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Liu Y, Lai YJ, Ye JF, Hu HH, Peng DX, Lu LM, Sun H, Chen ZD. The Sino-Himalayan flora evolved from lowland biomes dominated by tropical floristic elements. BMC Biol 2023; 21:239. [PMID: 37904140 PMCID: PMC10617089 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-023-01746-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Sino-Himalayan flora harbors highly diverse high-elevation biotas, but our understanding of its evolutionary history in temporal and spatial dimensions is limited. In this study, we integrated a dated phylogenetic tree with comprehensive species distribution data to investigate changes over time and space in floristic elements, including the tropical, Tethys, northern temperate, and East Asian floristic elements, across the entire Sino-Himalaya and its three floristic regions: the Yunnan Plateau, Hengduan Mountains, and East Himalaya regions. RESULTS Our results revealed that the Sino-Himalayan flora developed from lowland biomes and was predominantly characterized by tropical floristic elements before the collision between the Indian subcontinent and Eurasia during the Early Cenozoic. Subsequently, from the Late Eocene onwards, the uplifts of the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains transformed the Sino-Himalayan region into a wet and cold plateau, on which harsh and diverse ecological conditions forced the rapid evolution of local angiosperms, giving birth to characteristic taxa adapted to the high altitudes and cold habitat. The percentage of temperate floristic elements increased and exceeded that of tropical floristic elements by the Late Miocene. CONCLUSIONS The Sino-Himalayan flora underwent four significant formation periods and experienced a considerable increase in endemic genera and species in the Miocene, which remain crucial to the present-day patterns of plant diversity. Our findings support the view that the Sino-Himalayan flora is relatively young but has ancient origins. The three major shifts in the divergence of genera and species during the four formation periods were primarily influenced by the uplifts of the Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains and the onset and intensification of the Asian monsoon system. Additionally, the temporal patterns of floristic elements differed among the three floristic regions of the Sino-Himalaya, indicating that the uplift of the Himalaya and surrounding areas was asynchronous. Compared to the Yunnan Plateau region, the East Himalaya and Hengduan Mountains experienced more recent and drastic uplifts, resulting in highly intricate topography with diverse habitats that promoted the rapid radiation of endemic genera and species in these regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yang-Jun Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jian-Fei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Shenzhen Campus, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China
| | - Hai-Hua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Dan-Xiao Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Li-Min Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Hang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, China
| | - Zhi-Duan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Diversity and Specialty Crops, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China.
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Stubbins B, Leier AL, Barbeau DL, Pullen A, Abell JT, Nie J, Zárate MA, Fidler MK. Global climate forcing on late Miocene establishment of the Pampean aeolian system in South America. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6899. [PMID: 37899425 PMCID: PMC10613622 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Wind-blown dust from southern South America links the terrestrial, marine, atmospheric, and biological components of Earth's climate system. The Pampas of central Argentina (~33°-39° S) contain a Miocene to Holocene aeolian record that spans an important interval of global cooling. Upper Miocene sediment provenance based on n = 3299 detrital-zircon U-Pb ages is consistent with the provenance of Pleistocene-Holocene deposits, indicating the Pampas are the site of a long-lived fluvial-aeolian system that has been operating since the late Miocene. Here, we show the establishment of aeolian sedimentation in the Pampas coincided with late Miocene cooling. These findings, combined with those from the Chinese Loess Plateau (~33°-39° N) underscore: (1) the role of fluvial transport in the development and maintenance of temporally persistent mid-latitude loess provinces; and (2) a global-climate forcing mechanism behind the establishment of large mid-latitude loess provinces during the late Miocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Stubbins
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Andrew L Leier
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - David L Barbeau
- School of the Earth, Ocean and Environment, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Alex Pullen
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
| | - Jordan T Abell
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lehigh University, Pennsylvania, PA, 18015, USA
| | - Junsheng Nie
- Key Laboratory of Western China's Environmental Systems (Ministry of Education), College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Marcelo A Zárate
- Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, CONICET Universidad Nacional de La Pampa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - Mary Kate Fidler
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
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Jamieson SSR, Ross N, Paxman GJG, Clubb FJ, Young DA, Yan S, Greenbaum J, Blankenship DD, Siegert MJ. An ancient river landscape preserved beneath the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6507. [PMID: 37875503 PMCID: PMC10597991 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The East Antarctic Ice Sheet (EAIS) has its origins ca. 34 million years ago. Since then, the impact of climate change and past fluctuations in the EAIS margin has been reflected in periods of extensive vs. restricted ice cover and the modification of much of the Antarctic landscape. Resolving processes of landscape evolution is therefore critical for establishing ice sheet history, but it is rare to find unmodified landscapes that record past ice conditions. Here, we discover an extensive relic pre-glacial landscape preserved beneath the central EAIS despite millions of years of ice cover. The landscape was formed by rivers prior to ice sheet build-up but later modified by local glaciation before being dissected by outlet glaciers at the margin of a restricted ice sheet. Preservation of the relic surfaces indicates an absence of significant warm-based ice throughout their history, suggesting any transitions between restricted and expanded ice were rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Neil Ross
- School of Geography, Politics and Sociology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Guy J G Paxman
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Fiona J Clubb
- Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Duncan A Young
- University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Shuai Yan
- University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
- Department of Geosciences, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Jamin Greenbaum
- Scripps Institute for Oceanography, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, USA
| | - Donald D Blankenship
- University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, Jackson School of Geosciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - Martin J Siegert
- Tremough House, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, UK
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Kirk EC, Dunn RH, Rodwell B, Townsend KEB. New specimens of middle Eocene omomyines (Primates, Omomyoidea) from the Uinta Basin of Utah and the Tornillo Basin of Texas, with clarification of the generic status of Ourayia, Mytonius, and Diablomomys. J Hum Evol 2023; 183:103425. [PMID: 37734122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2023.103425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
In the middle Eocene, multiple lineages of North American omomyoids independently evolved body masses greater than 500 g. Most of these large-bodied omomyoids are known from small sample sizes, which has contributed to a lack of consensus regarding their alpha taxonomy. Here, we describe new Uintan omomyine specimens from the Uinta Basin of Utah and the Tornillo Basin of Texas. These new samples expand the hypodigms of Diablomomys dalquesti, Mytonius hopsoni, and Ourayia uintensis, and favor the recognition of new species of Mytonius and Ourayia based on specimens from the Tornillo Basin. These samples support the recognition of Diablomomys as a valid genus distinct from Omomys, Ourayia as a valid genus distinct from Macrotarsius, and Mytonius as a valid genus distinct from Ourayia. Although Diablomomys and Omomys co-occur in the late Uintan of the Tornillo Basin, Ourayia and Mytonius are time-successive taxa with a wide distribution across multiple Laramide basins. The data presented here reinforce the conclusion that the Uintan was a time period in which omomyines diversified to include a large number of taxa with body masses above Kay's threshold and frugivorous-folivorous diets. These data also provide evidence that North American primate faunas exhibited a shifting pattern of regional endemism during the middle Eocene. By the early Uintan, primate faunas from Southern California were already quite distinct from primate faunas of the central Rocky Mountains or Trans-Pecos Texas. By the late Uintan, primate faunas in all three regions demonstrated greater provincialism, with Trans-Pecos Texas and Southern California both exhibiting a large number of endemic primate taxa and sharing only a single primate genus (Macrotarsius) in common. This increase in primate endemism across the Uintan may be tied to changes in paleohabitats associated with the larger trend toward decreasing temperatures from the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum to the Eocene/Oligocene transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Christopher Kirk
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Geological Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, 2275 Speedway Stop C9000, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Jackson School Museum of Earth History, The University of Texas at Austin, J. J. Pickle Research Campus, 10100 Burnet Road, PRC 6-VPL, R7600, Austin, TX 78758, USA.
| | - Rachel H Dunn
- Department of Anatomy, Des Moines University, 3200 Grand Avenue, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Benjamin Rodwell
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Texas at Austin, 2201 Speedway Stop C3200, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - K E Beth Townsend
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
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Antary N, Trauth MH, Marwan N. Interpolation and sampling effects on recurrence quantification measures. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2023; 33:103105. [PMID: 37782832 DOI: 10.1063/5.0167413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The recurrence plot and the recurrence quantification analysis (RQA) are well-established methods for the analysis of data from complex systems. They provide important insights into the nature of the dynamics, periodicity, regime changes, and many more. These methods are used in different fields of research, such as finance, engineering, life, and earth science. To use them, the data have usually to be uniformly sampled, posing difficulties in investigations that provide non-uniformly sampled data, as typical in medical data (e.g., heart-beat based measurements), paleoclimate archives (such as sediment cores or stalagmites), or astrophysics (supernova or pulsar observations). One frequently used solution is interpolation to generate uniform time series. However, this preprocessing step can introduce bias to the RQA measures, particularly those that rely on the diagonal or vertical line structure in the recurrence plot. Using prototypical model systems, we systematically analyze differences in the RQA measure average diagonal line length for data with different sampling and interpolation. For real data, we show that the course of this measure strongly depends on the choice of the sampling rate for interpolation. Furthermore, we suggest a correction scheme, which is capable of correcting the bias introduced by the prepossessing step if the interpolation ratio is an integer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Antary
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Leipzig, 04081 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin H Trauth
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Norbert Marwan
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Member of the Leibniz Association, 14473 Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Straße 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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56
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Liang X, Heath LS. Towards understanding paleoclimate impacts on primate de novo genes. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2023; 13:jkad135. [PMID: 37313728 PMCID: PMC10468307 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
De novo genes are genes that emerge as new genes in some species, such as primate de novo genes that emerge in certain primate species. Over the past decade, a great deal of research has been conducted regarding their emergence, origins, functions, and various attributes in different species, some of which have involved estimating the ages of de novo genes. However, limited by the number of species available for whole-genome sequencing, relatively few studies have focused specifically on the emergence time of primate de novo genes. Among those, even fewer investigate the association between primate gene emergence with environmental factors, such as paleoclimate (ancient climate) conditions. This study investigates the relationship between paleoclimate and human gene emergence at primate species divergence. Based on 32 available primate genome sequences, this study has revealed possible associations between temperature changes and the emergence of de novo primate genes. Overall, findings in this study are that de novo genes tended to emerge in the recent 13 MY when the temperature continues cooling, which is consistent with past findings. Furthermore, in the context of an overall trend of cooling temperature, new primate genes were more likely to emerge during local warming periods, where the warm temperature more closely resembled the environmental condition that preceded the cooling trend. Results also indicate that both primate de novo genes and human cancer-associated genes have later origins in comparison to random human genes. Future studies can be in-depth on understanding human de novo gene emergence from an environmental perspective as well as understanding species divergence from a gene emergence perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Lenwood S Heath
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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57
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Jiangzuo Q, Rabe C, Abella J, Govender R, Valenciano A. Langebaanweg's sabertooth guild reveals an African Pliocene evolutionary hotspot for sabertooths (Carnivora; Felidae). iScience 2023; 26:107212. [PMID: 37609637 PMCID: PMC10440717 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe and revise craniodental material from Langebaanweg 'E' Quarry (South Africa, early Pliocene, ∼5.2 Ma), which represents one of the largest and best-preserved collections of sabertooth felids from Mio-Pliocene deposits of Africa. Four taxa, including two new species, are recognized: Lokotunjailurus chinsamyae sp. nov., Adeilosmilus aff. kabir, Yoshi obscura, and Dinofelis werdelini sp. nov. The felid guild composition analyzed herein suggests the presence of a mosaic environment with open components in the region, and shows a potential relationship with that of Yuanmou, suggesting a similar environment and/or dispersal route/event. The reassessment of the rich early Pliocene felids from Langebaanweg is a step toward understanding the transition and evolution of the felids in the southern hemisphere during the late Miocene to early Pliocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qigao Jiangzuo
- Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100044, China
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100044, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment, Beijing 100044, China
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York City, NY 10024, USA
| | - Caitlin Rabe
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Juan Abella
- Departament de Botànica i Geologia, Grup d'Investigació en Paleontologia de Vertebrats del Cenozoic (PVC-GIUV), Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Campus Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito 170131, Ecuador
| | - Romala Govender
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
- Research and Exhibitions, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
| | - Alberto Valenciano
- Research and Exhibitions, Iziko Museums of South Africa, Cape Town 8001, South Africa
- Departamento de Estratigrafía, Geodinámica y Paleontología, Faculty of Geological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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De Lira Mota MA, Dunkley Jones T, Sulaiman N, Edgar KM, Yamaguchi T, Leng MJ, Adloff M, Greene SE, Norris R, Warren B, Duffy G, Farrant J, Murayama M, Hall J, Bendle J. Multi-proxy evidence for sea level fall at the onset of the Eocene-Oligocene transition. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4748. [PMID: 37553323 PMCID: PMC10409788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Continental-scale expansion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet during the Eocene-Oligocene Transition (EOT) is one of the largest non-linear events in Earth's climate history. Declining atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and orbital variability triggered glacial expansion and strong feedbacks in the climate system. Prominent among these feedbacks was the repartitioning of biogeochemical cycles between the continental shelves and the deep ocean with falling sea level. Here we present multiple proxies from a shallow shelf location that identify a marked regression and an elevated flux of continental-derived organic matter at the earliest stage of the EOT, a time of deep ocean carbonate dissolution and the extinction of oligotrophic phytoplankton groups. We link these observations using an Earth System model, whereby this first regression delivers a pulse of organic carbon to the oceans that could drive the observed patterns of deep ocean dissolution and acts as a transient negative feedback to climate cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo A De Lira Mota
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- Institute of Geosciences, University of São Paulo, Rua do Lago, 562 - Butantã, São Paulo, SP, 05508-080, Brazil.
| | - Tom Dunkley Jones
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nursufiah Sulaiman
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Faculty of Earth Science, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Jeli Campus, Locked Bag No 100, 17600, Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Kirsty M Edgar
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tatsuhiko Yamaguchi
- National Museum of Nature and Science, 4-1-1 Amakubo, Tsukuba, 305-0005, Japan
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Melanie J Leng
- British Geological Survey, Keyworth, Nottingham, NG12 5GG, UK
- Centre for Environmental Geochemistry, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Markus Adloff
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, University Road, Bristol, BS81SS, UK
- Oeschger Centre, University of Bern, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sarah E Greene
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Richard Norris
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Bridget Warren
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Grace Duffy
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jennifer Farrant
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Masafumi Murayama
- Center for Advanced Marine Core Research, Kochi University, 200 Monobe Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
- Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, B200 Monobe, Nankoku, Kochi, 783-8502, Japan
| | - Jonathan Hall
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - James Bendle
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Andruchow-Colombo A, Rossetto-Harris G, Brodribb TJ, Gandolfo MA, Wilf P. A new fossil Acmopyle with accessory transfusion tissue and potential reproductive buds: Direct evidence for ever-wet rainforests in Eocene Patagonia. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:e16221. [PMID: 37598386 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Acmopyle (Podocarpaceae) comprises two extant species from Oceania that are physiologically restricted to ever-wet rainforests, a confirmed fossil record based on leaf adpressions and cuticles in Australia since the Paleocene, and a few uncertain reports from New Zealand, Antarctica, and South America. We investigated fossil specimens with Acmopyle affinities from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco site in Patagonia, Argentina. METHODS We studied 42 adpression leafy-shoot fossils and included them in a total evidence phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS Acmopyle grayae sp. nov. is based on heterophyllous leafy shoots with three distinct leaf types. Among these, bilaterally flattened leaves uniquely preserve subparallel, linear features that we interpret as accessory transfusion tissue (ATT, an extra-venous water-conducting tissue). Some apical morphologies of A. grayae shoots are compatible with the early stages of ovuliferous cone development. Our phylogenetic analysis recovers the new species in a polytomy with the two extant Acmopyle species. We report several types of insect-herbivory damage. We also transfer Acmopyle engelhardti from the middle Eocene Río Pichileufú flora to Dacrycarpus engelhardti comb. nov. CONCLUSIONS We confirm the biogeographically significant presence of the endangered West Pacific genus Acmopyle in Eocene Patagonia. Acmopyle is one of the most drought-intolerant genera in Podocarpaceae, possibly due to the high collapse risk of the ATT, and thus the new fossil species provides physiological evidence for the presence of an ever-wet rainforest environment at Laguna del Hunco during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Andruchow-Colombo
- Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Av. Fontana 140, Trelew, Chubut, 9100, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- LH Bailey Hortorium, Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Gabriella Rossetto-Harris
- Department of Geosciences and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Timothy J Brodribb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Sandy Bay, Tasmania, 7001, Australia
| | - María A Gandolfo
- Museo Paleontológico Egidio Feruglio, Av. Fontana 140, Trelew, Chubut, 9100, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
- LH Bailey Hortorium, Plant Biology Section, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, New York, 14853, USA
| | - Peter Wilf
- Department of Geosciences and Earth and Environmental Systems Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Krause AJ, Sluijs A, van der Ploeg R, Lenton TM, Pogge von Strandmann PAE. Enhanced clay formation key in sustaining the Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum. NATURE GEOSCIENCE 2023; 16:730-738. [PMID: 37564379 PMCID: PMC10409649 DOI: 10.1038/s41561-023-01234-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (around 40 million years ago) was a roughly 400,000-year-long global warming phase associated with an increase in atmospheric CO2 concentrations and deep-ocean acidification that interrupted the Eocene's long-term cooling trend. The unusually long duration, compared with early Eocene global warming phases, is puzzling as temperature-dependent silicate weathering should have provided a negative feedback, drawing down CO2 over this timescale. Here we investigate silicate weathering during this climate warming event by measuring lithium isotope ratios (reported as δ7Li), which are a tracer for silicate weathering processes, from a suite of open-ocean carbonate-rich sediments. We find a positive δ7Li excursion-the only one identified for a warming event so far -of ~3‰. Box model simulations support this signal to reflect a global shift from congruent weathering, with secondary mineral dissolution, to incongruent weathering, with secondary mineral formation. We surmise that, before the climatic optimum, there was considerable soil shielding of the continents. An increase in continental volcanism initiated the warming event, but it was sustained by an increase in clay formation, which sequestered carbonate-forming cations, short-circuiting the carbonate-silicate cycle. Clay mineral dynamics may play an important role in the carbon cycle for climatic events occurring over intermediate (i.e., 100,000 year) timeframes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Robin van der Ploeg
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Shell Global Solutions International B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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61
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Zhang J, Li XQ, Peng HW, Hai L, Erst AS, Jabbour F, Ortiz RDC, Xia FC, Soltis PS, Soltis DE, Wang W. Evolutionary history of the Arctic flora. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4021. [PMID: 37463899 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39555-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arctic tundra is a relatively young and new type of biome and is especially sensitive to the impacts of global warming. However, little is known about how the Arctic flora was shaped over time. Here we investigate the origin and evolutionary dynamics of the Arctic flora by sampling 32 angiosperm clades that together encompass 3626 species. We show that dispersal into the Arctic and in situ diversification within the Arctic have similar trends through time, initiating at approximately 10-9 Ma, increasing sharply around 2.6 Ma, and peaking around 1.0-0.7 Ma. Additionally, we discover the existence of a long-term dispersal corridor between the Arctic and western North America. Our results suggest that the initiation and diversification of the Arctic flora might have been jointly driven by progressive landscape and climate changes and sea-level fluctuations since the early Late Miocene. These findings have important conservation implications given rapidly changing climate conditions in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- Forestry College, Beihua University, 132013, Jilin, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Huan-Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Lisi Hai
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Andrey S Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya str. 101, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, 75005, France
| | - Rosa Del C Ortiz
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Fu-Cai Xia
- Forestry College, Beihua University, 132013, Jilin, China.
| | - Pamela S Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Douglas E Soltis
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA.
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100093, Beijing, China.
- China National Botanical Garden, 100093, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China.
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62
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Thompson JB, Davis KE, Dodd HO, Wills MA, Priest NK. Speciation across the Earth driven by global cooling in terrestrial orchids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2102408120. [PMID: 37428929 PMCID: PMC10629580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102408120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although climate change has been implicated as a major catalyst of diversification, its effects are thought to be inconsistent and much less pervasive than localized climate or the accumulation of species with time. Focused analyses of highly speciose clades are needed in order to disentangle the consequences of climate change, geography, and time. Here, we show that global cooling shapes the biodiversity of terrestrial orchids. Using a phylogeny of 1,475 species of Orchidoideae, the largest terrestrial orchid subfamily, we find that speciation rate is dependent on historic global cooling, not time, tropical distributions, elevation, variation in chromosome number, or other types of historic climate change. Relative to the gradual accumulation of species with time, models specifying speciation driven by historic global cooling are over 700 times more likely. Evidence ratios estimated for 212 other plant and animal groups reveal that terrestrial orchids represent one of the best-supported cases of temperature-spurred speciation yet reported. Employing >2.5 million georeferenced records, we find that global cooling drove contemporaneous diversification in each of the seven major orchid bioregions of the Earth. With current emphasis on understanding and predicting the immediate impacts of global warming, our study provides a clear case study of the long-term impacts of global climate change on biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie B. Thompson
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Katie E. Davis
- Department of Biology, University of York, YorkYO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Harry O. Dodd
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew A. Wills
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas K. Priest
- The Milner Centre for Evolution, Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, BathBA2 7AY, United Kingdom
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63
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Rousseau DD, Bagniewski W, Lucarini V. A punctuated equilibrium analysis of the climate evolution of cenozoic exhibits a hierarchy of abrupt transitions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11290. [PMID: 37438407 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38454-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Earth's climate has experienced numerous critical transitions during its history, which have often been accompanied by massive and rapid changes in the biosphere. Such transitions are evidenced in various proxy records covering different timescales. The goal is then to identify, date, characterize, and rank past critical transitions in terms of importance, thus possibly yielding a more thorough perspective on climatic history. To illustrate such an approach, which is inspired by the punctuated equilibrium perspective on the theory of evolution, we have analyzed 2 key high-resolution datasets: the CENOGRID marine compilation (past 66 Myr), and North Atlantic U1308 record (past 3.3 Myr). By combining recurrence analysis of the individual time series with a multivariate representation of the system based on the theory of the quasi-potential, we identify the key abrupt transitions associated with major regime changes that separate various clusters of climate variability. This allows interpreting the time-evolution of the system as a trajectory taking place in a dynamical landscape, whose multiscale features describe a hierarchy of metastable states and associated tipping points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis-Didier Rousseau
- Géosciences Montpellier, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
- Institute of Physics-CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland.
- Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
| | - Witold Bagniewski
- Ecole Normale Supérieure-Paris Sciences et Lettres, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Paris, France
| | - Valerio Lucarini
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- Centre for the Mathematics of Planet Earth, University of Reading, Reading, UK
- School of Systems Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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64
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Li L, Garzione CN. Upward and outward growth of north-central Tibet: Mechanisms that build high-elevation, low-relief plateaus. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh3058. [PMID: 37418530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Large orogenic plateaus, such as the Tibetan Plateau, are characterized by high-elevation, low-relief topography, in contrast to the rugged terrains of narrower mountain belts. A key question is how low-elevation hinterland basins, characteristic of broad regions of shortening, were raised while regional relief was flattened. This study uses the Hoh Xil Basin in north-central Tibet as an analogue for late-stage orogenic plateau formation. The precipitation temperatures of lacustrine carbonates deposited between ~19 and ~12 million years ago record an early to middle Miocene phase of surface uplift of 1.0 ± 0.7 km. The results of this study demonstrate the contribution of sub-surface geodynamic processes in driving regional surface uplift and redistribution of crustal material to flatten plateau surfaces during the late stage of orogenic plateau formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Carmala N Garzione
- Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
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65
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Ling YY, Xiang KL, Peng HW, Erst AS, Lian L, Zhao L, Jabbour F, Wang W. Biogeographic diversification of Actaea (Ranunculaceae): Insights into the historical assembly of deciduous broad-leaved forests in the Northern Hemisphere. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107870. [PMID: 37406952 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The deciduous broad-leaved forests (DBLFs) cover large temperate and subtropical high-altitude regions in the Northern Hemisphere. They are home to rich biodiversity, especially to numerous endemic and relict species. However, we know little about how this vegetation in the Northern Hemisphere has developed through time. Here, we used Actaea (Ranunculaceae), an herbaceous genus almost exclusively growing in the understory of the Northern Hemisphere DBLFs, to shed light on the historical assembly of this biome in the Northern Hemisphere. We present a complete species-level phylogenetic analysis of Actaea based on five plastid and nuclear loci. Using the phylogenetic framework, we estimated divergence times, ancestral ranges, and diversification rates. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support Actaea as monophyletic. Sections Podocarpae and Oligocarpae compose a clade, sister to all other Actaea. The sister relationship between sections Chloranthae and Souliea is strongly supported. Section Dichanthera is not monophyletic unless section Cimicifuga is included. Actaea originated in East Asia, likely the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the late Paleocene (c. 57 Ma), and subsequently dispersed into North America in the middle Eocene (c. 43 Ma) via the Thulean bridge. Actaea reached Europe twice, Japan twice, and Taiwan once, and all these five colonization events occurred in the late Miocene-early Pliocene, a period when sea level dropped. Actaea began to diversify at c. 43 Ma. The section-level diversification took place at c. 27-37 Ma and the species-level diversification experienced accelerations twice, which occurred at c. 15 Ma and c. 5 Ma, respectively. Our findings suggest that the Northern Hemisphere DBLFs might have risen in the middle Eocene and further diversified in the late Eocene-Oligocene, middle Miocene and early Pliocene, in association with climatic deterioration during these four periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun-Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Huan-Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Andrey S Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zolotodolinskaya str. 101, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Lian Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris 75005, France
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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66
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Moran DS, DeGroot DW, Potter AW, Charkoudian N. Beating the heat: military training and operations in the era of global warming. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2023; 135:60-67. [PMID: 37199784 PMCID: PMC10281783 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00229.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Global climate change has resulted in an increase in the number and intensity of environmental heat waves, both in areas traditionally associated with hot temperatures and in areas where heat waves did not previously occur. For military communities around the world, these changes pose progressively increasing risks of heat-related illnesses and interference with training sessions. This is a significant and persistent "noncombat threat" to both training and operational activities of military personnel. In addition to these important health and safety concerns, there are broader implications in terms of the ability of worldwide security forces to effectively do their job (particularly in areas that historically already have high ambient temperatures). In the present review, we attempt to quantify the impact of climate change on various aspects of military training and performance. We also summarize ongoing research efforts designed to minimize and/or prevent heat injuries and illness. In terms of future approaches, we propose the need to "think outside the box" for a more effective training/schedule paradigm. One approach may be to investigate potential impacts of a reversal of sleep-wake cycles during basic training during the hot months of the year, to minimize the usual increase in heat-related injuries, and to enhance the capacity for physical training and combat performance. Regardless of which approaches are taken, a central feature of successful present and future interventions will be that they are rigorously tested using integrative physiological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Moran
- School of Health Sciences, Department of Health Systems Management, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Adam W Potter
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Nisha Charkoudian
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts, United States
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67
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Jaramillo C. The evolution of extant South American tropical biomes. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 239:477-493. [PMID: 37103892 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review explores the evolution of extant South American tropical biomes, focusing on when and why they developed. Tropical vegetation experienced a radical transformation from being dominated by non-angiosperms at the onset of the Cretaceous to full angiosperm dominance nowadays. Cretaceous tropical biomes do not have extant equivalents; lowland forests, dominated mainly by gymnosperms and ferns, lacked a closed canopy. This condition was radically transformed following the massive extinction event at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary. The extant lowland tropical rainforests first developed at the onset of the Cenozoic with a multistratified forest, an angiosperm-dominated closed canopy, and the dominance of the main families of the tropics including legumes. Cenozoic rainforest diversity has increased during global warming and decreased during global cooling. Tropical dry forests emerged at least by the late Eocene, whereas other Neotropical biomes including tropical savannas, montane forests, páramo/puna, and xerophytic forest are much younger, greatly expanding during the late Neogene, probably at the onset of the Quaternary, at the expense of the rainforest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Jaramillo
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843-03092, Balboa, Ancón, Panama City, Panama
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68
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Peng HW, Xiang KL, Erst AS, Erst TV, Jabbour F, Ortiz RDC, Wang W. The synergy of abiotic and biotic factors correlated with diversification of Fumarioideae (Papaveraceae) in the Cenozoic. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023:107868. [PMID: 37394080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Rapid diversification of a group is often associated with exploiting an ecological opportunity and/or the evolution of a key innovation. However, how the interplay of such abiotic and biotic factors correlates with organismal diversification has been rarely documented in empirical studies, especially for organisms inhabiting drylands. Fumarioideae is the largest subfamily in Papaveraceae and is mainly distributed in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Here, we used one nuclear (ITS) and six plastid (rbcL, atpB, matK, rps16, trnL-F, and trnG) DNA sequences to investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of diversification and potential related factors of this subfamily. We first present the most comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of Fumarioideae to date. The results of our integrated molecular dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that the most recent common ancestor of Fumarioideae started to diversify in Asia during the Upper Cretaceous, and then dispersed multiple times out of Asia in the Cenozoic. In particular, we discover two independent dispersal events from Eurasia to East Africa in the late Miocene, suggesting that the Arabian Peninsula might be an important exchange corridor between Eurasia and East Africa in the late Miocene. Within the Fumarioideae, increased speciation rates were detected in two groups, Corydalis and Fumariinae. Corydalis first experienced a burst of diversification in its crown group at ∼42 Ma, and further accelerated diversification from the mid-Miocene onwards. During these two periods, Corydalis had evolved diverse life history types, which could have facilitated the colonization of diverse habitats originating from extensive orogenesis in the Northern Hemisphere as well as Asian interior desertification. Fumariinae underwent a burst of diversification at ∼15 Ma, which temporally coincides with the increasing aridification in central Eurasia, but is markedly posterior to the shifts in habitat (from moist to arid) and in life history (from perennial to annual) and to range expansion from Asia to Europe, suggesting that Fumariinae species may have been pre-adapted to invade European arid habitats by the acquisition of annual life history. Our study provides an empirical case that documents the importance of pre-adaptation on organismal diversification in drylands and highlights the significant roles of the synergy of abiotic and biotic factors in promoting plant diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Wen Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kun-Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Andrey S Erst
- Central Siberian Botanical Garden, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Tatyana V Erst
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Florian Jabbour
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Université des Antilles, EPHE, 57 rue Cuvier, CP39, Paris 75005, France
| | - Rosa Del C Ortiz
- Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China; China National Botanical Garden, Beijing 100093, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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69
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Nishino M, Terada K, Uemura K, Ito Y, Yamada T. An exceptionally well-preserved monodominant fossil forest of Wataria from the lower Miocene of Japan. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10172. [PMID: 37349406 PMCID: PMC10287665 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37211-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Byttneriophyllum tiliifolium is a leaf fossil-species of the family Malvaceae that was distributed widely throughout Eurasia from the Miocene to the Pliocene. An affinity to some Malvadendrina subfamilies has been suggested for Byttneriophyllum-bearing plants, but remains to be clarified due to insufficient information on other organs. Here, we report an exceptional lower Miocene fossil locality in Japan where a monodominant forest of the wood fossil-species Wataria parvipora flourished. Notably, the forest floor was covered by a bed consisting almost exclusively of B. tiliifolium. We observed occurrence modes of B. tiliifolium in this bed that confirmed that these leaves were deposited parautochthonously. These observations imply a biological connection between B. tiliifolium and W. parvipora. The wood and leaf characters together might narrow the affinity of Byttneriophyllum-bearing plants down to Helicterioideae within the Malvadendrina, although it is also possible that Byttneriophyllum-bearing plants constitutes an extinct lineage which is characterized by a combination of morphological traits found in several extant lineages. Our results suggest that Byttneriophyllum-bearing plants started to inhabit swamps no later than the end of the early Miocene when the global temperature was getting warmer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nishino
- Botanical Gardens, Osaka Metropolitan University, Kisaichi, Katano, Osaka, 576-0004, Japan
- Laboratory of Geology, Osaka Museum of Natural History, 1-23 Nagai Park, Higashi-Sumiyoshi-Ku, Osaka, 546-0034, Japan
| | - Kazuo Terada
- Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum, Katsuyama, Fukui, 911-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uemura
- Department of Geology and Paleontology, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0005, Japan
| | - Yuki Ito
- Botanical Gardens, Osaka Metropolitan University, Kisaichi, Katano, Osaka, 576-0004, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Yamada
- Botanical Gardens, Osaka Metropolitan University, Kisaichi, Katano, Osaka, 576-0004, Japan.
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10W8, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-0810, Japan.
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70
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Bibi F, Cantalapiedra JL. Plio-Pleistocene African megaherbivore losses associated with community biomass restructuring. Science 2023; 380:1076-1080. [PMID: 37289876 DOI: 10.1126/science.add8366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fossil abundance data can reveal ecological dynamics underpinning taxonomic declines. Using fossil dental metrics, we reconstructed body mass and mass-abundance distributions in Late Miocene to recent African large mammal communities. Despite collection biases, fossil and extant mass-abundance distributions are highly similar, with unimodal distributions likely reflecting savanna environments. Above 45 kilograms, abundance decreases exponentially with mass, with slopes close to -0.75, as predicted by metabolic scaling. Furthermore, communities before ~4 million years ago had considerably more large-sized individuals, with a greater proportion of total biomass allocated in larger size categories, than did later communities. Over time, individuals and biomass were redistributed into smaller size categories, reflecting a gradual loss of large-sized individuals from the fossil record paralleling the long-term decline of Plio-Pleistocene large mammal diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faysal Bibi
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Juan L Cantalapiedra
- GloCEE-Global Change Ecology and Evolution Research Group, Department of Life Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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71
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Blanco-Gavaldà C, Galbany-Casals M, Susanna A, Andrés-Sánchez S, Bayer RJ, Brochmann C, Cron GV, Bergh NG, Garcia-Jacas N, Gizaw A, Kandziora M, Kolář F, López-Alvarado J, Leliaert F, Letsara R, Moreyra LD, Razafimandimbison SG, Schmickl R, Roquet C. Repeatedly Northwards and Upwards: Southern African Grasslands Fuel the Colonization of the African Sky Islands in Helichrysum (Compositae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12112213. [PMID: 37299192 DOI: 10.3390/plants12112213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Afromontane and Afroalpine areas constitute some of the main biodiversity hotspots of Africa. They are particularly rich in plant endemics, but the biogeographic origins and evolutionary processes leading to this outstanding diversity are poorly understood. We performed phylogenomic and biogeographic analyses of one of the most species-rich plant genera in these mountains, Helichrysum (Compositae-Gnaphalieae). Most previous studies have focused on Afroalpine elements of Eurasian origin, and the southern African origin of Helichrysum provides an interesting counterexample. We obtained a comprehensive nuclear dataset from 304 species (≈50% of the genus) using target-enrichment with the Compositae1061 probe set. Summary-coalescent and concatenation approaches combined with paralog recovery yielded congruent, well-resolved phylogenies. Ancestral range estimations revealed that Helichrysum originated in arid southern Africa, whereas the southern African grasslands were the source of most lineages that dispersed within and outside Africa. Colonization of the tropical Afromontane and Afroalpine areas occurred repeatedly throughout the Miocene-Pliocene. This timing coincides with mountain uplift and the onset of glacial cycles, which together may have facilitated both speciation and intermountain gene flow, contributing to the evolution of the Afroalpine flora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carme Blanco-Gavaldà
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants-Associated Unit to CSIC by IBB, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Mercè Galbany-Casals
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants-Associated Unit to CSIC by IBB, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Alfonso Susanna
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Pg. Migdia s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Santiago Andrés-Sánchez
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology and Plant DNA Biobank, DNA National Bank, University of Salamanca, Edificio I+D+i, Espejo St., ES-37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Randall J Bayer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Center for Biodiversity, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Christian Brochmann
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Glynis V Cron
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Johannesburg 2050, South Africa
| | - Nicola G Bergh
- Foundational Biodiversity Science, Kirstenbosch Research Centre, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Private Bag X7, Newlands, Cape Town 7735, South Africa
| | - Núria Garcia-Jacas
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Pg. Migdia s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abel Gizaw
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1172, NO-0318 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Plant Biology and Biodiversity Management, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 3434, Ethiopia
| | - Martha Kandziora
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Kolář
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Javier López-Alvarado
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants-Associated Unit to CSIC by IBB, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Rokiman Letsara
- Herbarium of the Parc Botanique et Zoologique of Tsimbazaza (PBZT), Antananarivo 3G9G+V6C, Madagascar
| | - Lucía D Moreyra
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona (IBB), CSIC-Ajuntament de Barcelona, Pg. Migdia s/n, ES-08038 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Roswitha Schmickl
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Prague, Czech Republic
- Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, CZ-25243 Průhonice, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Roquet
- Systematics and Evolution of Vascular Plants-Associated Unit to CSIC by IBB, Department of Animal Biology, Plant Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona, ES-08193 Bellaterra, Spain
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Denk T, Bouchal JM, Güner HT, Coiro M, Butzmann R, Pigg KB, Tiffney BH. Cenozoic migration of a desert plant lineage across the North Atlantic. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:2668-2684. [PMID: 36651063 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Previous paleobotanical work concluded that Paleogene elements of the sclerophyllous subhumid vegetation of western Eurasia and western North America were endemic to these disjunct regions, suggesting that the southern areas of the Holarctic flora were isolated at that time. Consequently, molecular studies invoked either parallel adaptation to dry climates from related ancestors, or long-distance dispersal in explaining disjunctions between the two regions, dismissing the contemporaneous migration of dry-adapted lineages via land bridges as unlikely. We report Vauquelinia (Rosaceae), currently endemic to western North America, in Cenozoic strata of western Eurasia. Revision of North American fossils previously assigned to Vauquelinia confirmed a single fossil-species of Vauquelinia and one of its close relative Kageneckia. We established taxonomic relationships of fossil-taxa using diagnostic character combinations shared with modern species and constructed a time-calibrated phylogeny. The fossil record suggests that Vauquelinia, currently endemic to arid and subdesert environments, originated under seasonally arid climates in the Eocene of western North America and subsequently crossed the Paleogene North Atlantic land bridge (NALB) to Europe. This pattern is replicated by other sclerophyllous, dry-adapted and warmth-loving plants, suggesting that several of these taxa potentially crossed the North Atlantic via the NALB during Eocene times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Denk
- Department of Palaeobiology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, 10405, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johannes M Bouchal
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Tuncay Güner
- Department of Forest Botany, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, 34473 Bahçeköy, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mario Coiro
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Ronin Institute for Independent Scholarship, Montclair, NJ, 07043-2314, USA
| | - Rainer Butzmann
- Independent Researcher, Fuggerstraße 8, 81373, Munich, Germany
| | - Kathleen B Pigg
- School of Life Sciences and Biodiversity Knowledge Integration Center, Arizona State University, Box 874501, Tempe, AZ, 85287-4501, USA
| | - Bruce H Tiffney
- Department of Earth Science and College of Creative Studies, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
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Shao BY, Wang MZ, Chen SS, Ya JD, Jin XH. Habitat-related plastome evolution in the mycoheterotrophic Neottia listeroides complex (Orchidaceae, Neottieae). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:282. [PMID: 37244988 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04302-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mycoheterotrophs, acquiring organic carbon and other nutrients from mycorrhizal fungi, have evolved repeatedly with substantial plastid genome (plastome) variations. To date, the fine-scale evolution of mycoheterotrophic plastomes at the intraspecific level is not well-characterized. A few studies have revealed unexpected plastome divergence among species complex members, possibly driven by various biotic/abiotic factors. To illustrate evolutionary mechanisms underlying such divergence, we analyzed plastome features and molecular evolution of 15 plastomes of Neottia listeroides complex from different forest habitats. RESULTS These 15 samples of Neottia listeroides complex split into three clades according to their habitats approximately 6 million years ago: Pine Clade, including ten samples from pine-broadleaf mixed forests, Fir Clade, including four samples from alpine fir forests and Fir-willow Clade with one sample. Compared with those of Pine Clade members, plastomes of Fir Clade members show smaller size and higher substitution rates. Plastome size, substitution rates, loss and retention of plastid-encoded genes are clade-specific. We propose to recognized six species in N. listeroides complex and slightly modify the path of plastome degradation. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics and discrepancy of closely related mycoheterotrophic orchid lineages at a high phylogenetic resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing-Yi Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mo-Zhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Si-Si Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Dong Ya
- Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanhei Road 132, Heilongtan, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao-Hua Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Siqueira AC, Yan HF, Morais RA, Bellwood DR. The evolution of fast-growing coral reef fishes. Nature 2023:10.1038/s41586-023-06070-z. [PMID: 37198484 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Individual growth is a fundamental life history trait1-4, yet its macroevolutionary trajectories have rarely been investigated for entire animal assemblages. Here we analyse the evolution of growth in a highly diverse vertebrate assemblage-coral reef fishes. We combine state-of-the-art extreme gradient boosted regression trees with phylogenetic comparative methods to detect the timing, number, location and magnitude of shifts in the adaptive regime of somatic growth. We also explored the evolution of the allometric relationship between body size and growth. Our results show that the evolution of fast growth trajectories in reef fishes has been considerably more common than the evolution of slow growth trajectories. Many reef fish lineages shifted towards faster growth and smaller body size evolutionary optima in the Eocene (56-33.9 million years ago), pointing to a major expansion of life history strategies in this Epoch. Of all lineages examined, the small-bodied, high-turnover cryptobenthic fishes shifted most towards extremely high growth optima, even after accounting for body size allometry. These results suggest that the high global temperatures of the Eocene5 and subsequent habitat reconfigurations6 might have been critical for the rise and retention of the highly productive, high-turnover fish faunas that characterize modern coral reef ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre C Siqueira
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Helen F Yan
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Renato A Morais
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- Paris Sciences et Lettres Université, École Pratique des Hautes Études, EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Perpignan, France
| | - David R Bellwood
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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Chen Q, Chen L, Teixeira da Silva JA, Yu X. The plastome reveals new insights into the evolutionary and domestication history of peonies in East Asia. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 23:243. [PMID: 37150831 PMCID: PMC10165817 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUD Paeonia holds considerable value in medicinal, ornamental horticultural, and edible oil industries, but the incomplete state of phylogenetic research in this genus poses a challenge to the effective conservation and development of wild germplasm, and also impedes the practical utilization of existing cultivars. Due to its uniparental inheritance and lack of recombination, the plastome (i.e., plastid genome), which is a valuable molecular marker for phylogenetic analyses, is characterized by an appropriate rate of nucleotide evolution. METHODS In this study, 10 newly assembled data and available reported data were combined to perform a comparative genomics and phylogenetics analysis of 63 plastomes of 16 Paeonia species, primarily from East Asia, which is the origin and diversity center of Paeonia. RESULTS Ranging between 152,153 and 154,405 bp, most plastomes displayed a conserved structure and relatively low nucleotide diversity, except for six plastomes, which showed obvious IR construction or expansion. A total of 111 genes were annotated in the Paeonia plastomes. Four genes (rpl22, rps3, rps19 and ycf1) showed different copy numbers among accessions while five genes (rpl36, petN, psbI, rpl33 and psbJ) showed strong codon usage biases (ENC < 35). Additional selection analysis revealed that no genes were under positive selection during the domestication of tree peony cultivars whereas four core photosynthesis-related genes (petA, psaA, psaB and rbcL) were under positive selection in herbaceous peony cultivars. This discovery might contribute to the wide adaption of these cultivars. Two types of molecular markers (SSR and SNP) were generated from the 63 plastomes. Even though SSR was more diverse than SNP, it had a weaker ability to delimit Paeonia species than SNP. The reconstruction of a phylogenetic backbone of Paeonia in East Asia revealed significant genetic divergence within the P. ostii groups. Evidence also indicated that the majority of P. suffruticosa cultivars had a maternal origin, from P. ostii. The results of this research also suggest that P. delavayi var. lutea, which likely resulted from hybridization with P. ludlowii, should be classified as a lineage within the broader P. delavayi group. CONCLUSIONS Overall, this study's research findings suggest that the Paeonia plastome is highly informative for phylogenetic and comparative genomic analyses, and could be useful in future research related to taxonomy, evolution, and domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qihang Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Le Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China
| | | | - Xiaonan Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Beijing, 100083, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Villafaña JA, Rivadeneira MM, Pimiento C, Kriwet J. Diversification trajectories and paleobiogeography of Neogene chondrichthyans from Europe. PALEOBIOLOGY 2023; 49:329-341. [PMID: 37564372 PMCID: PMC7614935 DOI: 10.1017/pab.2022.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Despite the rich fossil record of Neogene chondrichthyans (chimaeras, sharks, rays, and skates) from Europe, little is known about the macroevolutionary processes that generated their current diversity and geographical distribution. We compiled 4368 Neogene occurrences comprising 102 genera, 41 families, and 12 orders from four European regions (Atlantic, Mediterranean, North Sea, and Paratethys) and evaluated their diversification trajectories and paleobiogeographic patterns. In all regions analyzed, we found that generic richness increased during the early Miocene, then decreased sharply during the middle Miocene in the Paratethys, and moderately during the late Miocene and Pliocene in the Mediterranean and North Seas. Origination rates display the most significant pulses in the early Miocene in all regions. Extinction rate pulses varied across regions, with the Paratethys displaying the most significant pulses during the late Miocene and the Mediterranean and North Seas during the late Miocene and early Pliocene. Overall, up to 27% and 56% of the European Neogene genera are now globally and regionally extinct, respectively. The observed pulses of origination and extinction in the different regions coincide with warming and cooling events that occurred during the Neogene globally and regionally. Our study reveals complex diversity dynamics of Neogene chondrichthyans from Europe and their distinct biogeographic composition despite the multiple marine passages that connected the different marine regions during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Villafaña
- Vienna Doctoral School of Ecology and Evolution, Vienna, Austria; Centro de Investigación en Recursos Naturales y Sustentabilidad, Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins, Avenida Viel 1497, 8370993 Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo M Rivadeneira
- Laboratorio de Paleobiología, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Áridas (CEAZA), Avenida Bernardo Ossandón 877, 1781681, Coquimbo, Chile; Departamento de Biología Marina, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo 1281, Coquimbo, Chile; Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, Avenida Raul Bitrán 1305, La Serena, Chile
| | - Catalina Pimiento
- Paleontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, CH-8006 Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Biosciences, Swansea University, Swansea SA28PP, United Kingdom; Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Balboa, Panama
| | - Jürgen Kriwet
- Department of Palaeontology, University of Vienna, Althanstraβe 14, Geocenter, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Zhang G, Hu Y, Huang MZ, Huang WC, Liu DK, Zhang D, Hu H, Downing JL, Liu ZJ, Ma H. Comprehensive phylogenetic analyses of Orchidaceae using nuclear genes and evolutionary insights into epiphytism. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 65:1204-1225. [PMID: 36738233 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Orchidaceae (with >28,000 orchid species) are one of the two largest plant families, with economically and ecologically important species, and occupy global and diverse niches with primary distribution in rainforests. Among orchids, 70% grow on other plants as epiphytes; epiphytes contribute up to ~50% of the plant diversity in rainforests and provide food and shelter for diverse animals and microbes, thereby contributing to the health of these ecosystems. Orchids account for over two-thirds of vascular epiphytes and provide an excellent model for studying evolution of epiphytism. Extensive phylogenetic studies of Orchidaceae and subgroups have ;been crucial for understanding relationships among many orchid lineages, although some uncertainties remain. For example, in the largest subfamily Epidendroideae with nearly all epiphytic orchids, relationships among some tribes and many subtribes are still controversial, hampering evolutionary analyses of epiphytism. Here we obtained 1,450 low-copy nuclear genes from 610 orchid species, including 431 with newly generated transcriptomes, and used them for the reconstruction of robust Orchidaceae phylogenetic trees with highly supported placements of tribes and subtribes. We also provide generally well-supported phylogenetic placements of 131 genera and 437 species that were not sampled by previous plastid and nuclear phylogenomic studies. Molecular clock analyses estimated the Orchidaceae origin at ~132 million years ago (Ma) and divergences of most subtribes from 52 to 29 Ma. Character reconstruction supports at least 14 parallel origins of epiphytism; one such origin was placed at the most recent common ancestor of ~95% of epiphytic orchids and linked to modern rainforests. Ten occurrences of rapid increase in the diversification rate were detected within Epidendroideae near and after the K-Pg boundary, contributing to ~80% of the Orchidaceae diversity. This study provides a robust and the largest family-wide Orchidaceae nuclear phylogenetic tree thus far and new insights into the evolution of epiphytism in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojin Zhang
- Department of Biology, 510 Mueller Laboratory, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Biology, 510 Mueller Laboratory, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
| | - Ming-Zhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Wei-Chang Huang
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Songjiang, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Ding-Kun Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Diyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Haihua Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Jason L Downing
- Fairchild Tropical Botanic Garden, Coral Gables, Florida, 33156, USA
| | - Zhong-Jian Liu
- Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration for Orchid Conservation and Utilization at College of Landscape Architecture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, 510 Mueller Laboratory, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA
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Crichton KA, Wilson JD, Ridgwell A, Boscolo-Galazzo F, John EH, Wade BS, Pearson PN. What the geological past can tell us about the future of the ocean's twilight zone. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2376. [PMID: 37105972 PMCID: PMC10140295 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37781-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Paleontological reconstructions of plankton community structure during warm periods of the Cenozoic (last 66 million years) reveal that deep-dwelling 'twilight zone' (200-1000 m) plankton were less abundant and diverse, and lived much closer to the surface, than in colder, more recent climates. We suggest that this is a consequence of temperature's role in controlling the rate that sinking organic matter is broken down and metabolized by bacteria, a process that occurs faster at warmer temperatures. In a warmer ocean, a smaller fraction of organic matter reaches the ocean interior, affecting food supply and dissolved oxygen availability at depth. Using an Earth system model that has been evaluated against paleo observations, we illustrate how anthropogenic warming may impact future carbon cycling and twilight zone ecology. Our findings suggest that significant changes are already underway, and without strong emissions mitigation, widespread ecological disruption in the twilight zone is likely by 2100, with effects spanning millennia thereafter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Crichton
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
- Now at Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
| | - Jamie D Wilson
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Department of Earth, Ocean and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andy Ridgwell
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Flavia Boscolo-Galazzo
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Now at MARUM, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Eleanor H John
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Bridget S Wade
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Paul N Pearson
- School of Earth and Environmental Science, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Schwartz E, Nenning KH, Heuer K, Jeffery N, Bertrand OC, Toro R, Kasprian G, Prayer D, Langs G. Evolution of cortical geometry and its link to function, behaviour and ecology. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2252. [PMID: 37080952 PMCID: PMC10119184 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37574-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in comparative neuroanatomy and of the fossil record demonstrate the influence of socio-ecological niches on the morphology of the cerebral cortex, but have led to oftentimes conflicting theories about its evolution. Here, we study the relationship between the shape of the cerebral cortex and the topography of its function. We establish a joint geometric representation of the cerebral cortices of ninety species of extant Euarchontoglires, including commonly used experimental model organisms. We show that variability in surface geometry relates to species' ecology and behaviour, independent of overall brain size. Notably, ancestral shape reconstruction of the cortical surface and its change during evolution enables us to trace the evolutionary history of localised cortical expansions, modal segregation of brain function, and their association to behaviour and cognition. We find that individual cortical regions follow different sequences of area increase during evolutionary adaptations to dynamic socio-ecological niches. Anatomical correlates of this sequence of events are still observable in extant species, and relate to their current behaviour and ecology. We decompose the deep evolutionary history of the shape of the human cortical surface into spatially and temporally conscribed components with highly interpretable functional associations, highlighting the importance of considering the evolutionary history of cortical regions when studying their anatomy and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernst Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl-Heinz Nenning
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA
| | - Katja Heuer
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité de Neuroanatomie Appliquée et Théorique, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Nathan Jeffery
- Institute of Life Course & Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Ornella C Bertrand
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Edifici ICTA-ICP, c/ Columnes s/n, Campus de la UAB, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès., Barcelona, Spain
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Grant Institute, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH9 3FE, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Toro
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Unité de Neuroanatomie Appliquée et Théorique, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Langs
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Computational Imaging Research Lab, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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80
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Jin CS, Xu D, Li M, Hu P, Jiang Z, Liu J, Miao Y, Wu F, Liang W, Zhang Q, Su B, Liu Q, Zhang R, Sun J. Tectonic and orbital forcing of the South Asian monsoon in central Tibet during the late Oligocene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2214558120. [PMID: 37011203 PMCID: PMC10104490 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2214558120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The modern pattern of the Asian monsoon is thought to have formed around the Oligocene/Miocene transition and is generally attributed to Himalaya-Tibetan Plateau (H-TP) uplift. However, the timing of the ancient Asian monsoon over the TP and its response to astronomical forcing and TP uplift remains poorly known because of the paucity of well-dated high-resolution geological records from the TP interior. Here, we present a precession-scale cyclostratigraphic sedimentary section of 27.32 to 23.24 million years ago (Ma) during the late Oligocene epoch from the Nima Basin to show that the South Asian monsoon (SAM) had already advanced to the central TP (32°N) at least by 27.3 Ma, which is indicated by cyclic arid-humid fluctuations based on environmental magnetism proxies. A shift of lithology and astronomically orbital periods and amplified amplitude of proxy measurements as well as a hydroclimate transition around 25.8 Ma suggest that the SAM intensified at ~25.8 Ma and that the TP reached a paleoelevation threshold for enhancing the coupling between the uplifted plateau and the SAM. Orbital short eccentricity-paced precipitation variability is argued to be mainly driven by orbital eccentricity-modulated low-latitude summer insolation rather than glacial-interglacial Antarctic ice sheet fluctuations. The monsoon data from the TP interior provide key evidence to link the greatly enhanced tropical SAM at 25.8 Ma with TP uplift rather than global climate change and suggest that SAM's northward expansion to the boreal subtropics was dominated by a combination of tectonic and astronomical forcing at multiple timescales in the late Oligocene epoch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Sheng Jin
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Deke Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Mingsong Li
- School of Earth and Space Sciences,Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Pengxiang Hu
- Research School of Earth Sciences, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
| | - Zhaoxia Jiang
- College of Marine Geosciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
| | - Jianxing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Yunfa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuli Wu
- Key Laboratory of Continental Collision and Plateau uplift, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Wentian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Continental Dynamics, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bai Su
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
- Innovation Academy for Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
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81
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Setty S, Cramwinckel MJ, van Nes EH, van de Leemput IA, Dijkstra HA, Lourens LJ, Scheffer M, Sluijs A. Loss of Earth system resilience during early Eocene transient global warming events. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade5466. [PMID: 37027462 PMCID: PMC10081840 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade5466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Superimposed on long-term late Paleocene-early Eocene warming (~59 to 52 million years ago), Earth's climate experienced a series of abrupt perturbations, characterized by massive carbon input into the ocean-atmosphere system and global warming. Here, we examine the three most punctuated events of this period, the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum and Eocene Thermal Maximum 2 and 3, to probe whether they were initiated by climate-driven carbon cycle tipping points. Specifically, we analyze the dynamics of climate and carbon cycle indicators acquired from marine sediments to detect changes in Earth system resilience and to identify positive feedbacks. Our analyses suggest a loss of Earth system resilience toward all three events. Moreover, dynamic convergent cross mapping reveals intensifying coupling between the carbon cycle and climate during the long-term warming trend, supporting increasingly dominant climate forcing of carbon cycle dynamics during the Early Eocene Climatic Optimum when these recurrent global warming events became more frequent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Setty
- Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Margot J. Cramwinckel
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Egbert H. van Nes
- Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Ingrid A. van de Leemput
- Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Henk A. Dijkstra
- Institute for Marine and Atmospheric research Utrecht, Department of Physics, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
- Centre for Complex Systems Studies, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 5, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Lucas J Lourens
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marten Scheffer
- Department of Environmental Science, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3a, 6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Appy Sluijs
- Department of Earth Sciences, Faculty of Geoscience, Utrecht University, Princetonlaan 8a, 3584 CB Utrecht, Netherlands
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82
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Yu J, Niu Y, You Y, Cox CJ, Barrett RL, Trias-Blasi A, Guo J, Wen J, Lu L, Chen Z. Integrated phylogenomic analyses unveil reticulate evolution in Parthenocissus (Vitaceae), highlighting speciation dynamics in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:888-903. [PMID: 36305244 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization caused by frequent environmental changes can lead both to species diversification (speciation) and to speciation reversal (despeciation), but the latter has rarely been demonstrated. Parthenocissus, a genus with its trifoliolate lineage in the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountains (HHM) region showing perplexing phylogenetic relationships, provides an opportunity for investigating speciation dynamics based on integrated evidence. We investigated phylogenetic discordance and reticulate evolution in Parthenocissus based on rigorous analyses of plastome and transcriptome data. We focused on reticulations in the trifoliolate lineage in the HHM region using a population-level genome resequencing dataset, incorporating evidence from morphology, distribution, and elevation. Comprehensive analyses confirmed multiple introgressions within Parthenocissus in a robust temporal-spatial framework. Around the HHM region, at least three hybridization hot spots were identified, one of which showed evidence of ongoing speciation reversal. We present a solid case study using an integrative methodological approach to investigate reticulate evolutionary history and its underlying mechanisms in plants. It demonstrates an example of speciation reversal through frequent hybridizations in the HHM region, which provides new perspectives on speciation dynamics in mountainous areas with strong topographic and environmental heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinren Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanting Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- China National Botanical Garden, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Yichen You
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Cymon J Cox
- Centro de Ciências do Mar, Universidade do Algarve, Gambelas, Faro, 8005-319, Portugal
| | - Russell L Barrett
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Botanic Garden, Locked Bag 6002, Mount Annan, 2567, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Jing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Engineering, Institute of Plant Biology, Center of Evolutionary Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jun Wen
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, MRC-166, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, 20013-7012, USA
| | - Limin Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - Zhiduan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China
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83
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Huang L, Li S, Huang W, Xiang H, Jin J, Oskolski AA. Glacial expansion of cold-tolerant species in low latitudes: megafossil evidence and species distribution modelling. Natl Sci Rev 2023; 10:nwad038. [PMID: 36960221 PMCID: PMC10029839 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fossil wood of Chinese white pine (Pinus armandii Franch.) from the Late Pleistocene deposits of Maoming Basin of South China provides the first megafossil evidence for glacial expansion of the range of a cold-tolerant species in low latitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luliang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
- State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Shufeng Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Weiye Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | - Helanlin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Resources, School of Life Sciences/School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, China
| | | | - Alexei A Oskolski
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, South Africa
- Botanical Museum, Komarov Botanical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Russia
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84
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Bagniewski W, Rousseau DD, Ghil M. The PaleoJump database for abrupt transitions in past climates. Sci Rep 2023; 13:4472. [PMID: 36934110 PMCID: PMC10024733 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30592-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Tipping points (TPs) in Earth's climate system have been the subject of increasing interest and concern in recent years, given the risk that anthropogenic forcing could cause abrupt, potentially irreversible, climate transitions. Paleoclimate records are essential for identifying past TPs and for gaining a thorough understanding of the underlying nonlinearities and bifurcation mechanisms. However, the quality, resolution, and reliability of these records can vary, making it important to carefully select the ones that provide the most accurate representation of past climates. Moreover, as paleoclimate time series vary in their origin, time spans, and periodicities, an objective, automated methodology is crucial for identifying and comparing TPs. To address these challenges, we introduce the open-source PaleoJump database, which contains a collection of carefully selected, high-resolution records originating in ice cores, marine sediments, speleothems, terrestrial records, and lake sediments. These records describe climate variability on centennial, millennial and longer time scales and cover all the continents and ocean basins. We provide an overview of their spatial distribution and discuss the gaps in coverage. Our statistical methodology includes an augmented Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Recurrence Quantification Analysis; it is applied here, for illustration purposes, to selected records in which abrupt transitions are automatically detected and the presence of potential tipping elements is investigated. These transitions are shown in the PaleoJump database along with other essential information about the records, including location, temporal scale and resolution, as well as temporal plots. This open-source database represents, therefore, a valuable resource for researchers investigating TPs in past climates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Witold Bagniewski
- Department of Geosciences and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (CNRS and IPSL), École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France.
| | - Denis-Didier Rousseau
- Geosciences Montpellier, CNRS, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institute of Physics - CSE, Division of Geochronology and Environmental Isotopes, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Michael Ghil
- Department of Geosciences and Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (CNRS and IPSL), École Normale Supérieure, PSL University, Paris, France
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
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85
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Jiangzuo Q, Flynn JJ, Wang S, Hou S, Deng T. New Fossil Giant Panda Relatives (Ailuropodinae, Ursidae): A Basal Lineage of Gigantic Mio-Pliocene Cursorial Carnivores. AMERICAN MUSEUM NOVITATES 2023. [DOI: 10.1206/3996.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qigao Jiangzuo
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - John J. Flynn
- Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York
| | - Shiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Sukuan Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
| | - Tao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
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86
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Samuels JX, Calede JJM, Hunt, Jr. RM. The earliest dipodomyine heteromyid in North America and the phylogenetic relationships of geomorph rodents. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14693. [PMID: 36915658 PMCID: PMC10007967 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipodomyine heteromyids (kangaroo rats and mice) are a diverse group of arid-adapted ricochetal rodents of North America. Here, a new genus and species of a large dipodomyine is reported from early Miocene-aged deposits of the John Day Formation in Oregon that represents the earliest record of the subfamily. The taxon is known from a single specimen consisting of a nearly complete skull, dentary, partial pes, and caudal vertebra. The specimen is characterized by a mosaic of ancestral and highly derived cranial features of heteromyids. Specifically, the dental morphology and some cranial characteristics are similar to early heteromyids, but other aspects of morphology, including the exceptionally inflated auditory bullae, are more similar to known dipodomyines. This specimen was included in a phylogenetic analysis comprising 96 characters and the broadest sampling of living and extinct geomorph rodents of any morphological phylogenetic analysis to date. Results support the monophyly of crown-group Heteromyidae exclusive of Geomyidae and place the new taxon within Dipodomyinae. The new heteromyid is the largest known member of the family. Analyses suggest that large body size evolved several times within Heteromyidae. Overall, the morphology of the new heteromyid supports a mosaic evolution of the open-habitat adaptations that characterize kangaroo rats and mice, with the inflation of the auditory bulla appearing early in the group, and bipedality/ricochetal locomotion appearing later. We hypothesize that cooling and drying conditions in the late Oligocene and early Miocene favored adaptations for life in more open habitats, resulting in increased locomotor specialization in this lineage over time from a terrestrial ancestor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua X. Samuels
- Department of Geosciences, Don Sundquist Center of Excellence in Paleontology, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States of America
| | - Jonathan J.-M. Calede
- Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, Ohio State University—Marion, Marion, OH, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Hunt, Jr.
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska—Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
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87
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Chandra K, Spicer RA, Shukla A, Spicer T, Mehrotra RC, Singh AK. Paleogene Ficus leaves from India and their implications for fig evolution and diversification. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2023; 110:1-21. [PMID: 36821420 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE Ficus is a scientifically and economically important genus with abundant fossil records from the Paleocene to Pleistocene, but with an intriguing early evolutionary history that remains unresolved. Here, the foliage of three well-preserved figs is described from the early Paleogene succession of the Gurha mine, Rajasthan, India. These fossils provide new morphological data that strengthens our understanding of the past occurrences of Ficus and, alongside all validly published records of fossil figs, helps to trace the evolutionary history of figs. METHODS Fossils were identified and described by comparison with their closest modern analogs using the Nearest Living Relative (NLR) technique. Validated fig records are listed and categorized into six geological time frames. Modern precipitation data for the current distributions of NLRs were downloaded from the Climatic Research Unit Timeseries. RESULTS Fossil leaves assigned to three new species Ficus paleodicranostyla, F. paleovariegata, and F. paleoauriculata closely resemble their modern analogs based on leaf morphology. Reliable fossil records were used to hypothesize historical fig distributions and paleodispersal pathways. Precipitation data suggest higher precipitations at the fossil locality during the early Paleogene than at present. CONCLUSIONS The fossils described herein supplement fig fossil records known from other regions indicating that figs were widely diverse across low latitudes by the early Paleogene. These data support a Eurasian origin for figs, highlight a pivotal role for the Indian subcontinent during the early phase of fig diversification, and depict a perhumid-to-humid climate with high rainfall concordant with paleoclimate evidence from the Gurha mine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajal Chandra
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, India
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
| | - R A Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Anumeha Shukla
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Teresa Spicer
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla, 666303, China
| | - R C Mehrotra
- Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, 53 University Road, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226007, India
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88
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Guinot G, Condamine FL. Global impact and selectivity of the Cretaceous-Paleogene mass extinction among sharks, skates, and rays. Science 2023; 379:802-806. [PMID: 36821692 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn2080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The Cretaceous-Paleogene event was the last mass extinction event, yet its impact and long-term effects on species-level marine vertebrate diversity remain largely uncharacterized. We quantified elasmobranch (sharks, skates, and rays) speciation, extinction, and ecological change resulting from the end-Cretaceous event using >3200 fossil occurrences and 675 species spanning the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene interval at global scale. Elasmobranchs declined by >62% at the Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary and did not fully recover in the Paleocene. The end-Cretaceous event triggered a heterogeneous pattern of extinction, with rays and durophagous species reaching the highest levels of extinction (>72%) and sharks and nondurophagous species being less affected. Taxa with large geographic ranges and/or those restricted to high-latitude settings show higher survival. The Cretaceous-Paleogene event drastically altered the evolutionary history of marine ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Guinot
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Fabien L Condamine
- Institut des Sciences de l'Évolution de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, IRD, EPHE, Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier, France
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89
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Ringelberg JJ, Koenen EJ, Sauter B, Aebli A, Rando JG, Iganci JR, de Queiroz LP, Murphy DJ, Gaudeul M, Bruneau A, Luckow M, Lewis GP, Miller JT, Simon MF, Jordão LS, Morales M, Bailey CD, Nageswara-Rao M, Nicholls JA, Loiseau O, Pennington RT, Dexter KG, Zimmermann NE, Hughes CE. Precipitation is the main axis of tropical plant phylogenetic turnover across space and time. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eade4954. [PMID: 36800419 PMCID: PMC10957106 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade4954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Early natural historians-Comte de Buffon, von Humboldt, and De Candolle-established environment and geography as two principal axes determining the distribution of groups of organisms, laying the foundations for biogeography over the subsequent 200 years, yet the relative importance of these two axes remains unresolved. Leveraging phylogenomic and global species distribution data for Mimosoid legumes, a pantropical plant clade of c. 3500 species, we show that the water availability gradient from deserts to rain forests dictates turnover of lineages within continents across the tropics. We demonstrate that 95% of speciation occurs within a precipitation niche, showing profound phylogenetic niche conservatism, and that lineage turnover boundaries coincide with isohyets of precipitation. We reveal similar patterns on different continents, implying that evolution and dispersal follow universal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens J. Ringelberg
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erik J. M. Koenen
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Sauter
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anahita Aebli
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Juliana G. Rando
- Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Centro das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia, Rua Prof. José Seabra de Lemos, 316, Bairro Recanto dos Pássaros, 47808-021 Barreiras-BA, Brazil
| | - João R. Iganci
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Campus Universitário Capão do Leão, Travessa André Dreyfus s/n, 96010-900 Capão do Leão-RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500, 91501-970 Porto Alegre-RS, Brazil
| | - Luciano P. de Queiroz
- Departamento Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Avenida Transnordestina s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana-BA, Brazil
| | - Daniel J. Murphy
- Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, Birdwood Ave., Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Myriam Gaudeul
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), MNHN-CNRS-SU-EPHE-UA, 57 rue Cuvier, CP 39, 75231 Paris, Cedex 05, France
| | - Anne Bruneau
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale and Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke St E, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Melissa Luckow
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Plant Biology Section, Cornell University, 215 Garden Avenue, Roberts Hall 260, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Gwilym P. Lewis
- Accelerated Taxonomy Department, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, UK
| | - Joseph T. Miller
- Global Biodiversity Information Facility, Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marcelo F. Simon
- Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, 70770-901 Brasília-DF, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. B. Jordão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, 22460-030 Rua Pacheco Leão-RJ, Brazil
| | - Matías Morales
- Instituto de Recursos Biológicos, CIRN-CNIA, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Hurlingham 1686, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), C1425FQB Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Ciencias Agroalimentarias, Universidad de Morón, B1708JPD Morón, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C. Donovan Bailey
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA
| | - Madhugiri Nageswara-Rao
- United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Subtropical Horticulture Research Station, 13601 Old Cutler Road, Miami, FL 33158, USA
| | - James A. Nicholls
- Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, Clunies Ross Street, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Oriane Loiseau
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - R. Toby Pennington
- Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Laver Building, North Park Road, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Kyle G. Dexter
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Old College, South Bridge, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
- Tropical Diversity Section, Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH3 5LR, UK
| | - Niklaus E. Zimmermann
- Department of Environmental System Science, ETH Zürich, Universitätstrasse 16, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903 Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Colin E. Hughes
- Department of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, University of Zurich, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH 8008 Zurich, Switzerland
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90
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Song Z, Wan S, Colin C, France-Lanord C, Yu Z, Dapoigny A, Jin H, Li M, Zhang J, Zhao D, Shi X, Li A. Enhanced weathering input from South Asia to the Indian Ocean since the late Eocene. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2023; 68:305-313. [PMID: 36690576 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2023.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Enhanced silicate weathering induced by the uplift of the Himalayan-Tibetan Plateau (HTP) has been considered as the major cause of pCO2 decline and Cenozoic cooling. However, this hypothesis remains to be validated, largely due to the lack of a reliable reconstruction of the HTP weathering flux. Here, we present a 37-million-year record of the difference in the seawater radiogenic neodymium isotopic composition (ΔεNd) of Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) sites and Fe-Mn crusts between the northern and central Indian Ocean, which indicates the contribution of regional weathering input from the South Asian continent to the Indian Ocean. The results show a long-term increase in ΔεNd and thus provide the first critical evidence of enhanced South Asian weathering input since the late Eocene. The evolution coincided well with major pulses of surface uplift in the HTP and global climatic transitions. Our foraminiferal εNd record suggests that tectonic uplift and silicate weathering in South Asia, especially in the Himalayas, might have played a significant role in the late Cenozoic cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Song
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris-Saclay (GEOPS), Orsay 91405, France
| | - Shiming Wan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Christophe Colin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris-Saclay (GEOPS), Orsay 91405, France.
| | - Christian France-Lanord
- Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine, Vandoeuvre les Nancy 54501, France
| | - Zhaojie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Arnaud Dapoigny
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette 91191, France
| | - Hualong Jin
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mengjun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Debo Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xuefa Shi
- Laboratory for Marine Geology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266061, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Sedimentology and Environmental Geology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China
| | - Anchun Li
- Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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91
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Burton ZFM, McHargue T, Kremer CH, Bloch RB, Gooley JT, Jaikla C, Harrington J, Graham SA. Peak Cenozoic warmth enabled deep-sea sand deposition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1276. [PMID: 36755039 PMCID: PMC9908870 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27138-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The early Eocene (~ 56-48 million years ago) was marked by peak Cenozoic warmth and sea levels, high CO2, and largely ice-free conditions. This time has been described as a period of increased continental erosion and silicate weathering. However, these conclusions are based largely on geochemical investigation of marine mudstones and carbonates or study of intermontane Laramide basin settings. Here, we evaluate the marine coarse siliciclastic response to early Paleogene hothouse climatic and oceanographic conditions. We compile an inventory of documented sand-rich (turbidite) deep-marine depositional systems, recording 59 instances of early Eocene turbidite systems along nearly all continental margins despite globally-elevated sea levels. Sand-rich systems were widespread on active margins (42 instances), but also on passive margins (17 instances). Along passive margins, 13 of 17 early Eocene systems are associated with known Eocene-age fluvial systems, consistent with a fluvial clastic response to Paleogene warming. We suggest that deep-marine sedimentary basins preserve clastic records of early Eocene climatic extremes. We also suggest that in addition to control by eustasy and tectonism, climate-driven increases in sediment supply (e.g., drainage integration, global rainfall, denudation) may significantly contribute to the global distribution and volume of coarse-grained deep-marine deposition despite high sea level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary F. M. Burton
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Tim McHargue
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Christopher H. Kremer
- grid.40263.330000 0004 1936 9094Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA
| | - Roger B. Bloch
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jared T. Gooley
- grid.2865.90000000121546924U.S. Geological Survey, Alaska Science Center, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA
| | - Chayawan Jaikla
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Jake Harrington
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
| | - Stephan A. Graham
- grid.168010.e0000000419368956Department of Geological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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92
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Fenton IS, Aze T, Farnsworth A, Valdes P, Saupe EE. Origination of the modern-style diversity gradient 15 million years ago. Nature 2023; 614:708-712. [PMID: 36792825 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05712-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is a prevalent feature of modern ecosystems across diverse clades1-4. Recognized for well over a century, the causal mechanisms for LDGs remain disputed, in part because numerous putative drivers simultaneously covary with latitude1,3,5. The past provides the opportunity to disentangle LDG mechanisms because the relationships among biodiversity, latitude and possible causal factors have varied over time6-9. Here we quantify the emergence of the LDG in planktonic foraminifera at high spatiotemporal resolution over the past 40 million years, finding that a modern-style gradient arose only 15 million years ago. Spatial and temporal models suggest that LDGs for planktonic foraminifera may be controlled by the physical structure of the water column. Steepening of the latitudinal temperature gradient over 15 million years ago, associated with an increased vertical temperature gradient at low latitudes, may have enhanced niche partitioning and provided more opportunities for speciation at low latitudes. Supporting this hypothesis, we find that higher rates of low-latitude speciation steepened the diversity gradient, consistent with spatiotemporal patterns of depth partitioning by planktonic foraminifera. Extirpation of species from high latitudes also strengthened the LDG, but this effect tended to be weaker than speciation. Our results provide a step change in understanding the evolution of marine LDGs over long timescales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel S Fenton
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Tracy Aze
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Alexander Farnsworth
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Environment and Resources, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Paul Valdes
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Erin E Saupe
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
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93
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Woodhouse A, Swain A, Fagan WF, Fraass AJ, Lowery CM. Late Cenozoic cooling restructured global marine plankton communities. Nature 2023; 614:713-718. [PMID: 36792824 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05694-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The geographic ranges of marine organisms, including planktonic foraminifera1, diatoms, dinoflagellates2, copepods3 and fish4, are shifting polewards owing to anthropogenic climate change5. However, the extent to which species will move and whether these poleward range shifts represent precursor signals that lead to extinction is unclear6. Understanding the development of marine biodiversity patterns over geological time and the factors that influence them are key to contextualizing these current trends. The fossil record of the macroperforate planktonic foraminifera provides a rich and phylogenetically resolved dataset that provides unique opportunities for understanding marine biogeography dynamics and how species distributions have responded to ancient climate changes. Here we apply a bipartite network approach to quantify group diversity, latitudinal specialization and latitudinal equitability for planktonic foraminifera over the past eight million years using Triton, a recently developed high-resolution global dataset of planktonic foraminiferal occurrences7. The results depict a global, clade-wide shift towards the Equator in ecological and morphological community equitability over the past eight million years in response to temperature changes during the late Cenozoic bipolar ice sheet formation. Collectively, the Triton data indicate the presence of a latitudinal equitability gradient among planktonic foraminiferal functional groups which is coupled to the latitudinal biodiversity gradient only through the geologically recent past (the past two million years). Before this time, latitudinal equitability gradients indicate that higher latitudes promoted community equitability across ecological and morphological groups. Observed range shifts among marine planktonic microorganisms1,2,8 in the recent and geological past suggest substantial poleward expansion of marine communities even under the most conservative future global warming scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Woodhouse
- University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Anshuman Swain
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.,Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Paleobiology, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William F Fagan
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Andrew J Fraass
- School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.,Invertebrate Paleontology, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,School of Earth Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher M Lowery
- University of Texas Institute for Geophysics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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94
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Procheş Ş, Watkeys MK, Ramsay LF, Cowling RM. Why we should be looking for longitudinal patterns in biodiversity. Front Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2023.1032827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of global diversity patterns relies overwhelmingly on ecological and evolutionary correlates of latitude, and largely ignores longitude. However, the two major explanations of biodiversity patterns – energy and stability – are confounded across latitudes, and longitude offers potential solutions. Recent literature shows that the global biogeography of the Cenozoic world is structured by longitudinal barriers. In a few well-studied regions, such as South Africa’s Cape, the Himalayas and the Amazon-Andes continuum, there are strong longitudinal gradients in biodiversity. Often, such gradients occur where high and low past climatic velocities are juxtaposed, and there is clear evidence of higher biodiversity at the climatically-stable end. Understanding longitudinal biodiversity variations more widely can offer new insights towards biodiversity conservation in the face of anthropogenic climatic change.
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95
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Rull V. Taxon Cycles in Neotropical Mangroves. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:244. [PMID: 36678956 PMCID: PMC9864432 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The concept of the taxon cycle involves successive range expansions and contractions over time, through which a species can indefinitely maintain its core distribution. Otherwise, it becomes extinct. Taxon cycles have been defined mostly for tropical island faunas; examples from continental areas are scarce, and similar case studies for plants remain unknown. Most taxon cycles have been identified on the basis of phylogeographic studies, and straightforward empirical evidence from fossils is lacking. Here, empirical fossil evidence is provided for the recurrent Eocene to the present expansion/contraction cycles in a mangrove taxon (Pelliciera) after a Neotropical-wide study of the available pollen records. This recurrent behavior is compatible with the concept of the taxon cycle from biogeographical, chronological and ecological perspectives. The biotic and abiotic drivers potentially involved in the initiation and maintenance of the Pelliciera expansion/contraction cycles are analyzed, and the ecological and evolutionary implications are discussed. Whether this could be a trend toward extinction is considered under the predictions of the taxon cycle theory. The recurrent expansion and contraction cycles identified for Pelliciera have strong potential for being the first empirically and unequivocally documented taxon cycles and likely the only taxon cycles documented to date for plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentí Rull
- Botanic Institute of Barcelona, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Pg. del Migdia s/n, 08038 Barcelona, Spain
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96
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Brodie JF, Mannion PD. The hierarchy of factors predicting the latitudinal diversity gradient. Trends Ecol Evol 2023; 38:15-23. [PMID: 36089412 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The numerous explanations for why Earth's biodiversity is concentrated at low latitudes fail to explain variation in the strength and even direction of the gradient through deep time. Consequently, we do not know if today's gradient is representative of what might be expected on other planets or is merely an idiosyncrasy of Earth's history. We propose a hierarchy of factors driving the latitudinal distribution of diversity: (i) over geologically long time spans, diversity is largely predicted by climate; (ii) when climatic gradients are shallow, diversity tracks habitat area; and (iii) historical contingencies linked to niche conservatism have geologically short-term, transient influence at most. Thus, latitudinal diversity gradients, although variable in strength and direction, are largely predictable on our planet and possibly others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences & Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA; Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94 300 Kota Samarahan, Malaysia.
| | - Philip D Mannion
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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97
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Mantzouka D, Akkemik Ü, Güngör Y. Miocene Cupressinoxylon from Gökçeada (Imbros), Turkey with Protophytobia cambium mining and the study of ecological signals of wood anatomy. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14212. [PMID: 36530400 PMCID: PMC9753763 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Premise The recognition of the Miocene Climate Optimum (MCO) in terrestrial palaeoenvironments of the Eastern Mediterranean is restricted to Lesbos and Lemnos Islands, Greece. This area is significant for its wood microfossils. A recently-discovered fossil wood assemblage from Gökçeada (Imbros) Island, Turkey, including tree species similar to the Greek findings, is thought to have an early Miocene age. Here, we revise the age of the latter plant fossiliferous locality, re-evaluate the area for the study of MCO for the terrestrial palaeoecosystems of the Eastern Mediterranean and the nomenclature errors referring to the occurrence of fossil wood. We present the plant-insect-environment interactions using detailed anatomical descriptions, of an extinct conifer and its extinct cambium miner feeding traces observed in its secondary xylem. Methods Three thin sections were prepared with standard palaeoxylotomical techniques from a small section of the silicified wood; the sections were observed under a light microscope. The anatomy of the conifer and its damage patterns were compared with those of extant and fossil Cupressaceae and Agromyzidae, respectively. Pivotal results The common anatomical features of the studied wood specimen and Hesperocyparis macrocarpa (Hartw.) Bartel and a shared characteristic (the number of the cross-field pits - a feature we consider of diagnostic value) with Xanthocyparis vietnamensis Farjon & T.H. Nguyên led to its assignment to the Hesperocyparis-Xanthocyparis-Callitropsis clade. The detailed study of the wound scars and anatomical abnormalities, the anatomical-environmental associations, and structural-functional reactions follow the identification of the wood's anatomy sensu Carlquist providing decisive results. Conclusions Based on the distinctive characteristics presented, we identify our macrofossil as Cupressinoxylon matromnense Grambast, a stem or an extinct lineage of the Hesperocyparis-Xanthocyparis vietnamensis-Callitropsis nootkatensis clade with feeding traces of the fossil cambium miner of the genus Protophytobia Süss (Diptera: Agromyzidae), and anatomical damage and reaction tissue on adventitious shoots. The use of Protopinaceae and Pinoxylon F. H. Knowlton from the eastern Mediterranean are re-evaluated and corrections are provided. The age of the studied plant fossiliferous locality in Gökçeada is revised as middle Miocene, allowing the proposal of an eastern Mediterranean MCO hotspot, including Lesbos, Lemnos, and Gökçeada (Imbros) Islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Mantzouka
- Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Königsbrücker Landstraße, Senckenberg Nature Research Society, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ünal Akkemik
- Department of Forest Botany, Forestry Faculty, Bahçeköy-Sarıyer, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yıldırım Güngör
- Department of Geology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Avcılar, İstanbul University-Cerrahpasa, İstanbul, Turkey
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98
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Piller WE, Auer G, Graber H, Gross M. Marine facies differentiation along complex paleotopography: an example from the Middle Miocene (Serravallian) of Lower Austria. SWISS JOURNAL OF GEOSCIENCES 2022; 115:25. [PMID: 36524048 PMCID: PMC9742078 DOI: 10.1186/s00015-022-00425-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In the area of Bad Deutsch-Altenburg (Hainburg Mountains, Lower Austria) a Middle Miocene transgression over Mesozoic basement was explored in the course of the Danube power plant project "Hainburg". The Mesozoic basement forms a narrow ridge dipping to the northeast towards the Vienna Basin, covered by various Miocene sediments. The ridge represents a specific paleotopography that required a detailed study with 78 shallow, fully cored drill holes in an area of c. 0.5 km2. Ten drillings were selected for this study based on sedimentary composition and position relative to the Mesozoic ridge. These 10 cores, ranging in drilling depth from 26.5 to 96.4 m, were studied in respect to sedimentology, corallinacean algae, calcareous nannoplankton, foraminifers and ostracodes to reconstruct sediment distribution and paleoenvironment. Sediment distribution clearly shows that the Mesozoic ridge formed a physical barrier with siliciclastics dominating in the SW of the ridge and carbonate sediments prevailing in the NE. Based on biostratigraphy (calcareous nannoplankton, foraminifera, ostracodes, dinoflagellates) the majority of the sediments can be dated to the late Badenian (early Serravallian) only in some drillholes lower Sarmatian (upper Serravallian) sediments were detected. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, the Badenian sediments represent the transgressive and highstand systems tract of 3rd order sequence TB 2.5 (bound by the lowstands Ser 2 and Ser 3), the lower Sarmatian sediments can be correlated to sequence TB 2.6. Carbonate sediments show a wide spectrum of 13 facies which are mostly dominated by coralline algae. According to the relative positions of the drill holes a water depth between 0 and about 50 m can be reconstructed what is supported by the occurrence of the benthic biota. This biota indicates that the sedimentary succession started from the very beginning under full marine conditions. Except of basal conglomerates/breccias water energy conditions were low and turbidity high. Close to the Sarmatian boundary a reduction in salinity and depth may have occurred which is also observed in the Sarmatian sediments. Carbonate sediments and, in particular, larger benthic foraminifers indicate tropical to warm-temperate conditions for the late Badenian of the studied sections. The siliciclastic sediments NW of the Mesozoic ridge reflect riverine input indicated by the occurrence of freshwater ostracodes and characean oogonias. Calcareous nannoplankton and dinoflagellates show a high share of reworking from Upper Cretaceaous and Paleogene sediments. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s00015-022-00425-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werner E. Piller
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Geocenter, Heinrichstraße 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Auer
- Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Graz, NAWI Graz Geocenter, Heinrichstraße 26, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | | | - Martin Gross
- Department for Geology & Palaeontology, Universalmuseum Joanneum, Weinzöttlstraße 16, 8045 Graz, Austria
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99
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Miao Y, Fang X, Sun J, Xiao W, Yang Y, Wang X, Farnsworth A, Huang K, Ren Y, Wu F, Qiao Q, Zhang W, Meng Q, Yan X, Zheng Z, Song C, Utescher T. A new biologic paleoaltimetry indicating Late Miocene rapid uplift of northern Tibet Plateau. Science 2022; 378:1074-1079. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abo2475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The uplift of the Tibet Plateau (TP) during the Miocene is crucial to understanding the evolution of Asian monsoon regimes and alpine biodiversity. However, the northern Tibet Plateau (NTP) remains poorly investigated. We use pollen records of montane conifers (
Tsuga
,
Podocarpus
,
Abies
, and
Picea
) as a new paleoaltimetry to construct two parallel midrange paleoelevation sequences in the NTP at 1332 ± 189 m and 433 ± 189 m, respectively, during the Middle Miocene [~15 million years ago (Ma)]. Both midranges increased rapidly to 3685 ± 87 m in the Late Miocene (~11 Ma) in the east, and to 3589 ± 62 m at ~7 Ma in the west. Our estimated rises in the east and west parts of the NTP during 15 to 7 Ma, together with data from other TP regions, indicate that during the Late Miocene the entire plateau may have reached a high elevation close to that of today, with consequent impacts on atmospheric precipitation and alpine biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfa Miao
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Arid Area Ecological Security and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xiaomin Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jimin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Cenozoic Geology and Environment, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenjiao Xiao
- National Key Laboratory of Arid Area Ecological Security and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Yongheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Arid Area Ecological Security and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xuelian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
- National Key Laboratory of Arid Area Ecological Security and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Alex Farnsworth
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- School of Geographical Sciences and Cabot Institute, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1SS, UK
| | - Kangyou Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Yulong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA and of Gansu Province, Institute of Arid Meteorology, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Fuli Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingqing Qiao
- National Key Laboratory of Arid Area Ecological Security and Sustainable Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
- Xinjiang Research Center for Mineral Resources, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Weilin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Qingquan Meng
- School of Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoli Yan
- School of Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhuo Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519082, China
| | - Chunhui Song
- School of Earth Sciences and Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources in Western China (Gansu Province), Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Torsten Utescher
- Senckenberg Research Institute, Frankfurt am Main, Steinmann Institute, Bonn University, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Modern-like deep water circulation in Indian Ocean caused by Central American Seaway closure. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7561. [PMID: 36476471 PMCID: PMC9729181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35145-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Global overturning circulation underwent significant changes in the late Miocene, driven by tectonic forcing, and impacted the global climate. Prevailing hypotheses related to the late Miocene deep water circulation (DWC) changes driven by the closure of the Central American Seaways (CAS) and its widespread impact remains untested due to the paucity of suitable records away from the CAS region. Here, we test the hypothesis of the large-scale circulation changes by providing a high-resolution record of DWC since the late Miocene (11.3 to ~2 Ma) from the north-western Indian Ocean. Our investigation reveals a progressive shift from Pacific-dominated DWC before ~9.0 Ma to the onset of a modern-like DWC system in the Indian Ocean comprising of Antarctic bottom water and northern component water during the Miocene-Pliocene transition (~6 Ma) caused by progressive shoaling of the CAS and suggests its widespread impact.
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