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Krakower DS, Naja-Riese GM, Edelstein ZR, Gandhi AD, Wahnich A, Fischer MA. Academic Detailing to Increase Prescribing of HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis. Am J Prev Med 2021; 61:S87-S97. [PMID: 34686295 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Although HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis can decrease new cases of HIV by up to 99%, many patients who could benefit from pre-exposure prophylaxis never receive prescriptions for it. Because pre-exposure prophylaxis is indicated for patients who do not have an infectious disease, increasing pre-exposure prophylaxis prescribing by primary care and generalist clinicians represents a key element of the Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. initiative. This review provides an overview of academic detailing and how it is currently being used to increase pre-exposure prophylaxis prescribing. Academic detailing is outreach education that engages with clinicians in 1-to-1 or small group interactions focused on identifying and addressing an individual clinician's needs to increase their use of evidence-based practices. Academic detailing has been proven in multiple previous research studies, and the principles required for successful implementation include interactivity, clinical relevance of content, and focus on defined behavior change objectives. Clinician barriers to pre-exposure prophylaxis prescribing may occur in the domains of knowledge, attitudes, or behavior, and academic detailing has the potential to address all of these areas. State and local health departments have developed academic detailing programs focused on pre-exposure prophylaxis prescribing and other elements of HIV prevention-sometimes describing the approach as public health detailing. Few studies of academic detailing for pre-exposure prophylaxis have been published to date; rigorous evaluation of HIV-specific adaptations and innovations of the approach would represent an important contribution. In the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic, interest in virtual delivery of academic detailing has grown, which could inform efforts to implement academic detailing in rural communities and other underserved areas. Increasing this capacity could make an important contribution to Ending the HIV Epidemic in the U.S. and other HIV prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas S Krakower
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Boston, Massachusetts; The Fenway Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary M Naja-Riese
- San Francisco Department of Public Health, Population Health Division, Center for Learning and Innovation, San Francisco, California
| | - Zoe R Edelstein
- Prevention Program, Bureau of HIV, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York
| | - Anisha D Gandhi
- Prevention Program, Bureau of HIV, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York
| | - Amanda Wahnich
- Prevention Program, Bureau of HIV, New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene, New York, New York
| | - Michael A Fischer
- National Resource Center for Academic Detailing, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Shih C, Pudipeddi R, Uthayakumar A, Washington P. A Local Community-Based Social Network for Mental Health and Well-being (Quokka): Exploratory Feasibility Study. JMIRX MED 2021; 2:e24972. [PMID: 37725541 PMCID: PMC10414255 DOI: 10.2196/24972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing healthy habits and maintaining prolonged behavior changes are often difficult tasks. Mental health is one of the largest health concerns globally, including for college students. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to conduct an exploratory feasibility study of local community-based interventions by developing Quokka, a web platform promoting well-being activity on university campuses. We evaluated the intervention's potential for promotion of local, social, and unfamiliar activities pertaining to healthy habits. METHODS To evaluate this framework's potential for increased participation in healthy habits, we conducted a 6-to-8-week feasibility study via a "challenge" across 4 university campuses with a total of 277 participants. We chose a different well-being theme each week, and we conducted weekly surveys to (1) gauge factors that motivated users to complete or not complete the weekly challenge, (2) identify participation trends, and (3) evaluate the feasibility of the intervention to promote local, social, and novel well-being activities. We tested the hypotheses that Quokka participants would self-report participation in more local activities than remote activities for all challenges (Hypothesis H1), more social activities than individual activities (Hypothesis H2), and new rather than familiar activities (Hypothesis H3). RESULTS After Bonferroni correction using a Clopper-Pearson binomial proportion confidence interval for one test, we found that there was a strong preference for local activities for all challenge themes. Similarly, users significantly preferred group activities over individual activities (P<.001 for most challenge themes). For most challenge themes, there were not enough data to significantly distinguish a preference toward familiar or new activities (P<.001 for a subset of challenge themes in some schools). CONCLUSIONS We find that local community-based well-being interventions such as Quokka can facilitate positive behaviors. We discuss these findings and their implications for the research and design of location-based digital communities for well-being promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ruhi Pudipeddi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Arany Uthayakumar
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Peter Washington
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Suhud U, Allan M. The impact of animosity, brand image, consumer boycott, and product judgment on made-in-China covid-19 vaccination intention. Health Mark Q 2021; 38:150-167. [PMID: 34632969 DOI: 10.1080/07359683.2021.1987010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study measures consumers' intention to receive the Covid-19 vaccine using an international marketing approach. Vaccination intention was tested by analysing animosity, consumer boycott, brand image, and product judgment, which had dropped from the attention of marketing researchers. Data was collected in Malang, in Indonesia. participants were selected using an online convenient sampling method. There were eight hypotheses examined. Data was processed using exploratory factor analysis and structural equation models. The results showed that animosity has positive impact on consumer boycott and a negative impact on brand image. Consumer boycott, brand image, and product judgment was significantly affected vaccination intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usep Suhud
- Faculty of Economics, Universitas Negeri Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mamoon Allan
- Faculty of Archaeology & Tourism, The University of Jordan, Jordan
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Lithopoulos A, Evans WD, Faulkner G, Rhodes RE. Marketing Physical Activity? Exploring the Role of Brand Resonance in Health Promotion. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2021; 26:675-683. [PMID: 34651548 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2021.1989524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Social marketing campaigns promoting moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) may be more successful when associated with strong brands. Little is known regarding how brand constructs such as brand resonance may be related to MVPA and its antecedents (e.g., having a physical activity identity). A better knowledge of these constructs and their relationships can reveal how to strengthen brands to make them more useful for interventions. The purpose of this study was to test a model linking ParticipACTION (a Canadian social marketing organization) brand constructs (brand affective attitude, identification, resonance), MVPA antecedents (behavioral affective attitude, identity), and MVPA. This study used a cross-sectional online survey design with a representative Canadian adult sample of 1,475 people (M age = 49.36; 49.1% female). Path analysis was conducted to test the model. Overall, the model fit the data well, demonstrating positive associations between brand affective attitude and identification, identification and resonance, resonance and both behavioral affective attitude and identity, behavioral affective attitude and both identity and MVPA, and identity and MVPA. The results suggest that building brand resonance is important for linking branding to MVPA variables. Brand management activities designed to target brand affective attitude may be crucial to helping people feel strong resonance with a brand in a way that supports behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Lithopoulos
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
| | - W Douglas Evans
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, United States
| | - Guy Faulkner
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Behavioural Medicine Laboratory, School of Exercise Science, Physical and Health Education, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada
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Pettigrew S, Booth L, Jongenelis MI, Brennan E, Chikritzhs T, Hasking P, Miller P, Hastings G, Wakefield M. A randomized controlled trial of the effectiveness of combinations of 'why to reduce' and 'how to reduce' alcohol harm-reduction communications. Addict Behav 2021; 121:107004. [PMID: 34102583 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2021.107004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alcohol is a major source of harm worldwide. The aim of this study was to experimentally assess the effects of exposing Australian adult drinkers to combinations of 'why to reduce' and 'how to reduce' alcohol harm-reduction messages. METHODS Three online surveys were administered over six weeks: Time 1 at baseline (n = 7,995), Time 2 at three weeks post-baseline (n = 4,588), and Time 3 at six weeks post-baseline (n = 2,687). Participants were randomly assigned to one of eight conditions: (1) a control condition; (2) a 'why to reduce' television advertisement; (3-5) one of three 'how to reduce' messages referring to the following protective behavioral strategies (PBSs): Keep count of your drinks, Decide how many drinks and stick to it, It's okay to say no; and (6-8) the television advertisement combined with each PBS message individually. Intention-to-treat analyses were conducted to determine effects of condition assignment on changes over time in attempts to reduce alcohol consumption and amount of alcohol consumed. RESULTS Participants assigned to the 'TV ad' and 'TV ad + Keep count of your drinks PBS' conditions reported significant increases in attempts to reduce alcohol consumption. Only participants assigned to the 'TV ad + Keep count of your drinks PBS' condition exhibited a significant reduction in alcohol consumed (-0.87 drinks per person per week). CONCLUSIONS Well-executed 'why to reduce' alcohol harm-reduction advertisements can encourage drinkers to attempt to reduce their alcohol consumption. These ads may be effectively supplemented by specific 'how to reduce' messages designed to encourage drinkers to monitor their intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Pettigrew
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW, Australia; National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - Leon Booth
- The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, 1 King St, Newtown, NSW, Australia; School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - Michelle I Jongenelis
- Melbourne Centre for Behaviour Change, Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, University of Melbourne, Barry St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Emily Brennan
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tanya Chikritzhs
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA, Australia.
| | - Penelope Hasking
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Kent St Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Peter Miller
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong Waterfront Campus, VIC, Australia.
| | - Gerard Hastings
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, Stirling University, Stirling, Scotland, UK.
| | - Melanie Wakefield
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Rd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Mishra S, Rishi B. Social marketing applications in public policy programs: key learnings and applications. SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/srj-03-2020-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Marketing tools used in public policy may not be purely commercial but based on non-commercial marketing exchanges also. This paper aims to make a case for the practice of social marketing principles to aid the context of public policy.
Design/methodology/approach
The approach is to draw out the key implementable learnings (KILs) from the analysis of the five public policy initiatives in the USA, India and Sri Lanka. A case situation with the context of child labour policy in India is proposed to use these KILs.
Findings
This paper concludes that the implementation of any policy is a challenging exercise and dependent on a large number of factors. However, KILs derived from successful social marketing programs deal with umbrella campaigns, prevailing socio-cultural environment, bottom-up communication, upstream approach to engage with stakeholders and targeted media advocacy could prove useful when the objective is to induce behaviour change as a part of the policy execution.
Originality/value
This paper evaluates the learnings from social marketing campaigns and their relevance to public policy programs. It also considers a case to demonstrate the application of the concept.
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57
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Tailored notification encouraging examinees with abnormal glucose levels in health checkups to seek medical care. Diabetol Int 2021; 13:262-271. [DOI: 10.1007/s13340-021-00534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tietyen Mullins J, Walters J, Najor J, Mikuška J, Courtney A, Norman-Burgdolf H. Evaluation of a social marketing approach to healthy, home-cooked family meals for low-income mothers of young children. Transl Behav Med 2021; 10:1312-1321. [PMID: 33421080 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cooking is a complex behavior associated with more frequent and nutrient-dense family meals. The Cook Together, Eat Together (CTET) social marketing program used formative, process, and outcome evaluations over a 3-year period to design a program to increase fruit and vegetable intake and frequency of family meals. We used a quasi-experimental, mixed-methods design with a nonequivalent comparison group to evaluate fruit and vegetable intake and family meals. Eight focus groups of mothers in low-income families with young children revealed two predominant behavioral mediators: (i) importance of family time and (ii) desire for children to learn to cook and become self-sufficient adults. Program design was grounded in formative evaluation and organized by the four Ps of social marketing: (i) product-learning to prepare healthy meals while teaching children to cook; (ii) price-lowered by reducing barriers of food cost, kitchen clean-up, meal planning, grocery shopping; (iii) placement-in neighborhood gathering places with a "cooking social"; and (iv) promotion-flyers, newsletters, and social media. Outcome indicators were assessed pre/post intervention with questions from instruments validated for the audience. Significant changes (n = 68, p ≥ .002, Bonferroni adjustment for p = .05, Cohen's d = .50 medium effect size) were found in consumption of fruits and vegetables with an average increase of half cup each per day. CTET participation significantly increased fruits and vegetables served and eaten at family meals. A social marketing approach can help families with young children increase fruit and vegetable consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet Tietyen Mullins
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jackie Walters
- Nutrition Education Programs, Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jean Najor
- Nutrition Education Programs, Kentucky Cooperative Extension Service, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jakub Mikuška
- Department of Family Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Anita Courtney
- Purple Carrots Public Health Nutrition Consulting, Lexington, KY, USA
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Vaughn AE, Hennink-Kaminski H, Moore R, Burney R, Chittams JL, Parker P, Luecking CT, Hales D, Ward DS. Evaluating a child care-based social marketing approach for improving children's diet and physical activity: results from the Healthy Me, Healthy We cluster-randomized controlled trial. Transl Behav Med 2021; 11:775-784. [PMID: 33231679 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Child care-based interventions offer an opportunity to reach children at a young and impressionable age to support healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. Ideally, these interventions engage caregivers, including both childcare providers and parents, in united effort. This study evaluated the impact of the Healthy Me, Healthy We intervention on children's diet quality and physical activity. A sample of 853 three- to four-year-old children from 92 childcare centers were enrolled in this cluster-randomized control trial. Healthy Me, Healthy We was an 8-month, social marketing intervention delivered through childcare that encouraged caregivers (childcare providers and parents) to use practices that supported children's healthy eating and physical activity behaviors. Outcome measures, collected at baseline and post-intervention, assessed children's diet quality, physical activity, and BMI as well as caregivers' feeding and physical activity practices. Generalized Linear Mixed Models were used to assess change from baseline to post-intervention between intervention and control arms. No significant changes were noted in any of the outcome measures except for small improvements in children's sodium intake and select parent practices. Despite the negative findings, this study offers many lessons about the importance and challenges of effective parent engagement which is critical for meaningful changes in children's health behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Heidi Hennink-Kaminski
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Renee Moore
- Biostats Collaboration Core, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Regan Burney
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Jesse L Chittams
- Biostatistics Consulting Unit, Office of Nursing Research, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Courtney T Luecking
- Department of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Derek Hales
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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Goethals L, Barth N, Hupin D, Chapoton B, Guyot J, Celarier T, Roche F, Gallopel-Morvan K, Bongue B. Social Marketing Intervention to Engage Older Adults in Balance Workshops for Fall Prevention: A Multicenter Quasi-Experimental Protocol Study. Front Public Health 2021; 9:614119. [PMID: 34336750 PMCID: PMC8316617 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.614119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Falls affects one of three people after 65 years old, and it can lead to serious consequences. Scientific evidence point out that physical exercise is the most efficient way to prevent falls among older adults. Objective: The main objective of this study is to determine if a social marketing program can increase the attendance rate of people aged 60 and over at group balance workshops. Methods: This quasi-experimental multicenter study is being conducted in three French Regions (Loire, Haute-Loire and Rhône) over a period of 18 months. The Social Marketing Campaign will be done in three ways. Firstly, a Communication Campaign will take place in the two Test Areas but not in the Control Area. Secondly, flyers have been designed to be distributed by local partners. Finally, conferences for older people will be organized in the areas of intervention in order to reach the target audience for the program. The study will include people aged 60 and older who want to participate in the Balance Program. Results: The Crédit Agricole Loire/Haute-Loire Foundation funded the study and the Jean Monnet University of Saint-Etienne reviewed it. The Ethics Committee of the University Teaching Hospital of Saint-Etienne approved and peer-reviewed it on September 6, 2019, under Reference Number IRBN622019/CHUSTE. Conclusion: The results of this first study will demonstrate whether or not social marketing for promoting group balance workshops in the elderly will increase their attendanceship in adapted physical activity sessions, especially those that prevent falls. Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04136938, identifier NCT04136938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Goethals
- Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Chaire Santé des Ainés-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Nathalie Barth
- Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Chaire Santé des Ainés-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Gérontopole AURA, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Hupin
- Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Chaire Santé des Ainés-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Service de Physiologie, Clinique et de l'Exercice, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France.,Department of Medicine, K2, Solna Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Boris Chapoton
- Université Lyon, Université Saint-Étienne, HESPER EA 7425, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jessica Guyot
- Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Chaire Santé des Ainés-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Thomas Celarier
- Chaire Santé des Ainés-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Gérontopole AURA, Saint-Etienne, France.,Service de Gérontologie Clinique, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Frederic Roche
- Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Chaire Santé des Ainés-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Bienvenu Bongue
- Laboratoire SAINBIOSE, U1059 INSERM-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Chaire Santé des Ainés-Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France.,Centre Technique d'Appui et de Formation, Saint-Etienne, France
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Rigby MJ. After the European Global Vaccination Summit-The need for practical policies to boost vaccination delivery to children in Europe. Int J Health Plann Manage 2021; 36:1998-2010. [PMID: 34254365 DOI: 10.1002/hpm.3282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low childhood vaccination rates in Europe continue to cause concern and have triggered much policy study. However, regarding children, making immunisation a stand-alone issue cuts across integrated child health services. Most initiatives, including the 10 Action Points from the 2019 European-hosted Global Vaccination Summit, are all laudable but high level enablement policies. Delivery processes have been ignored, and key stakeholders not involved in discussions. METHODS Reviews of policies, literature and planned actions, leading to identification of further delivery policies needed to facilitate and stimulate practical accomplishments. RESULTS 10 aspects are identified where European coordinated action to develop policies, share evidence and increase standards, would be beneficial. These also fit in with established European Commission strengths, and the incoming Commission's policies and priorities. CONCLUSION The European Commission, Member States and child health stakeholders should pursue a holistic approach, taking immunisation as a component of integrated child health. Service delivery should be compatible with modern societal challenges and related parenting patterns, and public health processes modernised and reinvigorated. Nursing and societal stakeholders should be brought in, and fit-for-purpose digital support facilitated. This is even more urgent following the diversion of the Covid-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Rigby
- School of Social, Political and Global Studies, Keele University, Keele, UK.,School of Primary, Community and Social Care, Keele University, Keele, UK
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62
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Midstream Players Determine Population-Level Behavior Change: Social Marketing Research to Increase Demand for Lead-Free Components in Pitcher Pumps in Madagascar. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18147297. [PMID: 34299747 PMCID: PMC8306871 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18147297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) exposure through water contamination is an important issue at the intersection of public health and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Behavior-change programs designed to address this pressing problem rarely take a behavioral-science-informed approach, nor do they consider the role of intermediate players who often influence and support behavior change. Social marketing segments the population and focuses on the consumer/user throughout program development and implementation. To illustrate the social marketing process, this cross-sectional, qualitative design study investigates the use of Pb in the construction and maintenance of household pitcher pumps for potable water in Madagascar. A sample of 18 technicians were interviewed on their current practices, motivators, barriers, and communication channels for knowledge exchange. The results reveal the importance of peers, those considered experts or "market mavens", and the need for information on the dangers of Pb as an outdated practice for any future intervention. This study advances the notion of a design shift within engineering WASH projects, whereby social/behavioral approaches are used to consider the needs, concerns, and current behaviors of the consumer. We also advocate for engaging intermediate players who often influence behavior change in the rollout of an engineering innovation.
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Larocca V, Arbour-Nicitopoulos KP, Tomasone JR, Latimer-Cheung AE, Bassett-Gunter RL. Developing and Disseminating Physical Activity Messages Targeting Parents: A Systematic Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:7046. [PMID: 34280983 PMCID: PMC8297273 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) messages have demonstrated success in targeting parent support for PA. However, little research exists to inform the development and dissemination of optimally effective PA messages targeting parents. A synthesis of existing literature is necessary to inform message development and dissemination strategies. Unique considerations for parents of children with disabilities (CWD) should be identified given a need for inclusive PA messaging that consider the needs of CWD and their families. METHODS Systematic scoping methodologies included a peer-reviewed literature search and expert consultation to identify literature regarding PA messages targeting parents, and considerations for parents of CWD. RESULTS Thirty-four articles that met eligibility criteria were included for examination. Twenty-eight studies were identified regarding the PA messages targeting parents; six themes and 12 subthemes emerged from these articles. Six studies were identified regarding unique considerations for parents of CWD; three themes and four subthemes emerged from these articles. CONCLUSIONS Through knowledge synthesis, this research can contribute to a knowledge translation process to inform practice guidelines for the development and dissemination of PA messages targeting parents, while also providing unique considerations for PA messages targeting parents of CWD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Larocca
- School of Kinesiology & Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | | | - Jennifer R. Tomasone
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (J.R.T.); (A.E.L.-C.)
| | - Amy E. Latimer-Cheung
- School of Kinesiology and Health Studies, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada; (J.R.T.); (A.E.L.-C.)
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Smith J, Clemens T, Macpherson A, Pike I. Public Response on Social Media to a Social Marketing Campaign for Influencing Attitudes towards Boating Safety. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18126504. [PMID: 34208734 PMCID: PMC8296422 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18126504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this research paper is to assess the response on Facebook to a social marketing campaign for recreational boating safety. The campaign ran for the 2018 and 2019 boating seasons in British Columbia, Canada. Messages related to boating safety were delivered in multi-media formats, including ten Facebook posts. All public comments on the campaign Facebook page in response to the ads were included in the analysis. Comments were reviewed for tone and subject; those that related directly to the campaign or boating safety-related topics, such as alcohol use or enforcement, were labeled positive, negative or neutral in tone. Metrics such as likes and shares were also noted. The overall engagement rate (defined as engagements over people reached) was 4.1%. The posts were liked >7000 times and received 901 shares. A total of 219 comments were analysed. Almost half of the comments were positive (n = 106, 48.4%). Fifty comments were off-topic (22.8%), 45 were neutral (20.5%) and 18 were negative (8.2%). The majority of comments were positive, indicating that the campaign performed as planned and was generally well received by the people for whom it was intended. Comments illuminated prevailing attitudes towards risks, injuries and safety practices related to recreational boating. Positive comments valued safety as an aspect of having a pleasant experience, rather than a barrier. Negative comments were about perceiving reduced fun of boating, rather than objecting to the campaign itself. As a component of a multi-media social marketing strategy, Facebook can be a source of instant feedback from the campaign audience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Smith
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Correspondence:
| | - Tessa Clemens
- Drowning Prevention Research Centre, Toronto, ON M2J 1P8, Canada;
| | - Alison Macpherson
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada;
| | - Ian Pike
- BC Injury Research and Prevention Unit, BC Children’s Hospital, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada;
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3V4, Canada
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Bounthavong M, Lau MK, Kay CL, Wells DL, Popish SJ, Harvey MA, Himstreet JE, Grana A, Freeman BA, Morillo CM, Christopher MLD. Impact of Implementing an Academic Detailing Program on Opioid-Benzodiazepine Co-Prescribing Trends at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. PAIN MEDICINE 2021; 22:1426-1434. [PMID: 33749779 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnaa475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the process and outcomes of academic detailing to enhance the Opioid Safety Initiative and the Psychotropic Drug Safety Initiative to reduce co-prescribing of opioid-benzodiazepine combinations in veterans. METHODS A retrospective cohort design was conducted to evaluate the impact of implementing an academic detailing program on opioid-benzodiazepine co-prescribing between October 2014 through March 2019 at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The primary outcome was the monthly prevalence of veterans (number per 1,000 population) who were co-prescribed opioid-benzodiazepine combination. Process measure was evaluated using implementation reach (proportion of providers who received academic detailing). Station-level analysis was performed using a linear fixed effects regression model to evaluate the rate of change in the prevalence of veterans co-prescribed opioid-benzodiazepine. RESULTS Altogether 130 VA stations was included for analysis; 119 stations implemented opioid-related or benzodiazepine-related academic detailing, and 11 stations did not. Stations that had implemented academic detailing had a 33% greater monthly reduction on the opioid-benzodiazepine co-prescribing prevalence compared to stations that did not implement academic detailing (P = .036). In the linear fixed effects regression model, stations that were expected to have 100% of providers exposed to academic detailing were statistically associated with a greater decrease in the monthly prevalence of Veterans co-prescribed opioid-benzodiazepine by 4.9 veterans per 1,000 population (P < .001) compared to stations with 0% of providers exposed to academic detailing. CONCLUSIONS Stations that implemented academic detailing and had a higher proportion of providers who were exposed to opioid- or benzodiazepine-related academic detailing had a significant decrease in the monthly prevalence of Veterans co-prescribed opioid-benzodiazepine combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Bounthavong
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Health Economics Resource Center, Menlo Park, California, USA.,U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Center for Innovation to Implementation, Menlo Park, California, USA.,Division of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Marcos K Lau
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Chad L Kay
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Daina L Wells
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sarah J Popish
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Michael A Harvey
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Julianne E Himstreet
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Andrea Grana
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Blake A Freeman
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Christina M Morillo
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Melissa L D Christopher
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Pharmacy Benefits Management (PBM) Academic Detailing Service, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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Matkovic J, Clemens KS, Faasse K, Geers AL. Handwashing Message Type Predicts Behavioral Intentions in the United States at the Beginning of the Global COVID-19 Pandemic. Front Public Health 2021; 9:583491. [PMID: 34026698 PMCID: PMC8131518 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.583491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Handwashing has been widely recommended to reduce the spread of COVID-19. Despite this, handwashing behavior remains low in the general public. Social marketing has been employed as a successful health promotion strategy for changing many health behaviors in the past. The present study examines if message framing influences the effectiveness of a handwashing health promotion messages at the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic. In a between-subjects cross-sectional experiment, participants (N = 344) in the United States were randomly assigned to view one of four handwashing messages or a control message before completing self-report measures of attitudes, emotions, readiness to change, and behavioral intentions around handwashing. Simple handwashing messages were presented with different framings, including a simple exchange message, a gain message, a social norm appeal, and a guilt appeal. Results revealed that message type influenced handwashing behavioral intentions and emotions. Post-hoc comparisons revealed that the simple exchange message produced significantly higher intentions than other messages and that only the simple exchange message significantly differed from the control message on emotions regarding handwashing. Mediational analyses showed handwashing emotions fully mediated the relationship between messaging and handwashing intentions. This mediation effect was moderated by age, such that it occurred for the younger and middle age participants, but not older participants. These results suggest that even simple, brief, and easily conveyable messages can positively impact behavioral intentions around handwashing during the early stages of a health crisis. Consistent with recent research comparing affective and cognitive pathways for health behavior, the mediational analysis suggests that effect of the simple exchange message on intentions was due to increased positive emotions around handwashing.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Matkovic
- School of Population Health, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Kelly S Clemens
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
| | - Kate Faasse
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew L Geers
- Department of Psychology, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, United States
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Goedel WC, Sutten Coats C, Sowemimo-Coker G, Moitra E, Murphy MJ, van den Berg JJ, Chan PA, Nunn AS. Gay and Bisexual Men's Recommendations for Effective Digital Social Marketing Campaigns to Enhance HIV Prevention and Care Continuity. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:1619-1625. [PMID: 33231845 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03078-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Because use of geosocial-networking smartphone applications ('apps') is ubiquitous among men who have sex with men (MSM), online-to-offline service models that include advertisements on these apps may improve engagement with effective HIV prevention and treatment services. Through our formative qualitative study, we conducted individual in-depth interviews (n = 30) and focus group discussions (n = 18) with MSM in Rhode Island to develop a digital social marketing campaign aimed at increasing HIV testing, including how best to reach men by advertising on apps. Qualitative data analysis revealed that participants were frequently exposed to pop-up advertisements on apps. These advertisements are viewed as invasive and, as such, many expressed a preference for other formats (e.g., direct messages, banner advertisements). Men expressed a preference for provocative images and phrases to catch their attention followed with fact-driven messaging to motivate them to engage with services offline. Findings from this study offer several practical recommendations for developing a social marketing campaign that uses advertisements on apps to increase HIV testing among MSM, including using formats other than pop-up advertisements and pairing fact-driven messaging with eye-catching images to direct them to trusted local clinical services.
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Toledo G, McQuoid J, Ling PM. "It's Not Too Aggressive": Key Features of Social Branding Anti-Tobacco Interventions for High-Risk Young Adults. Health Promot Pract 2021; 22:423-432. [PMID: 32111139 PMCID: PMC7483222 DOI: 10.1177/1524839920910372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. Peer crowd-targeted campaigns are a novel approach to engage high-risk young adults in tobacco use prevention and cessation. We elicited the perspectives of young adult key informants to understand how and why two social branding interventions were effective: (1) "COMMUNE," designed for "Hipsters" as a movement of artists and musicians against Big Tobacco, and (2) "HAVOC," designed for "Partiers" as an exclusive, smoke-free clubbing experience. Design. Qualitative study (27 semistructured qualitative phone interviews). Setting. Intervention events held in bars in multiple U.S. cities. Participants: Twenty-seven key informants involved in COMMUNE or HAVOC as organizers (e.g., musicians, event coordinators) or event attendees. Measures. We conducted semistructured, in-depth interviews. Participants described intervention events and features that worked or did not work well. Analysis. We used an inductive-deductive approach to thematically code interview transcripts, integrating concepts from intervention design literature and emergent themes. Results: Participants emphasized the importance of fun, interactive, social environments that encouraged a sense of belonging. Anti-tobacco messaging was subtle and nonjudgmental and resonated with their interests, values, and aesthetics. Young adults who represented the intervention were admired and influential among peers, and intervention promotional materials encouraged brand recognition and social status. Conclusion. Anti-tobacco interventions for high-risk young adults should encourage fun experiences; resonate with their interests, values, and aesthetics; and use subtle, nonjudgmental messaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Toledo
- Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Julia McQuoid
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Pamela M. Ling
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Evaluation of doctors’ assessment of healthy lifestyle: cross-sectional study. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim. To study the factors of doctors’ assessment of their lifestyle as a healthy one, as well as their readiness to take practical measures for health maintenance.
Materials and methods. 167 doctors representing all macro regions of Ukraine were interviewed: the levels of awareness of myths about NCDs, locus of control and readiness to take practical measures aimed at health maintenance were determined. The main acting forces were determined by factor analysis. Cluster analysis was performed on the basis of the obtained factors using hierarchical (Ward’s method) and non-hierarchical (k-means method) clustering methods.
Results. The following concepts were assessed: Myths about NCDs (11 factors, 3 elements, 4 clusters), locus of control (12 factors, 3 elements, 4 clusters), factors influencing health behavior (12 factors, 3 elements, 4 clusters), readiness to take practical measures aimed at health maintenance (22 factors, 4 elements, 2 clusters). Factors that positively and negatively affect a person's assessment of the lifestyle as a healthy one were identified.
Conclusions. The selected subgroups (clusters) of respondents are a simple and effective method of building a better understanding of the target audience of campaigns to promote healthy lifestyles, which after proper clarification, verification and development of a reliable measurement tool can be used to create targeted messages for each population group after a proper clarification and verification
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Doustmohammadian A, Bazhan M. Social marketing-based interventions to promote healthy nutrition behaviors: a systematic review protocol. Syst Rev 2021; 10:75. [PMID: 33706797 PMCID: PMC7971101 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01625-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly increasing worldwide and constitute one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity. Improving population diets can play an important role in preventing and managing the diseases. Effective and efficient interventions are needed to promote healthy eating behaviors among people. The objective of this review will be to evaluate the effectiveness of social marketing-based interventions to promote healthy nutrition behaviors. METHOD The following electronic databases will be searched from January 1990 onwards: PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, and CENTRAL. We will include randomized and non-randomized trials, quasi-experimental studies, observational studies (e.g., cohort, cross-sectional, and before and after studies) evaluating the social marketing-based intervention. The primary outcomes will be nutritional behaviors. Secondary outcomes will include the quality of life, nutritional status, and weight status. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles, and abstract data. The study methodological quality (or bias) will be appraised using an appropriate tool. If feasible, we will conduct random-effects meta-analysis. Additional analyses will be conducted to explore the potential sources of heterogeneity (e.g., age, sex, and socio-economic condition). DISCUSSION This study will summarize the evidence regarding the interventions' components, implementation methods, and effectiveness of interventions based on the social marketing framework to promote healthy nutrition behaviors. This review can provide policymakers with the information needed to make decisions and plan to promote healthy eating behaviors and understand the factors influencing the implementation of these programs. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION CRD42020163972.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Doustmohammadian
- Gastrointestinal and liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Bazhan
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, #7, Arghavan St, Farahzadi Blvd, Shahrak Gharb, Tehran, Iran
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71
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Inwani I, Chhun N, Agot K, Cleland CM, Rao SO, Nduati R, Kinuthia J, Kurth AE. Preferred HIV Testing Modalities Among Adolescent Girls and Young Women in Kenya. J Adolesc Health 2021; 68:497-507. [PMID: 32792256 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To improve testing coverage, it is imperative to determine adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) preferences about HIV testing modality and where they prefer receiving services. METHODS Participants were enrolled between May 2017 and April 2018 from three sites in Homa Bay County, Nyanza region, western Kenya. We explored two recruitment approaches (home-based vs. mobile-event based) and three HIV testing options (oral self-test, staff-administered, or referral to health facility). Exact logistic regression compared yield of newly diagnosed HIV and high-risk HIV-negatives from the recruitment and testing option strategies. RESULTS A total of 1,198 participants were enrolled, 1,046 (87.3%) at home and 152 (12.7%) at mobile events. Most participants (928, 77.5%) chose staff-aided testing either at home or at a mobile event; 268 (22.4%) chose self-testing; and only 2 (.2%) chose facility referral. Prevalence of newly diagnosed HIV-positives was 2.7% (32/1,198) and 36.8% (429/1,166) of HIV-negative AGYW were identified as high risk. We identified more newly diagnosed HIV infection among AGYW recruited at mobile events than at home (OR = 3.11; 95% CI: 1.33-6.74; p = .02). High-risk status was related to neither recruitment strategy nor testing modality. Older age was associated with increased odds of selecting an oral self-test (OR = 1.85; 95% CI: 1.06-3.22). CONCLUSIONS More than one-third of AGYW were at elevated risk of HIV infection, and those unaware of their HIV infection were more likely to be identified at a mobile outreach. Though self-testing was not the dominant preferred strategy, self-tests were performed accurately and with high confidence. These findings can help inform efficient identification of undiagnosed HIV infection and high risk for seroconversion among AGYW in similar settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Inwani
- Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nok Chhun
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut
| | - Kawango Agot
- Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Charles M Cleland
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Population Health, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Samwel O Rao
- Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Ruth Nduati
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Kinuthia
- Kenyatta National Hospital, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ann E Kurth
- Yale University School of Nursing, Orange, Connecticut.
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Carins J, Bogomolova S. Co-designing a community-wide approach to encouraging healthier food choices. Appetite 2021; 162:105167. [PMID: 33596438 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This research offers a novel perspective on encouraging healthier food choices through a community-wide approach. Using five co-design workshops with consumers and supermarket staff, and the abductive synthesis of qualitative data, this study uncovered the role of community in encouraging greater food well-being and allied behaviours. The results reveal rather critical consumer views on past paternalistic health promotion campaigns and offer alternative strategies for designing more balanced and holistic programs. Such a holistic approach can ensure more sustained programs, as they aim to achieve broader social, mental and physical health, and economic benefits, not just nutrition outcomes. The research offers practical recommendations on modifying retail marketing space, and the broader community setting, to create an environment where consumers find it easier, convenient, more socially desirable and pleasurable to make healthier choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Carins
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Griffith Business School, Griffith University. 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Svetlana Bogomolova
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, UniSA Business, University of South Australia, GPO Box 2471, Adelaide, 5001, Australia.
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Walter RD, Wiafe S, Oyoyo U, Suprono MS. A Pilot Survey on the Prevalence of Clinical Challenges to Identify and Restore Unknown Dental Implants. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2021; 47:63-67. [PMID: 32068859 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Douglas Walter
- Division of General Dentistry, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, Calif
| | - Seth Wiafe
- Center for Leadership and Health Systems, Loma Linda University School of Public Health, Loma Linda, Calif
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Cherney M, Erdman S, Kuon M, Shupin N, Regis N, Fitzelle-Jones E, Givler K, Baldrige S, Okatch H. Insights into the Slow Uptake of Residential Lead Paint Remediation Funds: A Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020652. [PMID: 33466621 PMCID: PMC7828712 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lead poisoning is a preventable condition that continues to affect thousands of children each year. Given that local governments and municipalities are eligible to apply for federal funds to perform lead remediation in low-income family homes, we sought to understand how lead poisoning knowledge levels may affect the uptake of these funds. We recruited and conducted 28 in-depth, semi-structured interviews with community members from Lancaster County in the state of Pennsylvania in the USA. We audio-recorded and transcribed each interview, and analyzed each transcript for salient themes. The interviewed participants displayed a varying degree of knowledge about lead and lead poisoning. Most of the participants were unaware of the lead paint remediation funds. Participants learned about lead from various sources, such as social media, and personal experiences with lead poisoning appeared to enhance knowledge. Some participants assumed lead poisoning prevention would be addressed by other stakeholders if necessary, including healthcare professionals and landlords. The results of this study suggest that in order to increase the timely uptake of the remediation funds, community-based organizations should design interventions that aim to increase awareness and knowledge about lead poisoning and lead poisoning prevention. These interventions should be tailored for different audiences including community members, healthcare professionals, and landlords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Cherney
- NORC at the University of Chicago, 4350 East West Highway, 8th Floor, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA;
| | - Sarabeth Erdman
- District of Columbia Sustainable Energy Utility (DCSEU), 80 M Street SE, Suite 301, Washington, DC 20003, USA;
| | - Madeline Kuon
- Biology Department & Public Health Program, Franklin and Marshall College, 415 Harrisburg Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA; (M.K.); (N.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Nicholas Shupin
- Biology Department & Public Health Program, Franklin and Marshall College, 415 Harrisburg Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA; (M.K.); (N.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Najeda Regis
- Biology Department & Public Health Program, Franklin and Marshall College, 415 Harrisburg Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA; (M.K.); (N.S.); (N.R.)
| | - Emma Fitzelle-Jones
- School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Kylie Givler
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, 210 South College Ave, Newark, DE 19716, USA;
| | - Susan Baldrige
- Partnership for Public Health, 333 N Arch St, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA;
| | - Harriet Okatch
- Biology Department & Public Health Program, Franklin and Marshall College, 415 Harrisburg Avenue, Lancaster, PA 17603, USA; (M.K.); (N.S.); (N.R.)
- Correspondence:
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Alshaikh M, Maynard SB, Ahmad A. Applying social marketing to evaluate current security education training and awareness programs in organisations. Comput Secur 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cose.2020.102090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Earnshaw VA, Karpyn A. Understanding stigma and food inequity: a conceptual framework to inform research, intervention, and policy. Transl Behav Med 2020; 10:1350-1357. [PMID: 33421077 PMCID: PMC8218858 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/ibaa087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing understanding that stigma associated with poverty, race, nationality, gender, obesity, and other intersecting, socially devalued characteristics is a key social determinant of health that plays a role in food inequities; yet, the processes linking stigma with food inequities are poorly defined. Building on prior conceptual and empirical stigma research in public health, this paper introduces The Stigma and Food Inequity Framework. Supporting empirical evidence for the associations proposed by the framework is reviewed. The framework proposes that stigma is manifested at the structural (e.g., neighborhood infrastructure and targeted marketing) and individual (e.g., internalized stigma and stereotypes) levels. These stigma manifestations are associated with food inequities via a series of mediating mechanisms, including access to resources, the home food environment, and psychosocial and behavioral processes, which ultimately undermine healthy food consumption, contribute to food insecurity, and impact diet quality. The framework further proposes that processes linking stigma with food inequities are situated within contexts of history, culture, and human development. Future directions to address stigma and enhance food equity include the value of addressing the broad range of underlying structural stigma manifestations when creating policy to promote food equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A Earnshaw
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Allison Karpyn
- Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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Choi S, Powers TL. COVID-19: Lessons from South Korean pandemic communications strategy. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/20479700.2020.1862997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seongwon Choi
- Department of Health Care Administration, Trinity University, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Thomas L. Powers
- Department of Marketing, Industrial Distribution & Economics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Kennedy AG, Regier L, Fischer MA. Educating community clinicians using principles of academic detailing in an evolving landscape. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2020; 78:80-86. [DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxaa351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda G Kennedy
- Vermont Academic Detailing Program, Larner College of Medicine Office of Primary Care, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT
| | - Loren Regier
- Centre for Effective Practice (CEP) Academic Detailing Service, Toronto, Canada
- RxFiles Academic Detailing Service, College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Michael A Fischer
- National Resource Center for Academic Detailing, Division of Pharmacoepidemiology & Pharmacoeconomics, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Brownson RC, Burke TA, Colditz GA, Samet JM. Reimagining Public Health in the Aftermath of a Pandemic. Am J Public Health 2020; 110:1605-1610. [PMID: 32816552 PMCID: PMC7542265 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2020.305861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unprecedented challenge for society, affecting those already subject to unacceptable health inequalities and resulting in vast economic impacts. The pandemic reminds everyone of the value and necessity of public health.In the context of an era that will be shaped by COVID-19, we outline the coming series of challenges and transitions in public health and the needed actions over the next 5 years to reinvent our public health systems. Multiple limitations in current US and global public health systems have been uncovered by the pandemic, including insufficient preparedness and surveillance capabilities complicated by long-standing and worsening health inequalities and the rapid spread of misinformation that needs to be countered. We foresee 3 phases for public health over the next 5 years: (1) reactive crisis management, (2) efforts to maintain initial gains, and (3) efforts to sustain and enhance progress.A reinvented public health system will depend highly on leadership and political will, rethinking how we categorize and address population-level risk, employing 21st-century data sciences, and applying new communication skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross C Brownson
- Ross C. Brownson is with the Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Ross C. Brownson and Graham A. Colditz are with the Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis. Thomas A. Burke is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Jonathan M. Samet is with the Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Thomas A Burke
- Ross C. Brownson is with the Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Ross C. Brownson and Graham A. Colditz are with the Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis. Thomas A. Burke is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Jonathan M. Samet is with the Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Graham A Colditz
- Ross C. Brownson is with the Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Ross C. Brownson and Graham A. Colditz are with the Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis. Thomas A. Burke is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Jonathan M. Samet is with the Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Ross C. Brownson is with the Prevention Research Center, Brown School, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO. Ross C. Brownson and Graham A. Colditz are with the Department of Surgery and Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis. Thomas A. Burke is with the Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Jonathan M. Samet is with the Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora
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Warmath D, Winterstein AP. A Social-Marketing Intervention and Concussion-Reporting Beliefs. J Athl Train 2020; 55:1035-1045. [DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-242-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Context
Concussion-symptom education remains the primary approach used by athletic trainers to address underreporting of possible sport-related concussions. Social marketing represents an untapped approach to promote concussion reporting by communicating the benefits or consequences of reporting or not reporting, respectively.
Objective
To apply expectancy value theory and identify how marketing the possible consequences of concealing concussion symptoms influenced young adults' concussion-reporting beliefs to increase the likelihood of reporting.
Design
Randomized controlled clinical trial.
Setting
Laboratory.
Patients or Other Participants
A total of 468 competitive collegiate club sport athletes at a large US university who engaged in 1 of 46 sports with various levels of concussion risk.
Intervention(s)
Participants were randomly assigned by team to 1 of 3 conditions. The treatment condition was a social-marketing program focused on the possible consequences of the reporting decision. The control condition was traditional concussion-symptom education based on the National Collegiate Athletic Association's publication, “Concussion: A Fact Sheet for Student-Athletes.” An additional condition mirrored the traditional symptom education but included a less clinical delivery.
Main Outcome Measure(s)
Positive and negative beliefs regarding concussion reporting were assessed. We applied expectancy value theory, which posits that changing beliefs in the short term will produce greater reporting intentions in the long term.
Results
Club sport athletes exposed to consequence-based social marketing showed higher levels of positive reporting beliefs and lower levels of negative reporting beliefs than athletes exposed to traditional or revised symptom education. We observed no differences between the traditional and revised symptom-education programs. Exposure to consequence-based marketing decreased negative beliefs about reporting (B = −0.165, P = .01) and increased positive beliefs about reporting (B = 0.165, P = .01).
Conclusions
Social marketing offers athletic trainers another strategic tool for motivating athletes to report concussion symptoms by translating scientific findings into marketable statements and then communicating the benefits of reporting or the negative consequences of concealing concussion symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dee Warmath
- Department of Financial Planning, Housing, and Consumer Economics, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens
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Learning the Language of Social Media: A Comparison of Engagement Metrics and Social Media Strategies Used by Food and Nutrition-Related Social Media Accounts. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092839. [PMID: 32948033 PMCID: PMC7551727 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Health promoters have been unable to reach and engage people on social media (SM) to the extent that food industry brands and lifestyle personalities have. The objective of this study was to identify the SM post strategies associated with higher engagement in nutrition and food-related posts using a retrospective content analysis. The six most engaging posts from both Facebook and Instagram’s 10 most successful nutrition and food-related accounts were analysed across four fields. Subjective and objective post strategies were coded on 736 posts, and associations with engagement were explored using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). Lifestyle personalities recorded the highest absolute engagement, while health promoters recorded the highest engagement relative to follower count. Strategies associated with higher Facebook engagement included using hashtags and prompting engagement through announcements, while on Instagram, higher engagement was associated with higher caption counts, providing health information links, prompting engagement through strategies that require an action, and using humorous strategies. Strategies associated with lower Instagram engagement included reposted content, general encouragement to eat strategies, encouragement to exercise strategies, not inducing any emotion/hedonic sensations, and providing a negative tone. Health promoters should adapt SM posts to the different SM platforms and utilise strategies associated with higher engagement to engage with their audience on SM.
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82
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Cunningham TR, Tinc PJ, Guerin RJ, Schulte PA. Translation research in occupational health and safety settings: Common ground and future directions. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2020; 74:161-167. [PMID: 32951779 PMCID: PMC8025287 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2020.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Cunningham
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Science Integration, United States.
| | - Pamela J Tinc
- Northeast Center for Occupational Health and Safety: Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, United States
| | - Rebecca J Guerin
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Science Integration, United States
| | - Paul A Schulte
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Science Integration, United States
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83
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Goethals L, Barth N, Hupin D, Mulvey MS, Roche F, Gallopel-Morvan K, Bongue B. Social marketing interventions to promote physical activity among 60 years and older: a systematic review of the literature. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1312. [PMID: 32859180 PMCID: PMC7456007 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falls are a significant source of morbidity in people aged 65 and over, affecting one in three people in this age group. The scientific evidence indicates that physical activity is the most effective method for preventing falls among seniors. Although public health professionals often use social marketing to design and plan successful interventions, its use to promote physical activity and prevent falls among older people remains low. This article aims to provide a new systematic literature review of social marketing interventions promoting physical activity and targeting people aged 60 and over. METHODS Following CRD's guidance and PRISMA guidelines, we searched between January 2008 and July 2019 for relevant articles in five primary databases using predefined search and inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers analysed the selected articles to identify evidence of the seven social marketing benchmark criteria, defined by experts in the field as the common elements that contribute to social marketing success. RESULTS The final review included nine studies. Of the studies selected, three specifically targeted over 60-year-olds, whereas the others segmented the population into several age-based subcategories, including over 60-year-olds. Eight studies highlighted positive results for the participants with an increase in participation or an increase in physical activity level. None of the nine studies selected for this systematic review implemented the entire social marketing approach. CONCLUSION Few published interventions use the seven social marketing criteria. Further research is required to encourage uptake and inclusion in successful social marketing interventions to increase program effectiveness in this target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Goethals
- Laboratoire SNA EPIS EA 4607, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.
| | - Nathalie Barth
- Laboratoire SNA EPIS EA 4607, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,Gerontopole AURA, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Hupin
- Laboratoire SNA EPIS EA 4607, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,Service de physiologie, Clinique et de l'exercice, CHU de Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Michael S Mulvey
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Frederic Roche
- Laboratoire SNA EPIS EA 4607, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France
| | | | - Bienvenu Bongue
- Laboratoire SNA EPIS EA 4607, Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Étienne, France.,Centre Technique d'Appui et de Formation (CETAF), Saint-Étienne, France
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84
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Kitunen A, Carins J, Rundle-Thiele S. Motivating Military Trainee Healthy Eating: Insight from Two Sites. Foods 2020; 9:foods9081053. [PMID: 32759775 PMCID: PMC7466327 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper investigates eating behaviours and motivations of early career military trainees from two pathways (officer cadets and army recruits) to understand whether, and to what extent, healthful eating behaviours were present, and what motivates eating in general and healthful habits specifically. The study also sought to understand whether groups need strategies that are pathway specific or are transferrable across different trainee populations. Participants were recruited via email to complete an online survey and through in-person invitations to ensure a diverse cross section of trainees (n = 195) and recruits (n = 297). Two-step cluster analysis revealed three distinct segments with education, opportunity and motivation being the most important variables within a wider multivariate segment formation and stepwise linear regression was performed to identify the most optimal model with the least number of predictors for each segment. The ideal model for the uninterested segment contained nine predictors, seven predictors for the Breakfast skippers segment and eight predictors for the Weight conscious segment. This study found that there is room for improvement in the eating habits of military trainees across military training pathways. Eating motivations, and their associations with healthful eating habits, indicate a need for strategies that are broader than instilling or reinforcing health motivations. Strategies that can be implemented to support healthful eating for military trainees include provision of food preparation and cooking skills training, coupled with provision of social support and environments that facilitate healthful eating. Furthermore, three distinct segments were discovered within the trainee population, indicating that strategies for positively changing trainees’ eating behaviours may not need to be pathway specific, rather it may be possible to introduce the same group of segmented strategies across both pathways. Future research directions and limitations are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kitunen
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (S.R.-T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-737-357-673
| | - Julia Carins
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (S.R.-T.)
- Food and Nutrition, Land Division, Defence Science and Technology, Scottsdale, TAS 7260, Australia
| | - Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
- Social Marketing @ Griffith, Department of Marketing, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (J.C.); (S.R.-T.)
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85
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Vaughn AE, Bartlett R, Luecking CT, Hennink-Kaminski H, Ward DS. Using a social marketing approach to develop Healthy Me, Healthy We: a nutrition and physical activity intervention in early care and education. Transl Behav Med 2020; 9:669-681. [PMID: 30107586 DOI: 10.1093/tbm/iby082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although social marketing principles have been successfully employed in school-based interventions to prevent obesity, use in early care and education (ECE) settings has been limited. This paper describes the use of the social marketing approach to develop an ECE-based intervention that encourages an ECE provider-parent partnership to improve the quality of preschool children's diets and their level of physical activity. A six-step social marketing approach for public health interventions guided the development of this ECE-based intervention. These steps were as follows: (i) initial planning, (ii) formative research, (iii) strategy development, (iv) program development, (v) implementation, and (vi) monitoring and evaluation. During this process, we reviewed current literature, conducted focus groups with ECE providers and parents, developed a detailed conceptual model and content map, created and tested the campaign concept, and developed final campaign materials along with strategies for its implementation. The final intervention resulting from this process was an 8-month campaign known as Healthy Me, Healthy We. The campaign is delivered by the child care center and includes branded materials for use in the classroom and at home. The final campaign is being evaluated in a cluster-randomized trial. Healthy Me, Healthy We offers an innovative approach to promoting healthy eating and physical activity during early childhood, a key developmental period, that leverages partnership between ECE providers and parents to affect behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber E Vaughn
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rachel Bartlett
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Courtney T Luecking
- Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heidi Hennink-Kaminski
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dianne S Ward
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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86
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Kestler E, Ambrosio G, Hemming K, Hughes JP, Matute J, Moreno M, Madriz S, Walker D. An integrated approach to improve maternal and perinatal outcomes in rural Guatemala: A stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2020; 151:109-116. [PMID: 32524605 DOI: 10.1002/ijgo.13262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the impact of an intervention package on maternal and newborn health indicators. METHODS A randomized stepped-wedge non-blind trial was conducted across six subdistricts within two districts in Guatemala from January 2014 to January 2017. Data on outcomes were collected on all deliveries in all 33 health centers. The intervention package included distribution of promotional materials encouraging health center delivery; education for traditional birth attendants about the importance of health center delivery; and provider capacity building using simulation training. Main outcomes were number of health center deliveries, maternal morbidity, and perinatal morbidity and mortality. RESULTS Overall, there were 24 412 deliveries. Health center deliveries per 1000 live births showed an overall increase, although after adjustment for secular trends and clustering, the relative risk for the treatment effect was not statistically significant (aRR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.97-1.11, P=0.242). Although not statistically significant, maternal morbidity (aRR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.60-1.02; P=0.068) and perinatal morbidity (aRR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.68-1.05; P=0.133) showed a tendency toward a decrease. CONCLUSION The present study represents one of the few randomized evaluations of an integrated approach to improve birth outcomes in a low-income setting. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT0315107.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Kestler
- Epidemiological Research Center in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Guillermo Ambrosio
- Epidemiological Research Center in Sexual and Reproductive Health, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Karla Hemming
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Jorge Matute
- Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición y Salud, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Mario Moreno
- USAID, Guatemala Monitoring and Evaluation Program, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | - Dilys Walker
- University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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87
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Shah HS, Dolwick Grieb SM, Flores-Miller A, Greenbaum A, Castellanos-Aguirre J, Page KR. Sólo Se Vive Una Vez: The Implementation and Reach of an HIV Screening Campaign for Latinx Immigrants. AIDS EDUCATION AND PREVENTION : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR AIDS EDUCATION 2020; 32:229-242. [PMID: 32749875 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2020.32.3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Latinxs in the United States are disproportionately affected by HIV and present with more advanced disease than their non-Latinx peers, due to numerous barriers to care including HIV stigma. We describe the adaptation, implementation, and reach of Sólo Se Vive Una Vez (You Only Live Once), Baltimore's first social marketing campaign promoting HIV screening among Spanish-speaking Latinxs. The 6-month campaign promoted free HIV testing by addressing HIV stigma. The campaign included a website, a social marketing campaign, community outreach events, and advertisements via radio, billboards, local partners, and buses. During the campaign, there were 9,784 unique website users, and ads were served to over 84,592 people on social media platforms. Among Latinx HIV testers at the Baltimore City Health Department, 31.6% reported having seen or heard of Sólo Se Vive Una Vez and 25.3% of Latinx HIV testers reported that the campaign influenced them to get tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harita S Shah
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Alejandra Flores-Miller
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - Kathleen R Page
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Baltimore City Health Department, Baltimore, Maryland
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88
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The Effect of Social Marketing Model on Promoting Nutrition Literacy and Healthy Dietary Behaviors of Women in Sanandaj City: A Mixed-Methods Approach. HEALTH SCOPE 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/jhealthscope.62753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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89
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Waltzman D, Hoffman R, Donnell Z, Bell E, Sarmiento K. US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's HEADS UP Branding and Evaluation Process. HEALTH EDUCATION JOURNAL 2020; 79:180-194. [PMID: 31768074 PMCID: PMC6876128 DOI: 10.1177/0017896919873931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background For 15 years, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) HEADS UP education campaign has focused on increasing awareness of concussion among children to reduce adverse outcomes from this injury. Objective To keep pace with the rapid expansion in media coverage, research, state laws and education efforts on concussion, the CDC embarked on a comprehensive evaluation effort to assess the campaign's brand. Method The CDC conducted a multi-step process to evaluate HEADS UP. This included surveying partner organisations and focus groups targeting key audiences. Results The analysis demonstrated that most (70%) partner organisations have used the materials for 4 years or longer and more than half (51%) found the materials very useful or extremely useful. Focus groups with the campaign's target audiences yielded insights and opportunities to refresh the CDC HEADS UP brand. The need for more compelling images, prevention facts and use of eye-catching colours was signaled by all the campaign's target audiences. Updates focused on the use of data visualisation, more emotionally compelling images, and more engaging colours. The CDC also created a new tagline to focus on concussion prevention that encourages children and young people to think about protecting their brains from concussion so they can have a safer future. Conclusion This paper describes the process used to update the branding of an educational health promotion campaign in order to meet the needs of key audiences. Findings can help others working to keep their educational campaigns relevant and aligned with an expanding and changing public health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Waltzman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention
| | - Rosanne Hoffman
- ICF International, Strategic Communications & Marketing Division, USA
| | - Zoe Donnell
- ICF International, Strategic Communications & Marketing Division, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bell
- ICF International, Strategic Communications & Marketing Division, USA
| | - Kelly Sarmiento
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control, Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention
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90
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Kohlbeck S, Fumo N, Hargarten S. Systems change for suicide prevention among adolescents: a rural Wisconsin county approach. Inj Prev 2020; 27:131-136. [PMID: 32111725 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2019-043525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Suicide is the tenth leading cause of death in Wisconsin. Between the years 2012 and 2016, rural counties in Wisconsin had statistically significantly higher rates of suicide than urban counties. Counties in northern and western Wisconsin have some of the highest rates of suicide, with several counties having rates nearly double the state suicide rate for the same time period. STUDY AIM This study investigates the utility of a systems-level, primary prevention suicide prevention strategy in reducing suicide in a rural Wisconsin county. This project focuses upstream to promote behavioural health resiliency and decrease risk factors for suicide. RESULTS County-level suicide rates decreased over time. Youth Risk Behaviour Survey results demonstrate that the percentage of students in the high school who report that they have an adult in the school to turn to for support increased by 11%. In addition, the number of students reporting a suicide attempt over the past 12 months decreased from 8.4% to 7.2%. Trust among project partners remained above 75% across the three survey timepoints, and the results demonstrated that power became more equally dispersed over time. There was an increase in community knowledge in where to go for help in an emotional crisis. DISCUSSION Systems change to prevent suicide is a complex undertaking but can affect change at the county level. In our study county, we learnt that a strong implementation body (our Partnership Council) and buy-in from key partners is essential in creating change at the systems level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kohlbeck
- Comprehensive Injury Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Nicole Fumo
- Comprehensive Injury Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Stephen Hargarten
- Emergency Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Wauwatosa, Wisconsin, USA
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91
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Wilson AL, Nguyen C, Bogomolova S, Sharp B, Olds T. Analysing how physical activity competes: a cross-disciplinary application of the Duplication of Behaviour Law. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2019; 16:123. [PMID: 31805972 PMCID: PMC6894468 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-019-0847-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the ongoing promotion of physical activity, the rates of physical inactivity remain high. Drawing on established methods of analysing consumer behaviour, this study seeks to understand how physical activity competes for finite time in a day – how Exercise and Sport compete with other everyday behaviours, and how engagement in physical activity is shared across Exercise and Sport activities. As targeted efforts are common in physical activity intervention and promotion, the existence of segmentation is also explored. Methods Time-use recall data (n = 2307 adults) is analysed using the Duplication of Behaviour Law, and tested against expected values, to document what proportion of the population that engage in one activity, also engage in another competing activity. Additionally, a Mean Absolute Deviation approach is used to test for segmentation. Results The Duplication of Behaviour Law is evident for everyday activities, and Exercise and Sport activities – all activities ‘compete’ with each other, and the prevalence of the competing activity determines the extent of competition. However, some activities compete more or less than expected, suggesting the combinations of activities that should be used or avoided in promotion efforts. Competition between everyday activities is predictable, and there are no specific activities that are sacrificed to engage in Exercise and Sport. How people share their physical activity across different Exercise and Sport activities is less predictable – Males and younger people (under 20 years) are more likely to engage in Exercise and Sport, and those who engage in Exercise and Sport are slightly more likely to Work and Study. High competition between Team Sports and Non-Team Sports suggests strong preferences for sports of different varieties. Finally, gender and age-based segmentation does not exist for Exercise and Sport relative to other everyday activities; however, segmentation does exist for Team Sports, Games, Active Play and Dance. Conclusions The Duplication of Behaviour Law demonstrates that population-level patterns of behaviour can yield insight into the competition between different activities, and how engagement in physical activity is shared across different Exercise and Sport activities. Such insights can be used to describe and predict physical activity behaviour and may be used to inform and evaluate promotion and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Wilson
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Cathy Nguyen
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Svetlana Bogomolova
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Byron Sharp
- Ehrenberg-Bass Institute for Marketing Science, Business School, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Timothy Olds
- Alliance for Research in Exercise Nutrition and Activity (ARENA), Sansom Institute, School of Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Bonvecchio Arenas A, González W, Théodore FL, Lozada-Tequeanes AL, Garcia-Guerra A, Alvarado R, Fernández-Gaxiola AC, Rawlinson CJ, de la Vega AV, Neufeld LM. Translating Evidence-Based Program Recommendations into Action: The Design, Testing, and Scaling Up of the Behavior Change Strategy EsIAN in Mexico. J Nutr 2019; 149:2310S-2322S. [PMID: 31793647 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Integrated Strategy for Attention to Nutrition (EsIAN in Spanish) is a national strategy within Mexico's conditional cash transfer program (initially Progresa, then Oportunidades, then Prospera, CCT-POP) designed to strengthen the health and nutrition component, address the nutrition transition, and improve the health and nutritional status of its beneficiaries, through 3 main components: 1) procurement of functioning equipment to primary health care (PHC) units; 2) providing free micronutrient supplements to beneficiary women and children; 3) implementing a behavior change communication (BCC) strategy and a training system for PHC providers (PHCPs). OBJECTIVE We aim to describe the iterative process and evidence-based approach used to design and roll-out the EsIAN at scale, by focusing on the BCC component. METHODS The BCC strategy was developed by following an iterative process through the following phases: situational analysis, formative research and design of the BCC strategy (using the socioecological framework and the social marketing approach), large-scale feasibility study, redesign, and national scale-up. RESULTS The review and formative research revealed several barriers and issues that limited program coverage, utilization, and acceptance. These included misconceptions about pregnancy and infant feeding, nonalignment of practices with international recommendations, and lack of knowledge on nutrition and related topics, among others. These results were used to identify priority behaviors and elaborate key messages for mothers/caregivers and providers to develop the BCC strategy. The feasibility study resulted in significant improvements in PHCPs' knowledge, counseling (breastfeeding, and supplement use and consumption), and caregivers' complementary feeding behaviors, and highlighted several design and delivery aspects that needed strengthening. Based on these findings, the BCC strategy was adapted prior to a national scale-up. CONCLUSIONS The theory-based iterative approach resulted in the identification of specific actions to target, and approaches to do so, as part of the design and roll-out of the BCC strategy at scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Bonvecchio Arenas
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (CINyS), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Wendy González
- Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition (GAIN), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Florence L Théodore
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (CINyS), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Ana Lilia Lozada-Tequeanes
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (CINyS), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Armando Garcia-Guerra
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (CINyS), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Rocio Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (CINyS), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Ana C Fernández-Gaxiola
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (CINyS), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
| | - Cloe J Rawlinson
- Centro de Investigación en Nutrición y Salud (CINyS), Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Mor., México
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93
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Gupta A, Naidu NK, Kakkar R. Role of social marketing in promoting primary care to succeed in current era. J Family Med Prim Care 2019; 8:3086-3089. [PMID: 31742124 PMCID: PMC6857415 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_514_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Social marketing has expanded its purview in the modern era aiming at a behavioral change of target audience on a large scale. Public health practitioners now admit the value of community-based approaches to social change. Three main patterns of health education materials are social marketing communication material, information and education communication (IEC) material, and behavior change communication (BCC) material. Social marketing is a strategy based on marketing principles of selling products. The communication material suggests that the healthcare option for a particular disease is the best solution, and therefore choice or critical thinking is not necessary. IEC strategy attempts at informing people and increasing their knowledge about a disease, having them use it as a basis for action. BCC strategy promotes individual change leading to healthy community behavior. Social marketing communication material for communities should be creative, innovative, original, with clear messages in English and other local languages, reproducible, acceptable, and reflective. Primary care requires customizing health education material using translatable strategies based on social marketing to change health-care patient behavior for wellbeing. The concept of social marketing should be emphasized in early medical education. In the present times, doctors and medical students should be informed about different communication strategies to transform communication material into program tools to achieve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arti Gupta
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Navya Krishna Naidu
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Rakesh Kakkar
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
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94
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Fehring E, Ferguson M, Brown C, Murtha K, Laws C, Cuthbert K, Thompson K, Williams T, Hammond M, Brimblecombe J. Supporting healthy drink choices in remote Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: a community‐led supportive environment approach. Aust N Z J Public Health 2019; 43:551-557. [DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Megan Ferguson
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland
- Menzies School of Health Research, Northern Territory
| | - Clare Brown
- Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Queensland
| | - Kirby Murtha
- Menzies School of Health Research, Northern Territory
| | - Cara Laws
- Apunipima Cape York Health Council, Queensland
| | | | | | | | | | - Julie Brimblecombe
- Menzies School of Health Research, Northern Territory
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria
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95
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Parackal M, Parackal S. A renewed media-mix, based on the dynamic transactional model, for communicating the harms of alcohol to women in New Zealand. Health Promot Int 2019; 34:921-930. [PMID: 30007285 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/day033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Public health messages are traditionally disseminated using mass media that typically are unidirectional or one-way communication. Consequent to the current media proliferation, two-way communication channels are also available for publishing health messages. Though they differ in operation, they co-exist which is explained by the media complementarity theory. This study reports research that identified the sources that women of childbearing age in New Zealand prefer when seeking information concerning alcohol and pregnancy. Service-dominant logic provided a framework for simultaneously examining the media that were fundamentally different. The information sources were formulated into a media-mix based on the theory of dynamic transactional model (DTM). DTM accounted for media complementarity, combining the one-way and two-way communication channels into a unified communication process and is recommended for use in health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew Parackal
- Department of Marketing, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Sherly Parackal
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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96
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Chrisman M, Diaz Rios LK. Evaluating MyPlate After 8 Years: A Perspective. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:899-903. [PMID: 30902427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
MyPlate is the current educational icon that supports communication of US Dietary Guidelines for Americans to the public. Since its inception in 2011, there has been a paucity of research documenting consumer awareness of the icon and its effectiveness for improving Americans' diets. This perspective presents the extent to which MyPlate has been represented in the nutrition education literature and discusses current evaluation and utilization needs. The authors argue that more rigorous, theory-based evaluation of MyPlate, as both a standalone icon and part of educational interventions, is needed to advance communication and adoption of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Chrisman
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO
| | - Lillian Karina Diaz Rios
- Health Sciences Research Institute, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of California Merced, Merced, CA.
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97
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Ting CY, Ismail MB, Ting H, Bahri SB, Sidek AB, Idris SFB, Tan RTH, Abu Seman SSB, Sethiaram MRA, Md Ghazali MHB, Lim QH, Mohd Zaki MSB, Sohot MSB. Consumer behaviour towards pharmaceutical products: a model development. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL AND HEALTHCARE MARKETING 2019. [DOI: 10.1108/ijphm-07-2018-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose
Despite the extant literature on purchasing behaviour, little is known about why and how consumers purchase and use pharmaceutical products in Malaysia. This paper aims to develop a holistic model that articulates the factors underlying pharmaceutical product purchase and use and their relationships.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing upon the grounded theory approach, in-depth interviews and analysis on the basis of theoretical saturation were conducted. Enumerators, trained to perform interviews, the transcription and content analysis, sampled 120 Malaysian consumers in the first phase and 40 in the second. ATLAS.ti was used to assist the coding and analytical process.
Findings
The findings largely support extant literature on purchasing decisions. Particularly, the evaluation of product attributes was found to be an immediate determinant of purchase and use. The effect, in turn, was moderated by personal factors and facilitating conditions. The need for healthcare products and the knowledge about them were constructed as antecedents in the model. The study also highlights that consumers’ purchase and use of pharmaceutical products could be better understood and managed with a holistic view of the decision-making process.
Originality/value
This study proposes the conbe-hepro model to explicate the antecedents and determinants of consumers’ purchase and use of pharmaceutical products in the Malaysian context. It provides a theoretical grounding that enriches our knowledge of the changing behaviour of consumers in healthcare literature. It also yields practical insights to the government bodies and the healthcare providers in Malaysia and other developing countries.
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98
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Ristvedt S, Trinkaus K, Waters E, James A. Threat sensitivity is associated with the healthcare source used most often: doctor's office, emergency room, or none at all. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01685. [PMID: 31193963 PMCID: PMC6545329 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant proportion of American adults do not have a regular source of healthcare and the reasons for this shortfall are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between individual differences in threat sensitivity and healthcare utilization in a survey of 483 African American men. Demographics, psychological characteristics, and health behaviors were assessed. The primary outcomes were: 1) most frequent source of healthcare utilization (doctor's office or clinic vs. emergency room vs. no place), and 2) frequency of healthcare utilization (one or more vs. no healthcare visits in the previous year). Data were analyzed with multivariable logistic regression. Results showed that threat sensitivity, insurance status, and age were associated with the most frequent source of healthcare utilization. Compared to men who most commonly used a doctor's office or clinic, men who tended to use an emergency room had higher levels of threat sensitivity and those with no usual healthcare source had lower levels of threat sensitivity. These findings fit with leading neurobiological theories of personality regarding threat sensitivity. From a pragmatic standpoint, these findings may also lend insight to the tailoring of health marketing messages designed to optimize utilization of healthcare resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Ristvedt
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Kathryn Trinkaus
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Erika Waters
- Surgery - Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
| | - Aimee James
- Surgery - Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, USA
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99
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Collins RL, Wong EC, Breslau J, Burnam MA, Cefalu M, Roth E. Social Marketing of Mental Health Treatment: California's Mental Illness Stigma Reduction Campaign. Am J Public Health 2019; 109:S228-S235. [PMID: 31242016 PMCID: PMC6595511 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2019.305129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. To understand the processes involved in effective social marketing of mental health treatment. Methods. California adults experiencing symptoms of probable mental illness were surveyed in 2014 and 2016 during a major stigma reduction campaign (n = 1954). Cross-sectional associations of campaign exposure with stigma, treatment overall, and 2 stages of treatment seeking (perceiving a need for treatment and use conditional on perceiving a need) were examined in covariate-adjusted multivariable regression models. Results. Campaign exposure predicted treatment use overall (odds ratio [OR] = 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.17, 2.83). Exposure was associated with perceived need for services (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.09, 2.47) but was not significantly associated with treatment use in models conditioned on perceiving a need (OR = 1.52; 95% CI = 0.78, 2.96). Exposure was associated with less stigma, but adjustment for stigma did not affect associations between exposure and either perceived need or treatment use. Conclusions. The California campaign appears to have increased service use by leading more individuals to interpret symptoms of distress as indicating a need for treatment. Social marketing has potential for addressing underuse of mental health services and may benefit from an increased focus on perceived need.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eunice C Wong
- The authors are with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Joshua Breslau
- The authors are with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
| | | | - Matthew Cefalu
- The authors are with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
| | - Elizabeth Roth
- The authors are with the RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, CA
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100
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Community Perspectives on Contraception in the Context of the Zika Virus in the U.S. Virgin Islands: Implications for Communication and Messaging. Womens Health Issues 2019; 29:245-251. [PMID: 30878263 DOI: 10.1016/j.whi.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between January and October 2016, 575 symptomatic confirmed cases of Zika virus infection were reported in the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause serious birth defects. Preventing unintended pregnancy among women who choose to delay or avoid pregnancy is a primary strategy to reduce these adverse outcomes. METHODS A rapid assessment, using one men's and five women's focus groups (N = 43), was conducted to inform communication efforts to increase awareness of contraception as a means for preventing unintended pregnancy in the context of a Zika outbreak in the USVI. RESULTS Findings showed that people of reproductive age were aware of the relationship between Zika virus infection during pregnancy and adverse birth outcomes. However, when discussing methods for prevention, participants did not include preventing unintended pregnancy as a strategy to reduce these adverse outcomes. When asked about family planning in the USVI, participants discussed that, for some, planning pregnancies is not common. Participants wanted communications about contraception to include available methods, side effects, costs, and safety. Optimal communication channels included social media and local spokespersons. Participants identified health care providers as a trusted information source. CONCLUSIONS Findings from this assessment informed the design of a culturally appropriate communication strategy to raise awareness of the prevention of unintended pregnancy as a primary strategy to reduce Zika-related adverse birth outcomes in the USVI.
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