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Role of let-7 family microRNA in breast cancer. Noncoding RNA Res 2016; 1:77-82. [PMID: 30159414 PMCID: PMC6096426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis and resistance to therapy significantly contribute to cancer-related deaths. Growing body of evidence suggest that altered expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) is one of the root cause of adverse clinical outcome. miRNAs such as let-7 are the new fine tuners of signaling cascade and cellular processes which regulates the genes in post-transcriptional manner. In this review, we described the regulation of let-7 expression and the involvement of molecular factors in this process. We discussed the mechanism by which let-7 alter the expression of genes involved in the process of tumorigenesis. Further, we listed the pathways targeted by let-7 to reduce the burden of the tumor. In addition, we described the role of let-7 in breast cancer metastasis and stemness properties. This article will provide the in-depth insight into the biology of let-7 miRNA and its role in the breast cancer progression.
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Zhao Y, Zhang K, Jiang H, Du J, Na Z, Hao W, Yu S, Zhao M. Decreased Expression of Plasma MicroRNA in Patients with Methamphetamine (MA) Use Disorder. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2016; 11:542-8. [PMID: 27108111 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9671-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent research have revealed that circulating miRNAs may offer noninvasive biomarkers for human disease, offering the prospect for earlier diagnosis, and improved precision of diagnoses. The diagnoses of drug use disorders is still mainly based on subjective report and no objective biomarkers available. Many animal and cell studies found that miRNAs were involved in substance use disorders, including alcohol, morphine, cocaine and amphetamine use disorders. However, no study on circulating miRNAs for drug use disorders so far. We investigated the differential expression of plasma miRNAs in 124 patients with methamphetamine (MA) use disorders. Based on the preliminary results from microarray screen, plasma expression of 6 candidate miRNAs were measured by Quantitative real-time RT-PCR. We found that the expression of miR181a, miR15b, miR- let-7e, miR- let-7d in plasma were decreased compared to normal controls. The expression of the altered miRNAs were negative correlated with drug use frequencies in past months. Our findings suggested that miR-181a, miR-15b, miR-let-7e and miR-let-7d may play a potential role in the pathology of MA use disorder, and could serve as a potential peripheral biomarker for MA use disorder when confirmed by future studies. Further study are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanism modulated by miRNAs and explore potential novel intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Jiang
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Du
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zong Na
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Hao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Renmin (M) Rd, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, People's Republic of China
| | - Shunying Yu
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 South Wanping Rd., Shanghai, 200030, People's Republic of China.
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Chawla G, Deosthale P, Childress S, Wu YC, Sokol NS. A let-7-to-miR-125 MicroRNA Switch Regulates Neuronal Integrity and Lifespan in Drosophila. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006247. [PMID: 27508495 PMCID: PMC4979967 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) often contain binding sites for multiple, different microRNAs (miRNAs). However, the biological significance of this feature is unclear, since such co-targeting miRNAs could function coordinately, independently, or redundantly with one another. Here, we show that two co-transcribed Drosophila miRNAs, let-7 and miR-125, non-redundantly regulate a common target, the transcription factor Chronologically Inappropriate Morphogenesis (Chinmo). We first characterize novel adult phenotypes associated with loss of both let-7 and miR-125, which are derived from a common, polycistronic transcript that also encodes a third miRNA, miR-100. Consistent with the coordinate upregulation of all three miRNAs in aging flies, these phenotypes include brain degeneration and shortened lifespan. However, transgenic rescue analysis reveal separable roles for these miRNAs: adult miR-125 but not let-7 mutant phenotypes are associated with ectopic Chinmo expression in adult brains and are suppressed by chinmo reduction. In contrast, let-7 is predominantly responsible for regulating chinmo during nervous system formation. These results indicate that let-7 and miR-125 function during two distinct stages, development and adulthood, rather than acting at the same time. These different activities are facilitated by an increased rate of processing of let-7 during development and a lower rate of decay of the accumulated miR-125 in the adult nervous system. Thus, this work not only establishes a key role for the highly conserved miR-125 in aging. It also demonstrates that two co-transcribed miRNAs function independently during distinct stages to regulate a common target, raising the possibility that such biphasic control may be a general feature of clustered miRNAs. Deregulation of mRNAs that are targeted by multiple miRNAs is a common feature of a number of diseased states including neurodegenerative disorders. The currently accepted model is that the combined action of all binding miRNAs ensures target repression. Here, we show that two co-expressed miRNAs exert distinct outcomes on a common target. While miR-125 extends lifespan by repressing its target, chinmo, in adult brains, let-7 downregulates Chinmo in developing animals. Our results indicate that differential processing and turnover rates of let-7 and miR-125 contribute to this switch in miRNA activity. This study has identified the physiological relevance of the targeting of a single mRNA by multiple miRNAs in a scenario where each miRNA exerts a distinct and non-overlapping outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Chawla
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GC); (NSS)
| | - Padmini Deosthale
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sue Childress
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University, Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Yen-chi Wu
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Nicholas S. Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GC); (NSS)
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Leite DJ, Ninova M, Hilbrant M, Arif S, Griffiths-Jones S, Ronshaugen M, McGregor AP. Pervasive microRNA Duplication in Chelicerates: Insights from the Embryonic microRNA Repertoire of the Spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2133-44. [PMID: 27324919 PMCID: PMC4987109 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small (∼22 nt) noncoding RNAs that repress translation and therefore regulate the production of proteins from specific target mRNAs. microRNAs have been found to function in diverse aspects of gene regulation within animal development and many other processes. Among invertebrates, both conserved and novel, lineage specific, microRNAs have been extensively studied predominantly in holometabolous insects such as Drosophila melanogaster However little is known about microRNA repertoires in other arthropod lineages such as the chelicerates. To understand the evolution of microRNAs in this poorly sampled subphylum, we characterized the microRNA repertoire expressed during embryogenesis of the common house spider Parasteatoda tepidariorum We identified a total of 148 microRNAs in P. tepidariorum representing 66 families. Approximately half of these microRNA families are conserved in other metazoans, while the remainder are specific to this spider. Of the 35 conserved microRNAs families 15 had at least two copies in the P. tepidariorum genome. A BLAST-based approach revealed a similar pattern of duplication in other spiders and a scorpion, but not among other chelicerates and arthropods, with the exception of a horseshoe crab. Among the duplicated microRNAs we found examples of lineage-specific tandem duplications, and the duplication of entire microRNA clusters in three spiders, a scorpion, and in a horseshoe crab. Furthermore, we found that paralogs of many P. tepidariorum microRNA families exhibit arm switching, which suggests that duplication was often followed by sub- or neofunctionalization. Our work shows that understanding the evolution of microRNAs in the chelicerates has great potential to provide insights into the process of microRNA duplication and divergence and the evolution of animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Leite
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Ninova
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Maarten Hilbrant
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | - Saad Arif
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Alistair P McGregor
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford, OX3 0BP, United Kingdom
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55
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Faunes F, Larraín J. Conservation in the involvement of heterochronic genes and hormones during developmental transitions. Dev Biol 2016; 416:3-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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56
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Yang H, Li M, Hu X, Xin T, Zhang S, Zhao G, Xuan T, Li M. MicroRNA-dependent roles of Drosha and Pasha in the Drosophila larval ovary morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2016; 416:312-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ma Q, de Cuevas M, Matunis EL. Chinmo is sufficient to induce male fate in somatic cells of the adult Drosophila ovary. Development 2016; 143:754-63. [PMID: 26811385 DOI: 10.1242/dev.129627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Sexual identity is continuously maintained in specific differentiated cell types long after sex determination occurs during development. In the adult Drosophila testis, the putative transcription factor Chronologically inappropriate morphogenesis (Chinmo) acts with the canonical male sex determinant DoublesexM (Dsx(M)) to maintain the male identity of somatic cyst stem cells and their progeny. Here we find that ectopic expression of chinmo is sufficient to induce a male identity in adult ovarian somatic cells, but it acts through a Dsx(M)-independent mechanism. Conversely, the feminization of the testis somatic stem cell lineage caused by loss of chinmo is enhanced by expression of the canonical female sex determinant Dsx(F), indicating that chinmo acts in parallel with the canonical sex determination pathway to maintain the male identity of testis somatic cells. Consistent with this finding, ectopic expression of female sex determinants in the adult testis disrupts tissue morphology. The miRNA let-7 downregulates chinmo in many contexts, and ectopic expression of let-7 in the adult testis is sufficient to recapitulate the chinmo loss-of-function phenotype, but we find no apparent phenotypes upon removal of let-7 in the adult ovary or testis. Our finding that chinmo is necessary and sufficient to promote a male identity in adult gonadal somatic cells suggests that the sexual identity of somatic cells can be reprogrammed in the adult Drosophila ovary as well as in the testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Margaret de Cuevas
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Erika L Matunis
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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58
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Truscott M, Islam ABMMK, Frolov MV. Novel regulation and functional interaction of polycistronic miRNAs. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2016; 22:129-138. [PMID: 26554028 PMCID: PMC4691827 DOI: 10.1261/rna.053264.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The importance of microRNAs in gene expression and disease is well recognized. However, what is less appreciated is that almost half of miRNA genes are organized in polycistronic clusters and are therefore coexpressed. The mir-11∼998 cluster consists of two miRNAs, miR-11 and miR-998. Here, we describe a novel layer of regulation that links the processing and expression of miR-998 to the presence of the mir-11 gene. We show that the presence of miR-11 in the pri-miRNA is required for processing by Drosha, and deletion of mir-11 prevents the expression of miR-998. Replacing mir-11 with an unrelated miRNA rescued miR-998 expression in vivo and in vitro, as did expressing miR-998 from a shorter, more canonical miRNA scaffold. The embedded regulation of miR-998 is functionally important because unchecked miR-998 expression in the absence of miR-11 resulted in pleiotropic developmental defects. This novel regulation of expression of miRNAs within a cluster is not limited to the mir-11∼998 cluster and, thus, likely reflects the more general cis-regulation of expression of individual miRNAs. Collectively, our results uncover a novel layer of regulation within miRNA clusters that tempers the functions of the individual miRNAs. Unlinking their expression has the potential to change the expression of multiple miRNA targets and shift a biological response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Truscott
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
| | - Abul B M M K Islam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Maxim V Frolov
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are short noncoding, ~22-nucleotide RNAs that regulate protein abundance. The growth in our understanding of this class of RNAs has been rapid since their discovery just over a decade ago. We now appreciate that miRNAs are deeply embedded within the genetic networks that control basic features of metazoan cells including their identity, metabolism, and reproduction. The Drosophila melanogaster model system has made and will continue to make important contributions to this analysis. Intended as an introductory overview, here we review the current methods and resources available for functional analysis of fly miRNAs for those interested in performing this type of analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Chawla
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, 1001 East Third St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Arthur Luhur
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, 1001 East Third St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Nicholas Sokol
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Jordan Hall, 1001 East Third St., Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA.
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Yasugi T, Nishimura T. Temporal regulation of the generation of neuronal diversity in Drosophila. Dev Growth Differ 2015; 58:73-87. [PMID: 26690868 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
For the construction of complex neural networks, the generation of neurons and glia must be tightly regulated both spatially and temporally. One of the major issues in neural development is the generation of a large variety of neurons and glia over time from a relatively small number of neural stem cells. In Drosophila, neural stem cells, called neuroblasts (NBs), have been used as a useful model system to uncover the molecular and cellular machinery involved in the establishment of neural diversity. NBs divide asymmetrically and produce another self-renewing progenitor cell and a differentiating cell. NBs are subdivided into several types based on their location in the central nervous system. Each type of NB has specific features related to the timing of cell generation, cell cycle progression, temporal patterning for neuronal specification, and termination mechanism. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms that regulate the proliferation of NBs and generate a large variety of neuronal and glia subtypes during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Yasugi
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishimura
- Laboratory for Growth Control Signaling, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology (CDB), 2-2-3 Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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62
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Impaired climbing and flight behaviour in Drosophila melanogaster following carbon dioxide anaesthesia. Sci Rep 2015; 5:15298. [PMID: 26477397 PMCID: PMC4609961 DOI: 10.1038/srep15298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Laboratories that study Drosophila melanogaster or other insects commonly use carbon dioxide (CO2) anaesthesia for sorting or other work. Unfortunately, the use of CO2 has potential unwanted physiological effects, including altered respiratory and muscle physiology, which impact motor function behaviours. The effects of CO2 at different levels and exposure times were examined on the subsequent recovery of motor function as assessed by climbing and flight assays. With as little as a five minute exposure to 100% CO2, D. melanogaster exhibited climbing deficits up to 24 hours after exposure. Any exposure length over five minutes produced climbing deficits that lasted for days. Flight behaviour was also impaired following CO2 exposure. Overall, there was a positive correlation between CO2 exposure length and recovery time for both behaviours. Furthermore, exposure to as little as 65% CO2 affected the motor capability of D. melanogaster. These negative effects are due to both a CO2-specific mechanism and an anoxic effect. These results indicate a heretofore unconsidered impact of CO2 anaesthesia on subsequent behavioural tests revealing the importance of monitoring and accounting for CO2 exposure when performing physiological or behavioural studies in insects.
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63
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Calla B, Geib SM. MicroRNAs in the oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis: extending Drosophilid miRNA conservation to the Tephritidae. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:740. [PMID: 26438165 PMCID: PMC4593211 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1835-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The oriental fruit fly, Bactrocera dorsalis, is an important plant pest species in the family Tephritidae. It is a phytophagous species with broad host range, and while not established in the mainland United States, is a species of great concern for introduction. Despite the vast amount of information available from the closely related model organism Drosophila melanogaster, information at the genome and transcriptome level is still very limited for this species. Small RNAs act as regulatory molecules capable of determining transcript levels in the cells. The most studied small RNAs are micro RNAs, which may impact as much as 30 % of all protein coding genes in animals. RESULTS We have sequenced small RNAs (sRNAs) from the Tephritid fruit fly, B. dorsalis (oriental fruit fly), specifically sRNAs corresponding to the 17 to 28 nucleotides long fraction of total RNA. Sequencing yielded more than 16 million reads in total. Seventy five miRNAs orthologous to known miRNAs were identified, as well as five additional novel miRNAs that might be specific to the genera, or to the Tephritid family. We constructed a gene expression profile for the identified miRNAs, and used comparative analysis with D. melanogaster to support our expression data. In addition, several miRNA clusters were identified in the genome that show conservancy with D. melanogaster. Potential targets for the identified miRNAs were also searched. CONCLUSIONS The data presented here adds to our growing pool of information concerning the genome structure and characteristics of true fruit flies. It provides a basis for comparative studies with other Dipteran and within Tephritid species, and can be used for applied research such as in the development of new control strategies based on gene silencing and transgenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernarda Calla
- Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
| | - Scott M Geib
- Tropical Crop and Commodity Protection Research Unit, USDA-ARS Pacific Basin Agricultural Research Center, Hilo, HI, 96720, USA.
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Lee H, Han S, Kwon CS, Lee D. Biogenesis and regulation of the let-7 miRNAs and their functional implications. Protein Cell 2015; 7:100-13. [PMID: 26399619 PMCID: PMC4742387 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The let-7 miRNA was one of the first miRNAs discovered in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and its biological functions show a high level of evolutionary conservation from the nematode to the human. Unlike in C. elegans, higher animals have multiple isoforms of let-7 miRNAs; these isoforms share a consensus sequence called the ‘seed sequence’ and these isoforms are categorized into let-7 miRNA family. The expression of let-7 family is required for developmental timing and tumor suppressor function, but must be suppressed for the self-renewal of stem cells. Therefore, let-7 miRNA biogenesis must be carefully controlled. To generate a let-7 miRNA, a primary transcript is produced by RNA polymerase II and then subsequently processed by Drosha/DGCR8, TUTase, and Dicer. Because dysregulation of let-7 processing is deleterious, biogenesis of let-7 is tightly regulated by cellular factors, such as the RNA binding proteins, LIN28A/B and DIS3L2. In this review, we discuss the biological functions and biogenesis of let-7 miRNAs, focusing on the molecular mechanisms of regulation of let-7 biogenesis in vertebrates, such as the mouse and the human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hosuk Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Sungwook Han
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea
| | - Chang Seob Kwon
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Korea Science Academy of KAIST, Busan, 614-822, Korea
| | - Daeyoup Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 305-701, Korea.
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Gong Y, He T, Yang L, Yang G, Chen Y, Zhang X. The role of miR-100 in regulating apoptosis of breast cancer cells. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11650. [PMID: 26130569 PMCID: PMC4486956 DOI: 10.1038/srep11650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a serious health problem worldwide. Inhibition of apoptosis plays a major role in breast cancer tumorigenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play crucial roles in the regulation of apoptosis. However, the regulation of breast cancer apoptosis by miRNAs has not been intensively investigated. To address this issue, the effect of miR-100 on the cell proliferation of different breast cancer cells was characterized in the present study. The results showed that miR-100 was significantly upregulated in SK-BR-3 cells compared with other human breast cancer cells (MCF7, MDA-MB-453, T47D, HCC1954 and SUM149). Silencing miR-100 expression with anti-miRNA-100 oligonucleotide (AMO-miR-100) initiated apoptosis of SK-BR-3 cells in vitro and in vivo. However, the overexpression of miR-100 led to the proliferation inhibition of the miR-100-downregulated breast cancer cells. Antagonism of miR-100 in SK-BR-3 cells increased the expression of MTMR3, a target gene of miR-100, which resulted in the activation of p27 and eventually led to G2/M cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. The downregulation of miR-100 sensitized SK-BR-3 cells to chemotherapy. Therefore, our finding highlights a novel aspect of the miR-100-MTMR3-p27 pathway in the molecular etiology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, The People's Republic of China
| | - Tianliang He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, The People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, The People's Republic of China
| | - Geng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, The People's Republic of China
| | - Yulei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, The People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Virology of Ministry of Agriculture and College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, The People's Republic of China
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Shamsuzzama, Kumar L, Haque R, Nazir A. Role of MicroRNA Let-7 in Modulating Multifactorial Aspect of Neurodegenerative Diseases: an Overview. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:2787-2793. [PMID: 25823513 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9145-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The multifactorial aspect of neurodegenerative diseases has posed challenges in terms of understanding various mechanistic cues behind these ailments. The fact that single microRNA (miRNA) molecules can regulate multiple genes and associated pathways makes these molecules interesting for studies within the area of age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. miRNAs are endogenous, evolutionarily conserved, 20-23 nucleotide non-coding RNAs, which were first discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans. They play a key role in gene regulation and are known to be deregulated in many disease conditions. Steady regulations of miRNAs are required for normal biological processes. One of the crucial miRNA molecules let-7 is highly conserved and is known to be required for development and viability. It acts as a regulator for oncogenes and insulin-PI3K-mTOR pathway genes. Upregulation of let-7 impairs glucose homeostasis and results in degeneration of neurons, while its downregulation leads to cancer. Maturation of let-7 in cancer subjects is inhibited by lin-28, an RNA-binding protein inhibitor. This highlights the importance of let-7 miRNAs in various diseases and developmental processes. This article provides an overview on the functions of let-7 and its probable association with various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamsuzzama
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226 031, India
| | - Lalit Kumar
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226 031, India
| | - Rizwanul Haque
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226 031, India
| | - Aamir Nazir
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Molecular Toxicology, Division of Toxicology, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, UP, 226 031, India.
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Jain S, Rana V, Tridibes A, Sunil S, Bhatnagar RK. Dynamic expression of miRNAs across immature and adult stages of the malaria mosquito Anopheles stephensi. Parasit Vectors 2015; 8:179. [PMID: 25888742 PMCID: PMC4418096 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0772-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs that are involved in various biological processes including insect development. Anopheles stephensi serves as primary vector of malaria parasite in Asia and exhibits holometabolous life cycle that involves four different stages of development. Regulation and role of mosquito miRNAs during various stages of mosquito development remain largely unknown. Methods High throughput small RNA sequencing was employed for identification and profiling of miRNAs across immature and adult stages of malaria vector, which were further validated using Northern hybridization and real time PCR. Target prediction and pathway analysis was carried out to understand the role of regulated miRNAs in insect development. Degradome sequencing was employed to identify cleaved targets of some regulated miRNAs. Loss of function strategy was employed for miR-989 to understand its probable role in female reproductive process. Results Small RNA sequencing and data analysis revealed 111 and 14 known and novel miRNAs respectively across all stages of Anopheles stephensi. Nine miRNAs showed gender specific regulation across different stages of mosquito development. Analysis of miRNAs revealed regulation of 24 and 26 miRNAs across different stages of male and female mosquito development respectively. mRNA targets and significant pathways targeted by regulated miRNAs were identified for each stage of mosquito development. Degradome sequencing revealed twenty nine cleaved targets of insect miRNAs. MicroRNA-989 showed significant up-regulation in the adult female as compared to adult male mosquito. Knockdown of miR-989 expression in adult female using miRNA specific antagomir affected targets playing roles in protein binding, proteolysis and nucleic acid binding in ovary tissue of female mosquito post blood feeding. Conclusions This is the first comprehensive effort to understand regulation of Anopheles stephensi miRNAs across developmental stages of male and female mosquito. Preliminary role of regulated miRNAs in mosquito development was revealed by target prediction and pathway analysis. MicroRNA-989 emerged to have important roles in adult female mosquitoes showing significant up-regulation which was further studied using miR-989 specific antagomir. This study provides insights into mosquito development and reproductive process and has implications for effective control of mosquito population required for reducing spread of mosquito-borne infectious diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0772-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanu Jain
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Vandita Rana
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Adak Tridibes
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India.
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
| | - Raj K Bhatnagar
- Insect Resistance Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India.
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MiR-2 family regulates insect metamorphosis by controlling the juvenile hormone signaling pathway. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3740-5. [PMID: 25775510 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1418522112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2009 we reported that depletion of Dicer-1, the enzyme that catalyzes the final step of miRNA biosynthesis, prevents metamorphosis in Blattella germanica. However, the precise regulatory roles of miRNAs in the process have remained elusive. In the present work, we have observed that Dicer-1 depletion results in an increase of mRNA levels of Krüppel homolog 1 (Kr-h1), a juvenile hormone-dependent transcription factor that represses metamorphosis, and that depletion of Kr-h1 expression in Dicer-1 knockdown individuals rescues metamorphosis. We have also found that the 3'UTR of Kr-h1 mRNA contains a functional binding site for miR-2 family miRNAs (for miR-2, miR-13a, and miR-13b). These data suggest that metamorphosis impairment caused by Dicer-1 and miRNA depletion is due to a deregulation of Kr-h1 expression and that this deregulation is derived from a deficiency of miR-2 miRNAs. We corroborated this by treating the last nymphal instar of B. germanica with an miR-2 inhibitor, which impaired metamorphosis, and by treating Dicer-1-depleted individuals with an miR-2 mimic to allow nymphal-to-adult metamorphosis to proceed. Taken together, the data indicate that miR-2 miRNAs scavenge Kr-h1 transcripts when the transition from nymph to adult should be taking place, thus crucially contributing to the correct culmination of metamorphosis.
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König A, Shcherbata HR. Soma influences GSC progeny differentiation via the cell adhesion-mediated steroid-let-7-Wingless signaling cascade that regulates chromatin dynamics. Biol Open 2015; 4:285-300. [PMID: 25661868 PMCID: PMC4359735 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201410553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is known that signaling from the germline stem cell niche is required to maintain germline stem cell identity in Drosophila. However, it is not clear whether the germline stem-cell daughters differentiate by default (because they are physically distant from the niche) or whether additional signaling is necessary to initiate the differentiation program. Previously, we showed that ecdysteroid signaling cell non-autonomously regulates early germline differentiation via its soma-specific co-activator and co-repressor, Taiman and Abrupt. Now, we demonstrate that this regulation is modulated by the miRNA let-7, which acts in a positive feedback loop to confer ecdysone signaling robustness via targeting its repressor, the transcription factor Abrupt. This feedback loop adjusts ecdysteroid signaling in response to some stressful alterations in the external and internal conditions, which include temperature stress and aging, but not nutritional deprivation. Upon let-7 deficit, escort cells fail to properly differentiate: their shape, division, and cell adhesive characteristics are perturbed. These cells have confused cellular identity and form columnar-like rather than squamous epithelium and fail to send protrusions in between differentiating germline cysts, affecting soma-germline communication. Particularly, levels of the homophilic cell adhesion protein Cadherin, which recruits Wg signaling transducer β-catenin, are increased in mutant escort cells and, correspondingly, in the adjacent germline cells. Readjustment of heterotypic (soma-germline) cell adhesion modulates Wg signaling intensity in the germline, which in turn regulates histone modifications that promote expression of the genes necessary to trigger early germline differentiation. Thus, our data first show the intrinsic role for Wg signaling in the germline and support a model where the soma influences the tempo of germline differentiation in response to external conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annekatrin König
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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71
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Identification of microRNAs by small RNA deep sequencing for synthetic microRNA mimics to control Spodoptera exigua. Gene 2015; 557:215-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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72
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Chiu SC, Chung HY, Cho DY, Chan TM, Liu MC, Huang HM, Li TY, Lin JY, Chou PC, Fu RH, Yang WK, Harn HJ, Lin SZ. Therapeutic potential of microRNA let-7: tumor suppression or impeding normal stemness. Cell Transplant 2015; 23:459-69. [PMID: 24816444 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x678418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The first microRNA, let-7, and its family were discovered in Caenorhabditis elegans and are functionally conserved from worms to humans in the regulation of embryonic development and stemness. The let-7 family has been shown to have an essential role in stem cell differentiation and tumor-suppressive activity. Deregulating expression of let-7 is commonly reported in many human cancers. Emerging evidence has accumulated and suggests that reestablishment of let-7 in tumor cells is a valuable therapeutic strategy. However, findings reach beyond tumor therapeutics and may impinge on stemness and differentiation of stem cells. In this review, we discuss the role of let-7 in development and differentiation of normal adult stem/progenitor cells and offer a viewpoint of the association between deregulated let-7 expression and tumorigenesis. The regulation of let-7 expression, cancer-relevant let-7 targets, and the application of let-7 are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Chih Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Immunology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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73
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Kirby TJ, Chaillou T, McCarthy JJ. The role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle health and disease. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2015; 20:37-77. [PMID: 25553440 DOI: 10.2741/4298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade non-coding RNAs have emerged as importance regulators of gene expression. In particular, microRNAs are a class of small RNAs of ∼ 22 nucleotides that repress gene expression through a post-transcriptional mechanism. MicroRNAs have been shown to be involved in a broader range of biological processes, both physiological and pathological, including myogenesis, adaptation to exercise and various myopathies. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of what is currently known about the role of microRNAs in skeletal muscle health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Kirby
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Thomas Chaillou
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - John J McCarthy
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA, 2Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Mello TRP, Aleixo AC, Pinheiro DG, Nunes FMF, Bitondi MMG, Hartfelder K, Barchuk AR, Simões ZLP. Developmental regulation of ecdysone receptor (EcR) and EcR-controlled gene expression during pharate-adult development of honeybees (Apis mellifera). Front Genet 2014; 5:445. [PMID: 25566327 PMCID: PMC4273664 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2014.00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Major developmental transitions in multicellular organisms are driven by steroid hormones. In insects, these, together with juvenile hormone (JH), control development, metamorphosis, reproduction and aging, and are also suggested to play an important role in caste differentiation of social insects. Here, we aimed to determine how EcR transcription and ecdysteroid titers are related during honeybee postembryonic development and what may actually be the role of EcR in caste development of this social insect. In addition, we expected that knocking-down EcR gene expression would give us information on the participation of the respective protein in regulating downstream targets of EcR. We found that in Apis mellifera females, EcR-A is the predominantly expressed variant in postembryonic development, while EcR-B transcript levels are higher in embryos, indicating an early developmental switch in EcR function. During larval and pupal stages, EcR-B expression levels are very low, while EcR-A transcripts are more variable and abundant in workers compared to queens. Strikingly, these transcript levels are opposite to the ecdysteroid titer profile. 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) application experiments revealed that low 20E levels induce EcR expression during development, whereas high ecdysteroid titers seem to be repressive. By means of RNAi-mediated knockdown (KD) of both EcR transcript variants we detected the differential expression of 234 poly-A+ transcripts encoding genes such as CYPs, MRJPs and certain hormone response genes (Kr-h1 and ftz-f1). EcR-KD also promoted the differential expression of 70 miRNAs, including highly conserved ones (e.g., miR-133 and miR-375), as well honeybee-specific ones (e.g., miR-3745 and miR-3761). Our results put in evidence a broad spectrum of EcR-controlled gene expression during postembryonic development of honeybees, revealing new facets of EcR biology in this social insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tathyana R P Mello
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline C Aleixo
- Departamento de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel G Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francis M F Nunes
- Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal de São Carlos São Carlos, Brazil
| | - Márcia M G Bitondi
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Klaus Hartfelder
- Departamento de Biologia Celular, Molecular e de Bioagentes Patogênicos, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angel R Barchuk
- Laboratório de Biologia Animal Integrativa, Departamento de Biologia Celular, Tecidual e do Desenvolvimento, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal de Alfenas Alfenas, Brazil
| | - Zilá L P Simões
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brazil
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75
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Systematic Study of Drosophila MicroRNA Functions Using a Collection of Targeted Knockout Mutations. Dev Cell 2014; 31:784-800. [DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2014.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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76
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Chen W, Liu Z, Li T, Zhang R, Xue Y, Zhong Y, Bai W, Zhou D, Zhao Z. Regulation of Drosophila circadian rhythms by miRNA let-7 is mediated by a regulatory cycle. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5549. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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77
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Deng L, Shang L, Bai S, Chen J, He X, Martin-Trevino R, Chen S, Li XY, Meng X, Yu B, Wang X, Liu Y, McDermott SP, Ariazi AE, Ginestier C, Ibarra I, Ke J, Luther T, Clouthier SG, Xu L, Shan G, Song E, Yao H, Hannon GJ, Weiss SJ, Wicha MS, Liu S. MicroRNA100 inhibits self-renewal of breast cancer stem-like cells and breast tumor development. Cancer Res 2014; 74:6648-60. [PMID: 25217527 PMCID: PMC4370193 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
miRNAs are essential for self-renewal and differentiation of normal and malignant stem cells by regulating the expression of key stem cell regulatory genes. Here, we report evidence implicating the miR100 in self-renewal of cancer stem-like cells (CSC). We found that miR100 expression levels relate to the cellular differentiation state, with lowest expression in cells displaying stem cell markers. Utilizing a tetracycline-inducible lentivirus to elevate expression of miR100 in human cells, we found that increasing miR100 levels decreased the production of breast CSCs. This effect was correlated with an inhibition of cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in mouse tumor xenografts due to attenuated expression of the CSC regulatory genes SMARCA5, SMARCD1, and BMPR2. Furthermore, miR100 induction in breast CSCs immediately upon their orthotopic implantation or intracardiac injection completely blocked tumor growth and metastasis formation. Clinically, we observed a significant association between miR100 expression in breast cancer specimens and patient survival. Our results suggest that miR100 is required to direct CSC self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Deng
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Li Shang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shoumin Bai
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xueyan He
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Rachel Martin-Trevino
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Li
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xiaojie Meng
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical School, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Bin Yu
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yajing Liu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Sean P McDermott
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexa E Ariazi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Christophe Ginestier
- Centre de Recherche en Cance'rologie de Marseille, Laboratoire d'Oncologie Mole'culaire, UMR891 Inserm/Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Universite' de la Me'diterrane'e, Marseille, France
| | - Ingrid Ibarra
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Program in Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Jia Ke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sixth Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tahra Luther
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Shawn G Clouthier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Liang Xu
- Departments of Molecular Biosciences and Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Cancer Center, University of Kansas Medical School, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Ge Shan
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Herui Yao
- Department of Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Program in Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, New York
| | - Stephen J Weiss
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Department of Internal Medicine and Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Max S Wicha
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Suling Liu
- Innovation Center for Cell Biology and the CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Life Sciences and Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.
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Bouhaddioui W, Provost PR, Tremblay Y. Identification of most stable endogenous control genes for microRNA quantification in the developing mouse lung. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111855. [PMID: 25368994 PMCID: PMC4219792 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small non coding RNAs acting as negative regulators. miRNA are involved in lung development and pulmonary diseases. Measurement of their levels by qPCR is directly influenced by the stability of normalization gene(s), which can be affected by the experimental conditions. The developing lung is a changing tissue and one normalization gene showing stability on one developmental day may be modulated over time. Moreover, some developmental events are affected by sex, which also has to be considered. In this study, we compared stability of five putative control genes in the lung between sexes from the pseudoglandular to the alveolar stages and in adult lungs. Expression of sno135, sno142, sno202, sno234, and sno251 was studied by qPCR in male and female lung samples collected at seven time points from GD 15.5 to PN 30. Cq values of sno251 showed the highest variation across the different developmental stages, while sno234 was the most stable gene. Gene expression stability was studied by geNorm, NormFinder and BestKeeper. Our data showed that ranking of genes based on expression stability changed according to developmental time and sex. sno135/sno234 and sno142/sno234 were proposed as best combinations of normalization genes when both sexes and all the studied developmental stages are considered. Normalization of let7-a RNA levels with different pairs of control genes proposed by geNorm and NormFinder gave similar data, while the use of less stable genes introduced a statistically significant difference on PN 0. In conclusion, variations in stability of normalization gene expression are observed over time and according to sex during lung development. Best pairs of normalization genes are presented for specific developmental stages, and for the period extending from the pseudoglandular to the alveolar stages. The use of normalization genes selected for their expression stability is essential in lung development studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafae Bouhaddioui
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre R. Provost
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Yves Tremblay
- Reproduction, Mother and Youth Health, Centre de recherche CHU de Québec, Québec, QC, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics/Gynecology & Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie de la Reproduction (CRBR), Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Lomate PR, Mahajan NS, Kale SM, Gupta VS, Giri AP. Identification and expression profiling of Helicoverpa armigera microRNAs and their possible role in the regulation of digestive protease genes. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2014; 54:129-137. [PMID: 25263090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The present investigation is an effort to determine the possible roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the regulation of protease gene expression in Helicoverpa armigera upon exposure to plant protease inhibitors (PIs). Using Illumina platform, deep sequencing of 12 small RNA libraries was performed from H. armigera larvae fed on artificial diet (AD) or recombinant Capsicum annuum PI-7 (rCanPI-7) incorporated diet, at various time intervals (0.5, 2, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). Sequencing data were analyzed with miRDeep2 software; a total of 186 unique miRNAs were identified from all the 12 libraries, out of which 96 were conserved while 90 were novel. These miRNAs showed all the conserved characteristics of insect miRNAs. Homology analysis revealed that most of the identified miRNAs were insect-specific, and more than 50 miRNAs were Lepidoptera-specific. Several candidate miRNAs (conserved and novel) were differentially expressed in rCanPI-7 fed larvae as compared to the larvae fed on AD. H. armigera miRNAs were found to have target sites in several protease genes as well as in protease regulation related genes such as serine PI and immune reactive PI. As expected, negative correlation in the relative abundance of miRNAs and their target mRNAs was evident from qualitative real time polymerase chain reaction analysis. The investigation revealed potential roles of miRNAs in H. armigera protease gene regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushottam R Lomate
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, MS, India
| | - Neha S Mahajan
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, MS, India
| | - Sandip M Kale
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, MS, India
| | - Vidya S Gupta
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, MS, India
| | - Ashok P Giri
- Plant Molecular Biology Unit, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, MS, India.
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Nelson C, Ambros V, Baehrecke EH. miR-14 regulates autophagy during developmental cell death by targeting ip3-kinase 2. Mol Cell 2014; 56:376-388. [PMID: 25306920 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a lysosome-dependent degradation process that has been implicated in age-associated diseases. Autophagy is involved in both cell survival and cell death, but little is known about the mechanisms that distinguish its use during these distinct cell fates. Here, we identify the microRNA miR-14 as being both necessary and sufficient for autophagy during developmentally regulated cell death in Drosophila. Loss of miR-14 prevented induction of autophagy during salivary gland cell death, but had no effect on starvation-induced autophagy in the fat body. Moreover, misexpression of miR-14 was sufficient to prematurely induce autophagy in salivary glands, but not in the fat body. Importantly, miR-14 regulates this context-specific autophagy through its target, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate kinase 2 (ip3k2), thereby affecting inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signaling and calcium levels during salivary gland cell death. This study provides in vivo evidence of microRNA regulation of autophagy through modulation of IP3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Nelson
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Victor Ambros
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Eric H Baehrecke
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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Fagegaltier D, König A, Gordon A, Lai EC, Gingeras TR, Hannon GJ, Shcherbata HR. A genome-wide survey of sexually dimorphic expression of Drosophila miRNAs identifies the steroid hormone-induced miRNA let-7 as a regulator of sexual identity. Genetics 2014; 198:647-68. [PMID: 25081570 PMCID: PMC4196619 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.114.169268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs bear an increasing number of functions throughout development and in the aging adult. Here we address their role in establishing sexually dimorphic traits and sexual identity in male and female Drosophila. Our survey of miRNA populations in each sex identifies sets of miRNAs differentially expressed in male and female tissues across various stages of development. The pervasive sex-biased expression of miRNAs generally increases with the complexity and sexual dimorphism of tissues, gonads revealing the most striking biases. We find that the male-specific regulation of the X chromosome is relevant to miRNA expression on two levels. First, in the male gonad, testis-biased miRNAs tend to reside on the X chromosome. Second, in the soma, X-linked miRNAs do not systematically rely on dosage compensation. We set out to address the importance of a sex-biased expression of miRNAs in establishing sexually dimorphic traits. Our study of the conserved let-7-C miRNA cluster controlled by the sex-biased hormone ecdysone places let-7 as a primary modulator of the sex-determination hierarchy. Flies with modified let-7 levels present doublesex-related phenotypes and express sex-determination genes normally restricted to the opposite sex. In testes and ovaries, alterations of the ecdysone-induced let-7 result in aberrant gonadal somatic cell behavior and non-cell-autonomous defects in early germline differentiation. Gonadal defects as well as aberrant expression of sex-determination genes persist in aging adults under hormonal control. Together, our findings place ecdysone and let-7 as modulators of a somatic systemic signal that helps establish and sustain sexual identity in males and females and differentiation in gonads. This work establishes the foundation for a role of miRNAs in sexual dimorphism and demonstrates that similar to vertebrate hormonal control of cellular sexual identity exists in Drosophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Fagegaltier
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724 Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Annekatrin König
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Assaf Gordon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Eric C Lai
- Department of Developmental Biology, Sloan-Kettering Institute, New York, New York 10065
| | - Thomas R Gingeras
- Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Gregory J Hannon
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724 Watson School of Biological Sciences, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
| | - Halyna R Shcherbata
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen 37077, Germany
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82
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Wang C, Feng T, Wan Q, Kong Y, Yuan L. miR-124 controls Drosophila behavior and is required for neural development. Int J Dev Neurosci 2014; 38:105-12. [PMID: 25169673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNA-124 (miR-124) is an evolutionarily conserved, small, noncoding RNA molecule that participates in the central nervous system (CNS) developmental control of gene expression. In the current study, we found that Drosophila embryos lacking the mir-124 gene did not exhibit detectable defects in axon growth or CNS development. On the other hand, adult mutants showed severe problems in locomotion, flight, and female fertility. Furthermore, the deficits that we observed in the adult stage could be marginally rescued with elav-GAL4 driven expression of miR-124, making elav-GAL4 an excellently simulated driver to induce entopic over-expression of miR-124. Further developmental assessment in the third instar larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and dendritic arborization (DA) neurons was performed with miR-124 knock outs, flies over-expressing miR-124, and rescue models. Typically, the absence and over-abundance of a molecular signal exerts opposite effects on development or phenotype. However, we determined that both miR-124 knock-outs and over-expressing flies displayed reduced NMJ 6/7 bouton number and branch length. Similarly, reduced ddaE branching numbers were observed between the two mutant lines. As to ddaF, we found that branching number was not influenced by mir-124 knock out, but was statistically reduced by miR-124 over-expression. While we were not able to determine any causal relationship between behavioral defects and dysplasia of NMJs or DA neurons, there were some accompanying relationships among behavioral phenotypes, NMJ abnormalities, and ddaE/ddaF dendritic branching which were all controlled by miR-124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, # 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tongbao Feng
- State Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, # 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Qian Wan
- State Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, # 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yan Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Liudi Yuan
- State Education Ministry's Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Diseases, Institute of Life Sciences, Southeast University, # 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School of Southeast University, # 87 Dingjiaqiao Road, Nanjing 210009, China.
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83
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Xu F, Wang X, Feng Y, Huang W, Wang W, Li L, Fang X, Que H, Zhang G. Identification of conserved and novel microRNAs in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas by deep sequencing. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104371. [PMID: 25137038 PMCID: PMC4138081 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 07/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in regulatory processes in various organisms. To date many studies have been performed in the investigation of miRNAs of numerous bilaterians, but limited numbers of miRNAs have been identified in the few species belonging to the clade Lophotrochozoa. In the current study, deep sequencing was conducted to identify the miRNAs of Crassostrea gigas (Lophotrochozoa) at a genomic scale, using 21 libraries that included different developmental stages and adult organs. A total of 100 hairpin precursor loci were predicted to encode miRNAs. Of these, 19 precursors (pre-miRNA) were novel in the oyster. As many as 53 (53%) miRNAs were distributed in clusters and 49 (49%) precursors were intragenic, which suggests two important biogenetic sources of miRNAs. Different developmental stages were characterized with specific miRNA expression patterns that highlighted regulatory variation along a temporal axis. Conserved miRNAs were expressed universally throughout different stages and organs, whereas novel miRNAs tended to be more specific and may be related to the determination of the novel body plan. Furthermore, we developed an index named the miRNA profile age index (miRPAI) to integrate the evolutionary age and expression levels of miRNAs during a particular developmental stage. We found that the swimming stages were characterized by the youngest miRPAIs. Indeed, the large-scale expression of novel miRNAs indicated the importance of these stages during development, particularly from organogenetic and evolutionary perspectives. Some potentially important miRNAs were identified for further study through significant changes between expression patterns in different developmental events, such as metamorphosis. This study broadened the knowledge of miRNAs in animals and indicated the presence of sophisticated miRNA regulatory networks related to the biological processes in lophotrochozoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Wen Huang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Li Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Huayong Que
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Guofan Zhang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Ecological Mariculture, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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84
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Keyte AL, Smith KK. Heterochrony and developmental timing mechanisms: changing ontogenies in evolution. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2014; 34:99-107. [PMID: 24994599 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Heterochrony, or a change in developmental timing, is an important mechanism of evolutionary change. Historically the concept of heterochrony has focused alternatively on changes in size and shape or changes in developmental sequence, but most have focused on the pattern of change. Few studies have examined changes in the mechanisms that embryos use to actually measure time during development. Recently, evolutionary studies focused on changes in distinct timekeeping mechanisms have appeared, and this review examines two such case studies: the evolution of increased segment number in snakes and the extreme rostral to caudal gradient of developmental maturation in marsupials. In both examples, heterochronic modifications of the somite clock have been important drivers of evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Keyte
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Kathleen K Smith
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States.
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85
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Stratoulias V, Heino TI, Michon F. Lin-28 regulates oogenesis and muscle formation in Drosophila melanogaster. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101141. [PMID: 24963666 PMCID: PMC4071072 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the control of stem cell (SC) differentiation is important to comprehend developmental processes as well as to develop clinical applications. Lin28 is a conserved molecule that is involved in SC maintenance and differentiation by regulating let-7 miRNA maturation. However, little is known about the in vivo function of Lin28. Here, we report critical roles for lin-28 during oogenesis. We found that let-7 maturation was increased in lin-28 null mutant fly ovaries. We showed that lin-28 null mutant female flies displayed reduced fecundity, due to defects in egg chamber formation. More specifically, we demonstrated that in mutant ovaries, the egg chambers fuse during early oogenesis resulting in abnormal late egg chambers. We also showed that this phenotype is the combined result of impaired germline SC differentiation and follicle SC differentiation. We suggest a model in which these multiple oogenesis defects result from a misregulation of the ecdysone signaling network, through the fine-tuning of Abrupt and Fasciclin2 expression. Our results give a better understanding of the evolutionarily conserved role of lin-28 on GSC maintenance and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tapio I. Heino
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail: (FM); (TH)
| | - Frederic Michon
- Institute of Biotechnology, Developmental Biology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- * E-mail: (FM); (TH)
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86
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Yeh SD, von Grotthuss M, Gandasetiawan KA, Jayasekera S, Xia XQ, Chan C, Jayaswal V, Ranz JM. Functional divergence of the miRNA transcriptome at the onset of Drosophila metamorphosis. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31:2557-72. [PMID: 24951729 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msu195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous RNA molecules that regulate gene expression posttranscriptionally. To date, the emergence of miRNAs and their patterns of sequence evolution have been analyzed in great detail. However, the extent to which miRNA expression levels have evolved over time, the role different evolutionary forces play in shaping these changes, and whether this variation in miRNA expression can reveal the interplay between miRNAs and mRNAs remain poorly understood. This is especially true for miRNA expressed during key developmental transitions. Here, we assayed miRNA expression levels immediately before (≥18BPF [18 h before puparium formation]) and after (PF) the increase in the hormone ecdysone responsible for triggering metamorphosis. We did so in four strains of Drosophila melanogaster and two closely related species. In contrast to their sequence conservation, approximately 25% of miRNAs analyzed showed significant within-species variation in male expression levels at ≥18BPF and/or PF. Additionally, approximately 33% showed modifications in their pattern of expression bias between developmental timepoints. A separate analysis of the ≥18BPF and PF stages revealed that changes in miRNA abundance accumulate linearly over evolutionary time at PF but not at ≥18BPF. Importantly, ≥18BPF-enriched miRNAs showed the greatest variation in expression levels both within and between species, so are the less likely to evolve under stabilizing selection. Functional attributes, such as expression ubiquity, appeared more tightly associated with lower levels of miRNA expression polymorphism at PF than at ≥18BPF. Furthermore, ≥18BPF- and PF-enriched miRNAs showed opposite patterns of covariation in expression with mRNAs, which denoted the type of regulatory relationship between miRNAs and mRNAs. Collectively, our results show contrasting patterns of functional divergence associated with miRNA expression levels during Drosophila ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Dan Yeh
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Marcin von Grotthuss
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Suvini Jayasekera
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Xiao-Qin Xia
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Carolus Chan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine
| | - Vivek Jayaswal
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - José M Ranz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Irvine
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87
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Mogilyansky E, Rigoutsos I. The miR-17/92 cluster: a comprehensive update on its genomics, genetics, functions and increasingly important and numerous roles in health and disease. Cell Death Differ 2014; 20:1603-14. [PMID: 24212931 PMCID: PMC3824591 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2013.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 635] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 07/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The miR-17/92 cluster is among the best-studied microRNA clusters. Interest in the cluster and its members has been increasing steadily and the number of publications has grown exponentially since its discovery with more than 1000 articles published in 2012 alone. Originally found to be involved in tumorigenesis, research work in recent years has uncovered unexpected roles for its members in a wide variety of settings that include normal development, immune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In light of its ever-increasing importance and ever-widening regulatory roles, we review here the latest body of knowledge on the cluster's involvement in health and disease as well as provide a novel perspective on the full spectrum of protein-coding and non-coding transcripts that are likely regulated by its members.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mogilyansky
- Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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88
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Rehfeld F, Rohde AM, Nguyen DTT, Wulczyn FG. Lin28 and let-7: ancient milestones on the road from pluripotency to neurogenesis. Cell Tissue Res 2014; 359:145-60. [PMID: 24825413 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-014-1872-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Beginning with their discovery in the context of stem cell fate choice in Caenorhabditis elegans, the microRNA (miRNA) let-7 and the RNA-binding protein Lin28 have been recognized as a regulatory pair with far-reaching impact on stem cell behavior in a wide range of organisms and tissues, including the mammalian brain. In this review, we describe molecular interactions between Lin28 and let-7 and the biological role that each plays in implementing stem cell programs that either maintain stem cell self-renewal and plasticity or drive lineage commitment and differentiation. For Lin28, considerable progress has been made in defining let-7-dependent and let-7-independent functions in the maintenance of pluripotency, somatic cell reprogramming, tissue regeneration, and neural stem cell plasticity. For the pro-differentiation activity of let-7, we focus on emerging roles in mammalian neurogenesis and neuronal function. Specific targets and pathways for let-7 have been identified in embryonic and adult neurogenesis, including corticogenesis, retinal specification, and adult neurogenic niches. Special emphasis is given to examples of feedback and feedforward regulation, in particular within the miRNA biogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Rehfeld
- Institute for Cell and Neurobiology, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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89
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Chawla G, Sokol NS. ADAR mediates differential expression of polycistronic microRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 2014; 42:5245-55. [PMID: 24561617 PMCID: PMC4005697 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gku145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNAs (ADARs) convert adenosine residues to inosines in primary microRNA (pri-miRNA) transcripts to alter the structural conformation of these precursors and the subsequent functions of the encoded microRNAs (miRNAs). Here we show that RNA editing by Drosophila ADAR modulates the expression of three co-transcribed miRNAs encoded by the evolutionarily conserved let-7-Complex (let-7-C) locus. For example, a single A-to-I change at the −6 residue of pri-miR-100, the first miRNA in this let-7-C polycistronic transcript, leads to enhanced miRNA processing by Drosha and consequently enhanced functional miR-100 both in vitro as well as in vivo. In contrast, other editing events, including one at the +43 residue of the pri-miR-125, destabilize the primary transcript and reduce the levels of all three encoded miRNAs. Consequently, loss of adar in vivo leads to reduced miR-100 but increased miR-125. In wild-type animals, the destabilizing editing events in pri-let-7-C increase during the larval-to-adult transition and are critical for the normal downregulation of all three miRNAs seen late in metamorphosis. These findings unravel a new regulatory role for ADAR and raise the possibility that ADAR mediates the differential expression characteristic of many polycistronic miRNA clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Chawla
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
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90
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Hartl M, Grunwald Kadow IC. New roles for "old" microRNAs in nervous system function and disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2013; 6:51. [PMID: 24399929 PMCID: PMC3871958 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2013.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery, microRNAs became prominent candidates providing missing links on how to explain the developmental and phenotypical variation within one species or among different species. In addition, microRNAs were implicated in diseases such as neurodegeneration and cancer. More recently, the regulation of animal behavior was shown to be influenced by microRNAs. In spite of their numerous functions, only a few microRNAs were discovered by using classic genetic approaches. Due to the very mild or redundant phenotypes of most microRNAs or their genomic location within introns of other genes many regulatory microRNAs were missed. In this review, we focus on three microRNAs first identified in a forward genetic screen in invertebrates for their essential function in animal development, namely bantam, let-7, and miR-279. All three are essential for survival, are not located in introns of other genes, and are highly conserved among species. We highlight their important functions in the nervous system and discuss their emerging roles, especially during nervous system disease and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Hartl
- MRC Clinical Science Center, Hammersmith Hospital Campus London, UK ; Max-Planck Institute of Neurobiology Martinsried, Germany
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91
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Abstract
A single transcript sometimes codes for more than one product. In bacteria, and in a few exceptional animal lineages, many genes are organized into operons: clusters of open reading frames that are transcribed together in a single polycistronic transcript. However, polycistronic transcripts are rare in eukaryotes. One notable exception is that of miRNAs (microRNAs), small RNAs that regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. The primary transcripts of miRNAs commonly produce more than one functional product, by at least three different mechanisms. miRNAs are often produced from polycistronic transcripts together with other miRNA precursors. Also, miRNAs frequently derive from protein-coding gene introns. Finally, each miRNA precursor can produce two mature miRNA products. We argue, in the present review, that miRNAs are frequently hosted in transcripts coding for multiple products because new miRNA precursor sequences that arise by chance in transcribed regions are more likely to become functional miRNAs during evolution.
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92
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Rubio M, Belles X. Subtle roles of microRNAs let-7, miR-100 and miR-125 on wing morphogenesis in hemimetabolan metamorphosis. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 59:1089-1094. [PMID: 24071062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/14/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In most insect species, the microRNA (miRNA) let-7 clusters with miR-100 and miR-125 in the same primary transcript. The three miRNAs are involved in developmental timing in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans and in the fly Drosophila melanogaster. In the cockroach Blattella germanica, the expression of these miRNAs increases dramatically in the wing pads around the molting peak of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) of the last instar nymph. When let-7 and miR-100 were depleted with specific anti-miRNAs in this instar, the resulting adults showed wings reduced in size (when miR-100 was depleted) or with malformed vein patterning (when let-7 and miR-100 were depleted). Depletion of miR-125 induced no apparent effects. Interestingly, the wing phenotype obtained after depleting let-7 and miR-100 is similar to that resulting from silencing the expression of Broad-Complex (BR-C) transcription factors with RNA interference (hindwings with a short CuP vein, with the vein/inter-vein pattern disorganized in the anterior part and showing anomalous bifurcations of the A-veins in the posterior part).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Rubio
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Passeig Marítim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
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93
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Takyar S, Vasavada H, Zhang JG, Ahangari F, Niu N, Liu Q, Lee CG, Cohn L, Elias JA. VEGF controls lung Th2 inflammation via the miR-1-Mpl (myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene)-P-selectin axis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 210:1993-2010. [PMID: 24043765 PMCID: PMC3782056 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20121200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Asthma, the prototypic Th2-mediated inflammatory disorder of the lung, is an emergent disease worldwide. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a critical regulator of pulmonary Th2 inflammation, but the underlying mechanism and the roles of microRNAs (miRNAs) in this process have not been defined. Here we show that lung-specific overexpression of VEGF decreases miR-1 expression in the lung, most prominently in the endothelium, and a similar down-regulation occurs in lung endothelium in Th2 inflammation models. Intranasal delivery of miR-1 inhibited inflammatory responses to ovalbumin, house dust mite, and IL-13 overexpression. Blocking VEGF inhibited Th2-mediated lung inflammation, and this was restored by antagonizing miR-1. Using mRNA arrays, Argonaute pull-down assays, luciferase expression assays, and mutational analysis, we identified Mpl as a direct target of miR-1 and showed that VEGF controls the expression of endothelial Mpl during Th2 inflammation via the regulation of miR-1. In vivo knockdown of Mpl inhibited Th2 inflammation and indirectly inhibited the expression of P-selectin in lung endothelium. These experiments define a novel VEGF-miR-1-Mpl-P-selectin effector pathway in lung Th2 inflammation and herald the utility of miR-1 and Mpl as potential therapeutic targets for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyedtaghi Takyar
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
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94
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Jiang J, Ge X, Li Z, Wang Y, Song Q, Stanley DW, Tan A, Huang Y. MicroRNA-281 regulates the expression of ecdysone receptor (EcR) isoform B in the silkworm, Bombyx mori. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:692-700. [PMID: 23707601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2013.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Insect development and metamorphosis are regulated by the coordination of ecdysone and juvenile hormones. Insect microRNAs (miRNAs) also act in insect development and metamorphosis by regulating genes in the ecdysone cascade. Although hundreds of insect miRNAs have been identified, the physiological functions of most remain poorly understood. Here, we report that a conserved insect miRNA, microRNA-281 (miR-281), regulates the ecdysone receptor (EcR), in an isoform-specific manner in the silkworm Bombyx mori. The B. mori EcR (BmEcR) gene encodes three isoforms: BmEcR-A, BmEcR-B1 and BmEcR-B2. The 3'UTR regions of A and B genes, which contain multiple potential microRNA targeting sites, are distinct. Target prediction revealed that miR-281 may specifically target the 3'UTR of BmEcR-B. Using a dual luciferase reporter assay in HEK293T cells, we confirmed that miR-281 suppressed transcription of BmEcR-B but not BmEcR-A. The expression of miR-281 and BmEcR-B are well coordinated in the Malpighian tubules from the fourth larval molt to pupation. In the Malpighian tubules of fifth instar larvae, BmEcR-B protein expression was down-regulated after injection of a miR-281 mimic while up-regulated after injection of a miR-281 inhibitor. miR-281 expression was suppressed by 20-hydroxyecdysone treatments but not affected by juvenile hormone treatments. Based on these findings, we propose that miR-281 participates in B. mori developmental regulation in the Malpighian tubules through suppression of BmEcR-B expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Jiang
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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95
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Kucherenko MM, Shcherbata HR. Steroids as external temporal codes act via microRNAs and cooperate with cytokines in differential neurogenesis. Fly (Austin) 2013; 7:173-83. [PMID: 23839338 PMCID: PMC4049850 DOI: 10.4161/fly.25241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of neuronal cell diversity is controlled by interdependent mechanisms, including cell intrinsic programs and environmental cues. During development, the astonishing variety of neurons is originated according to a precise timetable that is managed by a complex network of genes specifying individual types of neurons. Different neurons express specific sets of transcription factors, and they can be recognized by morphological characteristics and spatial localization, but, most importantly, they connect to each other and form functional units in a stereotyped fashion. This connectivity depends, mostly, on selective cell adhesion that is strictly regulated. While intrinsic factors specifying neuronal temporal identity have been extensively studied, an extrinsic temporal factor controlling neuronal temporal identity switch has not been shown. Our data demonstrate that pulses of steroid hormone act as a temporal cue to fine-tune neuronal cell differentiation. Here we also provide evidence that extrinsic JAK/STAT cytokine signaling acts as a spatial code in the process. Particularly, in Drosophila mushroom bodies, neuronal identity transition is controlled by steroid-dependent microRNAs that regulate spatially distributed cytokine-dependent signaling factors that in turn modulate cell adhesion. A new era of neuronal plasticity assessment via managing external temporal cues such as hormones and cytokines that specify individual types of neurons might open new possibilities for brain regenerative therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya M Kucherenko
- Max Planck Research Group of Gene Expression and Signaling; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry; Goettingen, Germany
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96
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Insco ML, Bailey AS, Kim J, Olivares GH, Wapinski OL, Tam CH, Fuller MT. A self-limiting switch based on translational control regulates the transition from proliferation to differentiation in an adult stem cell lineage. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 11:689-700. [PMID: 23122292 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2011] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In adult stem cell lineages, progenitor cells commonly undergo mitotic transit amplifying (TA) divisions before terminal differentiation, allowing production of many differentiated progeny per stem cell division. Mechanisms that limit TA divisions and trigger the switch to differentiation may protect against cancer by preventing accumulation of oncogenic mutations in the proliferating population. Here we show that the switch from TA proliferation to differentiation in the Drosophila male germline stem cell lineage is mediated by translational control. The TRIM-NHL tumor suppressor homolog Mei-P26 facilitates accumulation of the differentiation regulator Bam in TA cells. In turn, Bam and its partner Bgcn bind the mei-P26 3' untranslated region and repress translation of mei-P26 in late TA cells. Thus, germ cells progress through distinct, sequential regulatory states, from Mei-P26 on/Bam off to Bam on/Mei-P26 off. TRIM-NHL homologs across species facilitate the switch from proliferation to differentiation, suggesting a conserved developmentally programmed tumor suppressor mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan L Insco
- Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA
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97
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Abstract
In recent years, the highly conserved Lin28 RNA-binding proteins have emerged as factors that define stemness in several tissue lineages. Lin28 proteins repress let-7 microRNAs and influence mRNA translation, thereby regulating the self-renewal of mammalian embryonic stem cells. Subsequent discoveries revealed that Lin28a and Lin28b are also important in organismal growth and metabolism, tissue development, somatic reprogramming, and cancer. In this review, we discuss the Lin28 pathway and its regulation, outline its roles in stem cells, tissue development, and pathogenesis, and examine the ramifications for re-engineering mammalian physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ng Shyh-Chang
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - George Q. Daley
- Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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98
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Jayachandran B, Hussain M, Asgari S. An insect trypsin-like serine protease as a target of microRNA: utilization of microRNA mimics and inhibitors by oral feeding. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 43:398-406. [PMID: 23108205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2012.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding small RNAs (18-25 nt) that play crucial roles in various biological processes, including development, as gene regulators. In this study, we identified a miRNA, har-miR-2002b, that is specifically expressed during larval stages of Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm). For the first time, we explored the possibility of utilizing synthetic inhibitor and mimic of a miRNA by oral feeding and confirmed that the inhibitor and mimic can successfully inhibit/oversupply har-miR-2002b in H. armigera larvae. Bioassays by oral feeding indicated 70% reduction in fecundity and 40% larval mortality in the presence of har-miR-2002b mimic. In addition, a large proportion of those larvae that made it to the pupal stage were deformed and only few moths emerged from them. This implied an important role of har-miR-2002b in larval development and adult fecundity. A trypsin-like serine protease (Ha-TLP) was identified as a target of har-miR-2002b. In vivo and in vitro studies revealed that in the presence of the miRNA mimic Ha-TLP transcript/protein levels and enzyme activity were significantly reduced. In contrast, inhibition of har-miR-2002b led to significant up-regulation of Ha-TLP transcript levels. This is the first study which shows the potential of utilization of miRNA mimics and inhibitors in pest control by targeting specific insect genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandran Jayachandran
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
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99
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Repression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 by let-7i attenuates mesenchymal migration of head and neck cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 433:24-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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100
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Sangiao-Alvarellos S, Manfredi-Lozano M, Ruiz-Pino F, Navarro VM, Sánchez-Garrido MA, Leon S, Dieguez C, Cordido F, Matagne V, Dissen GA, Ojeda SR, Pinilla L, Tena-Sempere M. Changes in hypothalamic expression of the Lin28/let-7 system and related microRNAs during postnatal maturation and after experimental manipulations of puberty. Endocrinology 2013; 154:942-55. [PMID: 23291449 PMCID: PMC3548186 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Lin28 and Lin28b are related RNA-binding proteins that inhibit the maturation of miRNAs of the let-7 family and participate in the control of cellular stemness and early embryonic development. Considerable interest has arisen recently concerning other physiological roles of the Lin28/let-7 axis, including its potential involvement in the control of puberty, as suggested by genome-wide association studies and functional genomics. We report herein the expression profiles of Lin28 and let-7 members in the rat hypothalamus during postnatal maturation and in selected models of altered puberty. The expression patterns of c-Myc (upstream positive regulator of Lin28), mir-145 (negative regulator of c-Myc), and mir-132 and mir-9 (putative miRNA repressors of Lin28, predicted by bioinformatic algorithms) were also explored. In male and female rats, Lin28, Lin28b, and c-Myc mRNAs displayed very high hypothalamic expression during the neonatal period, markedly decreased during the infantile-to-juvenile transition and reached minimal levels before/around puberty. A similar puberty-related decline was observed for Lin28b in monkey hypothalamus but not in the rat cortex, suggesting species conservation and tissue specificity. Conversely, let-7a, let-7b, mir-132, and mir-145, but not mir-9, showed opposite expression profiles. Perturbation of brain sex differentiation and puberty, by neonatal treatment with estrogen or androgen, altered the expression ratios of Lin28/let-7 at the time of puberty. Changes in the c-Myc/Lin28b/let-7 pathway were also detected in models of delayed puberty linked to early photoperiod manipulation and, to a lesser extent, postnatal underfeeding or chronic subnutrition. Altogether, our data are the first to document dramatic changes in the expression of the Lin28/let-7 axis in the rat hypothalamus during the postnatal maturation and after different manipulations that disturb puberty, thus suggesting the potential involvement of developmental changes in hypothalamic Lin28/let-7 expression in the mechanisms permitting/leading to puberty onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sangiao-Alvarellos
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Avda, Menendez Pidal s/n.14004, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
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