr2 (TIM3)–/– CD8+ T cells. Our data indicated that cell damage induced by cisplatin activated TIM3 on CD8+ T cells, leading to increased IL-13 production, which in turn induced macrophage IL-10 production and resolution of CIPN. Development of exogenous activators of the IL-13/IL-10 pain resolution pathway may provide a way to treat the underlying cause of chronic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susmita K Singh
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Karen Krukowski
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, Knoebel Institute for Healthy Aging, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Geoffroy O Laumet
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.,Department of Physiology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Drew Weis
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jenolyn F Alexander
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Cobi J Heijnen
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Annemieke Kavelaars
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Department of Symptom Research, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
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Smirnova OE, Blazhevich LE, Kirilina VM. Research of the Expression of Receptors to IL-4, IL-4R Genes and the Role of IL-4 in the Contraction of Bronches of Rats with Ovalbumin-Induced Bronchial Asthma. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022010215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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El Idrissi F, Fruchart M, Belarbi K, Lamer A, Dubois-Deruy E, Lemdani M, N’Guessan AL, Guinhouya BC, Zitouni D. Exploration of the core protein network under endometriosis symptomatology using a computational approach. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:869053. [PMID: 36120440 PMCID: PMC9478376 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.869053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is defined by implantation and invasive growth of endometrial tissue in extra-uterine locations causing heterogeneous symptoms, and a unique clinical picture for each patient. Understanding the complex biological mechanisms underlying these symptoms and the protein networks involved may be useful for early diagnosis and identification of pharmacological targets. METHODS In the present study, we combined three approaches (i) a text-mining analysis to perform a systematic search of proteins over existing literature, (ii) a functional enrichment analysis to identify the biological pathways in which proteins are most involved, and (iii) a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network to identify which proteins modulate the most strongly the symptomatology of endometriosis. RESULTS Two hundred seventy-eight proteins associated with endometriosis symptomatology in the scientific literature were extracted. Thirty-five proteins were selected according to degree and betweenness scores criteria. The most enriched biological pathways associated with these symptoms were (i) Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling (p = 1.11 x 10-16), (ii) Signaling by Interleukins (p = 1.11 x 10-16), (iii) Cytokine signaling in Immune system (p = 1.11 x 10-16), and (iv) Interleukin-10 signaling (p = 5.66 x 10-15). CONCLUSION Our study identified some key proteins with the ability to modulate endometriosis symptomatology. Our findings indicate that both pro- and anti-inflammatory biological pathways may play important roles in the symptomatology of endometriosis. This approach represents a genuine systemic method that may complement traditional experimental studies. The current data can be used to identify promising biomarkers for early diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima El Idrissi
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Fruchart
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
| | - Karim Belarbi
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU-Lille, Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, Lille, France
| | - Antoine Lamer
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
| | - Emilie Dubois-Deruy
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1167 - RID-AGE - Facteurs de risque et déterminants moléculaires des maladies liées au vieillissement, Lille, France
| | - Mohamed Lemdani
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
| | - Assi L. N’Guessan
- Univ. Lille, UMR CNRS 8524, Laboratoire Paul Painlevé, Villeneuve d’Ascq, Cedex, France
| | - Benjamin C. Guinhouya
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
- *Correspondence: Benjamin C. Guinhouya,
| | - Djamel Zitouni
- Univ. Lille, UFR 3S, Faculté de Pharmacie, Lille, France
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, ULR 2694 - METRICS, Lille, France
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Dolitzky A, Shapira G, Grisaru-Tal S, Hazut I, Avlas S, Gordon Y, Itan M, Shomron N, Munitz A. Transcriptional Profiling of Mouse Eosinophils Identifies Distinct Gene Signatures Following Cellular Activation. Front Immunol 2022; 12:802839. [PMID: 34970274 PMCID: PMC8712732 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.802839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils are multifunctional, evolutionary conserved leukocytes that are involved in a plethora of responses ranging from regulation of tissue homeostasis to host defense and cancer. Eosinophils have been studied mostly in the context of Type 2 inflammatory responses such as those found in allergy. Nonetheless, it is now evident that they participate in Type 1 inflammatory responses and can respond to Type 1 cytokines such as IFN-γ. Recent data suggest that the pleotropic roles of eosinophils are due to heterogeneous responses to environmental cues. Despite this, the activation profile of eosinophils, in response to various stimuli is yet to be defined. To better understand the transcriptional spectrum of eosinophil activation, we exposed eosinophils to Type 1 (e.g. IFN-γ, E. coli) vs. Type 2 (e.g. IL-4) conditions and subjected them to global RNA sequencing. Our analyses show that IL-4, IFN-γ, E. coli and IFN-γ in the presence of E. coli (IFN-γ/E. coli)-stimulated eosinophils acquire distinct transcriptional profiles, which polarize them towards what we termed Type 1 and Type 2 eosinophils. Bioinformatics analyses using Gene Ontology based on biological processes revealed that different stimuli induced distinct pathways in eosinophils. These pathways were confirmed using functional assays by assessing cytokine/chemokine release (i.e. CXCL9, CCL24, TNF-α and IL-6) from eosinophils following activation. In addition, analysis of cell surface markers highlighted CD101 and CD274 as potential cell surface markers that distinguish between Type 1 and Type 2 eosinophils, respectively. Finally, the transcriptome signature of Type 1 eosinophils resembled that of eosinophils that were obtained from mice with experimental colitis whereas the transcriptome signature of Type 2 eosinophils resembled that of eosinophils from experimental asthma. Our data demonstrate that eosinophils are polarized to distinct “Type 1” and “Type 2” phenotypes following distinct stimulations. These findings provide fundamental knowledge regarding the heterogeneity of eosinophils and support the presence of transcriptional differences between Type 1 and Type 2 cells that are likely reflected by their pleotropic activities in diverse disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avishay Dolitzky
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Guy Shapira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharon Grisaru-Tal
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Inbal Hazut
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmulik Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaara Gordon
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Micahl Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Noam Shomron
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Szlendak U, Krzymieniewska B, Mendek-Czajkowska E, Rogatko-Koroś M, Witkowska A, Włodarska J, Drozd-Sokołowska J, Spychalska J, Budziszewska B, Patkowska E, Woźniak J, Krzywdzińska A, Jurek S, Juszczyński P, Jaworska M, Rosłon M, Gruber-Bzura B, Wasilewski R, Baran B, Windyga J, Nowak J. Persistent imbalance, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory signature of circulating C-C chemokines and cytokines in patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Cytokine 2021; 150:155780. [PMID: 34896730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2021.155780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a clonal non-malignant disease in which hematopoietic cell apoptosis may play an important pathophysiological role. Previous studies of the content of phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) indicated the possibility of remote transmission of anti-apoptotic signals between pathological and normal hematopoietic progenitors. METHODS The study determined the plasma levels of beta chemokines and cytokines in N = 19 patients with PNH and 31 healthy controls. The research material was peripheral blood plasma (EDTA) stored at -80 °C until the test. Beta chemokine and cytokine concentrations were tested in duplicate with Bio-Plex Pro Human Cytokine Assay (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) using a Luminex 200 flow cytometer and xPONENT software (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX, USA). In peripheral blood CD34+ cells we tested the proportions of PI(3,4,5)P3+ and Annexin binding apoptotic phenotype using FC and phosflow. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the PNH group showed a significant increase in the plasma concentration of some beta chemokines and cytokines, including MIP-1alpha/CCL3, eotaxin/CCL11, MCP1/CCL2, IL4 and G-CSF. In the group of PNH patients, a significant decrease in the concentration of some cytokines was also observed: RANTES/CCL5, MIP-1beta/CCL4, PDGF-BB and IL9. At the same time, the plasma concentrations of the chemokine IP-10/CXCL10 and the cytokines IFN-gamma, TNF, IL6 and IL10 showed no significant deviations from the values for the control group. Anti-apoptotic phenotype and phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate content in PNH clone of CD34+ cells were associated with the level of CCL3 and negatively associated with CCL5, CCL4, PDGF-BB and IL9. CONCLUSIONS This data suggest the existence of apoptotic and PI(3,4,5)P3 imbalance in PNH CD34+ cells driven by anti-apoptotic cytokine biosignature in PNH. Plasma cytokines and intracellular enzymes that regulate the phosphoinositide pathways may become a therapeutic target in PNH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Szlendak
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Krzymieniewska
- Laboratory of Immunophenotyping, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Mendek-Czajkowska
- Specialist Outpatient Clinic, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Rogatko-Koroś
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Witkowska
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Włodarska
- Day Treatment Department, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Drozd-Sokołowska
- Department of Hematology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, University Clinical Center, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Spychalska
- Department of Hematological and Transfusion Immunology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bożena Budziszewska
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Patkowska
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jolanta Woźniak
- Laboratory of Immunophenotyping, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Krzywdzińska
- Laboratory of Immunophenotyping, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sławomir Jurek
- Department of Disorders of Hemostasis and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemysław Juszczyński
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Jaworska
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Rosłon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Gruber-Bzura
- Department of Biochemistry and Biopharmaceuticals, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Robert Wasilewski
- Department of Disorders of Hemostasis and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Beata Baran
- Department of Hemostasis and Metabolic Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Windyga
- Department of Disorders of Hemostasis and Internal Medicine, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Nowak
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland.
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Yang W, Lin J, Zhou J, Zheng Y, Jiang S, He S, Li D. Innate Lymphoid Cells and Myocardial Infarction. Front Immunol 2021; 12:758272. [PMID: 34867998 PMCID: PMC8636005 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.758272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction results from obstruction of a coronary artery that causes insufficient blood supply to the myocardium and leads to ischemic necrosis. It is one of the most common diseases threatening human health and is characterized by high morbidity and mortality. Atherosclerosis is the pathological basis of myocardial infarction, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are an important part of the human immune system and participate in many processes, including inflammation, metabolism and tissue remodeling, and play an important role in atherosclerosis. However, their specific roles in myocardial infarction are unclear. This review describes the current understanding of the relationship between innate lymphoid cells and myocardial infarction during the acute phase of myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, and heart repair and regeneration following myocardial infarction. We suggest that this review may provide new potential intervention targets and ideas for treatment and prevention of myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenling Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jibin Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqi Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shijiu Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shaolin He
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dazhu Li
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kim K, Gwak HS, Han N, Hong EK, Choi BK, Lee S, Choi S, Park JH, Seok JH, Jeon Y, Cho H, Lee SJ, Lee Y, Nam KT, Song SW. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells With Modified Interleukin-13 Preferentially Recognize IL13Rα2 and Suppress Malignant Glioma: A Preclinical Study. Front Immunol 2021; 12:715000. [PMID: 34819930 PMCID: PMC8606595 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.715000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-13 receptor α 2 (IL13Rα2) is a promising tumor-directed antigen of malignant glioma (MG). Here, we examine the efficacy and safety of T cells containing a YYB-103 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) that can preferentially bind to IL13Rα2 on MG cells. Methods IL13 was modified on the extracellular domain by substitution of amino acids with E13K, R66D, S69D, and R109K and stably transfected into human T cells using a retroviral vector. The in vitro efficacy of YYB-103 CAR T cells was tested in cell lines with differing IL13Rα1 and IL13Rα2 expression. The in vivo efficacy of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intravenous (i.v.) routes of YYB-103 CAR T-cell administration were tested in orthotopic MG mouse models. Immunohistochemical staining of MG was performed using WHO grade 3/4 surgical specimens from 53 patients. IL13Rα2 expression was quantified by H-score calculated from staining intensity and percentage of positive cells. Results Binding affinity assay of YYB-103 verified apparently nil binding to IL13Rα1, which was more selective than previously reported IL13 modification (E13Y). YYB-103 CAR T cells showed selective toxicity toward co-cultured U87MG (IL13Rα1+/IL13Rα2+) cells but not A431 (IL13Rα1+/IL13Rα2-) cells. Consistently, YYB-103 CAR T cells suppressed tumor growth in nude mice receiving orthotopic injection of U87 MG cells. Both i.c.v. and i.v. injections of YYB-103 CAR T cells reduced tumor volume and prolonged overall survival of tumor-bearing mice. The median H-score for IL13Rα2 in patient-derived MG tissue was 5 (mean, 57.5; SD, 87.2; range, 0 to 300). Conclusion This preclinical study demonstrates the efficacy of IL13Rα2-targeted YYB-103 CAR T cells against MG cells. The use of modified IL13 to construct a CAR facilitated the selective targeting of IL13Rα2-expressing MG cells while sparing IL13Rα1-expressing cells. Notably, YYB-103 CAR T cells exhibited effective blood-brain barrier crossing, suggesting compatibility with i.v. administration rather than intracranial injection. Additionally, the high H-score for IL13Rα2 in glioblastoma, especially in conjunction with the poor prognostic markers of wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH-1) and unmethylated O6-methyl guanine methyl-transferase (MGMT), could be used to determine the eligibility of patients with recurrent glioblastoma for a future clinical trial of YYB-103 CAR T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwan Kim
- Department of Drug Development I, CellabMED Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ho-Shin Gwak
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Nayoung Han
- Department of Pathology, Program for Immunotherapy Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Hong
- Department of Pathology, Program for Immunotherapy Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Beom K. Choi
- Biomedicine Production Branch, Program for Immunotherapy Research, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Sangeun Lee
- Department of Drug Development I, CellabMED Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soyoung Choi
- Department of Drug Development I, CellabMED Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ju-Hwang Park
- Department of Process Development, CellabMED Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hye Seok
- Department of Process Development, CellabMED Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeongha Jeon
- Department of Drug Development II, CellabMED Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyuntae Cho
- Department of Clinical Development, CellabMED Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Song-Jae Lee
- Research Institute, CellabMED Inc., Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yura Lee
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Taek Nam
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Iwaszko M, Biały S, Bogunia-Kubik K. Significance of Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 in Inflammatory Arthritis. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113000. [PMID: 34831223 PMCID: PMC8616130 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 belong to the T helper 2 (Th2) cytokine family, along with IL-3, IL-5, and IL-9. These cytokines are key mediators of allergic inflammation. They have important immunomodulatory activities and exert influence on a wide variety of immune cells, such as B cells, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, airway epithelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and keratinocytes. Recent studies have implicated IL-4 and IL-13 in the development of various autoimmune diseases. Additionally, these cytokines have emerged as potential players in pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Recent findings suggest that the IL-4 and IL-13 might play a significant role in the downregulation of inflammatory processes underlying RA pathology, and beneficially modulate the course of the disease. This review summarizes the biological features of the IL-4 and IL-13 and provides current knowledge regarding the role of these cytokines in inflammatory arthritis.
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Huang Y, Li L, Chen H, Liao Q, Yang X, Yang D, Xia X, Wang H, Wang WE, Chen L, Zeng C. The Protective Role of Yin-Yang 1 in Cardiac Injury and Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e021895. [PMID: 34713723 PMCID: PMC8751820 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.021895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background Exploring potential therapeutic target is of great significance for myocardial infarction (MI) and post-MI heart failure. Transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY1) is an essential regulator of apoptosis and angiogenesis, but its role in MI is unclear. Methods and Results The expression of YY1 was assessed in the C57BL/6J mouse heart following MI. Overexpression or silencing of YY1 in the mouse heart was achieved by adeno-associated virus 9 injection. The survival, cardiac function, and scar size, as well as the apoptosis, angiogenesis, cardiac fibrosis, T helper 2 lymphocyte cytokine production, and macrophage polarization were assessed. The effects of YY1 on Akt phosphorylation and vascular endothelial growth factor production were also investigated. The expression of YY1 in heart was significantly stimulated by MI. The survival rate, cardiac function, scar size, and left ventricular volume of mice were improved by YY1 overexpression but worsened by YY1 silencing. YY1 alleviated cardiac apoptosis and fibrosis, promoted angiogenesis, T helper 2 cytokine production, and M2 macrophage polarization in the post-MI heart, it also enhanced the tube formation and migration ability of endothelial cells. Enhanced Akt phosphorylation, along with the increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels were observed in presence of YY1 overexpression. Conclusions YY1 ameliorates cardiac injury and remodeling after MI by repressing cardiomyocyte apoptosis and boosting angiogenesis, which might be ascribed to the enhancement of Akt phosphorylation and the subsequent vascular endothelial growth factor up-regulation. Increased T helper 2 cytokine production and M2 macrophage polarization may also be involved in YY1's cardioprotective effects. These findings supported YY1 as a potential target for therapeutic investigation of MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology Fujian Heart Medical Center Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Liangpeng Li
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Chen
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Qiao Liao
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Dezhong Yang
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Xuewei Xia
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Hongyong Wang
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Wei Eric Wang
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China
| | - Lianglong Chen
- Department of Cardiology Fujian Heart Medical Center Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou P. R. China
| | - Chunyu Zeng
- Department of Cardiology Daping Hospital Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory for Hypertension Research Chongqing Cardiovascular Clinical Research Center Chongqing Institute of Cardiology Chongqing P. R. China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury Daping Hospital The Third Military Medical University Chongqing P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology of Chongqing General Hospital Cardiovascular Research Center of Chongqing College University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing P. R. China.,Department of Cardiology Fujian Heart Medical Center Fujian Institute of Coronary Heart Disease Fujian Medical University Union Hospital Fuzhou P. R. China
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Park J, Choi SW, Cha BG, Kim J, Kang SJ. Alternative Activation of Macrophages through Interleukin-13-Loaded Extra-Large-Pore Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Suppresses Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:4446-4453. [PMID: 34435775 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c00946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment via cytokine-mediated immunomodulation has been hampered by the difficulty with which cytokines can be stably and noninvasively delivered to the central nervous system. Here, we show that interleukin (IL)-13 packaged in extra-large-pore mesoporous silica nanoparticles (XL-MSNs) is protected from degradation and directs the alternative activation of macrophages both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the noninvasive intranasal delivery of IL-13-loaded XL-MSNs ameliorated the symptoms of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a murine model of MS, accompanied by the induction of chemokines orchestrating immune cell infiltration. These results demonstrate the therapeutic potential of IL-13-loaded XL-MSNs for MS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyeon Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Woo Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Geun Cha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyun Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Seoul 06355, Republic of Korea.,School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea.,Institute of Quantum Biophysics (IQB), Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Dapash M, Castro B, Hou D, Lee-Chang C. Current Immunotherapeutic Strategies for the Treatment of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4548. [PMID: 34572775 PMCID: PMC8467991 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal primary brain tumor. Despite extensive effort in basic, translational, and clinical research, the treatment outcomes for patients with GBM are virtually unchanged over the past 15 years. GBM is one of the most immunologically "cold" tumors, in which cytotoxic T-cell infiltration is minimal, and myeloid infiltration predominates. This is due to the profound immunosuppressive nature of GBM, a tumor microenvironment that is metabolically challenging for immune cells, and the low mutational burden of GBMs. Together, these GBM characteristics contribute to the poor results obtained from immunotherapy. However, as indicated by an ongoing and expanding number of clinical trials, and despite the mostly disappointing results to date, immunotherapy remains a conceptually attractive approach for treating GBM. Checkpoint inhibitors, various vaccination strategies, and CAR T-cell therapy serve as some of the most investigated immunotherapeutic strategies. This review article aims to provide a general overview of the current state of glioblastoma immunotherapy. Information was compiled through a literature search conducted on PubMed and clinical trials between 1961 to 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Dapash
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (B.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Brandyn Castro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (B.C.); (D.H.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - David Hou
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (B.C.); (D.H.)
| | - Catalina Lee-Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; (B.C.); (D.H.)
- Northwestern Medicine Malnati Brain Tumor Institute, Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Sasaki T, Akiyama M, Kaneko Y, Takeuchi T. IgG4-related disease and idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease: confusable immune-mediated disorders. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:490-501. [PMID: 34363463 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) and idiopathic multicentric Castleman's disease (iMCD) are both rare systemic immune-mediated disorders. However, pathogenesis differs markedly between the two diseases, and differing therapeutic strategies are adopted: IgG4-RD is treated using a moderate dose of glucocorticoids or rituximab, while iMCD therapy involves an interleukin (IL)-6 targeted approach. Nonetheless, some clinical features of IgG4-RD and iMCD overlap, so differential diagnosis is sometimes difficult, even though the classification and diagnostic criteria of the diseases require careful exclusion of the other. The key findings in IgG4-RD are high IgG4/IgG ratio, allergic features, and germinal centre expansion involving T follicular helper cells, while iMCD involves polyclonal antibody production (high IgA and IgM levels), sheet-like mature plasma cell proliferation, and inflammatory features driven by IL-6. The distribution of organ involvement also provides important clues in both diseases. Particular attention should be given to differential diagnosis using combined clinical and/or pathological findings, because single features cannot distinguish IgG4-RD from iMCD. In the present review, we discuss the similarities and differences between IgG4-RD and iMCD, as well as how to distinguish the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Sasaki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Yang R, Weisshaar M, Mele F, Benhsaien I, Dorgham K, Han J, Croft CA, Notarbartolo S, Rosain J, Bastard P, Puel A, Fleckenstein B, Glimcher LH, Di Santo JP, Ma CS, Gorochov G, Bousfiha A, Abel L, Tangye SG, Casanova JL, Bustamante J, Sallusto F. High Th2 cytokine levels and upper airway inflammation in human inherited T-bet deficiency. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202726. [PMID: 34160550 PMCID: PMC8225679 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have described a child suffering from Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) due to autosomal recessive, complete T-bet deficiency, which impairs IFN-γ production by innate and innate-like adaptive, but not mycobacterial-reactive purely adaptive, lymphocytes. Here, we explore the persistent upper airway inflammation (UAI) and blood eosinophilia of this patient. Unlike wild-type (WT) T-bet, the mutant form of T-bet from this patient did not inhibit the production of Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-9, and IL-13, when overexpressed in T helper 2 (Th2) cells. Moreover, Herpesvirus saimiri-immortalized T cells from the patient produced abnormally large amounts of Th2 cytokines, and the patient had markedly high plasma IL-5 and IL-13 concentrations. Finally, the patient's CD4+ αβ T cells produced most of the Th2 cytokines in response to chronic stimulation, regardless of their antigen specificities, a phenotype reversed by the expression of WT T-bet. T-bet deficiency thus underlies the excessive production of Th2 cytokines, particularly IL-5 and IL-13, by CD4+ αβ T cells, causing blood eosinophilia and UAI. The MSMD of this patient results from defective IFN-γ production by innate and innate-like adaptive lymphocytes, whereas the UAI and eosinophilia result from excessive Th2 cytokine production by adaptive CD4+ αβ T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Marc Weisshaar
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Federico Mele
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Ibtihal Benhsaien
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Karim Dorgham
- Sorbonne University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, Paris, France
| | - Jing Han
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
| | - Carys A. Croft
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1223, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Samuele Notarbartolo
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Jérémie Rosain
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Paul Bastard
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Anne Puel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Bernhard Fleckenstein
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Laurie H. Glimcher
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - James P. Di Santo
- Innate Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale U1223, Paris, France
| | - Cindy S. Ma
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Guy Gorochov
- Sorbonne University, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale, Center for Immunology and Microbial Infections-Paris, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Immunology, Paris, France
| | - Aziz Bousfiha
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Inflammation, and Allergy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Casablanca, King Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
- Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Averroes, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Laurent Abel
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Stuart G. Tangye
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Jacinta Bustamante
- St. Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, Rockefeller University, New York, NY
- Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale Unité Mixte de Recherches 1163, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Paris, France
- University of Paris, Imagine Institute, Paris, France
- Study Center for Primary Immunodeficiencies, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Federica Sallusto
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Center of Medical Immunology, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Italian Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
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Li Y, Chen Q, Ji W, Fan Y, Huang L, Chu C, Zhou W. TLR2 deficiency promotes IgE and inhibits IgG1 class-switching following ovalbumin sensitization. Ital J Pediatr 2021; 47:162. [PMID: 34315511 PMCID: PMC8314519 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-021-01088-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To explore the roles of Toll-like receptor (TLR)2 in Th2 cytokine production and immunoglobulin (Ig) class switching following ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization. METHODS TLR2-/- and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were sensitized by intraperitoneal injection with OVA. Lung pathology was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Abundance of interleukin (IL)4, IL5, IL13, and IL21 transcripts in the lungs was quantified by RT-PCR. OVA-specific IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, IgE and IgM were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 in lung tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry staining and nuclear factor (NF) κB activation was measured by immunofluorescence staining. STAT3 activation was inhibited using cryptotanshinone (CPT) treatment. Germline transcripts (Iμ-Cμ, Iγ-Cγ, Iα-Cα or Iε-Cε), post-recombination transcripts (Iμ-Cγ, Iμ-Cα or Iμ- Cε) and mature transcripts (VHDJH-Cγ, VHDJH-Cα or VHDJH-Cε) were analyzed from splenic B cells of OVA-sensitized wild-type mice (with or without CPT treatment) and TLR2-/- mice (with or without IL21 treatment). RESULTS The lungs of TLR2-/- mice showed a lesser degree of inflammation than wild-type mice after OVA sensitization. Following OVA sensitization, levels of IL4, IL13, and IL21, but not IL5, were significantly lower in TLR2-/- compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, OVA-specific IgG1 and IgE titers were markedly lower and higher, respectively, in TLR2-/- mice. TLR2 deficiency inhibited STAT3 activation but not NF-κB p65 activation. CPT treatment reduced IgG1 titers via inhibition of Stat3 phosphorylation. Both TLR2 knockout and CPT treatment reduced the frequencies of Iγ1-Cγ1, Iγ3-Cγ3 and Iα-Cα transcripts, but IL21 treatment compensated for the effects of TLR2 deficiency. CONCLUSION These results suggest a role of TLR2 in restricting OVA-sensitized lung inflammation via promotion of IgG1 and inhibition of IgE class switching regulated by IL21 and STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqin Li
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiu Chen
- School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123 China
| | - Wei Ji
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yujie Fan
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Huang
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chu Chu
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
| | - Weifang Zhou
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215003 People’s Republic of China
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70
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Dubin C, Del Duca E, Guttman-Yassky E. The IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31 pathways in atopic dermatitis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:835-852. [PMID: 34106037 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1940962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease. It has a complex pathophysiology, with a combination of immune dysregulation and intrinsic barrier defects driving cutaneous inflammation and allergic symptomatology. The IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31 inflammatory pathways have been identified as hallmark features in the pathogenesis of the disease, contributing uniquely and synergistically to immune and barrier abnormalities as well as the key symptoms, such as pruritis. Novel therapeutics that target these pathways have been under development to find treatments for AD.Areas covered: This review discusses the IL-4, IL-13 and IL-31 pathways in AD. We will also detail novel targeted therapeutics that have recently been or are currently in clinical trials for AD. A literature search was conducted by querying Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Clinicaltrials.gov up to January 2021 using combinations of the search terms 'IL-4' 'IL-13' 'IL-31' 'atopic dermatitis' 'immune pathway' 'biologics' 'novel therapeutics' 'JAK/STAT inhibitors.'Expert opinion: The complex pathophysiology of AD advocates for innovation. Novel minimally invasive sampling modalities such as tape stripping will allow for a broader characterization of the immunomechanisms behind AD pathophysiology. This will allow for the continued development of a personalized medicine approach to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Dubin
- Department of Dermatology, And Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Ester Del Duca
- Department of Dermatology, And Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Department of Dermatology, Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, IT, Calabria
| | - Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Department of Dermatology, And Laboratory of Inflammatory Skin Diseases, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA.,Laboratory for Investigative Dermatology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York USA
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71
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Arvind V, Huang AH. Reparative and Maladaptive Inflammation in Tendon Healing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:719047. [PMID: 34350166 PMCID: PMC8327090 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.719047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendon injuries are common and debilitating, with non-regenerative healing often resulting in chronic disease. While there has been considerable progress in identifying the cellular and molecular regulators of tendon healing, the role of inflammation in tendon healing is less well understood. While inflammation underlies chronic tendinopathy, it also aids debris clearance and signals tissue repair. Here, we highlight recent findings in this area, focusing on the cells and cytokines involved in reparative inflammation. We also discuss findings from other model systems when research in tendon is minimal, and explore recent studies in the treatment of human tendinopathy to glean further insights into the immunobiology of tendon healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Arvind
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
| | - Alice H. Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
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72
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Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the STAT6-regulated genes in advanced-stage cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Blood 2021; 136:1748-1759. [PMID: 32438399 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019004725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) is a critical up-stream mediator of interleukin-13 (IL-13) and IL-4 signaling and is constitutively activated in malignant lymphocytes from Sezary syndrome (SS) and mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. By combining genome-wide expression profiling with pharmacological STAT6 inhibition, we have identified the genes regulated by STAT6 in MF/SS tumors. We found that STAT6 regulates several common pathways in MF/SS malignant lymphocytes that are associated with control of cell-cycle progression and genomic stability as well as production of Th2 cytokines. Using ex vivo skin explants from cutaneous MF tumors as well as Sezary cells derived from the blood of SS patients, we demonstrated that inhibition of STAT6 activation downregulates cytokine production and induces cell-cycle arrest in MF/SS malignant lymphocytes, inhibiting their proliferation but not their survival. Furthermore, we show that STAT6 promotes the protumoral M2-like phenotype of tumor-associated macrophages in the tumor microenvironment of advanced stage MF by upregulating the expression of genes associated with immunosuppression, chemotaxis, and tumor matrix remodeling. Thus, we show STAT6 to be a major factor in the pathogenesis and progression of MF/SS, promoting proliferation and invasion of the malignant lymphocytes while inducing a progressive depression of the antitumor immune response. Together, our results provide new insights into disease pathogenesis and offer new prospective targets for therapeutic intervention.
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73
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Hamilton D, Lehman H. Asthma Phenotypes as a Guide for Current and Future Biologic Therapies. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 59:160-174. [PMID: 31359247 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08760-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma has been increasingly recognized as being a heterogeneous disease with multiple distinct mechanisms and pathophysiologies. Evidence continues to build regarding the existence of different cell types, environmental exposures, pathogens, and other factors that produce a similar set of symptoms known collectively as asthma. This has led to a movement from a "one size fits all" symptom-based methodology to a more patient-centered, individualized approach to asthma treatment targeting the underlying disease process. A significant contributor to this shift to more personalized asthma therapy has been the increasing availability of numerous biologic therapies in recent years, providing the opportunity for more targeted treatments. When targeted biologics began to be developed for treatment of asthma, the hope was that distinct biomarkers would become available, allowing the clinician to determine which biologic therapy was best suited for which patients. Presence of certain biomarkers, like eosinophilia or antigen-specific IgE, is important features of specific asthma phenotypes. Currently available biomarkers can help with decision making about biologics, but are generally too broad and non-specific to clearly identify an asthma phenotype or the single biologic best suited to an asthmatic. Identification of further biomarkers is the subject of intense research. Yet, identifying a patient's asthma phenotype can help in predicting disease course, response to treatment, and biologic therapies to consider. In this review, major asthma phenotypes are reviewed, and the evidence for the utility of various biologics, both those currently on the market and those in the development process, in each of these phenotypes is explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hamilton
- SUNY Upstate Medical University College of Medicine, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Heather Lehman
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, 1001 Main Street, Buffalo, NY, 14203, USA.
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74
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Wang G, Zhou B, Wang Z, Meng Y, Liu Y, Yao X, Feng C. Pharmacological Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-asthmatic Effects of Modified Guomin Decoction Determined by Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:644561. [PMID: 33968984 PMCID: PMC8100455 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.644561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by Th2-predominant inflammation and airway remodeling. Modified Guo Min decoction (MGMD) has been an extensive practical strategy for allergic disorders in China. Although its potential anti-asthmatic activity has been reported, the exact mechanism of action of MGMD in asthma remains unexplored. Methods Network pharmacology approach was employed to predict the active components, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of MGMD for asthma treatment, including drug-likeness evaluation, oral bioavailability prediction, protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction and analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) terms, and Reactome pathway annotation. Molecular docking was carried out to investigate interactions between active compounds and potential targets. Results A total of 92 active compounds and 72 anti-asthma targets of MGMD were selected for analysis. The GO enrichment analysis results indicated that the anti-asthmatic targets of MGMD mainly participate in inflammatory and in airway remolding processes. The Reactome pathway analysis showed that MGMD prevents asthma mainly through regulation of the IL-4 and IL-13 signaling and the specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) biosynthesis. Molecular docking results suggest that each bioactive compounds (quercetin, wogonin, luteolin, naringenin, and kaempferol) is capable to bind with STAT3, PTGS2, JUN, VEGFA, EGFR, and ALOX5. Conclusion This study revealed the active ingredients and potential molecular mechanism by which MGMD treatment is effective against airway inflammation and remodeling in asthma through regulating IL-4 and IL-13 signaling and SPMs biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guishu Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Department of TCM, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Xiyuan Hospital Affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zheyi Wang
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Meng
- Department of TCM, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqian Liu
- Dongzhimen Hospital Affiliated to Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yao
- Department of TCM, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cuiling Feng
- Department of TCM, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Ganesalingam K, Ismail S, Sherwin T, Craig JP. Molecular evidence for the role of inflammation in dry eye disease. Clin Exp Optom 2021; 102:446-454. [DOI: 10.1111/cxo.12849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaivarny Ganesalingam
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Salim Ismail
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Trevor Sherwin
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
| | - Jennifer P Craig
- Department of Ophthalmology, New Zealand National Eye Centre, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand,
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IL13Rα2 Is Involved in the Progress of Renal Cell Carcinoma through the JAK2/FOXO3 Pathway. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11040284. [PMID: 33917914 PMCID: PMC8068290 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported a close relationship between type II IL4Rα and IL13Rα1 complex and poor outcomes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). In this study, we investigated the clinicopathologically significant oncogenic role of IL13Rα2, a kind of the independent receptor for IL13, in 229 RCC patients. The high expression of IL13Rα2 was closely related to relapse-free survival in specific cancers in univariate and multivariate analysis. Then, the oncogenic role of IL13Rα2 was evaluated by performing in vitro assays for cell proliferation, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in A498, ACHN, Caki1, and Caki2, four kinds of RCC cells after transfection of siRNA against IL13Rα2. Cell proliferation was suppressed, and apoptosis was induced in A498, ACHN, Caki1, and Caki2 cells by knockdown of IL13Rα2. Interestingly, the knockdown of IL13Rα2 decreased the phosphorylation of JAK2 and increased the expression of FOXO3. Furthermore, the knockdown of IL13Rα2 reduced the protein interaction among IL13Rα2, phosphorylated JAK2, and FOXO3. Since phosphorylation of JAK2 was regulated by IL13Rα2, we tried to screen a novel JAK2 inhibitor from the FDA-approved drug library and selected telmisartan, a clinically used medicine against hypertension, as one of the strongest candidates. Telmisartan treatment decreased the cell proliferation rate and increased apoptosis in A498, ACHN, Caki1, and Caki2 cells. Mechanistically, telmisartan treatment decreased the phosphorylation of JAK2 and increased the expression of FOXO3. Taken together, these results suggest that IL13Rα2 regulates the progression of RCC via the JAK2/FOXO3-signaling path pathway, which might be targeted as the novel therapeutic option for RCC patients.
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77
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Gonçalves F, Freitas E, Torres T. Selective IL-13 inhibitors for the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Drugs Context 2021; 10:dic-2021-1-7. [PMID: 33889195 PMCID: PMC8015935 DOI: 10.7573/dic.2021-1-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common chronic inflammatory skin diseases worldwide. AD pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving environmental and genetic factors. IL-13 stands out as one of the main cytokines in the pathophysiology of AD. Currently, dupilumab, which targets both IL-4 and IL-13 signalling, is the only biologic agent approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. New targeted biologic therapies are being developed, such as lebrikizumab and tralokinumab, two selective IL-13 inhibitors. This article reviews the role of IL-13 in AD and the most recent data on lebrikizumab and tralokinumab. Methods A narrative review of the literature was written after retrieving relevant articles in the PubMed database (up until December 2020) using the following keywords present in the title, abstract or body: atopic dermatitis; interleukin 13; IL-13; tralokinumab; lebrikizumab, biologic therapy. Discussion A phase IIb trial showed that all three dosing regimens evaluated (lebrikizumab 125 mg every 4 weeks (Q4W), 250 mg Q4W or 250 mg every 2 weeks) achieved rapid and dose-dependent efficacy concerning the signs and symptoms of AD, with a statistically significant improvement, at week 16. Tralokinumab was studied in three phase III clinical trials and reached its primary endpoints at week 16 (ECZTRA 1 and 2 in monotherapy and ECZTRA 3 with concomitant topical corticosteroids), with response maintained over time. Both lebrikizumab and tralokinumab exhibited good safety profiles in AD trials, with adverse effects usually being comparable between the control and treatment groups. Conclusion The evidence supports the hypothesis that selective antagonism of IL-13 is sufficient to control AD, providing an improvement in the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, the development of lebrikizumab and tralokinumab represents a new and exciting phase in the management of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Gonçalves
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Egídio Freitas
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tiago Torres
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Dermatology Research Unit, Centro Hospitalar do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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An SY, Petrescu AD, DeMorrow S. Targeting Certain Interleukins as Novel Treatment Options for Liver Fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:645703. [PMID: 33841164 PMCID: PMC8024568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.645703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver is a major metabolic organ and an immunologically complex organ. It produces and uses many substances such as acute phase proteins, cytokines, chemokines, and complementary components to maintain the balance between immunity and tolerance. Interleukins are important immune control cytokines, that are produced by many body cells. In liver injury, interleukins are produced in large amount by various cell types, and act as pro-inflammatory (e.g. interleukin (IL)-6, IL-13, IL-17, and IL-33) as well as anti-inflammatory (e.g. IL-10) functions in hepatic cells. Recently, interleukins are regarded as interesting therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis patients. Hepatic cells such as hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells, and hepatic macrophages are involved to the initiation, perpetuation, and resolution of fibrosis. The understanding of the role of interleukins in such cells provides opportunity for the development of therapeutic target drugs. This paper aims to understand the functional roles of interleukins in hepatic and immune cells when the liver is damaged, and suggests the possibility of interleukins as a new treatment target in liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeon An
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Anca D Petrescu
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States
| | - Sharon DeMorrow
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States.,Research Division, Central Texas Veterans Healthcare System, Temple, TX, United States
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79
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Peterson DM, Vesely MD. Remission of severe atopic dermatitis with dupilumab and rescue tofacitinib therapy. JAAD Case Rep 2021; 10:4-7. [PMID: 33728367 PMCID: PMC7935686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdcr.2021.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Vesely
- Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Suraya R, Nagano T, Katsurada M, Sekiya R, Kobayashi K, Nishimura Y. Molecular mechanism of asthma and its novel molecular target therapeutic agent. Respir Investig 2021; 59:291-301. [PMID: 33549541 DOI: 10.1016/j.resinv.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a chronic disease with major public health ramifications owing to its high morbidity and mortality rates, especially in severe and recurrent cases. Conventional therapeutic options could partially alleviate the burden of asthma, yet a novel approach is needed to completely control this condition. To do so, a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying asthma is essential to recognize and treat the major pathways that drive its pathophysiology. In this review, we will discuss the molecular mechanism of asthma, in particular focusing on the type of inflammatory responses it elicits, namely type 2 and non-type 2 asthma. Furthermore, we will discuss the novel therapeutic options that target the aberrant molecules found in asthma pathophysiology. We will specifically focus on the role of novel monoclonal antibody therapies recently developed, such as the anti-IgE, IL-5, IL-5Rα, and IL-4Rα antibodies, drugs that have been extensively studied preclinically and clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratoe Suraya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Nagano
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Katsurada
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Reina Sekiya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Kobayashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nishimura
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1 Kusunokicho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
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Miranda E, Roberts J, Novick S, Lapointe JM, Bruijnzeel-Koomen C, Thijs J, Sleeman MA, May RD, Hijnen D, Strickland I. Immunohistochemical Characterization of the IL-13:IL-4 Receptor α Axis in the Skin of Adult Patients with Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis and Healthy Controls. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 141:440-443.e4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2020.05.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Tubau C, Puig L. Therapeutic targeting of the IL-13 pathway in skin inflammation. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2020; 17:15-25. [PMID: 33275064 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2020.1858802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous, chronic, inflammatory skin disease with a non-negligible prevalence at present. Its pathogenesis is complex, but mainly characterized by constitutive T helper type 2 (Th2)-cell activation. Systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe AD can be associated with adverse events that encumber their satisfactory long-term use. Several drugs targeting relevant molecules in the immunopathogenesis of AD have been approved or are under clinical development for the treatment of moderate to severe AD. To elaborate this review, literature searches were performed in PubMed on 29 August 2020.Areas covered: This narrative literature review is focused on the pivotal role of IL-13 in the immunopathogenesis of AD and other skin diseases.Expert opinion: Dupilumab has demonstrated the central role of IL-13 and IL-4 in the pathogenesis of AD, asthma, and other diseases in the atopic spectrum. In addition, phase III randomized clinical trials (RCTs) evaluating specific blockade of IL-13 with tralokinumab for treatment of AD also demonstrated favorable results, and phase III RCT evaluating lebrikizumab are ongoing. The role of IL-13 in other skin diseases should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Tubau
- Dermatology Department, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lluís Puig
- Dermatology Department, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma De Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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83
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Nogueira M, Puig L, Torres T. JAK Inhibitors for Treatment of Psoriasis: Focus on Selective TYK2 Inhibitors. Drugs 2020; 80:341-352. [PMID: 32020553 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-020-01261-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Despite advances in the treatment of psoriasis, there is an unmet need for effective and safe oral treatments. The Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway plays a significant role in intracellular signalling of cytokines of numerous cellular processes, important in both normal and pathological states of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Particularly in psoriasis, where the interleukin (IL)-23/IL-17 axis is currently considered the crucial pathogenic pathway, blocking the JAK-STAT pathway with small molecules would be expected to be clinically effective. However, relative non-specificity and low therapeutic index of the available JAK inhibitors have delayed their integration into the therapeutic armamentarium of psoriasis. Current research appears to be focused on Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2), the first described member of the JAK family. Data from the Phase II trial of BMS-986165-a selective TYK2 inhibitor-in psoriasis have been published and clinical results are encouraging, with a large Phase III programme ongoing. Further, the selective TYK2 inhibitor PF-06826647 is being tested in moderate-to-severe psoriasis in a Phase II clinical trial. Brepocitinib, a potent TYK2/JAK1 inhibitor, is also being evaluated, as both oral and topical treatment. Results of studies with TYK2 inhibitors will be important in assessing the clinical efficacy and safety of these drugs and their place in the therapeutic armamentarium of psoriasis. This article reviews current data on the impact of JAK inhibitors in the treatment of adult patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Nogueira
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis Puig
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiago Torres
- Department of Dermatology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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84
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Bitton A, Avlas S, Reichman H, Itan M, Karo-Atar D, Azouz NP, Rozenberg P, Diesendruck Y, Nahary L, Rothenberg ME, Benhar I, Munitz A. A key role for IL-13 signaling via the type 2 IL-4 receptor in experimental atopic dermatitis. Sci Immunol 2020; 5:5/44/eaaw2938. [PMID: 32060143 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaw2938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
IL-13 and IL-4 are potent mediators of type 2-associated inflammation such as those found in atopic dermatitis (AD). IL-4 shares overlapping biological functions with IL-13, a finding that is mainly explained by their ability to signal via the type 2 IL-4 receptor (R), which is composed of IL-4Rα in association with IL-13Rα1. Nonetheless, the role of the type 2 IL-4R in AD remains to be clearly defined. Induction of two distinct models of experimental AD in Il13ra1 -/- mice, which lack the type 2 IL-4R, revealed that dermatitis, including ear and epidermal thickening, was dependent on type 2 IL-4R signaling. Expression of TNF-α was dependent on the type 2 IL-4R, whereas induction of IL-4, IgE, CCL24, and skin eosinophilia was dependent on the type 1 IL-4R. Neutralization of IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-α as well as studies in bone marrow-chimeric mice revealed that dermatitis, TNF-α, CXCL1, and CCL11 expression were exclusively mediated by IL-13 signaling via the type 2 IL-4R expressed by nonhematopoietic cells. Conversely, induction of IL-4, CCL24, and eosinophilia was dependent on IL-4 signaling via the type 1 IL-4R expressed by hematopoietic cells. Last, we pharmacologically targeted IL-13Rα1 and established a proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of this pathway in AD. Our data provide mechanistic insight into the differential roles of IL-4, IL-13, and their receptor components in allergic skin and highlight type 2 IL-4R as a potential therapeutic target in AD and other allergic diseases such as asthma and eosinophilic esophagitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almog Bitton
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.,Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shmuel Avlas
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Reichman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Michal Itan
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Danielle Karo-Atar
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nurit P Azouz
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Perri Rozenberg
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Diesendruck
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Limor Nahary
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Marc E Rothenberg
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Itai Benhar
- School of Molecular Cell Biology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
| | - Ariel Munitz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, 69978 Tel Aviv, Israel.
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85
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Austin CD, Gonzalez Edick M, Ferrando RE, Solon M, Baca M, Mesh K, Bradding P, Gauvreau GM, Sumino K, FitzGerald JM, Israel E, Bjermer L, Bourdin A, Arron JR, Choy DF, Olsson JK, Abreu F, Howard M, Wong K, Cai F, Peng K, Putnam WS, Holweg CT, Matthews JG, Kraft M, Woodruff PG. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial evaluating effects of lebrikizumab on airway eosinophilic inflammation and remodelling in uncontrolled asthma (CLAVIER). Clin Exp Allergy 2020; 50:1342-1351. [PMID: 32909660 PMCID: PMC7756263 DOI: 10.1111/cea.13731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-interleukin 13 (IL-13) monoclonal antibody lebrikizumab improves lung function in patients with moderate-to-severe uncontrolled asthma, but its effects on airway inflammation and remodelling are unknown. CLAVIER was designed to assess lebrikizumab's effect on eosinophilic inflammation and remodelling. OBJECTIVE To report safety and efficacy results from enrolled participants with available data from CLAVIER. METHODS We performed bronchoscopy on patients with uncontrolled asthma before and after 12 weeks of randomized double-blinded treatment with lebrikizumab (n = 31) or placebo (n = 33). The pre-specified primary end-point was relative change in airway subepithelial eosinophils per mm2 of basement membrane (cells/mm2 ). Pre-specified secondary and exploratory outcomes included change in IL-13-associated biomarkers and measures of airway remodelling. RESULTS There was a baseline imbalance in tissue eosinophils and high variability between treatment groups. There was no discernible change in adjusted mean subepithelial eosinophils/mm2 in response to lebrikizumab (95% CI, -82.5%, 97.5%). As previously observed, FEV1 increased after lebrikizumab treatment. Moreover, subepithelial collagen thickness decreased 21.5% after lebrikizumab treatment (95% CI, -32.9%, -10.2%), and fractional exhaled nitric oxide, CCL26 and SERPINB2 mRNA expression in bronchial tissues also reduced. Lebrikizumab was well tolerated, with a safety profile consistent with other lebrikizumab asthma studies. CONCLUSIONS & CLINICAL RELEVANCE We did not observe reduced tissue eosinophil numbers in association with lebrikizumab treatment. However, in pre-specified exploratory analyses, lebrikizumab treatment was associated with reduced degree of subepithelial fibrosis, a feature of airway remodelling, as well as improved lung function and reduced key pharmacodynamic biomarkers in bronchial tissues. These results reinforce the importance of IL-13 in airway pathobiology and suggest that neutralization of IL-13 may reduce asthmatic airway remodelling. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02099656.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald E. Ferrando
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
- Present address:
Stemcentrx/AbbVie, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | | | | | - Peter Bradding
- University of Leicester and Glenfield HospitalLeicesterUK
| | | | - Kaharu Sumino
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt LouisMOUSA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kit Wong
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Fang Cai
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | - Kun Peng
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
| | | | | | - John G. Matthews
- Genentech, Inc.South San FranciscoCAUSA
- Present address:
23andMeMountain ViewCAUSA
| | - Monica Kraft
- University of Arizona College of MedicineTucsonAZUSA
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86
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Eslamloo K, Caballero-Solares A, Inkpen SM, Emam M, Kumar S, Bouniot C, Avendaño-Herrera R, Jakob E, Rise ML. Transcriptomic Profiling of the Adaptive and Innate Immune Responses of Atlantic Salmon to Renibacterium salmoninarum Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:567838. [PMID: 33193341 PMCID: PMC7656060 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.567838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacterial Kidney Disease (BKD), which is caused by a Gram-positive, intracellular bacterial pathogen (Renibacterium salmoninarum), affects salmonids including Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). However, the transcriptome response of Atlantic salmon to BKD remained unknown before the current study. We used a 44K salmonid microarray platform to characterise the global gene expression response of Atlantic salmon to BKD. Fish (~54 g) were injected with a dose of R. salmoninarum (H-2 strain, 2 × 108 CFU per fish) or sterile medium (control), and then head kidney samples were collected at 13 days post-infection/injection (dpi). Firstly, infection levels of individuals were determined through quantifying the R. salmoninarum level by RNA-based TaqMan qPCR assays. Thereafter, based on the qPCR results for infection level, fish (n = 5) that showed no (control), higher (H-BKD), or lower (L-BKD) infection level at 13 dpi were subjected to microarray analyses. We identified 6,766 and 7,729 differentially expressed probes in the H-BKD and L-BKD groups, respectively. There were 357 probes responsive to the infection level (H-BKD vs. L-BKD). Several adaptive and innate immune processes were dysregulated in R. salmoninarum-infected Atlantic salmon. Adaptive immune pathways associated with lymphocyte differentiation and activation (e.g., lymphocyte chemotaxis, T-cell activation, and immunoglobulin secretion), as well as antigen-presenting cell functions, were shown to be differentially regulated in response to BKD. The infection level-responsive transcripts were related to several mechanisms such as the JAK-STAT signalling pathway, B-cell differentiation and interleukin-1 responses. Sixty-five microarray-identified transcripts were subjected to qPCR validation, and they showed the same fold-change direction as microarray results. The qPCR-validated transcripts studied herein play putative roles in various immune processes including pathogen recognition (e.g., tlr5), antibacterial activity (e.g., hamp and camp), regulation of immune responses (e.g., tnfrsf11b and socs1), T-/B-cell differentiation (e.g., ccl4, irf1 and ccr5), T-cell functions (e.g., rnf144a, il13ra1b and tnfrsf6b), and antigen-presenting cell functions (e.g., fcgr1). The present study revealed diverse immune mechanisms dysregulated by R. salmoninarum in Atlantic salmon, and enhanced the current understanding of Atlantic salmon response to BKD. The identified biomarker genes can be used for future studies on improving the resistance of Atlantic salmon to BKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Eslamloo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Sabrina M Inkpen
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Mohamed Emam
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
| | | | - Ruben Avendaño-Herrera
- Facultad Ciencias de la Vida, Viña del Mar, and FONDAP Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Universidad Andrés Bello, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eva Jakob
- Cargill Innovation Center-Colaco, Calbuco, Chile
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, Canada
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87
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Cervantes-García D, Jiménez M, Rivas-Santiago CE, Gallegos-Alcalá P, Hernández-Mercado A, Santoyo-Payán LS, Loera-Arias MDJ, Saucedo-Cardenas O, Montes de Oca-Luna R, Salinas E. Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 Prevents Asthmatic Airway Inflammation and Remodelling in Rats through the Improvement of Intestinal Barrier Function and Systemic TGF-β Production. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2020; 182:277-291. [PMID: 33147596 DOI: 10.1159/000511146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of probiotics has been broadly popularized due to positive effects in the attenuation of aberrant immune responses such as asthma. Allergic asthma is a chronic respiratory disease characterized by airway inflammation and remodelling. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of oral administration of Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 on asthmatic airway inflammation and lung tissue remodelling in rats and its relation to the maintenance of an adequate intestinal barrier. METHODS Wistar rats were ovalbumin (OVA) sensitized and challenged and orally treated with L. lactis. Lung inflammatory infiltrates and cytokines were measured, and remodelling was evaluated. Serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels were assessed. We also evaluated changes on intestinal environment and on systemic immune response. RESULTS L. lactis diminished the infiltration of proinflammatory leucocytes, mainly eosinophils, in the bronchoalveolar compartment, decreased lung IL-4 and IL-5 expression, and reduced the level of serum allergen-specific IgE. Furthermore, L. lactis prevented eosinophil influx, collagen deposition, and goblet cell hyperplasia in lung tissue. In the intestine, L. lactis-treated asthmatic rats increased Peyer's patch and goblet cell quantity and mRNA expression of IgA, MUC-2, and claudin. Additionally, intestinal morphological alterations were normalized by L. lactis administration. Splenocyte proliferative response to OVA was abolished, and serum levels of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β were increased by L. lactis treatment. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that L. lactis is a potential candidate for asthma prevention, and the effect is mediated by the improvement of intestinal barrier function and systemic TGF-β production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Cervantes-García
- National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico.,Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Mariela Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - César E Rivas-Santiago
- National Council of Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico.,Academic Unit of Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico
| | - Pamela Gallegos-Alcalá
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Alicia Hernández-Mercado
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - Leslie S Santoyo-Payán
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | | | - Odila Saucedo-Cardenas
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Nuevo Leon, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | | | - Eva Salinas
- Department of Microbiology, Center of Basic Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, Mexico,
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Damsky W, Peterson D, Ramseier J, Al-Bawardy B, Chun H, Proctor D, Strand V, Flavell RA, King B. The emerging role of Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 147:814-826. [PMID: 33129886 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune and inflammatory diseases are common and diverse, and they can affect nearly any organ system. Much of the pathogenesis of these diseases is related to dysregulated cytokine activity. Historically, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases have been treated with medications that nonspecifically suppress the immune system. mAbs that block the action of pathogenic cytokines emerged 2 decades ago and have become widely useful. More recently, agents that simultaneously block multiple pathogenic cytokines via inhibition of the downstream Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway have emerged and are becoming increasingly important. These small-molecule inhibitors, collectively termed JAK inhibitors, are US Food and Drug Administration-approved in a few autoimmune/inflammatory disorders and are being evaluated in many others. Here, we review the biology of the JAK-signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway and the use of JAK inhibitors to treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases across medical subspecialties.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Damsky
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
| | - Danielle Peterson
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Julie Ramseier
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Badr Al-Bawardy
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Hyung Chun
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Deborah Proctor
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Vibeke Strand
- Division of Immunology/Rheumatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn
| | - Brett King
- Department of Dermatology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn.
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Laulajainen‐Hongisto A, Lyly A, Hanif T, Dhaygude K, Kankainen M, Renkonen R, Donner K, Mattila P, Jartti T, Bousquet J, Kauppi P, Toppila‐Salmi S. Genomics of asthma, allergy and chronic rhinosinusitis: novel concepts and relevance in airway mucosa. Clin Transl Allergy 2020; 10:45. [PMID: 33133517 PMCID: PMC7592594 DOI: 10.1186/s13601-020-00347-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genome wide association studies (GWASs) have revealed several airway disease-associated risk loci. Their role in the onset of asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR) or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), however, is not yet fully understood. The aim of this review is to evaluate the airway relevance of loci and genes identified in GWAS studies. GWASs were searched from databases, and a list of loci associating significantly (p < 10-8) with asthma, AR and CRS was created. This yielded a total of 267 significantly asthma/AR-associated loci from 31 GWASs. No significant CRS -associated loci were found in this search. A total of 170 protein coding genes were connected to these loci. Of these, 76/170 (44%) showed bronchial epithelial protein expression in stained microscopic figures of Human Protein Atlas (HPA), and 61/170 (36%) had a literature report of having airway epithelial function. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) annotation analyses were performed, and 19 functional protein categories were found as significantly (p < 0.05) enriched among these genes. These were related to cytokine production, cell activation and adaptive immune response, and all were strongly connected in network analysis. We also identified 15 protein pathways that were significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in these genes, related to T-helper cell differentiation, virus infection, JAK-STAT signaling pathway, and asthma. A third of GWAS-level risk loci genes of asthma or AR seemed to have airway epithelial functions according to our database and literature searches. In addition, many of the risk loci genes were immunity related. Some risk loci genes also related to metabolism, neuro-musculoskeletal or other functions. Functions overlapped and formed a strong network in our pathway analyses and are worth future studies of biomarker and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Laulajainen‐Hongisto
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalP.O.Box 263Kasarmikatu 11‐1300029 HUSHelsinkiFinland
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular ImmunologyInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of SciencesPragueCzech Republic
| | - Annina Lyly
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck SurgeryUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalP.O.Box 263Kasarmikatu 11‐1300029 HUSHelsinkiFinland
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | | | | | - Matti Kankainen
- HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical ChemistryUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Risto Renkonen
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- HUS Diagnostic CenterHelsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Kati Donner
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Pirkko Mattila
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Hematology Research Unit HelsinkiDepartment of HematologyHelsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer CenterHelsinkiFinland
| | - Tuomas Jartti
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineTurku University Hospital and University of TurkuTurkuFinland
| | - Jean Bousquet
- Université MontpellierMontpellierFrance
- MACVIA‐FranceMontpellierFrance
- Corporate Member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität Zu BerlinBerlin Institute of HealthComprehensive Allergy CenterDepartment of Dermatology and AllergyCharité–Universitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany
| | - Paula Kauppi
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
| | - Sanna Toppila‐Salmi
- Skin and Allergy HospitalUniversity of Helsinki and Helsinki University HospitalHelsinkiFinland
- Haartman InstituteUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
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90
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Socheongryongtang Modulates Asthma-Related Changes via Modulation of TNF-α and T-bet as well as IFN-γ in an Asthma Murine Model. Processes (Basel) 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/pr8091167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2017 the World Health Organization (WHO) reported that 235 million people suffered from asthma, and that 383,000 deaths were due to asthma in 2015. Asthma cannot be completely eradicated and the medications for asthma are associated with many adverse effects. Socheongryongtang is one of the prescriptions which has traditionally been used for the treatment of pulmonary disease, but the anti-asthmatic mechanism is unclear. To investigate the anti-asthmatic mechanism of socheongryongtang, BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: control, asthma-induced control, dexamethasone treatment, and 150 mg/kg or 1500 mg/kg socheongryongtang treatment and several biomarkers were analyzed, such as white blood cell (WBC) and differential counts in broncheoalveolar fluid (BALF), immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum, and morphological changes/helper T cell-related cytokines/transcription factor in the lung. The therapeutic ingredients were also analyzed. Socheongryongtang inhibited the neutrophils differentiation in BALF, controlled interleukin (IL)-12p40 releasing, down-regulated not only GATA-3 and helper 2 T (Th2) cell transcription factors but also IL-4, and also decreased the level of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the lung. In addition, through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis, we confirmed that the therapeutic ingredients in socheongryongtang were paeoniflorin, liquiritin, and glycyrrhizin. The oral intake of 7.3 g of socheongryongtang is beneficial for suppressing the possibility of the occurrence of asthma via modulation of TNF-α and T-bet as well as IFN-γ.
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91
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Targeting Receptors on Cancer Cells with Protein Toxins. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10091331. [PMID: 32957689 PMCID: PMC7563326 DOI: 10.3390/biom10091331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells frequently upregulate surface receptors that promote growth and survival. These receptors constitute valid targets for intervention. One strategy involves the delivery of toxic payloads with the goal of killing those cancer cells with high receptor levels. Delivery can be accomplished by attaching a toxic payload to either a receptor-binding antibody or a receptor-binding ligand. Generally, the cell-binding domain of the toxin is replaced with a ligand or antibody that dictates a new binding specificity. The advantage of this “immunotoxin” approach lies in the potency of these chimeric molecules for killing cancer cells. However, receptor expression on normal tissue represents a significant obstacle to therapeutic intervention.
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92
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Beigh AH, Rasool R, Masoodi M, Qureshi T, Qadri Q, Shah ZA. Influence of single gene variants of FOXP3 on allergic asthma predisposition. Gene 2020; 763:145073. [PMID: 32827684 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of FoxP3, a master regulator of T regulatory cells, in allergic diseases such as asthma is of immense importance yet the effect of its gene variants on the disease predisposition is not fully understood. We studied the association of FoxP3 polymorphisms (-2383C/T and -3279C/A) in allergic asthma patients and their correlation with serum IL-4, IL-13, Total IgE, and Vitamin D levels. METHODS In this study 350 individuals were enrolled, 150 allergic asthma patients and 200 healthy controls. SNP analyses were performed by RFLP. IL-4, IL-13 vitamin D and Total IgE were measured by ELISA. RESULTS The AA homozygous mutant of -3279C/A posed a three-fold risk [P < 0.005; OR, 3.52] whereas the -2383C/T variants TT genotype carried a fourfold risk [P = 0.002; OR, 4.04]. Haplotype analysis exhibited predisposition to allergic asthmawith CC/TT [P = 0.01; OR 5.93 (95%CI)], AA/CC [P = 0.01; OR 3.29] and AA/TT haplotypes [P = 0; OR 11.86 (1.31-85.87)]. A negative correlation between IgE and Vitamin D was found [r = -0.30p-value 0.001] but a negative correlation betweenIgE and Vit D was established in the haplotype CC/TT [r = -0.45P = 0.002] and CC/CT [r = -0.52P = 0.04]. In allergic patients, the eosinophils count was high [p = 0.003] and the mean levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-13 were elevated [P < 0.001] as well. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests SNP -3279 -AA genotype and, -2383-TT genotype in association with certain haplotypes pose a risk for allergy development. There was no correlation between different genotypes and serum levels of various cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afaq H Beigh
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Immunology, and Molecular Medicine Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Roohi Rasool
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Immunology, and Molecular Medicine Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India.
| | - Mahak Masoodi
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Immunology, and Molecular Medicine Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Taha Qureshi
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Immunology, and Molecular Medicine Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Qurteeba Qadri
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Immunology, and Molecular Medicine Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Zafar A Shah
- Allergy Clinic, Department of Immunology, and Molecular Medicine Sher I Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
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93
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Yang X, Guo Q, Feng T, Lu Q, Ge L, Pan J, Bi K, Qiao L, Tian L, Xie T, Yao C, Song G, Wang L. IL13Rα1 protects against rheumatoid arthritis by combating the apoptotic resistance of fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:184. [PMID: 32771038 PMCID: PMC7414989 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02270-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is closely related with the pathological progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) are known as its resistance against ER stress-induced apoptosis. Studies on overcoming such resistance would provide a novel treatment strategy for RA in a clinical setting. Methods IL13Rα1 expression was assessed in the synovial tissue by RT-qPCR, immunohistology, and Western blot. Gain or loss of functional analysis was applied to evaluate the biological roles of IL13Rα1 in RA FLSs. Cell viability and apoptosis were assessed by MTS, Western blot, and flow cytometry. The therapeutic effects of IL13Rα1 on the severity of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA-/1 mouse model were evaluated by scoring synovitis, hyperplasia, cartilage degradation, and bone destruction. Results IL13Rα1 expression was selectively downregulated when RA FLSs were stimulated by ER stress inducers. Functionally, IL13Rα1 overexpression could inhibit the viability, but induce the apoptosis of RA FLSs in the presence of ER stress inducers. Mechanistically, IL13Rα1 promotes cell apoptosis via transcriptionally activating trail expression. Besides, IL13Rα1 could interact and stabilize DR5 protein, thus forming a positive loop involving trail and DR5 to render RA FLSs more susceptible to apoptosis. Additionally, intraarticular injection of IL13Rα1 conferred therapeutic effects in CIA models and showed a limited degree of synovial proliferation and joint destruction. Conclusions Together, our data establishes a regulatory role for IL13Rα1 to combat the apoptotic resistance of RA FLSs against ER stress. The inhibitory effects of IL13Rα1 on arthritis progression suggest the therapeutic potential in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Yang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingwei Guo
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tingting Feng
- Department of Pathology, Shandong University Medical School, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Lu
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Jinan, 250062, China.,School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Luna Ge
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Jihong Pan
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Kehong Bi
- Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Li Qiao
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Tian
- Department of Joint Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tianhua Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chengfang Yao
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China
| | - Guanhua Song
- Institute of Basic Medicine, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, China.
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Autoimmunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Key Lab for Biotech-Drugs of National Health Commission, Key Lab for Rare & Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Jinan, 250062, China.
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Garrido-Trigo A, Salas A. Molecular Structure and Function of Janus Kinases: Implications for the Development of Inhibitors. J Crohns Colitis 2020; 14:S713-S724. [PMID: 32083640 PMCID: PMC7395311 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjz206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines can trigger multiple signalling pathways, including Janus tyrosine kinases [JAK] and signal transducers and activators of transcription [STATS] pathways. JAKs are cytoplasmic proteins that, following the binding of cytokines to their receptors, transduce the signal by phosphorylating STAT proteins which enter the nuclei and rapidly target gene promoters to regulate gene transcription. Due to the critical involvement of JAK proteins in mediating innate and adaptive immune responses, these family of kinases have become desirable pharmacological targets in inflammatory diseases, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In this review we provide an overview of the main cytokines that signal through the JAK/STAT pathway and the available in vivo evidence on mutant or deleted JAK proteins, and discuss the implications of pharmacologically targeting this kinase family in the context of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Garrido-Trigo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer [IDIBAPS] – CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Azucena Salas
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer [IDIBAPS] – CIBEREHD, Barcelona, Spain,Corresponding author: Azucena Salas, PhD, Inflammatory Bowel Disease Unit, Department of Gastroenterology, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer [IDIBAPS] – CIBEREHD, Rosselló 149-153, Barcelona 08036, Spain.
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Kahremany S, Hofmann L, Gruzman A, Cohen G. Advances in Understanding the Initial Steps of Pruritoceptive Itch: How the Itch Hits the Switch. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144883. [PMID: 32664385 PMCID: PMC7402353 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pruritoceptive (dermal) itch was long considered an accompanying symptom of diseases, a side effect of drug applications, or a temporary sensation induced by invading pruritogens, as produced by the stinging nettle. Due to extensive research in recent years, it was possible to provide detailed insights into the mechanism of itch mediation and modulation. Hence, it became apparent that pruritus is a complex symptom or disease in itself, which requires particular attention to improve patients’ health. Here, we summarize recent findings in pruritoceptive itch, including how this sensation is triggered and modulated by diverse endogenous and exogenous pruritogens and their receptors. A differentiation between mediating pruritogen and modulating pruritogen seems to be of great advantage to understand and decipher the molecular mechanism of itch perception. Only a comprehensive view on itch sensation will provide a solid basis for targeting this long-neglected adverse sensation accompanying numerous diseases and many drug side effects. Finally, we identify critical aspects of itch perception that require future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Kahremany
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lukas Hofmann
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Arie Gruzman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Exact Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel; (L.H.); (A.G.)
| | - Guy Cohen
- The Skin Research Institute, The Dead Sea and Arava Science Center, Masada 86910, Israel;
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Eilat Campus, Eilat 8855630, Israel
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96
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Vitamin D regulates claudin-2 and claudin-4 expression in active ulcerative colitis by p-Stat-6 and Smad-7 signaling. Int J Colorectal Dis 2020; 35:1231-1242. [PMID: 32314188 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-020-03576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The tight junctions (TJ) responsible for the integrity of the intestinal barrier are altered in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but the physiopathological mechanisms that lead to this alteration are not yet clear. The aim of this study was to determine whether vitamin D, which regulates the integrity of the epithelial barrier by expressing TJ proteins, reduces claudin-2 (Cl-2) levels by inhibiting Stat-6 phosphorylation and whether it increases claudin-4 (Cl-4) levels by blocking Smad-7 activity. METHODS Biopsies were obtained from inflamed and non-inflamed tracts of the right side colon (caecum or ascending colon) from the same patient with active UC. All the patients were affected by a recent flare-up of ulcerative rectocolitis (RCU), with no previous biologic or immunosuppressive therapy, and all the biopsies were obtained before any treatments. The biopsies were cultured in the presence or not of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3). We also used T84 cells as an in vitro model to perform transfection experiments with Stat-6 and Smad-7. RESULTS Our results indicate that 1,25(OH)2D3 is able to regulate CL-2 and CL-4 protein levels, which are increased and reduced in the intestinal mucosa of UC patients, respectively. In the biopsies obtained from UC patients 1,25(OH)2D3 reduces Cl-2 levels by blocking Stat-6 phosphorylation and increases Cl-4 levels by blocking Smad-7 activity. T84 cells, transfected with siRNA of Stat-6 and Smad-7, showed reduced Cl-2 levels and increased Cl-4 levels, confirming that 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates Cl-2 and Cl-4 by decreasing p-Stat-6 and Smad-7 levels. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that the effects of vitamin D on Cl-2 and Cl-4 are mediated by p-Stat-6 and Smad-7 signal, respectively. The study suggests that vitamin D administration to UC patients could be a useful therapeutic intervention, given that vitamin D deficiency is found in these patients.
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97
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Ray A, Camiolo M, Fitzpatrick A, Gauthier M, Wenzel SE. Are We Meeting the Promise of Endotypes and Precision Medicine in Asthma? Physiol Rev 2020; 100:983-1017. [PMID: 31917651 PMCID: PMC7474260 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00023.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
While the term asthma has long been known to describe heterogeneous groupings of patients, only recently have data evolved which enable a molecular understanding of the clinical differences. The evolution of transcriptomics (and other 'omics platforms) and improved statistical analyses in combination with large clinical cohorts opened the door for molecular characterization of pathobiologic processes associated with a range of asthma patients. When linked with data from animal models and clinical trials of targeted biologic therapies, emerging distinctions arose between patients with and without elevations in type 2 immune and inflammatory pathways, leading to the confirmation of a broad categorization of type 2-Hi asthma. Differences in the ratios, sources, and location of type 2 cytokines and their relation to additional immune pathway activation appear to distinguish several different (sub)molecular phenotypes, and perhaps endotypes of type 2-Hi asthma, which respond differently to broad and targeted anti-inflammatory therapies. Asthma in the absence of type 2 inflammation is much less well defined, without clear biomarkers, but is generally linked with poor responses to corticosteroids. Integration of "big data" from large cohorts, over time, using machine learning approaches, combined with validation and iterative learning in animal (and human) model systems is needed to identify the biomarkers and tightly defined molecular phenotypes/endotypes required to fulfill the promise of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ray
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Matthew Camiolo
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Anne Fitzpatrick
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Marc Gauthier
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Sally E Wenzel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Pulmonary Allergy Critical Care Medicine, Departments of Medicine and of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; and Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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98
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Trüb M, Uhlenbrock F, Claus C, Herzig P, Thelen M, Karanikas V, Bacac M, Amann M, Albrecht R, Ferrara-Koller C, Thommen D, Rothschield S, Savic Prince S, Mertz KD, Cathomas G, Rosenberg R, Heinzelmann-Schwarz V, Wiese M, Lardinois D, Umana P, Klein C, Laubli H, Kashyap AS, Zippelius A. Fibroblast activation protein-targeted-4-1BB ligand agonist amplifies effector functions of intratumoral T cells in human cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000238. [PMID: 32616554 PMCID: PMC7333869 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The costimulatory receptor 4-1BB (CD137, TNFRSF9) plays an important role in sustaining effective T cell immune responses and is investigated as target for cancer therapy. Systemic 4-1BB directed therapies elicit toxicity or low efficacy, which significantly hampered advancement of 4-1BB-based immunotherapy. Therefore, targeted delivery of 4-1BB agonist to the tumor side is needed for eliciting antitumor efficacy while avoiding systemic toxicity. METHODS We analyzed the immunostimulatory properties of a fibroblast activation protein (FAP)-targeted 4-1BB agonist (FAP-4-1BBL) by assessing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes' (TIL) activity from patients with non-small cell lung cancer and epithelial ovarian cancer. RESULTS Combination treatment with FAP-4-1BBL and T cell receptor stimulation by either anti-CD3 or T cell bispecific antibodies significantly enhanced TIL activation and effector functions, including T cell proliferation, secretion of proinflammatory cytokines and cytotoxicity. Notably, costimulation with FAP-4-1BBL led to de novo secretion of interleukin (IL)-13. This was associated with cytokine-mediated tumor cell apoptosis, which was partially dependent on IL-13 alpha 1/2 receptors and STAT6 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides mechanistic insights into T cell stimulation induced by FAP-4-1BBL in primary human tumors and supports the investigation of FAP-4-1BBL compound in early clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Trüb
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franziska Uhlenbrock
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Petra Herzig
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Thelen
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Marina Bacac
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | - Maria Amann
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Daniela Thommen
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Kirsten D Mertz
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Basel-Landschaft, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Gieri Cathomas
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Basel-Landschaft, Liestal, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rosenberg
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Basel-Landschaft, Liestal, Switzerland
| | | | - Mark Wiese
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Didier Lardinois
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Umana
- Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Heinz Laubli
- Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Abhishek S Kashyap
- Laboratory of Cancer Immunology, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Solun B, Shoenfeld Y. Inhibition of metalloproteinases in therapy for severe lung injury due to COVID-19. MEDICINE IN DRUG DISCOVERY 2020; 7:100052. [PMID: 32537610 PMCID: PMC7273161 DOI: 10.1016/j.medidd.2020.100052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its first appearance in December 2019 in the Chinese province of Wuhan, COVID-19 has spread rapidly throughout the world and poses a serious threat to public health. Acute respiratory failure due to widespread lung inflammation progress to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with an altered pulmonary and alveolar function that can lead to disability, prolong hospitalizations, and adverse outcomes. While there is no specific treatment for severe acute lung injury (ALI) and ARDS due to the COVID-19 and the management is mostly supportive, it is very important to better understand the pathophysiological processes activated by the inflammatory mediators such as cytokines and metalloproteinases with the aim of their subsequent inhibition in the course of the complex treatment. Herein, we will discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms of ALI/ARDS, with a focus on the pivotal role played by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and the kinin-kallikrein system (KKS), and the effects of the possible pharmacological interventions. Aprotinin is a nonspecific protease inhibitor especially of trypsin, chymotrypsin, plasmin, and kallikrein, and it is many years in clinical use. Aprotinin inhibits the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and involved in the process of glycoprotein homeostasis. Experimental data support that the use of aprotinin to inhibit MMPs and KKS may be a new potential approach to the treatment of ALI / ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solun
- Department of Internal Medicine D, Hasharon Hospital, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, affiliated to Tel-Aviv University, Israel Laboratory of the Mosaics of Autoimmunity, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of, the Russian Federation
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Fang J, Liu R, Chen S, Liu Q, Cai H, Lin Y, Chen Z, Chen Z. Tuning the immune reaction to manipulate the cell-mediated degradation of a collagen barrier membrane. Acta Biomater 2020; 109:95-108. [PMID: 32268238 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In order to elicit a desired barrier function in guided bone regeneration (GBR) or guided tissue regeneration (GTR), a barrier membrane has to maintain its integrity for a certain period of time to guarantee the regeneration of target tissue. Due to the complexity and variety of clinical conditions, the healing time required for tissue regeneration varies from one case to another, which implies the need for tailoring the barrier membranes to diverse conditions via manipulating their degradation property. As a "non-self" biomaterial, a barrier membrane will inevitably trigger host-membrane immune response after implantation, which entails the activation of phagocytic cells. In the degradation process of a barrier membrane, the cell-mediated degradation may play a more vital role than enzymatic and physicochemical dissolution; however, limited studies have been carried out on this topic. In this context, we investigated the cell-mediated degradation and illustrated the possible key cells and mediators for immunomodulation via in vivo and in vitro studies. We discovered that IL-13, a key cytokine mainly released by T helper 2 cells (Th2), induced the formation of foreign body giant cells (FBGCs), thus resulting in membrane degradation. Neutralizing IL-13 could suppress membrane degradation and formation of FBGC. The contributions of this study are (1) unveiling the immune mechanisms underlying the cell-mediated collagen membrane degradation; (2) allowing the formation of an "immunodegradation" strategy to develop an "immune-smart" barrier membrane to manipulate its degradation; (3) providing the key regulatory immune cells and cytokines for the immunomodulation target in collagen membrane degradation. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The significance of this research includes.
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