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Torres-Mendoza BMG, Ortiz GG, Sánchez-Romero L, Delgado-Lara DLC, García Martínez MT, Mireles-Ramírez MA, Cruz Serrano JA, Pacheco Moisés FP. Dietary fish oil increases catalase activity in patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:1364-1368. [PMID: 36327127 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the presence of neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that finally result in synaptic and neuronal loss. Oxidative stress accompanies pathological changes in AD. Objective: to assess the efficacy of dietary omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation on the levels of proteins oxidation, hydroperoxides and enzymatic activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase in AD patients. Methods: clinical, controlled, randomized, double-blind trial. Patients consumed fish oil or placebo for one year. Oxidative stress markers were assessed in plasma using spectrophotometric methods. Results: carbonyl groups in proteins and hydroperoxides in plasma have similar values in both treatment groups at the beginning of the study. At six and 12 months of treatment, these values decreased significantly in the fish oil group, while in the placebo group no changes were observed in both oxidative stress markers. Catalase activity increased significantly at six and twelve months after treatment in patients treated with fish oil. While the superoxide dismutase activity was not modified in both study groups. Conclusions: patients who consume omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids at a stable dose of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) show decreased oxidation of proteins and lipids in plasma. In addition, an increase in catalase activity was detected. Thus, the presented data warrants further studies evaluating the antioxidant effect of omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca M G Torres-Mendoza
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Genaro Gabriel Ortiz
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Lorenzo Sánchez-Romero
- Neurosciences Division. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | - Daniela L C Delgado-Lara
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Molecular Biology in Medicine HC. Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Universidad de Guadalajara
| | - María T García Martínez
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería. Universidad de Guadalajara
| | - Mario-Alberto Mireles-Ramírez
- Department of Neurology. High Speciality Medical Unit. Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Occidente (CIBO). Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS)
| | | | - Fermín Paul Pacheco Moisés
- Laboratory of Biochemistry. Department of Chemistry. Centro Universitario de Ciencias Exactas e Ingeniería. Universidad de Guadalajara
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Schoellkopf J, Mueller T, Hippchen L, Mueller T, Reuten R, Backofen R, Orth J, Schmidt G. Genome wide CRISPR screen for Pasteurella multocida toxin (PMT) binding proteins reveals LDL Receptor Related Protein 1 (LRP1) as crucial cellular receptor. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010781. [PMID: 36516199 PMCID: PMC9797058 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PMT is a protein toxin produced by Pasteurella multocida serotypes A and D. As causative agent of atrophic rhinitis in swine, it leads to rapid degradation of the nasal turbinate bone. The toxin acts as a deamidase to modify a crucial glutamine in heterotrimeric G proteins, which results in constitutive activation of the G proteins and permanent stimulation of numerous downstream signaling pathways. Using a lentiviral based genome wide CRISPR knockout screen in combination with a lethal toxin chimera, consisting of full length inactive PMT and the catalytic domain of diphtheria toxin, we identified the LRP1 gene encoding the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-related protein 1 as a critical host factor for PMT function. Loss of LRP1 reduced PMT binding and abolished the cellular response and deamidation of heterotrimeric G proteins, confirming LRP1 to be crucial for PMT uptake. Expression of LRP1 or cluster 4 of LRP1 restored intoxication of the knockout cells. In summary our data demonstrate LRP1 as crucial host entry factor for PMT intoxication by acting as its primary cell surface receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Schoellkopf
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lena Hippchen
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Teresa Mueller
- Bioinformatics—Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Raphael Reuten
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Backofen
- Bioinformatics—Department of Computer Science, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Orth
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Gudula Schmidt
- Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Gu Z, Chen H, Zhao H, Yang W, Song Y, Li X, Wang Y, Du D, Liao H, Pan W, Li X, Gao Y, Han H, Tong Z. New insight into brain disease therapy: nanomedicines-crossing blood-brain barrier and extracellular space for drug delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1618-1635. [PMID: 36285632 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2139369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain diseases including brain tumor, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, etc. are difficult to treat. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a major obstacle for drug delivery into the brain. Although nano-package and receptor-mediated delivery of nanomedicine markedly increases BBB penetration, it yet did not extensively improve clinical cure rate. Recently, brain extracellular space (ECS) and interstitial fluid (ISF) drainage in ECS have been found to determine whether a drug dissolved in ISF can reach its target cells. Notably, an increase in tortuosity of ECS associated with slower ISF drainage induced by the accumulated harmful substances, such as: amyloid-beta (Aβ), α-synuclein, and metabolic wastes, causes drug delivery failure. AREAS COVERED The methods of nano-package and receptor-mediated drug delivery and the penetration efficacy of nanomedicines across BBB and ECS are assessed. EXPERT OPINION Invasive delivering drug via ECS and noninvasive near-infrared photo-sensitive nanomedicines may provide a promising benefit to patients with brain disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Haishu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wanting Yang
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yilan Song
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Du
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Qinhuangdao Municipal No. 1 Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haikang Liao
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xi Li
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yajuan Gao
- Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,NMPA key Laboratory for Evaluation of Medical Imaging Equipment and Technique, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Han
- Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Radiology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Devices and Technology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China.,Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhiqian Tong
- Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Aging, Oujiang Laboratory, School of Mental Health, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Chun H, Kurasawa JH, Olivares P, Marakasova ES, Shestopal SA, Hassink GU, Karnaukhova E, Migliorini M, Obi JO, Smith AK, Wintrode PL, Durai P, Park K, Deredge D, Strickland DK, Sarafanov AG. Characterization of interaction between blood coagulation factor VIII and LRP1 suggests dynamic binding by alternating complex contacts. J Thromb Haemost 2022; 20:2255-2269. [PMID: 35810466 PMCID: PMC9804390 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficiency in blood coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) results in life-threating bleeding (hemophilia A) treated by infusions of FVIII concentrates. To improve disease treatment, FVIII has been modified to increase its plasma half-life, which requires understanding mechanisms of FVIII catabolism. An important catabolic actor is hepatic low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), which also regulates many other clinically significant processes. Previous studies showed complexity of FVIII site for binding LRP1. OBJECTIVES To characterize binding sites between FVIII and LRP1 and suggest a model of the interaction. METHODS A series of recombinant ligand-binding complement-type repeat (CR) fragments of LRP1 including mutated variants was generated in a baculovirus system and tested for FVIII interaction using surface plasmon resonance, tissue culture model, hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry, and in silico. RESULTS Multiple CR doublets within LRP1 clusters II and IV were identified as alternative FVIII-binding sites. These interactions follow the canonical binding mode providing major binding energy, and additional weak interactions are contributed by adjacent CR domains. A representative CR doublet was shown to have multiple contact sites on FVIII. CONCLUSIONS FVIII and LRP1 interact via formation of multiple complex contacts involving both canonical and non-canonical binding combinations. We propose that FVIII-LRP1 interaction occurs via switching such alternative binding combinations in a dynamic mode, and that this mechanism is relevant to other ligand interactions of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family members including LRP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haarin Chun
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - James H. Kurasawa
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
Biologics Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, GaithersburgMarylandUSA
| | - Philip Olivares
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Ekaterina S. Marakasova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
(1) Center for Devices and Radiological Health, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
George Mason University, School of Systems Biology, FairfaxVirginiaUSA
| | - Svetlana A. Shestopal
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Gabriela U. Hassink
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
- Present address:
GSK‐Rockville Center for Vaccines Research, RockvilleMarylandUSA
| | - Elena Karnaukhova
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
| | - Mary Migliorini
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory DiseasesDepartments of Surgery and PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Juliet O. Obi
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Ally K. Smith
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Patrick L. Wintrode
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Prasannavenkatesh Durai
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Keunwan Park
- Natural Product Informatics Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologyGangneungRepublic of Korea
| | - Daniel Deredge
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Maryland School of PharmacyBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Dudley K. Strickland
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory DiseasesDepartments of Surgery and PhysiologyUniversity of Maryland School of MedicineBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Andrey G. Sarafanov
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and ResearchU.S. Food and Drug AdministrationSilver SpringMarylandUSA
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LRP1 is a neuronal receptor for α-synuclein uptake and spread. Mol Neurodegener 2022; 17:57. [PMID: 36056345 PMCID: PMC9438229 DOI: 10.1186/s13024-022-00560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aggregation and spread of α-synuclein (α-Syn) protein and related neuronal toxicity are the key pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD) and Lewy body dementia (LBD). Studies have shown that pathological species of α-Syn and tau can spread in a prion-like manner between neurons, although these two proteins have distinct pathological roles and contribute to different neurodegenerative diseases. It is reported that the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) regulates the spread of tau proteins; however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of α-Syn uptake and spread, and whether it is also regulated by LRP1, remain poorly understood. METHODS We established LRP1 knockout (LRP1-KO) human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) isogenic lines using a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy and generated iPSC-derived neurons (iPSNs) to test the role of LRP1 in α-Syn uptake. We treated the iPSNs with fluorescently labeled α-Syn protein and measured the internalization of α-Syn using flow cytometry. Three forms of α-Syn species were tested: monomers, oligomers, and pre-formed fibrils (PFFs). To examine whether the lysine residues of α-Syn are involved in LRP1-mediated uptake, we capped the amines of lysines on α-Syn with sulfo-NHS acetate and then measured the internalization. We also tested whether the N-terminus of α-Syn is critical for LRP1-mediated internalization. Lastly, we investigated the role of Lrp1 in regulating α-Syn spread with a neuronal Lrp1 conditional knockout (Lrp1-nKO) mouse model. We generated adeno-associated viruses (AAVs) that allowed for distinguishing the α-Syn expression versus spread and injected them into the hippocampus of six-month-old Lrp1-nKO mice and the littermate wild type (WT) controls. The spread of α-Syn was evaluated three months after the injection. RESULTS We found that the uptake of both monomeric and oligomeric α-Syn was significantly reduced in iPSNs with LRP1-KO compared with the WT controls. The uptake of α-Syn PFFs was also inhibited in LRP1-KO iPSNs, albeit to a much lesser extent compared to α-Syn monomers and oligomers. The blocking of lysine residues on α-Syn effectively decreased the uptake of α-Syn in iPSNs and the N-terminus of α-Syn was critical for LRP1-mediated α-Syn uptake. Finally, in the Lrp1-nKO mice, the spread of α-Syn was significantly reduced compared with the WT littermates. CONCLUSIONS We identified LRP1 as a key regulator of α-Syn neuronal uptake, as well as an important mediator of α-Syn spread in the brain. This study provides new knowledge on the physiological and pathological role of LRP1 in α-Syn trafficking and pathology, offering insight for the treatment of synucleinopathies.
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Langlois B, Martin J, Schneider C, Hachet C, Terryn C, Rioult D, Martiny L, Théret L, Salesse S, Dedieu S. LRP-1-dependent control of calpain expression and activity: A new mechanism regulating thyroid carcinoma cell adhesion. Front Oncol 2022; 12:981927. [PMID: 36052226 PMCID: PMC9424861 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.981927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional endocytic receptor mediating the clearance of various molecules from the extracellular matrix. LRP1 also regulates cell surface expression of matrix receptors by modulating both extracellular and intracellular signals, though current knowledge of the underlying mechanisms remains partial in the frame of cancer cells interaction with matricellular substrates. In this study we identified that LRP1 downregulates calpain activity and calpain 2 transcriptional expression in an invasive thyroid carcinoma cell model. LRP1-dependent alleviation of calpain activity limits cell-matrix attachment strength and contributes to FTC133 cells invasive abilities in a modified Boyden chamber assays. In addition, using enzymatic assays and co-immunoprecipitation experiments, we demonstrated that LRP1 exerts post-translational inhibition of calpain activity through PKA-dependent phosphorylation of calpain-2. This LRP-1 dual mode of control of calpain activity fine-tunes carcinoma cell spreading. We showed that LRP1-mediated calpain inhibition participates in talin-positive focal adhesions dissolution and limits β1-integrin expression at carcinoma cell surface. In conclusion, we identified an additional and innovative intracellular mechanism which demonstrates LRP-1 pro-motile action in thyroid cancer cells. LRP-1 ability to specifically control calpain-2 expression and activity highlights a novel facet of its de-adhesion receptor status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Langlois
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
- *Correspondence: Benoit Langlois,
| | - Julie Martin
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Christophe Schneider
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Cathy Hachet
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Christine Terryn
- Plate-Forme Imagerie Cellulaire et Tissulaire (PICT), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, UFR Médecine, Reims, France
| | - Damien Rioult
- Plateau Technique Mobile de Cytométrie Environnementale MOBICYTE, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne/INERIS, Reims, France
| | - Laurent Martiny
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Louis Théret
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Stéphanie Salesse
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
| | - Stéphane Dedieu
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, Reims, France
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Deng Z, Zhan P, Yang K, Liu L, Liu J, Gao W. Identification of personalized neoantigen-based vaccines and immune subtype characteristic analysis of glioblastoma based on abnormal alternative splicing. Am J Cancer Res 2022; 12:3581-3600. [PMID: 36119813 PMCID: PMC9442016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of personalized neoantigen-based vaccines in cancer immunotherapy has shown promise. In this study, a large-scale bioinformatics analysis was performed to identify potential GBM-associated neoantigens based on abnormal alternative splicing, and then screen suitable patients for vaccination. Gene expression profiles and clinical information were collected from TCGA. We filtered the percent-spliced-in (PSI) spectrum of alternative splicing events in the dataset to identify abnormal alternative splicing events. MAF package was used to identify and analyse tumour mutation burden (TMB) in cancer samples. Tumour Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) was used to calculate and visualize the infiltration of antigen presenting cells (APCs). In addition, consistent clustering algorithm utilized to identify immune subtypes of GBM. Five potential tumour neoantigens (LRP1, TCF12, DERL3, WIPI2, and TSHZ3) were identified in GBM by selecting genes both with abnormal alternative splicing (upregulated) and gene frameshift mutations, in which LRP1 was significantly associated with APCs. According to the expressions of five potential tumour neoantigens, 160 patients with GBM were divided into three immune subtypes. Patients in cluster3 exhibited good prognoses. Furthermore, the characteristics, including TMB, abnormal alternative splicing events, immune activity, immune cells proportion, and association with tumour biomarkers, were unique in each immune subtypes. The characteristics of cluster3 illustrated that cluster3 participants were more suitable candidates for vaccination. LRP1 was identified as a potential neoantigen for immunotherapy against GBM, and patients in cluster3 were more suitable for vaccination. Our findings provide important guidance for the development of novel neoantigens and therapeutic targets in patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifang Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Peiyan Zhan
- Department of Neurology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Li Liu
- Office of Academic Research, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqi Gao
- Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Wuhan Children’s Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University and TechnologyWuhan 430015, Hubei, China
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Soluble low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 levels in the differential diagnosis of myopericarditis versus acute coronary syndrome. Am J Emerg Med 2022; 60:15-23. [PMID: 35878570 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differential diagnosis of myopericarditis (MPC) versus acute coronary syndromes (ACS) can be difficult in the emergency room (ER). Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a transmembrane receptor with diverse biological functions. LRP-1 is increased after viral infections as a defense mechanism. sLRP-1 (soluble form) can be measured in the serum. We study the diagnostic sLRP-1 levels in patients with MPC, ACS and healthy controls. METHODS The study included consecutive patients who were admitted between the dates of 1.1.2018 and 1.1.2019 with the diagnosis of MPC or ACS. All patients reported to the ER with chest pain (CP) and elevated cardiac troponin levels. Control group (n = 61) was selected from healthy subjects. In addition to routine laboratory work up, serum sLRP-1 concentrations were measured on admission. RESULTS sLRP-1 levels were significantly higher in MPC, compared to controls (p = 0.005) and ACS (p = 0.001). Median (IQR) sLRP-1 levels in MPC, controls and ACS were 7.39 (22.42), 2.27 (1.74), 2.41 (0.98) μg/ml, respectively (p = 0.004). Among the covariates: sLRP-1, age, gender, HDL-C and LDL-C; only sLRP-1 differentiated a diagnosis of MPC versus ACS (OR = 1684, p = 0,046, CI for OR (1008-2812). The area under the curve (AUC) was measured as 0.79 [CI 0.62-0.95] in ROC analysis, p = 0.001; sLRP-1 had 69% sensitivity and 85% specificity for diagnosis of MPC with a cut-off value of 4.3 μg/ml. CONCLUSION sLRP-1 is a potential biomarker in the differential diagnosis of MPC versus ACS in ER. Future studies are needed to evaluate and develop the utility of sLRP-1 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in MPC.
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Ameka M, Hasty AH. Paying the Iron Price: Liver Iron Homeostasis and Metabolic Disease. Compr Physiol 2022; 12:3641-3663. [PMID: 35766833 PMCID: PMC10155403 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c210039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Iron is an essential metal element whose bioavailability is tightly regulated. Under normal conditions, systemic and cellular iron homeostases are synchronized for optimal function, based on the needs of each system. During metabolic dysfunction, this synchrony is lost, and markers of systemic iron homeostasis are no longer coupled to the iron status of key metabolic organs such as the liver and adipose tissue. The effects of dysmetabolic iron overload syndrome in the liver have been tied to hepatic insulin resistance, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. While the existence of a relationship between iron dysregulation and metabolic dysfunction has long been acknowledged, identifying correlative relationships is complicated by the prognostic reliance on systemic measures of iron homeostasis. What is lacking and perhaps more informative is an understanding of how cellular iron homeostasis changes with metabolic dysfunction. This article explores bidirectional relationships between different proteins involved in iron homeostasis and metabolic dysfunction in the liver. © 2022 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 12:3641-3663, 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalene Ameka
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Alyssa H Hasty
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,VA Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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The Role of Obesity, Inflammation and Sphingolipids in the Development of an Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122438. [PMID: 35745168 PMCID: PMC9229568 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a local dilatation of the vessel equal to or exceeding 3 cm. It is a disease with a long preclinical period commonly without any symptoms in its initial stage. Undiagnosed for years, aneurysm often leads to death due to vessel rupture. The basis of AAA pathogenesis is inflammation, which is often associated with the excess of adipose tissue, especially perivascular adipose tissue, which synthesizes adipocytokines that exert a significant influence on the formation of aneurysms. Pro-inflammatory cytokines such as resistin, leptin, and TNFα have been shown to induce changes leading to the formation of aneurysms, while adiponectin is the only known compound that is secreted by adipose tissue and limits the development of aneurysms. However, in obesity, adiponectin levels decline. Moreover, inflammation is associated with an increase in the amount of macrophages infiltrating adipose tissue, which are the source of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix, which are an important factor in the formation of aneurysms. In addition, an excess of body fat is associated with altered sphingolipid metabolism. It has been shown that among sphingolipids, there are compounds that play an opposite role in the cell: ceramide is a pro-apoptotic compound that mediates the development of inflammation, while sphingosine-1-phosphate exerts pro-proliferative and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been shown that the increase in the level of ceramide is associated with a decrease in the concentration of adiponectin, an increase in the concentration of TNFα, MMP-9 and reactive oxygen species (which contribute to the apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cell). The available data indicate a potential relationship between obesity, inflammation and disturbed sphingolipid metabolism with the formation of aneurysms; therefore, the aim of this study was to systematize the current knowledge on the role of these factors in the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
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Yakovlev S, Medved L. Dual functions of the fibrin βN-domains in the VLDL receptor-dependent pathway of transendothelial migration of leukocytes. Thromb Res 2022; 214:1-7. [PMID: 35421681 PMCID: PMC10680947 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed that fibrin interacts with the VLDL receptor (VLDLR) through a pair of its βN-domains and this interaction promotes transendothelial migration of leukocytes and, thereby, inflammation. In agreement, the NDSK-II fragment representing the central part of the fibrin molecule and containing these domains stimulates leukocyte transmigration. However, the recombinant (β15-66)2 fragment corresponding to a pair of the βN-domains inhibits NDSK-II-stimulated leukocyte transmigration. To explain this paradox, we hypothesized that fibrin βN-domains have dual function in fibrin-dependent inflammation, namely, their C-terminal regions containing the VLDLR-binding sites promote leukocyte transmigration while their N-terminal regions are responsible for inhibition of this process. To test this hypothesis and to further clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying fibrin-induced VLDLR-dependent pathway of leukocyte transmigration and its inhibition, we prepared the dimeric (β15-44)2 and (β40-66)2 fragments corresponding to the N- and C-terminal regions of the βN-domains and studied their effect on endothelial permeability and transendothelial migration of leukocytes. The results obtained revealed that (β40-66)2 bound to the VLDLR with high affinity and promoted endothelial permeability and leukocyte transmigration while (β15-44)2 did not interact with this receptor and had no effect on leukocyte transmigration, in agreement with our hypothesis. We also found that the first three N-terminal residues of the βN-domains play a critical role in the inhibitory properties of these domains. Further, the inhibitory properties of the βN-domains were expressed only upon their isolation from the fibrin molecule. The question of whether their inhibitory function may play a role in fibrin remains to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergiy Yakovlev
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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Murphy-Ullrich JE. Thrombospondin-1 Signaling Through the Calreticulin/LDL Receptor Related Protein 1 Axis: Functions and Possible Roles in Glaucoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:898772. [PMID: 35693935 PMCID: PMC9185677 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.898772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) is a matricellular extracellular matrix protein. Matricellular proteins are components of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that regulate key cellular functions and impact ECM organization, but which lack direct primary structural roles in the ECM. TSP-1 expression is upregulated in response to injury, hypoxia, growth factor stimulation, inflammation, glucose, and by reactive oxygen species. Relevant to glaucoma, TSP-1 is also a mechanosensitive molecule upregulated by mechanical stretch. TSP-1 expression is increased in ocular remodeling in glaucoma in both the trabecular meshwork and in the optic nerve head. The exact roles of TSP-1 in glaucoma remain to be defined, however. It plays important roles in cell behavior and in ECM remodeling during wound healing, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and in tumorigenesis and metastasis. At the cellular level, TSP-1 can modulate cell adhesion and migration, protease activity, growth factor activity, anoikis resistance, apoptosis, and collagen secretion and matrix assembly and cross-linking. These multiple functions and macromolecular and receptor interactions have been ascribed to specific domains of the TSP-1 molecule. In this review, we will focus on the cell regulatory activities of the TSP-1 N-terminal domain (NTD) sequence that binds to cell surface calreticulin (Calr) and which regulates cell functions via signaling through Calr complexed with LDL receptor related protein 1 (LRP1). We will describe TSP-1 actions mediated through the Calr/LRP1 complex in regulating focal adhesion disassembly and cytoskeletal reorganization, cell motility, anoikis resistance, and induction of collagen secretion and matrix deposition. Finally, we will consider the relevance of these TSP-1 functions to the pathologic remodeling of the ECM in glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
- *Correspondence: Joanne E. Murphy-Ullrich,
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Egido-Turrión C, Rossi E, Ollauri-Ibáñez C, Pérez-García ML, Sevilla MA, Bastida JM, González-Porras JR, Rodríguez-Barbero A, Bernabeu C, Lopez-Novoa JM, Pericacho M. Functional Alterations Involved in Increased Bleeding in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Mouse Models. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:871903. [PMID: 35665360 PMCID: PMC9160577 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.871903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (HHT) is an autosomal-dominant genetic disorder involving defects in two predominant genes known as endoglin (ENG; HHT-1) and activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ACVRL1/ALK1; HHT-2). It is characterized by mucocutaneous telangiectases that, due to their fragility, frequently break causing recurrent epistaxis and gastrointestinal bleeding. Because of the severity of hemorrhages, the study of the hemostasis involved in these vascular ruptures is critical to find therapies for this disease. Our results demonstrate that HHT patients with high bleeding, as determined by a high Epistaxis Severity Score (ESS), do not have prolonged clotting times or alterations in clotting factors. Considering that coagulation is only one of the processes involved in hemostasis, the main objective of this study was to investigate the overall mechanisms of hemostasis in HHT-1 (Eng+/−) and HHT-2 (Alk1+/−) mouse models, which do not show HHT vascular phenotypes in the meaning of spontaneous bleeding. In Eng+/− mice, the results of in vivo and in vitro assays suggest deficient platelet-endothelium interactions that impair a robust and stable thrombus formation. Consequently, the thrombus could be torn off and dragged by the mechanical force exerted by the bloodstream, leading to the reappearance of hemorrhages. In Alk1+/− mice, an overactivation of the fibrinolysis system was observed. These results support the idea that endoglin and Alk1 haploinsufficiency leads to a common phenotype of impaired hemostasis, but through different mechanisms. This contribution opens new therapeutic approaches to HHT patients' epistaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Egido-Turrión
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Elisa Rossi
- Université de Paris, Innovative Therapies in Haemostasis, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Claudia Ollauri-Ibáñez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - María L. Pérez-García
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA)-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - María A. Sevilla
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - José María Bastida
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA)-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José Ramón González-Porras
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de Salamanca (CAUSA)-SACYL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alicia Rodríguez-Barbero
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Carmelo Bernabeu
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas Margarita Salas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Lopez-Novoa
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute for Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Miguel Pericacho
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Xue N, Du T, Lai F, Jin J, Ji M, Chen X. Secreted HSP90α-LRP1 Signaling Promotes Tumor Metastasis and Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5532. [PMID: 35628341 PMCID: PMC9141888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular heat shock protein 90α (eHSP90α) has been reported to promote cancer cell motility. However, whether pancreatic cancer (PC) cells expressed membrane-bound or secreted HSP90α, as well as its underlying mechanism for PC progression, were still unclear. Our study demonstrated that the amounts of secreted HSP90α proteins were discrepant in multiple PC cells. In addition, highly invasive Capan-2 cells have a higher level of secreted HSP90α compared with those of less invasive PL45 cells. The conditioned medium of Capan-2 cells or recombinant HSP90α treatment stimulated the migration and invasion of PC cells, which could be prevented with a neutralizing anti-HSP90α antibody. Furthermore, secreted HSP90α promoted elements of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in PL45 cells, including increases in vimentin and Snail expressions, decreases in E-cadherin expression, and changes in cell shape towards a mesenchymal phenotype, but these phenomena were reversed by the anti-HSP90α antibody in Capan-2 cells. In addition, high levels of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) were associated with worsened patient survival in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. We demonstrated LRP1 as a receptor of eHSP90α for its stimulatory role in metastasis, by activating the AKT pathway. In addition, silencing LRP1 enhanced the chemosensitivity to gemcitabine and doxorubicin in Capan-2 cells. Therefore, our study indicated that blocking secreted HSP90α underlies an aspect of metastasis and chemoresistance in PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.X.); (T.D.); (F.L.); (J.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Tingting Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.X.); (T.D.); (F.L.); (J.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangfang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.X.); (T.D.); (F.L.); (J.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.X.); (T.D.); (F.L.); (J.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ming Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.X.); (T.D.); (F.L.); (J.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiaoguang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; (N.X.); (T.D.); (F.L.); (J.J.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Non-Clinical Drug Metabolism and PK/PD Study, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
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65
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Vetter VC, Wagner E. Targeting nucleic acid-based therapeutics to tumors: Challenges and strategies for polyplexes. J Control Release 2022; 346:110-135. [PMID: 35436520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The current medical reality of cancer gene therapy is reflected by more than ten approved products on the global market, including oncolytic and other viral vectors and CAR T-cells as ex vivo gene-modified cell therapeutics. The development of synthetic antitumoral nucleic acid therapeutics has been proceeding at a lower but steady pace, fueled by a plethora of alternative nucleic acid platforms (from various antisense oligonucleotides, siRNA, microRNA, lncRNA, sgRNA, to larger mRNA and DNA) and several classes of physical and chemical delivery technologies. This review summarizes the challenges and strategies for tumor-targeted nucleic acid delivery. Focusing primarily on polyplexes (polycation complexes) as nanocarriers, delivery options across multiple barriers into tumor cells are illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria C Vetter
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Center for System-based Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany; Center for NanoScience (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich 81377, Germany.
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66
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Inflammation: A New Look at an Old Problem. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094596. [PMID: 35562986 PMCID: PMC9100490 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory stress is inherent in any cells that are subject to damage or threat of damage. It is defined by a number of universal components, including oxidative stress, cellular response to DNA damage, unfolded protein response to mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress, changes in autophagy, inflammasome formation, non-coding RNA response, formation of an inducible network of signaling pathways, and epigenetic changes. The presence of an inducible receptor and secretory phenotype in many cells is the cause of tissue pro-inflammatory stress. The key phenomenon determining the occurrence of a classical inflammatory focus is the microvascular inflammatory response (exudation, leukocyte migration to the alteration zone). This same reaction at the systemic level leads to the development of life-critical systemic inflammation. From this standpoint, we can characterize the common mechanisms of pathologies that differ in their clinical appearance. The division of inflammation into alternative variants has deep evolutionary roots. Evolutionary aspects of inflammation are also described in the review. The aim of the review is to provide theoretical arguments for the need for an up-to-date theory of the relationship between key human pathological processes based on the integrative role of the molecular mechanisms of cellular and tissue pro-inflammatory stress.
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67
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Wang Y, Zhang W, Xu Y, Wu D, Gao Z, Zhou J, Qian H, He B, Wang G. Extracellular HMGB1 Impairs Macrophage-Mediated Efferocytosis by Suppressing the Rab43-Controlled Cell Surface Transport of CD91. Front Immunol 2022; 13:767630. [PMID: 35392093 PMCID: PMC8980266 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.767630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein can impair phagocyte function by suppressing the macrophage-mediated clearance of apoptotic cells (ACs), thereby delaying inflammation resolution in the lungs and allowing the progression of acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, the precise mechanism underlying this HMGB1-mediated inhibition of efferocytosis remains unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of HMGB1 on macrophage-mediated efferocytosis. We discovered that HMGB1 prevented efferocytosis by bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) and suppressed the expression of Ras-related GTP-binding protein 43 (Rab43), a member of the Ras-associated binding (Rab) family. The downregulation of Rab43 expression resulted in impaired clearance of apoptotic thymocytes by BMDMs. Subsequent analysis of HMGB1-treated and Rab43-deficient BMDMs revealed the inhibited transport of cluster of differentiation 91 (CD91), a phagocyte recognition receptor, from the cytoplasm to the cell surface. Notably, Rab43 directly interacted with CD91 to mediate its intercellular trafficking. Furthermore, Rab43 knockout delayed the inflammation resolution and aggravated the lung tissue damage in mice with ALI. Therefore, our results provide evidence that HMGB1 impairs macrophage-mediated efferocytosis and delays inflammation resolution by suppressing the Rab43-regulated anterograde transport of CD91, suggesting that the restoration of Rab43 levels is a promising strategy for attenuating ALI and ARDS in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Xu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhan Gao
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianchun Zhou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hang Qian
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Binfeng He
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guansong Wang
- Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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68
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Garcia-Arcos I, Park SS, Mai M, Alvarez-Buve R, Chow L, Cai H, Baumlin-Schmid N, Agudelo CW, Martinez J, Kim MD, Dabo AJ, Salathe M, Goldberg IJ, Foronjy RF. LRP1 loss in airway epithelium exacerbates smoke-induced oxidative damage and airway remodeling. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100185. [PMID: 35202607 PMCID: PMC8953659 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) partakes in metabolic and signaling events regulated in a tissue-specific manner. The function of LRP1 in airways has not been studied. We aimed to study the function of LRP1 in smoke-induced disease. We found that bronchial epithelium of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and airway epithelium of mice exposed to smoke had increased LRP1 expression. We then knocked out LRP1 in human bronchial epithelial cells in vitro and in airway epithelial club cells in mice. In vitro, LRP1 knockdown decreased cell migration and increased transforming growth factor β activation. Tamoxifen-inducible airway-specific LRP1 knockout mice (club Lrp1-/-) induced after complete lung development had increased inflammation in the bronchoalveolar space and lung parenchyma at baseline. After 6 months of smoke exposure, club Lrp1-/- mice showed a combined restrictive and obstructive phenotype, with lower compliance, inspiratory capacity, and forced expiratory volume0.05/forced vital capacity than WT smoke-exposed mice. This was associated with increased values of Ashcroft fibrotic index. Proteomic analysis of room air exposed-club Lrp1-/- mice showed significantly decreased levels of proteins involved in cytoskeleton signaling and xenobiotic detoxification as well as decreased levels of glutathione. The proteome fingerprint created by smoke eclipsed many of the original differences, but club Lrp1-/- mice continued to have decreased lung glutathione levels and increased protein oxidative damage and airway cell proliferation. Therefore, LRP1 deficiency leads to greater lung inflammation and damage and exacerbates smoke-induced lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itsaso Garcia-Arcos
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sangmi S Park
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michelle Mai
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roger Alvarez-Buve
- Respiratory Department, Hospital University Arnau de Vilanova and Santa Maria, IRB Lleida, University of Lleida, Lleida, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lillian Chow
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Huchong Cai
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Christina W Agudelo
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Martinez
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael D Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Abdoulaye J Dabo
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthias Salathe
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Ira J Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, NYU Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert F Foronjy
- Departments of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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PCSK9 acts as a key regulator of Aβ clearance across the blood-brain barrier. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:212. [PMID: 35344086 PMCID: PMC8960591 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04237-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the neurodegenerative disorder Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in late adult life, there is currently no therapy available to prevent the onset or slow down the progression of AD. The progressive cognitive decline in AD correlates with a successive accumulation of cerebral amyloid-β (Aβ) due to impaired clearance mechanisms. A significant percentage is removed by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1)-mediated transport across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) into the periphery. Circulating proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) binds to members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor protein family at the cell surface and targets them for lysosomal degradation, which reduces the number of functional receptors. However, the adverse impact of PCSK9 on LRP1-mediated brain Aβ clearance remains elusive. By using an established BBB model, we identified reduced LRP1-mediated brain-to-blood Aβ clearance due to PCSK9 across different endothelial monolayer in vitro. Consequently, the repetitive application of FDA-approved monoclonal anti-PCSK9 antibodies into 5xFAD mice decreased the cerebral Aβ burden across variants and aggregation state, which was not reproducible in brain endothelial-specific LRP1-/- 5xFAD mice. The peripheral PCSK9 inhibition reduced Aβ pathology in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus-brain areas critically involved in memory processing-and prevented disease-related impairment in hippocampus-dependent memory formation. Our data suggest that peripheral inhibition of PCSK9 by already available therapeutic antibodies may be a novel and easily applicable potential AD treatment.
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70
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Wan T, Zhu W, Zhao Y, Zhang X, Ye R, Zuo M, Xu P, Huang Z, Zhang C, Xie Y, Liu X. Astrocytic phagocytosis contributes to demyelination after focal cortical ischemia in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1134. [PMID: 35241660 PMCID: PMC8894352 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke can cause secondary myelin damage in the white matter distal to the primary injury site. The contribution of astrocytes during secondary demyelination and the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Here, using a mouse of distal middle cerebral artery occlusion, we show that lipocalin-2 (LCN2), enriched in reactive astrocytes, expression increases in nonischemic areas of the corpus callosum upon injury. LCN2-expressing astrocytes acquire a phagocytic phenotype and are able to uptake myelin. Myelin removal is impaired in Lcn2−/− astrocytes. Inducing re-expression of truncated LCN2(Δ2–20) in astrocytes restores phagocytosis and leads to progressive demyelination in Lcn2−/− mice. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments show that LCN2 binds to low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in astrocytes. Knockdown of Lrp1 reduces LCN2-induced myelin engulfment by astrocytes and reduces demyelination. Altogether, our findings suggest that LCN2/LRP1 regulates astrocyte-mediated myelin phagocytosis in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke can cause secondary demyelination. Whether phagocytic astrocytes can contribute to such demyelination is unclear. Here, the authors show that lipocalin-2 (LCN-2) expression increased in astrocytes upon injury. LCN-2 expressing astrocytes acquire a phagocytic phenotype and contribute to secondary demyelination in a mouse model of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Wusheng Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Xiaohao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Ruidong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Meng Zuo
- Department of Neurology, Southwest Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Pengfei Xu
- Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China
| | - Zhenqian Huang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China
| | - Chunni Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
| | - Yi Xie
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China.
| | - Xinfeng Liu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210000, China. .,Stroke Center & Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230036, Anhui, China.
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71
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Major trace elements and their binding proteins in the early phase of Covid-19 infection. J Biol Inorg Chem 2022; 27:261-269. [PMID: 35150336 PMCID: PMC8853275 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-022-01931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metal ions seem to play important roles in the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus disease of 2019 (Covid-19) and are under investigation as potential prognostic markers and supplements in therapeutic procedures. The present study was aimed at assessing the relationship between the most abundant essential microelements (iron, zinc and copper) and their major binding proteins in the circulation in the early stage of infection. The concentration of zinc ions was measured to be higher in infected than in healthy persons, as well as ratios zinc/albumin and zinc/alpha-2-macroglobulin. Increased zinc levels could be attributed to cellular redistribution of zinc ions or to a use of zinc supplementation (zinc concentration was above the upper reference limit in one-third of infected individuals). Immunoblot analysis of protein molecular forms revealed that infected persons had greater amounts of proteinase-bound alpha-2-macroglobulin tetramer and albumin monomer than healthy individuals. The quantities of these forms were correlated with the concentration of zinc ions (r = 0.42 and 0.55, respectively) in healthy persons, but correlations were lost in infected individuals, most likely due to very high zinc concentrations in some participants which were not proportionally followed by changes in the distribution of protein species. Although we still have to wait for a firm confirmation of the involvement of zinc in beneficial defense mechanisms in patients with Covid-19, it seems that this ion may contribute to the existence of circulating protein forms which are the most optimal.
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Wang L, Chen H, Wang F, Zhang X. The development of peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) strategies for paclitaxel. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:147-161. [PMID: 35130795 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2039621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paclitaxel is a powerful and effective anti-tumor drug with wide clinical application. However, there are still some limitations, including poor water solubility, low specificity, and susceptibility to drug resistance. The peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) represent a rising class of therapeutic drugs, which combines small-molecule chemotherapeutic drugs with highly flexible peptides through a cleavable or non-cleavable linker. When this strategy is applied, the therapeutic effects of paclitaxel can be improved. AREAS COVERED In this review, we discuss the application of the PDCs strategy in paclitaxel, including two parts: the tumor targeting peptide-paclitaxel conjugates and the cell penetrating peptide-paclitaxel conjugates. EXPERT OPINION Combining drugs with multifunctional peptides covalently is an effective strategy for delivering paclitaxel to tumors. Depending on different functional peptides, conjugates can increase the water solubility of paclitaxel, tumor permeability of paclitaxel, the accumulation of paclitaxel in tumor tissues, and enhance the antitumor effect of paclitaxel. In addition, due to the change of cell entry mechanism, partial conjugates can restore the therapeutic activity of paclitaxel against resistant tumors. Notably, in order to better translate into the clinical field in the future, more research should be conducted to ensure the safety and effectiveness of peptide-paclitaxel conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengshan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Evaluation of Carbohydrate-based Medicine, Institute of Biochemical and Biotechnological Drug, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinke Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, People's Republic of China
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73
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Calvier L, Herz J, Hansmann G. Interplay of Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptors, LRPs, and Lipoproteins in Pulmonary Hypertension. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2022; 7:164-180. [PMID: 35257044 PMCID: PMC8897182 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
LDLR regulates oxidized LDL level, which is increased in lung and blood from PAH patients. LRP1 preserving vascular homeostasis is decreased in PAH patients. LRP5/6 regulating Wnt signaling is upregulated in PH. The LRP8 (aka ApoER2) ligand ApoE protects from PAH.
The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) gene family includes LDLR, very LDLR, and LDL receptor–related proteins (LRPs) such as LRP1, LRP1b (aka LRP-DIT), LRP2 (aka megalin), LRP4, and LRP5/6, and LRP8 (aka ApoER2). LDLR family members constitute a class of closely related multifunctional, transmembrane receptors, with diverse functions, from embryonic development to cancer, lipid metabolism, and cardiovascular homeostasis. While LDLR family members have been studied extensively in the systemic circulation in the context of atherosclerosis, their roles in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) are understudied and largely unknown. Endothelial dysfunction, tissue infiltration of monocytes, and proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells are hallmarks of PAH, leading to vascular remodeling, obliteration, increased pulmonary vascular resistance, heart failure, and death. LDLR family members are entangled with the aforementioned detrimental processes by controlling many pathways that are dysregulated in PAH; these include lipid metabolism and oxidation, but also platelet-derived growth factor, transforming growth factor β1, Wnt, apolipoprotein E, bone morpohogenetic proteins, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma. In this paper, we discuss the current knowledge on LDLR family members in PAH. We also review mechanisms and drugs discovered in biological contexts and diseases other than PAH that are likely very relevant in the hypertensive pulmonary vasculature and the future care of patients with PAH or other chronic, progressive, debilitating cardiovascular diseases.
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Key Words
- ApoE, apolipoprotein E
- Apoer2
- BMP
- BMPR, bone morphogenetic protein receptor
- BMPR2
- COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
- CTGF, connective tissue growth factor
- HDL, high-density lipoprotein
- KO, knockout
- LDL receptor related protein
- LDL, low-density lipoprotein
- LDLR
- LDLR, low-density lipoprotein receptor
- LRP
- LRP, low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein
- LRP1
- LRP1B
- LRP2
- LRP4
- LRP5
- LRP6
- LRP8
- MEgf7
- Mesd, mesoderm development
- PAH
- PAH, pulmonary arterial hypertension
- PASMC, pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell
- PDGF
- PDGFR-β, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β
- PH, pulmonary hypertension
- PPARγ
- PPARγ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
- PVD
- RV, right ventricle/ventricular
- RVHF
- RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure
- TGF-β1
- TGF-β1, transforming growth factor β1
- TGFBR, transforming growth factor β1 receptor
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor receptor
- VLDLR
- VLDLR, very low density lipoprotein receptor
- VSMC, vascular smooth muscle cell
- Wnt
- apolipoprotein E receptor 2
- endothelial cell
- gp330
- low-density lipoprotein receptor
- mRNA, messenger RNA
- megalin
- monocyte
- multiple epidermal growth factor-like domains 7
- pulmonary arterial hypertension
- pulmonary vascular disease
- right ventricle heart failure
- smooth muscle cell
- very low density lipoprotein receptor
- β-catenin
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Calvier
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Georg Hansmann
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Critical Care, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Pulmonary Vascular Research Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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Cellular prion protein in human plasma-derived extracellular vesicles promotes neurite outgrowth via the NMDA receptor-LRP1 receptor system. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101642. [PMID: 35090893 PMCID: PMC8861162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes and other extracellular vesicles (EVs) participate in cell–cell communication. Herein, we isolated EVs from human plasma and demonstrated that these EVs activate cell signaling and promote neurite outgrowth in PC-12 cells. Analysis of human plasma EVs purified by sequential ultracentrifugation using tandem mass spectrometry indicated the presence of multiple plasma proteins, including α2-macroglobulin, which is reported to regulate PC-12 cell physiology. We therefore further purified EVs by molecular exclusion or phosphatidylserine affinity chromatography, which reduced plasma protein contamination. EVs subjected to these additional purification methods exhibited unchanged activity in PC-12 cells, even though α2-macroglobulin was reduced to undetectable levels. Nonpathogenic cellular prion protein (PrPC) was carried by human plasma EVs and essential for the effects of EVs on PC-12 cells, as EV-induced cell signaling and neurite outgrowth were blocked by the PrPC-specific antibody, POM2. In addition, inhibitors of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor (NMDA-R) and low-density lipoprotein receptor–related protein-1 (LRP1) blocked the effects of plasma EVs on PC-12 cells, as did silencing of Lrp1 or the gene encoding the GluN1 NMDA-R subunit (Grin1). These results implicate the NMDA-R–LRP1 complex as the receptor system responsible for mediating the effects of EV-associated PrPC. Finally, EVs harvested from rat astrocytes carried PrPC and replicated the effects of human plasma EVs on PC-12 cell signaling. We conclude that interaction of EV-associated PrPC with the NMDA-R–LRP1 complex in target cells represents a novel mechanism by which EVs may participate in intercellular communication in the nervous system.
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75
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Zhang G, Liu X, Sun Z, Feng X, Wang H, Hao J, Zhang X. A2M is a potential core gene in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:5. [PMID: 34979994 PMCID: PMC8722218 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-09070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a type of malignant tumor ranking the second in the incidence of primary liver cancer following hepatocellular carcinoma. Both the morbidity and mortality have been increasing in recent years. Small duct type of ICC has potential therapeutic targets. But overall, the prognosis of patients with ICC is usually very poor. Methods To search latent therapeutic targets for ICC, we programmatically selected the five most suitable microarray datasets. Then, we made an analysis of these microarray datasets (GSE26566, GSE31370, GSE32958, GSE45001 and GSE76311) collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The GEO2R tool was effective to find out differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between ICC and normal tissue. Gene Ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis were executed using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) v 6.8. The Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes (STRING) database was used to analyze protein–protein interaction of these DEGs and protein–protein interaction of these DEGs was modified by Cytoscape3.8.2. Survival analysis was performed using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) online analysis tool. Results A total of 28 upregulated DEGs and 118 downregulated DEGs were screened out. Then twenty hub genes were selected according to the connectivity degree. The survival analysis results showed that A2M was closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of ICC and was a potential therapeutic target for ICC. Conclusions According to our study, low A2M expression in ICC compared to normal bile duct tissue was an adverse prognostic factor in ICC patients. The value of A2M in the treatment of ICC needs to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanran Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xuyue Liu
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengyang Sun
- School of Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoning Feng
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Hao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of Ministry of Education, Department of Histology & Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
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76
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Mueller PA, Kojima Y, Huynh KT, Maldonado RA, Ye J, Tavori H, Pamir N, Leeper NJ, Fazio S. Macrophage LRP1 (Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein 1) Is Required for the Effect of CD47 Blockade on Efferocytosis and Atherogenesis-Brief Report. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:e1-e9. [PMID: 34758632 PMCID: PMC8702482 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.316854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Antibody blockade of the "do not eat me" signal CD47 (cluster of differentiation 47) enhances efferocytosis and reduces lesion size and necrotic core formation in murine atherosclerosis. TNF (Tumor necrosis factor)-α expression directly enhances CD47 expression, and elevated TNF-α is observed in the absence of the proefferocytosis receptor LRP1 (low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1), a regulator of atherogenesis and inflammation. Thus, we tested the hypothesis that CD47 blockade requires the presence of macrophage LRP1 to enhance efferocytosis, temper TNF-α-dependent inflammation, and limit atherosclerosis. Approach and Results: Mice lacking systemic apoE (apoE-/-), alone or in combination with the loss of macrophage LRP1 (double knockout), were fed a Western-type diet for 12 weeks while receiving anti-CD47 antibody (anti-CD47) or IgG every other day. In apoE-/- mice, treatment with anti-CD47 reduced lesion size by 25.4%, decreased necrotic core area by 34.5%, and decreased the ratio of free:macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies by 47.6% compared with IgG controls (P<0.05), confirming previous reports. Double knockout mice treated with anti-CD47 showed no differences in lesion size, necrotic core area, or the ratio of free:macrophage-associated apoptotic bodies compared with IgG controls. In vitro efferocytosis was 30% higher when apoE-/- phagocytes were incubated with anti-CD47 compared with IgG controls (P<0.05); however, anti-CD47 had no effect on efferocytosis in double knockout phagocytes. Analyses of mRNA and protein showed increased CD47 expression in anti-inflammatory IL (interleukin)-4 treated LRP1-/- macrophages compared with wild type, but no differences were observed in inflammatory lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages. CONCLUSIONS The proefferocytosis receptor LRP1 in macrophages is necessary for anti-CD47 blockade to enhance efferocytosis, limit atherogenesis, and decrease necrotic core formation in the apoE-/- model of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Mueller
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Yoko Kojima
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Katherine T. Huynh
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Richard A. Maldonado
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Jianqin Ye
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Hagai Tavori
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Nathalie Pamir
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Nicholas J. Leeper
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Sergio Fazio
- Center for Preventive Cardiology, Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Wang Z, Martellucci S, Van Enoo A, Austin D, Gelber C, Campana WM. α1-Antitrypsin derived SP16 peptide demonstrates efficacy in rodent models of acute and neuropathic pain. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22093. [PMID: 34888951 PMCID: PMC8669735 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101031rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SP16 is an innovative peptide derived from the carboxyl-terminus of α1-Antitrypsin (AAT), corresponding to residues 364-380, and contains recognition sequences for the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). LRP1 is an endocytic and cell-signaling receptor that regulates inflammation. Deletion of Lrp1 in Schwann cells increases neuropathic pain; however, the role of LRP1 activation in nociceptive and neuropathic pain regulation remains unknown. Herein, we show that SP16 is bioactive in sensory neurons in vitro. Neurite length and regenerative gene expression were increased by SP16. In PC12 cells, SP16 activated Akt and ERK1/2 cell-signaling in an LRP1-dependent manner. When formalin was injected into mouse hind paws, to model inflammatory pain, SP16 dose-dependently attenuated nociceptive pain behaviors in the early and late phases. In a second model of acute pain using capsaicin, SP16 significantly reduced paw licking in both male and female mice (p < .01) similarly to enzymatically inactive tissue plasminogen activator, a known LRP1 interactor. SP16 also prevented development of tactile allodynia after partial nerve ligation and this response was sustained for nine days (p < .01). Immunoblot analysis of the injured nerve revealed decreased CD11b (p < .01) and Toll-like receptor-4 (p < .005). In injured dorsal root ganglia SP16 reduced CD11b+ cells (p < .05) and GFAP (p < .005), indicating that inflammatory cell recruitment and satellite cell activation were inhibited. In conclusion, administration of SP16 blocked pain-related responses in three distinct pain models, suggesting efficacy against acute nociceptive, inflammatory, and neuropathic pain. SP16 also attenuated innate immunity in the PNS. These studies identify SP16 as a potentially effective treatment for pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA
| | - Stefano Martellucci
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA
| | - Alicia Van Enoo
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA;,Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA
| | | | | | - Wendy M. Campana
- Department of Anesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA, 92093-0629 USA;,Program in Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla CA 92093, USA;,San Diego Veterans Administration Health Care System, CA, 92161, USA
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78
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Fisher J, Kahn F, Wiebe E, Gustafsson P, Kander T, Mellhammar L, Bentzer P, Linder A. The Dynamics of Circulating Heparin-Binding Protein: Implications for Its Use as a Biomarker. J Innate Immun 2021; 14:447-460. [PMID: 34965528 PMCID: PMC9485916 DOI: 10.1159/000521064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heparin-binding protein (HBP) is a promising biomarker for the development and severity of sepsis. To guide its use, it is important to understand the factors that could lead to false-positive or negative results, such as inappropriate release and inadequate clearance of HBP. HBP is presumably released only by neutrophils, and the organs responsible for its elimination are unknown. In this study, we aimed to determine whether non-neutrophil cells can be a source of circulating HBP and which organs are responsible for its removal. We found that in two cohorts of neutropenic patients, 12% and 19% of patients in each cohort, respectively, had detectable plasma HBP levels. In vitro, three leukemia-derived monocytic cell lines and healthy CD14+ monocytes constitutively released detectable levels of HBP. When HBP was injected intravenously in rats, we found that plasma levels of HBP decreased rapidly, with a distribution half-life below 10 min and an elimination half-life of 1-2 h. We measured HBP levels in the liver, spleen, kidneys, lungs, and urine using both ELISA and immunofluorescence quantitation, and found that the majority of HBP was present in the liver, and a small amount was present in the spleen. Immunofluorescence imaging indicated that HBP is associated mainly with hepatocytes in the liver and monocytes/macrophages in the spleen. The impact of hematologic malignancies and liver diseases on plasma HBP levels should be explored further in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Fisher
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Kahn
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elena Wiebe
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Infection Biochemistry & Institute for Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hanover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Pontus Gustafsson
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Thomas Kander
- Department of Intensive and Perioperative Care, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden.,Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lisa Mellhammar
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Bentzer
- Division of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Helsingborg Hospital, Helsingborg, Sweden
| | - Adam Linder
- Division of Infection Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Kuru Bektaşoğlu P, Koyuncuoğlu T, Akbulut S, Akakın D, Eyüboğlu İP, Erzik C, Yüksel M, Kurtel H. Neuroprotective Effect of Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Antagonist in the Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Inflammation 2021; 44:2499-2517. [PMID: 34460025 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-021-01520-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antagonists are known for their neuroprotective effects. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the possible protective effects of PAI-1 antagonists in a rat mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) model. Sprague-Dawley male rats were grouped as sham (n = 7), TBI (n = 9), and TBI + PAI-1 antagonist (5 and 10 mg/kg TM5441 and TM5484; n = 6-7). Under anesthesia, TBI was induced by dropping a metal 300-g weight from a height of 1 m on the skull. Before and 24-h after trauma neurological examination, tail suspension, Y-maze, and novel object recognition tests were performed. Twenty-four hours after TBI, the rats were decapitated and activities of myeloperoxidase, nitric oxide release, luminol-, and lucigenin-enhanced chemiluminescence were measured. Also, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-10, tumor growth factor-β, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, and PAI levels were measured with the ELISA method in the brain tissue. Brain injury was graded histopathologically following hematoxylin-eosin staining. Western blot and immunohistochemical investigation for low-density lipoprotein receptor, matrix metalloproteinase-3, and nuclear factor-κB were also performed. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) and expressed as means ± SEM. Values of p < 0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. Higher levels of myeloperoxidase activity in the TBI group (p < 0.05) were found to be suppressed in 5 and 10 mg/kg TM5441 treatment groups (p < 0.05-p < 0.01). The tail suspension test score was increased in the TBI group (p < 0.001) and decreased in all treatment groups (p < 0.05-0.001). The histologic damage score was increased statistically significantly in the cortex, dentate gyrus, and CA3 regions in the TBI group (p < 0.01-0.001), decreased in the treatment groups in the cortex and dentate gyrus (p < 0.05-0.001). PAI antagonists, especially TM5441, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties against mild TBI in the acute period. Behavioral test results were also improved after PAI antagonist treatment after mild TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Kuru Bektaşoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Health Sciences, Fatih Sultan Mehmet Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Türkan Koyuncuoğlu
- Department of Physiology, Biruni University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selin Akbulut
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Akakın
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İrem Peker Eyüboğlu
- Department of Medical Biology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Can Erzik
- Department of Medical Biology, Marmara University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Meral Yüksel
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, Marmara University Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hızır Kurtel
- Department of Physiology, Marmara University Institute of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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80
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Das B, Das M, Kalita A, Baro MR. The role of Wnt pathway in obesity induced inflammation and diabetes: a review. J Diabetes Metab Disord 2021; 20:1871-1882. [PMID: 34900830 PMCID: PMC8630176 DOI: 10.1007/s40200-021-00862-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes has become a major killer worldwide and at present, millions are affected by it. Being a chronic disease it increases the risk of other diseases ranging from pulmonary disorders to soft tissue infections. The loss of insulin-producing capacity of the pancreatic β-cells is the main reason for the development of the disease. Obesity is a major complication that can give rise to several other diseases such as cancer, diabetes, etc. Visceral adiposity is one of the major factors that play a role in the development of insulin resistance. Obesity causes a chronic low-grade inflammation in the tissues that further increases the chances of developing diabetes. Several pathways have been associated with the development of diabetes due to inflammation caused by obesity. The Wnt pathway is one such candidate pathway that is found to have a controlling effect on the development of insulin resistance. Moreover, the pathway has also been linked to obesity and inflammation. This review aims to find a connection between obesity, inflammation, and diabetes by taking the wnt pathway as the connecting link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhabajyoti Das
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Manas Das
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Anuradha Kalita
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
| | - Momita Rani Baro
- Department of Zoology, Animal Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781014 Assam India
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81
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Ribovski L, Hamelmann NM, Paulusse JMJ. Polymeric Nanoparticles Properties and Brain Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2045. [PMID: 34959326 PMCID: PMC8705716 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Safe and reliable entry to the brain is essential for successful diagnosis and treatment of diseases, but it still poses major challenges. As a result, many therapeutic approaches to treating disorders associated with the central nervous system (CNS) still only show limited success. Nano-sized systems are being explored as drug carriers and show great improvements in the delivery of many therapeutics. The systemic delivery of nanoparticles (NPs) or nanocarriers (NCs) to the brain involves reaching the neurovascular unit (NVU), being transported across the blood-brain barrier, (BBB) and accumulating in the brain. Each of these steps can benefit from specifically controlled properties of NPs. Here, we discuss how brain delivery by NPs can benefit from careful design of the NP properties. Properties such as size, charge, shape, and ligand functionalization are commonly addressed in the literature; however, properties such as ligand density, linker length, avidity, protein corona, and stiffness are insufficiently discussed. This is unfortunate since they present great value against multiple barriers encountered by the NPs before reaching the brain, particularly the BBB. We further highlight important examples utilizing targeting ligands and how functionalization parameters, e.g., ligand density and ligand properties, can affect the success of the nano-based delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jos M. J. Paulusse
- Department of Molecules and Materials, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology and TechMed Institute for Health and Biomedical Technologies, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE Enschede, The Netherlands; (L.R.); (N.M.H.)
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82
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Yan L, Moriarty RA, Stroka KM. Recent progress and new challenges in modeling of human pluripotent stem cell-derived blood-brain barrier. Theranostics 2021; 11:10148-10170. [PMID: 34815809 PMCID: PMC8581424 DOI: 10.7150/thno.63195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a semipermeable unit that serves to vascularize the central nervous system (CNS) while tightly regulating the movement of molecules, ions, and cells between the blood and the brain. The BBB precisely controls brain homeostasis and protects the neural tissue from toxins and pathogens. The BBB is coordinated by a tight monolayer of brain microvascular endothelial cells, which is subsequently supported by mural cells, astrocytes, and surrounding neuronal cells that regulate the barrier function with a series of specialized properties. Dysfunction of barrier properties is an important pathological feature in the progression of various neurological diseases. In vitro BBB models recapitulating the physiological and diseased states are important tools to understand the pathological mechanism and to serve as a platform to screen potential drugs. Recent advances in this field have stemmed from the use of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). Various cell types of the BBB such as brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs), pericytes, and astrocytes have been derived from PSCs and synergistically incorporated to model the complex BBB structure in vitro. In this review, we summarize the most recent protocols and techniques for the differentiation of major cell types of the BBB. We also discuss the progress of BBB modeling by using PSC-derived cells and perspectives on how to reproduce more natural BBBs in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yan
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rebecca A. Moriarty
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Kimberly M. Stroka
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Biophysics Program, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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83
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Großkopf H, Vogel S, Müller CD, Köhling S, Dürig JN, Möller S, Schnabelrauch M, Rademann J, Hempel U, von Bergen M, Schubert K. Identification of intracellular glycosaminoglycan-interacting proteins by affinity purification mass spectrometry. Biol Chem 2021; 402:1427-1440. [PMID: 34472763 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2021-0167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are essential functional components of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Artificial GAGs like sulfated hyaluronan (sHA) exhibit pro-osteogenic properties and boost healing processes. Hence, they are of high interest for supporting bone regeneration and wound healing. Although sulfated GAGs (sGAGs) appear intracellularly, the knowledge about intracellular effects and putative interaction partners is scarce. Here we used an affinity-purification mass spectrometry-based (AP-MS) approach to identify novel and particularly intracellular sGAG-interacting proteins in human bone marrow stromal cells (hBMSC). Overall, 477 proteins were found interacting with at least one of four distinct sGAGs. Enrichment analysis for protein localization showed that mainly intracellular and cell-associated interacting proteins were identified. The interaction of sGAG with α2-macroglobulin receptor-associated protein (LRPAP1), exportin-1 (XPO1), and serine protease HTRA1 (HTRA1) was confirmed in reverse assays. Consecutive pathway and cluster analysis led to the identification of biological processes, namely processes involving binding and processing of nucleic acids, LRP1-dependent endocytosis, and exosome formation. Respecting the preferentially intracellular localization of sGAG in vesicle-like structures, also the interaction data indicate sGAG-specific modulation of vesicle-based transport processes. By identifying many sGAG-specific interacting proteins, our data provide a resource for upcoming studies aimed at molecular mechanisms and understanding of sGAG cellular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Großkopf
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Sarah Vogel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Claudia Damaris Müller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Sebastian Köhling
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Jan-Niklas Dürig
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Stephanie Möller
- Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e.V. Technologieentwicklung Jena, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Matthias Schnabelrauch
- Biomaterials Department, INNOVENT e.V. Technologieentwicklung Jena, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Jörg Rademann
- Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin D-14195, Germany
| | - Ute Hempel
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Medical Faculty, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden D-01307, Germany
| | - Martin von Bergen
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig D-04103, Germany
| | - Kristin Schubert
- Department of Molecular Systems Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH - UFZ, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
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Campion O, Thevenard Devy J, Billottet C, Schneider C, Etique N, Dupuy JW, Raymond AA, Boulagnon Rombi C, Meunier M, Djermoune EH, Lelièvre E, Wahart A, Bour C, Hachet C, Cairo S, Bikfalvi A, Dedieu S, Devy J. LRP-1 Matricellular Receptor Involvement in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Tumor Angiogenesis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9101430. [PMID: 34680548 PMCID: PMC8533426 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: LRP-1 is a multifunctional scavenger receptor belonging to the LDLR family. Due to its capacity to control pericellular levels of various growth factors and proteases, LRP-1 plays a crucial role in membrane proteome dynamics, which appears decisive for tumor progression. Methods: LRP-1 involvement in a TNBC model was assessed using an RNA interference strategy in MDA-MB-231 cells. In vivo, tumorigenic and angiogenic effects of LRP-1-repressed cells were evaluated using an orthotopic xenograft model and two angiogenic assays (Matrigel® plugs, CAM). DCE-MRI, FMT, and IHC were used to complete a tumor longitudinal follow-up and obtain morphological and functional vascular information. In vitro, HUVECs’ angiogenic potential was evaluated using a tumor secretome, subjected to a proteomic analysis to highlight LRP-1-dependant signaling pathways. Results: LRP-1 repression in MDA-MB-231 tumors led to a 60% growth delay because of, inter alia, morphological and functional vascular differences, confirmed by angiogenic models. In vitro, the LRP-1-repressed cells secretome restrained HUVECs’ angiogenic capabilities. A proteomics analysis revealed that LRP-1 supports tumor growth and angiogenesis by regulating TGF-β signaling and plasminogen/plasmin system. Conclusions: LRP-1, by its wide spectrum of interactions, emerges as an important matricellular player in the control of cancer-signaling events such as angiogenesis, by supporting tumor vascular morphology and functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Océane Campion
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Jessica Thevenard Devy
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Clotilde Billottet
- INSERM, LAMC, U1029, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France; (C.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Christophe Schneider
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Nicolas Etique
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | | | | | - Camille Boulagnon Rombi
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
- Laboratoire d’Anatomie Pathologie, CHU Reims, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Marie Meunier
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | | | - Elodie Lelièvre
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Amandine Wahart
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Camille Bour
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Cathy Hachet
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | | | - Andréas Bikfalvi
- INSERM, LAMC, U1029, Université de Bordeaux, 33600 Pessac, France; (C.B.); (A.B.)
| | - Stéphane Dedieu
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
| | - Jérôme Devy
- UFR Sciences Exactes et Naturelles, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51687 Reims, France; (O.C.); (J.T.D.); (C.S.); (N.E.); (M.M.); (E.L.); (A.W.); (C.B.); (C.H.); (S.D.)
- Matrice Extracellulaire et Dynamique Cellulaire, MEDyC, UMR 7369 CNRS, 51687 Reims, France;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) is a multifunctional protein with endocytic and signal transduction properties due to its interaction with numerous extracellular ligands and intracellular proteins. This brief review highlights key developments in identifying novel functions of LRP1 in liver, lung, and the central nervous system in disease pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS In hepatocytes, LRP1 complexes with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase-1 and its related protein to maintain intracellular levels of phosphatidylinositol (4,5) bisphosphate and preserve lysosome and mitochondria integrity. In contrast, in smooth muscle cells, macrophages, and endothelial cells, LRP1 interacts with various different extracellular ligands and intracellular proteins in a tissue-dependent and microenvironment-dependent manner to either enhance or suppress inflammation, disease progression or resolution. Similarly, LRP1 expression in astrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells regulates cell differentiation and maturation in a developmental-dependent manner to modulate neurogenesis, gliogenesis, and white matter repair after injury. SUMMARY LRP1 modulates metabolic disease manifestation, inflammation, and differentiation in a cell-dependent, time-dependent, and tissue-dependent manner. Whether LRP1 expression is protective or pathogenic is dependent on its interaction with specific ligands and intracellular proteins, which in turn is dependent on the cell type and the microenvironment where these cells reside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Jaeschke
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Metabolic Diseases Research Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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86
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Zafar R, Saleem T, Sheikh N, Maqbool H, Mukhtar M, Abbasi M. PRDM16, LRP1 and TRPM8 genetic polymorphisms are risk factor for Pakistani migraine patients. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5793-5799. [PMID: 34588893 PMCID: PMC8459056 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Migraine is a chronic neurovascular condition characterized by recurring attacks of pulsating headaches. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) identified many potential loci associated with migraine. To check the association of polymorphisms of PRDM16 (rs2651899), LRP1 (rs11172113), and TRPM8 (rs10166942) with migraine, the first time a case-control study was conducted in understudied Pakistani population. METHODS The study included 127 migraine patients (21 in migraine with aura and 106 with migraine without aura group) and 120 healthy control subjects from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. Blood samples were collected from all the participants, and DNA was isolated from the lymphocytes by the modified organic method. Sanger's sequencing was done for PRDM16 (rs2651899), LRP1 (rs11172113), and TRPM8 (rs10166942) in all the samples to check the genotype. Logistic regression analysis was done using SPSS 20.0 to check the association of these SNPs with migraine susceptibility. RESULTS We found statistically significant differences between case and control group for PRDM16 (rs2651899) at genotypic level (p < 0.001), allelic level (p < 0.001; OR 3.088; 95% CI 2.082-4.579) and for dominant model (p < 0.001; OR 5.437; 95% CI 3.112-9.498). The major findings of this study suggested that PRDM16 rs2651899 is strongly associated with migraine in overall and subgroup analysis of genotypes. LRP1 (rs11172113) showed significant association with migraine except in subgroup comparison. A similar trend of association was found for TRPM8 (rs10166942) however, significant association was found only at the allelic level but no significant difference was seen at the genotypic level between case and control. One novel mutation c.67 + 4436_67 + 4438delA was also identified in the current study near LRP1 (rs11172113) polymorphic site. CONCLUSION In this first-ever replication report from Pakistan, PRDM16 (rs2651899) was found as a potential genetic marker in migraine susceptibility while LRP1 (rs11172113) and TRPM8 (rs10166942) showed partial association in subgroup analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Zafar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - T. Saleem
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - N. Sheikh
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - H. Maqbool
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - M. Mukhtar
- Cell and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Institute of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - M.H. Abbasi
- Department of Zoology, University of Okara, Renala Khurd 56300, Pakistan
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Gonias SL. Plasminogen activator receptor assemblies in cell signaling, innate immunity, and inflammation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C721-C734. [PMID: 34406905 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00269.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) are serine proteases and major activators of fibrinolysis in mammalian systems. Because fibrinolysis is an essential component of the response to tissue injury, diverse cells, including cells that participate in the response to injury, have evolved receptor systems to detect tPA and uPA and initiate appropriate cell-signaling responses. Formation of functional receptor systems for the plasminogen activators requires assembly of diverse plasma membrane proteins, including but not limited to: the urokinase receptor (uPAR); integrins; N-formyl peptide receptor-2 (FPR2), receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R), and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1). The cell-signaling responses elicited by tPA and uPA impact diverse aspects of cell physiology. This review describes rapidly evolving knowledge regarding the structure and function of plasminogen activator receptor assemblies. How these receptor assemblies regulate innate immunity and inflammation is then considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven L Gonias
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, California
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88
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Yin X, Lu Y, Zou M, Wang L, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Su M. Synthesis and Characterization of Salinomycin-Loaded High-Density Lipoprotein and Its Effects on Cervical Cancer Cells and Cervical Cancer Stem Cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:6367-6382. [PMID: 34584409 PMCID: PMC8459968 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s326089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cervical cancer stem cells (CCSCs), a small part of tumor population, are one of the important reasons for metastasis and recurrence of cervical cancer. Targeting CCSCs may be an effective way to eliminate tumors. Salinomycin (Sal) has been proved to be an effective anticancer drug in many studies, especially for cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, the cytotoxicity of salinomycin limits its further research as an anticancer drug. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles are an excellent drug carrier, which can reduce the toxicity of Sal, have a certain targeting effect and improve the clinical benefit of Sal. Methods Salinomycin-loaded high-density lipoprotein (S-HDL) was synthesized and characterized by various analytical techniques. CD44highCD24low CCSCs were isolated from HeLa cells by magnetic separation. The uptake of HDL nanoparticles was observed by laser confocal microscopy, and the effect of S-HDL on the proliferation of CCCs and CCSCs was detected by cell viability analysis. Genome-wide analysis was used to analyze the effects of S-HDL on the biological processes of CCCs and then cell apoptosis, cell cycle and cell migration were selected for verification. Results S-HDL had a particle size of 38.98 ± 1.78 nm and an encapsulation efficiency of 50.73 ± 4.29%. Cell uptake analysis showed that HDL nanoparticles could enhance the drug uptake of CCCs and CCSCs and may target CCCs and CCSCs. In cell viability analysis, CCCs and CCSCs showed high sensitivity to S-HDL. S-HDL can more efficiently prevent CCSCs from developing tumorspheres than Sal in tumorsphere formation study. S-HDL had stronger ability to induce cell cycle arrest, promote cell apoptosis and inhibit cell migration compared with free Sal, which was consistent with the results of Genome Wide analysis. Conclusion S-HDL can effectively target and eliminate CCCs and CCSCs, which is a potential drug for the treatment of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Yin
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhui Lu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Zou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Liuli Wang
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingyu Zhang
- Department of Medical Science, Chang Chun Medical College, Changchun, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Su
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, People's Republic of China
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89
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Van Valkenburgh J, Meuret C, Martinez AE, Kodancha V, Solomon V, Chen K, Yassine HN. Understanding the Exchange of Systemic HDL Particles Into the Brain and Vascular Cells Has Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Front Physiol 2021; 12:700847. [PMID: 34552500 PMCID: PMC8450374 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.700847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) are complex, heterogenous lipoprotein particles, consisting of a large family of apolipoproteins, formed in subspecies of distinct shapes, sizes, and functions and are synthesized in both the brain and the periphery. HDL apolipoproteins are important determinants of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and vascular dementia, having both central and peripheral effects on brain amyloid-beta (Aβ) accumulation and vascular functions, however, the extent to which HDL particles (HLD-P) can exchange their protein and lipid components between the central nervous system (CNS) and the systemic circulation remains unclear. In this review, we delineate how HDL’s structure and composition enable exchange between the brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment, and vascular cells that ultimately affect brain amyloid metabolism and atherosclerosis. Accordingly, we then elucidate how modifications of HDL-P have diagnostic and therapeutic potential for brain vascular and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juno Van Valkenburgh
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Cristiana Meuret
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Ashley E Martinez
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Vibha Kodancha
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Victoria Solomon
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Hussein N Yassine
- Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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90
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Bang YJ, Hu Z, Li Y, Gattu S, Ruhn KA, Raj P, Herz J, Hooper LV. Serum amyloid A delivers retinol to intestinal myeloid cells to promote adaptive immunity. Science 2021; 373:eabf9232. [PMID: 34529485 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf9232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye-Ji Bang
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Zehan Hu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Sureka Gattu
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Kelly A Ruhn
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Prithvi Raj
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Joachim Herz
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Center for Translational Neurodegeneration Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neurology and Neurotherapeutics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lora V Hooper
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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91
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Deaton CA, Johnson GVW. Presenilin 1 Regulates Membrane Homeostatic Pathways that are Dysregulated in Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 77:961-977. [PMID: 32804090 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the PSEN1 gene, encoding presenilin 1 (PS1), are the most common cause of familial Alzheimer's disease (fAD). Since the first mutations in the PSEN1 gene were discovered more than 25 years ago, many postulated functions of PS1 have been investigated. The majority of earlier studies focused on its role as the catalytic component of the γ-secretase complex, which in concert with β site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), mediates the formation of Aβ from amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP). Though mutant PS1 was originally considered to cause AD by promoting Aβ pathology through its protease function, it is now becoming clear that PS1 is a multifunctional protein involved in regulating membrane dynamics and protein trafficking. Therefore, through loss of these abilities, mutant PS1 has the potential to impair numerous cellular functions such as calcium flux, organization of proteins in different compartments, and protein turnover via vacuolar metabolism. Impaired calcium signaling, vacuolar dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased ER stress, among other related membrane-dependent disturbances, have been considered critical to the development and progression of AD. Given that PS1 plays a key regulatory role in all these processes, this review will describe the role of PS1 in different cellular compartments and provide an integrated view of how PS1 dysregulation (due to mutations or other causes) could result in impairment of various cellular processes and result in a "multi-hit", integrated pathological outcome that could contribute to the etiology of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol A Deaton
- Cell Biology of Disease Program and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Gail V W Johnson
- Cell Biology of Disease Program and the Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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92
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Mao H, Li L, Fan Q, Angelini A, Saha PK, Coarfa C, Rajapakshe K, Perera D, Cheng J, Wu H, Ballantyne CM, Sun Z, Xie L, Pi X. Endothelium-specific depletion of LRP1 improves glucose homeostasis through inducing osteocalcin. Nat Commun 2021; 12:5296. [PMID: 34489478 PMCID: PMC8421392 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is present within metabolic organs and actively regulates energy metabolism. Here we show osteocalcin, recognized as a bone-secreted metabolic hormone, is expressed in mouse primary endothelial cells isolated from heart, lung and liver. In human osteocalcin promoter-driven green fluorescent protein transgenic mice, green fluorescent protein signals are enriched in endothelial cells lining aorta, small vessels and capillaries and abundant in aorta, skeletal muscle and eye of adult mice. The depletion of lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 induces osteocalcin through a Forkhead box O -dependent pathway in endothelial cells. Whereas depletion of osteocalcin abolishes the glucose-lowering effect of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 depletion, osteocalcin treatment normalizes hyperglycemia in multiple mouse models. Mechanistically, osteocalcin receptor-G protein-coupled receptor family C group 6 member A and insulin-like-growth-factor-1 receptor are in the same complex with osteocalcin and required for osteocalcin-promoted insulin signaling pathway. Therefore, our results reveal an endocrine/paracrine role of endothelial cells in regulating insulin sensitivity, which may have therapeutic implications in treating diabetes and insulin resistance through manipulating vascular endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Mao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Luge Li
- Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Qiying Fan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aude Angelini
- Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Pradip K Saha
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kimal Rajapakshe
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dimuthu Perera
- Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jizhong Cheng
- Department of Medicine, Section of Nephrology, Selzman Institute for Kidney Health, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christie M Ballantyne
- Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Sun
- Department of Medicine, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Diabetes Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Departments of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinchun Pi
- Department of Medicine, Section of Athero & Lipo, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. .,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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93
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Yamamoto K, Wilkinson D, Bou-Gharios G. Targeting Dysregulation of Metalloproteinase Activity in Osteoarthritis. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:277-290. [PMID: 32772139 PMCID: PMC8403128 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00739-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases were first identified as collagen cleaving enzymes and are now appreciated to play important roles in a wide variety of biological processes. The aberrant activity and dysregulation of the metalloproteinase family are linked to numerous diseases including cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, chronic wounds, cancer, fibrosis and arthritis. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent age-related joint disorder that causes pain and disability, but there are no disease-modifying drugs available. The hallmark of OA is loss of articular cartilage and elevated activities of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases are responsible. These enzymes do not exist in isolation and their activity is tightly regulated by a number of processes, such as transcription, proteolytic activation, interaction with their inhibitors, cell surface and extracellular matrix molecules, and endocytic clearance from the extracellular milieu. Here, we describe the functions and roles of metalloproteinase family in OA pathogenesis. We highlight recent studies that have illustrated novel mechanisms regulating their extracellular activity and impairment of such regulations that lead to the development of OA. We also discuss how to stop or slow down the degenerative processes by targeting aberrant metalloproteinase activity, which may in future become therapeutic interventions for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - David Wilkinson
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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94
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Hasan MM, Fahim SM, Das S, Gazi MA, Mahfuz M, Ahmed T. Association of plasma low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) with undernutrition: a case-control study in Bangladeshi adults. Biomarkers 2021; 26:625-631. [PMID: 34433325 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2021.1955974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies revealed that silencing of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) expression can cause inhibition of adipogenesis in animal model and contribute to reduced body size. But there is no study that has explored the association of LRP1 with body mass index (BMI) of human adults. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of LRP1 with undernutrition. METHODS A total of 270 Bangladeshi slum-dwelling adults were enrolled as case control design. Their socio-economic, demographic, anthropometric and biomedical data were collected. Plasma LRP1, C-reactive protein (CRP), alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) and ferritin levels were measured by ELISA, haemoglobin by HemoCue and zinc by atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS The median (IQR) values of plasma LRP1 were 1673.1 (1382.5-1886.2) ng/mL in healthy participants and 707.7 (588.6-839.9) ng/mL in undernourished participants, respectively. A strong positive correlation (r = 0.70, p < 0.05) between LRP1 and BMI was found. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between low plasma LRP1 (Adj. OR = 0.98, CI = 0.98, 0.99 and p < 0.05) and undernutrition. CONCLUSIONS The study found that increased level of LRP1 is associated with increased BMI, whereas lower level is associated with low BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Mehedi Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Subhasish Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Amran Gazi
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh.,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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95
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Gruschus JM, Yakovlev S, Banerjee K, Medved L, Tjandra N. Structural Basis for the Interaction of Fibrin with the Very Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Revealed by NMR and Site-Directed Mutagenesis. Biochemistry 2021; 60:2537-2548. [PMID: 34351135 PMCID: PMC10658778 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Interaction of fibrin with the very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) promotes transendothelial migration of leukocytes and thereby inflammation. To establish the structural basis for this interaction, we have previously localized the VLDLR-binding site to fibrin βN-domains including fibrin β chain sequence 15-64 and determined the NMR solution structure of the VLDLR(2-4) fragment containing fibrin-binding CR domains 2-4 of VLDLR. In this study, we identified amino acid residues in VLDLR and the βN-domains that are involved in the interaction using NMR and site-directed mutagenesis. The results obtained revealed that Lys47 and Lys53 of the second and third positively charged clusters of the βN-domain, respectively, interact with Trp20 and Asp25 of the CR2 domain and Trp63 and Glu68 of the CR3 domain, respectively. This finding indicates that Lys residues of the βN-domain interact with the Lys-binding site of the CR domains in a manner proposed earlier for the interaction of other members of the LDL receptor family with their ligands. In addition, Gly15 of the βN-domain and its first positively charged cluster contribute to the high-affinity interaction with VLDLR. Molecular modeling based on the results obtained and analysis of the previously published structures of such domains complexed with RAP and HRV2 allowed us to propose a model of interaction of fibrin βN-domains with the fibrin-binding CR domains of the VLDL receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Gruschus
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sergiy Yakovlev
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Koyeli Banerjee
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Leonid Medved
- Center for Vascular and Inflammatory Diseases and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, United States
| | - Nico Tjandra
- Laboratory of Structural Biophysics, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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96
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Hasan MM, Gazi MA, Das S, Fahim SM, Hossaini F, Alam MA, Mahfuz M, Ahmed T. Association of lipocalin-2 and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) with biomarkers of environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) among under 2 children in Bangladesh: results from a community-based intervention study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2021; 5:e001138. [PMID: 34423140 PMCID: PMC8340289 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2021-001138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is thought to occur from persistent intestinal inflammation. Studies also revealed the association of lipocalin-2 (LCN2) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) with intestinal inflammation. Therefore, we intended to explore the relationship of LCN2 and LRP1 with gut inflammation and biomarkers of EED in Bangladeshi malnourished children. Methods A total of 222 children (length-for-age z-score (LAZ) <-1) aged 12-18 months were enrolled in this study in a cross-sectional manner. Among the participants, 115 were stunted (LAZ <-2) and 107 were at risk of being stunted (LAZ -1 to -2) children. Plasma and faecal biomarkers were measured using ELISA. Spearman's rank correlation was done to see the correlation among LCN2, LRP1 and biological biomarkers. Results LCN2 correlates positively with myeloperoxidase (r=0.19, p=0.005), neopterin (r=0.20, p=0.004), calprotectin (r=0.3, p=0.0001), Reg1B (r=0.20, p=0.003) and EED score (r=0.20, p=0.003). Whereas, LRP1 correlates negatively with myeloperoxidase (r = -0.18, p=0.006), neopterin (r = -0.30, p=0.0001), alpha-1-antitrypsin (r = -0.18, p=0.006), Reg1B (r=-0.2, p=0.003) and EED score (r = -0.29, p=0.0001). Conclusions Our findings imply that LCN2 might be a promising biomarker to predict gut inflammation and EED. Whereas, increased level of LRP1 may contribute to alleviating intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Mehedi Hasan
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Amran Gazi
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Subhasish Das
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Fahim
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Farzana Hossaini
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Alam
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mustafa Mahfuz
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Tahmeed Ahmed
- Nutrition and Clinical Services Division (NCSD), International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh (icddr, b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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97
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Guo S, Chen Y, Liu J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Zhou Z, Wei W. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 is a CROPs-associated receptor for Clostridioides difficile toxin B. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:107-118. [PMID: 34279819 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-1943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
As the leading cause of worldwide hospital-acquired infection, Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection has caused heavy economic and hospitalized burden, while its pathogenesis is not fully understood. Toxin B (TcdB) is one of the major virulent factors of C. difficile. Recently, CSPG4 and FZD2 were reported to be the receptors that mediate TcdB cellular entry. However, genetic ablation of genes encoding these receptors failed to completely block TcdB entry, implicating the existence of alternative receptor(s) for this toxin. Here, by employing the CRISPR-Cas9 screen in CSPG4-deficient HeLa cells, we identified LDL receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) as a novel receptor for TcdB. Knockout of LRP1 in both CSPG4-deficient HeLa cells and colonic epithelium Caco2 cells conferred cells with increased TcdB resistance, while LRP1 overexpression sensitized cells to TcdB at a low concentration. Co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that LRP1 interacts with full-length TcdB. Moreover, CROPs domain, which is dispensable for TcdB's interaction with CSPG4 and FZD2, is sufficient for binding to LRP1. As such, our study provided evidence for a novel mechanism of TcdB entry and suggested potential therapeutic targets for treating C. diff.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjie Guo
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yiou Chen
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jingze Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xinyi Zhang
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhiheng Liu
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhuo Zhou
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
| | - Wensheng Wei
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University Genome Editing Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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98
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Rong J, Tao X, Lin Y, Zheng H, Ning L, Lu HS, Daugherty A, Shi P, Mullick AE, Chen S, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang J. Loss of Hepatic Angiotensinogen Attenuates Sepsis-Induced Myocardial Dysfunction. Circ Res 2021; 129:547-564. [PMID: 34238019 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.318075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rationale: The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) is a complex regulatory network that maintains normal physiological functions. The role of the RAS in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (SIMD) is poorly defined. Angiotensinogen (AGT) is the unique precursor of the RAS and gives rise to all angiotensin peptides. The effects and mechanisms of AGT in development of SIMD have not been defined. Objective: To determine a role of AGT in SIMD and investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods and Results: Either intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) significantly enhanced AGT abundances in liver, heart, and plasma. Deficiency of hepatocyte-derived AGT (hepAGT), rather than cardiomyocyte-derived AGT (carAGT), alleviated septic cardiac dysfunction in mice and prolonged survival time. Further investigations revealed that the effects of hepAGT on SIMD were partially associated with augmented angiotensin II (AngII) production in circulation. In addition, hepAGT was internalized by LDL receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) in cardiac fibroblasts (CF), and subsequently activated NLRP3 inflammasome via an AngII-independent pathway, ultimately promoting SIMD by suppressing Sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) abundances in cardiomyocytes (CM). Conclusions: HepAGT promoted SIMD via both AngII-dependent and AngII-independent pathways. We identified a liver-heart axis by which AGT regulated development of SIMD. Our study may provide a potential novel therapeutic target for SIMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabing Rong
- Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Xinran Tao
- Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Yao Lin
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Haiqiong Zheng
- Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang university, CHINA
| | - Le Ning
- Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine
| | - Hong S Lu
- Physiology, University of Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - Alan Daugherty
- Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, UNITED STATES
| | - Peng Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University, CHINA
| | - Adam E Mullick
- Antisense Drug Discovery, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, UNITED STATES
| | - Sicong Chen
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Zhaocai Zhang
- Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, CHINA
| | - Yinchuan Xu
- Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang university, CHINA
| | - Jian'an Wang
- Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, CHINA
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99
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CD91 Derived Treg Epitope Modulates Regulatory T Lymphocyte Response, Regulates Expression of Costimulatory Molecules on Antigen-Presenting Cells, and Rescues Pregnancy in Mouse Pregnancy Loss Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147296. [PMID: 34298914 PMCID: PMC8304956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The loss of immune tolerance to fetal antigens may result in reproductive failure. The downregulated number and activity of T regulatory lymphocytes, which are critical for the establishment of immune tolerance to fetal antigens, during pregnancy may lead to miscarriage. The adoptive transfer of Tregs prevents fetal loss in abortion-prone mice. Recently, we demonstrated that the administration of tregitopes, which are short peptides found in human and mouse immunoglobulins (IgGs), decreased the incidence of abortions in female CBA/J mice mated with DBA/2J mice. Here, two non-IgG source peptides (SGS and LKD) that can potentially bind to the major histocompatibility complex II (MHC II) with high affinity and induce Treg expansion were designed in silico. The immune dysregulation-induced pregnancy failure mouse model was used to evaluate the effect of SGS and LKD on immune response and pregnancy outcome. The fetal death rate in the SGS-treated group was lower than that in the phosphate-buffered saline-treated group. SGS and LKD upregulated the splenic pool of Tregs and modulated the T-helper cell (Th1)/Th2-related cytokine response at the preimplantation stage. Additionally, SGS and LKD downregulated the expression of CD80 and MHC class II molecules in splenic CD11c+ antigen-presenting cells. Thus, SGS treatment can result in beneficial pregnancy outcomes. Additionally, SGS peptide-mediated immunomodulation can be a potential therapeutic strategy for immune dysregulation-induced pregnancy failure.
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100
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Wan B, Belghazi M, Lemauf S, Poirié M, Gatti JL. Proteomics of purified lamellocytes from Drosophila melanogaster HopT um-l identifies new membrane proteins and networks involved in their functions. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 134:103584. [PMID: 34033897 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2021.103584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In healthy Drosophila melanogaster larvae, plasmatocytes and crystal cells account for 95% and 5% of the hemocytes, respectively. A third type of hemocytes, lamellocytes, are rare, but their number increases after oviposition by parasitoid wasps. The lamellocytes form successive layers around the parasitoid egg, leading to its encapsulation and melanization, and finally the death of this intruder. However, the total number of lamellocytes per larva remains quite low even after parasitoid infestation, making direct biochemical studies difficult. Here, we used the HopTum-l mutant strain that constitutively produces large numbers of lamellocytes to set up a purification method and analyzed their major proteins by 2D gel electrophoresis and their plasma membrane surface proteins by 1D SDS-PAGE after affinity purification. Mass spectrometry identified 430 proteins from 2D spots and 344 affinity-purified proteins from 1D bands, for a total of 639 unique proteins. Known lamellocyte markers such as PPO3 and the myospheroid integrin were among the components identified with specific chaperone proteins. Affinity purification detected other integrins, as well as a wide range of integrin-associated proteins involved in the formation and function of cell-cell junctions. Overall, the newly identified proteins indicate that these cells are highly adapted to the encapsulation process (recognition, motility, adhesion, signaling), but may also have several other physiological functions (such as secretion and internalization of vesicles) under different signaling pathways. These results provide the basis for further in vivo and in vitro studies of lamellocytes, including the development of new markers to identify coexisting populations and their respective origins and functions in Drosophila immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wan
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institute Sophia-Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Maya Belghazi
- Institute of NeuroPhysiopathology (INP), UMR7051, CNRS, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, 13015, France
| | - Séverine Lemauf
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institute Sophia-Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Marylène Poirié
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institute Sophia-Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France
| | - Jean-Luc Gatti
- Université Côte d'Azur, INRAE, CNRS, Institute Sophia-Agrobiotech, Sophia Antipolis, France.
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