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De Revere JL, Clausen RD, Astorino TA. Changes in VO2max and cardiac output in response to short-term high-intensity interval training in Caucasian and Hispanic young women: A pilot study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244850. [PMID: 33481836 PMCID: PMC7822506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Data obtained in primarily Caucasian (C) and African American adults show that ethnicity does not mediate responsiveness to exercise training. It is unknown if Hispanics (H), who face elevated health risks and are less active than C, exhibit a similar response to exercise training. This study compared cardiorespiratory and hemodynamic responses to high intensity interval training (HIIT) between C and H women. Twelve C and ten H women ages 19–35 yr who were non-obese and inactive completed nine sessions of HIIT over a 3 wk period. Maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was assessed twice at baseline during which thoracic impedance was used to evaluate heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO). Habitual physical activity was assessed using accelerometry. Results showed a significant main effect of training for VO2max in C and H (F = 13.97, p = 0.001) and no group by training interaction (p = 0.65). There was a main effect of training for CO and SV in C and H (F = 7.57, p = 0.01; F = 7.16, p = 0.02), yet post hoc analyses revealed significant increases were only exhibited in C. There was a tendency for a group by training interaction for a-VO2diff (F = 1.32, p = 0.054), and a large effect size was seen in H (d = 1.02). Overall, data show no effect of ethnicity on changes in VO2max with low-volume HIIT, yet C and H may achieve this outcome differently. Longer studies in similar populations are needed to verify this result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. De Revere
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Rasmus D. Clausen
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Astorino
- Department of Kinesiology, California State University—San Marcos, San Marcos, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Weaver SR, Skinner BD, Furlong R, Lucas RAI, Cable NT, Rendeiro C, McGettrick HM, Lucas SJE. Cerebral Hemodynamic and Neurotrophic Factor Responses Are Dependent on the Type of Exercise. Front Physiol 2021; 11:609935. [PMID: 33551835 PMCID: PMC7859714 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.609935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined acute cerebral hemodynamic and circulating neurotrophic factor responses to moderate intensity continuous exercise (MICT), guideline-based high intensity interval exercise (HIIT), and sprint interval exercise (SIT). We hypothesized that the pattern of middle cerebral artery velocity (MCAv) response would differ between interval and continuous exercise, with SIT inducing the smallest increase from rest, while increases in neurotrophic factors would be intensity-dependent. In a randomized crossover design, 24 healthy adults (nine females) performed three exercise protocols: (i) MICT (30 min), (ii) HIIT (4 × 4 min at 85% HRmax), and (iii) SIT (4 × 30 s supramaximal). MCAv significantly increased from rest across MICT (Δ13.1 ± 8.5 cm⋅s-1, p < 0.001) and all bouts of HIIT (Δ15.2 ± 9.8 cm⋅s-1, p < 0.001), but only for the initial bout of SIT (Δ17.3 ± 11.6 cm⋅s-1, p < 0.001). Immediately following each interval bout, MCAv increased (i.e., rebounded) for the SIT (9-14% above rest, p ≤ 0.04), but not HIIT protocol. SIT alone induced significant elevations from rest to end-exercise in vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF; Δ28 ± 36%, p = 0.017) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF, Δ149% ± 162%, p < 0.001) and there were greater increases in lactate than in either other protocol (>5-fold greater in SIT, p < 0.001), alongside a small significant reduction at the end of active recovery in insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1, Δ22 ± 21%, p = 0.002). In conclusion, while the nature of the response may differ, both guideline-based and sprint-based interval exercise have the potential to induce significant changes in factors linked to improved cerebrovascular and brain health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R. Weaver
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany D. Skinner
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rhodri Furlong
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebekah A. I. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N. Timothy Cable
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Catarina Rendeiro
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M. McGettrick
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel J. E. Lucas
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
- Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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Home-Based Stair Climbing as an Intervention for Disease Risk in Adult Females; A Controlled Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020603. [PMID: 33445686 PMCID: PMC7828146 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and the metabolic syndrome are major contributors to health care expenditure. Increased physical activity reduces disease risk. The study compared effects of walking up and down stairs at home with continuous, gym-based stair climbing on the disease risk factors of aerobic fitness, serum lipids, body composition, fasting blood glucose, and resting cardiovascular variables. Sedentary women (31.7 ± 1.4 years) were randomly assigned to home-based (n = 26) or gym-based (n = 24) climbing for five days.week−1 over an eight-week period. Each ascent required a 32.8-m climb, with home-based climbing matching the vertical displacement in the gym. Participants progressed from two ascents.day−1 to five ascents.day−1 in weeks 7 and 8. Relative to controls, stair climbing improved aerobic fitness (V˙O2max +1.63 mL.min−1.kg−1, 95% CI = 1.21–2.05), body composition (weight −0.99 kg, 95% CI = 1.38–0.60), and serum lipids (LDL cholesterol −0.20 mmol.L−1, 95% CI = 0.09–0.31; triglycerides −0.21 mmol.L−1, 95% CI = 0.15–0.27), with similar risk reductions for home and gym-based groups. Only the home-based protocol reduced fasting blood glucose. Discussion focuses on stair climbing bouts as time-efficient exercise and the potential benefits of a home-based intervention. Stair use at home offers a low-cost intervention for disease risk reduction to public health.
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Lakicevic N, Gentile A, Mehrabi S, Cassar S, Parker K, Roklicer R, Bianco A, Drid P. Make Fitness Fun: Could Novelty Be the Key Determinant for Physical Activity Adherence? Front Psychol 2020; 11:577522. [PMID: 33178079 PMCID: PMC7593334 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.577522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nemanja Lakicevic
- Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ambra Gentile
- Program in Health Promotion and Cognitive Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Samira Mehrabi
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Applied Health Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel Cassar
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Parker
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Roberto Roklicer
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Antonino Bianco
- Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Cardiometabolic and Perceptual Responses to Body-Weight Resistance High-Intensity Interval Exercise in Boys. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2020; 33:8-15. [PMID: 33022653 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2020-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The majority of studies examining children's responses to high-intensity interval exercise primarily utilized running; however, this modality does not require/include other important aspects of physical activity including muscular fitness. PURPOSE To compare acute responses between a body weight resistance exercise circuit (CIRC) and treadmill-based (TM) high-intensity interval exercise. METHOD A total of 17 boys (age = 9.7 [1.3] y) completed a graded exercise test to determine peak heart rate, peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), and maximal aerobic speed. Sessions were randomized and counterbalanced. CIRC required 2 sets of 30-second maximal repetitions of 4 exercises. TM included eight 30-second bouts of running at 100% maximal aerobic speed. Both included 30-second active recovery between bouts. Blood lactate concentration was measured preexercise and postexercise. Rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment were recorded preexercise, after intervals 3 and 6, and postexercise. RESULTS Participants attained 88% (5%) peak heart rate and 74% (9%) VO2peak for CIRC and 89% (4%) peak heart rate and 81% (6%) VO2peak for TM, with a significant difference in percentage of VO2peak (P = .003) between protocols. Postexercise blood lactate concentration was higher following CIRC (5.0 [0.7] mM) versus TM (2.0 [0.3] mM) (P < .001). Rating of perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment responses did not differ between protocols (P > .05). CONCLUSION HR responses were near maximal during CIRC, supporting that this body-weight circuit is representative of high-intensity interval exercise.
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Santos A, Stork MJ, Locke SR, Jung ME. Psychological responses to HIIT and MICT over a 2-week progressive randomized trial among individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:170-182. [PMID: 32881648 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1809975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to examine the affective and social cognitive responses to low-volume high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) over a progressive two-week supervised intervention for individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes. Ninety-nine adults that were low-active and overweight were randomized into one of two exercise conditions and had affective and social cognitive measures assessed before, during, and after intervention. Increases over time in post-exercise enjoyment, attitudes towards exercise, and intentions to exercise were noted for both HIIT and MICT conditions (ps <.05). The patterns of change in acute affective responses over the two-week intervention were consistent for both conditions, with participants in MICT reporting more positive in-task affect and affective attitudes throughout (ps <.001). Positive correlational relationships between affective and social cognitive responses were revealed throughout the intervention (ps <.05), highlighting the relationship between reflexive responses and reflective cognitions. Research is warranted to determine whether findings are a consequence of familiarization with exercise, whether such findings are translatable to real-world environments and non-progressive exercise protocols, and whether these reflexive responses and reflective cognitions are predictive of future exercise behaviour for individuals at risk of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Santos
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Stork
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sean R Locke
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mary E Jung
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia , Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Oviedo GR, Javierre C, Font-Farré M, Tamulevicius N, Carbó-Carreté M, Figueroa A, Pérez-Testor S, Cabedo-Sanromá J, Moss SJ, Massó-Ortigosa N, Guerra-Balic M. Intellectual disability, exercise and aging: the IDEA study: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1266. [PMID: 32819350 PMCID: PMC7439526 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with intellectual disabilities (ID) have low levels of physical activity (PA) together with accelerated aging profiles. Adherence to PA interventions for persons with ID is low based on barriers such as motivation. The IDEA study aims to determine the effect of two types of exercise programs, continuous aerobic (CAEP) vs sprint interval training (SIT), designed for seniors with ID on health-related physical fitness, cardiovascular parameters, quality of life (QoL), and emotional and cognitive function. METHODS In this trial, ninety seniors with ID between the ages of 40 and 75 yrs. from occupational health centers from the Autonomous Region of Catalonia (Spain) will be recruited. Participants will be randomly allocated to the CAEP, SIT, and control group. Both intervention groups will train 3 days/week, 1.5 h/day over 6 months. Outcome variables will be assessed at baseline, 6 months and 12 months. The outcome variables include weight, height, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, balance, flexibility, cardiovascular parameters (blood pressure, pulse-wave velocity, pulse-wave analysis), QoL and cognitive function. The intervention effect will be determined with mixed models with repeated measures to assess changes in the outcome variables over time (baseline to month 12) and between study arms. Relationship between variables will be analyzed with appropriate regression analyses. DISCUSSION Various studies reported on CAEP and SIT as exercise interventions for persons with ID with beneficial outcomes on body composition, fitness and blood pressure. To our knowledge, this is the first trial designed to analyse the positive changes on fitness, PA levels, cardiovascular, QoL and cognitive function promoted by CAEP training and SIT in seniors with ID. The findings of this study will assist in the development of more effective exercise interventions to ensure better compliance and adherence to exercise in seniors with ID. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial is registered at the ISRCTN registry. Registration number: ISRCTN43594228 . Registered 11 February 2019 - Retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo R Oviedo
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain. .,School of Health Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Casimiro Javierre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Font-Farré
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nauris Tamulevicius
- Department of Health Sciences and Human Performance, College of Natural and Health Sciences, The University of Tampa, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | - Arturo Figueroa
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport Management, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Susana Pérez-Testor
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Cabedo-Sanromá
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sarah J Moss
- Physical Activity, Sport and Recreation Research Focus Area, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | | | - Myriam Guerra-Balic
- Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Science Blanquerna, University Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
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Jones L, Stork MJ, Oliver LS. Affective responses to high-intensity interval training with continuous and respite music. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:2803-2810. [PMID: 32776861 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1801324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Music has been shown to enhance affective responses to continuous exercise, but the most effective application of music during interval exercise is poorly understood. This study examined two contrasting applications of music designed to assuage the decline in pleasure often experienced during high-intensity interval training (HIIT). In a repeated measures crossover design, 18 recreationally active participants (10 men and 8 women; M age = 25.1 ± 5.1 years; M BMI = 23.08 ± 2.01 kg/m 2; M VO2max = 38.82 ± 10.73 ml/kg/min) completed three HIIT sessions (10 x 60 s efforts at 100% Wmax, separated by 75 s recovery) on a cycle ergometer. Participants completed two experimental conditions: respite music (applied only during the recovery periods), continuous music (applied throughout the entire HIIT session); and a no-music control condition. Results indicated that music did not influence affective valence during the work bouts or recovery periods of the HIIT sessions (ps >.05), but that listening to music continuously elicited greater post-task enjoyment (p =.032, d = 0.66) and remembered pleasure (p =.044, d = 0.5). This study is the first to investigate the application of music during a practical HIIT protocol and to compare the effects of respite versus continuous music during interval exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leighton Jones
- Department of Sport and Physical Activity, Sheffield Hallam University , Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew J Stork
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia , Kelowna, Canada
| | - Liam S Oliver
- School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Queensland University of Technology , Brisbane, Australia
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Francis K, Williamson T, Kelly P, Phillips SM. Continuous walking and time- and intensity-matched interval walking: Cardiometabolic demand and post-exercise enjoyment in insufficiently active, healthy adults. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:23-30. [PMID: 32755427 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1803717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We compared cardiometabolic demand and post-exercise enjoyment between continuous walking (CW) and time- and intensity-matched interval walking (IW) in insufficiently active adults. Sixteen individuals (13 females and three males, age 25.3 ± 11.1 years) completed one CW and one IW session lasting 30 min in a randomised-counterbalanced design. For CW, participants walked at a mean intensity of 65-70% predicted maximum heart rate (HRmax). For IW, participants alternated between 3 min at 80% HRmax and 2 min at 50% HRmax. Expired gas was measured throughout each protocol. Participants rated post-exercise enjoyment following each protocol. Mean HR and V˙O2 showed small positive differences in IW vs. CW (2, 95%CL 0, 4 beat.min-1; d = 0.23, 95%CL 0.06, 0.41 and 1.4, 95%CL 1.2 ml.kg-1.min-1, d = 0.36, 95%CL 0.05, 0.65, respectively). There was a medium positive difference in overall kcal expenditure in IW vs. CW (25, 95%CL 7 kcal, d = 0.58, 95%CL 0.33, 0.82). Post-exercise enjoyment was moderately greater following IW vs. CW (9.1, 95%CL 1.4, 16.8 AU, d = 0.62, 95%CL 0.06, 0.90), with 75% of participants reporting IW as more enjoyable. Interval walking elicits meaningfully greater energy expenditure and is more enjoyable than CW in insufficiently active, healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Francis
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tom Williamson
- Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shaun M Phillips
- Human Performance Science Research Group, The University of Edinburgh , Edinburgh, UK
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Beer NJ, Dimmock JA, Jackson B, Guelfi KJ. Exercise-related factors that influence post-exercise energy intake: A psychological perspective. J Sci Med Sport 2020; 23:1068-1073. [PMID: 32546435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2020.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Exercise confers numerous health benefits; however, unhealthy, or excessive food and drink consumption post-exercise may counteract at least some of these benefits. There is emerging evidence that certain exercise-related factors, including the psychological experiences associated with different forms of exercise motivation, may influence post-exercise energy intake. Questions remain, though, about the optimal exercise characteristics that may reduce overconsumption of food/drink post-exercise. DESIGN Narrative review. METHODS In this narrative review, we overview the developing body of literature linking the psychological experiences in exercise with subsequent energy intake, focusing first on the relationship between exercise motivation and food consumption, and then on practical strategies which may be utilised to promote healthier post-exercise food choices. RESULTS Preliminary evidence suggests that psychological experiences associated with high-quality autonomous motivation for exercise may reduce subsequent energy intake. Exercise factors (both psychological and physiological in nature) that have been shown to influence post-exercise energy consumption may interact, resulting in synergistic or antagonistic effects on subsequent food and drink consumption, through mechanisms which have not been considered previously. CONCLUSIONS Exercise experiences may be shaped to promote healthier subsequent eating behaviours and future work is encouraged to enable researchers to identify combinations of exercise conditions and experiences that have the strongest influence on post-exercise food and drink consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya J Beer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia.
| | - James A Dimmock
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kym J Guelfi
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Australia
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Legrand FD, Ory E, Herring MP. Evaluation of a brief interval exercise training (IET) intervention for first-time prisoners with elevated anxiety symptoms. ANXIETY STRESS AND COPING 2020; 33:581-589. [PMID: 32436724 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2020.1768244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Background: Exercise training has a history of alleviating anxiety in various populations, but research into its effects on prison inmates is limited. Confinement to prison is a highly distressing event for those who have never experienced incarceration, which can dramatically increase anxiety-related symptoms and may exacerbate suicidal risk. Methods: Thirty-seven first-time prisoners with elevated anxiety symptoms completed the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory before and after a 6-week long treatment period consisting of interval exercise training (IET; n = 20) or no intervention (waiting-list; n = 17). Prisoners in the IET intervention had to exercise three times per week (40 min per session) under the supervision of the first and/or second author. Exercise intensity was self-monitored using the Borg's RPE-15 scale, with targets in the range 13-15 ("somewhat hard"-"hard"). Results: Those who received the IET intervention showed a significantly greater reduction in anxiety than prisoners in the waiting-list. The effect size for IET was of moderate-to-large magnitude (Cohen's d = -0.71). Conclusion: The authors conclude that the lower levels of anxiety reported following IET suggest that supervised exercise training is an effective coping strategy to deal with incarceration. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04019171.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien D Legrand
- Department of Psychology, C2S, EA 6291, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Etienne Ory
- Department of Psychology, C2S, EA 6291, Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France
| | - Matthew P Herring
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Marques M, Alves E, Henrique N, Franchini E. Positive Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Four High-Intensity Interval Exercise Protocols. Percept Mot Skills 2020; 127:742-765. [PMID: 32323607 DOI: 10.1177/0031512520918748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Several variables can be manipulated to compose high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) protocols, and these different combinations may evoke different psychological responses (affect, enjoyment, mood, and perceived exertion). This study investigated psychological responses during four HIIE protocols. Following anthropometric measurements and two maximal exercise tests, 23 physically inactive adults (11 males [Mage = 25.6, SD = 4.8 years; Mbody mass = 68.5, SD = 12.2 kg; Mheight = 1.72, SD = 0.08 m] and 12 females [Mage = 25.0, SD = 3.5 years; Mbody mass = 57.2, SD = 8.7 kg; Mheight = 1.59, SD = 0.06 m]) performed four different types of HIIE on different days: (a) Long-interval HIIE (HIIEL-10 × 60 seconds:60 seconds), (b) Short-interval HIIE (HIIES-2 blocks of 10 × 30 seconds:30 seconds with 120 seconds between blocks), (c) Repeated Sprint Training (19 × 6 seconds all out:40 seconds), and (d) Sprint Interval Training (4 × 30 seconds all-out efforts: 240 seconds). We used a final session to assess participants' HIIE preference. We recorded participant reports of affect, mood, and perceived exertion throughout protocols, and we recorded enjoyment after exercise session. Perceived exertion significantly increased across all HIIE protocols (p < .001), with higher values in the first quartile during Sprint Interval Training versus HIIEL (p = .033). Affective response presented higher values pre-exercise and at the first quartile compared with all other moments (p < .001). Tension (p < .001) and depression (p = .013) decreased from pre- to post-exercise in all experimental conditions. At pre-exercise, female participants were tenser than males (p = .018), though males presented higher pre-exercise vigor scores than females (p = .023). Vigor increased over time for females (p = .022). Enjoyment did not vary between sexes or protocols. Participants expressed a higher preference for Repeated Sprint Training. HIIE protocols promoted positive psychological responses for physically inactive young adults, and exercise designs may modulate psychological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Marques
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
| | - Elaine Alves
- Department of Human Movement Pedagogy, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
| | - Nayana Henrique
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
| | - Emerson Franchini
- Department of Sport, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo
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63
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Eather N, Beauchamp MR, Rhodes RE, Diallo TMO, Smith JJ, Jung ME, Plotnikoff RC, Noetel M, Harris N, Graham E, Lubans DR. Development and Evaluation of the High-Intensity Interval Training Self-Efficacy Questionnaire. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 42:114-122. [PMID: 32150720 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study involved the design and evaluation of the High-Intensity Interval Training Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (HIIT-SQ). Phase 1: Questionnaire items were developed. Phase 2: Australian adolescents (N = 389, 16.0 ± 0.4 years, 41.10% female) completed the HIIT-SQ, and factorial validity of the measurement model was explored. Phase 3: Adolescents (N = 100, age 12-14 years, 44% female) completed the HIIT-SQ twice (1 week apart) to evaluate test-retest reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis of the final six items (mean = 3.43-6.73, SD = 0.99-25.30) revealed adequate fit, χ2(21) = 21, p = .01, comparative fit index = .99, Tucker-Lewis index = .99, root mean square of approximation = .07, 90% confidence interval [.04, .11]. Factor loading estimates showed that all items were highly related to the factor (estimates range: 0.81-0.90). Intraclass coefficients and typical error values were .99 (95% confidence interval [.99, 1.00]) and .22, respectively. This study provides preliminary evidence for the validity and reliability of scores derived from the HIIT-SQ in adolescents.
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Santos A, Lonsdale C, Lubans D, Vasconcellos D, Kapsal N, Vis-Dunbar M, Jung ME. Rates of compliance and adherence to high-intensity interval training in insufficiently active adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. Syst Rev 2020; 9:56. [PMID: 32183892 PMCID: PMC7077158 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-020-01301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training demonstrate beneficial physiological outcomes for active and insufficiently active populations. However, it remains unclear whether compliance to exercise in supervised settings translates to long-term adherence to physical activity in real-world, unstructured environments. To our knowledge, no comprehensive review is available on compliance and/or adherence rates to either modes of exercise for insufficiently active individuals. Furthermore, it is unclear which training modality insufficiently active individuals comply and/or adhere more readily to. Based on these gaps, the following two questions will be addressed: (1) What are compliance and adherence rates to high-intensity interval training for insufficiently active adults aged 18-65 years and (2) How do compliance and adherence rates differ between high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training? METHODS Both observational and experimental studies that report on compliance and/or adherence rates to high-intensity interval training will be included. Relevant studies will be retrieved from Medline, EMBASE, PsychINFO, SPORTDiscus, CINAHL, and Web of Science using a pre-specified search strategy. Pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used by two independent researchers to determine eligible studies. Of those meeting the inclusion criteria, data extraction and narrative synthesis will be completed, and where applicable, random-effects meta-analyses will be computed to compare compliance and adherence rates between high-intensity interval training and moderate-intensity continuous training. Meta-regressions and sensitivity analyses will be used to further explore factors that could influence aggregate effect sizes. Risk of bias will be assessed using established tools by the Cochrane association, and quality assessment of the cumulative evidence will be assessed using the GRADE approach. DISCUSSION Results from this study may have the potential to inform future physical activity recommendations and guidelines on the ideal mode of exercise for the general population. This review will add to the body of literature on the feasibility of high-intensity interval training for an insufficiently active population, conclusively addressing the ongoing debate of whether it is an appropriate exercise choice for this demographic. With this new information, individuals working towards a healthier lifestyle through physical activity engagement may be better equipped to make an evidence-based decision. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION This review has been registered in the PROSPERO database and assigned the identifier CRD42019103313.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Santos
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia–Okanagan Campus, UCH106–1238 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V-1V9 Canada
| | - Chris Lonsdale
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia
| | - David Lubans
- School of Education, University of Newcastle Australia, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Diego Vasconcellos
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia
| | - Nathanial Kapsal
- Institute for Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, North Sydney, Australia
| | - Mathew Vis-Dunbar
- Library, University of British Columbia–Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Mary E. Jung
- Faculty of Health and Social Development, University of British Columbia–Okanagan Campus, UCH106–1238 Discovery Avenue, Kelowna, BC V1V-1V9 Canada
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Price KJ, Gordon BA, Bird SR, Benson AC. Acute cardiovascular responses to interval exercise: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Sports Sci 2020; 38:970-984. [PMID: 32154760 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1737395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interval exercise training is increasingly recommended to improve health and fitness; however, it is not known if cardiovascular risk is different from continuous exercise protocols. This systematic review with meta-analyses assessed the effect of a single bout of interval exercise on cardiovascular responses that indicate risk of cardiac fibrillation and infarction compared to continuous exercise. Electronic databases Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane were searched. Key inclusion criteria were: (1) intervals of the same intensity and duration followed by a recovery period and (2) reporting at least one of blood pressure, heart rate variability, arterial stiffness or function. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and GRADE approach were used. Meta-analyses found that systolic blood pressure responses to interval exercise did not differ from responses to continuous exercise immediately (MD 8 mmHg [95% CI -32, 47], p = 0.71) or at 60 min following exercise (MD 0 mmHg [95% CI -2, 1], p = 0.79). However, reductions in diastolic blood pressure and flow-mediated dilation with interval exercise were observed 10-15 min post-exercise. The available evidence indicates that interval exercise does not convey higher cardiovascular risk than continuous exercise. Further investigation is required to establish the safety of interval exercise for clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kym Joanne Price
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brett Ashley Gordon
- Holsworth Research Initiative, La Trobe Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Bendigo, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen Richard Bird
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Clare Benson
- Department of Health and Medical Sciences, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Roloff ZA, Dicks ND, Krynski LM, Hartman ME, Ekkekakis P, Pettitt RW. Ratings of affective valence closely track changes in oxygen uptake: Application to high-intensity interval exercise. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.peh.2020.100158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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67
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Niven A, Laird Y, Saunders DH, Phillips SM. A systematic review and meta-analysis of affective responses to acute high intensity interval exercise compared with continuous moderate- and high-Intensity exercise. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 15:540-573. [PMID: 32067574 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1728564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is evidence for the physical health benefits of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE), but its public health potential has been challenged. It is purported that compared with moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) the high intensity nature of HIIE may lead to negative affective responses. This systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42017058203) addressed this proposition and synthesised research that compares affective responses to HIIE with MICE and vigorous intensity continuous exercise (VICE), during-, end-, and post-exercise. Searches were conducted on five databases, and findings from 33 studies were meta-analysed using random effects models or narratively synthesised. A meta-analysis of affect showed a significant effect in favour of MICE vs HIIE at the lowest point, during and post-exercise, but not at end, and the narrative synthesis supported this for other affective outcomes. Differences on affect between VICE vs HIIE were limited. Pooled data showed arousal levels were consistently higher during HIIE. For enjoyment there was a significant effect in favour of HIIE vs MICE, no difference for HIIE vs VICE at post-exercise, and mixed findings for during-exercise. Although the findings are clouded by methodological issues they indicate that compared to MICE, HIIE is experienced less positively but post-exercise is reported to be more enjoyable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailsa Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Yvonne Laird
- Scottish Collaboration for Public Health Research and Policy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David H Saunders
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Shaun M Phillips
- Human Performance Science Research Group, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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68
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Affective and Enjoyment Responses to Short-Term High-Intensity Interval Training with Low-Carbohydrate Diet in Overweight Young Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12020442. [PMID: 32050648 PMCID: PMC7071177 DOI: 10.3390/nu12020442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate diets (LCs) seem effective on weight reduction and maintenance. However, the affect and enjoyment of exercise during LCs is not clear. The purpose of the present study was to compare the psychological responses to high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) during the consumption of a 4-week LC diet in overweight young women. With LCs (~10% carbohydrate, 65%–70% fat, 20%–25% protein), forty-three eligible women (age: 20.9 ± 3.1 years; body weight: 65.8 ± 8.2 kg) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: HIIT (10 sets of 6 s all-out cycling interspersed with 9 s of rest), MICT (30 min cycling at 50%–60% of peak oxygen consumption, V̇O2peak) or no-exercise controls (CON). Anthropometric indices and V̇O2peak were measured pre- and post-training. Feeling Scale (FS), Felt Arousal Scale (FAS), Exercise Enjoyment Scale (EES), and Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) scores were collected before and immediately after each training session throughout the study. After intervention, all three groups reduced by more than 2.5 kg of body weight whereas both exercise groups improved ~15% V̇O2peak. Participants in the HIIT and MICT group exhibited similar affect points as indicated by FS and FAS. Post-exercise enjoyment scores in PACES were lower in HIIT (73–78 points) than MICT (83–87 points) despite similarly positive responses being observed in EES (corresponding to ~4 points of a 7-point scale). Short-term LCs were effective in weight loss and exercise training had an additive improvement on cardiorespiratory fitness. The overweight young women had similar affect valence, arousal levels, and comparable pleasurable feelings to HIIT and MICT with LCs. Furthermore, as indicated by PACES, MICT was more enjoyable which may elicit better adherence, whereas HIIT with LCs seems to be more arduous despite its time-efficiency.
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69
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Beer NJ, Dimmock JA, Jackson B, Guelfi KJ. Interactions of sprint interval exercise and psychological need-support on subsequent food intake among physically inactive men and women. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2020; 45:835-844. [PMID: 32017599 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of sprint interval training (SIT) and psychological need-support in exercise on postexercise appetite and energy intake. Forty physically inactive men and women (body mass index, 24.6 ± 4.8 kg·m-2; peak oxygen consumption, 26.6 ± 4.9 mL·kg-1·min-1) were randomised to either a need-support or no-support condition, with each participant completing 2 experimental trials involving 30 min of moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT; 60% peak oxygen consumption) and SIT (alternating 15 s at 170% peak oxygen consumption and 60 s at 32% peak oxygen consumption) matched for total work. Perceptions of appetite and appetite-related blood variables were assessed, together with ad libitum energy intake for 3 h following exercise using a laboratory test meal and available snacks. Greater enjoyment, perceived exertion, heart rate, and blood lactate were observed in SIT compared with MICT (all p ≤ 0.006). Ratings of perceived appetite were similar across conditions and trials (p > 0.05); however, active ghrelin was lower following SIT compared with MICT (p < 0.001), and there was a significant condition-by-type interaction for energy intake (p = 0.033), with participants in the support group consuming less energy from foods following SIT (1895 ± 1040 kJ) than MICT (2475 ± 1192 kJ). Findings from this work highlight the need to reconsider traditional exercise guidelines where dietary intake is a concern. Novelty Enjoyment was greater during SIT compared with MICT. Enjoyment and choice were higher among participants provided with psychological need-support. In a need-supportive environment, SIT reduced subsequent energy intake compared with MICT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya J Beer
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - James A Dimmock
- Department of Psychology, College of Healthcare Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Ben Jackson
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Kym J Guelfi
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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Fleming AR, Martinez N, Collins LH, Ashley CD, Chiodini M, Waddell BJ, Kilpatrick MW. Psychological Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training: A Comparison of Graded Walking and Ungraded Running at Equivalent Metabolic Loads. JOURNAL OF SPORT & EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY 2020; 42:70-81. [PMID: 32005007 DOI: 10.1123/jsep.2019-0200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is highly beneficial for health and fitness and is well tolerated. Treadmill-based HIIT normally includes running interspersed with walking. The purpose of this study was to compare ungraded running and graded walking HIIT on perceived exertion, affective valence, and enjoyment. Thirty-four active, healthy adults completed maximal testing and two 20-min HIIT trials alternating between 85% of VO2peak and a comfortable walking speed. Affective valence, enjoyment, and perceived exertion, both overall (ratings of perceived exertion [RPE]-O) and legs only (RPE-L), were measured. RPE-O and affective valence were similar between HIIT trials (p > .05), RPE-L was higher for walk HIIT (p < .05), and enjoyment was higher for run HIIT (p < .05). Findings indicate that both walk and run HIIT produce exertion, affective, and enjoyment responses that are positive and possibly supportive of exercise behavior. Walk HIIT may be desirable for individuals who are unable or do not want to run.
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71
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Thiel A, Sudeck G, Gropper H, Maturana FM, Schubert T, Srismith D, Widmann M, Behrens S, Martus P, Munz B, Giel K, Zipfel S, Nieß AM. The iReAct study - A biopsychosocial analysis of the individual response to physical activity. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2019; 17:100508. [PMID: 31890988 PMCID: PMC6928277 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical activity is a substantial promoter for health and well-being. Yet, while an increasing number of studies shows that the responsiveness to physical activity is highly individual, most studies focus this issue from only one perspective and neglect other contributing aspects. In reference to a biopsychosocial framework, the goal of our study is to examine how physically inactive individuals respond to two distinct standardized endurance trainings on various levels. Based on an assessment of activity- and health-related biographical experiences across the life course, our mixed-method study analyzes the responsiveness to physical activity in the form of a transdisciplinary approach, considering physiological, epigenetic, motivational, affective, and body image-related aspects. Methods Participants are randomly assigned to two different training programs (High Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate Intensity Continuous Training) for six weeks. After this first training period, participants switch training modes according to a two-period sequential-training-intervention (STI) design and train for another six weeks. In order to analyse baseline characteristics as well as acute and adaptive biopsychosocial responses, three extensive mixed-methods diagnostic blocks take place at the beginning (t0) of the study and after the first (t1) and the second (t2) training period resulting in a net follow-up time of 15 weeks. The study is divided into five modules in order to cover a wide array of perspectives. Discussion The study's transdisciplinary mixed-method design allows to interlace a multitude of subjective and objective data and therefore to draw an integrated picture of the biopsychosocial efficacy of two distinct physical activity programs. The results of our study can be expected to contribute to the development and design of individualised training programs for the promotion of physical activity. Trial registration The study was retrospectively registered in the German Clinical Trials Register on 12 June 2019 (DRKS00017446).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansgar Thiel
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorden Sudeck
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hannes Gropper
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Felipe Mattioni Maturana
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tanja Schubert
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Duangkamol Srismith
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of Perceiving Systems, Tübingen, Germany.,Graduate Training Centre of Neuroscience, International Max Planck Research School, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Manuel Widmann
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Simone Behrens
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Department of Perceiving Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Munz
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Giel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine & Psychotherapy, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Michael Nieß
- Department of Sports Medicine, Medical University Hospital Tübingen, Germany.,Interfaculty Research Institute for Sport and Physical Activity, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
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Islam H, Siemens TL, Matusiak JBL, Sawula L, Bonafiglia JT, Preobrazenski N, Jung ME, Gurd BJ. Cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance responses immediately and 2 months after a whole-body Tabata or vigorous-intensity continuous training intervention. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 45:650-658. [PMID: 31782930 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2019-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Young adults (52 females, 16 males; age = 21 ± 3 years; V̇O2peak: 41 ± 6 mL/(kg·min)) were randomized into 3 groups: (i) no-exercise control (CTL; n = 15), (ii) Tabata (n = 27), or (iii) vigorous-intensity continuous training (VICT; n = 26) groups for a 4-week supervised training period (4 sessions/week). V̇O2peak, time-to-fatigue (TTF), 5 km time-trial performance (TT), and muscular endurance were assessed at baseline, post-training (POST), and 2-month follow-up (FU). Response confidence intervals (CI) were used to classify individuals as likely responders (R; CI > 0). Both exercise interventions increased TTF and TT at POST (both p < 0.01), but these benefits were maintained at FU after VICT only (p < 0.01). Push-up performance was increased at POST and FU (both p < 0.01) after Tabata. VICT resulted in a greater proportion of TTF R versus both groups at POST (CTL: 1/15; VICT: 19/26; Tabata: 9/27) and versus Tabata at FU (3/15; 13/26; 4/27). VICT also had a greater proportion of TT R versus CTL at POST (2/15; 17/26; 10/27). Tabata had a greater proportion of R for maximum push-up repetitions versus both groups at POST (3/15; 6/26; 18/27) and versus CTL at FU (2/15; 10/26; 18/27). Collectively, VICT appears to be more effective for improving cardiorespiratory fitness, whereas whole-body Tabata confers larger improvements in push-up performance following short-term training. Novelty: Vigorous-intensity continuous training elicits larger improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness versus whole-body Tabata. Individual response profiles parallel group-level changes in cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hashim Islam
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Tina L Siemens
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jennifer B L Matusiak
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Laura Sawula
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Jacob T Bonafiglia
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Nicholas Preobrazenski
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, The University of British Columbia Okanagan, 1147 Research Road, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Brendon J Gurd
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen's University, 28 Division Street, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
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Craighead DH, Heinbockel TC, Hamilton MN, Bailey EF, MacDonald MJ, Gibala MJ, Seals DR. Time-efficient physical training for enhancing cardiovascular function in midlife and older adults: promise and current research gaps. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1427-1440. [PMID: 31556835 PMCID: PMC10205162 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00381.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the leading cause of death in developed societies, and "midlife" (50-64 yr) and older (65+) men and women bear the great majority of the burden of CVD. Much of the increased risk of CVD in this population is attributable to CV dysfunction, including adverse changes in the structure and function of the heart, increased systolic blood pressure, and arterial dysfunction. The latter is characterized by increased arterial stiffness and vascular endothelial dysfunction. Conventional aerobic exercise training, as generally recommended in public health guidelines, is an effective strategy to preserve or improve CV function with aging. However, <40% of midlife and older adults meet aerobic exercise guidelines, due in part to time availability-related barriers. As such, there is a need to develop evidence-based time-efficient exercise interventions that promote adherence and optimize CV function in these groups. Two promising interventions that may meet these criteria are interval training and inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST). Limited research suggests these modes of training may improve CV function with time commitments of ≤60 min/wk. This review will summarize the current evidence for interval training and IMST to improve CV function in midlife/older adults and identify key research gaps and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Craighead
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Thomas C Heinbockel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Makinzie N Hamilton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
| | - E Fiona Bailey
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona College of Medicine, Tucson, Arizona
| | | | - Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Douglas R Seals
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado
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Keech A, Holgate K, Fildes J, Indraratna P, Cummins L, Lewis C, Yu J. High-intensity interval training for patients with coronary artery disease: Finding the optimal balance. Int J Cardiol 2019; 298:8-14. [PMID: 31648826 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2019.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal characteristics of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) within cardiac rehabilitation (CR) are unclear. We assessed a HIIT protocol designed to balance patient safety, efficacy and enjoyment. METHODS Twenty-nine patients with CAD completed 6-weeks (× 2 sessions per week) of HIIT within outpatient (phase 2) CR. HIIT comprised 15 repetitions × 30-seconds cycling at ∼85-90% maximum heart rate, interspersed with 30-seconds of active recovery. Key outcomes covered patient safety, efficacy (peak aerobic capacity, body composition, blood pressure and vascular function), and patient adherence and enjoyment. RESULTS No cardiovascular-related adverse events were reported in relation to HIIT sessions. Patients showed significant improvement in peak aerobic capacity (mean +12%, p < 0.001, effect size d = 0.38), blood pressure (brachial systolic -7mmHg, p < 0.001, d = -0.59) and total body fat (-4%, p < 0.001, d = -0.49). Central adaptations were prominent (aortic systolic BP -5mmHg, p = 0.001, d = -0.50; visceral fat -10%, p = 0.001, d = -0.41). Patient enjoyment of training was high (5.5 out of 7 using the Exercise Enjoyment Scale) and measures of affective state improved following training (assorted p < 0.018). CONCLUSIONS This HIIT protocol appears safe, effective and enjoyable for patients with CAD within CR. Improved aerobic fitness, blood pressure and body fat levels were observed indicating improved cardiovascular-risk. High patient enjoyment and improved mood suggest the HIIT could be sustainable for patients in the longer-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Keech
- Department of Exercise Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Katie Holgate
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Fildes
- Cardiac Rehabilitation, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Praveen Indraratna
- Department of Cardiology, Prince of Wales Hospital and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Leigh Cummins
- Department of Cardiology, Prince of Wales Hospital and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Chaminda Lewis
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Prince of Wales Hospital and the Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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75
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HIITing Health in School: Can High Intensity Interval Training Be a Useful and Reliable Tool for Health on a School-Based Enviroment? A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCHOOL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/intjsh.89829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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76
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Current Concepts in Healthy Aging and Physical Activity: A Viewpoint. J Aging Phys Act 2019; 27:755-761. [PMID: 30747553 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2018-0208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity plays an important role for achieving healthy aging by promoting independence and increasing the quality of life. However, current guidelines for physical activity in older adults may be difficult to achieve in an older population. Indeed, there is evidence to suggest that increasing exercise intensity in older adults may be associated with greater reductions in the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality. Therefore, the idea prescribing high-intensity exercise protocols such as high-intensity interval training and high-intensity resistance training becomes an intriguing strategy for healthy aging. Collectively, the literature review in this viewpoint will briefly focus on summarizing alternative/novel time-efficient approaches in physical activity toward healthy aging. Our goal is to hopefully open a discussion on possibly revising the current physical activity guidelines in older adults.
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77
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Mcleod JC, Diana H, Hicks AL. Sprint interval training versus moderate-intensity continuous training during inpatient rehabilitation after spinal cord injury: a randomized trial. Spinal Cord 2019; 58:106-115. [DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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78
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Rebsamen S, Knols RH, Pfister PB, de Bruin ED. Exergame-Driven High-Intensity Interval Training in Untrained Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Formative One Group Quasi- Experimental Feasibility Trial. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1019. [PMID: 31440168 PMCID: PMC6693477 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the feasibility of an exergame-driven high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and its effects on cardiovascular fitness in untrained community dwelling older adults. Methods Twelve older participants [10 women, age 72.3 (SD: 4.44) years] performed a high-intensity interval exergame intervention three times a week for 4 weeks. Data was acquired during two baseline and one final measurement. Feasibility outcomes included attrition, adherence, acceptability [Technology Acceptance Model Questionnaire (TAM)], usability [System Usability Scale (SUS)], and enjoyment of exergaming. Furthermore, participants' physical activity levels pre and post intervention were compared to physical activity levels for similar types of training. The secondary outcome was exercise capacity [heart rate at rest (HRrest), heart rate variability (HRV), maximum heart rate (HRmax), and maximum workload (W, in watt)] evaluated through maximal exercise testing. Results Eleven participants completed the study (8% attrition), without any adverse events. Adherence to the HIIT intervention was 91% and participants showed high acceptance of the intervention with TAM scores between 5.8 and 6.7 points. User satisfaction was rated as excellent (SUS total score: 93.5 of 100) and the overall enjoyment of exergaming scored 4.5 of 5 possible points. Total exercise time ranged from 19 to 35 min with a mean of 30.8 (SD: 3.6) min. Actual high-intensity exercise time showed consistency with the target exercise time in 98% percent of trainings. Eighty-six percent of high-intensity intervals met the targeted intensity range (>70-90% of HRmax). Thirty-six percent of the recovery periods were completed with a heart rate above the target range of 50-70% of HRmax. Maximum workload (W) during the incremental exercise test post-training increased significantly compared to the baseline measurements one and two (p = 0.032, effect size r = 0.77 and p = 0.012, r = 0.87). Conclusion High-intensity interval training through exergaming is feasible, safe, and shows high usability and acceptance in community dwelling older people. Exergame-driven HIIT had a significant effect on maximum power output on an incremental exercise test. A more extensive exergame intervention period, higher work to recovery ratios as well as a higher-intensity activity should be considered in future projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Rebsamen
- Directorate of Research and Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiotherapy, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Winterthur, Switzerland.,Institute of Physiotherapy, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Ruud H Knols
- Directorate of Research and Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierrette Baschung Pfister
- Directorate of Research and Education, Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Research Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eling D de Bruin
- Institute of Human Movement Sciences and Sport, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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79
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Moreau D, Chou E. The Acute Effect of High-Intensity Exercise on Executive Function: A Meta-Analysis. PERSPECTIVES ON PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2019; 14:734-764. [DOI: 10.1177/1745691619850568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High-intensity exercise has recently emerged as a potent alternative to aerobic regimens, with ramifications for health and brain function. As part of this trend, single sessions of intense exercise have been proposed as powerful, noninvasive means for transiently enhancing cognition. However, findings in this field remain mixed, and a thorough synthesis of the evidence is lacking. Here, we synthesized the literature in a meta-analysis of the acute effect of high-intensity exercise on executive function. We included a total of 1,177 participants and 147 effect sizes across 28 studies and found a small facilitating effect ( d = 0.24) of high-intensity exercise on executive function. However, this effect was significant only compared with rest ( d = 0.34); it was not significant when high-intensity exercise was compared with low-to-moderate intensity exercise ( d = 0.07). This suggests that intense and moderate exercise affect executive function in a comparable manner. We tested a number of moderators that together explained a significant proportion of the between-studies variance. Overall, our findings indicate that high-intensity cardiovascular exercise might be a viable alternative for eliciting acute cognitive gains. We discuss the potential of this line of research, identify a number of challenges and limitations it faces, and propose applications to individuals, society, and policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreau
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland
- Centre for Brain Research, The University of Auckland
| | - Edward Chou
- School of Psychology, The University of Auckland
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80
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Winett RA, Ogletree AM. Evidence-Based, High-Intensity Exercise and Physical Activity for Compressing Morbidity in Older Adults: A Narrative Review. Innov Aging 2019; 3:igz020. [PMID: 31380470 PMCID: PMC6658199 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research in exercise science has important applications for middle-aged and older adults and points to how the programming of individual and multicomponent interventions including theory-based health behavior change strategies may be improved to compress morbidity by delaying or reducing the disabling process. High-intensity interval training and sprint interval training until recently were seen as only applicable to athletes. But recent lab-based research has adapted these interventions for even older adults and demonstrated their safety with beneficial outcomes on cardiometabolic risk factors comparable to or surpassing the usual lower- to moderate-intensity endurance training, and their potential translatability by showing the efficacy of much lower duration and frequency of training, even by systematic stair climbing. Moreover, people report positive affect while engaged in such training. For a century, resistance training was conceived as weightlifting with heavy weights required. Recent research has shown that using a higher degree of effort with lighter to moderate resistance in simple, time efficient protocols result in gains in strength and muscle mass similar to heavy resistance, as well as improvement of cardiometabolic risk factors, strength, body composition, and cognitive, affective, and functional abilities. More effort-based resistance training with moderate resistance may make resistance training more appealing and accessible to older adults. A key potential translational finding is that with correct technique and a high degree of effort, training with inexpensive, portable elastic bands, useable virtually anywhere, can provide appreciable benefits. More emphasis should be placed on long-term, translational interventions, resources, and programs that integrate interval and resistance trainings. This work may improve public health programs for middle-aged and older adults and reflects an emerging evidence base.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron M Ogletree
- Health Research and Evaluation, American Institutes for Research, Washington, District of Columbia
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81
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Marin DP, Astorino TA, Martinatto F, Ragazzini FT, Bispo RE, Foschini D, Otton R. Comparison of perceptual responses between different upper-body sprint interval exercise protocols. Physiol Behav 2019; 210:112626. [PMID: 31344392 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the perceptual responses to various upper-body sprint interval exercise (SIE) protocols matched for total work and work/rest ratio. Fourteen active men (24 ± 4 years, BMI = 26.2 ± 2.7 kg/m2, body fat = 11.5 ± 4.4%) participated in 3 all-out SIE protocols consisting of battling rope exercise: P10:30 (12 × 10-s bouts with 30-s recovery); P15:45 (8 × 15-s bouts with 45 s recovery); and P30:90 (4 × 30-s bouts with 90-s recovery). During exercise, affective valence (FS +5 to -5), arousal (FAS 1-6), rating of perceived exertion (RPE 6-20), and heart rate (HR) were assessed. Post-exercise, enjoyment, self-efficacy, and intentions were measured. Results revealed a significant decline in FS (p = .02; partial eta squared [η2p] = 0.27) and a progressive increase in FAS (p = .001; η2p = 0.86), RPE (p = .001; η2p = 0.88), and HR (p = .001; η2p = 0.94), but no protocol X time interaction. Affective valence reached a nadir at values equal to -0.36 ± 3.41 (Cohen's d = -0.49), -0.43 ± 3.75 (Cohen's d = -0.44), and - 0.93 ± 3.49 (Cohen's d = -0.56) in response to P10:30, P15:45, and P30:90, respectively. There were no differences between protocols for enjoyment, intention, or self-efficacy. A negative relationship exhibited between FS and RPE was moderated by participants' tolerance of exercise intensity (β = 1.84, p < .05). Further, the association between FS and future intention was mediated by self-efficacy. Overall, upper-body SIE protocols exhibit similar perceptual responses when volume and work to rest ratio (1:3) are matched. Tolerance of exercise intensity may be used to predict changes in FS during SIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Popp Marin
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Science, CBS, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil; Graduation Program in Physical Education, Methodist University of São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Felipe Martinatto
- Graduation Program in Physical Education, Methodist University of São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Filipe Teixeira Ragazzini
- Graduation Program in Physical Education, Methodist University of São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Eduardo Bispo
- Graduation Program in Physical Education, Methodist University of São Paulo, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denis Foschini
- Post-graduate program in Food, Nutrition and Health, Federal University of São Paulo, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Rosemari Otton
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Science, CBS, Cruzeiro do Sul University, São Paulo, Brazil.
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82
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Dowd AJ, Kronlund L, Parmar C, Daun JT, Wytsma-Fisher K, Reimer RA, Millet GY, Culos-Reed SN. A 12-Week Pilot Exercise Program for Inactive Adults With Celiac Disease: Study Protocol. Glob Adv Health Med 2019; 8:2164956119853777. [PMID: 31218116 PMCID: PMC6563390 DOI: 10.1177/2164956119853777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Individuals with celiac disease must follow a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) in order to avoid negative short- and long-term health consequences. Unfortunately, many people with celiac disease report poor quality of life (QoL) despite following a strict GFD, and up to 30% still report negative symptoms (eg, gastrointestinal upset). Purpose The purpose of the MOVE-C (understanding the relationship between the MicrobiOme, Vitality, and Exercise in Celiac disease) pilot study is to explore the effects of a 12-week supervised progressive high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and lifestyle intervention on physiological, behavioral, and psychosocial outcomes among inactive adults with celiac disease. Methods/Design: Sixty inactive adults diagnosed with celiac disease will be randomized to HIIT+ or waitlist control (WLC). Participants in the HIIT+ will engage in a 12-week HIIT + lifestyle education program. HIIT sessions will be comprised of 2 workouts per week, working up to 14 × 30-second intervals at 90% maximal heart rate (HRmax) followed by 2 minutes recovery at 50% HRmax. The 6 biweekly lifestyle sessions will involve education on the promotion of a whole foods GFD, sleep hygiene, psychosocial coping skills (eg, self-compassion), and self-regulatory skills to master changes in behaviors. Assessments will occur at pre and post 12-week intervention and 3-month follow-up. WLC participants will be offered a 12-week HIIT program + online lifestyle education sessions after completing the final assessment. The primary outcomes are QoL and gut microbiota composition assessed with 16S rRNA sequencing. The secondary outcomes are markers of metabolic syndrome (waist circumference, fasting glucose, serum lipids, blood pressure, and body composition), gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep quality, adherence to a GFD, exercise behavior, self-regulatory efficacy, and self-compassion. It is hypothesized that participants in the HIIT+ will experience improvements in all outcomes when compared to those in the WLC. These improvements are expected to be maintained at the 3-month follow-up. Discussion The findings from this study will advance the knowledge regarding the effects of HIIT and lifestyle education on key outcomes for an at-risk chronic disease population. Furthermore, the findings can be used to inform future programs to improve fitness and physical and mental health outcomes for people with celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Justine Dowd
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Liam Kronlund
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Candice Parmar
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Julia T Daun
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Raylene A Reimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - S Nicole Culos-Reed
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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83
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Kriel Y, Askew CD, Solomon C. Sprint interval exercise versus continuous moderate intensity exercise: acute effects on tissue oxygenation, blood pressure and enjoyment in 18-30 year old inactive men. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7077. [PMID: 31211019 PMCID: PMC6557258 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sprint interval training (SIT) can be as effective, or more effective, than continuous moderate intensity exercise (CMIE) for improving a primary risk factor for cardiometabolic disease, low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, there has been no direct comparison in inactive individuals, of the acute effects of a session of SIT with a work-matched session of CMIE on local oxygen utilisation, which is a primary stimulus for increasing CRF. Furthermore, post-exercise blood pressure (BP) and enjoyment, if symptomatic and low, respectively, have implications for safety and adherence to exercise and have not been compared between these specific conditions. It was hypothesised that in young inactive men, local oxygen utilisation would be higher, while post-exercise BP and enjoyment would be lower for SIT, when compared to CMIE. METHODS A total of 11 inactive men (mean ± SD; age 23 ± 4 years) completed a maximal ramp-incremental exercise test followed by two experiment conditions: (1) SIT and (2) work-matched CMIE on a cycle ergometer on separate days. Deoxygenated haemoglobin (∆HHb) in the pre-frontal cortex (FH), gastrocnemius (GN), left vastus lateralis (LVL) and the right vastus lateralis (RVL) muscles, systemic oxygen utilisation (VO2), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure and physical activity enjoyment scale (PACES) were measured during the experiment conditions. RESULTS During SIT, compared to CMIE, ∆HHb in FH (p = 0.016) and GN (p = 0.001) was higher, while PACES (p = 0.032) and DBP (p = 0.043) were lower. No differences in SBP and ∆HHb in LVL and RVL were found between conditions. CONCLUSIONS In young inactive men, higher levels of physiological stress occurred during SIT, which potentially contributed to lower levels of post-exercise DBP and enjoyment, when compared to CMIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Kriel
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Christopher D. Askew
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
| | - Colin Solomon
- School of Health and Sports Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, Australia
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84
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Campbell WW, Kraus WE, Powell KE, Haskell WL, Janz KF, Jakicic JM, Troiano RP, Sprow K, Torres A, Piercy KL, Bartlett DB. High-Intensity Interval Training for Cardiometabolic Disease Prevention. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 51:1220-1226. [PMID: 31095079 PMCID: PMC6777577 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee systematically searched existing literature reviews to assess the relationship between high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and reduction in cardiometabolic disease risk. METHODS Duplicate independent screenings of 260 articles identified from PubMed®, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL databases yielded suitable data from one systematic review and two meta-analyses. Search terms included a combination of "high intensity" "physical activity/exercise" and "interval training" and outcome-specific terms. The quality of the included reviews was assessed using a tailored version of the AMSTARExBP report on quality. Exposure Subcommittee members graded scientific evidence strength based on a five-criteria rubric and assigned one of four grades: strong, moderate, limited, or not assignable. RESULTS Moderate evidence indicates that HIIT can improve insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition in adults with group mean ages ranging from ~20 to ~77 yr. These HIIT-induced improvements in cardiometabolic disease risk factors are comparable with those resulting from moderate-intensity continuous training, and they are more likely to occur in adults at higher risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes than in healthy adults. Moderate evidence also indicates that adults with overweight or obesity classification are more responsive than adults with normal weight to HIIT-related improvements in insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition. Insufficient evidence was available to determine whether a dose-response relationship exists between the quantity of HIIT performed and several risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes, or whether the effects of HIIT on cardiometabolic disease risk factors are influenced by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS HIIT by adults, especially those with overweight and obesity classification, can improve insulin sensitivity, blood pressure, and body composition, comparable with those resulting from moderate-intensity continuous training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne W. Campbell
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | | | | | - Kathleen F. Janz
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John M. Jakicic
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Richard P. Troiano
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | - Kyle Sprow
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
| | | | - Katrina L. Piercy
- Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Rockville, MD
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85
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Dela F, Ingersen A, Andersen NB, Nielsen MB, Petersen HHH, Hansen CN, Larsen S, Wojtaszewski J, Helge JW. Effects of one-legged high-intensity interval training on insulin-mediated skeletal muscle glucose homeostasis in patients with type 2 diabetes. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 226:e13245. [PMID: 30585698 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM To examine the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on glucose clearance rates in skeletal muscle and explore the mechanism within the muscle. METHODS Ten males with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and ten matched healthy subjects performed 2 weeks of one-legged HIIT (total of eight sessions, each comprised of 10 × 1 minute ergometer bicycle exercise at >80% of maximal heart rate, interspersed with one min of rest). Insulin sensitivity was assessed by an isoglycaemic, hyperinsulinaemic clamp combined with arteriovenous leg balance technique of the trained (T) and the untrained (UT) leg and muscle biopsies of both legs. RESULTS Insulin-stimulated glucose clearance in T legs was ~30% higher compared with UT legs in both groups due to increased blood flow in T vs UT legs and maintained glucose extraction. With each training session, muscle glycogen content decreased only in the training leg, and after the training, glycogen synthase and citrate synthase activities were higher in T vs UT legs. No major changes occurred in the expression of proteins in the insulin signalling cascade. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity was similar in T2DM and healthy subjects, and unchanged by HIIT. CONCLUSION HIIT improves skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity. With HIIT, the skeletal muscle of patients with T2DM becomes just as insulin sensitive as untrained muscle in healthy subjects. The mechanism includes oscillations in muscle glycogen stores and a maintained ability to extract glucose from the blood in the face of increased blood flow in the trained leg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flemming Dela
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics Bispebjerg University Hospital Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Arthur Ingersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Nynne B. Andersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Maria B. Nielsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Helga H. H. Petersen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Christina N. Hansen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Steen Larsen
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre Medical University of Bialystok Bialystok Poland
| | - Jørgen Wojtaszewski
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Faculty of Science University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Jørn Wulff Helge
- Xlab, Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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86
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Bourne JE, Little JP, Beauchamp MR, Barry J, Singer J, Jung ME. Brief Exercise Counseling and High-Intensity Interval Training on Physical Activity Adherence and Cardiometabolic Health in Individuals at Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e11226. [PMID: 30912761 PMCID: PMC6454331 DOI: 10.2196/11226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Worldwide incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is rapidly increasing. Given the numerous negative health consequences associated with T2D, prevention of this disease has become a priority. Lifestyle changes, including regular exercise, can reduce the onset of T2D in those at elevated risk. However, long-term adherence to exercise is often poor in this population. Existing lifestyle interventions targeting exercise are labor intensive and costly for staff and participants. Evidence-informed counseling delivered in a manner that reduces dependence on staff and facilitates self-regulatory skills could alleviate time and financial barriers while promoting independent exercise. Objective This protocol outlines the design, recruitment, and proposed analysis of a brief, 2-week evidence-informed exercise counseling intervention combined with either high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). Methods Small Steps for Big Changes is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial that will examine the effectiveness of combining brief exercise counseling with HIIT or MICT on adherence to moderate and vigorous exercise over 1 year. Cardiorespiratory fitness will be assessed at baseline, post intervention (2 weeks), and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. Physical activity behavior will be examined at baseline, post intervention, and 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month follow-up. The impact of the intervention on psychosocial outcomes pertinent to exercise adherence will be examined. Results Data collection was complete in March 2017. Data analysis is currently underway, and the first results are expected to be submitted for publication in 2019. Conclusions The results of this brief intervention have the potential to inform future public health efforts designed to increase exercise in individuals at risk of T2D. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02164474; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02164474 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/74Hx1ipj6) International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/11226
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Bourne
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition and Health Sciences, School of Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P Little
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Mark R Beauchamp
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julianne Barry
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
| | - Joel Singer
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mary E Jung
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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87
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Bradley C, Niven A, Phillips SM. Self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise influences affective responses to and intentions to engage with high-intensity interval exercise. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1472-1480. [PMID: 30694110 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1570590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of self-reported tolerance of the intensity of exercise on affective responses to, self-efficacy for and intention to repeat low-volume high-intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Thirty-six healthy participants (mean age 21 ± 2 years) were split into high tolerance (HT; n = 19), low tolerance (LT; n = 9), and very low tolerance (VLT; n = 8) of exercise intensity groups. Participants completed 10 × 6 s cycle sprints with 60 s recovery. Affective valence and perceived activation were measured before exercise, after sprints 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 20 min post-HIIE. Intention and self-efficacy were assessed 20 min post-HIIE. Affective valence was significantly lower in VLT vs. LT (P = 0.034, d = 1.01-1.14) and HT (P = 0.018, d = 1.34-1.70). Circumplex profiles showed a negative affective state in VLT only. The VLT group had lower intentions to repeat HIIE once and three times per week than HT (P < 0.001, d = 1.87 and 1.81, respectively) and LT (P = 0.107, d = 0.85; P = 0.295, d = 0.53, respectively). Self-efficacy was not influenced by tolerance. Self-reported tolerance of exercise intensity influences affective responses to and intentions to engage with HIIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bradley
- a Institute for Sport, Physical Education, and Health Sciences , University of Edinburgh , Scotland
| | - Ailsa Niven
- b Physical Activity for Health Research Centre , University of Edinburgh , Scotland
| | - Shaun M Phillips
- c Human Performance Science Research Group , University of Edinburgh , Scotland
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88
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Stavrinou PS, Bogdanis GC, Giannaki CD, Terzis G, Hadjicharalambous M. Effects of high-intensity interval training frequency on perceptual responses and future physical activity participation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2019; 44:952-957. [PMID: 30653342 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2018-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in inducing positive physiological adaptations is well documented. However, its impact on perceptual responses and on future physical activity (PA) engagement is less evaluated. The present study aimed to examine the effects of HIIT frequency on perceptual responses, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and its influence in future PA participation. Thirty-five inactive adults were randomly assigned to a control (CON) and to 2 training groups that performed HIIT (10 × 60 s cycling, ∼83% peak power output) for 2 (HIIT-2) or 3 (HIIT-3) times per week for 8 weeks. Following the HIIT intervention, exercise enjoyment, HRQOL, and the intention to implement HIIT in the future were evaluated. Eight weeks after cessation of training, follow-up evaluations of HRQOL and PA were performed. Following the intervention, both training frequencies induced high levels of enjoyment (HIIT-2: 6.0 ± 1.1, HIIT-3: 6.0 ± 1.1, scale 1-7), improved HRQOL (HIIT-2: p = 0.040; HIIT-3: p = 0.024), and reported intention to implement HIIT in the future (HIIT-3: 100%, HIIT-2: 93% of participants). At follow-up, HIIT-3 participants reported higher completion of HIIT compared with HIIT-2 and CON (p < 0.05). Both training groups sustained improved HRQOL and increased vigorous and total PA (p < 0.05). This study showed that performing HIIT either 2 or 3 times per week is an enjoyable exercise modality that promotes a sustainable increase in habitual PA levels and improves HRQOL. Moreover, the higher training frequency resulted in greater HIIT completion in the 8-week period following the cessation of training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi S Stavrinou
- Department of Life and Health Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia CY-1700, Cyprus
| | - Gregory C Bogdanis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 172 37, Greece
| | | | - Gerasimos Terzis
- School of Physical Education and Sports Science, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 172 37, Greece
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89
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Cox ER, Keating SE, Coombes JS, Burton NW. Potential Utility of Self-Report Measures of Affect to Optimise Exercise Adherence in People with Type 2 Diabetes. Curr Diabetes Rev 2019; 15:302-308. [PMID: 30117398 DOI: 10.2174/1573399814666180816165351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise is essential for managing type 2 diabetes, however approximately only 40% of people with the condition meet guidelines. The aim of this review is to examine the evidence regarding the use self-report measures of affect to understand and predict exercise adherence. Self-reported affect has been successfully used to regulate exercise intensity, monitor training load, prevent injury, and predict future physical activity participation in otherwise healthy and some clinical populations. Specific recommendations are provided for research to explore the utility of self-report measures of affect to promote exercise adherence in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Cox
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | | | - Jeff S Coombes
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Nicola W Burton
- School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt, Australia
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90
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Vera J, Luque-Casado A, Redondo B, Cárdenas D, Jiménez R, García-Ramos A. Ocular Accommodative Response is Modulated as a Function of Physical Exercise Intensity. Curr Eye Res 2018; 44:442-450. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2018.1557210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Vera
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Luque-Casado
- Mind, Brain, and Behavior Research Center (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Center for Sport Studies, King Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatríz Redondo
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - David Cárdenas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Raimundo Jiménez
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador García-Ramos
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Sports Sciences and Physical Conditioning, Faculty of Education, CIEDE, Catholic University of Most Holy Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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91
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Psychological responses, muscle damage, inflammation, and delayed onset muscle soreness to high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous exercise in overweight men. Physiol Behav 2018; 199:200-209. [PMID: 30471384 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We compared in-task affect to HIIE and MICE, and its relationship with time spent at different metabolic domains, perceived exertion (RPE), self-efficacy, enjoyment, and future intention of exercise in overweight inactive men. Muscle damage and soreness, and inflammation were assessed post-exercise. Fifteen participants (28.9 ± 5.0 yr; 29.2 ± 3.8 kg/m2) completed a HIIE (10 × 1 min at 100% Vmax, 1 min recovery) and MICE (20 min at 55-59% VO2reserve) session. Affect, alertness, RPE, and self-efficacy were assessed in-task, and enjoyment and future intention post-task. At baseline, 24 and 48 h, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, interleukin-6 and -10, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and muscle soreness were assessed. Affect (-3.1 ± 1.8 vs. 0.8 ± 1.8, P < .001) and self-efficacy (70 ± 15 vs. 90 ± 15%, P < .001) were lower, while RPE and alertness were higher in HIIE compared to MICE (Ps ≤ .02). Affect was negatively correlated with RPE in HIIE (r = -0.90) and MICE (r = -0.72), and time spent above respiratory compensation point in HIIE (r = -0.59). Affect was positively correlated with self-efficacy in MICE (r = 0.74). Enjoyment, future intention, muscle damage and soreness, and inflammation were similar between HIIE and MICE post-exercise. Therefore, in-task HIIE was experienced as unpleasant compared to MICE, but the psychological and physiological responses post-task were similar in overweight inactive men.
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92
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Farrow M, Lutteroth C, Rouse PC, Bilzon JLJ. Virtual-reality exergaming improves performance during high-intensity interval training. Eur J Sport Sci 2018; 19:719-727. [DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2018.1542459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Farrow
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications (CAMERA), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Christof Lutteroth
- Department of Computer Science, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications (CAMERA), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - James L. J. Bilzon
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for the Analysis of Motion, Entertainment Research and Applications (CAMERA), University of Bath, Bath, UK
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93
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Gibala MJ, Heisz JJ, Nelson AJ. INTERVAL TRAINING FOR CARDIOMETABOLIC AND BRAIN HEALTH. ACSM'S HEALTH & FITNESS JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1249/fit.0000000000000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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94
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Lopes TR, Sabino-Carvalho JL, Ferreira THN, Succi JE, Silva AC, Silva BM. Effect of Ischemic Preconditioning on the Recovery of Cardiac Autonomic Control From Repeated Sprint Exercise. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1465. [PMID: 30416451 PMCID: PMC6212507 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Repeated sprint exercise (RSE) acutely impairs post-exercise heart rate (HR) recovery (HRR) and time-domain heart rate variability (i. e., RMSSD), likely in part, due to lactic acidosis-induced reduction of cardiac vagal reactivation. In contrast, ischemic preconditioning (IPC) mediates cardiac vagal activation and augments energy metabolism efficiency during prolonged ischemia followed by reperfusion. Therefore, we investigated whether IPC could improve recovery of cardiac autonomic control from RSE partially via improved energy metabolism responses to RSE. Fifteen men team-sport practitioners (mean ± SD: 25 ± 5 years) were randomly exposed to IPC in the legs (3 × 5 min at 220 mmHg) or control (CT; 3 × 5 min at 20 mmHg) 48 h, 24 h, and 35 min before performing 3 sets of 6 shuttle running sprints (15 + 15 m with 180° change of direction and 20 s of active recovery). Sets 1 and 2 were followed by 180 s and set 3 by 360 s of inactive recovery. Short-term HRR was analyzed after all sets via linear regression of HR decay within the first 30 s of recovery (T30) and delta from peak HR to 60 s of recovery (HRR60s). Long-term HRR was analyzed throughout recovery from set 3 via first-order exponential regression of HR decay. Moreover, RMSSD was calculated using 30-s data segments throughout recovery from set 3. Energy metabolism responses were inferred via peak pulmonary oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak), peak carbon dioxide output (V˙O2peak), peak respiratory exchange ratio (RERpeak), first-order exponential regression of V˙O2 decay within 360 s of recovery and blood lactate concentration ([Lac-]). IPC did not change T30, but increased HRR60s after all sets (condition main effect: P = 0.03; partial eta square (η2p) = 0.27, i.e., large effect size). IPC did not change long-term HRR and RMSSD throughout recovery, nor did IPC change any energy metabolism parameter. In conclusion, IPC accelerated to some extent the short-term recovery, but did not change the long-term recovery of cardiac autonomic control from RSE, and such accelerator effect was not accompanied by any IPC effect on surrogates of energy metabolism responses to RSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago R Lopes
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Olympic Center of Training and Research, São Paulo, Brazil.,São Paulo Association for Medicine Development, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jeann L Sabino-Carvalho
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago H N Ferreira
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José E Succi
- Department of Surgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio C Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Olympic Center of Training and Research, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Silva
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Laboratory of Exercise Physiology, Olympic Center of Training and Research, São Paulo, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Translational Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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95
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STORK MATTHEWJ, GIBALA MARTINJ, MARTIN GINIS KATHLEENA. Psychological and Behavioral Responses to Interval and Continuous Exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2018; 50:2110-2121. [DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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96
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Poon ETC, Sheridan S, Chung APW, Wong SHS. Age-specific affective responses and self-efficacy to acute high-intensity interval training and continuous exercise in insufficiently active young and middle-aged men. J Exerc Sci Fit 2018; 16:106-111. [PMID: 30662503 PMCID: PMC6323176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jesf.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been recognized as an emerging trend in public health promotion, but its age-specific differences in psycho-perceptual responses have yet to be investigated. This study compared the psycho-perceptual responses after a single session of HIIT versus moderate-intensity continuous exercise (MICE) and vigorous-intensity continuous exercise (VICE) in twelve young and twelve middle-aged insufficiently active males respectively. Methods Using a randomized cross-over design, participants undertook three main trials consisting of: HIIT (10 x 1-min run at 100% VO2max interspersed with 1-min active recovery), MICE (40-min run at 65% VO2max) and VICE (20-min run at 80% VO2max). Affective responses, self-efficacy and exercise preference were assessed for each trial. Results Both HIIT and VICE showed more positive in-task affective responses than MICE in young adults, while middle-aged adults reported more positive responses in both HIIT and MICE than in VICE. However, middle-aged adults displayed significantly lower exercise task self-efficacy scores towards HIIT (42.7 ± 25.3) and VICE (49.2 ± 23.9) than MICE (63.4 ± 18.3, both P < 0.01). Additionally, only 17% of participants in the middle-aged group reported a preference to engage in HIIT as opposed to either MICE (50%) and VICE (33%). Conclusion Our finding revealed distinct affective and self-efficacy responses to acute HIIT versus both MICE and VICE in the two age groups which assists in our understanding of how individuals in various age populations perceive HIIT. This information will assist in the design and implementation of effective exercise programs for public health, especially for insufficiently active individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tsz-Chun Poon
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Sinead Sheridan
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Anthony Pui-Wan Chung
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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97
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Effect of Short-Term Interval Exercise Training on Fatigue, Depression, and Fitness in Normal Weight vs. Overweight Person With Multiple Sclerosis. Explore (NY) 2018; 15:134-141. [PMID: 30122328 DOI: 10.1016/j.explore.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Excessive weight is a health problem that can exacerbate multiple sclerosis (MS) symptoms and its associated comorbidities such as depression and fatigue. In addition, weight may be a moderator of exercise effects on depression and fatigue symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of exercise training on fatigue and depression in normal and overweight individuals with MS. METHODS Sixty-six persons with MS were randomly assigned into an exercise or control condition based on body weight status (overweight vs. normal weight). The exercise conditions involved 8-weeks of interval exercise at 60%-75% Wattpeak, while the control condition did not involve any exercise. Fatigue, depression, aerobic capacity, time up and go (TUG) and body mass index were measured before and following the 8-week period. RESULTS There were no significant relationship's revealed for weight status interactions for any of the variables examined. There were significant condition main effects for fatigue, depression, aerobic capacity and TUG, and significant improvements were noted for the exercise conditions, but not in the non-exercising control group. CONCLUSION The results from this study confirm that exercise is an effective therapeutic intervention for improving fatigue, depression and functional parameters, independent of initial weight status, in persons with MS.
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98
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Feasibility, Safety, and Preliminary Effectiveness of a Home-Based Self-Managed High-Intensity Interval Training Program Offered to Long-Term Manual Wheelchair Users. Rehabil Res Pract 2018; 2018:8209360. [PMID: 29888007 PMCID: PMC5985105 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8209360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To investigate and compare the feasibility, safety, and preliminary effectiveness of home-based self-managed manual wheelchair high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) programs. Methods Eleven manual wheelchair users were randomly assigned to the HIIT (n = 6) or the MICT group (n = 5). Both six-week programs consisted of three 40-minute propulsion training sessions per week. The HIIT group alternated between 30 s high-intensity intervals and 60 s low-intensity intervals, whereas the MICT group maintained a constant moderate intensity. Cardiorespiratory fitness, upper limb strength, and shoulder pain were measured before and after the programs. Participants completed a questionnaire on the programs that explored general areas of feasibility. Results The answers to the questionnaire demonstrated that both training programs were feasible in the community. No severe adverse events occurred, although some participants experienced increased shoulder pain during HIIT. Neither program yielded a significant change in cardiorespiratory fitness or upper limb strength. However, both groups reported moderate to significant subjective improvement. Conclusion Home-based wheelchair HIIT appears feasible and safe although potential development of shoulder pain remains a concern and should be addressed with a future preventive shoulder exercise program. Some recommendations have been proposed for a larger study aiming to strengthen evidence regarding the feasibility, safety, and effectiveness of HIIT.
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99
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Gibala MJ. Functional high-intensity training: A HIT to improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:937-938. [PMID: 29719078 DOI: 10.1113/ep087063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin J Gibala
- Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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100
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