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Pines AR, Sattur MG, Abi-Aad KR, Bendok BR. Edonerpic Maleate: A Promising Pharmacological Agent for Stroke Recovery. Neurosurgery 2019; 84:E3-E4. [PMID: 30551191 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyy397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Pines
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine Mayo Clinic Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Mithun G Sattur
- Department of Neurological Surgery Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
- Precision Neuro-therapeutics Innovation Lab Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
- Neurosurgery Simulation and Innovation Lab Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Karl R Abi-Aad
- Department of Neurological Surgery Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
- Precision Neuro-therapeutics Innovation Lab Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
- Neurosurgery Simulation and Innovation Lab Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Bernard R Bendok
- Department of Neurological Surgery Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
- Precision Neuro-therapeutics Innovation Lab Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
- Neurosurgery Simulation and Innovation Lab Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Otolaryngology Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
- Department of Radiology Mayo Clinic Phoenix, Arizona
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52
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Qin J, Wang P, Li Y, Yao L, Liu Y, Yu T, Lin J, Fang X, Huang Z. Activation of Sigma-1 Receptor by Cutamesine Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis by Inhibiting Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in a Rat Model of Asphyxia Cardiac Arrest. Shock 2019; 51:105-113. [PMID: 29424796 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global cerebral ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury after cardiac arrest (CA) is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in survivors of resuscitation. We utilized a rat model of asphyxia CA to explore the functional effects and mechanisms of Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) activation in cerebral protection using the Sig-1R agonist cutamesine (SA-4503). METHODS After resuscitation, the surviving rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 18 each): the cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) group (0.9% saline at 1 mL/kg); the SA4503 low-dose group (1 mg/kg SA4503); and the SA4503 high-dose group (2.5 mg/kg SA4503). The neurological deficit scores were recorded, and the cerebral cortex was harvested for western blotting. Mitochondrial transmembrane potential, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations, calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial ultrastructure were also studied. RESULTS The SA4503 treatment groups exhibited improved neurological outcomes compared with the CPR group. The protein levels of caspase-3 and the endoplasmic reticulum stress markers C/EBP homologous protein and caspase-12 were lower in the SA4503 treatment groups compared with the CPR group. SA4503 treatment also normalized mitochondrial membrane potential, tissue ATP concentrations, intracellular Ca overload, and upregulated Sig-1R protein level compared with the CPR group. The SA4503 high dose treatment showed significant cerebral protective effects compared with the SA4503 low dose treatment. The therapeutic effect of SA4503 was dose-dependent. CONCLUSIONS CA downregulated Sig-1R protein expression. Activating Sig-1R using SA4503 protected against global cerebral I/R injury in a rat model of asphyxia CA by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and eventually inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Qin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Yuanshan Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiali Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangshao Fang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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53
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Zhao X, Bai F, Zhang E, Zhou D, Jiang T, Zhou H, Wang Q. Electroacupuncture Improves Neurobehavioral Function Through Targeting of SOX2-Mediated Axonal Regeneration by MicroRNA-132 After Ischemic Stroke. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:471. [PMID: 30618618 PMCID: PMC6306468 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have shown that electroacupuncture (EA) enhances neurobehavioral functional recovery after ischemic stroke, however, the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are abundant in the brain and are involved in post-transcriptional gene regulation. During cerebral ischemia reperfusion, miRNAs perform numerous biological functions in the central nervous system related to regeneration and repair of damaged nerves. Our previous studies also have shown that the expression of miRNA-132 (miR-132) is obviously down-regulated after stroke by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), which can be up-regulated by EA. This study aimed to identify whether up-regulation of miR-132 by EA improved the damaged nerves after stroke and to screen the potential target of miR-132. The results showed that EA up-regulated miR-132 thus suppressing SOX2 expression in vivo after MCAO, which obviously ameliorated neurobehavioral functional recovery. Moreover, our results also suggested that up-regulated miR-132 suppressed SOX2 in primary neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which promoted neurite outgrowth. In conclusion, EA enhances neurobehavioral functional recovery against ischemic stroke through targeting of SOX2-mediated axonal regeneration by miR-132.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Fuhai Bai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Erfei Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Dandan Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital, Xi'an, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China.,Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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54
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Cameron LP, Olson DE. Dark Classics in Chemical Neuroscience: N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT). ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2344-2357. [PMID: 30036036 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Though relatively obscure, N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an important molecule in psychopharmacology as it is the archetype for all indole-containing serotonergic psychedelics. Its structure can be found embedded within those of better-known molecules such as lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and psilocybin. Unlike the latter two compounds, DMT is ubiquitous, being produced by a wide variety of plant and animal species. It is one of the principal psychoactive components of ayahuasca, a tisane made from various plant sources that has been used for centuries. Furthermore, DMT is one of the few psychedelic compounds produced endogenously by mammals, and its biological function in human physiology remains a mystery. In this review, we cover the synthesis of DMT as well as its pharmacology, metabolism, adverse effects, and potential use in medicine. Finally, we discuss the history of DMT in chemical neuroscience and why this underappreciated molecule is so important to the field of psychedelic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay P. Cameron
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct., Davis, California 95618, United States
| | - David E. Olson
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, 2700 Stockton Blvd., Suite 2102, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of California, Davis, 1544 Newton Ct., Davis, California 95618, United States
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55
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Liu DY, Chi TY, Ji XF, Liu P, Qi XX, Zhu L, Wang ZQ, Li L, Chen L, Zou LB. Sigma-1 receptor activation alleviates blood-brain barrier dysfunction in vascular dementia mice. Exp Neurol 2018; 308:90-99. [PMID: 30006137 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) activation has been shown to decrease infarct volume and enhance neuronal survival after brain ischemia-reperfusion (IR) in rodent models. The present study aims to investigate first the effect of Sig-1R activation on blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption during experimental stroke. Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) for 15 min, and the worst BBB leakage was observed on the 7th day after brain IR. To confirm the BBB protective role of Sig-1R, mice were divided into five groups (sham group, BCCAO group, PRE084 group, BD1047 group, PRE084 and BD1047 group; 29-35 mice for each group), and treated with agonist PRE084 (1 mg/kg) and/or antagonist BD1047 (1 mg/kg) for 7 days intraperitoneally once a day after BCCAO. Interestingly, PRE084 administration significantly improved neurobehavioral performance as well as healing of neuron damage and white matter lesions. PRE084 also reduced the leakage of Evans blue and IgG and attenuated the disassembly of BBB structural proteins, while the neuroprotective and BBB protective functions of PRE084 were blocked by BD1047. Furthermore, in Sig-1R knockout (Sig-1R KO) mice, brain IR produced more serious IgG leakage and degradation of BBB structural proteins than in wild-type model mice. In addition, the protective effect of PRE084 against the BBB was lost in Sig-1R KO mice after brain IR. Finally, treatment with PRE084 significantly increased the expression of Sig-1R in brain microvascular endothelial cells of mice that were subjected to brain IR and increased translocation of Sig-1R to the cell plasmalemma. Thus, we identified a previously unexplored role of Sig-1R in alleviating BBB disruption in stroke processes and have demonstrated that reversing BBB rupture through Sig-1R activation may be another promising method for cerebral protection against IR injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Tian-Yan Chi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xue-Fei Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Zi-Qi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Physiology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China.
| | - Li-Bo Zou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Life Science and Biopharmaceutics, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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Jia J, Cheng J, Wang C, Zhen X. Sigma-1 Receptor-Modulated Neuroinflammation in Neurological Diseases. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:314. [PMID: 30294261 PMCID: PMC6158303 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1R) are important drug targets for a number of neuropsychiatric disorders. Sig-1Rs are enriched in central nervous system (CNS). In addition to neurons, both cerebral microglia and astrocytes express Sig-1Rs. Activation of Sig-1Rs is known to elicit potent neuroprotective effects and promote neuronal survival via multiple mechanisms, including promoting mitochondrial functions, decreasing oxidative stress and regulating neuroimmnological functions. In this review article, we focus on the emerging role of Sig-1Rs in regulating neuroinflammation and discuss the recent advances on the Sig-1R-modulating neuroinflammation in the pathophysiology and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou Science and Technology Town Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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57
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Yamaguchi K, Shioda N, Yabuki Y, Zhang C, Han F, Fukunaga K. SA4503, A Potent Sigma-1 Receptor Ligand, Ameliorates Synaptic Abnormalities and Cognitive Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of ATR-X Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2811. [PMID: 30231518 PMCID: PMC6163584 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
α-thalassemia X-linked intellectual disability (ATR-X) syndrome is caused by mutations in ATRX. An ATR-X model mouse lacking Atrx exon 2 displays phenotypes that resemble symptoms in the human intellectual disability: cognitive defects and abnormal dendritic spine formation. We herein target activation of sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) that can induce potent neuroprotective and neuroregenerative effects by promoting the activity of neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). We demonstrated that treatment with SA4503, a potent activator of Sig-1R, reverses axonal development and dendritic spine abnormalities in cultured cortical neurons from ATR-X model mice. Moreover, the SA4503 treatment rescued cognitive deficits exhibited by the ATR-X model mice. We further found that significant decreases in the BDNF-protein level in the medial prefrontal cortex of ATR-X model mice were recovered with treatment of SA4503. These results indicate that the rescue of dendritic spine abnormalities through the activation of Sig-1R has a potential for post-diagnostic therapy in ATR-X syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouya Yamaguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Norifumi Shioda
- Department of Genomic Neurology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Chen Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 31005, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Feng Han
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan.
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58
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Rodríguez-Muñoz M, Onetti Y, Cortés-Montero E, Garzón J, Sánchez-Blázquez P. Cannabidiol enhances morphine antinociception, diminishes NMDA-mediated seizures and reduces stroke damage via the sigma 1 receptor. Mol Brain 2018; 11:51. [PMID: 30223868 PMCID: PMC6142691 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-018-0395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD), the major non-psychotomimetic compound present in the Cannabis sativa plant, exhibits therapeutic potential for various human diseases, including chronic neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, ischemic stroke, epilepsy and other convulsive syndromes, neuropsychiatric disorders, neuropathic allodynia and certain types of cancer. CBD does not bind directly to endocannabinoid receptors 1 and 2, and despite research efforts, its specific targets remain to be fully identified. Notably, sigma 1 receptor (σ1R) antagonists inhibit glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor (NMDAR) activity and display positive effects on most of the aforesaid diseases. Thus, we investigated the effects of CBD on three animal models in which NMDAR overactivity plays a critical role: opioid analgesia attenuation, NMDA-induced convulsive syndrome and ischemic stroke. In an in vitro assay, CBD disrupted the regulatory association of σ1R with the NR1 subunit of NMDAR, an effect shared by σ1R antagonists, such as BD1063 and progesterone, and prevented by σ1R agonists, such as 4-IBP, PPCC and PRE084. The in vivo administration of CBD or BD1063 enhanced morphine-evoked supraspinal antinociception, alleviated NMDA-induced convulsive syndrome, and reduced the infarct size caused by permanent unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion. These positive effects of CBD were reduced by the σ1R agonists PRE084 and PPCC, and absent in σ1R-/- mice. Thus, CBD displays antagonist-like activity toward σ1R to reduce the negative effects of NMDAR overactivity in the abovementioned experimental situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Rodríguez-Muñoz
- Neuropharmacology. Department of Traslational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Yara Onetti
- Neuropharmacology. Department of Traslational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elsa Cortés-Montero
- Neuropharmacology. Department of Traslational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Garzón
- Neuropharmacology. Department of Traslational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Neuropharmacology. Department of Traslational Neuroscience, Cajal Institute, CSIC, E-28002 Madrid, Spain
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Barker SA. N, N-Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), an Endogenous Hallucinogen: Past, Present, and Future Research to Determine Its Role and Function. Front Neurosci 2018; 12:536. [PMID: 30127713 PMCID: PMC6088236 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2018.00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This report provides a historical overview of research concerning the endogenous hallucinogen N, N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT), focusing on data regarding its biosynthesis and metabolism in the brain and peripheral tissues, methods and results for DMT detection in body fluids and brain, new sites of action for DMT, and new data regarding its possible physiological and therapeutic roles. Research that further elaborates its consideration as a putative neurotransmitter is also addressed. Taking these studies together, the report proposes several new directions and experiments to ascertain the role of DMT in the brain, including brain mapping of enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of DMT, further studies to elaborate its presence and role in the pineal gland, a reconsideration of binding site data, and new administration and imaging studies. The need to resolve the "natural" role of an endogenous hallucinogen from the effects observed from peripheral administration are also emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A. Barker
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, United States
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60
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Abe H, Jitsuki S, Nakajima W, Murata Y, Jitsuki-Takahashi A, Katsuno Y, Tada H, Sano A, Suyama K, Mochizuki N, Komori T, Masuyama H, Okuda T, Goshima Y, Higo N, Takahashi T. CRMP2-binding compound, edonerpic maleate, accelerates motor function recovery from brain damage. Science 2018; 360:50-57. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aao2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Brain damage such as stroke is a devastating neurological condition that may severely compromise patient quality of life. No effective medication-mediated intervention to accelerate rehabilitation has been established. We found that a small compound, edonerpic maleate, facilitated experience-driven synaptic glutamate AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic-acid) receptor delivery and resulted in the acceleration of motor function recovery after motor cortex cryoinjury in mice in a training-dependent manner through cortical reorganization. Edonerpic bound to collapsin-response-mediator-protein 2 (CRMP2) and failed to augment recovery in CRMP2-deficient mice. Edonerpic maleate enhanced motor function recovery from internal capsule hemorrhage in nonhuman primates. Thus, edonerpic maleate, a neural plasticity enhancer, could be a clinically potent small compound with which to accelerate rehabilitation after brain damage.
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61
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Markus T, Ley D, Hansson SR, Wieloch T, Ruscher K. Neuroprotective dobutamine treatment upregulates superoxide dismutase 3, anti-oxidant and survival genes and attenuates genes mediating inflammation. BMC Neurosci 2018. [PMID: 29523072 PMCID: PMC5845293 DOI: 10.1186/s12868-018-0415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Labor subjects the fetus to an hypoxic episode and concomitant adrenomodullary catecholamine surge that may provide protection against the hypoxic insult. The beta1-adrenergic agonist dobutamine protects against hypoxia/aglycemia induced neuronal damage. We aimed to identify the associated protective biological processes involved. Results Hippocampal slices from 6 days old mice showed significant changes of gene expression comparing slices with or without dobutamine (50 mM) in the following two experimental paradigms: (1) control conditions versus lipopolysacharide (LPS) stimulation and (2) oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD), versus combined LPS/OGD. Dobutamine depressed the inflammatory response by modifying the toll-like receptor-4 signalling pathways, including interferon regulatory factors and nuclear factor κ B activation in experimental paradigm 1. The anti-oxidant defense genes superoxide dismutase 3 showed an upregulation in the OGD paradigm while thioredoxin reductase was upregulated in LPS paradigm. The survival genes Bag-3, Tinf2, and TMBIM-1, were up-regulated in paradigm 1. Moreover, increased levels of SOD3 were verified on the protein level 24 h after OGD and control stimulation in cultures with or without preconditioning with LPS and dobutamine, respectively. Conclusions Neuroprotective treatment with dobutamine depresses expression of inflammatory mediators and promotes the defense against oxidative stress and depresses apoptotic genes in a model of neonatal brain hypoxia/ischemia interpreted as pharmacological preconditioning. We conclude that beta1-adrenoceptor activation might be an efficient strategy for identifying novel pharmacological targets for protection of the neonatal brain. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12868-018-0415-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Markus
- Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Ley
- Department of Pediatrics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefan R Hansson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
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62
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STAT3 precedes HIF1α transcriptional responses to oxygen and oxygen and glucose deprivation in human brain pericytes. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518129 PMCID: PMC5843348 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain pericytes are important to maintain vascular integrity of the neurovascular unit under both physiological and ischemic conditions. Ischemic stroke is known to induce an inflammatory and hypoxic response due to the lack of oxygen and glucose in the brain tissue. How this early response to ischemia is molecularly regulated in pericytes is largely unknown and may be of importance for future therapeutic targets. Here we evaluate the transcriptional responses in in vitro cultured human brain pericytes after oxygen and/or glucose deprivation. Hypoxia has been widely known to stabilise the transcription factor hypoxia inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1α) and mediate the induction of hypoxic transcriptional programs after ischemia. However, we find that the transcription factors Jun Proto-Oncogene (c-JUN), Nuclear Factor Of Kappa Light Polypeptide Gene Enhancer In B-Cells (NFκB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) bind genes regulated after 2hours (hs) of omitted glucose and oxygen before HIF1α. Potent HIF1α responses require 6hs of hypoxia to substantiate transcriptional regulation comparable to either c-JUN or STAT3. Phosphorylated STAT3 protein is at its highest after 5 min of oxygen and glucose (OGD) deprivation, whereas maximum HIF1α stabilisation requires 120 min. We show that STAT3 regulates angiogenic and metabolic pathways before HIF1α, suggesting that HIF1α is not the initiating trans-acting factor in the response of pericytes to ischemia.
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63
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Schindler EAD, Wallace RM, Sloshower JA, D'Souza DC. Neuroendocrine Associations Underlying the Persistent Therapeutic Effects of Classic Serotonergic Psychedelics. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:177. [PMID: 29545753 PMCID: PMC5838010 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent reports on the effects of psychedelic-assisted therapies for mood disorders and addiction, as well as the effects of psychedelics in the treatment of cluster headache, have demonstrated promising therapeutic results. In addition, the beneficial effects appear to persist well after limited exposure to the drugs, making them particularly appealing as treatments for chronic neuropsychiatric and headache disorders. Understanding the basis of the long-lasting effects, however, will be critical for the continued use and development of this drug class. Several mechanisms, including biological and psychological ones, have been suggested to explain the long-lasting effects of psychedelics. Actions on the neuroendocrine system are some such mechanisms that warrant further investigation in the study of persisting psychedelic effects. In this report, we review certain structural and functional neuroendocrinological pathologies associated with neuropsychiatric disorders and cluster headache. We then review the effects that psychedelic drugs have on those systems and provide preliminary support for potential long-term effects. The circadian biology of cluster headache is of particular relevance in this area. We also discuss methodologic considerations for future investigations of neuroendocrine system involvement in the therapeutic benefits of psychedelic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle A D Schindler
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Neurology, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Ryan M Wallace
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jordan A Sloshower
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Deepak C D'Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, United States
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64
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Zhao LR, Willing A. Enhancing endogenous capacity to repair a stroke-damaged brain: An evolving field for stroke research. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 163-164:5-26. [PMID: 29476785 PMCID: PMC6075953 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stroke represents a severe medical condition that causes stroke survivors to suffer from long-term and even lifelong disability. Over the past several decades, a vast majority of stroke research targets neuroprotection in the acute phase, while little work has been done to enhance stroke recovery at the later stage. Through reviewing current understanding of brain plasticity, stroke pathology, and emerging preclinical and clinical restorative approaches, this review aims to provide new insights to advance the research field for stroke recovery. Lifelong brain plasticity offers the long-lasting possibility to repair a stroke-damaged brain. Stroke impairs the structural and functional integrity of entire brain networks; the restorative approaches containing multi-components have great potential to maximize stroke recovery by rebuilding and normalizing the stroke-disrupted entire brain networks and brain functioning. The restorative window for stroke recovery is much longer than previously thought. The optimal time for brain repair appears to be at later stage of stroke rather than the earlier stage. It is expected that these new insights will advance our understanding of stroke recovery and assist in developing the next generation of restorative approaches for enhancing brain repair after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ru Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, State University of New York, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
| | - Alison Willing
- Center for Excellence in Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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65
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Sun H, Wang YJ, Shi WW, Yang F, Tang J, Pang T, Yu LF. Discovery of N-cyclobutylaminoethoxyisoxazole derivatives as novel sigma-1 receptor ligands with neurite outgrowth efficacy in cells. RSC Adv 2018; 8:7080-7088. [PMID: 35540351 PMCID: PMC9078399 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Herein we reported a series of 14 novel derivatives based on the N-cyclobutylaminoethoxyisoxazole scaffold. In vitro binding studies of these compounds demonstrated their low nanomolar to subnanomolar potencies as σ1 receptor ligands, with moderate to excellent selectivity over the σ2 receptor as represented by compounds 17-30. The majority of the derivatives scored high (>4.7) in the CNS MPO appraisal system, indicating their high likelihood in penetrating the blood-brain barrier. A number of these compounds exhibited significant neurite outgrowth efficacy in N1E-115 neuronal cells and displayed excellent selectivity for σ1 receptors over the selected endogenous neurotransmitter transporters, such as DAT, NET and SERT. Among the mini-series, compound 28 (K i σ1 = 0.2 nM, K i σ2 = 198 nM, CNS MPO score = 5.4) emerged as a promising selective σ1 receptor ligand that warrants its further evaluation as a potential therapeutic for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China +86-021-622-31385
| | - Yun-Jie Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 PR China +86-25-832-71043
| | - Wen-Wen Shi
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China +86-021-622-31385
| | - Fan Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China +86-021-622-31385
| | - Jie Tang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China +86-021-622-31385
| | - Tao Pang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 210009 PR China +86-25-832-71043
| | - Li-Fang Yu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University 3663 North Zhongshan Road Shanghai 200062 China +86-021-622-31385
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66
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Cohen JB, Perlis ML, Townsend RR. Systolic blood pressure as a potential target of sigma-1 receptor agonist therapy. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2018; 20:416-417. [PMID: 29334587 PMCID: PMC5834831 DOI: 10.1111/jch.13197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordana B Cohen
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michael L Perlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Raymond R Townsend
- Renal-Electrolyte and Hypertension Division, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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67
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Cao Z, Xiao Q, Dai X, Zhou Z, Jiang R, Cheng Y, Yang X, Guo H, Wang J, Xi Z, Yao H, Chao J. circHIPK2-mediated σ-1R promotes endoplasmic reticulum stress in human pulmonary fibroblasts exposed to silica. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:3212. [PMID: 29238093 PMCID: PMC5870587 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0017-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silicosis is characterized by fibroblast accumulation and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Although the roles of SiO2-induced chemokines and cytokines released from alveolar macrophages have received significant attention, the direct effects of SiO2 on protein production and functional changes in pulmonary fibroblasts have been less extensively studied. Sigma-1 receptor, which has been associated with cell proliferation and migration in the central nervous system, is expressed in the lung, but its role in silicosis remains unknown. To elucidate the role of sigma-1 receptor in fibrosis induced by silica, both the upstream molecular mechanisms and the functional effects on cell proliferation and migration were investigated. Both molecular biological assays and pharmacological techniques, combined with functional experiments, such as migration and proliferation, were applied in human pulmonary fibroblasts from adults to analyze the molecular and functional changes induced by SiO2. SiO2 induced endoplasmic reticulum stress in association with enhanced expression of sigma-1 receptor. Endoplasmic reticulum stress promoted migration and proliferation of human pulmonary fibroblasts-adult exposed to SiO2, inducing the development of silicosis. Inhibition of sigma-1 receptor ameliorated endoplasmic reticulum stress and fibroblast functional changes induced by SiO2. circHIPK2 is involved in the regulation of sigma-1 receptor in human pulmonary fibroblasts-adult exposed to SiO2. Our study elucidated a link between SiO2-induced fibrosis and sigma-1 receptor signaling, thereby providing novel insight into the potential use of sigma-1 receptor/endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for silicosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouli Cao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
- Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Qingling Xiao
- Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Xiaoniu Dai
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Zewei Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Rong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Yusi Cheng
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Xiyue Yang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huifang Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Zhaoqing Xi
- Third Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210023, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
- Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
- Department of Respiration, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China.
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68
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Li D, Zhang S, Yao Y, Xiang Y, Ma X, Wei X, Yan H, Liu X. Sigma-1 receptor agonist increases axon outgrowth of hippocampal neurons via voltage-gated calcium ions channels. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:930-939. [PMID: 28990373 PMCID: PMC6492695 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are unique endoplasmic reticulum proteins that have been implicated in both neurodegenerative and ischemic diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Accumulating evidence has suggested that Sig-1R plays a role in neuroprotection and axon outgrowth. The underlying mechanisms of Sig-1R-mediated neuroprotection have been well elucidated. However, the mechanisms underlying the effects of Sig-1R on axon outgrowth are not fully understood. METHODS To clarify this issue, we utilized immunofluorescence to compare the axon lengths of cultured naïve hippocampal neurons before and after the application of the Sig-1R agonist, SA4503. Then, electrophysiology and immunofluorescence were used to examine voltage-gated calcium ion channel (VGCCs) currents in the cell membranes and growth cones. RESULTS We found that Sig-1R activation dramatically enhanced the axonal length of the naïve hippocampal neurons. Application of the Sig-1R antagonist NE100 and gene knockdown techniques both demonstrated the effects of Sig-1R. The growth-promoting effect of SA4503 was accompanied by the inhibition of voltage-gated Ca2+ influx and was recapitulated by incubating the neurons with the L-type, N-type, and P/Q-type VGCC blockers, nimodipine, MVIIA and ω-agatoxin IVA, respectively. This effect was unrelated to glial cells. The application of SA4503 transformed the growth cone morphologies from complicated to simple, which favored axon outgrowth. CONCLUSION Sig-1R activation can enhance axon outgrowth and may have a substantial influence on neurogenesis and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
- Department of SurgeryHospital of 73096 Troop of PLANanjingJiangsuChina
| | - Shu‐Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Hong Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular DiseaseFuwai HospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yun Xiang
- Training basesHunan Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medical Power and Innovative Drugs Established by Provincial and MinistryHunan University of Chinese MedicineChangshaChina
| | - Xiao‐Yun Ma
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Li Wei
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Hai‐Tao Yan
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
| | - Xiao‐Yan Liu
- Department of Biochemical PharmacologyBeijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijingChina
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69
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Dakic V, Minardi Nascimento J, Costa Sartore R, Maciel RDM, de Araujo DB, Ribeiro S, Martins-de-Souza D, Rehen SK. Short term changes in the proteome of human cerebral organoids induced by 5-MeO-DMT. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12863. [PMID: 28993683 PMCID: PMC5634411 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12779-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dimethyltryptamines are entheogenic serotonin-like molecules present in traditional Amerindian medicine recently associated with cognitive gains, antidepressant effects, and changes in brain areas related to attention. Legal restrictions and the lack of adequate experimental models have limited the understanding of how such substances impact human brain metabolism. Here we used shotgun mass spectrometry to explore proteomic differences induced by 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) on human cerebral organoids. Out of the 6,728 identified proteins, 934 were found differentially expressed in 5-MeO-DMT-treated cerebral organoids. In silico analysis reinforced previously reported anti-inflammatory actions of 5-MeO-DMT and revealed modulatory effects on proteins associated with long-term potentiation, the formation of dendritic spines, including those involved in cellular protrusion formation, microtubule dynamics, and cytoskeletal reorganization. Our data offer the first insight about molecular alterations caused by 5-MeO-DMT in human cerebral organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanja Dakic
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Juliana Minardi Nascimento
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Costa Sartore
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sidarta Ribeiro
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Daniel Martins-de-Souza
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Institute of Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Instituto Nacional de Biomarcadores em Neuropsiquiatria (INBION), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stevens K Rehen
- D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. .,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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70
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Zhang X, Wu F, Jiao Y, Tang T, Yang L, Lu C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Bai Y, Chao J, Teng G, Yao H. An Increase of Sigma-1 Receptor in the Penumbra Neuron after Acute Ischemic Stroke. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2017; 26:1981-1987. [PMID: 28687423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Penumbra salvage from infarction by early reperfusion within the time window is the target of acute ischemic stroke therapies. Although the penumbral imaging is potently usable in clinic trial, additional work needs to be performed to advancing the field with better-defined, evaluated, and validated imaging measures. METHODS Mice were subjected to permanent stroke by right middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion. Multimodel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) method was assessed to define the penumbra as that brain region in which the perfusion and diffusion-weighted MR images are mismatched (perfusion-weighted imaging [PWI]-diffusion-weighted imaging [DWI] mismatch). MRI measurements were performed at 1 hour after MCA occlusion (MCAO). Sigma-1 receptor expression was assessed by immunoblotting and immunostaining in PWI-DWI-defined penumbra and core compared with sham or contralateral slice. Penumbral sigma-1 receptor identified the correlation with the neuron, astrocyte, and microglia by immuno-colocalization. RESULTS Sigma-1 receptor was significantly upregulated in penumbra or peri-infarct compared with sham and core tissue at 1 hour and 24 hours after MCAO. There was a colocalization of sigma-1 receptor and neuron in penumbra at 1 hour after stroke. Sigma-1 receptor is specifically increased in ischemic penumbral neuron at 1 hour after MCAO. CONCLUSIONS Sigma-1 receptor may act as an endogenous marker of penumbra after acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fangfang Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Zhongda Hospital, Neuropsychiatric Institute, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yun Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tianyu Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunqiang Lu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ying Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Chao
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Gaojun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Institute of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
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71
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Sánchez-Blázquez P, Pozo-Rodrigálvarez A, Merlos M, Garzón J. The Sigma-1 Receptor Antagonist, S1RA, Reduces Stroke Damage, Ameliorates Post-Stroke Neurological Deficits and Suppresses the Overexpression of MMP-9. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4940-4951. [PMID: 28779350 PMCID: PMC5948242 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) plays an essential role in the excitotoxic neural damage that follows ischaemic stroke. Because the sigma-1 receptor (σ1R) can regulate NMDAR transmission, exogenous and putative endogenous regulators of σ1R have been investigated using animal models of ischaemic stroke. As both agonists and antagonists provide some neural protection, the selective involvement of σ1Rs in these effects has been questioned. The availability of S1RA (E-52862/MR309), a highly selective σ1R antagonist, prompted us to explore its therapeutic potential in an animal model of focal cerebral ischaemia. Mice were subjected to right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), and post-ischaemic infarct volume and neurological deficits were determined across a range of intervals after the stroke-inducing surgery. Intracerebroventricular or intravenous treatment with S1RA significantly reduced the cerebral infarct size and neurological deficits caused by permanent MCAO (pMCAO). Compared with the control/sham-operated mice, the neuroprotective effects of S1RA were observed when delivered up to 5 h prior to surgery and 3 h after ischaemic onset. Interestingly, neither mice with the genetic deletion of σ1R nor wild-type mice that were pre-treated with the σ1R agonist PRE084 showed beneficial effects after S1RA administration with regard to stroke infarction. S1RA-treated mice showed faster behavioural recovery from stroke; this finding complements the significant decreases in matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and reactive astrogliosis surrounding the infarcted cortex. Our data indicate that S1RA, via σ1R, holds promising potential for clinical application as a therapeutic agent for ischaemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Sánchez-Blázquez
- Neuropharmacology. Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Doctor Arce, 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain.
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Esteve, Scientific Park of Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Andrea Pozo-Rodrigálvarez
- Neuropharmacology. Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Doctor Arce, 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Merlos
- Drug Discovery and Preclinical Development, Esteve, Scientific Park of Barcelona, Baldiri i Reixac 4-8, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Garzón
- Neuropharmacology. Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Doctor Arce, 37, 28002, Madrid, Spain
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72
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Gueguinou M, Crottès D, Chantôme A, Rapetti-Mauss R, Potier-Cartereau M, Clarysse L, Girault A, Fourbon Y, Jézéquel P, Guérin-Charbonnel C, Fromont G, Martin P, Pellissier B, Schiappa R, Chamorey E, Mignen O, Uguen A, Borgese F, Vandier C, Soriani O. The SigmaR1 chaperone drives breast and colorectal cancer cell migration by tuning SK3-dependent Ca 2+ homeostasis. Oncogene 2017; 36:3640-3647. [PMID: 28114279 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The remodeling of calcium homeostasis contributes to the cancer hallmarks and the molecular mechanisms involved in calcium channel regulation in tumors remain to be characterized. Here, we report that SigmaR1, a stress-activated chaperone, is required to increase calcium influx by triggering the coupling between SK3, a Ca2+-activated K+ channel (KCNN3) and the voltage-independent calcium channel Orai1. We show that SigmaR1 physically binds SK3 in BC cells. Inhibition of SigmaR1 activity, either by molecular silencing or by the use of sigma ligand (igmesine), decreased SK3 current and Ca2+ entry in breast cancer (BC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Interestingly, SigmaR1 inhibition diminished SK3 and/or Orai1 levels in lipid nanodomains isolated from BC cells. Analyses of tissue microarray from CRC patients showed higher SigmaR1 expression levels in cancer samples and a correlation with tumor grade. Moreover, the exploration of a cohort of 4937 BC patients indicated that high expression of SigmaR1 and Orai1 channels was significantly correlated to a lower overall survival. As the SK3/Orai1 tandem drives invasive process in CRC and bone metastasis progression in BC, our results may inaugurate innovative therapeutic approaches targeting SigmaR1 to control the remodeling of Ca2+ homeostasis in epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gueguinou
- Inserm-University U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - D Crottès
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - A Chantôme
- Inserm-University U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | | | | | - L Clarysse
- Inserm-University U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - A Girault
- Inserm-University U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - Y Fourbon
- Inserm-University U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - P Jézéquel
- Unité de Bioinfomique, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, UMR-INSERM 892, St Herblain, France
| | - C Guérin-Charbonnel
- Unité de Bioinfomique, Institut de Cancérologie de L'Ouest - René Gauducheau, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie, UMR-INSERM 892, St Herblain, France
| | - G Fromont
- Inserm-University U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
- Service d'Anatomie Pathologique, Hopital Bretonneau, CHRU Tours, Tours, France
| | - P Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - B Pellissier
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - R Schiappa
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques (UEB), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - E Chamorey
- Unité d'Epidémiologie et Biostatistiques (UEB), Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - O Mignen
- Department of Pathology, Inserm U1078, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - A Uguen
- Department of Pathology, Inserm U1078, Brest University Hospital, Brest, France
| | - F Borgese
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
| | - C Vandier
- Inserm-University U1069 Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Tours, France
| | - O Soriani
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, France
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73
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Zhang K, Zhao Z, Lan L, Wei X, Wang L, Liu X, Yan H, Zheng J. Sigma-1 Receptor Plays a Negative Modulation on N-type Calcium Channel. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:302. [PMID: 28603497 PMCID: PMC5445107 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor is a 223 amino acids molecular chaperone with a single transmembrane domain. It is resident to eukaryotic mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes. By chaperone-mediated interactions with ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors and cell-signaling molecules, the sigma-1 receptor performs broad physiological and pharmacological functions. Despite sigma-1 receptors have been confirmed to regulate various types of ion channels, the relationship between the sigma-1 receptor and N-type Ca2+ channel is still unclear. Considering both sigma-1 receptors and N-type Ca2+ channels are involved in intracellular calcium homeostasis and neurotransmission, we undertake studies to explore the possible interaction between these two proteins. In the experiment, we confirmed the expression of the sigma-1 receptors and the N-type calcium channels in the cholinergic interneurons (ChIs) in rat striatum by using single-cell reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (scRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. N-type Ca2+ currents recorded from ChIs in the brain slice of rat striatum was depressed when sigma-1 receptor agonists (SKF-10047 and Pre-084) were administrated. The inhibition was completely abolished by sigma-1 receptor antagonist (BD-1063). Co-expression of the sigma-1 receptors and the N-type calcium channels in Xenopus oocytes presented a decrease of N-type Ca2+ current amplitude with an increase of sigma-1 receptor expression. SKF-10047 could further depress N-type Ca2+ currents recorded from oocytes. The fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) demonstrated that sigma-1 receptors and N-type Ca2+ channels formed a protein complex when they were co-expressed in HEK-293T (Human Embryonic Kidney -293T) cells. Our results revealed that the sigma-1 receptors played a negative modulation on N-type Ca2+ channels. The mechanism for the inhibition of sigma-1 receptors on N-type Ca2+ channels probably involved a chaperone-mediated direct interaction and agonist-induced conformational changes in the receptor-channel complexes on the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China
| | - Zhe Zhao
- Department of Neurobiology, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical SciencesBeijing, China
| | - Liting Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China
| | - Liyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China
| | - Haitao Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China
| | - Jianquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and ToxicologyBeijing, China
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74
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Quattromani MJ, Pruvost M, Guerreiro C, Backlund F, Englund E, Aspberg A, Jaworski T, Hakon J, Ruscher K, Kaczmarek L, Vivien D, Wieloch T. Extracellular Matrix Modulation Is Driven by Experience-Dependent Plasticity During Stroke Recovery. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:2196-2213. [PMID: 28290150 PMCID: PMC5840227 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0461-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Following stroke, complete cellular death in the ischemic brain area may ensue, with remaining brain areas undergoing tissue remodelling to various degrees. Experience-dependent brain plasticity exerted through an enriched environment (EE) promotes remodelling after central nervous system injury, such as stroke. Post-stroke tissue reorganization is modulated by growth inhibitory molecules differentially expressed within the ischemic hemisphere, like chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans found in perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs in the neocortex predominantly enwrap parvalbumin-containing GABAergic (PV/GABA) neurons, important in sensori-information processing. Here, we investigate how extracellular matrix (ECM) proteases and their inhibitors may participate in the regulation of PNN integrity during stroke recovery. Rats were subjected to photothrombotic stroke in the motor cortex, and functional deficits were assessed at 7 days of recovery. Sham and stroked rats were housed in either standard or EE conditions for 5 days, and infarct volumes were calculated. PNNs were visualized by immunohistochemistry and counted in the somatosensory cortex of both hemispheres. mRNA expression levels of ECM proteases and protease inhibitors were assessed by RT-qPCR and their activity analyzed by gel zymography. PNNs and protease activity were also studied in brains from stroke patients where similar results were observed. EE starting 2 days after stroke and continuing for 5 days stimulated behavioral recovery of limb-placement ability without affecting infarct size. EE promoted a decrease of PNNs around PV/GABA neurons and a concomitant modulation of the proteolytic activity and mRNA expression of ECM proteases and protease inhibitors in the somatosensory cortex. This study provides molecular targets for novel therapies that could support rehabilitation of stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriana Jlenia Quattromani
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Mathilde Pruvost
- INSERM UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, GIP Cyceron, F-14074, Caen, France
| | - Carla Guerreiro
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Backlund
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Englund
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Lund University Hospital, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders Aspberg
- Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC C12, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tomasz Jaworski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakob Hakon
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Denis Vivien
- INSERM UMR-S U919, Serine Proteases and Pathophysiology of the Neurovascular Unit, Université Caen Basse Normandie, GIP Cyceron, F-14074, Caen, France.,Department of Clinical Research, Caen University Hospital, CHU Caen, 14000, Caen, France
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, 22184, Lund, Sweden
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75
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Soluble cpg15 from Astrocytes Ameliorates Neurite Outgrowth Recovery of Hippocampal Neurons after Mouse Cerebral Ischemia. J Neurosci 2017; 37:1628-1647. [PMID: 28069924 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1611-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study focuses on the function of cpg15, a neurotrophic factor, in ischemic neuronal recovery using transient global cerebral ischemic (TGI) mouse model and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD)-treated primary cultured cells. The results showed that expression of cpg15 proteins in astrocytes, predominantly the soluble form, was significantly increased in mouse hippocampus after TGI and in the cultured astrocytes after OGD. Addition of the medium from the cpg15-overexpressed astrocytic culture into the OGD-treated hippocampal neuronal cultures reduces the neuronal injury, whereas the recovery of neurite outgrowths of OGD-injured neurons was prevented when cpg15 in the OGD-treated astrocytes was knocked down, or the OGD-treated-astrocytic medium was immunoadsorbed by cpg15 antibody. Furthermore, lentivirus-delivered knockdown of cpg15 expression in mouse hippocampal astrocytes diminishes the dendritic branches and exacerbates injury of neurons in CA1 region after TGI. In addition, treatment with inhibitors of MEK1/2, PI3K, and TrkA decreases, whereas overexpression of p-CREB, but not dp-CREB, increases the expression of cpg15 in U118 or primary cultured astrocytes. Also, it is observed that the Flag-tagged soluble cpg15 from the astrocytes transfected with Flag-tagged cpg15-expressing plasmids adheres to the surface of neuronal bodies and the neurites. In conclusion, our results suggest that the soluble cpg15 from astrocytes induced by ischemia could ameliorate the recovery of the ischemic-injured hippocampal neurons via adhering to the surface of neurons. The upregulated expression of cpg15 in astrocytes may be activated via MAPK and PI3K signal pathways, and regulation of CREB phosphorylation.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Neuronal plasticity plays a crucial role in the amelioration of neurological recovery of ischemic injured brain, which remains a challenge for clinic treatment of cerebral ischemia. cpg15 as a synaptic plasticity-related factor may participate in promoting the recovery process; however, the underlying mechanisms are still largely unknown. The objective of this study is to reveal the function and mechanism of neuronal-specific cpg15 expressed in astrocytes after ischemia induction, in promoting the recovery of injured neurons. Our findings provided new mechanistic insight into the neurological recovery, which might help develop novel therapeutic options for cerebral ischemia via astrocytic-targeting interference of gene expression.
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76
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Mysona B, Kansara N, Zhao J, Bollinger K. The Role of Sigma 1 Receptor as a Neuroprotective Target in Glaucoma. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:299-307. [PMID: 28315279 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of sigma 1 receptor (S1R) in glaucoma is emerging as a promising field of study. Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy that shares common pathogenic mechanisms with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease . S1R modulates multiple cellular functions associated with neurodegeneration . These include Ca2+ ion homeostasis, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and oxidative stress , survival signaling pathways, neurotrophin secretion, and glial activation. S1R may also have neurorestorative properties including enhancement of neuronal plasticity and neurite outgrowth. Recent studies using agonists for S1R within the eye provide hope that it could be a therapeutic target for glaucoma. Understanding the role of S1R in glaucoma may help us to stop the progression of this sight threatening disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Mysona
- Departments of Cellular Biology and Anatomy and Ophthalmology and the James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Neil Kansara
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Kathryn Bollinger
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- The James and Jean Culver Vision Discovery Institute, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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77
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Nguyen L, Lucke-Wold BP, Mookerjee S, Kaushal N, Matsumoto RR. Sigma-1 Receptors and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Towards a Hypothesis of Sigma-1 Receptors as Amplifiers of Neurodegeneration and Neuroprotection. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:133-152. [PMID: 28315269 PMCID: PMC5500918 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptors are molecular chaperones that may act as pathological mediators and targets for novel therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Accumulating evidence indicates that sigma-1 ligands can either directly or indirectly modulate multiple neurodegenerative processes, including excitotoxicity, calcium dysregulation, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum dysfunction, inflammation, and astrogliosis. In addition, sigma-1 ligands may act as disease-modifying agents in the treatment for central nervous system (CNS) diseases by promoting the activity of neurotrophic factors and neural plasticity. Here, we summarize their neuroprotective and neurorestorative effects in different animal models of acute brain injury and chronic neurodegenerative diseases, and highlight their potential role in mitigating disease. Notably, current data suggest that sigma-1 receptor dysfunction worsens disease progression, whereas enhancement amplifies pre-existing functional mechanisms of neuroprotection and/or restoration to slow disease progression. Collectively, the data support a model of the sigma-1 receptor as an amplifier of intracellular signaling, and suggest future clinical applications of sigma-1 ligands as part of multi-therapy approaches to treat neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nguyen
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA
| | - Shona Mookerjee
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA
| | | | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, West Virginia University, 930 Chestnut Ridge Road, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA, 94592, USA.
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78
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Soriani O, Rapetti-Mauss R. Sigma 1 Receptor and Ion Channel Dynamics in Cancer. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 964:63-77. [PMID: 28315265 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-50174-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SigmaR1 is a multitasking chaperone protein which has mainly been studied in CNS physiological and pathophysiological processes such as pain, memory, neurodegenerative diseases (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis , Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases, retinal neurodegeneration ), stroke and addiction . Strikingly, G-protein and ion channels are the main client protein fami lies of this atypical chaperone and the recent advances that have been performed for the last 10 years demonstrate that SigmaR1 is principally activated following tissue injury and disease development to promote cell survival. In this chapter, we synthesize the data enhancing our comprehension of the interaction between SigmaR1 and ion channels and the unexpected consequences of such functional coupling in cancer development. We also describe a model in which the pro-survival functions of SigmaR1 observed in CNS pathologies are hijacked by cancer cells to shape their electrical signature and behavior in response to the tumor microenvironment .
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Soriani
- University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, 06108, Nice, France.
- Bâtiment Sciences Naturelles; UFR Sciences, 06108, Nice, France.
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79
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Ryskamp D, Wu J, Geva M, Kusko R, Grossman I, Hayden M, Bezprozvanny I. The sigma-1 receptor mediates the beneficial effects of pridopidine in a mouse model of Huntington disease. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 97:46-59. [PMID: 27818324 PMCID: PMC5214572 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The tri-nucleotide repeat expansion underlying Huntington disease (HD) results in corticostriatal synaptic dysfunction and subsequent neurodegeneration of striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs). HD is a devastating autosomal dominant disease with no disease-modifying treatments. Pridopidine, a postulated "dopamine stabilizer", has been shown to improve motor symptoms in clinical trials of HD. However, the target(s) and mechanism of action of pridopidine remain to be fully elucidated. As binding studies identified sigma-1 receptor (S1R) as a high-affinity receptor for pridopidine, we evaluated the relevance of S1R as a therapeutic target of pridopidine in HD. S1R is an endoplasmic reticulum - (ER) resident transmembrane protein and is regulated by ER calcium homeostasis, which is perturbed in HD. Consistent with ER calcium dysregulation, we observed striatal upregulation of S1R in aged YAC128 transgenic HD mice and HD patients. We previously demonstrated that dendritic MSN spines are lost in aged corticostriatal co-cultures from YAC128 mice. We report here that pridopidine and the chemically similar S1R agonist 3-PPP prevent MSN spine loss in aging YAC128 co-cultures. Spine protection was blocked by neuronal deletion of S1R. Pridopidine treatment suppressed supranormal ER Ca2+ release, restored ER calcium levels and reduced excessive store-operated calcium (SOC) entry in spines, which may account for its synaptoprotective effects. Normalization of ER Ca2+ levels by pridopidine was prevented by S1R deletion. To evaluate long-term effects of pridopidine, we analyzed expression profiles of calcium signaling genes. Pridopidine elevated striatal expression of calbindin and homer1a, whereas their striatal expression was reduced in aged Q175KI and YAC128 HD mouse models compared to WT. Pridopidine and 3-PPP are proposed to prevent calcium dysregulation and synaptic loss in a YAC128 corticostriatal co-culture model of HD. The actions of pridopidine were mediated by S1R and led to normalization of ER Ca2+ release, ER Ca2+ levels and spine SOC entry in YAC128 MSNs. This is a new potential mechanism of action for pridopidine, highlighting S1R as a potential target for HD therapy. Upregulation of striatal proteins that regulate calcium, including calbindin and homer1a, upon chronic therapy with pridopidine, may further contribute to long-term beneficial effects of pridopidine in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ryskamp
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Jun Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
| | - Michal Geva
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, 5 Basel St., Petach Tikva 49131, Israel.
| | | | - Iris Grossman
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, 5 Basel St., Petach Tikva 49131, Israel.
| | - Michael Hayden
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries, 5 Basel St., Petach Tikva 49131, Israel.
| | - Ilya Bezprozvanny
- Department of Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.
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80
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Katnik C, Garcia A, Behensky AA, Yasny IE, Shuster AM, Seredenin SB, Petrov AV, Cuevas J. Activation of σ1 and σ2 receptors by afobazole increases glial cell survival and prevents glial cell activation and nitrosative stress after ischemic stroke. J Neurochem 2016; 139:497-509. [PMID: 27488244 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Activation of sigma receptors at delayed time points has been shown to decrease injury following ischemic stroke. The mixed σ1/σ2 receptor agonist, 5-ethoxy-2-[2-(morpholino)-ethylthio]benzimidazole (afobazole), provides superior long-term outcomes compared to other σ ligands in the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) stroke model. Experiments using the MCAO model were carried out to determine the molecular mechanism involved in the beneficial effects of afobazole. Administration of afobazole (3 mg/kg) at delayed time points post-stroke significantly increased the number of microglia and astrocytes detected in the ipsilateral hemisphere at 96 h post-surgery. Morphological analysis of the microglia indicated that a greater number of these cells were found in the ramified resting state in MCAO animals treated with afobazole relative to MCAO vehicle controls. Similarly, fewer reactive astrocytes were detected in the injured hemisphere of afobazole-treated animals. Both the enhanced survival and reduced activation of glial cells were abolished by co-application of either a σ1 (BD-1063) or a σ2 (SM-21) receptor antagonist with afobazole. To gain further insight into the mechanisms by which afobazole lessens stroke injury, we probed the brain sections for markers of neuroinflammation (tumor necrosis factor α) and nitrosative stress (S-nitrosocysteine). Data show that afobazole significantly reduces S-nitrosocysteine levels, but does not alter tumor necrosis factor α expression 96 h after an ischemic stroke. Taken together our data indicate that afobazole acting via both σ1 and σ2 receptors decreases stroke injury by enhancing glial cell survival, blocking ischemia-induced glial cell activation, and decreasing nitrosative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Katnik
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Angela Garcia
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Adam A Behensky
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Javier Cuevas
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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81
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Aydar E, Stratton D, Fraser SP, Djamgoz MBA, Palmer C. Sigma-1 receptors modulate neonatal Na v1.5 ion channels in breast cancer cell lines. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 2016; 45:671-683. [PMID: 27160185 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-016-1135-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to investigate a possible functional connection between sigma-1 receptors and voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) in human breast cancer cells. The hypothesis was that sigma-1 drugs could alter the metastatic properties of breast cancer cells via the VGSC. Evidence was found for expression of sigma-1 receptor and neonatal Nav1.5 (nNav1.5) expression in both MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells. Sigma-1 drugs (SKF10047 and dimethyltryptamine) did not affect cell proliferation or migration but significantly reduced adhesion to the substrate. Silencing sigma-1 receptor expression by siRNA similarly reduced the adhesion. Blocking nNav1.5 activity with a polyclonal antibody (NESOpAb) targeting an extracellular region of nNav1.5 also reduced the adhesion in both cell lines. Importantly, the results of combined treatments with NESOpAb and a sigma-1 drug or sigma-1 siRNA suggested that both treatments targeted the same mechanism. The possibility was tested, therefore, that the sigma-1 receptor and the nNav1.5 channel formed a physical, functional complex. This suggestion was supported by the results of co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Furthermore, application of sigma-1 drugs to the cells reduced the surface expression of nNav1.5 protein, which could explain how sigma-1 receptor activation could alter the metastatic behaviour of breast cancer cells. Overall, these results are consistent with the idea of a sigma-1 protein behaving like either a "chaperone" or a regulatory subunit associated with nNav1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Aydar
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, 11/43 Bath Street, London, EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Dan Stratton
- Faculty of Life Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, N7 8DB, UK
| | - Scott P Fraser
- Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Mustafa B A Djamgoz
- Neuroscience Solutions to Cancer Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Sir Alexander Fleming Building, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Biotechnology Research Centre (BRC), Cyprus International University, Haspolat, Lefkosa, Cyprus
| | - Christopher Palmer
- Faculty of Life Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, N7 8DB, UK.
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82
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Carbonaro TM, Gatch MB. Neuropharmacology of N,N-dimethyltryptamine. Brain Res Bull 2016; 126:74-88. [PMID: 27126737 PMCID: PMC5048497 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) is an indole alkaloid widely found in plants and animals. It is best known for producing brief and intense psychedelic effects when ingested. Increasing evidence suggests that endogenous DMT plays important roles for a number of processes in the periphery and central nervous system, and may act as a neurotransmitter. This paper reviews the current literature of both the recreational use of DMT and its potential roles as an endogenous neurotransmitter. Pharmacokinetics, mechanisms of action in the periphery and central nervous system, clinical uses and adverse effects are also reviewed. DMT appears to have limited neurotoxicity and other adverse effects except for intense cardiovascular effects when administered intravenously in large doses. Because of its role in nervous system signaling, DMT may be a useful experimental tool in exploring how the brain works, and may also be a useful clinical tool for treatment of anxiety and psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M Carbonaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Michael B Gatch
- Center for Neuroscience Discovery University of North Texas Health Science Center Fort Worth, TX, United States.
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83
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Kwon SG, Roh DH, Yoon SY, Choi SR, Choi HS, Moon JY, Kang SY, Kim HW, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Oh SB, Lee JH. Role of peripheral sigma-1 receptors in ischaemic pain: Potential interactions with ASIC and P2X receptors. Eur J Pain 2016; 20:594-606. [PMID: 26358747 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of peripheral sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) in normal nociception and in pathologically induced pain conditions has not been thoroughly investigated. Since there is mounting evidence that Sig-1Rs modulate ischaemia-induced pathological conditions, we investigated the role of Sig-1Rs in ischaemia-induced mechanical allodynia (MA) and addressed their possible interaction with acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) and P2X receptors at the ischaemic site. METHODS We used a rodent model of hindlimb thrombus-induced ischaemic pain (TIIP) to investigate their role. Western blot was performed to observe changes in Sig-1R expression in peripheral nervous tissues. MA was measured after intraplantar (i.pl.) injections of antagonists for the Sig-1, ASIC and P2X receptors in TIIP rats or agonists of each receptor in naïve rats. RESULTS Sig-1R expression significantly increased in skin, sciatic nerve and dorsal root ganglia at 3 days post-TIIP surgery. I.pl. injections of the Sig-1R antagonist, BD-1047 on post-operative days 0-3 significantly attenuated the development of MA during the induction phase, but had no effect on MA when given during the maintenance phase (days 3-6 post-surgery). BD-1047 synergistically increased amiloride (an ASICs blocker)- and TNP-ATP (a P2X antagonist)-induced analgesic effects in TIIP rats. In naïve rats, i.pl. injection of Sig-1R agonist PRE-084 alone did not produce MA; but it did induce MA when co-administered with either an acidic pH solution or a sub-effective dose of αβmeATP. CONCLUSION Peripheral Sig-1Rs contribute to the induction of ischaemia-induced MA via facilitation of ASICs and P2X receptors. Thus, peripheral Sig-1Rs represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of ischaemic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - D H Roh
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Y Yoon
- Pain Cognitive Function Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - S R Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - H S Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - J Y Moon
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - S Y Kang
- KM Fundamental Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - H W Kim
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Brain Research, Chungnam National University Medical School, Daejeon, Korea
| | - H J Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - A J Beitz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, USA
| | - S B Oh
- Pain Cognitive Function Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Korea
- Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, Research Institute for Veterinary Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea
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Su TP, Su TC, Nakamura Y, Tsai SY. The Sigma-1 Receptor as a Pluripotent Modulator in Living Systems. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2016; 37:262-278. [PMID: 26869505 PMCID: PMC4811735 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2016.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein that resides specifically in the mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane (MAM), an interface between ER and mitochondria. In addition to being able to translocate to the plasma membrane (PM) to interact with ion channels and other receptors, Sig-1R also occurs at the nuclear envelope, where it recruits chromatin-remodeling factors to affect the transcription of genes. Sig-1Rs have also been reported to interact with other membranous or soluble proteins at other loci, including the cytosol, and to be involved in several central nervous system (CNS) diseases. Here, we propose that Sig-1R is a pluripotent modulator with resultant multiple functional manifestations in living systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Ping Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.
| | - Tzu-Chieh Su
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yoki Nakamura
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Shang-Yi Tsai
- Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
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85
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Wali B, Ishrat T, Stein DG, Sayeed I. Progesterone improves long-term functional and histological outcomes after permanent stroke in older rats. Behav Brain Res 2016; 305:46-56. [PMID: 26921692 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown progesterone to be beneficial in animal models of central nervous system injury, but less is known about its longer-term sustained effects on recovery of function following stroke. We evaluated progesterone's effects on a panel of behavioral tests up to 8 weeks after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion (pMCAO). Male Sprague-Dawley rats 12m.o. were subjected to pMCAO and, beginning 3h post-pMCAO, given intraperitoneal injections of progesterone (8mg/kg) or vehicle, followed by subcutaneous injections at 8h and then every 24h for 7 days, with tapering of the last 2 treatments. The rats were then tested on functional recovery at 3, 6 and 8 weeks post-stroke. We observed that progesterone-treated animals showed attenuation of infarct volume and improved functional outcomes at 8 weeks after stroke on grip strength, sensory neglect, motor coordination and spatial navigation tests. Progesterone treatments significantly improved motor deficits in the affected limb on a number of gait parameters. Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression was increased in the vehicle group and considerably lowered in the progesterone group at 8 weeks post-stroke. With repeated post-stroke testing, sensory neglect and some aspects of spatial learning performance showed spontaneous recovery, but on gait and grip-strength measres progesterone given only in the acute stage of stroke (first 7 days) showed sustained beneficial effects on all other measures of functional recovery up to 8 weeks post-stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Wali
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Tauheed Ishrat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Donald G Stein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Iqbal Sayeed
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brain Research Laboratory, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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87
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Moriguchi S, Sakagami H, Yabuki Y, Sasaki Y, Izumi H, Zhang C, Han F, Fukunaga K. Stimulation of Sigma-1 Receptor Ameliorates Depressive-like Behaviors in CaMKIV Null Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 52:1210-1222. [PMID: 25316382 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-8923-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a molecular chaperone regulating calcium efflux from the neuronal endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) null mice exhibit depressive-like behaviors and impaired neurogenesis as assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into newborn cells of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). Here, we demonstrate that chronic stimulation of Sig-1R by treatment with the agonist SA4503 or the SSRI fluvoxamine for 14 days improves depressive-like behaviors in CaMKIV null mice. By contrast, treatment with paroxetine, which lacks affinity for Sig-1R, did not alter these behaviors. Reduced numbers of BrdU-positive cells and decreased brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression and protein kinase B (Akt; Ser-473) phosphorylation seen in the DG of CaMKIV null mice were significantly rescued by chronic Sig-1R stimulation. Interestingly, reduced ATP production observed in the DG of CaMKIV null mice was improved by chronic Sig-1R stimulation. Such stimulation also improved hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) induction and maintenance, which are impaired in the DG of CaMKIV null mice. LTP rescue was closely associated with both increases in calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) autophosphorylation and GluA1 (Ser-831) phosphorylation. Taken together, Sig-1R stimulation by SA4503 or fluvoxamine treatment increased hippocampal neurogenesis, which is closely associated with amelioration of depressive-like behaviors in CaMKIV null mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Moriguchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Sakagami
- Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Yasushi Yabuki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sasaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Hisanao Izumi
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kohji Fukunaga
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8578, Japan.
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Caleo M. Rehabilitation and plasticity following stroke: Insights from rodent models. Neuroscience 2015; 311:180-94. [PMID: 26493858 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.10.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic injuries within the motor cortex result in functional deficits that may profoundly impact activities of daily living in patients. Current rehabilitation protocols achieve only limited recovery of motor abilities. The brain reorganizes spontaneously after injury, and it is believed that appropriately boosting these neuroplastic processes may restore function via recruitment of spared areas and pathways. Here I review studies on circuit reorganization, neuronal and glial plasticity and axonal sprouting following ischemic damage to the forelimb motor cortex, with a particular focus on rodent models. I discuss evidence pointing to compensatory take-over of lost functions by adjacent peri-lesional areas and the role of the contralesional hemisphere in recovery. One key issue is the need to distinguish "true" recovery (i.e. re-establishment of original movement patterns) from compensation in the assessment of post-stroke functional gains. I also consider the effects of physical rehabilitation, including robot-assisted therapy, and the potential mechanisms by which motor training induces recovery. Finally, I describe experimental approaches in which training is coupled with delivery of plasticizing drugs that render the remaining, undamaged pathways more sensitive to experience-dependent modifications. These combinatorial strategies hold promise for the definition of more effective rehabilitation paradigms that can be translated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Caleo
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy; The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, P.zza Martiri della Libertà 33, 56127 Pisa, Italy.
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Abstract
This review compares the biological and physiological function of Sigma receptors [σRs] and their potential therapeutic roles. Sigma receptors are widespread in the central nervous system and across multiple peripheral tissues. σRs consist of sigma receptor one (σ1R) and sigma receptor two (σ2R) and are expressed in numerous regions of the brain. The sigma receptor was originally proposed as a subtype of opioid receptors and was suggested to contribute to the delusions and psychoses induced by benzomorphans such as SKF-10047 and pentazocine. Later studies confirmed that σRs are non-opioid receptors (not an µ opioid receptor) and play a more diverse role in intracellular signaling, apoptosis and metabolic regulation. σ1Rs are intracellular receptors acting as chaperone proteins that modulate Ca2+ signaling through the IP3 receptor. They dynamically translocate inside cells, hence are transmembrane proteins. The σ1R receptor, at the mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane, is responsible for mitochondrial metabolic regulation and promotes mitochondrial energy depletion and apoptosis. Studies have demonstrated that they play a role as a modulator of ion channels (K+ channels; N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors [NMDAR]; inositol 1,3,5 triphosphate receptors) and regulate lipid transport and metabolism, neuritogenesis, cellular differentiation and myelination in the brain. σ1R modulation of Ca2+ release, modulation of cardiac myocyte contractility and may have links to G-proteins. It has been proposed that σ1Rs are intracellular signal transduction amplifiers. This review of the literature examines the mechanism of action of the σRs, their interaction with neurotransmitters, pharmacology, location and adverse effects mediated through them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin G Rousseaux
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , University of Ottawa , Ottawa , ON , Canada and
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90
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Malik M, Rangel-Barajas C, Sumien N, Su C, Singh M, Chen Z, Huang RQ, Meunier J, Maurice T, Mach RH, Luedtke RR. The effects of sigma (σ1) receptor-selective ligands on muscarinic receptor antagonist-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2519-31. [PMID: 25573298 PMCID: PMC4409904 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cognitive deficits in patients with Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, traumatic brain injury and stroke often involve alterations in cholinergic signalling. Currently available therapeutic drugs provide only symptomatic relief. Therefore, novel therapeutic strategies are needed to retard and/or arrest the progressive loss of memory. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Scopolamine-induced memory impairment provides a rapid and reversible phenotypic screening paradigm for cognition enhancement drug discovery. Male C57BL/6J mice given scopolamine (1 mg·kg(-1) ) were used to evaluate the ability of LS-1-137, a novel sigma (σ1) receptor-selective agonist, to improve the cognitive deficits associated with muscarinic antagonist administration. KEY RESULTS LS-1-137 is a high-affinity (Ki = 3.2 nM) σ1 receptor agonist that is 80-fold selective for σ1, compared with σ2 receptors. LS-1-137 binds with low affinity at D2-like (D2, D3 and D4) dopamine and muscarinic receptors. LS-1-137 was found to partially reverse the learning deficits associated with scopolamine administration using a water maze test and an active avoidance task. LS-1-137 treatment was also found to trigger the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from rat astrocytes. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The σ1 receptor-selective compound LS-1-137 may represent a novel candidate cognitive enhancer for the treatment of muscarinic receptor-dependent cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maninder Malik
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Rangel-Barajas
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Nathalie Sumien
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Chang Su
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Meharvan Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Zhenglan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Ren-Qi Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Johann Meunier
- AMYLGENMontferrier-surLez, France
- 3 INSERM U. 710Montpellier, France
| | - Tangui Maurice
- AMYLGENMontferrier-surLez, France
- 3 INSERM U. 710Montpellier, France
- University of MontpellierMontpellier, France
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphia, PA, USA
| | - Robert R Luedtke
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of North Texas Health Science CenterFort Worth, TX, USA
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Weissberg I, Wood L, Kamintsky L, Vazquez O, Milikovsky DZ, Alexander A, Oppenheim H, Ardizzone C, Becker A, Frigerio F, Vezzani A, Buckwalter MS, Huguenard JR, Friedman A, Kaufer D. Albumin induces excitatory synaptogenesis through astrocytic TGF-β/ALK5 signaling in a model of acquired epilepsy following blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 78:115-25. [PMID: 25836421 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-injury epilepsy (PIE) is a common complication following brain insults, including ischemic, and traumatic brain injuries. At present, there are no means to identify the patients at risk to develop PIE or to prevent its development. Seizures can occur months or years after the insult, do not respond to anti-seizure medications in over third of the patients, and are often associated with significant neuropsychiatric morbidities. We have previously established the critical role of blood-brain barrier dysfunction in PIE, demonstrating that exposure of brain tissue to extravasated serum albumin induces activation of inflammatory transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in astrocytes and eventually seizures. However, the link between the acute astrocytic inflammatory responses and reorganization of neural networks that underlie recurrent spontaneous seizures remains unknown. Here we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo that activation of the astrocytic ALK5/TGF-β-pathway induces excitatory, but not inhibitory, synaptogenesis that precedes the appearance of seizures. Moreover, we show that treatment with SJN2511, a specific ALK5/TGF-β inhibitor, prevents synaptogenesis and epilepsy. Our findings point to astrocyte-mediated synaptogenesis as a key epileptogenic process and highlight the manipulation of the TGF-β-pathway as a potential strategy for the prevention of PIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Weissberg
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Lydia Wood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
| | - Lyn Kamintsky
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Oscar Vazquez
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
| | - Dan Z Milikovsky
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Allyson Alexander
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hannah Oppenheim
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
| | - Carolyn Ardizzone
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA
| | - Albert Becker
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn 53105, Germany
| | - Federica Frigerio
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Vezzani
- Department of Neuroscience, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Milan, Italy
| | - Marion S Buckwalter
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - John R Huguenard
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alon Friedman
- Departments of Physiology and Cell Biology, Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Zlotowski Center for Neuroscience, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
| | - Daniela Kaufer
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA; Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140, USA; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR) Program in Child and Brain Development Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada.
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Walter HL, van der Maten G, Antunes AR, Wieloch T, Ruscher K. Treatment with AMD3100 attenuates the microglial response and improves outcome after experimental stroke. J Neuroinflammation 2015; 12:24. [PMID: 25881123 PMCID: PMC4329193 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-014-0232-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recovery of lost neurological function after stroke is limited and dependent on multiple mechanisms including inflammatory processes. Selective pharmacological modulation of inflammation might be a promising approach to improve stroke outcome. Methods We used 1,1′-[1,4-phenylenebis(methylene)]bis[1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane] (AMD3100), an antagonist to the C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4) and potential allosteric agonist to CXCR7, administered to mice twice daily from day 2 after induction of photothrombosis (PT). In addition to functional outcome, the dynamics of post-stroke microglia response were monitored in vivo by 2-photon-laser-microscopy in heterozygous transgenic CX3CR1-green fluorescent protein (GFP) mice (CX3CR1GFP/+) and complemented with analyses for fractalkine (FKN) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results We found a significantly enhanced recovery and modified microglia activation without affecting infarct size in mice treated with AMD3100 after PT. AMD3100 treatment significantly reduced the number of microglia in the peri-infarct area accompanied by stabilization of soma size and ramified cell morphology. Within the ischemic infarct core of AMD3100 treated wild-type mice we obtained significantly reduced levels of the endogenous CX3CR1 ligand FKN and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. Interestingly, in CX3CR1-deficient mice (homozygous transgenic CX3CR1-GFP mice) subjected to PT, the levels of FKN were significantly lower compared to their wild-type littermates. Moreover, AMD3100 treatment did not induce any relevant changes of cytokine levels in CX3CR1 deficient mice. Conclusion After AMD3100 treatment, attenuation of microglia activation contributes to enhanced recovery of lost neurological function in experimental stroke possibly due to a depression of FKN levels in the brain. We further hypothesize that this mechanism is dependent on a functional receptor CX3CR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene L Walter
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Gerlinde van der Maten
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ana Rita Antunes
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184, Lund, Sweden.
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Xu R, Lord SA, Peterson RM, Fergason-Cantrell EA, Lever JR, Lever SZ. Ether modifications to 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (SA4503): effects on binding affinity and selectivity for sigma receptors and monoamine transporters. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:222-30. [PMID: 25468036 PMCID: PMC4274187 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two series of novel ether analogs of the sigma (σ) receptor ligand 1-[2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl]-4-(3-phenylpropyl)piperazine (SA4503) have been prepared. In one series, the alkyl portion of the 4-methoxy group was replaced with allyl, propyl, bromoethyl, benzyl, phenethyl, and phenylpropyl moieties. In the second series, the 3,4-dimethoxy was replaced with cyclic methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy and propylenedioxy groups. These ligands, along with 4-O-des-methyl SA4503, were evaluated for σ1 and σ2 receptor affinity, and compared to SA4503 and several known ether analogs. SA4503 and a subset of ether analogs were also evaluated for dopamine transporter (DAT) and serotonin transporter (SERT) affinity. The highest σ1 receptor affinities, Ki values of 1.75-4.63 nM, were observed for 4-O-des-methyl SA4503, SA4503 and the methylenedioxy analog. As steric bulk increased, σ1 receptor affinity decreased, but only to a point. Allyl, propyl and bromoethyl substitutions gave σ1 receptor Ki values in the 20-30 nM range, while bulkier analogs having phenylalkyl, and Z- and E-iodoallyl, ether substitutions showed higher σ1 affinities, with Ki values in the 13-21 nM range. Most ligands studied exhibited comparable σ1 and σ2 affinities, resulting in little to no subtype selectivity. SA4503, the fluoroethyl analog and the methylenedioxy congener showed modest six- to fourteen-fold selectivity for σ1 sites. DAT and SERT interactions proved much more sensitive than σ receptor interactions to these structural modifications. For example, the benzyl congener (σ1Ki=20.8 nM; σ2Ki=16.4 nM) showed over 100-fold higher DAT affinity (Ki=121 nM) and 6-fold higher SERT affinity (Ki=128nM) than the parent SA4503 (DAT Ki=12650 nM; SERT Ki=760 nM). Thus, ether modifications to the SA4503 scaffold can provide polyfunctional ligands having a broader spectrum of possible pharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Sarah A Lord
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ryan M Peterson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Emily A Fergason-Cantrell
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - John R Lever
- Department of Radiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Susan Z Lever
- Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA; Department of MU Research Reactor Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA.
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Ruscher K, Wieloch T. The involvement of the sigma-1 receptor in neurodegeneration and neurorestoration. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:30-5. [PMID: 25704015 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor (Sig-1R) is a single 25 kD polypeptide and a chaperone protein immersed in lipid rafts of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) where it interacts with mitochondria at the mitochondria-associated ER membrane domain (MAM). Upon activation, the Sig-1R binds to the inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3R), and modulates cellular calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis. Also, the activated Sig-1R modulates plasma membrane receptor and ion channel functions, and may regulate cellular excitability. Further, the Sig-1R promotes trafficking of lipids and proteins essential for neurotransmission, cell growth and motility. Activation of the Sig-1R provides neuroprotection and is neurorestorative in cellular and animal models of neurodegenerative diseases and brain ischaemia. Neuroprotection appears to be due to inhibition of cellular Ca(2+) toxicity and/or inflammation, and neurorestoration may include balancing abberant neurotransmission or stimulation of synaptogenesis, thus remodelling brain connectivity. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations of the SIGMAR1 gene worsen outcome in Alzheimer's disease and myotrophic lateral sclerosis supporting a role of Sig-1R in neurodegenerative disease. The combined neuroprotective and neurorestorative actions of the Sig-1R, provide a broad therapeutic time window of Sig-1R agonists. The Sig-1R is therefore a strong therapeutic target for the development of new treatments for neurodegenerative diseases and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karsten Ruscher
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, BMC A13, S-22184 Lund, Sweden.
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95
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Nguyen L, Lucke-Wold BP, Mookerjee SA, Cavendish JZ, Robson MJ, Scandinaro AL, Matsumoto RR. Role of sigma-1 receptors in neurodegenerative diseases. J Pharmacol Sci 2015; 127:17-29. [PMID: 25704014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases with distinct genetic etiologies and pathological phenotypes appear to share common mechanisms of neuronal cellular dysfunction, including excitotoxicity, calcium dysregulation, oxidative damage, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. Glial cells, including microglia and astrocytes, play an increasingly recognized role in both the promotion and prevention of neurodegeneration. Sigma receptors, particularly the sigma-1 receptor subtype, which are expressed in both neurons and glia of multiple regions within the central nervous system, are a unique class of intracellular proteins that can modulate many biological mechanisms associated with neurodegeneration. These receptors therefore represent compelling putative targets for pharmacologically treating neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the biological mechanisms frequently associated with neurodegeneration, and discuss how sigma-1 receptors may alter these mechanisms to preserve or restore neuronal function. In addition, we speculate on their therapeutic potential in the treatment of various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Nguyen
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Brandon P Lucke-Wold
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Shona A Mookerjee
- Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, United States
| | - John Z Cavendish
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Matthew J Robson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 465 21st Ave, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Anna L Scandinaro
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States
| | - Rae R Matsumoto
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, School of Pharmacy, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Behavioral Medicine and Psychiatry, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, West Virginia University, School of Medicine, One Medical Center Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States; Department of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Touro University California, College of Pharmacy, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, United States.
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96
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Tsai SYA, Pokrass MJ, Klauer NR, De Credico NE, Su TP. Sigma-1 receptor chaperones in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2014; 18:1461-76. [PMID: 25331742 PMCID: PMC5518923 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2014.972939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sigma-1 receptors (Sig-1Rs) are molecular chaperones that reside mainly in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but exist also in the proximity of the plasma membrane. Sig-1Rs are highly expressed in the CNS and are involved in many cellular processes including cell differentiation, neuritogenesis, microglia activation, protein quality control, calcium-mediated ER stress and ion channel modulation. Disturbance in any of the above cellular processes can accelerate the progression of many neurological disorders; therefore, the Sig-1R has been implicated in several neurological diseases. AREAS COVERED This review broadly covers the functions of Sig-1Rs including several neurodegenerative disorders in humans and drug addiction-associated neurological disturbance in the case of HIV infection. We discuss how several Sig-1R ligands could be utilized in therapeutic approaches to treat those disorders. EXPERT OPINION Emerging understanding of the cellular functions of this unique transmembrane chaperone may lead to the use of new agents or broaden the use of certain available ligands as therapeutic targets in those neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yi A Tsai
- National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institutes of Health, Cellular Pathobiology Section, Integral Neuroscience Branch , Baltimore, MD 21224 , USA ;
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97
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Moon JY, Roh DH, Yoon SY, Choi SR, Kwon SG, Choi HS, Kang SY, Han HJ, Beitz AJ, Oh SB, Lee JH. σ1 receptors activate astrocytes via p38 MAPK phosphorylation leading to the development of mechanical allodynia in a mouse model of neuropathic pain. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5881-97. [PMID: 25158784 PMCID: PMC4290724 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Revised: 08/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Spinal astrocytes have emerged as important mechanistic contributors to the genesis of mechanical allodynia (MA) in neuropathic pain. We recently demonstrated that the spinal sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 (σ1 receptor) modulates p38 MAPK phosphorylation (p-p38), which plays a critical role in the induction of MA in neuropathic rats. However, the histological and physiological relationships among σ1, p-p38 and astrocyte activation is unclear. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We investigated: (i) the precise location of σ1 receptors and p-p38 in spinal dorsal horn; (ii) whether the inhibition of σ1 receptors or p38 modulates chronic constriction injury (CCI)-induced astrocyte activation; and (iii) whether this modulation of astrocyte activity is associated with MA development in CCI mice. KEY RESULTS The expression of σ1 receptors was significantly increased in astrocytes on day 3 following CCI surgery. Sustained intrathecal treatment with the σ1 antagonist, BD-1047, attenuated CCI-induced increase in GFAP-immunoreactive astrocytes, and the treatment combined with fluorocitrate, an astrocyte metabolic inhibitor, synergistically reduced the development of MA, but not thermal hyperalgesia. The number of p-p38-ir astrocytes and neurons, but not microglia was significantly increased. Interestingly, intrathecal BD-1047 attenuated the expression of p-p38 selectively in astrocytes but not in neurons. Moreover, intrathecal treatment with a p38 inhibitor attenuated the GFAP expression, and this treatment combined with fluorocitrate synergistically blocked the induction of MA. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Spinal σ1 receptors are localized in astrocytes and blockade of σ1 receptors inhibits the pathological activation of astrocytes via modulation of p-p38, which ultimately prevents the development of MA in neuropathic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Moon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - D H Roh
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration, Kyung Hee University School of DentistrySeoul, Korea
| | - S Y Yoon
- Laboratory of Molecular Signal Transduction, Center for Neural Science, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST)Seoul, Korea
| | - S R Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - S G Kwon
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - H S Choi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - S Y Kang
- Acupuncture, Moxibustion and Meridian Research Group, Medical Research Division, Korea Institute of Oriental MedicineDaejeon, Korea
| | - H J Han
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - A J Beitz
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of MinnesotaSt Paul, MN, USA
| | - S B Oh
- Pain Cognitive Function Research Center, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences College of Natural Sciences, Dental Research Institute and Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National UniversitySeoul, Korea
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98
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Urfer R, Moebius HJ, Skoloudik D, Santamarina E, Sato W, Mita S, Muir KW. Phase II trial of the Sigma-1 receptor agonist cutamesine (SA4503) for recovery enhancement after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 2014; 45:3304-10. [PMID: 25270629 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.114.005835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The σ-1 receptor (Sig-1R) agonist cutamesine (SA4503) enhanced functional recovery after experimental stroke with a treatment initiation window of 48 hours and chronic treatment for 28 days. We conducted a phase 2 clinical trial exploring the safety, tolerability, dose range, and functional effects of cutamesine in patients with ischemic stroke. METHODS Subjects were randomized between 48 and 72 hours after stroke to receive cutamesine 1 mg/d, 3 mg/d, or placebo for 28 days. Effects on safety and function were assessed at baseline, at end of treatment (day 28), and at end of follow-up (day 56). RESULTS In 60 patients, treatment with both cutamesine dosages was safe and well tolerated without significant differences in numbers of treatment emergent or serious adverse events. No significant effect was observed on the primary efficacy measure (change in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from baseline to day 56) or modified Rankin Scale and Barthel Index scores. Post hoc analysis of moderately and severely affected patients (baseline National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, ≥7 and ≥10) showed greater National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale improvements in the 3 mg/d cutamesine group when compared with placebo (P=0.034 and P=0.038, respectively). A trend toward a higher proportion being able to complete a 10m timed walk was observed for cutamesine-treated subjects. CONCLUSIONS Cutamesine was safe and well tolerated at both dosage levels. Although no significant effects on functional end points were seen in the population as a whole, greater improvement in National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores among patients with greater pretreatment deficits seen in post hoc analysis warrants further investigation. Additional studies should focus on the patient population with moderate-to-severe stroke. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT00639249. Unique identifier: NCT00639249. The EudraCT number is 2007-004840-60 (https://www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2007-004840-60/GB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Urfer
- From the M's Science Corporation, Kobe, Japan (R.U., W.S., S.M.); Moebius-Consult GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland (H.J.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic (D.S.); Neurovascular Unit, Hospital Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (E.S.); and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (K.W.M.)
| | - Hans J Moebius
- From the M's Science Corporation, Kobe, Japan (R.U., W.S., S.M.); Moebius-Consult GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland (H.J.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic (D.S.); Neurovascular Unit, Hospital Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (E.S.); and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (K.W.M.)
| | - David Skoloudik
- From the M's Science Corporation, Kobe, Japan (R.U., W.S., S.M.); Moebius-Consult GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland (H.J.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic (D.S.); Neurovascular Unit, Hospital Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (E.S.); and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (K.W.M.)
| | - Estevo Santamarina
- From the M's Science Corporation, Kobe, Japan (R.U., W.S., S.M.); Moebius-Consult GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland (H.J.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic (D.S.); Neurovascular Unit, Hospital Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (E.S.); and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (K.W.M.)
| | - Wakao Sato
- From the M's Science Corporation, Kobe, Japan (R.U., W.S., S.M.); Moebius-Consult GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland (H.J.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic (D.S.); Neurovascular Unit, Hospital Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (E.S.); and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (K.W.M.)
| | - Shiro Mita
- From the M's Science Corporation, Kobe, Japan (R.U., W.S., S.M.); Moebius-Consult GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland (H.J.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic (D.S.); Neurovascular Unit, Hospital Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (E.S.); and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (K.W.M.)
| | - Keith W Muir
- From the M's Science Corporation, Kobe, Japan (R.U., W.S., S.M.); Moebius-Consult GmbH, Zurich, Switzerland (H.J.M.); Department of Neurology, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic (D.S.); Neurovascular Unit, Hospital Vall Hebron, Barcelona, Spain (E.S.); and Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Southern General Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom (K.W.M.).
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99
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Lövkvist H, Jönsson AC, Luthman H, Jood K, Jern C, Wieloch T, Lindgren A. Variations in apolipoprotein D and sigma non-opioid intracellular receptor 1 genes with relation to risk, severity and outcome of ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:191. [PMID: 25261976 PMCID: PMC4186220 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-014-0191-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In experimental studies, the apolipoprotein D (APOD) and the sigma receptor type 1 (SIGMAR1) have been related to processes of brain damage, repair and plasticity. METHODS We examined blood samples from 3081 ischemic stroke (IS) patients and 1595 control subjects regarding 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APOD (chromosomal location 3q29) and SIGMAR1 (chromosomal location 9p13) genes to find possible associations with IS risk, IS severity (NIHSS-score) and recovery after IS (modified Rankin Scale, mRS, at 90 days). Simple/multiple logistic regression and Spearman's rho were utilized for the analyses. RESULTS Among the SNPs analyzed, rs7659 within the APOD gene showed a possible association with stroke risk (OR = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.01-1.25; P = 0.029) and stroke severity (NIHSS ≥ 16) (OR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.54-0.92; P = 0.009) when controlling for age, sex and vascular risk factors for stroke. No SNP showed an association with stroke recovery (mRS). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the SNP rs7659 within the APOD gene might be related to risk and severity of ischemic stroke in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håkan Lövkvist
- />Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- />Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
- />R&D Centre Skåne, Skåne University Hospital, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Holger Luthman
- />Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Medical Genetics, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Katarina Jood
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Christina Jern
- />Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- />Department of Neurosurgery, Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Arne Lindgren
- />Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- />Department of Neurology and Rehabilitation Medicine, Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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100
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Francardo V, Bez F, Wieloch T, Nissbrandt H, Ruscher K, Cenci MA. Pharmacological stimulation of sigma-1 receptors has neurorestorative effects in experimental parkinsonism. Brain 2014; 137:1998-2014. [PMID: 24755275 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sigma-1 receptor, an endoplasmic reticulum-associated molecular chaperone, is attracting great interest as a potential target for neuroprotective treatments. We provide the first evidence that pharmacological modulation of this protein produces functional neurorestoration in experimental parkinsonism. Mice with intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine lesions were treated daily with the selective sigma-1 receptor agonist, PRE-084, for 5 weeks. At the dose of 0.3 mg/kg/day, PRE-084 produced a gradual and significant improvement of spontaneous forelimb use. The behavioural recovery was paralleled by an increased density of dopaminergic fibres in the most denervated striatal regions, by a modest recovery of dopamine levels, and by an upregulation of neurotrophic factors (BDNF and GDNF) and their downstream effector pathways (extracellular signal regulated kinases 1/2 and Akt). No treatment-induced behavioural-histological restoration occurred in sigma-1 receptor knockout mice subjected to 6-hydroxydopamine lesions and treated with PRE-084. Immunoreactivity for the sigma-1 receptor protein was evident in both astrocytes and neurons in the substantia nigra and the striatum, and its intracellular distribution was modulated by PRE-084 (the treatment resulted in a wider intracellular distribution of the protein). Our results suggest that sigma-1 receptor regulates endogenous defence and plasticity mechanisms in experimental parkinsonism. Boosting the activity of this protein may have disease-modifying effects in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Francardo
- 1 Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC F11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Francesco Bez
- 1 Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC F11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Tadeusz Wieloch
- 2 Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hans Nissbrandt
- 3 Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karsten Ruscher
- 2 Laboratory for Experimental Brain Research, Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Wallenberg Neuroscience Centre, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Angela Cenci
- 1 Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC F11, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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