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Quezada EH, García GX, Arthikala MK, Melappa G, Lara M, Nanjareddy K. Cysteine-Rich Receptor-Like Kinase Gene Family Identification in the Phaseolus Genome and Comparative Analysis of Their Expression Profiles Specific to Mycorrhizal and Rhizobial Symbiosis. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10010059. [PMID: 30658517 PMCID: PMC6356535 DOI: 10.3390/genes10010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are conserved upstream signaling molecules that regulate several biological processes, including plant development and stress adaptation. Cysteine (C)-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are an important class of RLK that play vital roles in disease resistance and cell death in plants. Genome-wide analyses of CRK genes have been carried out in Arabidopsis and rice, while functional characterization of some CRKs has been carried out in wheat and tomato in addition to Arabidopsis. A comprehensive analysis of the CRK gene family in leguminous crops has not yet been conducted, and our understanding of their roles in symbiosis is rather limited. Here, we report the comprehensive analysis of the PhaseolusCRK gene family, including identification, sequence similarity, phylogeny, chromosomal localization, gene structures, transcript expression profiles, and in silico promoter analysis. Forty-six CRK homologs were identified and phylogenetically clustered into five groups. Expression analysis suggests that PvCRK genes are differentially expressed in both vegetative and reproductive tissues. Further, transcriptomic analysis revealed that shared and unique CRK genes were upregulated during arbuscular mycorrhizal and rhizobial symbiosis. Overall, the systematic analysis of the PvCRK gene family provides valuable information for further studies on the biological roles of CRKs in various Phaseolus tissues during diverse biological processes, including Phaseolus-mycorrhiza/rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsa-Herminia Quezada
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 37684 León, Mexico.
| | - Gabriel-Xicoténcatl García
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 37684 León, Mexico.
| | - Manoj-Kumar Arthikala
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 37684 León, Mexico.
| | - Govindappa Melappa
- Department of Biotechnology, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Shavige Malleshwara Hills, Kumaraswamy Layout, Bengaluru 560 078, India.
| | - Miguel Lara
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 62271 Cuernavaca, Mexico.
| | - Kalpana Nanjareddy
- Ciencias Agrogenómicas, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad León-Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), C.P. 37684 León, Mexico.
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Dubey H, Kiran K, Jaswal R, Jain P, Kayastha AM, Bhardwaj SC, Mondal TK, Sharma TR. Discovery and profiling of small RNAs from Puccinia triticina by deep sequencing and identification of their potential targets in wheat. Funct Integr Genomics 2019; 19:391-407. [PMID: 30618015 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-018-00652-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cross-kingdom RNAi is a well-documented phenomenon where sRNAs generated by host and pathogens may govern resistance or susceptible phenotypes during host-pathogen interaction. With the first example of the direct involvement of fungal generated sRNAs in virulence of plant pathogenic fungi Botrytis cinerea and recently from Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, we attempted to identify sRNAs in Puccinia triticina (P. triticina). Four sRNA libraries were prepared and sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology and a total of ~ 1-1.28 million potential sRNAs and two microRNA-like small RNA (mil-RNAs) candidates were identified. Computational prediction of targets using a common set of sRNAs and P. triticina mil-RNAs (pt-mil-RNAs) within P. triticina and wheat revealed the majority of the targets as repetitive elements in P. triticina whereas in wheat, the target genes were identified to be involved in many biological processes including defense-related pathways. We found 9 receptor-like kinases (RLKs) and 14 target genes of each related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) pathway and transcription factors respectively, including significant numbers of target genes from various other categories. Expression analysis of twenty selected sRNAs, targeting host genes pertaining to ROS related, disease resistance, metabolic processes, transporter, apoptotic inhibitor, and transcription factors along with two pt-mil-RNAs by qRT-PCR showed distinct patterns of expression of the sRNAs in urediniospore-specific libraries. In this study, for the first time, we report identification of novel sRNAs identified in P. triticina including two pt-mil-RNAs that may play an important role in biotrophic growth and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Dubey
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.,School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Kanti Kiran
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, 160071, India
| | - Priyanka Jain
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arvind M Kayastha
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Subhash C Bhardwaj
- ICAR-Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, 171009, India
| | - Tapan Kumar Mondal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India. .,National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute (NABI), Mohali, Punjab, 160071, India.
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Hu P, Liu J, Xu J, Zhou C, Cao S, Zhou W, Huang Z, Yuan S, Wang X, Xiao J, Zhang R, Wang H, Zhang S, Xing L, Cao A. A malectin-like/leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase gene, RLK-V, regulates powdery mildew resistance in wheat. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:2561-2574. [PMID: 30030900 PMCID: PMC6637979 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) can trigger plant immunity through the recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this study, we report that a malectin-like/leucine-rich repeat receptor protein kinase gene, RLK-V, from Haynaldia villosa putatively acts as a PRR to positively regulate powdery mildew resistance caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt) in wheat. RLK-V has two alternatively spliced transcripts corresponding to an intact RLK-V1.1 and a truncated RLK-V1.2 caused by intron retention. Expression analysis showed that both transcripts could be up-regulated by Bgt in resistant materials, whereas the functional RLK-V1.1 was expressed only after Bgt inoculation. Promoter activity assays indicated that RLK-V could respond to Bgt even in susceptible wheat. Silencing of RLK-V in Pm21-carrying resistant materials resulted in compromised resistance to Bgt. In addition, over-expression of RLK-V1.1 in Pm21-lacking susceptible Yangmai158 and SM-1 by single-cell transient expression and stable transformation in Yangmai158 could improve powdery mildew resistance. We propose that RLK-V regulates basal resistance to powdery mildew, which is also required for broad-spectrum resistance mediated by the Pm21 gene. Over-expression of RLK-V1.1 could trigger cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana, and RLK-V1.1 transgenic wheat accumulated more reactive oxygen species and displayed a stronger hypersensitive response than did the recipient, which led to enhanced Bgt resistance. However, constitutive activation of RLK-V1.1 resulted in the abnormal growth of transgenic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological BreedingHenan Institute of Science and Technology453003China
| | - Jiaqian Liu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Jiefei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Chuanyu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Shuqi Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Weihao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Zhenpu Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Sufan Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Xiue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Jin Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Ruiqi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Shouzhong Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Liping Xing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
| | - Aizhong Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm EnhancementCytogenetics Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University/JCIC‐MCPNanjing210095China
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Delgado-Cerrone L, Alvarez A, Mena E, Ponce de León I, Montesano M. Genome-wide analysis of the soybean CRK-family and transcriptional regulation by biotic stress signals triggering plant immunity. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207438. [PMID: 30440039 PMCID: PMC6237359 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are transmembrane proteins that exhibit ectodomains containing the domain of unknown function 26 (DUF26). The CRKs form a large subfamily of receptor-like kinases in plants, and their possible functions remain to be elucidated. Several lines of evidence suggest that CRKs play important roles in plant defense responses to environmental stress, including plant immunity. We performed a genome-wide analysis of CRK encoding genes in soybean (Glycine max). We found 91 GmCRKs distributed in 16 chromosomes, and identified several tandem and segmental duplications, which influenced the expansion of this gene family. According to our phylogenetic analysis, GmCRKs are grouped in four clades. Furthermore, 12% of the members exhibited GmCRKs with a duplicated bi-modular organization of the ectodomains, containing four DUF26 domains. Expression analysis of GmCRKs was performed by exploring publicly available databases, and by RT-qPCR analysis of selected genes in soybean leaves responding to biotic stress signals. GmCRKs exhibited diverse expression patterns in leaves, stems, roots, and other tissues. Some of them were highly expressed in only one type of tissue, suggesting predominant roles in specific tissues. Furthermore, several GmCRKs were induced with PAMPs, DAMPs and the pathogens Phakopsora pachyrhizi and Phytophthora sojae. Expression profiles of several GmCRKs encoding highly similar proteins exhibited antagonist modes of regulation. The results suggest a fine-tuning control of GmCRKs transcriptional regulation in response to external stimuli, including PAMPs and DAMPs. This study offers a comprehensive view of the GmCRKs family in soybean, and provides a foundation for evolutionary and functional analysis of this family of plant proteins involved in the perception of pathogens and activation of plant immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Delgado-Cerrone
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Alfonso Alvarez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Eilyn Mena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Inés Ponce de León
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Marcos Montesano
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, Uruguay
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal, Centro de Investigaciones Nucleares, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
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Li N, Liu H, Sun J, Zheng H, Wang J, Yang L, Zhao H, Zou D. Transcriptome analysis of two contrasting rice cultivars during alkaline stress. Sci Rep 2018; 8:9586. [PMID: 29941956 PMCID: PMC6018505 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27940-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil alkalinity greatly affects plant growth and crop productivity. Although RNA-Seq analyses have been conducted to investigate genome-wide gene expression in response to alkaline stress in many plants, the expressions of alkali-responsive genes in rice have not been previously investigated. In this study, the transcriptomic data between an alkaline-tolerant (WD20342) and an alkaline-sensitive (Caidao) rice cultivar were compared under alkaline stress conditions. A total of 962 important alkali-responsive (IAR) genes from highly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 28 alkaline-resistant cultivar-related genes, 771 alkaline-sensitive cultivar-related genes and 163 cultivar-non-specific genes. Gene ontology (GO) analysis indicated the enrichment of IAR genes involved in various stimulus or stress responses. According to Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, the IAR genes were related primarily to plant hormone signal transduction and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. Additionally, among these 962 IAR genes, 74 were transcription factors and 15 occurred with differential alternative splicing between the different samples after alkaline treatment. Our results provide a valuable resource on alkali-responsive genes and should benefit the improvement of alkaline stress tolerance in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hualong Liu
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jian Sun
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongliang Zheng
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingguo Wang
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Luomiao Yang
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongwei Zhao
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Detang Zou
- Rice Research Institute, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.
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Li TG, Zhang DD, Zhou L, Kong ZQ, Hussaini AS, Wang D, Li JJ, Short DPG, Dhar N, Klosterman SJ, Wang BL, Yin CM, Subbarao KV, Chen JY, Dai XF. Genome-Wide Identification and Functional Analyses of the CRK Gene Family in Cotton Reveals GbCRK18 Confers Verticillium Wilt Resistance in Gossypium barbadense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1266. [PMID: 30254650 PMCID: PMC6141769 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are a large subfamily of plant receptor-like kinases that play a critical role in disease resistance in plants. However, knowledge about the CRK gene family in cotton and its function against Verticillium wilt (VW), a destructive disease caused by Verticillium dahliae that significantly reduces cotton yields is lacking. In this study, we identified a total of 30 typical CRKs in a Gossypium barbadense genome (GbCRKs). Eleven of these (>30%) are located on the A06 and D06 chromosomes, and 18 consisted of 9 paralogous pairs encoded in the A and D subgenomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GbCRKs could be classified into four broad groups, the expansion of which has probably been driven by tandem duplication. Gene expression profiling of the GbCRKs in resistant and susceptible cotton cultivars revealed that a phylogenetic cluster of nine of the GbCRK genes were up-regulated in response to V. dahliae infection. Virus-induced gene silencing of each of these nine GbCRKs independently revealed that the silencing of GbCRK18 was sufficient to compromise VW resistance in G. barbadense. GbCRK18 expression could be induced by V. dahliae infection or jasmonic acid, and displayed plasma membrane localization. Therefore, our expression analyses indicated that the CRK gene family is differentially regulated in response to Verticillium infection, while gene silencing experiments revealed that GbCRK18 in particular confers VW resistance in G. barbadense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Gang Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Kong
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Adamu S. Hussaini
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Jiao Li
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dylan P. G. Short
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Nikhilesh Dhar
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Steven J. Klosterman
- Crop Improvement and Protection Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Salinas, CA, United States
| | - Bao-Li Wang
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Mei Yin
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Krishna V. Subbarao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
- U.S. Agricultural Research Station, Salinas, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Krishna V. Subbarao, Jie-Yin Chen, Xiao-Feng Dai,
| | - Jie-Yin Chen
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Krishna V. Subbarao, Jie-Yin Chen, Xiao-Feng Dai,
| | - Xiao-Feng Dai
- Laboratory of Cotton Disease, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Krishna V. Subbarao, Jie-Yin Chen, Xiao-Feng Dai,
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Zhou Q, Zhang Z, Liu T, Gao B, Xiong X. Identification and Map-Based Cloning of the Light-Induced Lesion Mimic Mutant 1 ( LIL1) Gene in Rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2122. [PMID: 29312386 PMCID: PMC5742160 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The hypersensitive response (HR) is a mechanism by which plants prevent the spread of pathogen. Despite extensive study, the molecular mechanisms underlying HR remain poorly understood. Lesion mimic mutants (LMMs), such as LIL1 that was identified in an ethylmethane sulfonate mutagenized population of Indica rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. Indica) 93-11, can be used to study the HR. Under natural field conditions, the leaves of LIL1 mutant plants exhibited light-induced, small, rust-red lesions that first appeared at the leaf tips and subsequently expanded throughout the entire leaf blade to the leaf sheath. Histochemical staining indicated that LIL1 lesions displayed an abnormal accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and resulted from programmed cell death (PCD). The LIL1 mutants also displayed increased expression of defense-related genes and enhanced resistance to rice blast fungus (Magnaporthe grisea). Genetic analysis showed that mutation of LIL1 created a semi-dominant allele. Using 1,758 individuals in the F2 population, LIL1 was mapped in a 222.3 kb region on the long arm of chromosome 7. That contains 12 predicted open reading frames (ORFs). Sequence analysis of these 12 candidate genes revealed a G to A base substitution in the fourth exon of LOC_Os07g30510, a putative cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK), which led to an amino acid change (Val 429 to Ile) in the LIL1 protein. Comparison of the transcript accumulation of the 12 candidate genes between LIL1 and 93-11 revealed that LOC_Os07g30510 was up-regulated significantly in LIL1. Overexpression of the LOC_Os07g30510 gene from LIL1 induced a LIL1-like lesion phenotype in Nipponbare. Thus, LIL1 is a novel LMM in rice that will facilitate the further study of the molecular mechanisms of HR and the rice blast resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Changsha, China
| | - Zhifei Zhang
- Agricultural College, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Bida Gao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, College of Plant Protection, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Xingyao Xiong
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Changsha, China
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Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in defense against alkaline stress in roots of wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185732. [PMID: 28976994 PMCID: PMC5627934 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba Mill.) is highly tolerant to alkaline, saline and drought stress; however, no studies have performed transcriptome profiling to study the response of wild jujube to these and other abiotic stresses. In this study, we examined the tolerance of wild jujube to NaHCO3-NaOH solution and analyzed gene expression profiles in response to alkaline stress. Physiological experiments revealed that H2O2 content in leaves increased significantly and root activity decreased quickly during alkaline of pH 9.5 treatment. For transcriptome analysis, wild jujube plants grown hydroponically were treated with NaHCO3-NaOH solution for 0, 1, and 12 h and six transcriptomes from roots were built. In total, 32,758 genes were generated, and 3,604 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. After 1 h, 853 genes showed significantly different expression between control and treated plants; after 12 h, expression of 2,856 genes was significantly different. The expression pattern of nine genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. After gene annotation and gene ontology enrichment analysis, the genes encoding transcriptional factors, serine/threonine-protein kinases, heat shock proteins, cysteine-like kinases, calmodulin-like proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers were found to be closely involved in alkaline stress response. These results will provide useful insights for elucidating the mechanisms underlying alkaline tolerance in wild jujube.
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Yan J, Su P, Wei Z, Nevo E, Kong L. Genome-wide identification, classification, evolutionary analysis and gene expression patterns of the protein kinase gene family in wheat and Aegilops tauschii. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 95:227-242. [PMID: 28918554 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study we systematically identified and classified PKs in Triticum aestivum, Triticum urartu and Aegilops tauschii. Domain distribution and exon-intron structure analyses of PKs were performed, and we found conserved exon-intron structures within the exon phases in the kinase domain. Collinearity events were determined, and we identified various T. aestivum PKs from polyploidizations and tandem duplication events. Global expression pattern analysis of T. aestivum PKs revealed that some PKs might participate in the signaling pathways of stress response and developmental processes. QRT-PCR of 15 selected PKs were performed under drought treatment and with infection of Fusarium graminearum to validate the prediction of microarray. The protein kinase (PK) gene superfamily is one of the largest families in plants and participates in various plant processes, including growth, development, and stress response. To better understand wheat PKs, we conducted genome-wide identification, classification, evolutionary analysis and expression profiles of wheat and Ae. tauschii PKs. We identified 3269, 1213 and 1448 typical PK genes in T. aestivum, T. urartu and Ae. tauschii, respectively, and classified them into major groups and subfamilies. Domain distributions and gene structures were analyzed and visualized. Some conserved intron-exon structures within the conserved kinase domain were found in T. aestivum, T. urartu and Ae. tauschii, as well as the primitive land plants Selaginella moellendorffii and Physcomitrella patens, revealing the important roles and conserved evolutionary history of these PKs. We analyzed the collinearity events of T. aestivum PKs and identified PKs from polyploidizations and tandem duplication events. Global expression pattern analysis of T. aestivum PKs revealed tissue-specific and stress-specific expression profiles, hinting that some wheat PKs may regulate abiotic and biotic stress response signaling pathways. QRT-PCR of 15 selected PKs were performed under drought treatment and with infection of F. graminearum to validate the prediction of microarray. Our results will provide the foundational information for further studies on the molecular functions of wheat PKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Peisen Su
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoran Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave., Mount Carmel, 3498838, Haifa, Israel.
| | - Lingrang Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, Shandong, China.
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Li Y, Ruperao P, Batley J, Edwards D, Davidson J, Hobson K, Sutton T. Genome Analysis Identified Novel Candidate Genes for Ascochyta Blight Resistance in Chickpea Using Whole Genome Re-sequencing Data. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:359. [PMID: 28367154 PMCID: PMC5355423 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Ascochyta blight (AB) is a fungal disease that can significantly reduce chickpea production in Australia and other regions of the world. In this study, 69 chickpea genotypes were sequenced using whole genome re-sequencing (WGRS) methods. They included 48 Australian varieties differing in their resistance ranking to AB, 16 advanced breeding lines from the Australian chickpea breeding program, four landraces, and one accession representing the wild chickpea species Cicer reticulatum. More than 800,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified. Population structure analysis revealed relatively narrow genetic diversity amongst recently released Australian varieties and two groups of varieties separated by the level of AB resistance. Several regions of the chickpea genome were under positive selection based on Tajima's D test. Both Fst genome- scan and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified a 100 kb region (AB4.1) on chromosome 4 that was significantly associated with AB resistance. The AB4.1 region co-located to a large QTL interval of 7 Mb∼30 Mb identified previously in three different mapping populations which were genotyped at relatively low density with SSR or SNP markers. The AB4.1 region was validated by GWAS in an additional collection of 132 advanced breeding lines from the Australian chickpea breeding program, genotyped with approximately 144,000 SNPs. The reduced level of nucleotide diversity and long extent of linkage disequilibrium also suggested the AB4.1 region may have gone through selective sweeps probably caused by selection of the AB resistance trait in breeding. In total, 12 predicted genes were located in the AB4.1 QTL region, including those annotated as: NBS-LRR receptor-like kinase, wall-associated kinase, zinc finger protein, and serine/threonine protein kinases. One significant SNP located in the conserved catalytic domain of a NBS-LRR receptor-like kinase led to amino acid substitution. Transcriptional analysis using qPCR showed that some predicted genes were significantly induced in resistant lines after inoculation compared to non-inoculated plants. This study demonstrates the power of combining WGRS data with relatively simple traits to rapidly develop "functional makers" for marker-assisted selection and genomic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongle Li
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, AdelaideSA, Australia
| | - Pradeep Ruperao
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Batley
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, CrawleyWA, Australia
| | - David Edwards
- School of Plant Biology and Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, CrawleyWA, Australia
| | - Jenny Davidson
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, UrrbraeSA, Australia
| | - Kristy Hobson
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, TamworthNSW, Australia
| | - Tim Sutton
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, University of Adelaide, AdelaideSA, Australia
- South Australian Research and Development Institute, UrrbraeSA, Australia
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61
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Zhang Z, Tateda C, Jiang SC, Shrestha J, Jelenska J, Speed DJ, Greenberg JT. A Suite of Receptor-Like Kinases and a Putative Mechano-Sensitive Channel Are Involved in Autoimmunity and Plasma Membrane-Based Defenses in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2017; 30:150-160. [PMID: 28051349 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-16-0184-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
In plants, cell surface pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) provide a first line of defense against pathogens. Although each PRR recognizes a specific ligand, they share common signaling outputs, such as callose and other cell wall-based defenses. Several PRRs are also important for callose induction in response to the defense signal salicylic acid (SA). The extent to which common components are needed for PRR signaling outputs is not known. The gain-of-function Arabidopsis mutant of ACCELERATED CELL DEATH6 (ACD6) acd6-1 shows constitutive callose production that partially depends on PRRs. ACD6-1 (and ACD6) forms complexes with the PRR FLAGELLIN SENSING2, and ACD6 is needed for responses to several PRR ligands. Thus, ACD6-1 could serve as a probe to identify additional proteins important for PRR-mediated signaling. Candidate signaling proteins (CSPs), identified in our proteomic screen after immunoprecipitation of hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged ACD6-1, include several subfamilies of receptor-like kinase (RLK) proteins and a MECHANO-SENSITIVE CHANNEL OF SMALL CONDUCTANCE-LIKE 4 (MSL4). In acd6-1, CSPs contribute to autoimmunity. In wild type, CSPs are needed for defense against bacteria and callose responses to two or more microbial-derived patterns and an SA agonist. CSPs may function to either i) promote the assembly of signaling complexes, ii) regulate the output of known PRRs, or both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqin Zhang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago
| | - Chika Tateda
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago
| | - Shang-Chuan Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago
| | - Jay Shrestha
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago
| | - Joanna Jelenska
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago
| | | | - Jean T Greenberg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago
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Lee DS, Kim YC, Kwon SJ, Ryu CM, Park OK. The Arabidopsis Cysteine-Rich Receptor-Like Kinase CRK36 Regulates Immunity through Interaction with the Cytoplasmic Kinase BIK1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:1856. [PMID: 29163585 PMCID: PMC5663720 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/11/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases are important signaling components that regulate a variety of cellular processes. In this study, an Arabidopsis cDNA microarray analysis led to the identification of the cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase CRK36 responsive to the necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Alternaria brassicicola. To determine the function of CRK36 in plant immunity, T-DNA-insertion knockdown (crk36) and overexpressing (CRK36OE) plants were prepared. CRK36OE plants exhibited increased hypersensitive cell death and ROS burst in response to avirulent pathogens. Treatment with a typical pathogen-associated molecular pattern, flg22, markedly induced pattern-triggered immune responses, notably stomatal defense, in CRK36OE plants. The immune responses were weakened in crk36 plants. Protein-protein interaction assays revealed the in vivo association of CRK36, FLS2, and BIK1. CRK36 enhanced flg22-triggered BIK1 phosphorylation, which showed defects with Cys mutations in the DUF26 motifs of CRK36. Disruption of BIK1 and RbohD/RbohF genes further impaired CRK36-mediated stomatal defense. We propose that CRK36, together with BIK1 and NADPH oxidases, may form a positive activation loop that enhances ROS burst and leads to the promotion of stomatal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Sook Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Cheon Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sun Jae Kwon
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong-Min Ryu
- Molecular Phytobacteriology Laboratory, KRIBB, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ohkmae K. Park
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ohkmae K. Park
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63
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Guo M, Li S, Tian S, Wang B, Zhao X. Transcriptome analysis of genes involved in defense against alkaline stress in roots of wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba). PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28976994 DOI: 10.1371/journalpone0185732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild jujube (Ziziphus acidojujuba Mill.) is highly tolerant to alkaline, saline and drought stress; however, no studies have performed transcriptome profiling to study the response of wild jujube to these and other abiotic stresses. In this study, we examined the tolerance of wild jujube to NaHCO3-NaOH solution and analyzed gene expression profiles in response to alkaline stress. Physiological experiments revealed that H2O2 content in leaves increased significantly and root activity decreased quickly during alkaline of pH 9.5 treatment. For transcriptome analysis, wild jujube plants grown hydroponically were treated with NaHCO3-NaOH solution for 0, 1, and 12 h and six transcriptomes from roots were built. In total, 32,758 genes were generated, and 3,604 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. After 1 h, 853 genes showed significantly different expression between control and treated plants; after 12 h, expression of 2,856 genes was significantly different. The expression pattern of nine genes was validated by quantitative real-time PCR. After gene annotation and gene ontology enrichment analysis, the genes encoding transcriptional factors, serine/threonine-protein kinases, heat shock proteins, cysteine-like kinases, calmodulin-like proteins, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavengers were found to be closely involved in alkaline stress response. These results will provide useful insights for elucidating the mechanisms underlying alkaline tolerance in wild jujube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxin Guo
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Shipeng Li
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Shan Tian
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Bei Wang
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xusheng Zhao
- College of Life Science, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang, Henan, China
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64
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Santa Brigida AB, Rojas CA, Grativol C, de Armas EM, Entenza JOP, Thiebaut F, Lima MDF, Farrinelli L, Hemerly AS, Lifschitz S, Ferreira PCG. Sugarcane transcriptome analysis in response to infection caused by Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166473. [PMID: 27936012 PMCID: PMC5147822 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugarcane is an important tropical crop mainly cultivated to produce ethanol and sugar. Crop productivity is negatively affected by Acidovorax avenae subsp avenae (Aaa), which causes the red stripe disease. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms triggered in response to the infection. We have investigated the molecular mechanism activated in sugarcane using a RNA-seq approach. We have produced a de novo transcriptome assembly (TR7) from sugarcane RNA-seq libraries submitted to drought and infection with Aaa. Together, these libraries present 247 million of raw reads and resulted in 168,767 reference transcripts. Mapping in TR7 of reads obtained from infected libraries, revealed 798 differentially expressed transcripts, of which 723 were annotated, corresponding to 467 genes. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that several metabolic pathways, such as code for proteins response to stress, metabolism of carbohydrates, processes of transcription and translation of proteins, amino acid metabolism and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites were significantly regulated in sugarcane. Differential analysis revealed that genes in the biosynthetic pathways of ET and JA PRRs, oxidative burst genes, NBS-LRR genes, cell wall fortification genes, SAR induced genes and pathogenesis-related genes (PR) were upregulated. In addition, 20 genes were validated by RT-qPCR. Together, these data contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms triggered by the Aaa in sugarcane and opens the opportunity for the development of molecular markers associated with disease tolerance in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailton B. Santa Brigida
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Cristian A. Rojas
- Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brasil
| | - Clícia Grativol
- Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Elvismary M. de Armas
- Departamento de Informática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Júlio O. P. Entenza
- Departamento de Informática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Flávia Thiebaut
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Marcelo de F. Lima
- Departamento de Química, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | | | - Adriana S. Hemerly
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Sérgio Lifschitz
- Departamento de Informática, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
| | - Paulo C. G. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Bioquímica Médica Leopoldo de Meis, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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65
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Noshi M, Mori D, Tanabe N, Maruta T, Shigeoka S. Arabidopsis clade IV TGA transcription factors, TGA10 and TGA9, are involved in ROS-mediated responses to bacterial PAMP flg22. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 252:12-21. [PMID: 27717447 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2016.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in chloroplasts have been proposed to act as signaling molecules for plant immunity through pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), such as flg22. To elucidate this process, we herein conducted genetic screening of flg22-sensitive mutants from T-DNA insertion lines lacking chloroplastic H2O2-responsive genes. The results obtained showed that knockout mutants lacking a clade IV TGA transcription factor, TGA10, were more sensitive to the flg22 treatment than wild-type plants. Furthermore, although no flg22-sensitive phenotype was detected in the knockout mutant of another clade IV TGA9, double knockout tga9 tga10 mutants showed more sensitivity to flg22 than single knockout mutants. Transcripts of TGA10 and TGA9 were strongly induced by flg22 in leaves, and this was facilitated by the double knockout of stromal and thylakoid-bound ascorbate peroxidases (APX), which are major H2O2 scavengers in chloroplasts. The flg22-induced H2O2 accumulation was maintained at high level in these APXs mutants, indicating the clade IV TGAs may be induced by the ROS. Furthermore, TGA10 was required for the complete activation of the expression of several flg22-responsive genes in plants treated with this PAMP. These have provided a new insight into the relationship between the TGA transcription factors and ROS-mediated signaling in PAMPs responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Noshi
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Noriaki Tanabe
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Shigeru Shigeoka
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, Kinki University, Nakamachi, Nara 631-8505, Japan.
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66
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Vogel C, Bodenhausen N, Gruissem W, Vorholt JA. The Arabidopsis leaf transcriptome reveals distinct but also overlapping responses to colonization by phyllosphere commensals and pathogen infection with impact on plant health. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2016; 212:192-207. [PMID: 27306148 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Plants are colonized by a variety of bacteria, most of which are not pathogenic. Currently, the plant responses to phyllosphere commensals or to pathogen infection in the presence of commensals are not well understood. Here, we examined the transcriptional response of Arabidopsis thaliana leaves to colonization by common commensal bacteria in a gnotobiotic system using RNA sequencing and conducted plant mutant assays. Arabidopsis responded differently to the model bacteria Sphingomonas melonis Fr1 (S.Fr1) and Methylobacterium extorquens PA1 (M.PA1). Whereas M.PA1 only marginally affected the expression of plant genes (< 10), S.Fr1 colonization changed the expression of almost 400 genes. For the latter, genes related to defense responses were activated and partly overlapped with those elicited by the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 (Pst). As S.Fr1 is able to mediate plant protective activity against Pst, we tested plant immunity mutants and found that the pattern-recognition co-receptor mutant bak1/bkk1 showed attenuated S.Fr1-dependent plant protection. The experiments demonstrate that the plant responds differently to members of its natural phyllosphere microbiota. A subset of commensals trigger expression of defense-related genes and thereby may contribute to plant health upon pathogen encounter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Vogel
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Natacha Bodenhausen
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Department of Biology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia A Vorholt
- Department of Biology, Institute of Microbiology, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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Haddadi P, Ma L, Wang H, Borhan MH. Genome-wide transcriptomic analyses provide insights into the lifestyle transition and effector repertoire of Leptosphaeria maculans during the colonization of Brassica napus seedlings. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2016; 17:1196-210. [PMID: 26679637 PMCID: PMC6638455 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Molecular interaction between the causal agent of blackleg disease, Leptosphaeria maculans (Lm), and its host, Brassica napus, is largely unknown. We applied a deep RNA-sequencing approach to gain insight into the pathogenicity mechanisms of Lm and the defence response of B. napus. RNA from the infected susceptible B. napus cultivar Topas DH16516, sampled at 2-day intervals (0-8 days), was sequenced and used for gene expression profiling. Patterns of gene expression regulation in B. napus showed multifaceted defence responses evident by the differential expression of genes encoding the pattern recognition receptor CERK1 (chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1), receptor like proteins and WRKY transcription factors. The up-regulation of genes related to salicylic acid and jasmonic acid at the initial and late stages of infection, respectively, provided evidence for the biotrophic and necrotrophic life stages of Lm during the infection of B. napus cotyledons. Lm transition from biotrophy to necrotropy was also supported by the expression function of Lm necrosis and ethylene-inducing (Nep-1)-like peptide. Genes encoding polyketide synthases and non-ribosomal peptide synthetases, with potential roles in pathogenicity, were up-regulated at 6-8 days after inoculation. Among other plant defence-related genes differentially regulated in response to Lm infection were genes involved in the reinforcement of the cell wall and the production of glucosinolates. Dual RNA-sequencing allowed us to define the Lm candidate effectors expressed during the infection of B. napus. Several candidate effectors suppressed Bax-induced cell death when transiently expressed in Nicotiana benthamaina leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parham Haddadi
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2
| | - Lisong Ma
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2
- Center of Plant Disease and Plant Pests of Hebei Province, College of Plant Protection, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, China, 071001
| | - M Hossein Borhan
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 0X2.
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Lu K, Liang S, Wu Z, Bi C, Yu YT, Wang XF, Zhang DP. Overexpression of an Arabidopsis cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, CRK5, enhances abscisic acid sensitivity and confers drought tolerance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2016; 67:5009-27. [PMID: 27406784 PMCID: PMC5014153 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) have been reported to regulate many developmental and defense process, but only a few members have been functionally characterized. In the present study, our observations suggest that one of the RLKs, a membrane-localized cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase, CRK5, is involved in abscisic acid (ABA) signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana Overexpression of CRK5 increases ABA sensitivity in ABA-induced early seedling growth arrest and promotion of stomatal closure and inhibition of stomatal opening. Interestingly, and importantly, overexpression of CRK5 enhances plant drought tolerance without affecting plant growth at the mature stages and plant productivity. Transgenic lines overexpressing a mutated form of CRK5, CRK5 (K372E) with the change of the 372nd conserved amino acid residue from lysine to glutamic acid in its kinase domain, result in wild-type ABA and drought responses, supporting the role of CRK5 in ABA signaling. The loss-of-function mutation of the CRK5 gene does not affect the ABA response, while overexpression of two homologs of CRK5, CRK4 and CRK19, confers ABA responses, suggesting that these CRK members function redundantly. We further showed that WRKY18, WRKY40 and WRKY60 transcription factors repress the expression of CRK5, and that CRK5 likely functions upstream of ABI2 in ABA signaling. These findings help in understanding the complex ABA signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Shan Liang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chao Bi
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yong-Tao Yu
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Wang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Da-Peng Zhang
- Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Larkan NJ, Raman H, Lydiate DJ, Robinson SJ, Yu F, Barbulescu DM, Raman R, Luckett DJ, Burton W, Wratten N, Salisbury PA, Rimmer SR, Borhan MH. Multi-environment QTL studies suggest a role for cysteine-rich protein kinase genes in quantitative resistance to blackleg disease in Brassica napus. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2016; 16:183. [PMID: 27553246 PMCID: PMC4995785 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-016-0877-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resistance to the blackleg disease of Brassica napus (canola/oilseed rape), caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans, is determined by both race-specific resistance (R) genes and quantitative resistance loci (QTL), or adult-plant resistance (APR). While the introgression of R genes into breeding material is relatively simple, QTL are often detected sporadically, making them harder to capture in breeding programs. For the effective deployment of APR in crop varieties, resistance QTL need to have a reliable influence on phenotype in multiple environments and be well defined genetically to enable marker-assisted selection (MAS). RESULTS Doubled-haploid populations produced from the susceptible B. napus variety Topas and APR varieties AG-Castle and AV-Sapphire were analysed for resistance to blackleg in two locations over 3 and 4 years, respectively. Three stable QTL were detected in each population, with two loci appearing to be common to both APR varieties. Physical delineation of three QTL regions was sufficient to identify candidate defense-related genes, including a cluster of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases contained within a 49 gene QTL interval on chromosome A01. Individual L. maculans isolates were used to define the physical intervals for the race-specific R genes Rlm3 and Rlm4 and to identify QTL common to both field studies and the cotyledon resistance response. CONCLUSION Through multi-environment QTL analysis we have identified and delineated four significant and stable QTL suitable for MAS of quantitative blackleg resistance in B. napus, and identified candidate genes which potentially play a role in quantitative defense responses to L. maculans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Larkan
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
- Armatus Genetics Inc, Saskatoon, SK S7W 0C9 Canada
| | - Harsh Raman
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650 Australia
| | - Derek J. Lydiate
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
| | - Stephen J. Robinson
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
| | - Fengqun Yu
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
| | - Denise M. Barbulescu
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC 3400 Australia
| | - Rosy Raman
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650 Australia
| | - David J. Luckett
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650 Australia
| | - Wayne Burton
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Horsham, VIC 3400 Australia
- Seednet Australia, Golf Course Road, Horsham, VIC 3402 Australia
| | - Neil Wratten
- Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (an alliance between Charles Sturt University and NSW Department of Primary Industries), Wagga Wagga Agricultural Institute, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650 Australia
| | - Philip A. Salisbury
- Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Centre for AgriBioscience, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3083 Australia
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - S. Roger Rimmer
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
| | - M. Hossein Borhan
- Saskatoon Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 0X2 Canada
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Giampetruzzi A, Morelli M, Saponari M, Loconsole G, Chiumenti M, Boscia D, Savino VN, Martelli GP, Saldarelli P. Transcriptome profiling of two olive cultivars in response to infection by the CoDiRO strain of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:475. [PMID: 27350531 PMCID: PMC4924284 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2833-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The recent Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp) outbreak in olive (Olea europaea) groves in southern Italy is causing a destructive disease denoted Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS). Field observations disclosed that Xfp-infected plants of cv. Leccino show much milder symptoms, than the more widely grown and highly susceptible cv. Ogliarola salentina. To determine whether these field observations underlie a tolerant condition of cv. Leccino, which could be exploited for lessening the economic impact of the disease on the local olive industry, transcriptional changes occurring in plants of the two cultivars affected by Xfp were investigated. RESULTS A global quantitative transcriptome profiling comparing susceptible (Ogliarola salentina) and tolerant (Leccino) olive cultivars, infected or not by Xfp, was done on messenger RNA (mRNAs) extracted from xylem tissues. The study revealed that 659 and 447 genes were differentially regulated in cvs Leccino and Ogliarola upon Xfp infection, respectively, whereas 512 genes were altered when the transcriptome of both infected cultivars was compared. Analysis of these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) shows that the presence of Xfp is perceived by the plants of both cultivars, in which it triggers a differential response strongly involving the cell wall. Up-regulation of genes encoding receptor-like kinases (RLK) and receptor-like proteins (RLP) is the predominant response of cv. Leccino, which is missing in cv. Ogliarola salentina. Moreover, both cultivars react with a strong re-modelling of cell wall proteins. These data suggest that Xfp elicits a different transcriptome response in the two cultivars, which determines a lower pathogen concentration in cv. Leccino and indicates that this cultivar may harbor genetic constituents and/or regulatory elements which counteract Xfp infection. CONCLUSIONS Collectively these findings suggest that cv. Leccino is endowed with an intrinsic tolerance to Xfp, which makes it eligible for further studies aiming at investigating molecular basis and pathways modulating its different defense response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Giampetruzzi
- />Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Morelli
- />Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, SS Bari, via Amendola 122/D, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Saponari
- />Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, SS Bari, via Amendola 122/D, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Loconsole
- />Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Michela Chiumenti
- />Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, SS Bari, via Amendola 122/D, Bari, Italy
| | - Donato Boscia
- />Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, SS Bari, via Amendola 122/D, Bari, Italy
| | - Vito N. Savino
- />Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni P. Martelli
- />Dipartimento di Scienze del Suolo della Pianta e degli Alimenti, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, via Amendola 165/A, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Saldarelli
- />Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, SS Bari, via Amendola 122/D, Bari, Italy
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71
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Huang Y, Li L, Smith KP, Muehlbauer GJ. Differential transcriptomic responses to Fusarium graminearum infection in two barley quantitative trait loci associated with Fusarium head blight resistance. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:387. [PMID: 27206761 PMCID: PMC4875680 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-2716-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fusarium graminearum causes Fusarium head blight (FHB), a major disease problem worldwide. Resistance to FHB is controlled by quantitative trait loci (QTL) of which two are located on barley chromosomes 2H bin8 and 6H bin7. The mechanisms of resistance mediated by FHB QTL are poorly defined. RESULTS Near-isogenic lines (NILs) carrying Chevron-derived resistant alleles for the two QTL were developed and exhibited FHB resistance in field trials. To understand the molecular responses associated with resistance, transcriptomes of the NILs and recurrent parents (M69 and Lacey) were investigated with RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) after F. graminearum or mock inoculation. A total of 2083 FHB-responsive transcripts were detected and provide a gene expression atlas for the barley-F. graminearum interaction. Comparative analysis of the 2Hb8 resistant (R) NIL and M69 revealed that the 2Hb8 R NIL exhibited an elevated defense response in the absence of fungal infection and responded quicker than M69 upon fungal infection. The 6Hb7 R NIL displayed a more rapid induction of a set of defense genes than Lacey during the early stage of fungal infection. Overlap of differentially accumulated genes were identified between the two R NILs, suggesting that certain responses may represent basal resistance to F. graminearum and/or general biotic stress response and were expressed by both resistant genotypes. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have emerged as potential key regulators of transcription. A total of 12,366 lncRNAs were identified, of which 604 were FHB responsive. CONCLUSIONS The current transcriptomic analysis revealed differential responses conferred by two QTL during F. graminearum infection and identified genes and lncRNAs that were associated with FHB resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Huang
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Kevin P Smith
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Gary J Muehlbauer
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
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Chern M, Xu Q, Bart RS, Bai W, Ruan D, Sze-To WH, Canlas PE, Jain R, Chen X, Ronald PC. A Genetic Screen Identifies a Requirement for Cysteine-Rich-Receptor-Like Kinases in Rice NH1 (OsNPR1)-Mediated Immunity. PLoS Genet 2016; 12:e1006049. [PMID: 27176732 PMCID: PMC4866720 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance, mediated by the Arabidopsis NPR1 gene and the rice NH1 gene, confers broad-spectrum immunity to diverse pathogens. NPR1 and NH1 interact with TGA transcription factors to activate downstream defense genes. Despite the importance of this defense response, the signaling components downstream of NPR1/NH1 and TGA proteins are poorly defined. Here we report the identification of a rice mutant, snim1, which suppresses NH1-mediated immunity and demonstrate that two genes encoding previously uncharacterized cysteine-rich-receptor-like kinases (CRK6 and CRK10), complement the snim1 mutant phenotype. Silencing of CRK6 and CRK10 genes individually in the parental genetic background recreates the snim1 phenotype. We identified a rice mutant in the Kitaake genetic background with a frameshift mutation in crk10; this mutant also displays a compromised immune response highlighting the important role of crk10. We also show that elevated levels of NH1 expression lead to enhanced CRK10 expression and that the rice TGA2.1 protein binds to the CRK10 promoter. These experiments demonstrate a requirement for CRKs in NH1-mediated immunity and establish a molecular link between NH1 and induction of CRK10 expression. To survive, plants and animals must resist microbial infection. Plants employ an immune response called systemic acquired resistance that confers long-lasting resistance to a broad-spectrum of pathogens. Researchers have previously identified two key proteins (NPR1/NH1 and TGA) that control this immune response. Despite these advances, there remain many gaps in our knowledge and understanding of this important immune response. We have identified a new gene (CRK10) required for this immune response; without it, plants are more susceptible to infection. These findings advance basic knowledge of systemic acquired resistance and open the door to a new avenue of research on this exciting and important resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mawsheng Chern
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Qiufang Xu
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
- Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Rebecca S. Bart
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Wei Bai
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Huhhot, China
| | - Deling Ruan
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Wing Hoi Sze-To
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Patrick E. Canlas
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Rashmi Jain
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
| | - Xuewei Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
- Rice Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University at Chengdu, Wenjiang, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Pamela C. Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
- Joint Bioenergy Institute, Emeryville, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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73
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de Oliveira MVV, Xu G, Li B, de Souza Vespoli L, Meng X, Chen X, Yu X, de Souza SA, Intorne AC, de A. Manhães AME, Musinsky AL, Koiwa H, de Souza Filho GA, Shan L, He P. Specific control of Arabidopsis BAK1/SERK4-regulated cell death by protein glycosylation. NATURE PLANTS 2016; 2:15218. [PMID: 27250875 PMCID: PMC5572757 DOI: 10.1038/nplants.2015.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Precise control of cell death is essential for the survival of all organisms. Arabidopsis thaliana BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-associated receptor kinase 1 (BAK1) and somatic embryogenesis receptor kinase 4 (SERK4) redundantly and negatively regulate cell death through elusive mechanisms. By deploying a genetic screen for suppressors of cell death triggered by virus-induced gene silencing of BAK1/SERK4 on Arabidopsis knockout collections, we identified STT3a, a protein involved in N-glycosylation modification, as an important regulator of bak1/serk4 cell death. Systematic investigation of glycosylation pathway and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) quality control (ERQC) components revealed distinct and overlapping mechanisms of cell death regulated by BAK1/SERK4 and their interacting protein BIR1. Genome-wide transcriptional analysis revealed the activation of members of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase (CRK) genes in the bak1/serk4 mutant. Ectopic expression of CRK4 induced STT3a/N-glycosylation-dependent cell death in Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. Therefore, N-glycosylation and specific ERQC components are essential to activate bak1/serk4 cell death, and CRK4 is likely to be among client proteins of protein glycosylation involved in BAK1/SERK4-regulated cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos V. V. de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Guangyuan Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Luciano de Souza Vespoli
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Center of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Darcy Ribeiro State University of North Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602 Brazil
| | - Xiangzong Meng
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Xiao Yu
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Suzane Ariádina de Souza
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Center of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Darcy Ribeiro State University of North Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602 Brazil
| | - Aline C. Intorne
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Center of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Darcy Ribeiro State University of North Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602 Brazil
| | - Ana Marcia E. de A. Manhães
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Center of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Darcy Ribeiro State University of North Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602 Brazil
| | - Abbey L. Musinsky
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Medical Microbiology and Immunology Major, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Hisashi Koiwa
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
| | - Gonçalo A. de Souza Filho
- Center of Biosciences & Biotechnology, Darcy Ribeiro State University of North Rio de Janeiro, 28013-602 Brazil
| | - Libo Shan
- Department of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to L.S. ; and P.H.
| | - Ping He
- Department of Biochemistry & Biophysics, Institute for Plant Genomics & Biotechnology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Plant Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
- Correspondence and requests for materials should be addressed to L.S. ; and P.H.
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Bernsdorff F, Döring AC, Gruner K, Schuck S, Bräutigam A, Zeier J. Pipecolic Acid Orchestrates Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance and Defense Priming via Salicylic Acid-Dependent and -Independent Pathways. THE PLANT CELL 2016; 28:102-29. [PMID: 26672068 PMCID: PMC4746677 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.15.00496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the relationships of the two immune-regulatory plant metabolites, salicylic acid (SA) and pipecolic acid (Pip), in the establishment of plant systemic acquired resistance (SAR), SAR-associated defense priming, and basal immunity. Using SA-deficient sid2, Pip-deficient ald1, and sid2 ald1 plants deficient in both SA and Pip, we show that SA and Pip act both independently from each other and synergistically in Arabidopsis thaliana basal immunity to Pseudomonas syringae. Transcriptome analyses reveal that SAR establishment in Arabidopsis is characterized by a strong transcriptional response systemically induced in the foliage that prepares plants for future pathogen attack by preactivating multiple stages of defense signaling and that SA accumulation upon SAR activation leads to the downregulation of photosynthesis and attenuated jasmonate responses systemically within the plant. Whereas systemic Pip elevations are indispensable for SAR and necessary for virtually the whole transcriptional SAR response, a moderate but significant SA-independent component of SAR activation and SAR gene expression is revealed. During SAR, Pip orchestrates SA-dependent and SA-independent priming of pathogen responses in a FLAVIN-DEPENDENT-MONOOXYGENASE1 (FMO1)-dependent manner. We conclude that a Pip/FMO1 signaling module acts as an indispensable switch for the activation of SAR and associated defense priming events and that SA amplifies Pip-triggered responses to different degrees in the distal tissue of SAR-activated plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Bernsdorff
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne-Christin Döring
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Katrin Gruner
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Schuck
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andrea Bräutigam
- Institute for Plant Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jürgen Zeier
- Institute for Molecular Ecophysiology of Plants, Department of Biology, Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences (CEPLAS), Heinrich Heine University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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75
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Bourdais G, Burdiak P, Gauthier A, Nitsch L, Salojärvi J, Rayapuram C, Idänheimo N, Hunter K, Kimura S, Merilo E, Vaattovaara A, Oracz K, Kaufholdt D, Pallon A, Anggoro DT, Glów D, Lowe J, Zhou J, Mohammadi O, Puukko T, Albert A, Lang H, Ernst D, Kollist H, Brosché M, Durner J, Borst JW, Collinge DB, Karpiński S, Lyngkjær MF, Robatzek S, Wrzaczek M, Kangasjärvi J. Large-Scale Phenomics Identifies Primary and Fine-Tuning Roles for CRKs in Responses Related to Oxidative Stress. PLoS Genet 2015; 11:e1005373. [PMID: 26197346 PMCID: PMC4511522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1005373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) are transmembrane proteins characterized by the presence of two domains of unknown function 26 (DUF26) in their ectodomain. The CRKs form one of the largest groups of receptor-like protein kinases in plants, but their biological functions have so far remained largely uncharacterized. We conducted a large-scale phenotyping approach of a nearly complete crk T-DNA insertion line collection showing that CRKs control important aspects of plant development and stress adaptation in response to biotic and abiotic stimuli in a non-redundant fashion. In particular, the analysis of reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related stress responses, such as regulation of the stomatal aperture, suggests that CRKs participate in ROS/redox signalling and sensing. CRKs play general and fine-tuning roles in the regulation of stomatal closure induced by microbial and abiotic cues. Despite their great number and high similarity, large-scale phenotyping identified specific functions in diverse processes for many CRKs and indicated that CRK2 and CRK5 play predominant roles in growth regulation and stress adaptation, respectively. As a whole, the CRKs contribute to specificity in ROS signalling. Individual CRKs control distinct responses in an antagonistic fashion suggesting future potential for using CRKs in genetic approaches to improve plant performance and stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gildas Bourdais
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Paweł Burdiak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lisette Nitsch
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microspectroscopy Center, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Channabasavangowda Rayapuram
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Niina Idänheimo
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kerri Hunter
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sachie Kimura
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ebe Merilo
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Aleksia Vaattovaara
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Krystyna Oracz
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Plant Physiology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - David Kaufholdt
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andres Pallon
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Damar Tri Anggoro
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Dawid Glów
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jennifer Lowe
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Ji Zhou
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Omid Mohammadi
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomas Puukko
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Albert
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hans Lang
- Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dieter Ernst
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Jörg Durner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Willem Borst
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Microspectroscopy Center, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David B. Collinge
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michael F. Lyngkjær
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences and Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Silke Robatzek
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Department of Biosciences, Plant Biology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Distinguished Scientist Fellowship Program, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Burdiak P, Rusaczonek A, Witoń D, Głów D, Karpiński S. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase CRK5 as a regulator of growth, development, and ultraviolet radiation responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2015; 66:3325-37. [PMID: 25969551 PMCID: PMC4449547 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, receptor-like protein kinases play essential roles in signal transduction by recognizing extracellular stimuli and activating the downstream signalling pathways. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) constitute a large subfamily of receptor-like protein kinases, with 44 members in Arabidopsis thaliana. They are distinguished by the novel C-X8-C-X2-C motif (DUF26) in the extracellular domains. One of them, CRK5, is an important component of the biochemical machinery involved in the regulation of essential physiological processes. Functional characterization of crk5 mutant plants showed their clear phenotype, manifested by impaired stomatal conductance and accelerated senescence. This phenotype correlated with accumulation of reactive oxygen species, higher foliar levels of ethylene and salicylic acid, and increased transcript abundance for genes associated with signalling pathways corresponding to these hormones. Moreover, the crk5 plants displayed enhanced cell death and oxidative damage in response to ultraviolet radiation. Complementation of CRK5 mutation managed to recover the wild-type phenotype, indicating an essential role of this gene in the regulation of growth, development, and acclimatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Burdiak
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Rusaczonek
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Damian Witoń
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dawid Głów
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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Vainonen JP, Kangasjärvi J. Plant signalling in acute ozone exposure. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2015; 38:240-52. [PMID: 24417414 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Exposure of plants to high ozone concentrations causes lesion formation in sensitive plants. Plant responses to ozone involve fast and massive changes in protein activities, gene expression and metabolism even before any tissue damage can be detected. Degradation of ozone and subsequent accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the extracellular space activates several signalling cascades, which are integrated inside the cell into a fine-balanced network of ROS signalling. Reversible protein phosphorylation and degradation plays an important role in the regulation of signalling mechanisms in a complex crosstalk with plant hormones and calcium, an essential second messenger. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanisms of ozone uptake, perception and signalling pathways activated during the early steps of ozone response, and discuss the use of ozone as a tool to study the function of apoplastic ROS in signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia P Vainonen
- Plant Biology Division, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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78
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Yeh YH, Chang YH, Huang PY, Huang JB, Zimmerli L. Enhanced Arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity by overexpression of cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:322. [PMID: 26029224 PMCID: PMC4429228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Upon recognition of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) such as the bacterial flagellin (or the derived peptide flg22) by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) such as the FLAGELLIN SENSING2 (FLS2), plants activate the pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) response. The L-type lectin receptor kinase-VI.2 (LecRK-VI.2) is a positive regulator of Arabidopsis thaliana PTI. Cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases (CRKs) possess two copies of the C-X8-C-X2-C (DUF26) motif in their extracellular domains and are thought to be involved in plant stress resistance, but data about CRK functions are scarce. Here, we show that Arabidopsis overexpressing the LecRK-VI.2-responsive CRK4, CRK6, and CRK36 demonstrated an enhanced PTI response and were resistant to virulent bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000. Notably, the flg22-triggered oxidative burst was primed in CRK4, CRK6, and CRK36 transgenics and up-regulation of the PTI-responsive gene FLG22-INDUCED RECEPTOR-LIKE 1 (FRK1) was potentiated upon flg22 treatment in CRK4 and CRK6 overexpression lines or constitutively increased by CRK36 overexpression. PTI-mediated callose deposition was not affected by overexpression of CRK4 and CRK6, while CRK36 overexpression lines demonstrated constitutive accumulation of callose. In addition, Pst DC3000-mediated stomatal reopening was blocked in CRK4 and CRK36 overexpression lines, while overexpression of CRK6 induced constitutive stomatal closure suggesting a strengthening of stomatal immunity. Finally, bimolecular fluorescence complementation and co-immunoprecipitation analyses in Arabidopsis protoplasts suggested that the plasma membrane localized CRK4, CRK6, and CRK36 associate with the PRR FLS2. Association with FLS2 and the observation that overexpression of CRK4, CRK6, and CRK36 boosts specific PTI outputs and resistance to bacteria suggest a role for these CRKs in Arabidopsis innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Laurent Zimmerli
- *Correspondence: Laurent Zimmerli, Institute of Plant Biology, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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Trdá L, Boutrot F, Claverie J, Brulé D, Dorey S, Poinssot B. Perception of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria and their evasion of host immunity: pattern recognition receptors in the frontline. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2015; 6:219. [PMID: 25904927 PMCID: PMC4389352 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants are continuously monitoring the presence of microorganisms to establish an adapted response. Plants commonly use pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to perceive microbe- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs/PAMPs) which are microorganism molecular signatures. Located at the plant plasma membrane, the PRRs are generally receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). MAMP detection will lead to the establishment of a plant defense program called MAMP-triggered immunity (MTI). In this review, we overview the RLKs and RLPs that assure early recognition and control of pathogenic or beneficial bacteria. We also highlight the crucial function of PRRs during plant-microbe interactions, with a special emphasis on the receptors of the bacterial flagellin and peptidoglycan. In addition, we discuss the multiple strategies used by bacteria to evade PRR-mediated recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Trdá
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
- Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology, Institute of Experimental Botany, Academy of Sciences of Czech RepublicPrague, Czech Republic
| | - Freddy Boutrot
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research ParkNorwich, UK
| | - Justine Claverie
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Daphnée Brulé
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
| | - Stephan Dorey
- Laboratoire Stress, Défenses et Reproduction des Plantes, URVVC EA 4707, Université de Reims Champagne-ArdenneReims, France
| | - Benoit Poinssot
- Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie, Pôle Interactions Plantes Micro-organismes - ERL CNRS 6300Dijon, France
- *Correspondence: Benoit Poinssot, Université de Bourgogne, UMR 1347 Agroécologie INRA – uB – Agrosup, 17 rue Sully, 21000 Dijon, France
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Wang Y, Kwon SJ, Wu J, Choi J, Lee YH, Agrawal GK, Tamogami S, Rakwal R, Park SR, Kim BG, Jung KH, Kang KY, Kim SG, Kim ST. Transcriptome Analysis of Early Responsive Genes in Rice during Magnaporthe oryzae Infection. THE PLANT PATHOLOGY JOURNAL 2014; 30:343-54. [PMID: 25506299 PMCID: PMC4262287 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.06.2014.0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in most rice-growing regions of the world. In order to investigate early response genes in rice, we utilized the transcriptome analysis approach using a 300 K tilling microarray to rice leaves infected with compatible and incompatible M. oryzae strains. Prior to the microarray experiment, total RNA was validated by measuring the differential expression of rice defense-related marker genes (chitinase 2, barwin, PBZ1, and PR-10) by RT-PCR, and phytoalexins (sakuranetin and momilactone A) with HPLC. Microarray analysis revealed that 231 genes were up-regulated (>2 fold change, p < 0.05) in the incompatible interaction compared to the compatible one. Highly expressed genes were functionally characterized into metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction categories. The oxidative stress response was induced in both early and later infection stages. Biotic stress overview from MapMan analysis revealed that the phytohormone ethylene as well as signaling molecules jasmonic acid and salicylic acid is important for defense gene regulation. WRKY and Myb transcription factors were also involved in signal transduction processes. Additionally, receptor-like kinases were more likely associated with the defense response, and their expression patterns were validated by RT-PCR. Our results suggest that candidate genes, including receptor-like protein kinases, may play a key role in disease resistance against M. oryzae attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Wang
- Department of Plant Microbe Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Soon Jae Kwon
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingni Wu
- Department of Plant Microbe Interaction, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829 Köln, Germany
| | - Jaeyoung Choi
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Center for Fungal Genetic Resources and Center for Fungal Pathogenesis, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-921, Republic of Korea
| | - Ganesh Kumar Agrawal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Main Road, Birgunj, Nepal
| | - Shigeru Tamogami
- Laboratory of Biologically Active Compounds, Department of Biological Production, Akita Prefectural University, Akita 010-0195, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Research Laboratory for Biotechnology and Biochemistry (RLABB), GPO Box 13265, Kathmandu, Nepal
- GRADE Academy Pvt. Ltd., Adarsh Nagar-13, Main Road, Birgunj, Nepal
- Organization for Educational Initiatives, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Sang-Ryeol Park
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Gi Kim
- Molecular Breeding Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Hong Jung
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 446-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Young Kang
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center/Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Gon Kim
- Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology Research Center/Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Program), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Tae Kim
- Department of Plant Bioscience, Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 627-706, Republic of Korea
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81
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Miyakawa T, Hatano KI, Miyauchi Y, Suwa YI, Sawano Y, Tanokura M. A secreted protein with plant-specific cysteine-rich motif functions as a mannose-binding lectin that exhibits antifungal activity. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2014; 166:766-78. [PMID: 25139159 PMCID: PMC4213107 DOI: 10.1104/pp.114.242636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plants have a variety of mechanisms for defending against plant pathogens and tolerating environmental stresses such as drought and high salinity. Ginkbilobin2 (Gnk2) is a seed storage protein in gymnosperm that possesses antifungal activity and a plant-specific cysteine-rich motif (domain of unknown function26 [DUF26]). The Gnk2-homologous sequence is also observed in an extracellular region of cysteine-rich repeat receptor-like kinases that function in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we report the lectin-like molecular function of Gnk2 and the structural basis of its monosaccharide recognition. Nuclear magnetic resonance experiments showed that mannan was the only yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell wall polysaccharide that interacted with Gnk2. Gnk2 also interacted with mannose, a building block of mannan, with a specificity that was similar to those of mannose-binding legume lectins, by strictly recognizing the configuration of the hydroxy group at the C4 position of the monosaccharide. The crystal structure of Gnk2 in complex with mannose revealed that three residues (asparagine-11, arginine-93, and glutamate-104) recognized mannose by hydrogen bonds, which defined the carbohydrate-binding specificity. These interactions were directly related to the ability of Gnk2 to inhibit the growth of fungi, including the plant pathogenic Fusarium spp., which were disrupted by mutation of arginine-93 or the presence of yeast mannan in the assay system. In addition, Gnk2 did not inhibit the growth of a yeast mutant strain lacking the α1,2-linked mannose moiety. These results provide insights into the molecular basis of the DUF26 protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (T.M., Y.M., Y.Su., M.T.);Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan (K.H.); andLaboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-0827, Japan (Y.Sa.)
| | - Ken-ichi Hatano
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (T.M., Y.M., Y.Su., M.T.);Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan (K.H.); andLaboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-0827, Japan (Y.Sa.)
| | - Yumiko Miyauchi
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (T.M., Y.M., Y.Su., M.T.);Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan (K.H.); andLaboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-0827, Japan (Y.Sa.)
| | - You-ichi Suwa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (T.M., Y.M., Y.Su., M.T.);Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan (K.H.); andLaboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-0827, Japan (Y.Sa.)
| | - Yoriko Sawano
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (T.M., Y.M., Y.Su., M.T.);Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan (K.H.); andLaboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-0827, Japan (Y.Sa.)
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan (T.M., Y.M., Y.Su., M.T.);Division of Molecular Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma 376-8515, Japan (K.H.); andLaboratory of Chemistry, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa-shi, Chiba 272-0827, Japan (Y.Sa.)
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82
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Berrabah F, Bourcy M, Eschstruth A, Cayrel A, Guefrachi I, Mergaert P, Wen J, Jean V, Mysore KS, Gourion B, Ratet P. A nonRD receptor-like kinase prevents nodule early senescence and defense-like reactions during symbiosis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2014; 203:1305-1314. [PMID: 24916161 DOI: 10.1111/nph.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobia and legumes establish symbiotic interactions leading to the production of root nodules, in which bacteria fix atmospheric nitrogen for the plant's benefit. This symbiosis is efficient because of the high rhizobia population within nodules. Here, we investigated how legumes accommodate such bacterial colonization. We used a reverse genetic approach to identify a Medicago truncatula gene, SymCRK, which encodes a cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase that is required for rhizobia maintenance within the plant cells, and performed detailed phenotypic analyses of the corresponding mutant. The Medicago truncatula symCRK mutant developed nonfunctional and necrotic nodules. A nonarginine asparate (nonRD) motif, typical of receptors involved in innate immunity, is present in the SymCRK kinase domain. Similar to the dnf2 mutant, bacteroid differentiation defect, defense-like reactions and early senescence were observed in the symCRK nodules. However, the dnf2 and symCRK nodules differ by their degree of colonization, which is higher in symCRK. Furthermore, in contrast to dnf2, symCRK is not a conditional mutant. These results suggest that in M. truncatula at least two genes are involved in the symbiotic control of immunity. Furthermore, phenotype differences between the two mutants suggest that two distinct molecular mechanisms control suppression of plant immunity during nodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Berrabah
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Marie Bourcy
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Alexis Eschstruth
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Anne Cayrel
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Ibtissem Guefrachi
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Peter Mergaert
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Viviane Jean
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Kirankumar S Mysore
- Plant Biology Division, The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, 2510 Sam Noble Parkway, Ardmore, OK, 73401, USA
| | - Benjamin Gourion
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Institut des sciences du végétal, CNRS, Saclay Plant Sciences, Avenue de la terrasse, 91198, Gif Sur Yvette, France
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83
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Idänheimo N, Gauthier A, Salojärvi J, Siligato R, Brosché M, Kollist H, Mähönen AP, Kangasjärvi J, Wrzaczek M. The Arabidopsis thaliana cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases CRK6 and CRK7 protect against apoplastic oxidative stress. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 445:457-62. [PMID: 24530916 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Receptor-like kinases are important regulators of many different processes in plants. Despite their large number only a few have been functionally characterized. One of the largest subgroups of receptor-like kinases in Arabidopsis is the cysteine-rich receptor like kinases (CRKs). High sequence similarity among the CRKs has been suggested as major cause for functional redundancy. The genomic localization of CRK genes in back-to-back repeats has made their characterization through mutant analysis unpractical. Expression profiling has linked the CRKs with reactive oxygen species, important signaling molecules in plants. Here we have investigated the role of two CRKs, CRK6 and CRK7, and analyzed their role in extracellular ROS signaling. CRK6 and CRK7 are active protein kinases with differential preference for divalent cations. Our results suggest that CRK7 is involved in mediating the responses to extracellular but not chloroplastic ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niina Idänheimo
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Adrien Gauthier
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Riccardo Siligato
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
| | - Hannes Kollist
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia.
| | - Ari Pekka Mähönen
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Michael Wrzaczek
- Division of Plant Biology, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.
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84
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Zhang X, Han X, Shi R, Yang G, Qi L, Wang R, Li G. Arabidopsis cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase 45 positively regulates disease resistance to Pseudomonas syringae. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2013; 73:383-91. [PMID: 24215930 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Arabidopsis cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase 45 (CRK45) was found to be involved in ABA signaling in Arabidopsis thaliana previously. Here, we reported that it also positively regulates disease resistance. The CRK45 overexpression plants increased expression of the defense genes, and enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae whereas the crk45 mutant were more sensitive to P. syringae and weakened expression of the defense genes, compared to the wild type. We also found that treatment with P. syringae leads to a declined expression of CRK45 in the npr1 mutant and the NahG transgenic plants. At the same time, significantly decreased expression of CRK45 transcript in the wrky70 mutant than that in the wild type was also detected. Our results suggested that CRK45 acted as a positive regulator in Arabidopsis disease resistance, and was regulated downstream of NPR1 and WRKY70 at the transcriptional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010018, PR China; Inner Mongolia Institute of Biotechnology, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010070, PR China.
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85
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Yang K, Rong W, Qi L, Li J, Wei X, Zhang Z. Isolation and characterization of a novel wheat cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase gene induced by Rhizoctonia cerealis. Sci Rep 2013; 3:3021. [PMID: 24149340 PMCID: PMC3805973 DOI: 10.1038/srep03021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cysteine-rich receptor kinases (CRKs) belong to the receptor-like kinase family. Little is known about CRK genes in wheat. We isolated a wheat CRK gene TaCRK1 from Rhizoctonia cerealis-resistant wheat CI12633 based on a differentially expressed sequence identified by RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis. TaCRK1 was more highly expressed in CI12633 than in susceptible Wenmai 6. Transcription of TaCRK1 in wheat was induced in CI12633 after R. cerealis infection and exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The deduced TaCRK1 protein contained a signal peptide, two DUF26 domains, a transmembrane domain, and a serine/threonine protein kinase domain. Transient expression of a green fluorescence protein fused with TaCRK1 in wheat and onion indicated that TaCRK1 may localize to plasma membranes. Characterization of TaCRK1 silencing induced by virus-mediated method in CI12633 showed that the downregulation of TaCRK1 transcript did not obviously impair resistance to R. cerealis. This study paves the way to further CRK research in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Triticeae Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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86
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Douché T, Clemente HS, Burlat V, Roujol D, Valot B, Zivy M, Pont-Lezica R, Jamet E. Brachypodium distachyon
as a model plant toward improved biofuel crops: Search for secreted proteins involved in biogenesis and disassembly of cell wall polymers. Proteomics 2013; 13:2438-54. [DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 04/19/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaut Douché
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Hélène San Clemente
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Vincent Burlat
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - David Roujol
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Benoît Valot
- CNRS, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; Gif sur Yvette France
- INRA, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Michel Zivy
- CNRS, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; Gif sur Yvette France
- INRA, PAPPSO, UMR 0320/UMR 8120 Génétique Végétale; Gif sur Yvette France
| | - Rafael Pont-Lezica
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
| | - Elisabeth Jamet
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse; UPS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
- CNRS, UMR 5546; Castanet-Tolosan France
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87
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Munné-Bosch S, Queval G, Foyer CH. The impact of global change factors on redox signaling underpinning stress tolerance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:5-19. [PMID: 23151347 PMCID: PMC3532280 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.205690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
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88
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Xu XH, Chen H, Sang YL, Wang F, Ma JP, Gao XQ, Zhang XS. Identification of genes specifically or preferentially expressed in maize silk reveals similarity and diversity in transcript abundance of different dry stigmas. BMC Genomics 2012; 13:294. [PMID: 22748054 PMCID: PMC3416702 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-13-294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In plants, pollination is a critical step in reproduction. During pollination, constant communication between male pollen and the female stigma is required for pollen adhesion, germination, and tube growth. The detailed mechanisms of stigma-mediated reproductive processes, however, remain largely unknown. Maize (Zea mays L.), one of the world's most important crops, has been extensively used as a model species to study molecular mechanisms of pollen and stigma interaction. A comprehensive analysis of maize silk transcriptome may provide valuable information for investigating stigma functionality. A comparative analysis of expression profiles between maize silk and dry stigmas of other species might reveal conserved and diverse mechanisms that underlie stigma-mediated reproductive processes in various plant species. RESULTS Transcript abundance profiles of mature silk, mature pollen, mature ovary, and seedling were investigated using RNA-seq. By comparing the transcriptomes of these tissues, we identified 1,427 genes specifically or preferentially expressed in maize silk. Bioinformatic analyses of these genes revealed many genes with known functions in plant reproduction as well as novel candidate genes that encode amino acid transporters, peptide and oligopeptide transporters, and cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases. In addition, comparison of gene sets specifically or preferentially expressed in stigmas of maize, rice (Oryza sativa L.), and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana [L.] Heynh.) identified a number of homologous genes involved either in pollen adhesion, hydration, and germination or in initial growth and penetration of pollen tubes into the stigma surface. The comparison also indicated that maize shares a more similar profile and larger number of conserved genes with rice than with Arabidopsis, and that amino acid and lipid transport-related genes are distinctively overrepresented in maize. CONCLUSIONS Many of the novel genes uncovered in this study are potentially involved in stigma-mediated reproductive processes, including genes encoding amino acid transporters, peptide and oligopeptide transporters, and cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases. The data also suggest that dry stigmas share similar mechanisms at early stages of pollen-stigma interaction. Compared with Arabidopsis, maize and rice appear to have more conserved functional mechanisms. Genes involved in amino acid and lipid transport may be responsible for mechanisms in the reproductive process that are unique to maize silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Lin Sang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
- College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Jun Ping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
| | - Xian Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, Shandong Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China
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89
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Tanaka H, Osakabe Y, Katsura S, Mizuno S, Maruyama K, Kusakabe K, Mizoi J, Shinozaki K, Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K. Abiotic stress-inducible receptor-like kinases negatively control ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 70:599-613. [PMID: 22225700 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2012.04901.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Membrane-anchored receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) recognize extracellular signals at the cell surface and activate the downstream signaling pathway by phosphorylating specific target proteins. We analyzed a receptor-like cytosolic kinase (RLCK) gene, ARCK1, whose expression was induced by abiotic stress. ARCK1 belongs to the cysteine-rich repeat (CRR) RLK sub-family and encodes a cytosolic protein kinase. The arck1 mutant showed higher sensitivity than the wild-type to ABA and osmotic stress during the post-germinative growth phase. CRK36, an abiotic stress-inducible RLK belonging to the CRR RLK sub-family, was screened as a potential interacting factor with ARCK1 by co-expression analyses and a yeast two-hybrid system. CRK36 physically interacted with ARCK1 in plant cells, and the kinase domain of CRK36 phosphorylated ARCK1 in vitro. We generated CRK36 RNAi transgenic plants, and found that transgenic plants with suppressed CRK36 expression showed higher sensitivity than arck1-2 to ABA and osmotic stress during the post-germinative growth phase. Microarray analysis using CRK36 RNAi plants revealed that suppression of CRK36 up-regulates several ABA-responsive genes, such as LEA genes, oleosin, ABI4 and ABI5. These results suggest that CRK36 and ARCK1 form a complex and negatively control ABA and osmotic stress signal transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenori Tanaka
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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90
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Rayapuram C, Jensen MK, Maiser F, Shanir JV, Hornshøj H, Rung JH, Gregersen PL, Schweizer P, Collinge DB, Lyngkjær MF. Regulation of basal resistance by a powdery mildew-induced cysteine-rich receptor-like protein kinase in barley. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2012; 13:135-47. [PMID: 21819533 PMCID: PMC6638725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00736.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) constitute a large and diverse group of proteins controlling numerous plant physiological processes, including development, hormone perception and stress responses. The cysteine-rich RLKs (CRKs) represent a prominent subfamily of transmembrane-anchored RLKs. We have identified a putative barley (Hordeum vulgare) CRK gene family member, designated HvCRK1. The mature putative protein comprises 645 amino acids, and includes a putative receptor domain containing two characteristic 'domain 26 of unknown function' (duf26) domains in the N-terminal region, followed by a rather short 17-amino-acid transmembrane domain, which includes an AAA motif, two features characteristic of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-targeted proteins and, finally, a characteristic putative protein kinase domain in the C-terminus. The HvCRK1 transcript was isolated from leaves inoculated with the biotrophic fungal pathogen Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei (Bgh). HvCRK1 transcripts were observed to accumulate transiently following Bgh inoculation of susceptible barley. Transient silencing of HvCRK1 expression in bombarded epidermal cells led to enhanced resistance to Bgh, but did not affect R-gene-mediated resistance. Silencing of HvCRK1 phenocopied the effective penetration resistance found in mlo-resistant barley plants, and the possible link between HvCRK1 and MLO was substantiated by the fact that HvCRK1 induction on Bgh inoculation was dependent on Mlo. Finally, using both experimental and in silico approaches, we demonstrated that HvCRK1 localizes to the ER of barley cells. The negative effect on basal resistance against Bgh and the functional aspects of MLO- and ER-localized HvCRK1 signalling on Bgh inoculation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cbgowda Rayapuram
- Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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91
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Elmore JM, Liu J, Smith B, Phinney B, Coaker G. Quantitative proteomics reveals dynamic changes in the plasma membrane during Arabidopsis immune signaling. Mol Cell Proteomics 2012; 11:M111.014555. [PMID: 22215637 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m111.014555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The plant plasma membrane is a crucial mediator of the interaction between plants and microbes. Understanding how the plasma membrane proteome responds to diverse immune signaling events will lead to a greater understanding of plant immunity and uncover novel targets for crop improvement. Here we report the results from a large scale quantitative proteomics study of plasma membrane-enriched fractions upon activation of the Arabidopsis thaliana immune receptor RPS2. More than 2300 proteins were identified in total, with 1353 proteins reproducibly identified across multiple replications. Label-free spectral counting was employed to quantify the relative protein abundance between different treatment samples. Over 20% of up-regulated proteins have known roles in plant immune responses. Significantly changing proteins include those involved in calcium and lipid signaling, membrane transport, primary and secondary metabolism, protein phosphorylation, redox homeostasis, and vesicle trafficking. A subset of differentially regulated proteins was independently validated during bacterial infection. This study presents the largest quantitative proteomics data set of plant immunity to date and provides a framework for understanding global plasma membrane proteome dynamics during plant immune responses.
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92
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Ederli L, Madeo L, Calderini O, Gehring C, Moretti C, Buonaurio R, Paolocci F, Pasqualini S. The Arabidopsis thaliana cysteine-rich receptor-like kinase CRK20 modulates host responses to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 infection. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2011; 168:1784-94. [PMID: 21742407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2011] [Revised: 03/31/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In plants, the cysteine-rich repeat kinases (CRKs) are a sub-family of receptor-like protein kinases that contain the DUF26 motif in their extracellular domains. It has been shown that in Arabidopsis thaliana, CRK20 is transcriptionally induced by pathogens, salicylic acid and ozone (O(3)). However, its role in responses to biotic and abiotic stress remains to be elucidated. To determine the function of CRK20 in such responses, two CRK20 loss-of-function mutants, crk20-1 and crk20-2, were isolated from public collections of Arabidopsis T-DNA tagged lines and examined for responses to O(3) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000. crk20-1 and crk20-2 showed similar O(3) sensitivities and no differences in the expression of defense genes when compared with the wild-type. However, pathogen growth was significantly reduced, while there were no differences in the induction of salicylic acid related defense genes or salicylic acid accumulation. Furthermore, correlation analysis of CRK20 gene expression suggests that it has a role in the control of H(2)O and/or nutrient transport. We therefore propose that CRK20 promotes conditions that are favorable for Pst DC3000 growth in Arabidopsis, possibly through the regulation of apoplastic homeostasis, and consequently, of the environment of this biotrophic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Ederli
- Department of Applied Biology, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno, 74, I-06121 Perugia, Italy
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93
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Lee JY, Wang X, Cui W, Sager R, Modla S, Czymmek K, Zybaliov B, van Wijk K, Zhang C, Lu H, Lakshmanan V. A plasmodesmata-localized protein mediates crosstalk between cell-to-cell communication and innate immunity in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2011; 23:3353-73. [PMID: 21934146 PMCID: PMC3203451 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.111.087742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Plasmodesmata (PD) are thought to play a fundamental role in almost every aspect of plant life, including normal growth, physiology, and developmental responses. However, how specific signaling pathways integrate PD-mediated cell-to-cell communication is not well understood. Here, we present experimental evidence showing that the Arabidopsis thaliana plasmodesmata-located protein 5 (PDLP5; also known as HOPW1-1-INDUCED GENE1) mediates crosstalk between PD regulation and salicylic acid-dependent defense responses. PDLP5 was found to localize at the central region of PD channels and associate with PD pit fields, acting as an inhibitor to PD trafficking, potentially through its capacity to modulate PD callose deposition. As a regulator of PD, PDLP5 was also essential for conferring enhanced innate immunity against bacterial pathogens in a salicylic acid-dependent manner. Based on these findings, a model is proposed illustrating that the regulation of PD closure mediated by PDLP5 constitutes a crucial part of coordinated control of cell-to-cell communication and defense signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Youn Lee
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19711, USA.
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94
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Wrzaczek M, Brosché M, Salojärvi J, Kangasjärvi S, Idänheimo N, Mersmann S, Robatzek S, Karpiński S, Karpińska B, Kangasjärvi J. Transcriptional regulation of the CRK/DUF26 group of receptor-like protein kinases by ozone and plant hormones in Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:95. [PMID: 20500828 PMCID: PMC3095361 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant Receptor-like/Pelle kinases (RLK) are a group of conserved signalling components that regulate developmental programs and responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the largest RLK groups is formed by the Domain of Unknown Function 26 (DUF26) RLKs, also called Cysteine-rich Receptor-like Kinases (CRKs), which have been suggested to play important roles in the regulation of pathogen defence and programmed cell death. Despite the vast number of RLKs present in plants, however, only a few of them have been functionally characterized. RESULTS We examined the transcriptional regulation of all Arabidopsis CRKs by ozone (O3), high light and pathogen/elicitor treatment - conditions known to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in various subcellular compartments. Several CRKs were transcriptionally induced by exposure to O3 but not by light stress. O3 induces an extracellular oxidative burst, whilst light stress leads to ROS production in chloroplasts. Analysis of publicly available microarray data revealed that the transcriptional responses of the CRKs to O3 were very similar to responses to microbes or pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Several mutants altered in hormone biosynthesis or signalling showed changes in basal and O3-induced transcriptional responses. CONCLUSIONS Combining expression analysis from multiple treatments with mutants altered in hormone biosynthesis or signalling suggest a model in which O3 and salicylic acid (SA) activate separate signaling pathways that exhibit negative crosstalk. Although O3 is classified as an abiotic stress to plants, transcriptional profiling of CRKs showed strong similarities between the O3 and biotic stress responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Wrzaczek
- Plant Biology Division, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Brosché
- Plant Biology Division, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jarkko Salojärvi
- Plant Biology Division, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Niina Idänheimo
- Plant Biology Division, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sophia Mersmann
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, DE-50829 Cologne, Germany
| | - Silke Robatzek
- Max-Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, DE-50829 Cologne, Germany
- The Sainsbury Laboratories, Norwich Research Park, Colney Lane, NR4 7UH, Norwich, UK
| | - Stanisław Karpiński
- Department of Plant Genetics, Breeding and Plant Biotechnology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska st. 159, PL 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Karpińska
- Department of Life Sciences, Södertörn University College, SE-141 89 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kangasjärvi
- Plant Biology Division, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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95
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Miyakawa T, Miyazono KI, Sawano Y, Hatano KI, Tanokura M. Crystal structure of ginkbilobin-2 with homology to the extracellular domain of plant cysteine-rich receptor-like kinases. Proteins 2009; 77:247-51. [PMID: 19603485 DOI: 10.1002/prot.22494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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96
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Wei Z, Hu W, Lin Q, Cheng X, Tong M, Zhu L, Chen R, He G. Understanding rice plant resistance to the Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens): a proteomic approach. Proteomics 2009; 9:2798-808. [PMID: 19405033 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200800840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Engineering and breeding resistant plant varieties are the most effective and environmentally friendly ways to control agricultural pests and improve crop performance. However, the mechanism of plant resistance to pests is poorly understood. Here we used a quantitative mass-spectrometry-based proteomic approach for comparative analysis of expression profiles of proteins in rice leaf sheaths in responses to infestation by the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål, BPH), which is a serious rice crop pest. Proteins involved in multiple pathways showed significant changes in expression in response to BPH feeding, including jasmonic acid synthesis proteins, oxidative stress response proteins, beta-glucanases, protein; kinases, clathrin protein, glycine cleavage system protein, photosynthesis proteins and aquaporins. The corresponding genes of eight important proteins were further analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR. Proteomic and transcript responses that were related to wounding, oxidative and pathogen stress overlapped considerably between BPH-resistant (carrying the resistance gene BPH15) and susceptible rice lines. In contrast, proteins and genes related to callose metabolism remained unchanged and glycine cleavage system protein was up-regulated in the BPH-resistant lines, indicating that they have an efficient and specific defense mechanism. Our results provide new information about the interaction between rice and the BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Plant Development Biology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, P. R. China
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97
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Lehti-Shiu MD, Zou C, Hanada K, Shiu SH. Evolutionary history and stress regulation of plant receptor-like kinase/pelle genes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 150:12-26. [PMID: 19321712 PMCID: PMC2675737 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.134353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-Like Kinase (RLK)/Pelle genes play roles ranging from growth regulation to defense response, and the dramatic expansion of this family has been postulated to be crucial for plant-specific adaptations. Despite this, little is known about the history of or the factors that contributed to the dramatic expansion of this gene family. In this study, we show that expansion coincided with the establishment of land plants and that RLK/Pelle subfamilies were established early in land plant evolution. The RLK/Pelle family expanded at a significantly higher rate than other kinases, due in large part to expansion of a few subfamilies by tandem duplication. Interestingly, these subfamilies tend to have members with known roles in defense response, suggesting that their rapid expansion was likely a consequence of adaptation to fast-evolving pathogens. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) expression data support the importance of RLK/Pelles in biotic stress response. We found that hundreds of RLK/Pelles are up-regulated by biotic stress. Furthermore, stress responsiveness is correlated with the degree of tandem duplication in RLK/Pelle subfamilies. Our findings suggest a link between stress response and tandem duplication and provide an explanation for why a large proportion of the RLK/Pelle gene family is found in tandem repeats. In addition, our findings provide a useful framework for potentially predicting RLK/Pelle stress functions based on knowledge of expansion pattern and duplication mechanism. Finally, we propose that the detection of highly variable molecular patterns associated with specific pathogens/parasites is the main reason for the up-regulation of hundreds of RLK/Pelles under biotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa D Lehti-Shiu
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
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98
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Mukherjee AK, Lev S, Gepstein S, Horwitz BA. A compatible interaction of Alternaria brassicicola with Arabidopsis thaliana ecotype DiG: evidence for a specific transcriptional signature. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2009; 9:31. [PMID: 19296849 PMCID: PMC2664814 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-9-31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interaction of Arabidopsis with Alternaria brassicicola provides a model for disease caused by necrotrophs, but a drawback has been the lack of a compatible pathosystem. Infection of most ecotypes, including the widely-studied line Col-0, with this pathogen generally leads to a lesion that does not expand beyond the inoculated area. This study examines an ecotype, Dijon G (DiG), which is considered sensitive to A. brassicicola. RESULTS We show that the interaction has the characteristics of a compatible one, with expanding rather than limited lesions. To ask whether DiG is merely more sensitive to the pathogen or, rather, interacts in distinct manner, we identified genes whose regulation differs between Col-0 and DiG challenged with A. brassicicola. Suppression subtractive hybridization was used to identify differentially expressed genes, and their expression was verified using semi-quantitative PCR. We also tested a set of known defense-related genes for differential regulation in the two plant-pathogen interactions. Several known pathogenesis-related (PR) genes are up-regulated in both interactions. PR1, and a monooxygenase gene identified in this study, MO1, are preferentially up-regulated in the compatible interaction. In contrast, GLIP1, which encodes a secreted lipase, and DIOX1, a pathogen-response related dioxygenase, are preferentially up-regulated in the incompatible interaction. CONCLUSION The results show that DiG is not only more susceptible, but demonstrate that its interaction with A. brassicicola has a specific transcriptional signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arup K Mukherjee
- Division of Plant Biotechnology, Regional Plant Resource Centre, IRC Village, Bhubaneswar 751015, Orissa, India
| | - Sophie Lev
- Department of Biology, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Shimon Gepstein
- Department of Biology, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Benjamin A Horwitz
- Department of Biology, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion, Haifa 32000, Israel
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99
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Narayanan NN, Grosic S, Tasma IM, Grant D, Shoemaker R, Bhattacharyya MK. Identification of candidate signaling genes including regulators of chromosome condensation 1 protein family differentially expressed in the soybean-Phytophthora sojae interaction. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2009; 118:399-412. [PMID: 18825360 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-008-0895-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/06/2008] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem and root rot caused by the oomycete pathogen, Phytophthora sojae, is a serious soybean disease. Use of Phytophthora resistance genes (Rps) in soybean cultivars has been very effective in controlling this pathogen. Resistance encoded by Rps genes is manifested through activation of defense responses. In order to identify candidate signaling genes involved in the expression of Phytophthora resistance in soybean, a cDNA library was prepared from infected etiolated hypocotyl tissues of a Phytophthora resistant soybean cultivar harvested 2 and 4 h following P. sojae inoculation. In silico subtraction of 101,833 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) originating from unstressed cDNA libraries from 4,737 ESTs of this library resulted in identification of 204 genes that were absent in the unstressed libraries. Of the 204 identified genes, seven were P. sojae genes. Putative function of 91 of the 204 genes could not be assigned based on sequence comparison. Macroarray analyses of all 204 genes led to identification of 60 genes including 15 signaling-related soybean genes and three P. sojae genes, transcripts of which were induced twofold in P. sojae-infected tissues as compared to that in water controls. Eight soybean genes were down-regulated twofold following P. sojae infection as compared to water controls. Differential expression of a few selected genes was confirmed by conducting Northern and RT-PCR analyses. We have shown that two putative regulators of chromosome condensation 1 (RCC1) family proteins were down-regulated in the incompatible interaction. This observation suggested that the nucleocytoplasmic transport function for trafficking protein and non-coding RNA is suppressed during expression of race-specific Phytophthora resistance. Characterization of a cDNA library generated from tissues harvested almost immediately following P. sojae-infection of a resistant cultivar allowed us to identify many candidate signaling genes that are presumably involved in regulating the expression of defense-related pathways for expression of Phytophthora resistance in soybean.
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100
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Zhang L, Tian LH, Zhao JF, Song Y, Zhang CJ, Guo Y. Identification of an apoplastic protein involved in the initial phase of salt stress response in rice root by two-dimensional electrophoresis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2009; 149:916-28. [PMID: 19036832 PMCID: PMC2633861 DOI: 10.1104/pp.108.131144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2008] [Accepted: 11/22/2008] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The apoplast of plant cells, which carries out multiple functions in plant metabolism and signaling, is not only a barrier but also the linker between the environment and the protoplast. To investigate the role of apoplastic proteins in the salt stress response, 10-d-old rice (Oryza sativa) plants were treated with 200 mM NaCl for 1, 3, or 6 h, and the soluble apoplast proteins were extracted for differential analysis compared with untreated controls using two-dimensional electrophoresis. Ten protein spots that increased or decreased significantly in abundance were identified by mass spectrometry. These proteins included some well-known biotic and abiotic stress-related proteins. Among them, an apoplastic protein, with extracellular domain-like cysteine-rich motifs (DUF26), O. sativa root meander curling (OsRMC), has shown drastically increased abundance in response to salt stress during the initial phase. OsRMC RNA interference transgenic rice has been generated to assess the function of OsRMC in the salt stress response. The results show that knocking down the expression level of OsRMC in transgenic rice led to insensitive seed germination, enhanced growth inhibition, and improved salt stress tolerance to NaCl than in untransgenic plants. These results indicate that plant apoplastic proteins may have important roles in the plant salt stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China
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