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Cardenas-Perez RE, Fuentes-Mera L, de la Garza AL, Torre-Villalvazo I, Reyes-Castro LA, Rodriguez-Rocha H, Garcia-Garcia A, Corona-Castillo JC, Tovar AR, Zambrano E, Ortiz-Lopez R, Saville J, Fuller M, Camacho A. Maternal overnutrition by hypercaloric diets programs hypothalamic mitochondrial fusion and metabolic dysfunction in rat male offspring. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:38. [PMID: 29991958 PMCID: PMC5987395 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0279-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal overnutrition including pre-pregnancy, pregnancy and lactation promotes a lipotoxic insult leading to metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Diet-induced obesity models (DIO) show that changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics modulate metabolic dysfunction. Using three selective diet formula including a High fat diet (HFD), Cafeteria (CAF) and High Sugar Diet (HSD), we hypothesized that maternal diets exposure program leads to selective changes in hypothalamic mitochondria fusion and fission dynamics in male offspring leading to metabolic dysfunction which is exacerbated by a second exposure after weaning. Methods We exposed female Wistar rats to nutritional programming including Chow, HFD, CAF, or HSD for 9 weeks (pre-mating, mating, pregnancy and lactation) or to the same diets to offspring after weaning. We determined body weight, food intake and metabolic parameters in the offspring from 21 to 60 days old. Hypothalamus was dissected at 60 days old to determine mitochondria-ER interaction markers by mRNA expression and western blot and morphology by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mitochondrial-ER function was analyzed by confocal microscopy using hypothalamic cell line mHypoA-CLU192. Results Maternal programming by HFD and CAF leads to failure in glucose, leptin and insulin sensitivity and fat accumulation. Additionally, HFD and CAF programming promote mitochondrial fusion by increasing the expression of MFN2 and decreasing DRP1, respectively. Further, TEM analysis confirms that CAF exposure after programing leads to an increase in mitochondria fusion and enhanced mitochondrial-ER interaction, which partially correlates with metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in the HFD and CAF groups. Finally, we identified that lipotoxic palmitic acid stimulus in hypothalamic cells increases Ca2+ overload into mitochondria matrix leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. Conclusions We concluded that maternal programming by HFD induces hypothalamic mitochondria fusion, metabolic dysfunction and fat accumulation in male offspring, which is exacerbated by HFD or CAF exposure after weaning, potentially due to mitochondria calcium overflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robbi E Cardenas-Perez
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,2Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Lizeth Fuentes-Mera
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ana Laura de la Garza
- 3Centro de Investigacion en Nutricion y Salud Publica, Facultad de Salud Publica y Nutricion, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Ivan Torre-Villalvazo
- 4Departamento Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis A Reyes-Castro
- 5Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico
| | - Humberto Rodriguez-Rocha
- 6Departmento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Aracely Garcia-Garcia
- 6Departmento de Histología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Armando R Tovar
- 4Departamento Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Elena Zambrano
- 5Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Medicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubiran, México City, Mexico
| | - Rocio Ortiz-Lopez
- 8Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Instituto Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Jennifer Saville
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maria Fuller
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, SA Pathology at Women's and Children's Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alberto Camacho
- 1Departmento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,2Unidad de Neurometabolismo, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Mexico.,10Departamento de Bioquimica y Medicina Molecular. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Ave. Francisco I Madero y Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño s/n. Colonia Mitras Centro, C.P. 64460 Monterrey, Nuevo Leon Mexico
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Riesche L, Tardif SD, Ross CN, deMartelly VA, Ziegler T, Rutherford JN. The common marmoset monkey: avenues for exploring the prenatal, placental, and postnatal mechanisms in developmental programming of pediatric obesity. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2018; 314:R684-R692. [PMID: 29412686 PMCID: PMC6008109 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00164.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Animal models have been critical in building evidence that the prenatal experience and intrauterine environment are capable of exerting profound and permanent effects on metabolic health through developmental programming of obesity. However, despite physiological and evolutionary similarities, nonhuman primate models are relatively rare. The common marmoset monkey ( Callithrix jacchus) is a New World monkey that has been used as a biomedical model for well more than 50 years and has recently been framed as an appropriate model for exploring early-life impacts on later health and disease. The spontaneous, multifactorial, and early-life development of obesity in the common marmoset make it a valuable research model for advancing our knowledge about the role of the prenatal and placental mechanisms involved in developmental programming of obesity. This paper provides a brief overview of obesity in the common marmoset, followed by a discussion of marmoset reproduction and placental characteristics. We then discuss the occurrence and utility of variable intrauterine environments in developmental programming in marmosets. Evidence of developmental programming of obesity will be given, and finally, we put forward future directions and innovations for including the placenta in developmental programming of obesity in the common marmoset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laren Riesche
- University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | - Toni Ziegler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center , Madison, Wisconsin
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Early changes in tissue amino acid metabolism and nutrient routing in rats fed a high-fat diet: evidence from natural isotope abundances of nitrogen and carbon in tissue proteins. Br J Nutr 2018; 119:981-991. [PMID: 29502540 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114518000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about how diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance affect protein and amino acid (AA) metabolism in tissues. The natural relative abundances of the heavy stable isotopes of C (δ 13C) and N (δ 15N) in tissue proteins offer novel and promising biomarkers of AA metabolism. They, respectively, reflect the use of dietary macronutrients for tissue AA synthesis and the relative metabolic use of tissue AA for oxidation v. protein synthesis. In this study, δ 13C and δ 15N were measured in the proteins of various tissues in young adult rats exposed perinatally and/or fed after weaning with a normal- or a high-fat (HF) diet, the aim being to characterise HF-induced tissue-specific changes in AA metabolism. HF feeding was shown to increase the routing of dietary fat to all tissue proteins via non-indispensable AA synthesis, but did not affect AA allocation between catabolic and anabolic processes in most tissues. However, the proportion of AA directed towards oxidation rather than protein synthesis was increased in the small intestine and decreased in the tibialis anterior muscle and adipose tissue. In adipose tissue, the AA reallocation was observed in the case of perinatal or post-weaning exposure to HF, whereas in the small intestine and tibialis anterior muscle the AA reallocation was only observed after HF exposure that covered both the perinatal and post-weaning periods. In conclusion, HF exposure induced an early reorganisation of AA metabolism involving tissue-specific effects, and in particular a decrease in the relative allocation of AA to oxidation in several peripheral tissues.
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Ayonrinde OT, Adams LA, Mori TA, Beilin LJ, de Klerk N, Pennell CE, White S, Olynyk JK. Sex differences between parental pregnancy characteristics and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adolescents. Hepatology 2018; 67:108-122. [PMID: 28665032 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a complex chronic liver disorder. Examination of parental pregnancy-related characteristics may provide insights into the origins of risk of NAFLD in offspring. We examined relationships between parental pregnancy-related characteristics and NAFLD in 1,170 adolescent offspring aged 17 years participating in the Western Australian Pregnancy (Raine) Cohort Study. Fatty liver was diagnosed using liver ultrasound. NAFLD was diagnosed in 15.2% of adolescents at age 17 years. In univariate analysis, maternal factors associated with NAFLD in female offspring were younger maternal age (P = 0.02), higher maternal prepregnancy BMI (P < 0.001), higher maternal weight gain by 18 weeks' gestation (P < 0.001), and maternal smoking during pregnancy (P = 0.04). Paternal age or body mass index (BMI) were not associated with NAFLD in female offspring. In contrast, higher paternal BMI (P < 0.001), maternal prepregnancy BMI (P < 0.001), and lower family socioeconomic status (SES) at time of birth (P = 0.001), but not parental age nor maternal gestational weight gain, were associated with NAFLD in male offspring. Using multivariate logistic regression, factors independently associated with NAFLD after adjusting for obesity in adolescent females included maternal obesity (odds ratio [OR], 3.46; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.49-8.05; P = 0.004) and maternal weight gain ≥6.0 kg by the 18th week of gestation (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.04-1.15; P < 0.001). In adolescent males, family SES at the time of birth (OR, 9.07; 95% CI, 1.54-53.29; P = 0.02) remained significantly associated with NAFLD after multivariate modeling adjusted for adolescent obesity. CONCLUSION Early-life contributors to NAFLD show considerable sexual dimorphism. Maternal obesity and higher early-mid gestational weight gain were associated with NAFLD in female offspring, whereas lower family SES at birth was associated with NAFLD in male offspring independent of adolescent obesity. (Hepatology 2018;67:108-122).
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Affiliation(s)
- Oyekoya T Ayonrinde
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Leon A Adams
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Department of Hepatology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- School of Medicine and Pharmacology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Nicholas de Klerk
- Telethon Kids Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Scott White
- School of Women's and Infants Health, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - John K Olynyk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Murdoch, WA, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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Santos CDS, Balbo SL, Guimarães ATB, Sagae SC, Negretti F, Grassiolli S. Life-long Maternal Cafeteria Diet Promotes Tissue-Specific Morphological Changes in Male Offspring Adult Rats. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:2887-2900. [PMID: 29267799 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720170316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we evaluated whether the exposure of rats to a cafeteria diet pre- and/or post-weaning, alters histological characteristics in the White Adipose Tissue (WAT), Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT), and liver of adult male offspring. Female Wistar rats were divided into Control (CTL; fed on standard rodent chow) and Cafeteria (CAF; fed with the cafeteria diet throughout life, including pregnancy and lactation). After birth, only male offspring (F1) were maintained and received the CTL or CAF diets; originating four experimental groups: CTL-CTLF1; CTL-CAFF1; CAF-CTLF1; CAF-CAFF1. Data of biometrics, metabolic parameters, liver, BAT and WAT histology were assessed and integrated using the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). According to PCA analysis worse metabolic and biometric characteristics in adulthood are associated with the post-weaning CAF diet compared to pre and post weaning CAF diet. Thus, the CTL-CAFF1 group showed obesity, higher deposition of fat in the liver and BAT and high fasting plasma levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol. Interestingly, the association between pre and post-weaning CAF diet attenuated the obesity and improved the plasma levels of glucose and triglycerides compared to CTL-CAFF1 without avoiding the higher lipid accumulation in BAT and in liver, suggesting that the impact of maternal CAF diet is tissue-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne D S Santos
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo/LAFEM, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde/CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná/UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Sandra L Balbo
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo/LAFEM, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde/CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná/UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana T B Guimarães
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo/LAFEM, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde/CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná/UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Sara C Sagae
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo/LAFEM, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde/CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná/UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Fábio Negretti
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo/LAFEM, Centro de Ciências Médicas e Farmacêuticas/CCMF, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná/UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Grassiolli
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Endócrina e Metabolismo/LAFEM, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde/CCBS, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná/UNIOESTE, Rua Universitária, 2069, Jardim Universitário, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
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Sanders TR, Glendining KA, Jasoni CL. Obesity during pregnancy in the mouse alters the Netrin-1 responsiveness of foetal arcuate nucleus neuropeptide Y neurones. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 29121420 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
When individuals undergo gestation in an obese dam, they are at increased risk for impairments in the ability of the brain to regulate body weight. In rodents, gestation in an obese dam leads to a number of changes to the development of the hypothalamic neurones that regulate body weight, including reduced neuronal connectivity at birth. In the present study, we aimed to clarify how this neural circuitry develops normally, as well as to explore the mechanism underpinning the deficiency in connectivity seen in foetuses developing in obese dams. First, we developed an in vitro model for observing and manipulating the axonal growth of foetal arcuate nucleus (ARN) neuropeptide (NPY) neurones. We then used this model to test 2 hypotheses: (i) ARN NPY neurones respond to Netrin-1, one of a small number of axon growth and guidance factors that regulate neural circuit formation throughout the developing brain; and (ii) Netrin-1 responsiveness would be lost upon exposure to the inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6, which is elevated in foetuses developing in obese dams. We observed that ARN NPY neurones responded to Netrin-1 with a significant expansion of their growth cones, comprising the terminal apparatus that neurones use to navigate. Unexpectedly, we found further that NPY neurones from obese pregnancies had a reduced responsiveness to Netrin-1, raising the possibility that ARN NPY neurones from foetuses developing in obese dams were phenotypically different from normal NPY neurones. Finally, we observed that IL-6 treatment of normal NPY neurones in vitro led to a reduced growth cone responsiveness to Netrin-1, essentially causing them to behave similarly to NPY neurones from obese pregnancies. These results support the hypothesis that IL-6 can disrupt the normal process of axon growth from NPY neurones, and suggest one possible mechanism for how the body weight regulating circuitry fails to develop properly in the offspring of obese dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Sanders
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - K A Glendining
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - C L Jasoni
- Department of Anatomy, Centre for Neuroendocrinology, University of Otago School of Medical Sciences, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Duque-Guimarães D, Ozanne S. Early nutrition and ageing: can we intervene? Biogerontology 2017; 18:893-900. [PMID: 28357523 PMCID: PMC5684303 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-017-9691-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ageing, a complex process that results in progressive decline in intrinsic physiological function leading to an increase in mortality rate, has been shown to be affected by early life nutrition. Accumulating data from animal and epidemiological studies indicate that exposure to a suboptimal nutritional environment during fetal life can have long-term effects on adult health. In this paper, we discuss the impact of early life nutrition on the development of age-associated diseases and life span. Special emphasis is given to studies that have investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. These include permanent structural and cellular changes including epigenetics modifications, oxidative stress, DNA damage and telomere shortening. Potential strategies targeting these mechanisms, in order to prevent or alleviate the detrimental effects of suboptimal early nutrition on lifespan and age-related diseases, are also discussed. Although recent reports have already identified effective therapeutic interventions, such as antioxidant supplementation, further understanding of the extent and nature of how early nutrition influences the ageing process will enable the development of novel and more effective approaches to improve health and extend human lifespan in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Duque-Guimarães
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Susan Ozanne
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Uddin GM, Youngson NA, Doyle BM, Sinclair DA, Morris MJ. Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supplementation ameliorates the impact of maternal obesity in mice: comparison with exercise. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15063. [PMID: 29118320 PMCID: PMC5678092 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14866-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition increases the risk of long-term metabolic dysfunction in offspring. Exercise improves metabolism partly by upregulating mitochondrial biogenesis or function, via increased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). We have shown that the NAD+ precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) can reverse some of the negative consequences of high fat diet (HFD) consumption. To investigate whether NMN can impact developmentally-set metabolic deficits, we compared treadmill exercise and NMN injection in offspring of obese mothers. Five week old lean and obese female C57BL6/J mice were mated with chow fed males. Female offspring weaned onto HFD were given treadmill exercise for 9 weeks, or NMN injection daily for 18 days. Maternal obesity programmed increased adiposity and liver triglycerides, with decreased glucose tolerance, liver NAD+ levels and citrate synthase activity in offspring. Both interventions reduced adiposity, and showed a modest improvement in glucose tolerance and improved markers of mitochondrial function. NMN appeared to have stronger effects on liver fat catabolism (Hadh) and synthesis (Fasn) than exercise. The interventions appeared to exert the most global benefit in mice that were most metabolically challenged (HFD-consuming offspring of obese mothers). This work encourages further study to confirm the suitability of NMN for use in reversing metabolic dysfunction linked to programming by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Golam Mezbah Uddin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia
| | - Neil A Youngson
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia
| | - Bronte M Doyle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia
- Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for the Biology of Aging, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA-02115, USA
| | - Margaret J Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW-2032, Australia.
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Tuyet LT, Nhung BT, Dao DTA, Hanh NTH, Tuyen LD, Binh TQ, Thuc VTM. The Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Val66Met Polymorphism, Delivery Method, Birth Weight, and Night Sleep Duration as Determinants of Obesity in Vietnamese Children of Primary School Age. Child Obes 2017; 13:392-399. [PMID: 28471701 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2017.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex disease that involves both environmental and genetic factors in its pathogenesis. Several studies have identified multiple obesity-associated loci in many populations. However, their contribution to obesity in the Vietnamese population is not fully described, especially in children. The study aimed to investigate the association of obesity with Val66Met polymorphism in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene, delivery method, birth weight, and lifestyle factors in Vietnamese primary school children. METHODS A case-control study was conducted on 559 children aged 6-11 years (278 obese cases and 281 normal controls). The obesity of the children was classified using both criteria of International Obesity Task Force (IOTF, 2000) and World Health Organization (WHO, 2007). Lifestyle factors, birth delivery, and birth weight of the children were self-reported by parents. The BDNF genotype was analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Association was evaluated by multivariate logistic regression and cross-validated by the Bayesian model averaging method. RESULTS The most significantly independent factors for obesity were delivery method (cesarean section vs. vaginal delivery, β = 0.56, p = 0.007), birth weight (>3500 to <4000 g vs. 2500-3500 g, β = 0.52, p = 0.035; ≥4000 g vs. 2500-3500 g, β = 1.06, p = 0.015), night sleep duration (<8 h/day vs. ≥8 h/day, β = 0.99, p < 0.0001), and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism (AA and GG vs. AG, β = 0.38, p = 0.039). CONCLUSIONS The study suggested the significant association of delivery method, birth weight, night sleep duration, and BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, with obesity in Vietnamese primary school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Thi Tuyet
- 1 Department of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education , Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Duong Thi Anh Dao
- 1 Department of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education , Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Hanh
- 1 Department of Biology, Hanoi National University of Education , Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Tran Quang Binh
- 2 National Institute of Nutrition , Hanoi, Vietnam .,3 Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology , Hanoi, Vietnam .,4 Dinh Tien Hoang Institute of Medicine , Hanoi, Vietnam
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Khan N, Peters RA, Richardson E, Robert KA. Maternal corticosterone exposure has transgenerational effects on grand-offspring. Biol Lett 2017; 12:rsbl.2016.0627. [PMID: 27807250 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2016.0627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The hormone fluctuations that an animal experiences during ovulation can have lifelong effects on developing offspring. These hormones may act as an adaptive mechanism, allowing offspring to be 'pre-programmed' to survive in an unstable environment. Here, we used a transgenerational approach to examine the effects of elevated maternal corticosterone (CORT) on the future reproductive success of female offspring. We show that female zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) exposed to embryonic CORT produce daughters that have equal reproductive success (clutch sizes, fertility, hatching success) compared with the daughters produced from untreated mothers, but their offspring had accelerated post-hatching growth rates and were significantly heavier by nutritional independence. Although there was no significant effect on primary offspring sex ratio, females from CORT-treated mothers produced significantly female-biased clutches by nutritional independence. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first record of a transgenerational sex ratio bias in response to elevated maternal CORT in any avian species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Khan
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia .,Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Richard A Peters
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emily Richardson
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kylie A Robert
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Impacts of maternal diet and exercise on offspring behavior and body weights. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2017; 63:46-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sullivan EL, Rivera HM, True CA, Franco JG, Baquero K, Dean TA, Valleau JC, Takahashi DL, Frazee T, Hanna G, Kirigiti MA, Bauman LA, Grove KL, Kievit P. Maternal and postnatal high-fat diet consumption programs energy balance and hypothalamic melanocortin signaling in nonhuman primate offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R169-R179. [PMID: 28404581 PMCID: PMC5582949 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00309.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Maternal high-fat-diet (HFD) consumption during pregnancy decreased fetal body weight and impacted development of hypothalamic melanocortin neural circuitry in nonhuman primate offspring. We investigated whether these impairments during gestation persisted in juvenile offspring and examined the interaction between maternal and early postnatal HFD consumption. Adult dams consumed either a control diet (CTR; 15% calories from fat) or a high-saturated-fat diet (HFD; 37% calories from fat) during pregnancy. Offspring were weaned onto a CTR or HFD at ~8 mo of age. Offspring from HFD-fed dams displayed early catch-up growth and elevated body weight at 6 and 13 mo of age. Maternal and postnatal HFD exposure reduced the amount of agouti-related peptide fibers in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. Postnatal HFD consumption also decreased the amount of agouti-related peptide fibers in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Postnatal HFD was associated with decreased food intake and increased activity. These results support and extend our previous findings of maternal diet effects on fetal development and reveal, for the first time in a nonhuman primate model, that maternal HFD-induced disturbances in offspring body weight regulation extended past gestation into the juvenile period. Maternal HFD consumption increases the risk for offspring developing obesity, with the developmental timing of HFD exposure differentially impacting the melanocortin system and energy balance regulation. The present findings provide translational insight into human clinical populations, suggesting that profound health consequences may await individuals later in life following intrauterine and postnatal HFD exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor L Sullivan
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
- Department of Biology, University of Portland, Portland, Oregon; and
| | - Heidi M Rivera
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Cadence A True
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Juliana G Franco
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Karalee Baquero
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Tyler A Dean
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Jeanette C Valleau
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Diana L Takahashi
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Tim Frazee
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Genevieve Hanna
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Melissa A Kirigiti
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Leigh A Bauman
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Kevin L Grove
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
| | - Paul Kievit
- Division of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Beaverton, Oregon
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Thakali KM, Faske JB, Ishwar A, Alfaro MP, Cleves MA, Badger TM, Andres A, Shankar K. Maternal obesity and gestational weight gain are modestly associated with umbilical cord DNA methylation. Placenta 2017; 57:194-203. [PMID: 28864012 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal obesity (OB) and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) are strong independent contributors that augment obesity risk in offspring. However, direct evidence of epigenetic changes associated with maternal habitus remains sparse. METHODS We utilized Bisulfite Amplicon Sequencing (BSAS) to conduct targeted DNA methylation association analysis of maternal obesity and excessive GWG with DNA methylation of select metabolism-related and imprinted genes. Umbilical cord (UC) tissue from infants born to normal weight and overweight/obese women from the Glowing study were utilized (n = 78). RESULTS In multivariable linear regression adjusted for relevant confounders, Institute on Medicine (IOM) GWG category and infant sex were significantly associated with UC IGFBP1 methylation, while gestation length was significantly associated with UC PRKAA1 methylation. In addition, infant fat mass (%) at 2 weeks of age was significantly associated with umbilical cord methylation of RAPTOR. While regression tree analysis confirmed findings from multivariable models demonstrating that maternal early pregnancy BMI and IOM GWG category are associated with fetal UC DNA methylation patterns for select metabolic and imprinted genes, in general, effect sizes were quite small and statistical significance was not maintained when accounting for multiple testing. DISCUSSION Our findings suggest that maternal obesity and excessive GWG are weakly correlated with offspring DNA methylation patterns at birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Arjun Ishwar
- Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Mario A Cleves
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Thomas M Badger
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Aline Andres
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Arkansas Children's Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Chin EH, Schmidt KL, Martel KM, Wong CK, Hamden JE, Gibson WT, Soma KK, Christians JK. A maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet has sex-specific effects on fetal glucocorticoids with little consequence for offspring metabolism and voluntary locomotor activity in mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0174030. [PMID: 28301585 PMCID: PMC5354465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0174030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition and obesity during pregnancy can have long-term effects on offspring physiology and behaviour. These developmental programming effects may be mediated by fetal exposure to glucocorticoids, which is regulated in part by placental 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11β-HSD) type 1 and 2. We tested whether a maternal high-fat, high-sucrose diet would alter expression of placental 11β-HSD1 and 2, thereby increasing fetal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids, with downstream effects on offspring physiology and behaviour. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diet or a nutrient-matched low-fat, no-sucrose control diet prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. At day 17 of gestation, HFHS dams had ~20% lower circulating corticosterone levels than controls. Furthermore, there was a significant interaction between maternal diet and fetal sex for circulating corticosterone levels in the fetuses, whereby HFHS males tended to have higher corticosterone than control males, with no effect in female fetuses. However, placental 11β-HSD1 or 11β-HSD2 expression did not differ between diets or show an interaction between diet and sex. To assess potential long-term consequences of this sex-specific effect on fetal corticosterone, we studied locomotor activity and metabolic traits in adult offspring. Despite a sex-specific effect of maternal diet on fetal glucocorticoids, there was little evidence of sex-specific effects on offspring physiology or behaviour, although HFHS offspring of both sexes had higher circulating corticosterone at 9 weeks of age. Our results suggest the existence of as yet unknown mechanisms that mitigate the effects of altered glucocorticoid exposure early in development, making offspring resilient to the potentially negative effects of a HFHS maternal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice H. Chin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Kim L. Schmidt
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kaitlyn M. Martel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Chi Kin Wong
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Jordan E. Hamden
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - William T. Gibson
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia and BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kiran K. Soma
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Julian K. Christians
- Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Glastras SJ, Chen H, Tsang M, Teh R, McGrath RT, Zaky A, Chen J, Wong MG, Pollock CA, Saad S. The renal consequences of maternal obesity in offspring are overwhelmed by postnatal high fat diet. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172644. [PMID: 28225809 PMCID: PMC5321436 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Developmental programming induced by maternal obesity influences the development of chronic disease in offspring. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether maternal obesity exaggerates obesity-related kidney disease. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned to normal chow or HFD. At postnatal Week 8, HFD-fed offspring were administered one dose streptozotocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg i.p.) or vehicle control. Metabolic parameters and renal functional and structural changes were observed at postnatal Week 32. RESULTS HFD-fed offspring had increased adiposity, glucose intolerance and hyperlipidaemia, associated with increased albuminuria and serum creatinine levels. Their kidneys displayed structural changes with increased levels of fibrotic, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. STZ administration did not potentiate the renal effects of HFD. Though maternal obesity had a sustained effect on serum creatinine and oxidative stress markers in lean offspring, the renal consequences of maternal obesity were overwhelmed by the powerful effect of diet-induced obesity. CONCLUSION Maternal obesity portends significant risks for metabolic and renal health in adult offspring. However, diet-induced obesity is an overwhelming and potent stimulus for the development of CKD that is not potentiated by maternal obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J. Glastras
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael Tsang
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel Teh
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rachel T. McGrath
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Amgad Zaky
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jason Chen
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, NSW, Australia
| | - Muh Geot Wong
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A. Pollock
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Department of Medicine, Kolling Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Miranda RA, da Silva Franco CC, de Oliveira JC, Barella LF, Tófolo LP, Ribeiro TA, Pavanello A, da Conceição EPS, Torrezan R, Armitage J, Lisboa PC, de Moura EG, de Freitas Mathias PC, Vieira E. Cross-fostering reduces obesity induced by early exposure to monosodium glutamate in male rats. Endocrine 2017; 55:101-112. [PMID: 27116693 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0965-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Maternal obesity programmes a range of metabolic disturbances for the offspring later in life. Moreover, environmental changes during the suckling period can influence offspring development. Because both periods significantly affect long-term metabolism, we aimed to study whether cross-fostering during the lactation period was sufficient to rescue a programmed obese phenotype in offspring induced by maternal obesity following monosodium L-glutamate (MSG) treatment. Obesity was induced in female Wistar rats by administering subcutaneous MSG (4 mg/g body weight) for the first 5 days of postnatal life. Control and obese female rats were mated in adulthood. The resultant pups were divided into control second generation (F2) (CTLF2), MSG-treated second generation (F2) (MSGF2), which suckled from their CTL and MSG biological dams, respectively, or CTLF2-CR, control offspring suckled by MSG dams and MSGF2-CR, MSG offspring suckled by CTL dams. At 120 days of age, fat tissue accumulation, lipid profile, hypothalamic leptin signalling, glucose tolerance, glucose-induced, and adrenergic inhibition of insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets were analysed. Maternal MSG-induced obesity led to an obese phenotype in male offspring, characterized by hyperinsulinaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperleptinaemia, dyslipidaemia, and impaired leptin signalling, suggesting central leptin resistance, glucose intolerance, impaired glucose-stimulated, and adrenergic inhibition of insulin secretion. Cross-fostering normalized body weight, food intake, leptin signalling, lipid profiles, and insulinaemia, but not glucose homeostasis or insulin secretion from isolated pancreatic islets. Our findings suggest that alterations during the lactation period can mitigate the development of obesity and prevent the programming of adult diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá/UEM, Block H67, room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
- Carlos Chagas Filho Biophysics Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Claudinéia Conationi da Silva Franco
- Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá/UEM, Block H67, room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Luiz Felipe Barella
- Molecular Signaling Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laize Peron Tófolo
- Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá/UEM, Block H67, room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Aparecida Ribeiro
- Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá/UEM, Block H67, room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Audrei Pavanello
- Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá/UEM, Block H67, room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ellen Paula Santos da Conceição
- Department of Physiological Sciences Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosana Torrezan
- Department of Physiological Sciences, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - James Armitage
- School of Medicine (Optometr), Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3216, Australia
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Department of Physiological Sciences Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Department of Physiological Sciences Roberto Alcântara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias
- Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá/UEM, Block H67, room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Elaine Vieira
- Department of Biotechnology, Cell Biology and Genetics, State University of Maringá/UEM, Block H67, room 19, Colombo Avenue 5790, Maringá, PR, Brazil
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Longo M, Refuerzo JS, Mann L, Leon M, Moussa HN, Sibai BM, Blackwell SC. Adverse Effect of High-Fat Diet on Metabolic Programming in Offspring Born to a Murine Model of Maternal Hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:1366-1373. [PMID: 27565786 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that offspring heterozygous mice partially lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene, and born to hypertensive eNOS-/- Knockout mother, are hypertensive. We hypothesized that those offspring when placed on high-fat diet (HFD) will undergo altered metabolic programming increasing their risk for developing metabolic syndrome. METHODS eNOS-/-KO and wild-type mice (eNOS+/+WT) were cross-bred to produce heterozygous offspring: maternal heterozygous (Mat, eNOS-/+), born from hypertensive eNOS-/-KO mothers; and paternal heterozygous (Pat, eNOS-/+), born from normotensive WT mothers. Mat, eNOS-/+ and Pat, eNOS-/+ female were allocated to HFD or control diet (CD) until 8 weeks of age. Then a metabolic profile was obtained: weight, glucose/insulin tolerance test (GTT, ITT), systolic blood pressure (SBP), serum fasting levels of insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and a lipid panel. RESULTS Weight was not different between all offspring within each diet. GTT curve was higher in Mat, eNOS-/+ vs. Pat, eNOS-/+ offspring on both diet (P < 0.001). In ITT, glucose level at 15 minutes was higher in Mat, eNOS-/+ on HFD. Insulin level was increased in Mat, eNOS-/+ vs. Pat, eNOS-/+ on either diet. SBP was elevated in Mat, eNOS-/+ vs. Pat, eNOS-/+ on CD and was further raised in Mat, eNOS-/+ offspring on HFD (P < 0.001). No other differences were seen except for lower high-density lipoprotein levels in Mat, eNOS-/+ fed HFD (P < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS Mat, eNOS-/+ offspring exposed in utero to maternal hypertension and fed HFD postnatally have increased susceptibility for metabolic abnormalities. Thus, maternal HTN is a risk factor for altered fetal metabolic programming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Longo
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jerrie S Refuerzo
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lovepreet Mann
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mateo Leon
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Hind N Moussa
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Baha M Sibai
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sean C Blackwell
- Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, McGovern Medical School at The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Texas, USA
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Rincel M, Lépinay AL, Delage P, Fioramonti J, Théodorou VS, Layé S, Darnaudéry M. Maternal high-fat diet prevents developmental programming by early-life stress. Transl Psychiatry 2016; 6:e966. [PMID: 27898075 PMCID: PMC5290357 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2016.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders and depression are well-documented in subjects exposed to adverse childhood events. Recently, maternal obesity and/or maternal consumption of high-fat diets (HFD) have been also proposed as risk factors for offspring mental health. Here using an animal model in rats, we explored the combinatorial effects of a maternal HFD (40% of energy from fat without impact on maternal weight; during gestation and lactation) and maternal separation (MS) in offspring. In the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of pups, MS led to changes in the expression of several genes such as Bdnf (brain derived neurotrophic factor), 5HT-r1a (serotonin receptor 1a) and Rest4 (neuron-restrictive silencer element, repressor element 1, silencing transcription factor (Rest), splicing variant 4). Surprisingly, perinatal HFD strongly attenuated the developmental alterations induced by MS. Furthermore, maternal HFD totally prevented the endophenotypes (anxiety, spatial memory, social behavior, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response to stress, hippocampal neurogenesis and visceral pain) associated with MS at adulthood. Finally, we also demonstrated that HFD intake reduced anxiety and enhanced maternal care in stressed dams. Overall, our data suggest that a HFD restricted to gestation and lactation, which did not lead to overweight in dams, had limited effects in unstressed offspring, highlighting the role of maternal obesity, rather than fat exposure per se, on brain vulnerability during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rincel
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - A L Lépinay
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - P Delage
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - S Layé
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Darnaudéry
- INRA, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
- Université de Bordeaux, Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR1286, Bordeaux, France
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Francaite-Daugeliene M, Petrenko V, Baliutaviciene D, Velickiene D. Retrospective analysis of age-adjusted body mass index among pre-pregnant women in the Lithuanian urban area during three decades. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e010927. [PMID: 27864241 PMCID: PMC5128855 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of maternal obesity at the beginning of pregnancy is increasing. However, there are some studies reporting the stabilisation of obesity epidemic or even the downward trend in the general population. OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Lithuanian pre-pregnant women during 3 decades. METHODS This observational retrospective study included a sample of 2827, women aged 18-44 years who gave birth in 1987-1989, 1996-1997 and 2007-2010: 861 (30.5%), 995 (35.2%) and 971 (34.3%), respectively. All women were divided into groups by body mass index (BMI) calculated from self-reported weight and height, and age reported during the first antenatal visit. Quantitative parametric variables were expressed as mean and SD; qualitative variables, as absolute numbers (n) and percentage (%). For parametric data, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used. Differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among women aged 18-24 years decreased from 20.9% in 1987-1989 to 9.5% in 1996-1997 but increased to 15.7% in 2007-2010; among women aged 25-34 years, decreased from 35.5% in 1987-1989 to 23% in 1996-1997 and to 22.4% in 2007-2010; and among women aged 35-44 years decreased from 64.9% in 1987-1989 to 34% in 1996-1997 but increased to 45.3% in 2007-2010. BMI increased with an increasing age (r=0.254, p<0.05). Analysis by separate periods (1987-1989, 1996-1997 and 2007-2010) revealed a positive correlation between BMI and age at the first antenatal visit in all periods (r=0.325, p<0.01; r=0.266, p<0.01; and r=0.210, p<0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of overweight and obesity among pre-pregnant women tended to decrease in the Lithuanian urban area during 3 decades. A slight increase in overweight and obesity documented in 2007-2010 compared with 1996-1997 most likely was caused by older maternal age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimiras Petrenko
- Department of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dalia Baliutaviciene
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinics, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dzilda Velickiene
- Institute of Endocrinology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
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Flacke GL, Tkalčić S, Steck B, Warren K, Martin GB. A retrospective analysis of mortality in captive pygmy hippopotamus (Choeropsis liberiensis
) from 1912 to 2014. Zoo Biol 2016; 35:556-569. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.21336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella L. Flacke
- School of Animal Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley Australia
| | - Suzana Tkalčić
- Western University of Health Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Pomona California
| | | | - Kristin Warren
- College of Veterinary Medicine; School of Veterinary and Life Sciences; Murdoch University; Murdoch Australia
| | - Graeme B. Martin
- School of Animal Biology; University of Western Australia; Crawley Australia
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Wankhade UD, Thakali KM, Shankar K. Persistent influence of maternal obesity on offspring health: Mechanisms from animal models and clinical studies. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 435:7-19. [PMID: 27392497 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The consequences of excessive maternal weight and adiposity at conception for the offspring are now well recognized. Maternal obesity increases the risk of overweight and obesity even in children born with appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) birth weights. Studies in animal models have employed both caloric excess and manipulation of macronutrients (especially high-fat) to mimic hypercaloric intake present in obesity. Findings from these studies show transmission of susceptibility to obesity, metabolic dysfunction, alterations in glucose homeostasis, hepatic steatosis, skeletal muscle metabolism and neuroendocrine changes in the offspring. This review summarizes the essential literature in this area in both experimental and clinical domains and focuses on the translatable aspects of these experimental studies. Moreover this review highlights emerging mechanisms broadly explaining maternal obesity-associated developmental programming. The roles of early developmental alterations and placental adaptations are also reviewed. Increasing evidence also points to changes in the epigenome and other emerging mechanisms such as alterations in the microbiome that may contribute to persistent changes in the offspring. Finally, we examine potential interventions that have been employed in clinical cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umesh D Wankhade
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Keshari M Thakali
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - Kartik Shankar
- Arkansas Children's Nutrition Center, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
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Methylglyoxal treatment in lactating mothers leads to type 2 diabetes phenotype in male rat offspring at adulthood. Eur J Nutr 2016; 57:477-486. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1330-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Ferrari F, Facchinetti F, Ontiveros AE, Roberts RP, Saade MM, Blackwell SC, Sibai BM, Refuerzo JS, Longo M. The effect of combined inositol supplementation on maternal metabolic profile in pregnancies complicated by metabolic syndrome and obesity. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 215:503.e1-8. [PMID: 27255472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2016.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myoinositol and D-chiroinositol improve insulin resistance in women with obesity and gestational diabetes and in postmenopausal women with metabolic syndrome. We previously reported that offspring born to hypertensive dams lacking endothelial nitric oxide synthase and fed a high-fat diet develop metabolic-like syndrome phenotype. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of myoinositol/D-chiroinositol supplementation during pregnancy on the maternal metabolic profile in pregnancies complicated by the metabolic-like syndrome and obesity using a pregnant mouse model. STUDY DESIGN Female heterozygous endothelial nitric oxide synthase(-/+) mice with moderate hypertension were placed on a high-fat diet for 4 weeks to induce a metabolic-like syndrome phenotype. Similarly, wild-type C57BL/6 mice were placed on a high-fat diet for 4 weeks to induce a murine obesity model. Mice were then bred with wild-type males. On gestational day 1, dams were randomly allocated to receive either a mixture of myoinositol/D-chiroinositol in water (7.2/0.18 mg/mL, respectively) or water as control (placebo). At term (gestational day 18), maternal weights, systolic blood pressure, and a glucose tolerance test were obtained. Dams were then killed; pups and placentas were weighed and maternal blood collected. Serum levels of metabolic biomarkers relevant to diabetes and obesity (ghrelin, gastric inhibitory peptide, glucagon-like peptide 1, glucagon, insulin, leptin, resistin) were measured by a multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analysis was done comparing metabolic-like syndrome-myoinositol/D-chiroinositol-treated vs metabolic-like syndrome-nontreated mice and obese-myoinositol/D-chiroinositol-treated vs obese nontreated mice. RESULTS Mean systolic blood pressure was lower in metabolic-like syndrome pregnant mice treated with myoinositol/D-chiroinositol compared with placebo (P = .04), whereas there was no difference in systolic blood pressure between treated and placebo-treated obese pregnant mice. Pregnant metabolic-like syndrome mice treated with myoinositol/D-chiroinositol showed lower glucose values during the glucose tolerance test and in the area under the curve (myoinositol/D-chiroinositol: 17512.5 ± 3984.4 vs placebo: 29687.14 ± 8258.7; P = .003), but no differences were seen in the obese pregnant mice. Leptin serum levels were lower in the metabolic-like syndrome-myoinositol/D-chiroinositol-treated mice compared with the placebo group (myoinositol/D-chiroinositol: 16985 ± 976.4 pg/dL vs placebo: 24181.9 ± 3128.2 pg/dL, P = .045). No other differences were seen in any of the remaining serum metabolic biomarkers studied in metabolic-like syndrome and in obese pregnant mice. Maternal weight gain was not different in the pregnant metabolic-like syndrome dams, whereas it was lower in the obese myoinositol/D-chiroinositol-treated dams compared with the placebo group (myoinositol/D-chiroinositol: 10.9 ± 0.5 g vs 12.6 ± 0.6 g, P = .04). Fetal and placental weights did not differ between myoinositol/D-chiroinositol-treated and nontreated pregnant dams with metabolic-like syndrome and obesity. CONCLUSION Combined inositol treatment during pregnancy improves blood pressure, glucose levels at the glucose tolerance test, and leptin levels in pregnant dams with metabolic-like syndrome phenotype but not in obese pregnant dams. In addition, inositol treatment was associated with lower gestational weight gain in the obese but not in the metabolic-like syndrome pregnant dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ferrari
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Fabio Facchinetti
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alejandra E Ontiveros
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Robyn P Roberts
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Mia M Saade
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Sean C Blackwell
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Baha M Sibai
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Jerrie S Refuerzo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Monica Longo
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas
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Frihauf JB, Fekete ÉM, Nagy TR, Levin BE, Zorrilla EP. Maternal Western diet increases adiposity even in male offspring of obesity-resistant rat dams: early endocrine risk markers. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2016; 311:R1045-R1059. [PMID: 27654396 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00023.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal overnutrition or associated complications putatively mediate the obesogenic effects of perinatal high-fat diet on developing offspring. Here, we tested the hypothesis that a Western diet developmental environment increases adiposity not only in male offspring from obesity-prone (DIO) mothers, but also in those from obesity-resistant (DR) dams, implicating a deleterious role for the Western diet per se. Selectively bred DIO and DR female rats were fed chow (17% kcal fat) or Western diet (32%) for 54 days before mating and, thereafter, through weaning. As intended, despite chow-like caloric intake, Western diet increased prepregnancy weight gain and circulating leptin levels in DIO, but not DR, dams. Yet, in both genotypes, maternal Western diet increased the weight and adiposity of preweanlings, as early as in DR offspring, and increased plasma leptin, insulin, and adiponectin of weanlings. Although body weight normalized with chow feeding during adolescence, young adult Western diet offspring subsequently showed decreased energy expenditure and, in DR offspring, decreased lipid utilization as a fuel substrate. By mid-adulthood, maternal Western diet DR offspring ate more chow, weighed more, and were fatter than controls. Thus, maternal Western diet covertly programmed increased adiposity in childhood and adulthood, disrupted relations of energy regulatory hormones with body fat, and decreased energy expenditure in offspring of lean, genetically obesity-resistant mothers. Maternal Western diet exposure alone, without maternal obesity or overnutrition, can promote offspring weight gain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Frihauf
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California.,Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Éva M Fekete
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California
| | - Tim R Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Barry E Levin
- Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey; and.,Department of Neurology, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Eric P Zorrilla
- Committee on the Neurobiology of Addictive Disorders, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California; .,Neurosciences Graduate Program, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Delpierre C, Fantin R, Barboza-Solis C, Lepage B, Darnaudéry M, Kelly-Irving M. The early life nutritional environment and early life stress as potential pathways towards the metabolic syndrome in mid-life? A lifecourse analysis using the 1958 British Birth cohort. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:815. [PMID: 27538482 PMCID: PMC4989336 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3484-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lifecourse studies suggest that the metabolic syndrome (MetS) may be rooted in the early life environment. This study aims to examine the pathways linking early nutritional and psychosocial exposures and the presence of MetS in midlife. Methods Data are from the National Child Development Study including individuals born during 1 week in 1958 in Great Britain and followed-up until now. MetS was defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III classification. Mother’s pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was used as a proxy of the early nutritional environment and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) as a proxy for early psychosocial stress. Socioeconomic characteristics, pregnancy and birth conditions were extracted as potential confounders. Adult health behaviors, BMI, socioeconomic environment and psychological state were considered as mediating variables. Multivariate models were performed by including variables sequentially taking a lifecourse approach. Results 37.5 % of men and 19.8 % of women had MetS. Participants with an obese/overweight mother presented a higher risk of MetS than those whose mother had a normal pre-pregnancy BMI. Men exposed to two ACE or more, and women exposed to one ACE, were more at risk of MetS compared to unexposed individuals. After including confounders and mediators, mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI was still associated with MetS in midlife but the association was weakened after including participant’s adult BMI. ACE was no longer associated with MetS after including confounders in models. Conclusions The early nutritional environment, represented by mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI, was associated with the risk of MetS in midlife. An important mechanism involves a mother-to-child BMI transmission, independent of birth or perinatal conditions, socioeconomic characteristics and health behaviors over the lifecourse. However this mechanism is not sufficient for explaining the influence of mother’s pre-pregnancy BMI which implies the need to further explore other mechanisms in particular the role of genetics and early nutritional environment. ACE is not independently associated with MetS. However, other early life stressful events such as emergency caesarean deliveries and poor socioeconomic status during childhood may contribute as determinants of MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Delpierre
- INSERM, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France. .,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France.
| | - R Fantin
- INSERM, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France
| | - C Barboza-Solis
- INSERM, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France.,Universidad de Costa Rica, 2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - B Lepage
- INSERM, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France.,Department of Epidemiology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - M Darnaudéry
- Université Bordeaux, Laboratoire NUTRINEURO, UMR 1286, F-33076, Bordeaux, France.,INRA, Lab NUTRINEURO, UMR 1286, F-33076, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Kelly-Irving
- INSERM, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France.,Université Toulouse III Paul-Sabatier, UMR1027, Toulouse, F-31000, France
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76
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Maternal Obesity Promotes Diabetic Nephropathy in Rodent Offspring. Sci Rep 2016; 6:27769. [PMID: 27277011 PMCID: PMC4899795 DOI: 10.1038/srep27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is known to increase the risk of obesity and diabetes in offspring. Though diabetes is a key risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), the relationship between maternal obesity and CKD has not been clearly defined. In this study, a mouse model of maternal obesity was employed to determine the impact of maternal obesity on development of diabetic nephropathy in offspring. Female C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks prior to mating, during gestation and lactation. Male offspring were weaned to normal chow diet. At postnatal Week 8, offspring were randomly administered low dose streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg/day for five days) to induce diabetes. Assessment of renal damage took place at postnatal Week 32. We found that offspring of obese mothers had increased renal fibrosis, inflammation and oxidative stress. Importantly, offspring exposed to maternal obesity had increased susceptibility to renal damage when an additional insult, such as STZ-induced diabetes, was imposed. Specifically, renal inflammation and oxidative stress induced by diabetes was augmented by maternal obesity. Our findings suggest that developmental programming induced by maternal obesity has implications for renal health in offspring. Maternal obesity should be considered a risk factor for CKD.
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77
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Wu KL, Wu CW, Tain YL, Huang LT, Chao YM, Hung CY, Wu JC, Chen SR, Tsai PC, Chan JY. Environmental stimulation rescues maternal high fructose intake-impaired learning and memory in female offspring: Its correlation with redistribution of histone deacetylase 4. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 130:105-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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78
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Effect of GLP-1 Receptor Activation on Offspring Kidney Health in a Rat Model of Maternal Obesity. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23525. [PMID: 27004609 PMCID: PMC4804207 DOI: 10.1038/srep23525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal obesity is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease in offspring, including type 2 diabetes (T2D). Exendin-4 (Exd-4) activates the glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor thereby decreasing serum glucose levels and body weight. In addition, Exd-4 has been shown to reduce renal and cardiac complications in experimental models of T2D. We hypothesized that treatment with Exd-4 would ameliorate the detrimental effects of maternal and diet-induced obesity on renal characteristics in offspring. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed either normal or high-fat diet (HFD) for 6 weeks prior to pregnancy, during pregnancy and lactation, and their offspring were weaned to normal or HFD. The offspring were randomized to Exd-4 or placebo from weaning and their kidneys harvested at Week 9. We found that the kidneys of offspring from obese mothers, regardless of postnatal diet, had significantly increased markers of inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. Exd-4 ameliorated the negative renal effects of maternal obesity and in particular, reduced renal inflammation, oxidative stress and fibrosis. In conclusion, maternal obesity has persisting effects on renal structure in the offspring. GLP-1 analogues are potentially useful for protecting against the deleterious effects of maternal obesity on renal physiology in offspring.
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79
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Shea JM, Serra RW, Carone BR, Shulha HP, Kucukural A, Ziller MJ, Vallaster MP, Gu H, Tapper AR, Gardner PD, Meissner A, Garber M, Rando OJ. Genetic and Epigenetic Variation, but Not Diet, Shape the Sperm Methylome. Dev Cell 2015; 35:750-8. [PMID: 26702833 PMCID: PMC4691283 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2015.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Paternal diet can impact metabolic phenotypes in offspring, but mechanisms underlying such intergenerational information transfer remain obscure. Here, we interrogate cytosine methylation patterns in sperm obtained from mice consuming one of three diets, generating whole genome methylation maps for four pools of sperm samples and for 12 individual sperm samples, as well as 61 genome-scale methylation maps. We find that "epivariation," either stochastic or due to unknown demographic or environmental factors, was a far stronger contributor to the sperm methylome than was the diet consumed. Variation in cytosine methylation was particularly dramatic over tandem repeat families, including ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeats, but rDNA methylation was strongly correlated with genetic variation in rDNA copy number and was not influenced by paternal diet. These results identify loci of genetic and epigenetic lability in the mammalian genome but argue against a direct role for sperm cytosine methylation in dietary reprogramming of offspring metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Shea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ryan W Serra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Benjamin R Carone
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hennady P Shulha
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Alper Kucukural
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Michael J Ziller
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Markus P Vallaster
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Hongcang Gu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrew R Tapper
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Paul D Gardner
- Brudnick Neuropsychiatric Research Institute, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01604, USA
| | - Alexander Meissner
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Manuel Garber
- Program in Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA; Bioinformatics Core, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Oliver J Rando
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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80
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Paul HA, Hallam MC, Reimer RA. Milk Collection in the Rat Using Capillary Tubes and Estimation of Milk Fat Content by Creamatocrit. J Vis Exp 2015:e53476. [PMID: 26709708 DOI: 10.3791/53476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk, as the sole source of nutrition for the newborn mammal, provides the necessary nutrients and energy for offspring growth and development. It also contains a vast number of bioactive compounds that greatly affect the development of the neonate. The analysis of milk components will help elucidate key factors that link maternal metabolism and health with offspring growth and development. The laboratory rat represents a popular model organism for maternal studies, and rat milk can be used to examine the effect of various maternal physiological, nutritional, and pharmacological interventions on milk components, which may then impact offspring health. Here a simple method of manually collecting milk from the lactating rat that can be performed by a single investigator, does not require specialized vacuum or suction equipment, and provides sufficient milk for subsequent downstream analysis is described. A method for estimating the fat content of milk by measuring the percentage of cream within the milk sample, known as the creamatocrit, is also presented. These methods can ultimately be used to increase insight into maternal-child health and to elucidate maternal factors that are involved in proper growth and development of offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Paul
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | | | - Raylene A Reimer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary;
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Glastras SJ, Wong MG, Chen H, Zhang J, Zaky A, Pollock CA, Saad S. FXR expression is associated with dysregulated glucose and lipid levels in the offspring kidney induced by maternal obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:40. [PMID: 26583035 PMCID: PMC4650952 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maternal obesity is associated with dysregulation of glucose and lipid metabolism with consequent exposure of the fetus to an abnormal metabolic milieu. It is recognized that maternal obesity predisposes offspring to chronic kidney disease (CKD). We aimed to determine whether the nuclear Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), known to play a role in maintaining homeostasis of glucose and lipid metabolism, is involved in renal injury in offspring of obese mothers. Methods Maternal obesity was established in a rat model by feeding dams with high-fat diet prior to and during pregnancy and lactation. The offspring’s kidneys were examined at postnatal Day 1and Day 20. Human kidney 2 (HK2) cells were exposed to high glucose with or without the FXR agonist GW4064 or when FXR mRNA was silenced. Results Glucose intolerance in the offspring of obese mothers was evident at weaning, with associated downregulation of renal FXR expression and upregulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). HK2 cells exposed to high glucose had reduced FXR expression and increased MCP-1, TGF-β1, fibronectin and collagen IV expression, which was reversed in the presence of GW4064. FXR-silenced HK2 cells had amplified pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic markers under high glucose conditions. Conclusions Maternal obesity influences renal expression of pro-inflammatory and fibrotic factors that predispose the offspring to CKD. This was associated with the downregulation of the renal FXR expression suggesting a potential protective role for FXR. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12986-015-0032-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Glastras
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia ; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Royal North Shore Hospital, St Leonards, Australia
| | - Muh Geot Wong
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jie Zhang
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Amgad Zaky
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol A Pollock
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sonia Saad
- Kolling Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Adolescent understanding of DOHaD concepts: a school-based intervention to support knowledge translation and behaviour change. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2015; 3:469-82. [PMID: 25084300 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174412000505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A life-course approach to reduction of risk of non-communicable diseases (NCD) suggests that early-life interventions may be more effective than lifestyle modifications in middle age. Knowledge translation to develop understanding of the Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DOHaD) within the community offers the potential to encourage informed diet and lifestyle choices supporting reduction of NCD risk in current and future generations. Many women do not make sustained dietary change before or during pregnancy, therefore appropriate nutritional behaviours need to be established prior to adulthood. This makes adolescence an appropriate stage for interventions to establish suitable dietary and lifestyle behaviours. Therefore, we engaged adolescents in a school-based educational intervention, and assessed the value of this in development of understanding of DOHaD concepts to support behaviour change that could lead to NCD risk reduction in the next generation. Modules of course work were written for 11-14 year olds and trialled in nine schools. Matched pre- and post-intervention questionnaire responses from 238 students and 99 parents, and post-intervention interviews evaluated the intervention. Understanding of a link between maternal diet during pregnancy and the health of the foetus in adulthood increased from 46% to 76% following intervention. Post-intervention evidence suggests the programme facilitated discussion of diet, lifestyle and DOHaD concepts in most families. The intervention was effective in improving understanding of DOHaD concepts and in some cases led to appropriate behaviour change. However, the sustainability of these changes remains to be determined through on-going evaluation of attitudes and behaviour within this cohort.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Traditional risk factors account for only part of the attributable risk. The origins of atherosclerosis are in early life, a potential albeit largely unrecognized window of opportunity for early detection and treatment of subclinical cardiovascular disease. There are robust epidemiological data indicating that poor intrauterine growth and/or prematurity, and perinatal factors such as maternal hypercholesterolaemia, smoking, diabetes and obesity, are associated with adverse cardiovascular intermediate phenotypes in childhood and adulthood. Many of these early-life risk factors result in a heightened inflammatory state. Inflammation is a central mechanism in the development of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, but few studies have investigated the role of overt perinatal infection and inflammation (chorioamnionitis) as a potential contributor to cardiovascular risk. Limited evidence from human and experimental models suggests an association between chorioamnionitis and cardiac and vascular dysfunction. Early life inflammatory events may be an important mechanism in the early development of cardiovascular risk and may provide insights into the associations between perinatal factors and adult cardiovascular disease. This review aims to summarise current data on the early life origins of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, with particular focus on perinatal inflammation.
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Abstract
Suboptimal maternal nutrition exerts lasting impacts on obesity risk in offspring, but the direction of the effect is determined by the timing of exposure. While maternal undernutrition in early pregnancy is associated with increased body mass index, in later pregnancy it can be protective. The importance of the timing of maternal undernutrition is also observed in rodents, however, many of the processes that occur in the last trimester of human gestation are delayed to the postnatal period. Neonatal leptin administration exerts lasting impacts on susceptibility to obesity in rodents. Although leptin can influence the formation of hypothalamic circuits involved in homeostatic control of feeding during the postnatal period, these effects are too late to account for its ability to reverse adverse metabolic programming due to early gestational exposure to maternal undernutrition. This review presents an alternative framework for understanding the effects of neonatal leptin through influences on developing thermoregulatory circuits.
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85
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Neri C, Edlow AG. Effects of Maternal Obesity on Fetal Programming: Molecular Approaches. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2015; 6:a026591. [PMID: 26337113 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a026591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity has become a worldwide epidemic. Obesity and a high-fat diet have been shown to have deleterious effects on fetal programming, predisposing offspring to adverse cardiometabolic and neurodevelopmental outcomes. Although large epidemiological studies have shown an association between maternal obesity and adverse outcomes for offspring, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Molecular approaches have played a key role in elucidating the mechanistic underpinnings of fetal malprogramming in the setting of maternal obesity. These approaches include, among others, characterization of epigenetic modifications, microRNA expression, the gut microbiome, the transcriptome, and evaluation of specific mRNA expression via quantitative reverse transcription polmerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) in fetuses and offspring of obese females. This work will review the data from animal models and human fluids/cells regarding the effects of maternal obesity on fetal and offspring neurodevelopment and cardiometabolic outcomes, with a particular focus on molecular approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Neri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome 00100, Italy
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111 Mother Infant Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02111
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86
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Benesh EC, Gill J, Lamb LE, Moley KH. Maternal Obesity, Cage Density, and Age Contribute to Prostate Hyperplasia in Mice. Reprod Sci 2015; 23:176-85. [PMID: 26243546 DOI: 10.1177/1933719115597767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Identification of modifiable risk factors is gravely needed to prevent adverse prostate health outcomes. We previously developed a murine precancer model in which exposure to maternal obesity stimulated prostate hyperplasia in offspring. Here, we used generalized linear modeling to evaluate the influence of additional environmental covariates on prostate hyperplasia. As expected from our previous work, the model revealed that aging and maternal diet-induced obesity (DIO) each correlated with prostate hyperplasia. However, prostate hyperplasia was not correlated with the length of maternal DIO. Cage density positively associated with both prostate hyperplasia and offspring body weight. Expression of the glucocorticoid receptor in prostates also positively correlated with cage density and negatively correlated with age of the animal. Together, these findings suggest that prostate tissue was adversely patterned during early life by maternal overnutrition and was susceptible to alteration by environmental factors such as cage density. Additionally, prostate hyperplasia may be acutely influenced by exposure to DIO, rather than occurring as a response to worsening obesity and comorbidities experienced by the mother. Finally, cage density correlated with both corticosteroid receptor abundance and prostate hyperplasia, suggesting that overcrowding influenced offspring prostate hyperplasia. These results emphasize the need for multivariate regression models to evaluate the influence of coordinated variables in complicated animal systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Benesh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeff Gill
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA Division of Biostatistics, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA Department of Political Science, Washington University in St Louis, One Brookings Dr, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura E Lamb
- Beaumont Health Systems Research Institute, Royal Oak, MI
| | - Kelle H Moley
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University in St Louis, School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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87
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Labouesse MA, Langhans W, Meyer U. Long-term pathological consequences of prenatal infection: beyond brain disorders. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2015; 309:R1-R12. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00087.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal immunological adversities such as maternal infection have been widely acknowledged to contribute to an increased risk of neurodevelopmental brain disorders. In recent years, epidemiological and experimental evidence has accumulated to suggest that prenatal exposure to immune challenges can also negatively affect various physiological and metabolic functions beyond those typically associated with primary defects in CNS development. These peripheral changes include excessive accumulation of adipose tissue and increased body weight, impaired glycemic regulation and insulin resistance, altered myeloid lineage development, increased gut permeability, hyperpurinergia, and changes in microbiota composition. Experimental work in animal models further suggests that at least some of these peripheral abnormalities could directly contribute to CNS dysfunctions, so that normalization of peripheral pathologies could lead to an amelioration of behavioral deficits. Hence, seemingly unrelated central and peripheral effects of prenatal infection could represent interrelated pathological entities that emerge in response to a common developmental stressor. Targeting peripheral abnormalities may thus represent a valuable strategy to improve the wide spectrum of behavioral abnormalities that can emerge in subjects with prenatal infection histories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Urs Meyer
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Switzerland
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88
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Blue EK, Sheehan BM, Nuss ZV, Boyle FA, Hocutt CM, Gohn CR, Varberg KM, McClintick JN, Haneline LS. Epigenetic Regulation of Placenta-Specific 8 Contributes to Altered Function of Endothelial Colony-Forming Cells Exposed to Intrauterine Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes 2015; 64:2664-75. [PMID: 25720387 PMCID: PMC4477353 DOI: 10.2337/db14-1709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is linked to development of hypertension, obesity, and type 2 diabetes in children. Our previous studies determined that endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) from neonates exposed to GDM exhibit impaired function. The current goals were to identify aberrantly expressed genes that contribute to impaired function of GDM-exposed ECFCs and to evaluate for evidence of altered epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Genome-wide mRNA expression analysis was conducted on ECFCs from control and GDM pregnancies. Candidate genes were validated by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting. Bisulfite sequencing evaluated DNA methylation of placenta-specific 8 (PLAC8). Proliferation and senescence assays of ECFCs transfected with siRNA to knockdown PLAC8 were performed to determine functional impact. Thirty-eight genes were differentially expressed between control and GDM-exposed ECFCs. PLAC8 was highly expressed in GDM-exposed ECFCs, and PLAC8 expression correlated with maternal hyperglycemia. Methylation status of 17 CpG sites in PLAC8 negatively correlated with mRNA expression. Knockdown of PLAC8 in GDM-exposed ECFCs improved proliferation and senescence defects. This study provides strong evidence in neonatal endothelial progenitor cells that GDM exposure in utero leads to altered gene expression and DNA methylation, suggesting the possibility of altered epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily K Blue
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - BreAnn M Sheehan
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Zia V Nuss
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Frances A Boyle
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Caleb M Hocutt
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Cassandra R Gohn
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kaela M Varberg
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Laura S Haneline
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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89
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Iessa N, Bérard A. Update on Prepregnancy Maternal Obesity: Birth Defects and Childhood Outcomes. J Pediatr Genet 2015; 4:71-83. [PMID: 27617118 PMCID: PMC4918711 DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a growing global health epidemic. It is estimated that more than 20% of pregnancies are complicated by obesity. Prepregnancy obesity has been associated with birth defects such as neural tube defects, macrosomia, fetal death, and long-term effects such as asthma on the offspring. We provide a summary of the most recent studies and meta-analyses on obesity and birth outcome. Possible mechanisms of actions are explored and recommendations for further research are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Iessa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Anick Bérard
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
- Research Center, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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90
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Khot V, Chavan-Gautam P, Joshi S. Proposing interactions between maternal phospholipids and the one carbon cycle: A novel mechanism influencing the risk for cardiovascular diseases in the offspring in later life. Life Sci 2015; 129:16-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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91
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Ngo HT, Hetland RB, Steffensen IL. The intrauterine and nursing period is a window of susceptibility for development of obesity and intestinal tumorigenesis by a high fat diet in Min/+ mice as adults. J Obes 2015; 2015:624023. [PMID: 25874125 PMCID: PMC4383426 DOI: 10.1155/2015/624023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Revised: 12/14/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied how obesogenic conditions during various life periods affected obesity and intestinal tumorigenesis in adult C57BL/6J-Min (multiple intestinal neoplasia)/+ mice. The mice were given a 10% fat diet throughout life (negative control) or a 45% fat diet in utero, during nursing, during both in utero and nursing, during adult life, or during their whole life-span, and terminated at 11 weeks for tumorigenesis (Min/+) or 23 weeks for obesogenic effect (wild-type). Body weight at 11 weeks was increased after a 45% fat diet during nursing, during both in utero and nursing, and throughout life, but had normalized at 23 weeks. In the glucose tolerance test, the early exposure to a 45% fat diet in utero, during nursing, or during both in utero and nursing, did not affect blood glucose, whereas a 45% fat diet given to adults or throughout life did. However, a 45% fat diet during nursing or during in utero and nursing increased the number of small intestinal tumors. So did exposures to a 45% fat diet in adult life or throughout life, but without increasing the tumor numbers further. The intrauterine and nursing period is a window of susceptibility for dietary fat-induced obesity and intestinal tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thi Ngo
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Ragna Bogen Hetland
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
| | - Inger-Lise Steffensen
- Department of Food, Water and Cosmetics, Division of Environmental Medicine, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, P.O. Box 4404 Nydalen, 0403 Oslo, Norway
- *Inger-Lise Steffensen:
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92
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Allard C, Desgagné V, Patenaude J, Lacroix M, Guillemette L, Battista MC, Doyon M, Ménard J, Ardilouze JL, Perron P, Bouchard L, Hivert MF. Mendelian randomization supports causality between maternal hyperglycemia and epigenetic regulation of leptin gene in newborns. Epigenetics 2015; 10:342-51. [PMID: 25800063 PMCID: PMC4622547 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2015.1029700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptin is an adipokine that acts in the central nervous system and regulates energy balance. Animal models and human observational studies have suggested that leptin surge in the perinatal period has a critical role in programming long-term risk of obesity. In utero exposure to maternal hyperglycemia has been associated with increased risk of obesity later in life. Epigenetic mechanisms are suspected to be involved in fetal programming of long term metabolic diseases. We investigated whether DNA methylation levels near LEP locus mediate the relation between maternal glycemia and neonatal leptin levels using the 2-step epigenetic Mendelian randomization approach. We used data and samples from up to 485 mother-child dyads from Gen3G, a large prospective population-based cohort. First, we built a genetic risk score to capture maternal glycemia based on 10 known glycemic genetic variants (GRS10) and showed it was an adequate instrumental variable (β = 0.046 mmol/L of maternal fasting glucose per additional risk allele; SE = 0.007; P = 7.8 × 10(-11); N = 467). A higher GRS10 was associated with lower methylation levels at cg12083122 located near LEP (β = -0.072 unit per additional risk allele; SE = 0.04; P = 0.05; N = 166). Direction and effect size of association between the instrumental variable GRS10 and methylation at cg12083122 were consistent with the negative association we observed using measured maternal glycemia. Lower DNA methylation levels at cg12083122 were associated with higher cord blood leptin levels (β = -0.17 log of cord blood leptin per unit; SE = 0.07; P = 0.01; N = 170). Our study supports that maternal glycemia is part of causal pathways influencing offspring leptin epigenetic regulation.
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Key Words
- BMI, Body Mass Index
- CDA, Canadian Diabetes Association
- CHUS, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke
- CpGs, CG dinucleotides
- DNA methylation
- DNAm, DNA methylation
- DOHaD, Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
- GCT, Glucose Challenge Test
- GDM, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
- GRS, Genetic Risk Score
- IADPSG, International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups
- IV, Instrumental Variable
- MAGIC, Meta-Analyses of Glucose and Insulin-related traits Consortium
- MDS, Multidimensional Scaling
- MR, Mendelian Randomization
- Mendelian randomization
- OGTT, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
- SGA, Small for Gestational Age
- SNPs, Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms
- TSLS, Two-Stage Least Square
- fetal programming
- gestational diabetes
- glycemia
- leptin
- mQTL, methylation Quantitative Trait Locus
- obesity
- pregnancy
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Affiliation(s)
- C Allard
- Department of Mathematics; Faculty of Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - V Desgagné
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique ECOGENE-21; CSSS de Chicoutimi; Chicoutimi, QC Canada
| | - J Patenaude
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - M Lacroix
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - L Guillemette
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - MC Battista
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - M Doyon
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - J Ménard
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - JL Ardilouze
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - P Perron
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
| | - L Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de Recherche Clinique ECOGENE-21; CSSS de Chicoutimi; Chicoutimi, QC Canada
| | - MF Hivert
- Department of Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Centre de recherche du Centre hospitalier universitaire de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke, QC Canada
- Department of Population Medicine; Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute; Harvard Medical School; Boston, MA USA
- Diabetes Unit; Massachusetts General Hospital; Boston, MA USA
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93
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Itoh H, Kanayama N. Nutritional conditions in early life and risk of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) from the perspective of preemptive medicine in perinatal care. HYPERTENSION RESEARCH IN PREGNANCY 2015. [DOI: 10.14390/jsshp.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Itoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
| | - Naohiro Kanayama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine
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94
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95
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Maternal high-fat diet and obesity compromise fetal hematopoiesis. Mol Metab 2014; 4:25-38. [PMID: 25685687 PMCID: PMC4314531 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recent evidence indicates that the adult hematopoietic system is susceptible to diet-induced lineage skewing. It is not known whether the developing hematopoietic system is subject to metabolic programming via in utero high-fat diet (HFD) exposure, an established mechanism of adult disease in several organ systems. We previously reported substantial losses in offspring liver size with prenatal HFD. As the liver is the main hematopoietic organ in the fetus, we asked whether the developmental expansion of the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pool is compromised by prenatal HFD and/or maternal obesity. METHODS We used quantitative assays, progenitor colony formation, flow cytometry, transplantation, and gene expression assays with a series of dietary manipulations to test the effects of gestational high-fat diet and maternal obesity on the day 14.5 fetal liver hematopoietic system. RESULTS Maternal obesity, particularly when paired with gestational HFD, restricts physiological expansion of fetal HSPCs while promoting the opposing cell fate of differentiation. Importantly, these effects are only partially ameliorated by gestational dietary adjustments for obese dams. Competitive transplantation reveals compromised repopulation and myeloid-biased differentiation of HFD-programmed HSPCs to be a niche-dependent defect, apparent in HFD-conditioned male recipients. Fetal HSPC deficiencies coincide with perturbations in genes regulating metabolism, immune and inflammatory processes, and stress response, along with downregulation of genes critical for hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal and activation of pathways regulating cell migration. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal a previously unrecognized susceptibility to nutritional and metabolic developmental programming in the fetal HSPC compartment, which is a partially reversible and microenvironment-dependent defect perturbing stem and progenitor cell expansion and hematopoietic lineage commitment.
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96
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Hanson MA, Gluckman PD. Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology? Physiol Rev 2014; 94:1027-76. [PMID: 25287859 PMCID: PMC4187033 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00029.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 715] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive experimental animal studies and epidemiological observations have shown that environmental influences during early development affect the risk of later pathophysiological processes associated with chronic, especially noncommunicable, disease (NCD). This field is recognized as the developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). We discuss the extent to which DOHaD represents the result of the physiological processes of developmental plasticity, which may have potential adverse consequences in terms of NCD risk later, or whether it is the manifestation of pathophysiological processes acting in early life but only becoming apparent as disease later. We argue that the evidence suggests the former, through the operation of conditioning processes induced across the normal range of developmental environments, and we summarize current knowledge of the physiological processes involved. The adaptive pathway to later risk accords with current concepts in evolutionary developmental biology, especially those concerning parental effects. Outside the normal range, effects on development can result in nonadaptive processes, and we review their underlying mechanisms and consequences. New concepts concerning the underlying epigenetic and other mechanisms involved in both disruptive and nondisruptive pathways to disease are reviewed, including the evidence for transgenerational passage of risk from both maternal and paternal lines. These concepts have wider implications for understanding the causes and possible prevention of NCDs such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, for broader social policy and for the increasing attention paid in public health to the lifecourse approach to NCD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Hanson
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - P D Gluckman
- Academic Unit of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, and NIHR Nutrition Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital, Southampton, United Kingdom; and Liggins Institute and Gravida (National Centre for Growth and Development), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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97
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Phillips KA, Bales KL, Capitanio JP, Conley A, Czoty PW, ‘t Hart BA, Hopkins WD, Hu SL, Miller LA, Nader MA, Nathanielsz PW, Rogers J, Shively CA, Voytko ML. Why primate models matter. Am J Primatol 2014; 76:801-27. [PMID: 24723482 PMCID: PMC4145602 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 391] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Research involving nonhuman primates (NHPs) has played a vital role in many of the medical and scientific advances of the past century. NHPs are used because of their similarity to humans in physiology, neuroanatomy, reproduction, development, cognition, and social complexity-yet it is these very similarities that make the use of NHPs in biomedical research a considered decision. As primate researchers, we feel an obligation and responsibility to present the facts concerning why primates are used in various areas of biomedical research. Recent decisions in the United States, including the phasing out of chimpanzees in research by the National Institutes of Health and the pending closure of the New England Primate Research Center, illustrate to us the critical importance of conveying why continued research with primates is needed. Here, we review key areas in biomedicine where primate models have been, and continue to be, essential for advancing fundamental knowledge in biomedical and biological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley A. Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Trinity University, San Antonio TX 78212
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio TX
| | - Karen L. Bales
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
| | - John P. Capitanio
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
| | - Alan Conley
- Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Paul W. Czoty
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Bert A. ‘t Hart
- Department of Immunobiology, Biomedical Primate Research Center, Rijswick, The Netherlands
| | - William D. Hopkins
- Neuroscience Institute and Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta GA 30302
- Division of Cognitive and Developmental Neuroscience, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta GA 30030
| | - Shiu-Lok Hu
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle WA
| | - Lisa A. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, Davis CA 95616
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Cell Biology, University of California, Davis CA 95616
| | - Michael A. Nader
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Peter W. Nathanielsz
- Center for Pregnancy and Newborn Research, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio TX 78229
| | - Jeffrey Rogers
- Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston TX
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI
| | - Carol A. Shively
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
| | - Mary Lou Voytko
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem NC 27157
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98
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Desai M, Jellyman JK, Han G, Beall M, Lane RH, Ross MG. Maternal obesity and high-fat diet program offspring metabolic syndrome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2014; 211:237.e1-237.e13. [PMID: 24631702 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2014.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We determined the potential programming effects of maternal obesity and high-fat (HF) diet during pregnancy and/or lactation on offspring metabolic syndrome. STUDY DESIGN A rat model of maternal obesity was created using an HF diet prior to and throughout pregnancy and lactation. At birth, pups were cross-fostered, thereby generating 4 paradigms of maternal diets during pregnancy/lactation: (1) control (Con) diet during pregnancy and lactation (Con/Con), (2) HF during pregnancy and lactation (HF/HF), (3) HF during pregnancy alone (HF/Con), and (4) HF during lactation alone (Con/HF). RESULTS Maternal phenotype during pregnancy and the end of lactation evidenced markedly elevated body fat and plasma corticosterone levels in HF dams. In the offspring, the maternal HF diet during pregnancy alone programmed increased offspring adiposity, although with normal body weight, whereas the maternal HF diet during lactation increased both body weight and adiposity. Metabolic disturbances, particularly that of hyperglycemia, were apparent in all groups exposed to the maternal HF diet (during pregnancy and/or lactation), although differences were apparent in the manifestation of insulin resistant vs insulin-deficient phenotypes. Elevated systolic blood pressure was manifest in all groups, implying that exposure to an obese/HF environment is disadvantageous for offspring health, regardless of pregnancy or lactation periods. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanism may differ because offspring that experienced in utero HF exposure had increased corticosterone levels. CONCLUSION Maternal obesity/HF diet has a marked impact on offspring body composition and the risk of metabolic syndrome was dependent on the period of exposure during pregnancy and/or lactation.
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Bellisario V, Berry A, Capoccia S, Raggi C, Panetta P, Branchi I, Piccaro G, Giorgio M, Pelicci PG, Cirulli F. Gender-dependent resiliency to stressful and metabolic challenges following prenatal exposure to high-fat diet in the p66(Shc-/-) mouse. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:285. [PMID: 25202246 PMCID: PMC4141279 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic stressful challenges during susceptible time windows, such as fetal life, can have important implications for health throughout life. Deletion of the p66Shc gene in mice leads to reduced oxidative stress (OS), resulting in a healthy and lean phenotype characterized by increased metabolic rate, resistance to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity and reduced emotionality at adulthood. Here we hypothesize that p66Shc−/− (KO) adult offspring might be protected from the detrimental effects induced by maternal HFD administered before and during pregnancy. To test such hypothesis, we fed p66Shc+/+ (WT) and KO females with HFD for 13 weeks starting on 5 weeks of age until delivery and tested adult male and female offspring for their metabolic, neuroendocrine, and emotional profile. Prenatal diet affected stress responses and metabolic features in a gender-dependent fashion. In particular, prenatal HFD increased plasma leptin levels and decreased anxiety-like behavior in females, while increasing body weight, particularly in KO subjects. KO mice were overall characterized by metabolic resiliency, showing a blunted change in glycemia levels in response to glucose or insulin challenges. However, in p66Shc−/− mice, prenatal HFD affected glucose tolerance response in an opposite manner in the two genders, overriding the resilience in males and exacerbating it in females. Finally, KO females were protected from the disrupting effect of prenatal HFD on neuroendocrine response. These findings indicate that prenatal HFD alters the emotional profile and metabolic functionality of the adult individual in a gender-dependent fashion and suggest that exposure to high-caloric food during fetal life is a stressful condition interfering with the developmental programming of the adult phenotype. Deletion of the p66Shc gene attenuates such effects, acting as a protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Bellisario
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Berry
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Capoccia
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Carla Raggi
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Pamela Panetta
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Igor Branchi
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Piccaro
- Section of Bacterial, Respiratory and Systemic Diseases, Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Giorgio
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology Milan, Italy
| | - Pier G Pelicci
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Cirulli
- Section of Behavioral Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità Rome, Italy
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King V, Norman JE, Seckl JR, Drake AJ. Post-weaning diet determines metabolic risk in mice exposed to overnutrition in early life. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2014; 12:73. [PMID: 25082159 PMCID: PMC4120004 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maternal overnutrition during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of obesity and cardiometabolic disease in the offspring; a phenomenon attributed to 'developmental programming'. The post-weaning development of obesity may associate with exacerbation of the programmed metabolic phenotype. In mice, we have previously shown that exposure to maternal overnutrition causes increased weight gain in offspring before weaning, but exerts no persistent effects on weight or glucose tolerance in adulthood. In order to determine whether post-weaning exposure to a cafeteria diet might lead to an exacerbation of programmed effects, offspring born and raised by mothers on control (CON) or cafeteria (DIO) diets were transferred onto either CON or DIO diets at weaning. FINDINGS Post-weaning DIO caused the development of obesity, with hyperglycaemia and hyperinsulinaemia in males; and obesity with hyperinsulinaemia in females and with increased cholesterol levels in both sexes. Exposure to maternal overnutrition during pregnancy and lactation caused only subtle additional effects on offspring phenotype. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that post-weaning exposure to a high-fat high-sugar diet has a more profound effect on offspring weight gain and glucose tolerance than exposure to maternal overnutrition. These data emphasise the importance of optimising early life nutrition in offspring of both obese and lean mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky King
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jane E Norman
- MRC/University of Edinburgh Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Jonathan R Seckl
- Endocrinology Unit, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, QMRI, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- Endocrinology Unit, University/BHF Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, QMRI, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
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