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Abiotic and Herbivory Combined Stress in Tomato: Additive, Synergic and Antagonistic Effects and Within-Plant Phenotypic Plasticity. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111804. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Drought, N deficiency and herbivory are considered the most important stressors caused by climate change in the agro- and eco-systems and varied in space and time shaping highly dynamic and heterogeneous stressful environments. This study aims to evaluate the tomato morpho-physiological and metabolic responses to combined abiotic and herbivory at different within-plant spatial levels and temporal scales. Methods: Leaf-level morphological, gas exchange traits and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) profiles were measured in tomato plants exposed to N deficiency and drought, Tuta absoluta larvae and their combination. Additive, synergistic or antagonistic effects of the single stress when combined were also evaluated. Morpho-physiological traits and VOCs profile were also measured on leaves located at three different positions along the shoot axes. Results: The combination of the abiotic and biotic stress has been more harmful than single stress with antagonistic and synergistic but non-additive effects for the morpho-physiological and VOCs tomato responses, respectively. Combined stress also determined a high within-plant phenotypic plasticity of the morpho-physiological responses. Conclusions: These results suggested that the combined stress in tomato determined a “new stress state” and a higher within-plant phenotypic plasticity which could permit an efficient use of the growth and defense resources in the heterogeneous and multiple stressful environmental conditions.
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Parasyri A, Barth O, Zschiesche W, Humbeck K. The Barley Heavy Metal Associated Isoprenylated Plant Protein HvFP1 Is Involved in a Crosstalk between the Leaf Development and Abscisic Acid-Related Drought Stress Responses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2851. [PMID: 36365303 PMCID: PMC9657915 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The heavy metal associated isoprenylated plant proteins (HIPPs) are characterized by at least one heavy metal associated (HMA) domain and a C-terminal isoprenylation motif. Hordeum vulgare farnesylated protein 1 (HvFP1), a barley HIPP, is upregulated during drought stress, in response to abscisic acid (ABA) and during leaf senescence. To investigate the role of HvFP1, two independent gain-of-function lines were generated. In a physiological level, the overexpression of HvFP1 results in the delay of normal leaf senescence, but not in the delay of rapid, drought-induced leaf senescence. In addition, the overexpression of HvFP1 suppresses the induction of the ABA-related genes during drought and senescence, e.g., HvNCED, HvS40, HvDhn1. Even though HvFP1 is induced during drought, senescence and the ABA treatment, its overexpression suppresses the ABA regulated genes. This indicates that HvFP1 is acting in a negative feedback loop connected to the ABA signaling. The genome-wide transcriptomic analysis via RNA sequencing revealed that the gain-of-function of HvFP1 positively alters the expression of the genes related to leaf development, photomorphogenesis, photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis. Interestingly, many of those genes encode proteins with zinc binding domains, implying that HvFP1 may act as zinc supplier via its HMA domain. The results show that HvFP1 is involved in a crosstalk between stress responses and growth control pathways.
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Jo Y, Jung DR, Park TH, Lee D, Park MK, Lim K, Shin JH. Changes in Microbial Community Structure in Response to Gummosis in Peach Tree Bark. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2834. [PMID: 36365287 PMCID: PMC9657254 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Peach gummosis disease has been identified as a serious challenge in Korean agriculture and has developed to become a major cause of agricultural productivity losses. However, treatments for gummosis have not been systemically established and studies of the microbiome closely related to this plant disease are lacking. Therefore, we analyzed the bacterial and fungal communities in the bark and rhizosphere soil of healthy peach trees and those with gummosis. Through high-throughput sequencing, we obtained unprecedented insights into the bacterial and fungal dynamics of each group, including their diversity and taxonomic classification, as well as network analyses. We found that the presence of gummosis drives a significantly higher alpha diversity in the bark bacterial community. Peach gummosis bark mycobiomes included greater numbers of opportunistic pathogens such as Ascochyta, Botryosphaeria, Saccharomyces, Nectriaceae_NA, Trametes, and Valsaceae_NA. However, the microbiome also included bacteria beneficial to plant growth and the production of polysaccharides-namely, 1174-901-12, Catenibacterium, Cutibacterium, Friedmanniella, Methylobacterium-Methylorubrum, Pseudomonas, Rhodobacter, and Sphingomonas. Furthermore, we confirmed that gummosis induced a more complex structure in the bark microbiome network. We conclude that the findings of this study provide a valuable aid in profiling the overall peach tree microbial ecosystem, which can be utilized to develop precise biomarkers for the early diagnosis of gummosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJae Jo
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Da-Ryung Jung
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Park
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Dokyung Lee
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Min-Kyu Park
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Kyeongmo Lim
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Shin
- Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- NGS Core Facility, Kyungpook National University, Daehak-ro 80, Daegu 41566, Korea
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Kopczewski T, Kuźniak E, Ciereszko I, Kornaś A. Alterations in Primary Carbon Metabolism in Cucumber Infected with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans: Local and Systemic Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012418. [PMID: 36293272 PMCID: PMC9603868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The reconfiguration of the primary metabolism is essential in plant–pathogen interactions. We compared the local metabolic responses of cucumber leaves inoculated with Pseudomonas syringae pv lachrymans (Psl) with those in non-inoculated systemic leaves, by examining the changes in the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides pools, the concentration of soluble carbohydrates and activities/gene expression of carbohydrate metabolism-related enzymes, the expression of photosynthesis-related genes, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle-linked metabolite contents and enzyme activities. In the infected leaves, Psl induced a metabolic signature with an altered [NAD(P)H]/[NAD(P)+] ratio; decreased glucose and sucrose contents, along with a changed invertase gene expression; and increased glucose turnover and accumulation of raffinose, trehalose, and myo-inositol. The accumulation of oxaloacetic and malic acids, enhanced activities, and gene expression of fumarase and l-malate dehydrogenase, as well as the increased respiration rate in the infected leaves, indicated that Psl induced the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The changes in gene expression of ribulose-l,5-bis-phosphate carboxylase/oxygenase large unit, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and chloroplast glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were compatible with a net photosynthesis decline described earlier. Psl triggered metabolic changes common to the infected and non-infected leaves, the dynamics of which differed quantitatively (e.g., malic acid content and metabolism, glucose-6-phosphate accumulation, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity) and those specifically related to the local or systemic response (e.g., changes in the sugar content and turnover). Therefore, metabolic changes in the systemic leaves may be part of the global effects of local infection on the whole-plant metabolism and also represent a specific acclimation response contributing to balancing growth and defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kopczewski
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Kuźniak
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-237 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Iwona Ciereszko
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bialystok, 15-245 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kornaś
- Institute of Biology, Pedagogical University of Krakow, 30-084 Kraków, Poland
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Identification and molecular evolution of the La and LARP genes in 16 plant species: A focus on the Gossypium hirsutum. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 224:1101-1117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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56
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Chan C. Progress in Salicylic Acid-Dependent Signaling for Growth–Defense Trade-Off. Cells 2022; 11:cells11192985. [PMID: 36230947 PMCID: PMC9563428 DOI: 10.3390/cells11192985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One grand challenge for studying plant biotic and abiotic stress responses is to optimize plant growth and plasticity under variable environmental constraints, which in the long run benefits agricultural production. However, efforts in promoting plant immunity are often accompanied by compromised morphological “syndromes” such as growth retardation, sterility, and reduced yield. Such a trade-off is dictated by complex signaling driven by secondary messengers and phytohormones. Salicylic acid (SA) is a well-known phytohormone essential for basal immunity and systemic acquired resistance. Interestingly, recent updates suggest that external environmental cues, nutrient status, developmental stages, primary metabolism, and breeding strategies attribute an additional layer of control over SA-dependent signaling, and, hence, plant performance against pathogens. In this review, these external and internal factors are summarized, focusing on their specific roles on SA biosynthesis and downstream signaling leading to immunity. A few considerations and future opportunities are highlighted to improve plant fitness with minimal growth compensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Chan
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei 11677, Taiwan
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57
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Gao Y, Wang X, Liu X, Liang Z. Hormone biosynthesis and metabolism members of 2OGD superfamily are involved in berry development and respond to MeJA and ABA treatment of Vitis vinifera L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:427. [PMID: 36064347 PMCID: PMC9446723 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hormones play an indispensable role during fruit ripening, nine clades in 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2OGD) superfamily are responsible for the hormone biosynthesis and metabolism, but less information is known about them. RESULTS A total of 163 Vv2OGD superfamily members were identified from grape genome, which were mainly expanded by local (tandem and proximal) duplication. Phylogenetic analysis of 2OGD members in grape and Arabidopsis indicates 37 members in Vv2OGD superfamily are related to hormone biosynthesis and metabolism process (Vv2OGD-H), which could be divided into 9 clades, gibberellin (GA) 3-oxidase (GA3ox), GA 20-oxidase (GA20ox), carbon-19 GA 2-oxidase (C19-GA2ox), carbon-20 GA 2-oxidase (C20-GA2ox), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), dioxygenase for auxin oxidation (DAO), lateral branching oxidoreductas (LBO), downy mildew resistant 6 and DMR6-like oxygenase (DMR6/DLO) and jasmonate-induced oxygenase (JOX). Sixteen of these 37 Vv2OGD-Hs are expressed in grape berry, in which the expression patterns of VvGA2oxs, VvDAOs and VvJOXs shows a correlation with the change patterns of GAs, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and jasmonates (JAs), indicating the involvement of these genes in grape berry development by regulating corresponding hormones. Twelve Vv2OGD-Hs respond to methyl JA (MeJA) treatment, of which eight may lead to the inhibition of the ripening process by the crosstalk of JAs-salicylic acids (SAs), JAs-GAs and JAs-JAs, while seven Vv2OGD-Hs respond to ABA treatment may be responsible for the promotion of ripening process by the interplay of abscisic acid (ABA)-strigolactones (SLs), ABA-SAs, ABA-GAs, ABA-JAs. Especially, VvLBO1 reach an expression peak near véraison and up-regulate about four times after ABA treatment, which implies SLs and ABA-SLs crosstalk may be related to the onset of berry ripening in grape. CONCLUSIONS This study provides valuable clues and new insights for the mechanism research of Vv2OGD-Hs in hormones regulation during the grape berry development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xianju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Zhenchang Liang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Grape Science and Enology, CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
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58
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Salvi P, Mahawar H, Agarrwal R, Kajal, Gautam V, Deshmukh R. Advancement in the molecular perspective of plant-endophytic interaction to mitigate drought stress in plants. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:981355. [PMID: 36118190 PMCID: PMC9478035 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.981355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Change in global climate has started to show its effect in the form of extremes of temperatures and water scarcity which is bound to impact adversely the global food security in near future. In the current review we discuss the impact of drought on plants and highlight the ability of endophytes, microbes that inhabit the plants asymptomatically, to confer stress tolerance to their host. For this we first describe the symbiotic association between plant and the endophytes and then focus on the molecular and physiological strategies/mechanisms adopted by these endophytes to confer stress tolerance. These include root alteration, osmotic adjustment, ROS scavenging, detoxification, production of phytohormones, and promoting plant growth under adverse conditions. The review further elaborates on how omics-based techniques have advanced our understanding of molecular basis of endophyte mediated drought tolerance of host plant. Detailed analysis of whole genome sequences of endophytes followed by comparative genomics facilitates in identification of genes involved in endophyte-host interaction while functional genomics further unveils the microbial targets that can be exploited for enhancing the stress tolerance of the host. Thus, an amalgamation of endophytes with other sustainable agricultural practices seems to be an appeasing approach to produce climate-resilient crops.
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59
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Effects of Phloem-Feeding Pest, Dalbulus maidis on Morphological Expression of Drought-Tolerant Traits in Maize. STRESSES 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/stresses2030023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drought is amongst the most important stressors affecting maize production globally. Existing strategies to offset drought impacts are centered around the rapid development of drought-tolerant cultivars through plant breeding. However, under both current conditions and projected climate changes, additional stressors such as insect pests will co-occur. To determine the impact of combined insect and drought stress on drought tolerance in maize, we assessed the effects of Dalbulus maidis, drought, and both stresses combined in drought-tolerant maize hybrids. We measured several maize morphological growth traits (i.e., plant height, stem diameter, shoot weight, root weight, root length, and root-to-shoot ratio) at the end of a 28-day period of pulse-stress and no-stress control exposure. We found that seedling growth declined when both stressors co-occurred. Nevertheless, drought-tolerant maize hybrids remained strongly tolerant to drought regardless of D. maidis infestation. While our results showed that drought tolerance is maintained in drought-tolerant maize seedlings, future studies should address any effects on maize yield. Our study highlights the importance of testing the combined effects of drought and insect stressors to better predict insect–plant interactions in the context of plant breeding for drought-tolerant traits in a changing climate.
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60
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Vázquez‐González C, Pombo‐Salinas L, Martín‐Cacheda L, Rasmann S, Röder G, Abdala‐Roberts L, Mooney KA, Moreira X. Effect of water availability on volatile‐mediated communication between potato plants in response to insect herbivory. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carla Vázquez‐González
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California‐Irvine California USA
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Laura Pombo‐Salinas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Lucía Martín‐Cacheda
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile‐Argand 11 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Gregory Röder
- Institute of Biology University of Neuchâtel, Rue Emile‐Argand 11 Neuchâtel Switzerland
| | - Luis Abdala‐Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Apartado Postal 4‐116, Itzimná. 97000. Mérida Yucatán México
| | - Kailen A. Mooney
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California‐Irvine California USA
| | - Xoaquín Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia (MBG‐CSIC), Apartado de correos 28, 36080 Pontevedra Galicia Spain
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61
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Son S, Im JH, Song G, Nam S, Park SR. OsWRKY114 Inhibits ABA-Induced Susceptibility to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158825. [PMID: 35955958 PMCID: PMC9369203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant growth, development, and stress responses. ABA suppresses innate immunity to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) in rice (Oryza sativa), but the identity of the underlying regulator is unknown. In this study, we revealed that OsWRKY114 is involved in the ABA response during Xoo infection. ABA-induced susceptibility to Xoo was reduced in OsWRKY114-overexpressing rice plants. OsWRKY114 attenuated the negative effect of ABA on salicylic acid-dependent immunity. Furthermore, OsWRKY114 decreased the transcript levels of ABA-associated genes involved in ABA response and biosynthesis. Moreover, the endogenous ABA level was lower in OsWRKY114-overexpressing plants than in the wild-type plants after Xoo inoculation. Taken together, our results suggest that OsWRKY114 is a negative regulator of ABA that confers susceptibility to Xoo in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Son
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Im
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Department of Horticulture, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Giha Song
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Suhyeon Nam
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
- Department of Crop Science & Biotechnology, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea
| | - Sang Ryeol Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju 54874, Korea
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Ghate T, Soneji K, Barvkar V, Ramakrishnan P, Prusty D, Islam SR, Manna SK, Srivastava AK. Thiourea mediated ROS-metabolites reprogramming restores root system architecture under arsenic stress in rice. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 435:129020. [PMID: 35650738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a ubiquitous carcinogenic metalloid that enters into human food chain, through rice consumption. To unravel the conundrum of oxidative vs. reductive stress, the differential root-system architecture (RSA) was studied under As (a ROS producer) and thiourea (TU; a ROS scavenger) alone treatments, which indicated 0.80- and 0.74-fold reduction in the number of lateral roots (NLR), respectively compared with those of control. In case of As+TU treatment, NLR was increased by 4.35-fold compared with those of As-stress, which coincided with partial restoration of redox-status and auxin transport towards the root-tip. The expression levels of 16 ROS related genes, including RBOHC, UPB-1 C, SHR1, PUCHI, were quantified which provided the molecular fingerprint, in accordance with endogenous ROS signature. LC-MS based untargeted and targeted metabolomics data revealed that As-induced oxidative stress was metabolically more challenging than TU alone-induced reductive stress. Cis/trans-ferruloyl putrescine and γ-glutamyl leucine were identified as novel As-responsive metabolites whose levels were decreased and increased, respectively under As+TU than As-treated roots. In addition, the overall amino acid accumulation was increased in As+TU than As-treated roots, indicating the improved nutritional availability. Thus, the study revealed dynamic interplay between "ROS-metabolites-RSA", to the broader context of TU-mediated amelioration of As-stress in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejashree Ghate
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India; School of Biological sciencesUM-DAE Center for Excellence in Basic Sciences, University of Mumbai, Vidyanagari 400098, Mumbai
| | - Kanchan Soneji
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India; Division of crop production, ICAR- Indian Institute of Soybean Research, Khandwa Road, Indore 452001, (M.P), India
| | - Vitthal Barvkar
- Department of Botany, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India
| | - Padma Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, GKVK Post, Bengaluru 560065, India
| | - Debasish Prusty
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Sk Ramiz Islam
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Soumen Kanti Manna
- Biophysics & Structural Genomics Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India; Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India.
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63
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Tarchevsky IA, Egorova AM. Participation of Proline in Plant Adaptation to Stress Factors and Its Application in Agrobiotechnology (Review). APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822040160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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64
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Liebsch D, Juvany M, Li Z, Wang HL, Ziolkowska A, Chrobok D, Boussardon C, Wen X, Law SR, Janečková H, Brouwer B, Lindén P, Delhomme N, Stenlund H, Moritz T, Gardeström P, Guo H, Keech O. Metabolic control of arginine and ornithine levels paces the progression of leaf senescence. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:1943-1960. [PMID: 35604104 PMCID: PMC9342962 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence can be induced by stress or aging, sometimes in a synergistic manner. It is generally acknowledged that the ability to withstand senescence-inducing conditions can provide plants with stress resilience. Although the signaling and transcriptional networks responsible for a delayed senescence phenotype, often referred to as a functional stay-green trait, have been actively investigated, very little is known about the subsequent metabolic adjustments conferring this aptitude to survival. First, using the individually darkened leaf (IDL) experimental setup, we compared IDLs of wild-type (WT) Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) to several stay-green contexts, that is IDLs of two functional stay-green mutant lines, oresara1-2 (ore1-2) and an allele of phytochrome-interacting factor 5 (pif5), as well as to leaves from a WT plant entirely darkened (DP). We provide compelling evidence that arginine and ornithine, which accumulate in all stay-green contexts-likely due to the lack of induction of amino acids (AAs) transport-can delay the progression of senescence by fueling the Krebs cycle or the production of polyamines (PAs). Secondly, we show that the conversion of putrescine to spermidine (SPD) is controlled in an age-dependent manner. Thirdly, we demonstrate that SPD represses senescence via interference with ethylene signaling by stabilizing the ETHYLENE BINDING FACTOR1 and 2 (EBF1/2) complex. Taken together, our results identify arginine and ornithine as central metabolites influencing the stress- and age-dependent progression of leaf senescence. We propose that the regulatory loop between the pace of the AA export and the progression of leaf senescence provides the plant with a mechanism to fine-tune the induction of cell death in leaves, which, if triggered unnecessarily, can impede nutrient remobilization and thus plant growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Liebsch
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Marta Juvany
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Zhonghai Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hou-Ling Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Agnieszka Ziolkowska
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Daria Chrobok
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Clément Boussardon
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Xing Wen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Simon R Law
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Helena Janečková
- Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Bastiaan Brouwer
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Lindén
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Delhomme
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hans Stenlund
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, S-901 83 Umeå, Sweden
- Novo Nordisk Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, D-2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Per Gardeström
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Department of Biology, Institute of Plant and Food Science, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Olivier Keech
- Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Plant Physiology, Umeå University, S-90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Nakano M, Omae N, Tsuda K. Inter-organismal phytohormone networks in plant-microbe interactions. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 68:102258. [PMID: 35820321 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2022.102258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are produced by plants and play central roles in interactions with pathogenic and beneficial microbes as well as plant growth and development. Each phytohormone pathway consists of its biosynthesis, transport, perception, and signaling and is intertwined with each other at various levels to form phytohormone networks in plants. Different kinds of microbes also produce phytohormones that exert physiological roles within microbes and manipulate phytohormone networks in plants by using phytohormones, their mimics, and proteinaceous effectors. In turn, plant-derived phytohormones can directly or indirectly through plant signaling networks affect microbial metabolism and community assembly. Therefore, phytohormone networks in plants and microbes are connected through plant and microbial phytohormones and other molecules to form inter-organismal phytohormone networks. In this review, we summarize recent progress on molecular mechanisms of inter-organismal phytohormone networks and discuss future steps necessary for advancing our understanding of phytohormone networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Nakano
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Natsuki Omae
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China.
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66
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Samaradivakara SP, Chen H, Lu Y, Li P, Kim Y, Tsuda K, Mine A, Day B. Overexpression of NDR1 leads to pathogen resistance at elevated temperatures. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:1146-1162. [PMID: 35488494 PMCID: PMC9321970 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic and biotic environments influence a myriad of plant-related processes, including growth, development, and the establishment and maintenance of interaction(s) with microbes. In the case of the latter, elevated temperature has been shown to be a key factor that underpins host resistance and pathogen virulence. In this study, we elucidate a role for Arabidopsis NON-RACE-SPECIFIC DISEASE RESISTANCE1 (NDR1) by exploiting effector-triggered immunity to define the regulation of plant host immunity in response to both pathogen infection and elevated temperature. We generated time-series RNA sequencing data of WT Col-0, an NDR1 overexpression line, and ndr1 and ics1-2 mutant plants under elevated temperature. Not surprisingly, the NDR1-overexpression line showed genotype-specific gene expression changes related to defense response and immune system function. The results described herein support a role for NDR1 in maintaining cell signaling during simultaneous exposure to elevated temperature and avirulent pathogen stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saroopa P. Samaradivakara
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Huan Chen
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genome SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Plant SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Yi‐Ju Lu
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Institute of BiochemistryNational Chung Hsing UniversityTaichung402Taiwan
| | - Pai Li
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Department of Plant BiologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Yongsig Kim
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural MicrobiologyHubei Hongshan LaboratoryHubei Key Lab of Plant PathologyCollege of Plant Science and TechnologyHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and HealthHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China
- Shenzhen BranchGuangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen518120China
| | - Akira Mine
- Laboratory of Plant PathologyGraduate School of AgricultureKyoto UniversityKyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Brad Day
- Department of Plant, Soil and Microbial SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Plant Resilience InstituteMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Graduate Program in Genetics and Genome SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular Plant SciencesMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI48824USA
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67
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Interplay between phytohormone signalling pathways in plant defence - other than salicylic acid and jasmonic acid. Essays Biochem 2022; 66:657-671. [PMID: 35848080 PMCID: PMC9528083 DOI: 10.1042/ebc20210089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Phytohormones are essential for all aspects of plant growth, development, and immunity; however, it is the interplay between phytohormones, as they dynamically change during these processes, that is key to this regulation. Hormones have traditionally been split into two groups: growth-promoting and stress-related. Here, we will discuss and show that all hormones play a role in plant defence, regardless of current designation. We highlight recent advances in our understanding of the complex phytohormone networks with less focus on archetypal immunity-related pathways and discuss protein and transcription factor signalling hubs that mediate hormone interplay.
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68
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Omae N, Tsuda K. Plant-Microbiota Interactions in Abiotic Stress Environments. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2022; 35:511-526. [PMID: 35322689 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-21-0281-fi] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress adversely affects cellular homeostasis and ultimately impairs plant growth, posing a serious threat to agriculture. Climate change modeling predicts increasing occurrences of abiotic stresses such as drought and extreme temperature, resulting in decreasing the yields of major crops such as rice, wheat, and maize, which endangers food security for human populations. Plants are associated with diverse and taxonomically structured microbial communities that are called the plant microbiota. Plant microbiota often assist plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance by providing water and nutrients to plants and modulating plant metabolism and physiology and, thus, offer the potential to increase crop production under abiotic stress. In this review, we summarize recent progress on how abiotic stress affects plants, microbiota, plant-microbe interactions, and microbe-microbe interactions, and how microbes affect plant metabolism and physiology under abiotic stress conditions, with a focus on drought, salt, and temperature stress. We also discuss important steps to utilize plant microbiota in agriculture under abiotic stress.[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Omae
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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69
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Jhu MY, Sinha NR. Parasitic Plants: An Overview of Mechanisms by Which Plants Perceive and Respond to Parasites. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 73:433-455. [PMID: 35363532 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-100635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to most autotrophic plants, which produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide using photosynthesis, parasitic plants obtain water and nutrients by parasitizing host plants. Many important crop plants are infested by these heterotrophic plants, leading to severe agricultural loss and reduced food security. Understanding how host plants perceive and resist parasitic plants provides insight into underlying defense mechanisms and the potential for agricultural applications. In this review, we offer a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of host perception of parasitic plants and the pre-attachment and post-attachment defense responses mounted by the host. Since most current research overlooks the role of organ specificity in resistance responses, we also summarize the current understanding and cases of cross-organ parasitism, which indicates nonconventional haustorial connections on other host organs, for example, when stem parasitic plants form haustoria on their host roots. Understanding how different tissue types respond to parasitic plants could provide the potential for developing a universal resistance mechanism in crops against both root and stem parasitic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yao Jhu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Neelima R Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, California, USA;
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70
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Hong Z, Li Y, Zhao Y, Yang M, Zhang X, Teng Y, Jing L, Kong D, Liu T, Li S, Meng F, Wang Q, Zhang L. Heterologous Expression of Arabidopsis AtARA6 in Soybean Enhances Salt Tolerance. Front Genet 2022; 13:849357. [PMID: 35646070 PMCID: PMC9134241 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.849357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Salt damage is an important abiotic stress affecting the agronomic traits of soybean. Soybeans rapidly sense and transmit adverse signals when salt-damaged, inducing a set of response mechanisms to resist salt stress. AtARA6 encodes a small GTPase, which plays an important role in Arabidopsis vesicle transport and salt tolerance. In this study, we transformed the Arabidopsis gene AtARA6 into the cultivated soybean Shen Nong 9 (SN9). To investigate the salt tolerance pathways affected by AtARA6 in soybean, we performed transcriptome sequencing using transgenic soybean and wild-type (SN9) under salt treatment and water treatment. Our results suggest that AtARA6 is involved in the regulation of soybean SNARE complexes in the vesicle transport pathway, which may directly strengthen salt tolerance. In addition, we comprehensively analyzed the RNA-seq data of transgenic soybean and SN9 under different treatments and obtained 935 DEGs. GO analysis showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in transcription factor activity, sequence-specific DNA binding, and the inositol catabolic process. Three salt-responsive negative regulator transcription factors, namely MYC2, WRKY6, and WRKY86, were found to be significantly downregulated after salt treatment in transgenic soybeans. Moreover, four genes encoding inositol oxygenase were significantly enriched in the inositol catabolic process pathway, which could improve the salt tolerance of transgenic soybeans by reducing their reactive oxygen species content. These are unique salt tolerance effects produced by transgenic soybeans. Our results provide basic insights into the function of AtARA6 in soybeans and its role in abiotic stress processes in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuhan Teng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Linjie Jing
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Danxun Kong
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Tongxin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Shuanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fanli Meng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in Chinese Ministry of Education, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Fanli Meng, ; Qi Wang, ; Ling Zhang,
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Crop Cultivation and Tillage, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, China
- *Correspondence: Fanli Meng, ; Qi Wang, ; Ling Zhang,
| | - Ling Zhang
- Agro-Biotechnology Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Fanli Meng, ; Qi Wang, ; Ling Zhang,
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71
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Xu N, Zhao Q, Zhang Z, Zhang Q, Wang Y, Qin G, Ke M, Qiu D, Peijnenburg WJGM, Lu T, Qian H. Phyllosphere Microorganisms: Sources, Drivers, and Their Interactions with Plant Hosts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4860-4870. [PMID: 35435673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The leaves of plants are colonized by various microorganisms. In comparison to the rhizosphere, less is known about the characteristics and ecological functions of phyllosphere microorganisms. Phyllosphere microorganisms mainly originate from soil, air, and seeds. The composition of phyllosphere microorganisms is mainly affected by ecological and abiotic factors. Phyllosphere microorganisms execute multiple ecological functions by influencing leaf functions and longevity, seed mass, fruit development, and homeostasis of host growth. A plant can respond to phyllosphere microorganisms by secondary metabolite secretion and its immune system. Meanwhile, phyllosphere microorganisms play an important role in ecological stability and environmental safety assessment. However, as a result of the instability of the phyllosphere environment and the poor cultivability of phyllosphere microorganisms in the current research, there are still many limitations, such as the lack of insight into the mechanisms of plant-microorganism interactions, the roles of phyllosphere microorganisms in plant growth processes, the responses of phyllosphere microorganisms to plant metabolites, etc. This review summarizes the latest progress made in the research of the phyllosphere in recent years. This is beneficial for deepening our understanding of phyllosphere microorganisms and promoting the research of plant-atmosphere interactions, plant pathogens, and plant biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuohan Xu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qianqiu Zhao
- Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Science, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenyan Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyan Qin
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingjing Ke
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Danyan Qiu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - W J G M Peijnenburg
- Institute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands
- National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Center for Safety of Substances and Products, Post Office Box 1, 3720 BA Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Tao Lu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Qian
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310032, People's Republic of China
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72
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Berrios L, Rentsch JD. Linking Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) to Abiotic and Biotic Feedbacks in Plant Microbiomes: The Dose Makes the Poison. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23084402. [PMID: 35457220 PMCID: PMC9030523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23084402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In nature, plants develop in complex, adaptive environments. Plants must therefore respond efficiently to environmental stressors to maintain homeostasis and enhance their fitness. Although many coordinated processes remain integral for achieving homeostasis and driving plant development, reactive oxygen species (ROS) function as critical, fast-acting orchestrators that link abiotic and biotic responses to plant homeostasis and development. In addition to the suite of enzymatic and non-enzymatic ROS processing pathways that plants possess, they also rely on their microbiota to buffer and maintain the oxidative window needed to balance anabolic and catabolic processes. Strong evidence has been communicated recently that links ROS regulation to the aggregated function(s) of commensal microbiota and plant-growth-promoting microbes. To date, many reports have put forth insightful syntheses that either detail ROS regulation across plant development (independent of plant microbiota) or examine abiotic–biotic feedbacks in plant microbiomes (independent of clear emphases on ROS regulation). Here we provide a novel synthesis that incorporates recent findings regarding ROS and plant development in the context of both microbiota regulation and plant-associated microbes. Specifically, we discuss various roles of ROS across plant development to strengthen the links between plant microbiome functioning and ROS regulation for both basic and applied research aims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Berrios
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeremy D. Rentsch
- Department of Biology, Francis Marion University, Florence, SC 29502, USA;
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73
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Tomato Defense against Whiteflies under Drought Stress: Non-Additive Effects and Cultivar-Specific Responses. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11081049. [PMID: 35448777 PMCID: PMC9030952 DOI: 10.3390/plants11081049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Two of the main causes of losses in tomato production are the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), and drought, which is becoming a central problem in agriculture due to global climate change. The separate effects of whitefly infestation and drought have been amply studied in many crop systems. However, less is known about their combined effects. To evaluate whether drought stress (DS) affects plant defense against whiteflies, we assessed the joint effects of whitefly infestation and DS on plant vegetative and reproductive performance in four tomato cultivars, and assessed the effects of DS on plant resistance and tolerance (compensatory ability) to whiteflies in a greenhouse experiment. Generally, we found negative effects of DS and whiteflies on plant performance, but the combined effects of DS and herbivory were not worse than those of either stress alone. In fact, plant performance under the combined effect of both stresses was usually similar to that in the presence of whiteflies without DS. Plants growing under DS had greater trichome density. However, plant resistance—as measured by whitefly population growth—decreased under DS in two cultivars and was unaffected in the other two. Compensatory ability decreased under DS in all but one cultivar. These cultivar-specific responses suggest genetic variation in resistance and tolerance to whiteflies and could be associated with differences in drought tolerance among cultivars. Our findings underscore the difficulty in predicting the combined effects of DS and herbivory and point to the need for a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying plant responses to both stresses at the molecular, cellular, and organismal levels.
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74
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Choudhary A, Senthil-Kumar M. Drought attenuates plant defence against bacterial pathogens by suppressing the expression of CBP60g/SARD1 during combined stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:1127-1145. [PMID: 35102557 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants are frequently exposed to drought and bacterial pathogens simultaneously. However, information on how the drought and defence pathways interact and orchestrate global transcriptional regulation is limited. Here, we show that moderate drought stress enhances the susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Using transcriptome meta-analysis, we found that drought and bacterial stress antagonistically modulate a large set of genes predominantly involved in salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) signalling networks. We identified that the levels of SA and ABA are dynamically regulated during the course of stress. Importantly, under combined stress, drought through the ABA pathway downregulates the induction of Calmodulin-binding Protein 60 g (CBP60g) and Systemic Acquired Resistance Deficient 1 (SARD1), two transcription factors crucial for SA production upon bacterial infection. We also identified an important role of NPR1-LIKE PROTEIN 3 and 4 (NPR3/4) transcriptional repressors in the drought-mediated negative regulation of CBP60g/SARD1 expression. Using a genetic approach, we show that CBP60g/SARD1 expression is the key determinant of plant defence against bacterial pathogens under combined stress. Thus, these transcription factors act as critical nodes for the crosstalk between drought and bacterial stress signalling under combined stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aanchal Choudhary
- National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, India
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75
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Val‐Torregrosa B, Bundó M, Martín‐Cardoso H, Bach‐Pages M, Chiou T, Flors V, Segundo BS. Phosphate-induced resistance to pathogen infection in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 110:452-469. [PMID: 35061924 PMCID: PMC9303409 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In nature, plants are concurrently exposed to a number of abiotic and biotic stresses. Our understanding of convergence points between responses to combined biotic/abiotic stress pathways remains, however, rudimentary. Here we show that MIR399 overexpression, loss-of-function of PHOSPHATE2 (PHO2), or treatment with high phosphate (Pi) levels is accompanied by an increase in Pi content and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. High Pi plants (e.g., miR399 overexpressors, pho2 mutants, and plants grown under high Pi supply) exhibited resistance to infection by necrotrophic and hemibiotrophic fungal pathogens. In the absence of pathogen infection, the expression levels of genes in the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-dependent signaling pathways were higher in high Pi plants compared to wild-type plants grown under control conditions, which is consistent with increased levels of SA and JA in non-infected high Pi plants. During infection, an opposite regulation in the two branches of the JA pathway (ERF1/PDF1.2 and MYC2/VSP2) occurs in high Pi plants. Thus, while pathogen infection induces PDF1.2 expression in miR399 OE and pho2 plants, VSP2 expression is downregulated by pathogen infection in these plants. This study supports the notion that Pi accumulation promotes resistance to infection by fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis, while providing a basis to better understand interactions between Pi signaling and hormonal signaling pathways for modulation of plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Val‐Torregrosa
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Mireia Bundó
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Héctor Martín‐Cardoso
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Marcel Bach‐Pages
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Tzyy‐Jen Chiou
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Center, Academia SinicaTaipei 115Taiwan
| | - Victor Flors
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Escuela Superior de Tecnología y Ciencias ExperimentalesUniversitat Jaume ICastellóSpain
| | - Blanca San Segundo
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC‐IRTA‐UAB‐UBCampus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallés)BarcelonaSpain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
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76
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Khan IU, Ali A, Zareen S, Khan HA, Lim CJ, Park J, Pardo JM, Yun DJ. Non-Expresser of PR-Genes 1 Positively Regulates Abscisic Acid Signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:815. [PMID: 35336696 PMCID: PMC8950481 DOI: 10.3390/plants11060815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The plant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA), is not only important for promoting abiotic stress responses but also plays a versatile and crucial role in plant immunity. The pathogen infection-induced dynamic accumulation of ABA mediates the degradation of non-expresser of PR genes 1 (NPR1) through the CUL3NPR3NPR4 proteasome pathway. However, the functional significance of NPR1 degradation by other E3 ligases in response to ABA remains unclear. Here, we report that NPR1 is induced transcriptionally by ABA and that npr1-1 mutation results in ABA insensitivity during seed germination and seedling growth. Mutants lacking NPR1 downregulate the expression of ABA-responsive transcription factors ABA INSENSITIVE4 (ABI4) and ABA INSENSITIVE5 (ABI5), and that of their downstream targets EM6, RAB18, RD26, and RD29B. The npr1-1 mutation also affects the transcriptional activity of WRKY18, which activates WRKY60 in the presence of ABA. Furthermore, NPR1 directly interacts with and is degraded by HOS15, a substrate receptor for the DDB1-CUL4 ubiquitin E3 ligase complex. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that NPR1 acts as a positive regulator of ABA-responsive genes, whereas HOS15 promotes NPR1 degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Ullah Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (S.Z.); (H.A.K.); (C.J.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Akhtar Ali
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (S.Z.); (H.A.K.); (C.J.L.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Shah Zareen
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (S.Z.); (H.A.K.); (C.J.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Haris Ali Khan
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (S.Z.); (H.A.K.); (C.J.L.); (J.P.)
| | - Chae Jin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (S.Z.); (H.A.K.); (C.J.L.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Junghoon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (S.Z.); (H.A.K.); (C.J.L.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Glocal Disease Control, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jose M. Pardo
- Institute of Plant Biochemistry and Photosynthesis, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, 41092 Seville, Spain;
| | - Dae-Jin Yun
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (I.U.K.); (A.A.); (S.Z.); (H.A.K.); (C.J.L.); (J.P.)
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77
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Sunarti S, Kissoudis C, Van Der Hoek Y, Van Der Schoot H, Visser RGF, Van Der Linden CG, Van De Wiel C, Bai Y. Drought Stress Interacts With Powdery Mildew Infection in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:845379. [PMID: 35350295 PMCID: PMC8958004 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.845379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Under field conditions, plants are often exposed to more than one stress factor at the same time, and therefore need to adapt to different combinations of stresses. Crosstalk between responses to abiotic and biotic stresses is known to occur, and the interaction between stress responses can be positive or negative. We studied the interaction of drought stress and powdery mildew (PM) infection in tomatoes using near-isogenic tomato lines (NILs) carrying the Ol-1, ol-2, or Ol-4 gene that confers resistance to tomato PM caused by Oidium neolycopersici. Our study demonstrated that drought-induced growth reduction was not further reduced by powdery mildew infection. Drought stress, however, decreased fungal infection in the susceptible genotype Moneymaker (MM) with fungal biomass tending to decrease further as the drought severity increased. Drought stress did not affect PM resistance levels of resistant NIL carrying ol-2 (a mutant of the tomato susceptibility Mlo gene) and Ol-4 an NLR (nucleotide-binding site-LRR) R gene associated with a fast hypersensitivity response (HR) but tended to slightly decrease disease levels of NIL-Ol-1 (no gene characterized yet, associated with a slow HR following PM infection). At the molecular level, genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene pathways were highly induced under combined stress indicating the involvement of ABA, SA, and ethylene in the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress. Messenger RNA expression of the ABA-responsive dehydrin SlTAS14 was induced under drought and combined stress with the highest induction under combined stress, and resistant NIL lines showed higher expression levels than MM. The expression of SlNCED (involved in ABA synthesis) was also upregulated under drought and highly induced under combined stress. Expression levels of pathogen responsive gene SlPR1 (an indicator of the SA pathway) and SlACS (involved in ethylene synthesis) were highly induced under powdery mildew infection in MM and the Ol-1 and were induced the most under combined stress in these lines. Taken together, these findings indicate that drought stress can interact with and influence PM infection in tomatoes in a resistance type-dependent manner. The role of hormonal signaling pathways in the crosstalk between drought stress and PM infection is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Sunarti
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Graduate School Experimental Plant Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Christos Kissoudis
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuling Bai
- Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
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78
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Kim C, Park J, Choi G, Kim S, Vo KTX, Jeon J, Kang S, Lee Y. A rice gene encoding glycosyl hydrolase plays contrasting roles in immunity depending on the type of pathogens. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2022; 23:400-416. [PMID: 34839574 PMCID: PMC8828457 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.13167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Because pathogens use diverse infection strategies, plants cannot use one-size-fits-all defence and modulate defence responses based on the nature of pathogens and pathogenicity mechanism. Here, we report that a rice glycoside hydrolase (GH) plays contrasting roles in defence depending on whether a pathogen is hemibiotrophic or necrotrophic. The Arabidopsis thaliana MORE1 (Magnaporthe oryzae resistance 1) gene, encoding a member of the GH10 family, is needed for resistance against M. oryzae and Alternaria brassicicola, a fungal pathogen infecting A. thaliana as a necrotroph. Among 13 rice genes homologous to MORE1, 11 genes were induced during the biotrophic or necrotrophic stage of infection by M. oryzae. CRISPR/Cas9-assisted disruption of one of them (OsMORE1a) enhanced resistance against hemibiotrophic pathogens M. oryzae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae but increased susceptibility to Cochliobolus miyabeanus, a necrotrophic fungus, suggesting that OsMORE1a acts as a double-edged sword depending on the mode of infection (hemibiotrophic vs. necrotrophic). We characterized molecular and cellular changes caused by the loss of MORE1 and OsMORE1a to understand how these genes participate in modulating defence responses. Although the underlying mechanism of action remains unknown, both genes appear to affect the expression of many defence-related genes. Expression patterns of the GH10 family genes in A. thaliana and rice suggest that other members also participate in pathogen defence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi‐Yeol Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Ju‐Young Park
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Gobong Choi
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural GenomicsSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Seongbeom Kim
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
| | - Kieu Thi Xuan Vo
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech InstituteKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - Jong‐Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech InstituteKyung Hee UniversityYonginKorea
| | - Seogchan Kang
- Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental MicrobiologyPennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Yong‐Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural BiotechnologySeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Plant Immunity Research CenterSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life SciencesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Agricultural GenomicsSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
- Center for Fungal Genetic ResourcesSeoul National UniversitySeoulKorea
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79
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CaSWC4 regulates the immunity-thermotolerance tradeoff by recruiting CabZIP63/CaWRKY40 to target genes and activating chromatin in pepper. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010023. [PMID: 35226664 PMCID: PMC8884482 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pepper (Capsicum annuum) responds differently to high temperature stress (HTS) and Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) but employs some shared transcription factors (TFs), such as CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40, in both cases. How the plant activates and balances these distinct responses, however, was unclear. Here, we show that the protein CaSWC4 interacts with CaRUVBL2 and CaTAF14b and they all act positively in pepper response to RSI and thermotolerance. CaSWC4 activates chromatin of immunity or thermotolerance related target genes of CaWRKY40 or CabZIP63 by promoting deposition of H2A.Z, H3K9ac and H4K5ac, simultaneously recruits CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40 through physical interaction and brings them to their targets (immunity- or thermotolerance-related genes) via binding AT-rich DNA element. The above process relies on the recruitment of CaRUVBL2 and TAF14 by CaSWC4 via physical interaction, which occurs at loci of immunity related target genes only when the plants are challenged with RSI, and at loci of thermotolerance related target genes only upon HTS. Collectively, our data suggest that CaSWC4 regulates rapid, accurate responses to both RSI and HTS by modulating chromatin of specific target genes opening and recruiting the TFs, CaRUVBL2 and CaTAF14b to the specific target genes, thereby helping achieve the balance between immunity and thermotolerance.
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80
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Jhu MY, Farhi M, Wang L, Zumstein K, Sinha NR. Investigating Host and Parasitic Plant Interaction by Tissue-Specific Gene Analyses on Tomato and Cuscuta campestris Interface at Three Haustorial Developmental Stages. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:764843. [PMID: 35222447 PMCID: PMC8866705 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.764843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Parasitic weeds cause billions of dollars in agricultural losses each year worldwide. Cuscuta campestris (C. campestris), one of the most widespread and destructive parasitic plants in the United States, severely reduces yield in tomato plants. Reducing the spread of parasitic weeds requires understanding the interaction between parasites and hosts. Several studies have identified factors needed for parasitic plant germination and haustorium induction, and genes involved in host defense responses. However, knowledge of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between host and parasitic plants, specifically at the interface between the two organisms, is relatively limited. A detailed investigation of the crosstalk between the host and parasite at the tissue-specific level would enable development of effective parasite control strategies. To focus on the haustorial interface, we used laser-capture microdissection (LCM) with RNA-seq on early, intermediate and mature haustorial stages. In addition, the tomato host tissue that immediately surround the haustoria was collected to obtain tissue- resolution RNA-Seq profiles for C. campestris and tomato at the parasitism interface. After conducting RNA-Seq analysis and constructing gene coexpression networks (GCNs), we identified CcHB7, CcPMEI, and CcERF1 as putative key regulators involved in C. campestris haustorium organogenesis, and three potential regulators, SlPR1, SlCuRe1-like, and SlNLR, in tomatoes that are involved in perceiving signals from the parasite. We used host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) transgenic tomatoes to knock-down the candidate genes in C. campestris and produced CRISPR transgenic tomatoes to knock out candidate genes in tomatoes. The interactions of C. campestris with these transgenic lines were tested and compared with that in wild-type tomatoes. The results of this study reveal the tissue-resolution gene regulatory mechanisms at the parasitic plant-host interface and provide the potential of developing a parasite-resistant system in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Yao Jhu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Crop Science Centre, Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Moran Farhi
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- The Better Meat Co., West Sacramento, CA, United States
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kristina Zumstein
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Neelima R. Sinha
- Department of Plant Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
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81
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Yang Y, Lu L, Sun D, Wang J, Wang N, Qiao L, Guo Q, Wang C. Fungus Polygalacturonase-Generated Oligogalacturonide Restrains Fruit Softening in Ripening Tomato. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:759-769. [PMID: 34932342 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fruit softening exacerbates mechanical damage incurred during shipping and handling and the increase in pathogen susceptibility. Here, oligogalacturonides (OGs) produced by fungal polygalacturonase (PG) delayed fruit softening in tomato and maintained fruit firmness at 8.37 ± 0.45 N at 13 d of storage, which was consistent with the fruit firmness level of 5 d in the control groups. From RNA sequencing data in line production of phytohormones, we confirmed ethylene and jasmonic acid signals, the MAPK signaling cascade, and calmodulin involved in the OG-mediated firmness response of whole fruit. SlPG2, SlPL3, and SlPL5 were the major contributing factors for fruit softening, and their expression decreased continuously upon OG application. Suppression of the expression of ethylene response factors using a virus-induced gene-silencing strategy revealed that SlERF6 was negatively involved in OG-restrained fruit softening. Taken together, these results indicated that fungal PG-generated OGs have potential application value in controlling tomato fruit softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Laifeng Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Dandan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Jinghao Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Nifei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Liping Qiao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Qingbin Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Changlu Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Health, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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82
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Tsuda K. Editorial Feature: Meet the PCP Editor-Kenichi Tsuda. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1-3. [PMID: 34669965 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcab151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Tsuda
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Hubei Key Lab of Plant Pathology, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
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83
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Durán P, Flores-Uribe J, Wippel K, Zhang P, Guan R, Melkonian B, Melkonian M, Garrido-Oter R. Shared features and reciprocal complementation of the Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis microbiota. Nat Commun 2022; 13:406. [PMID: 35058457 PMCID: PMC8776852 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microscopic algae release organic compounds to the region immediately surrounding their cells, known as the phycosphere, constituting a niche for colonization by heterotrophic bacteria. These bacteria take up algal photoassimilates and provide beneficial functions to their host, in a process that resembles the establishment of microbial communities associated with the roots and rhizospheres of land plants. Here, we characterize the microbiota of the model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and reveal extensive taxonomic and functional overlap with the root microbiota of land plants. Using synthetic communities derived from C. reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana, we show that phycosphere and root bacteria assemble into taxonomically similar communities on either host. We show that provision of diffusible metabolites is not sufficient for phycosphere community establishment, which additionally requires physical proximity to the host. Our data suggest the existence of shared ecological principles driving the assembly of the A. thaliana root and C. reinhardtii phycosphere microbiota, despite the vast evolutionary distance between these two photosynthetic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paloma Durán
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - José Flores-Uribe
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Wippel
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Pengfan Zhang
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rui Guan
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Barbara Melkonian
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Melkonian
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ruben Garrido-Oter
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany.
- Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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84
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Gupta R, Elkabetz D, Leibman-Markus M, Jami E, Bar M. Cytokinin-microbiome interactions regulate developmental functions. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2022; 17:2. [PMID: 35033189 PMCID: PMC8760676 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-022-00397-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of plants with the complex microbial networks that inhabit them is important for plant health. While the reliance of plants on their microbial inhabitants for defense against invading pathogens is well documented, the acquisition of data concerning the relationships between plant developmental stage or aging, and microbiome assembly, is still underway. The plant hormone cytokinin (CK) regulates various plant growth and developmental processes. Here, examining the relationships between plant development and microbiome assembly, we observed developmental-age dependent changes in the phyllopshere microbiome. We show that age-related shifts in microbiome content vary based on content of, or sensitivity to, CK. RESULTS We found a developmental age associated decline in microbial richness and diversity, accompanied by a decline in the presence of growth promoting and resistance inducing Bacilli in the phyllosphere. This decline was absent from CK-rich or CK-hypersensitive genotypes. Bacillus isolates we obtained from CK rich genotypes were found to alter the expression of developmental genes to support morphogenesis and alter the leaf developmental program when applied to seedlings, and enhance yield and agricultural productivity when applied to mature plants. CONCLUSIONS Our results support the notion that CK supports developmental functions in part via the bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rupali Gupta
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Dorin Elkabetz
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meirav Leibman-Markus
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Elie Jami
- Department of Ruminant Science, Animal Science Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Maya Bar
- Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research, Plant Protection Institute, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Institute, Rishon LeZion, Israel.
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85
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Zentgraf U, Andrade-Galan AG, Bieker S. Specificity of H 2O 2 signaling in leaf senescence: is the ratio of H 2O 2 contents in different cellular compartments sensed in Arabidopsis plants? Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:4. [PMID: 34991444 PMCID: PMC8903538 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-021-00300-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf senescence is an integral part of plant development and is driven by endogenous cues such as leaf or plant age. Developmental senescence aims to maximize the usage of carbon, nitrogen and mineral resources for growth and/or for the sake of the next generation. This requires efficient reallocation of the resources out of the senescing tissue into developing parts of the plant such as new leaves, fruits and seeds. However, premature senescence can be induced by severe and long-lasting biotic or abiotic stress conditions. It serves as an exit strategy to guarantee offspring in an unfavorable environment but is often combined with a trade-off in seed number and quality. In order to coordinate the very complex process of developmental senescence with environmental signals, highly organized networks and regulatory cues have to be in place. Reactive oxygen species, especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are involved in senescence as well as in stress signaling. Here, we want to summarize the role of H2O2 as a signaling molecule in leaf senescence and shed more light on how specificity in signaling might be achieved. Altered hydrogen peroxide contents in specific compartments revealed a differential impact of H2O2 produced in different compartments. Arabidopsis lines with lower H2O2 levels in chloroplasts and cytoplasm point to the possibility that not the actual contents but the ratio between the two different compartments is sensed by the plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Zentgraf
- ZMBP (Centre of Plant Molecular Biology), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Ana Gabriela Andrade-Galan
- ZMBP (Centre of Plant Molecular Biology), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Bieker
- ZMBP (Centre of Plant Molecular Biology), University of Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 32, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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86
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Delplace F, Huard-Chauveau C, Berthomé R, Roby D. Network organization of the plant immune system: from pathogen perception to robust defense induction. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:447-470. [PMID: 34399442 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant immune system has been explored essentially through the study of qualitative resistance, a simple form of immunity, and from a reductionist point of view. The recent identification of genes conferring quantitative disease resistance revealed a large array of functions, suggesting more complex mechanisms. In addition, thanks to the advent of high-throughput analyses and system approaches, our view of the immune system has become more integrative, revealing that plant immunity should rather be seen as a distributed and highly connected molecular network including diverse functions to optimize expression of plant defenses to pathogens. Here, we review the recent progress made to understand the network complexity of regulatory pathways leading to plant immunity, from pathogen perception, through signaling pathways and finally to immune responses. We also analyze the topological organization of these networks and their emergent properties, crucial to predict novel immune functions and test them experimentally. Finally, we report how these networks might be regulated by environmental clues. Although system approaches remain extremely scarce in this area of research, a growing body of evidence indicates that the plant response to combined biotic and abiotic stresses cannot be inferred from responses to individual stresses. A view of possible research avenues in this nascent biology domain is finally proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Delplace
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Carine Huard-Chauveau
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Richard Berthomé
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
| | - Dominique Roby
- Laboratoire des Interactions Plantes-Microbes-Environnement, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, INRAE, CNRS, Université de Toulouse, Castanet-Tolosan, 31326, France
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87
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Rivero RM, Mittler R, Blumwald E, Zandalinas SI. Developing climate-resilient crops: improving plant tolerance to stress combination. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 109:373-389. [PMID: 34482588 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Global warming and climate change are driving an alarming increase in the frequency and intensity of different abiotic stresses, such as droughts, heat waves, cold snaps, and flooding, negatively affecting crop yields and causing food shortages. Climate change is also altering the composition and behavior of different insect and pathogen populations adding to yield losses worldwide. Additional constraints to agriculture are caused by the increasing amounts of human-generated pollutants, as well as the negative impact of climate change on soil microbiomes. Although in the laboratory, we are trained to study the impact of individual stress conditions on plants, in the field many stresses, pollutants, and pests could simultaneously or sequentially affect plants, causing conditions of stress combination. Because climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of such stress combination events (e.g., heat waves combined with drought, flooding, or other abiotic stresses, pollutants, and/or pathogens), a concentrated effort is needed to study how stress combination is affecting crops. This need is particularly critical, as many studies have shown that the response of plants to stress combination is unique and cannot be predicted from simply studying each of the different stresses that are part of the stress combination. Strategies to enhance crop tolerance to a particular stress may therefore fail to enhance tolerance to this specific stress, when combined with other factors. Here we review recent studies of stress combinations in different plants and propose new approaches and avenues for the development of stress combination- and climate change-resilient crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Rivero
- Department of Plant Nutrition, Campus Universitario de Espinardo, CEBAS-CSIC, Ed 25, Espinardo, Murcia, 30100, Spain
| | - Ron Mittler
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, 1 Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Sara I Zandalinas
- Division of Plant Sciences and Interdisciplinary Plant Group, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, 1201 Rollins Street, Columbia, MO, 65201, USA
- Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Universitat Jaume I, Av. de Vicent Sos Baynat, s/n, Castelló de la Plana, 12071, Spain
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88
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Cao Q, Li G, Liu F. Elevated CO 2 enhanced water use efficiency of wheat to progressive drought stress but not on maize. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:953712. [PMID: 36466229 PMCID: PMC9714360 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.953712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Global rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) and drought stress exert profound influences on crop growth and yield. The objective of the present study was to investigate the responses of leaf gas exchange and plant water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (C3) and maize (C4) plants to progressive drought stress under ambient (a[CO2], 400 ppm) and elevated (e[CO2], 800 ppm) atmospheric CO2 concentrations. The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) was used to evaluate soil water status in the pots. Under non-drought stress, e[CO2] increased the net photosynthetic rate (An) solely in wheat, and dry matter accumulation (DMA), whereas it decreased stomatal conductance (g s) and water consumption (WC), resulting in enhanced WUE by 27.82% for maize and 49.86% for wheat. After onset of progressive soil drying, maize plants in e[CO2] showed lower FTSW thresholds than wheat, at which e.g. gs (0.31 vs 0.40) and leaf relative water content (0.21 vs 0.43) starts to decrease, indicating e[CO2] conferred a greater drought resistance in maize. Under the combination of e[CO2] and drought stress, enhanced WUE was solely found in wheat, which is mainly associated with increased DMA and unaffected WC. These varied responses of leaf gas exchange and WUE between the two species to combined drought and e[CO2] suggest that specific water management strategies should be developed to optimize crop WUE for different species in a future drier and CO2-enriched environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjun Cao
- Key Laboratory of Northeast crop physiology ecology and cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of The People’s Republic of China, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Science, Changchun, China
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Northeast crop physiology ecology and cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of The People’s Republic of China, Jilin Academy of Agriculture Science, Changchun, China
| | - Fulai Liu
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Taastrup, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Fulai Liu,
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89
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Neofotis P, Temple J, Tessmer OL, Bibik J, Norris N, Pollner E, Lucker B, Weraduwage SM, Withrow A, Sears B, Mogos G, Frame M, Hall D, Weissman J, Kramer DM. The induction of pyrenoid synthesis by hyperoxia and its implications for the natural diversity of photosynthetic responses in Chlamydomonas. eLife 2021; 10:67565. [PMID: 34936552 PMCID: PMC8694700 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In algae, it is well established that the pyrenoid, a component of the carbon-concentrating mechanism (CCM), is essential for efficient photosynthesis at low CO2. However, the signal that triggers the formation of the pyrenoid has remained elusive. Here, we show that, in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the pyrenoid is strongly induced by hyperoxia, even at high CO2 or bicarbonate levels. These results suggest that the pyrenoid can be induced by a common product of photosynthesis specific to low CO2 or hyperoxia. Consistent with this view, the photorespiratory by-product, H2O2, induced the pyrenoid, suggesting that it acts as a signal. Finally, we show evidence for linkages between genetic variations in hyperoxia tolerance, H2O2 signaling, and pyrenoid morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Neofotis
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Joshua Temple
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Oliver L Tessmer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Jacob Bibik
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Nicole Norris
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Eric Pollner
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Ben Lucker
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Sarathi M Weraduwage
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.,Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Alecia Withrow
- Center for Advanced Microscopy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Barbara Sears
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Greg Mogos
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Melinda Frame
- Center for Advanced Microscopy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - David Hall
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Joseph Weissman
- Corporate Strategic Research, ExxonMobil, Annandale, United States
| | - David M Kramer
- MSU-DOE Plant Research Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
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90
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Wu D, Saleem M, He T, He G. The Mechanism of Metal Homeostasis in Plants: A New View on the Synergistic Regulation Pathway of Membrane Proteins, Lipids and Metal Ions. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11120984. [PMID: 34940485 PMCID: PMC8706360 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heavy metal stress (HMS) is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses which seriously affects the growth and development of plants. Recent studies have shown significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to HMS. In general, three core signals are involved in plants' responses to HMS; these are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), calcium, and hormonal (abscisic acid) signals. In addition to these signal components, other regulatory factors, such as microRNAs and membrane proteins, also play an important role in regulating HMS responses in plants. Membrane proteins interact with the highly complex and heterogeneous lipids in the plant cell environment. The function of membrane proteins is affected by the interactions between lipids and lipid-membrane proteins. Our review findings also indicate the possibility of membrane protein-lipid-metal ion interactions in regulating metal homeostasis in plant cells. In this review, we investigated the role of membrane proteins with specific substrate recognition in regulating cell metal homeostasis. The understanding of the possible interaction networks and upstream and downstream pathways is developed. In addition, possible interactions between membrane proteins, metal ions, and lipids are discussed to provide new ideas for studying metal homeostasis in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danxia Wu
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | - Tengbing He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Institute of New Rural Development, West Campus, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (G.H.)
| | - Guandi He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (G.H.)
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91
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Morales M, Pasques O, Munné-Bosch S. English plantain deploys stress tolerance mechanisms at various organization levels across an altitudinal gradient in the Pyrenees. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:2350-2360. [PMID: 34651706 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High-mountain plants must withstand high solar irradiation and low temperatures during winter. Furthermore, climate change is increasing drought events, which pose an additional threat to plants. Here, we studied the stress tolerance mechanisms at various levels of biological organization in English plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), focusing on photoprotective and antioxidant responses. The response of populations from three different altitudes in the Eastern Pyrenees (1030, 1380, and 1660 m. a.s.l.) was compared during both autumn and winter. Results showed that plants not only suffered from photoinhibition due to very low temperatures at the highest elevation during winter, but also from mild drought stress at the lowest altitude during autumn. Individuals growing at the highest elevation showed reductions in the maximum photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv /Fm ratio), which might be caused by the lack of an increased induction of tolerance mechanisms at the highest elevation compared to the intermediate one. Although most leaves died at the highest elevation, plants could withstand stress at the organism level by generating new leaves once the stress ceased. Drought at the lowest elevation during autumn caused mild stress with small decreases in the Fv /Fm ratio, along with an increase in abscisic acid and jasmonic acid content. This study underlines the great capacity of English plantain to adapt to high elevation by activating not only photo- and antioxidant protection mechanisms and adjustments in stress-related phytohormones, but also by fully regenerating its aboveground biomass through renewed growth once the stress has ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Morales
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ot Pasques
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergi Munné-Bosch
- Departament de Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Biodiversitat (IRBio), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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92
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Ahammed GJ, Guang Y, Yang Y, Chen J. Mechanisms of elevated CO 2-induced thermotolerance in plants: the role of phytohormones. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2273-2286. [PMID: 34269828 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02751-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Rising atmospheric CO2 is a key driver of climate change, intensifying drastic changes in meteorological parameters. Plants can sense and respond to changes in environmental parameters including atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. High temperatures beyond the physiological threshold can significantly affect plant growth and development and thus attenuate crop productivity. However, elevated atmospheric CO2 can mitigate the deleterious effects of heat stress on plants. Despite a large body of literature supporting the positive impact of elevated CO2 on thermotolerance, the underlying biological mechanisms and precise molecular pathways that lead to enhanced tolerance to heat stress remain largely unclear. Under heat stress, elevated CO2-induced expression of respiratory burst oxidase homologs (RBOHs) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling play a critical role in stomatal movement, which optimizes gas exchange to enhance photosynthesis and water use efficiency. Notably, elevated CO2 also fortifies antioxidant defense and redox homeostasis to alleviate heat-induced oxidative damage. Both hormone-dependent and independent pathways have been shown to mediate high CO2-induced thermotolerance. The activation of heat-shock factors and subsequent expression of heat-shock proteins are thought to be the essential mechanism downstream of hormone and ROS signaling. Here we review the role of phytohormones in plant response to high atmospheric CO2 and temperatures. We also discuss the potential mechanisms of elevated CO2-induced thermotolerance by focusing on several key phytohormones such as ethylene. Finally, we address some limitations of our current understanding and the need for further research to unveil the yet-unknown crosstalk between plant hormones in mediating high CO2-induced thermotolerance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Jalal Ahammed
- College of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, 471023, China
| | - Yelan Guang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China
| | - Youxin Yang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
| | - Jinyin Chen
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Postharvest Technology and Nondestructive Testing of Fruits and Vegetables, Collaborative Innovation Center of Post-Harvest Key Technology and Quality Safety of Fruits and Vegetables, College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, 330045, China.
- Pingxiang University, Pingxiang, Jiangxi, China.
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93
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Harith-Fadzilah N, Lam SD, Haris-Hussain M, Ghani IA, Zainal Z, Jalinas J, Hassan M. Proteomics and Interspecies Interaction Analysis Revealed Abscisic Acid Signalling to Be the Primary Driver for Oil Palm's Response against Red Palm Weevil Infestation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2574. [PMID: 34961045 PMCID: PMC8709180 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The red palm weevil (RPW; Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera Curculionidae)) is an invasive insect pest that is difficult to manage due to its nature of infesting the host palm trees from within. A holistic, molecular-based approach to identify proteins that correlate with RPW infestation could give useful insights into the vital processes that are prevalent to the host's infestation response and identify the potential biomarkers for an early detection technique. Here, a shotgun proteomic analysis was performed on oil palm (Elaeis guineensis; OP) under untreated (control), wounding by drilling (wounded), and artificial larval infestation (infested) conditions at three different time points to characterise the RPW infestation response at three different stages. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed many overlapping pathways between the control, wounded, and infested groups. Further analysis via literature searches narrowed down biologically relevant proteins into categories, which were photosynthesis, growth, and stress response. Overall, the patterns of protein expression suggested abscisic acid (ABA) hormone signalling to be the primary driver of insect herbivory response. Interspecies molecular docking analysis between RPW ligands and OP receptor proteins provided putative interactions that result in ABA signalling activation. Seven proteins were selected as candidate biomarkers for early infestation detection based on their relevance and association with ABA signalling. The MS data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD028986. This study provided a deeper insight into the mechanism of stress response in OP in order to develop a novel detection method or improve crop management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmi Harith-Fadzilah
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Su Datt Lam
- Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Mohammad Haris-Hussain
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Idris Abd Ghani
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Zamri Zainal
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Johari Jalinas
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.H.-H.); (I.A.G.); (J.J.)
| | - Maizom Hassan
- Institute of Systems Biology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia; (N.H.-F.); (Z.Z.)
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94
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Saddhe AA, Karle SB, Aftab T, Kumar K. With no lysine kinases: the key regulatory networks and phytohormone cross talk in plant growth, development and stress response. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2021; 40:2097-2109. [PMID: 34110446 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02728-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
With No Lysine kinases (WNKs) are a distinct family of Serine/Threonine protein kinase with unique arrangement of catalytic residues in kinase domain. In WNK, an essential catalytic lysine requisite for attaching ATP and phosphorylation reaction is located in subdomain I, instead of subdomain II, which is essentially a typical feature of other Ser/Thr kinases. WNKs are identified in diverse organisms including multicellular and unicellular organisms. Mammalian WNKs are well characterized at structural and functional level, while plant WNKs are not explored much except few recent studies. Plant WNKs role in various physiological processes viz. ion maintenance, osmotic stress, pH homeostasis, circadian rhythms, regulation of flowering time, proliferation and organ development, and abiotic stresses are known, but the mechanisms involved are unclear. Plant WNKs are known to be involved in enhanced drought and salt stress response via ABA-signaling pathway, but the complete signaling cascade is yet to be elucidated. The current review will discuss the interplay between WNKs and growth regulators and their cross talks in plant growth and development. We have also highlighted the link between the stress phytohormones and WNK members in regulating abiotic stress responses in plants. The present review will provide an overall known mechanism on the involvement of WNKs in plant growth and development and abiotic stress response and highlight its role/applications in the development of stress-tolerant plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankush Ashok Saddhe
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403 726, India
- Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Suhas Balasaheb Karle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403 726, India
| | - Tariq Aftab
- Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Uttar Pradesh, Aligarh, 202 002, India
| | - Kundan Kumar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa, 403 726, India.
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95
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Zhang J, Vrieling K, Klinkhamer PG, Bezemer T. Exogenous application of plant defense hormones alters the effects of live soils on plant performance. Basic Appl Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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96
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Shang H, Ma C, Li C, Zhao J, Elmer W, White JC, Xing B. Copper Oxide Nanoparticle-Embedded Hydrogels Enhance Nutrient Supply and Growth of Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa) Infected with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:13432-13442. [PMID: 34236843 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanotechnology to suppress crop diseases has attracted increasing attention in agriculture. The present work investigated the antifungal efficacy of copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO NP)-embedded hydrogels, which were synthesized by loading CuO nanoparticles (NPs) in hydrogels formed from cross-linked interaction between chitosan and acrylic acid, against Fusarium wilt of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae. In comparison with CuO NPs, 7-day Cu dissolution from CuO NP-embedded hydrogels was 34.2-94.8% slower regardless of media type, including water, potato dextrose broth, or a soil extract. In a greenhouse study, upon exposure to CuO NP-embedded hydrogels, CuO NPs, or Kocide 3000 with equivalent amounts of Cu (31 mg/kg), the fresh shoot biomass was significantly increased by 40.5, 26.1 and 27.2%, respectively, as compared to that of the infected control. Notably, CuO NP-embedded hydrogels enhanced uptake of P, Mn, Zn, and Mg and increased the levels of organic acids as compared to the diseased control. Increased salicylic acid (SA) and decreased jasmonic acid (JA) and abscisic acid (ABA) levels with the addition of different forms of Cu may have enhanced disease resistance. Taken together, our findings provide useful information and approach for improving the delivery efficiency of agrichemicals via nanoenabled strategies and an advanced understanding of plant defense mechanisms triggered by Cu-based NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heping Shang
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Chuanxin Ma
- Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Environmental and Ecological Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
| | - Jian Zhao
- IInstitute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, and Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Wade Elmer
- Department of Plant Pathology and Ecology, The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Jason C White
- The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, Connecticut 06504, United States
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, United States
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97
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Bancal MO. Plant-plant communication in variety mixtures plays on disease susceptibility and immunity. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:6084-6086. [PMID: 34592757 PMCID: PMC8483780 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This article comments on: Pélissier R, Buendia L, Brousse A, Temple C, Ballini E, Fort F, Violle C, Morel JB. 2021. Plant neighbour-modulated susceptibility to pathogens in intraspecific mixtures. Journal of Experimental Botany 72, 6570–6580.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Odile Bancal
- AgroParisTech, University Paris-Saclay, France
- INRAE, ECOSYS, UMR 1402, F-78350 Thiverval-Grignon, France
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98
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Abstract
Tradeoffs among plant traits help maintain relative fitness under unpredictable conditions and maximize reproductive success. However, modifying tradeoffs is a breeding challenge since many genes of minor effect are involved. The intensive crosstalk and fine-tuning between growth and defense responsive phytohormones via transcription factors optimizes growth, reproduction, and stress tolerance. There are regulating genes in grain crops that deploy diverse functions to overcome tradeoffs, e.g., miR-156-IPA1 regulates crosstalk between growth and defense to achieve high disease resistance and yield, while OsALDH2B1 loss of function causes imbalance among defense, growth, and reproduction in rice. GNI-A1 regulates seed number and weight in wheat by suppressing distal florets and altering assimilate distribution of proximal seeds in spikelets. Knocking out ABA-induced transcription repressors (AITRs) enhances abiotic stress adaptation without fitness cost in Arabidopsis. Deploying AITRs homologs in grain crops may facilitate breeding. This knowledge suggests overcoming tradeoffs through breeding may expose new ones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Alnarp, Sweden
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99
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WRKY Transcription Factors in Cassava Contribute to Regulation of Tolerance and Susceptibility to Cassava Mosaic Disease through Stress Responses. Viruses 2021; 13:v13091820. [PMID: 34578401 PMCID: PMC8473359 DOI: 10.3390/v13091820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the numerous biological constraints that hinder cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) production, foremost is cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by virus members of the family Geminiviridae, genus Begomovirus. The mechanisms of CMD tolerance and susceptibility are not fully understood; however, CMD susceptible T200 and tolerant TME3 cassava landraces have been shown to exhibit different large-scale transcriptional reprogramming in response to South African cassava mosaic virus (SACMV). Recent identification of 85 MeWRKY transcription factors in cassava demonstrated high orthology with those in Arabidopsis, however, little is known about their roles in virus responses in this non-model crop. Significant differences in MeWRKY expression and regulatory networks between the T200 and TME3 landraces were demonstrated. Overall, WRKY expression and associated hormone and enriched biological processes in both landraces reflect oxidative and other biotic stress responses to SACMV. Notably, MeWRKY11 and MeWRKY81 were uniquely up and downregulated at 12 and 67 days post infection (dpi) respectively in TME3, implicating a role in tolerance and symptom recovery. AtWRKY28 and AtWRKY40 homologs of MeWRKY81 and MeWRKY11, respectively, have been shown to be involved in regulation of jasmonic and salicylic acid signaling in Arabidopsis. AtWRKY28 is an interactor in the RPW8-NBS resistance (R) protein network and downregulation of its homolog MeWRKY81 at 67 dpi in TME3 suggests a negative role for this WRKY in SACMV tolerance. In contrast, in T200, nine MeWRKYs were differentially expressed from early (12 dpi), middle (32 dpi) to late (67 dpi) infection. MeWRKY27 (homolog AtWRKY33) and MeWRKY55 (homolog AtWRKY53) were uniquely up-regulated at 12, 32 and 67 dpi in T200. AtWRKY33 and AtWRKY53 are positive regulators of leaf senescence and oxidative stress in Arabidopsis, suggesting MeWRKY55 and 27 contribute to susceptibility in T200.
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100
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Brasileiro ACM, Lacorte C, Pereira BM, Oliveira TN, Ferreira DS, Mota APZ, Saraiva MAP, Araujo ACG, Silva LP, Guimaraes PM. Ectopic expression of an expansin-like B gene from wild Arachis enhances tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 107:1681-1696. [PMID: 34231270 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant expansins are structural cell wall-loosening proteins implicated in several developmental processes and responses to environmental constraints and pathogen infection. To date, there is limited information about the biological function of expansins-like B (EXLBs), one of the smallest and less-studied subfamilies of plant expansins. In the present study, we conducted a functional analysis of the wild Arachis AdEXLB8 gene in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants to clarify its putative role in mediating defense responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. First, its cell wall localization was confirmed in plants expressing an AdEXLB8:eGFP fusion protein, while nanomechanical assays indicated cell wall reorganization and reassembly due to AdEXLB8 overexpression without compromising the phenotype. We further demonstrated that AdEXLB8 increased tolerance not only to isolated abiotic (drought) and biotic (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and Meloidogyne incognita) stresses but also to their combination. The jasmonate and abscisic acid signaling pathways were clearly favored in transgenic plants, showing an activated antioxidative defense system. In addition to modifications in the biomechanical properties of the cell wall, we propose that AdEXLB8 overexpression interferes with phytohormone dynamics leading to a defense primed state, which culminates in plant defense responses against isolated and combined abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruna M Pereira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Thais N Oliveira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Deziany S Ferreira
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
- Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ana P Z Mota
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Ana C G Araujo
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Luciano P Silva
- EMBRAPA Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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