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Carrizzo A, Izzo C, Forte M, Sommella E, Di Pietro P, Venturini E, Ciccarelli M, Galasso G, Rubattu S, Campiglia P, Sciarretta S, Frati G, Vecchione C. A Novel Promising Frontier for Human Health: The Beneficial Effects of Nutraceuticals in Cardiovascular Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228706. [PMID: 33218062 PMCID: PMC7698807 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and diabetes are a significant public health problem worldwide. Although several novel pharmacological treatments to reduce the progression of CVDs have been discovered during the last 20 years, the better way to contain the onset of CVDs remains prevention. In this regard, nutraceuticals seem to own a great potential in maintaining human health, exerting important protective cardiovascular effects. In the last years, there has been increased focus on identifying natural compounds with cardiovascular health-promoting effects and also to characterize the molecular mechanisms involved. Although many review articles have focused on the individual natural compound impact on cardiovascular diseases, the aim of this manuscript was to examine the role of the most studied nutraceuticals, such as resveratrol, cocoa, quercetin, curcumin, brassica, berberine and Spirulina platensis, on different CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albino Carrizzo
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Carmine Izzo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Maurizio Forte
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Eduardo Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy;
| | - Paola Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Eleonora Venturini
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
| | - Michele Ciccarelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Gennaro Galasso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Speranza Rubattu
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Ospedale S.Andrea, Via di Grottarossa 1035, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Petro Campiglia
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
| | - Sebastiano Sciarretta
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Corso della Repubblica 74, 04100 Latina, Italy
| | - Carmine Vecchione
- Department of Angio-Cardio-Neurology, IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (A.C.); (M.F.); (E.V.); (S.R.); (S.S.); (G.F.)
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, 84081 Baronissi, Italy; (C.I.); (P.D.P.); (M.C.); (G.G.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence:
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Hoevenaar M, Goossens D, Roorda J. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the complement system, the kallikrein-kinin system, type-2 diabetes, interleukin-6, and their interactions regarding the complex COVID-19 pathophysiological crossroads. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2020; 21:1470320320979097. [PMID: 33283602 PMCID: PMC7724427 DOI: 10.1177/1470320320979097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the current COVID-19-pandemic, the world is currently being held hostage in various lockdowns. ACE2 facilitates SARS-CoV-2 cell-entry, and is at the very center of several pathophysiological pathways regarding the RAAS, CS, KKS, T2DM, and IL-6. Their interactions with severe COVID-19 complications (e.g. ARDS and thrombosis), and potential therapeutic targets for pharmacological intervention, will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janne Roorda
- Medical Doctor, General Practice
van Dijk, Oisterwijk, The Netherlands
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Muniyappa R, Chen H, Montagnani M, Sherman A, Quon MJ. Endothelial dysfunction due to selective insulin resistance in vascular endothelium: insights from mechanistic modeling. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2020; 319:E629-E646. [PMID: 32776829 PMCID: PMC7642854 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00247.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Previously, we have used mathematical modeling to gain mechanistic insights into insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-dependent insulin signaling required for metabolic actions of insulin also regulates endothelium-dependent production of the vasodilator nitric oxide (NO). Vasodilation increases blood flow that augments direct metabolic actions of insulin in skeletal muscle. This is counterbalanced by mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-dependent insulin signaling in endothelium that promotes secretion of the vasoconstrictor endothelin-1 (ET-1). In the present study, we extended our model of metabolic insulin signaling into a dynamic model of insulin signaling in vascular endothelium that explicitly represents opposing PI3K/NO and MAPK/ET-1 pathways. Novel NO and ET-1 subsystems were developed using published and new experimental data to generate model structures/parameters. The signal-response relationships of our model with respect to insulin-stimulated NO production, ET-1 secretion, and resultant vascular tone, agree with published experimental data, independent of those used for model development. Simulations of pathological stimuli directly impairing only insulin-stimulated PI3K/Akt activity predict altered dynamics of NO and ET-1 consistent with endothelial dysfunction in insulin-resistant states. Indeed, modeling pathway-selective impairment of PI3K/Akt pathways consistent with insulin resistance caused by glucotoxicity, lipotoxicity, or inflammation predict diminished NO production and increased ET-1 secretion characteristic of diabetes and endothelial dysfunction. We conclude that our mathematical model of insulin signaling in vascular endothelium supports the hypothesis that pathway-selective insulin resistance accounts, in part, for relationships between insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. This may be relevant for developing novel approaches for the treatment of diabetes and its cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranganath Muniyappa
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui Chen
- Clinical and Integrative Diabetes and Obesity Integrated Review Group, Center for Scientific Review, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Monica Montagnani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Pharmacology Section, Medical School, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Arthur Sherman
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael J Quon
- Laboratory of Biological Modeling, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Schinzari F, Cardillo C. Intricacies of the endothelin system in human obesity: role in the development of complications and potential as a therapeutic target. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 98:563-569. [PMID: 32808824 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2019-0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the vascular endothelin-1 (ET-1) system is a key abnormality in vascular dysfunction of human obesity, especially in patients developing complications, such as the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and atherosclerosis. Vascular insulin resistance, an increased insulin-stimulated endothelial production of ET-1 combined with impaired nitric oxide availability, is the hallmark of obesity-related vasculopathy, but dysregulated adipokine release from obese adipose tissue may contribute to the predominance of ET-1-dependent vasoconstriction. ET-1, in turn, might determine unhealthy obese adipose tissue expansion, with visceral and perivascular adipose tissue changes driving the release of inflammatory cytokines and atherogenic chemokines. In addition, ET-1 might also play a role in the development of the metabolic complications of obesity. Studies have shown inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity by ET-1, with consequent hypertriglyceridemia. Also, ET-1 in pancreatic islets seems to contribute to beta cell dysfunction, hence affecting insulin production and development of diabetes. Moreover, ET-1 may play a role in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Recent clinical trials using innovative design have demonstrated that antagonism of ET-type A receptors protects against some complications of obesity and diabetes, such as nephropathy. These findings encourage further investigation to evaluate whether targeting the ET-1 system could afford better protection against other consequences of the obesity epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carmine Cardillo
- Policlinico A. Gemelli IRCCS, Roma, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
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Protective Effects of Polyphenols Present in Mediterranean Diet on Endothelial Dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2097096. [PMID: 32831990 PMCID: PMC7428938 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2097096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction tends to be the initial indicator in proinflammatory state and macro- and microvascular complications, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. It has been shown that certain compounds in diet can generate beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease due to its interactions with endothelial cells. Thus, this review is aimed at investigating whether certain polyphenols present in the Mediterranean diet, specifically catechin, quercetin, resveratrol, and urolithin, could exert positive effects on endothelial dysfunction. After analysis of numerous papers, we found that polyphenols aiding endothelial function is beneficial not only for patients with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, or endothelial dysfunction but for all people as it can improve the effects of aging on the endothelia. The additional benefit of these polyphenols on weight loss further improves health and lowers the risk of several diseases, including those caused by endothelial dysfunction. However, it is important to note that the dosages in the majorities of the studies mentioned in this review were of supplemental rather than nutritionally relevant quantities, and therefore, the recommended dosages are difficult to determine.
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Gambardella J, Khondkar W, Morelli MB, Wang X, Santulli G, Trimarco V. Arginine and Endothelial Function. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8080277. [PMID: 32781796 PMCID: PMC7460461 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine (L-arginine), is an amino acid involved in a number of biological processes, including the biosynthesis of proteins, host immune response, urea cycle, and nitric oxide production. In this systematic review, we focus on the functional role of arginine in the regulation of endothelial function and vascular tone. Both clinical and preclinical studies are examined, analyzing the effects of arginine supplementation in hypertension, ischemic heart disease, aging, peripheral artery disease, and diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
| | - Wafiq Khondkar
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Marco Bruno Morelli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Medicine (Division of Cardiology), Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute, Albert Einstein College of Medicine—Montefiore University Hospital, New York City, NY 10461, USA; (J.G.); (W.K.); (M.B.M.); (X.W.)
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Fleischer Institute for Diabetes and Metabolism, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York City, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy
- International Translational Research and Medical Education (ITME), 80100 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentina Trimarco
- Department of Neuroscience, “Federico II” University, 80131 Naples, Italy;
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Frohwitter G, Zimmermann OL, Kreutzer K, Doll C, Rendenbach CM, Dommisch H, Wolff KD, Kesting MR, Heiland M, Koerdt S. Oxidative and Nitrosative Stress in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells Tissues Organs 2020; 209:120-127. [PMID: 32756061 DOI: 10.1159/000508705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) shows a constant increase, while the long-term outcome remains poor over the last decades. Radical oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) - initially released by carcinogens, such as alcohol and tobacco, and later maintained by the tumor microenvironment - appear to be strongly associated to chronic inflammation, tumor induction, progression, and metastatic spread. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in primary OSCC compared to healthy tissue specimens and to identify their impact on tumor carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this basic research study, tissue samples of 30 patients with primary OSCC were evaluated for the expression of pAKT, pERK, 3-NT, NOS1, NOS3, MAPK1, and IP-8 by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR and compared to those of a healthy control group (n = 30). RESULTS The results showed a significantly increased expression of pAKT (p < 0.001), pERK (p = 0.01), 3-NT (p = 0.039), NOS1 (p = 0.025), NOS3 (p = 0.046), and MAPK1 (p = 0.032) in OSCC tissue samples compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSION The results of this study prove the tested stable degradation products to be suitable for the detection of RONS in OSCC. Moreover, the significantly increased expression underlines the role of RONS in carcinogenesis of OSCC, suggests specific mechanisms of detection, and anticipates supplementary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesche Frohwitter
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ornella Lisa Zimmermann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Kilian Kreutzer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Doll
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carsten M Rendenbach
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Dommisch
- Department of Periodontology and Synoptic Dentistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus-Dietrich Wolff
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Marco R Kesting
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Heiland
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Koerdt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany,
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Sun X, Lv H, Zhao P, He J, Cui Q, Wei M, Feng S, Zhu Y. Commutative regulation between endothelial NO synthase and insulin receptor substrate 2 by microRNAs. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:509-520. [PMID: 30295821 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) expression is regulated by a number of transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms, but the effects of competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) on eNOS mRNA and the underlying mechanisms are still unknown. Our bioinformatic analysis revealed three highly expressed eNOS-targeting miRNAs (miR-15b, miR-16, and miR-30b) in human endothelial cells (ECs). Among the 1103 mRNA targets of these three miRNAs, 15 mRNAs share a common disease association with eNOS. Gene expression and correlation analysis in patients with cardiovascular diseases identified insulin receptor substrate 2 (IRS2) as the most correlated eNOS-ceRNA. The expression levels of eNOS and IRS2 were coincidentally increased by application of laminar shear but reduced with eNOS or IRS2 siRNA transfection in human ECs, which was impeded by Dicer siRNA treatment. Moreover, luciferase reporter assay showed that these three miRNAs directly target the 3'UTR of eNOS and IRS2. Overexpression of these three miRNAs decreased, whereas inhibition of them increased, both mRNA and protein levels of eNOS and IRS2. Functionally, silencing eNOS suppressed the Akt signal pathway, while IRS2 knockdown reduced NO production in ECs. Thus, we identified eNOS and IRS2 as ceRNAs and revealed a novel mechanism explaining the coincidence of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huizhen Lv
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jinlong He
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin, China
| | - Qinghua Cui
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Minxin Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shiqing Feng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Tianjin for Medical Epigenetics and Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Tianjin Medical University; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin, China
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Taguchi K, Tano I, Kaneko N, Matsumoto T, Kobayashi T. Plant polyphenols Morin and Quercetin rescue nitric oxide production in diabetic mouse aorta through distinct pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110463. [PMID: 32768953 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic vascular complications are associated with endothelial dysfunction. Various plant-derived polyphenols benefit cardiovascular function by protecting endothelial nitric oxide (NO) production through as yet unclear mechanisms. This study compared the effects of two structurally similar polyphenols, Morin (MO) and Quercetin (QU), on endothelial function in isolated aorta from control and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Vascular function under treatment with MO, QU, and various signaling pathway modulators was measured by isometric tension in an organ bath system, NO production by chemical assay and HPLC, and changes in protein signaling factor expression or activity by western blotting (WB). Both polyphenols acted as potent vasodilators and this effect was associated with increased phosphorylation of Akt and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). An Akt inhibitor blocked MO- and QU-induced vasorelaxation as well as Akt phosphorylation. However, inhibitors of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) suppressed only QU-induced vasorelaxation, NO production, and AMPK phosphorylation. These results suggested that plant polyphenols MO and QU both promote eNOS-mediated NO production and vasodilation in diabetic aorta, MO via Akt pathway activation and QU via PI3K/Akt and AMPK pathway activation. Elucidation of these pathways may define effective therapeutic targets for diabetic vascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Taguchi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tano
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Nozomu Kaneko
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Kobayashi
- Department of Physiology and Morphology, Institute of Medicinal Chemistry, Hoshi University, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan.
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Yousefi Rad E, Nazarian B, Saboori S, Falahi E, Hekmatdoost A. Effects of l-arginine supplementation on glycemic profile: Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2020; 18:284-291. [PMID: 32561357 DOI: 10.1016/j.joim.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effects of l-arginine supplementation on indices of glycemic control and the role of many factors influencing this intervention have been controversial in clinical trials. OBJECTIVE This meta-analysis was performed to assess the effects of l-arginine supplementation on indices of glycemic control, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), serum insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). SEARCH STRATEGY This study conducted a systematic review of RCTs published in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Embase, up to 5 May, 2018. INCLUSION CRITERIA Studies were included in this meta-analysis if they were RCTs with parallel design and reported sufficient data on participants before and after intervention, and outcomes of glycemic profile parameters in both the arginine supplementation and control groups. DATA EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS The screening of titles and abstracts was performed independently by two reviewers. Selected articles were considered if they met the study's inclusion criteria. The quality of included studies was assessed by using the Cochrane Collaboration modified tool. From 710 articles retrieved in the initial search, only 10 trials were suitable for pooling the effects of arginine supplementation on serum glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR and HbA1c levels, with effect sizes of nine, eight, five and five, respectively. RESULTS Pooled random-effect analysis revealed that l-arginine supplementation could significantly decrease FBG level (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.35 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [-6.55, -0.16]; P = 0.04) and serum insulin level (WMD: -2.19 μIU/mL; 95% CI = [-3.70, -0.67]; P = 0.005). However, the effects of l-arginine supplementation on HOMA-IR and HbA1c were not significant. Results of subgroup analysis showed that supplementation with l-arginine could significantly decrease serum insulin levels when the dosage of l-arginine is > 6.5 g/d (WMD: -3.49 μIU/mL; 95% CI = [-5.59, -1.38]; P = 0.001), when the duration of supplementation is ≤ 12.8 weeks (WMD: -3.76; 95% CI = [-6.50, -0.98]; P = 0.008), when the participants are not diabetic patients (WMD: -2.54 μIU/mL; 95% CI = [-4.50, -0.50]; P = 0.01) and when the baseline serum level of insulin was > 20 μIU/mL (WMD: -3.98; 95% CI = [-6.31, -1.65]; P = 0.001). CONCLUSION Although the results of this study confirmed that supplementation with l-arginine could have significant effects on some glycemic profile indices of participants in clinical trials, the clinical importance of this reduction may not be meaningful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esmaeil Yousefi Rad
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran
| | - Behzad Nazarian
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran
| | - Somayeh Saboori
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Falahi
- Nutritional Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad 6813833946, Iran.
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran; Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, British Columbia's Children's Hospital and Child and Family Research Institute, the University of British Columbia, British Columbia 6048752345, Canada
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Abdul-Ghani MA, Jayyousi A, DeFronzo RA, Asaad N, Al-Suwaidi J. Insulin Resistance the Link between T2DM and CVD: Basic Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 17:153-163. [PMID: 29032755 DOI: 10.2174/1570161115666171010115119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a cardinal feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It also is associated with multiple metabolic abnormalities which are known cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Thus, IR not only contributes to the development of hyperglycemia in T2DM patients, but also to the elevated CVD risk. Improving insulin sensitivity is anticipated to both lower the plasma glucose concentration and decrease CVD risk in T2DM patients, independent of glucose control. We review the molecular mechanisms and metabolic consequences of IR in T2DM patients and discuss the importance of addressing IR in the management of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad A Abdul-Ghani
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, United States.,Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Amin Jayyousi
- Cardio-Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Division of Diabetes, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, United States
| | - Nidal Asaad
- Cardio-Metabolic Institute, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
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62
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Hong SH, Choi KM. Sarcopenic Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Their Implications in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Consequences. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020494. [PMID: 31941015 PMCID: PMC7013734 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing worldwide, particularly amongst aging populations. Insulin resistance is the core mechanism of sarcopenic obesity and is also associated with variable cardiometabolic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Fat accumulation in muscle tissue promotes a proinflammatory cascade and oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired insulin signaling, and muscle atrophy. To compound the problem, decreased muscle mass aggravates insulin resistance. In addition, the crosstalk between myokines and adipokines leads to negative feedback, which in turn aggravates sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms linking sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance with various biological pathways. We also discuss the impact and mechanism of sarcopenic obesity and insulin resistance on cardiometabolic disease.
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63
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Obradovic M, Zafirovic S, Soskic S, Stanimirovic J, Trpkovic A, Jevremovic D, Isenovic ER. Effects of IGF-1 on the Cardiovascular System. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:3715-3725. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666191106091507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
:Cardiovascular (CV) diseases are the most common health problems worldwide, with a permanent increase in incidence. Growing evidence underlines that insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a very important hormone responsible for normal CV system physiology. IGF-1 is an anabolic growth hormone, responsible for cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, and survival. Despite systemic effects, IGF-1 exerts a wide array of influences in the CV system affecting metabolic homeostasis, vasorelaxation, cardiac contractility and hypertrophy, autophagy, apoptosis, and antioxidative processes. The vasodilatory effect of IGF-1, is achieved through the regulation of the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and, at least partly, through enhancing inducible NOS (iNOS) activity. Also, IGF-1 stimulates vascular relaxation through regulation of sodium/potassiumadenosine- triphosphatase. Numerous animal studies provided evidence of diverse influences of IGF-1 in the CV system such as vasorelaxation, anti-apoptotic and prosurvival effects. Human studies indicate that low serum levels of free or total IGF-1 contribute to an increased risk of CV and cerebrovascular disease. Large human trials aiming at finding clinical efficacy and outcome of IGF-1-related therapy are of great interest.:We look forward to the development of new IGF 1 therapies with minor side effects. In this review, we discuss the latest literature data regarding the function of IGF-1 in the CV system in the physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Obradovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sonja Zafirovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sanja Soskic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Julijana Stanimirovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andreja Trpkovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danimir Jevremovic
- Faculty of Stomatology, Pancevo, University Business Academy, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Esma R. Isenovic
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Di Pino A, DeFronzo RA. Insulin Resistance and Atherosclerosis: Implications for Insulin-Sensitizing Agents. Endocr Rev 2019; 40:1447-1467. [PMID: 31050706 PMCID: PMC7445419 DOI: 10.1210/er.2018-00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are at high risk for macrovascular complications, which represent the major cause of mortality. Despite effective treatment of established cardiovascular (CV) risk factors (dyslipidemia, hypertension, procoagulant state), there remains a significant amount of unexplained CV risk. Insulin resistance is associated with a cluster of cardiometabolic risk factors known collectively as the insulin resistance (metabolic) syndrome (IRS). Considerable evidence, reviewed herein, suggests that insulin resistance and the IRS contribute to this unexplained CV risk in patients with T2DM. Accordingly, CV outcome trials with pioglitazone have demonstrated that this insulin-sensitizing thiazolidinedione reduces CV events in high-risk patients with T2DM. In this review the roles of insulin resistance and the IRS in the development of atherosclerotic CV disease and the impact of the insulin-sensitizing agents and of other antihyperglycemic medications on CV outcomes are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonino Di Pino
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Diabetes Division, University of Texas Health Science Center and Texas Diabetes Institute, San Antonio, Texas
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Attrill E, Ramsay C, Ross R, Richards S, Sutherland BA, Keske MA, Eringa E, Premilovac D. Metabolic-vascular coupling in skeletal muscle: A potential role for capillary pericytes? Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2019; 47:520-528. [PMID: 31702069 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The matching of capillary blood flow to metabolic rate of the cells within organs and tissues is a critical microvascular function which ensures appropriate delivery of hormones and nutrients, and the removal of waste products. This relationship is particularly important in tissues where local metabolism, and hence capillary blood flow, must be regulated to avoid a mismatch between nutrient demand and supply that would compromise normal function. The consequences of a mismatch in microvascular blood flow and metabolism are acutely apparent in the brain and heart, where a sudden cessation of blood flow, for example following an embolism, acutely manifests as stroke or myocardial infarction. Even in more resilient tissues such as skeletal muscle, a short-term mismatch reduces muscle performance and exercise tolerance, and can cause intermittent claudication. In the longer-term, a microvascular-metabolic mismatch in skeletal muscle reduces insulin-mediated muscle glucose uptake, leading to disturbances in whole-body metabolic homeostasis. While the notion that capillary blood flow is fine-tuned to meet cellular metabolism is well accepted, the mechanisms that control this function and where and how different parts of the vascular tree contribute to capillary blood flow regulation remain poorly understood. Here, we discuss the emerging evidence implicating pericytes, mural cells that surround capillaries, as key mediators that match tissue metabolic demand with adequate capillary blood flow in a number of organs, including skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Attrill
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Ciaran Ramsay
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Renee Ross
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Stephen Richards
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Brad A Sutherland
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
| | - Michelle A Keske
- The Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, Vic., Australia
| | - Etto Eringa
- Laboratory for Physiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dino Premilovac
- School of Medicine, College of Health and Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tas, Australia
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Xing JH, Li R, Gao YQ, Wang MY, Liu YZ, Hong J, Dong JZ, Gu HP, Li L. NLRP3 inflammasome mediate palmitate-induced endothelial dysfunction. Life Sci 2019; 239:116882. [PMID: 31705915 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Free fatty acids (FFA) is a key contributor to insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. However, the precise mechanism underlying the role of FFA remains elusive. This study aimed to investigate the role of NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing-3) inflammasome in FFA induced endothelial dysfunction. MAIN METHODS HUVECs were transfected with NLRP3 siRNA and then stimulated with LPS and palmitate. C57 BL/6 J mice transfected with NLRP3 Lenti-Virus were fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). The levels of NLRP3 inflammasome, AMPKα (AMP-activated protein kinase), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and the activity of the insulin signal pathway, in endothelial cells were determined via Western blotting. Endothelial function was determined by measuring the level of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. KEY FINDINGS FFA could activate NLRP3 inflammasome and induce IL-1β release both in vitro. and in vivo. Using siRNA and Lenti-Virus to inhibit NLRP3 abolished palmitate-induced IL-1β release and restored impaired phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Tyr), Akt (Ser473) and eNOS (Ser1177) and ACh-mediated endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation induced by palmitate. AMPKα activator AICAR(5-aminoimidazole-4-carbox-amide-1-β-d-ribofuranoside) inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and decreased IL-1β release and restored impaired insulin signal pathway induced by palmitate. SIGNIFICANCE NLRP3 inflammasome activation via AMPKα inactivation mediated palmitate-induced endothelial dysfunction through involves IL-1β-induced insulin signal pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Hui Xing
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Health Care, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yue-Qiao Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Meng-Yu Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yu-Zhou Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jin Hong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Zeng Dong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - He-Ping Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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Patel BM, Goyal RK. Liver and insulin resistance: New wine in old bottle!!! Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 862:172657. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Saxton SN, Clark BJ, Withers SB, Eringa EC, Heagerty AM. Mechanistic Links Between Obesity, Diabetes, and Blood Pressure: Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue. Physiol Rev 2019; 99:1701-1763. [PMID: 31339053 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00034.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly prevalent and is associated with substantial cardiovascular risk. Adipose tissue distribution and morphology play a key role in determining the degree of adverse effects, and a key factor in the disease process appears to be the inflammatory cell population in adipose tissue. Healthy adipose tissue secretes a number of vasoactive adipokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and changes to this secretory profile will contribute to pathogenesis in obesity. In this review, we discuss the links between adipokine dysregulation and the development of hypertension and diabetes and explore the potential for manipulating adipose tissue morphology and its immune cell population to improve cardiovascular health in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie N Saxton
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ben J Clark
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah B Withers
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Etto C Eringa
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anthony M Heagerty
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; School of Environment and Life Sciences, University of Salford, Salford, United Kingdom; and Department of Physiology, VU University Medical Centre, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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69
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Reversible Microvascular Hyporeactivity to Acetylcholine During Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Crit Care Med 2019; 46:e772-e778. [PMID: 29782357 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Metabolic acidosis is commonly observed in critically ill patients. Experimental studies suggested that acidosis by itself could impair vascular function, but this has been poorly investigated in human. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Medical ICU in a tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS To assess the relationship between metabolic acidosis severity and microvascular reactivity, we included adult diabetic patients admitted in ICU for ketoacidosis. Microvascular response to acetylcholine iontophoresis was measured at admission (baseline) and after correction of metabolic acidosis (24 hr). INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Thirty-nine patients with diabetic ketoacidosis were included (68% male), with a median age of 43 (31-57) years. At admission, microvascular reactivity negatively correlated with acidosis severity (R = -0.53; p < 0.001). Microvascular response was strongly depressed at pH less than 7.20 (area under the curve, 1,779 [740-3,079] vs 12,944 [4,874-21,596] at pH > 7.20; p < 0.0001). In addition, acidosis severity was significantly correlated with capillary refill time (R = 0.50; p = 0.02). At H24, after rehydration and insulin infusion, clinical and biological disorders were fully corrected. After acidosis correction, microvascular reactivity increased more in patients with severe baseline acidosis (pH < 7.20) than in those with mild baseline acidosis (area under the curve, +453% [213%-1,470%] vs +121% [79%-312%]; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS We identified an alteration of microvascular reactivity during metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Microvascular hyporeactivity recovered after acidosis correction.
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70
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Meza CA, La Favor JD, Kim DH, Hickner RC. Endothelial Dysfunction: Is There a Hyperglycemia-Induced Imbalance of NOX and NOS? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153775. [PMID: 31382355 PMCID: PMC6696313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
NADPH oxidases (NOX) are enzyme complexes that have received much attention as key molecules in the development of vascular dysfunction. NOX have the primary function of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS), and are considered the main source of ROS production in endothelial cells. The endothelium is a thin monolayer that lines the inner surface of blood vessels, acting as a secretory organ to maintain homeostasis of blood flow. The enzymatic production of nitric oxide (NO) by endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) is critical in mediating endothelial function, and oxidative stress can cause dysregulation of eNOS and endothelial dysfunction. Insulin is a stimulus for increases in blood flow and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. However, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes are characterized by poor control of the endothelial cell redox environment, with a shift toward overproduction of ROS by NOX. Studies in models of type 2 diabetes demonstrate that aberrant NOX activation contributes to uncoupling of eNOS and endothelial dysfunction. It is well-established that endothelial dysfunction precedes the onset of cardiovascular disease, therefore NOX are important molecular links between type 2 diabetes and vascular complications. The aim of the current review is to describe the normal, healthy physiological mechanisms involved in endothelial function, and highlight the central role of NOX in mediating endothelial dysfunction when glucose homeostasis is impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesar A Meza
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Justin D La Favor
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Do-Houn Kim
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Robert C Hickner
- Department of Nutrition, Food & Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
- Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, College of Human Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.
- Department of Biokinetics, Exercise and Leisure Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville 4041, South Africa.
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Badran A, Baydoun E, Samaha A, Pintus G, Mesmar J, Iratni R, Issa K, Eid AH. Marjoram Relaxes Rat Thoracic Aorta Via a PI3-K/eNOS/cGMP Pathway. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9060227. [PMID: 31212721 PMCID: PMC6627793 DOI: 10.3390/biom9060227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite pharmacotherapeutic advances, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains the primary cause of global mortality. Alternative approaches, such as herbal medicine, continue to be sought to reduce this burden. Origanum majorana is recognized for many medicinal values, yet its vasculoprotective effects remain poorly investigated. Here, we subjected rat thoracic aortae to increasing doses of an ethanolic extract of Origanum majorana (OME). OME induced relaxation in a dose-dependent manner in endothelium-intact rings. This relaxation was significantly blunted in denuded rings. N(ω)-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) or 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3,-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ) significantly reduced the OME-induced vasorelaxation. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels were also increased by OME. Moreover, wortmannin or LY294002 significantly reduced OME-induced vasorelaxation. Blockers of ATP-sensitive or Ca2+-activated potassium channels such as glibenclamide or tetraethylamonium (TEA), respectively, did not significantly affect OME-induced relaxation. Similarly, verapamil, a Ca2+ channel blocker, indomethacin, a non-selective cyclooxygenase inhibitor, and pyrilamine, a H1 histamine receptor blocker, did not significantly modulate the observed relaxation. Taken together, our results show that OME induces vasorelaxation via an endothelium-dependent mechanism involving the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K)/ endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS)/cGMP pathway. Our findings further support the medicinal value of marjoram and provide a basis for its beneficial intake. Although consuming marjoram may have an antihypertensive effect, further studies are needed to better determine its effects in different vascular beds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan Badran
- Department of Nutrition, University of Petra, Amman, P.O. Box 961343 Amman 11196, Jordan.
| | - Elias Baydoun
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
| | - Ali Samaha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, P.O. Box: 146404 Mazraa, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Public Health IV, Lebanese University, Beirut, P.O. Box 6573/14 Badaro, Lebanon.
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
- Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, P.O. Box 2713, Qatar.
| | - Joelle Mesmar
- Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
| | - Rabah Iratni
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Khodr Issa
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, American University of Beirut, Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Lebanon.
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Nostell K, Lindåse S, Edberg H, Bröjer J. The effect of insulin infusion on heart rate and systemic blood pressure in horses with equine metabolic syndrome. Equine Vet J 2019; 51:733-737. [PMID: 30887546 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little evidence that horses with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS) have higher resting blood pressures than horses with normal insulin sensitivity. However, there are indications that EMS horses have an altered dynamic response to the cardiovascular effects of insulin. OBJECTIVES To examine heart rate and the systemic blood pressure response in EMS and control horses during insulin infusion. STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional study. METHODS Horses were examined with an oral sugar test (OST) and a euglycaemic hyperinsulinaemic clamp (EHC). Based on the results from the OST, the horses were classified as either EMS or control. Blood pressure was measured before the start of the EHC and at 60, 120 and 180 min of the EHC. RESULTS There were 16 EMS and 12 control horses. Mean resting heart rate was higher for EMS horses compared with control (35.6 ± 5.1 vs. 30.3 ± 3.5 beats/min). Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure did not differ between groups at the start of the EHC. Blood pressure decreased gradually during the EHC in the control group, whereas the EMS group showed no decline in systolic, diastolic or mean arterial pressure. MAIN LIMITATIONS Limited number of horses. CONCLUSIONS Horses with EMS have cardiovascular changes that affect resting heart rate and systemic blood pressure during insulin infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nostell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Lindåse
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - H Edberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Bröjer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
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Shi X, Wang S, Luan H, Tuerhong D, Lin Y, Liang J, Xiong Y, Rui L, Wu F. Clinopodium chinense Attenuates Palmitic Acid-Induced Vascular Endothelial Inflammation and Insulin Resistance through TLR4-Mediated NF- κ B and MAPK Pathways. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2019; 47:97-117. [PMID: 30776912 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Elevated palmitic acid (PA) levels are associated with the development of inflammation, insulin resistance (IR) and endothelial dysfunction. Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) O. Kuntze has been shown to lower blood glucose and attenuate high glucose-induced vascular endothelial cells injury. In the present study we investigated the effects of ethyl acetate extract of C. chinense (CCE) on PA-induced inflammation and IR in the vascular endothelium and its molecular mechanism. We found that CCE significantly inhibited PA-induced toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Consequently, this led to the inhibition of the following downstream adapted proteins myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor-inducing interferon- β and TNF receptor-associated factor 6. Moreover, CCE inhibited the phosphorylation of Ikappa B kinase β , nuclear factor kappa-B (NF- κ B), c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular regulated protein kinases, p38-mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and subsequently suppressed the release of tumor necrosis factor- α , interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β ) and IL-6. CCE also inhibited IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and ameliorated insulin-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. Moreover, CCE restored serine/threonine kinase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activation and thus increased insulin-mediated nitric oxide (NO) production in PA-treated HUVECs. This led to reverse insulin mediated endothelium-dependent relaxation, eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in PA-treated rat thoracic aortas. These results suggest that CCE can significantly inhibit the inflammatory response and alleviate impaired insulin signaling in the vascular endothelium by suppressing TLR4-mediated NF- κ B and MAPK pathways. Therefore, CCE can be considered as a potential therapeutic candidate for endothelial dysfunction associated with IR and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoji Shi
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Huiling Luan
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Dina Tuerhong
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yining Lin
- † Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Jingyu Liang
- ‡ Department of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China
| | - Yi Xiong
- § Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Liangyou Rui
- § Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Feihua Wu
- * Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,† Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China.,§ Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, USA
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Luo R, Chen X, Ma H, Yao C, Liu M, Tao J, Li X. Myocardial caspase-3 and NF-κB activation promotes calpain-induced septic apoptosis: The role of Akt/eNOS/NO pathway. Life Sci 2019; 222:195-202. [PMID: 30807754 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.02.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the potential mechanism that the role of the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway in calpain-induced caspase-3 and NF-κB activation during septic apoptosis. MAIN METHODS Septic rats were stimulated by LPS (8 mg/kg, i.p.). Myocardial calpain, caspase-3, NO, TNF-α and IL-1β levels were detected by ELISA. The levels of Akt/p-Akt, eNOS/p-eNOS, iNOS proteins and number of apoptotic cells were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, western blot and TUNEL method. KEY FINDINGS Compared with sham, LPS treatment resulted in 4.1-fold and 1.8-fold increases in myocardial calpain activity and caspase-3 activation, respectively, and a significant increase (6.8-fold) in apoptotic cardiomyocytes was observed. The administration of calpain inhibitors (calpain inhibitor-IV, PD150606 and PD151746) showed that p-Akt and p-eNOS protein levels were correlated with the levels of LPS-induced myocardial calpain and caspase-3 activity. In addition, the quantity of p-Akt protein and NO content were markedly attenuated by wortmannin, a phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor. Pretreatment with L-NAME, an NOS inhibitor, induced a decrease in p-eNOS proteins and apoptosis in myocardial tissues, while iNOS proteins were strongly increased in septic rats. SIGNIFICANCE This study suggests that the Akt/eNOS/NO pathway might lead to a novel pharmacological therapy for cardiomyocytes apoptosis in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Luo
- Temperature and Inflammation Research Center, Key Laboratory of Colleges and Universities in Sichuan Province, Chengdu Medical College, 610500, China
| | - Xuepin Chen
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Huihui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Mingjiang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Jianhong Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China; Department of Cardiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu 610072, China.
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75
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Muscle Insulin Resistance and the Inflamed Microvasculature: Fire from Within. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030562. [PMID: 30699907 PMCID: PMC6387226 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin is a vascular hormone and regulates vascular tone and reactivity. Muscle is a major insulin target that is responsible for the majority of insulin-stimulated glucose use. Evidence confirms that muscle microvasculature is an important insulin action site and critically regulates insulin delivery to muscle and action on myocytes, thereby affecting insulin-mediated glucose disposal. Insulin via activation of its signaling cascade in the endothelial cells increases muscle microvascular perfusion, which leads to an expansion of the endothelial exchange surface area. Insulin’s microvascular actions closely couple with its metabolic actions in muscle and blockade of insulin-mediated microvascular perfusion reduces insulin-stimulated muscle glucose disposal. Type 2 diabetes is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which engenders both metabolic and microvascular insulin resistance through endocrine, autocrine and paracrine actions of multiple pro-inflammatory factors. Here, we review the crucial role of muscle microvasculature in the regulation of insulin action in muscle and how inflammation in the muscle microvasculature affects insulin’s microvascular actions as well as metabolic actions. We propose that microvascular insulin resistance induced by inflammation is an early event in the development of metabolic insulin resistance and eventually type 2 diabetes and its related cardiovascular complications, and thus is a potential therapeutic target for the prevention or treatment of obesity and diabetes.
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76
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Akoumianakis I, Antoniades C. Impaired Vascular Redox Signaling in the Vascular Complications of Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 30:333-353. [PMID: 29084432 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Oxidative stress, a crucial regulator of vascular disease pathogenesis, may be involved in the vascular complications of obesity, systemic insulin resistance (IR), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Recent Advances: Excessive production of reactive oxygen species in the vascular wall has been linked with vascular disease pathogenesis. Recent evidence has revealed that vascular redox state is dysregulated in cases of obesity, systemic IR, and DM, potentially participating in the well-known vascular complications of these disease entities. Critical Issues: The detrimental effects of obesity and the metabolic syndrome on vascular biology have been extensively described at a clinical level. Further, vascular oxidative stress has often been associated with the presence of obesity and IR as well as with a variety of detrimental vascular phenotypes. However, the mechanisms of vascular redox state regulation under conditions of obesity and systemic IR, as well as their clinical relevance, are not adequately explored. In addition, the notion of vascular IR, and its relationship with systemic parameters of obesity and systemic IR, is not fully understood. In this review, we present all the important components of vascular redox state and the evidence linking oxidative stress with obesity and IR. Future Directions: Future studies are required to describe the cellular effects and the translational potential of vascular redox state in the context of vascular disease. In addition, further elucidation of the direct vascular effects of obesity and IR is required for better management of the vascular complications of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Akoumianakis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford, United Kingdom
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77
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Subiabre M, Villalobos-Labra R, Silva L, Fuentes G, Toledo F, Sobrevia L. Role of insulin, adenosine, and adipokine receptors in the foetoplacental vascular dysfunction in gestational diabetes mellitus. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165370. [PMID: 30660686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a disease of pregnancy associated with maternal and foetal hyperglycaemia and altered foetoplacental vascular function. Human foetoplacental microvascular and macrovascular endothelium from GDM pregnancy show increased maximal l-arginine transport capacity via the human cationic amino acid transporter 1 (hCAT-1) isoform and nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by the endothelial NO synthase (eNOS). These alterations are paralleled by lower maximal transport activity of the endogenous nucleoside adenosine via the human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) and activation of adenosine receptors. A causal relationship has been described for adenosine-activation of A2A adenosine receptors, hCAT-1, and eNOS activity (i.e. the Adenosine/l-Arginine/Nitric Oxide, ALANO, signalling pathway). Insulin restores these alterations in GDM via activation of insulin receptor A (IR-A) form in the macrovascular but IR-A and IR-B forms in the microcirculation of the human placenta. Adipokines are secreted from adipocytes influencing the foetoplacental metabolic and vascular function. Various adipokines are dysregulated in GDM, with adiponectin and leptin playing major roles. Abnormal plasma concentration of these adipokines and the activation or their receptors are involved in the pathophysiology of GDM. However, involvement of adipokines, adenosine, and insulin receptors and membrane transporters in the aetiology of this disease of pregnancy is unknown. This review focuses on the pathophysiology of insulin and adenosine receptors and l-arginine and adenosine membranes transporters giving an overview of the key adipokines leptin and adiponectin in the foetoplacental vasculature in GDM. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Transporters and Receptors in Pregnancy Metabolic Complications edited by Luis Sobrevia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Subiabre
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile.
| | - Roberto Villalobos-Labra
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile
| | - Luis Silva
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Immunoendocrinology, Division of Medical Biology, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen (UMCG), Groningen 9700 RB, the Netherlands
| | - Gonzalo Fuentes
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Cell Physiology Laboratory, Biomedical Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Antofagasta, Antofagasta 1270300, Chile
| | - Fernando Toledo
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bío Bío, Chillán 3780000, Chile
| | - Luis Sobrevia
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology Laboratory (CMPL), Department of Obstetrics, Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville E-41012, Spain; University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR), Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Herston 4029, Queensland, Australia.
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78
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Zhao D, Lv Q, Yang J, Wu G, Liu M, Yang Q, Han J, Feng Y, Lin S, Hu J. Taurine Improves Lipid Metabolism and Skeletal Muscle Sensitivity to Insulin in Rats Fed with High Sugar and High Fat Diet. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1155:133-146. [PMID: 31468392 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-8023-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome is a lifestyle-related disease caused by high nutrient condition and lack of exercise. The insulin resistance due to obesity has attracted attention as an underlying mechanism of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance refers to reduced insulin sensitivity in insulin target tissues. In this case, in order to maintain normal blood glucose levels, a compensatory large amount of insulin is released, leading to the occurrence of hyperinsulinemia. Taurine is widely distributed in animal tissues. Although it is not involved in protein synthesis, taurine plays an important role in maintaining the body's physiological function. In this experiment, insulin resistance model was induced by high fat and high sugar diet. Two percent taurine was added in drinking water to explore the mechanism of taurine in insulin resistance and to provide theoretical basis for using taurine to improve insulin resistance. The result showed that high-fat and high-sugar diet could decrease insulin sensitivity, and taurine could improve it by oral glucose tolerance test. Moreover, serum TG, TC were higher, while HDL-C in rats fed with high sugar and high fat diet was lower than normal rats, the changes of which can be significantly relieved by 2% taurine administration. mRNA and protein expressions of IRS1, and GLUT4 which were significantly changed by high sugar and high fat diet can also be regulated by 2% taurine. The results indicated that taurine can improve insulin sensitivity through remediating lipid metabolism disorder and regulating the expressions of IRS and GLUT4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Zhao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiufeng Lv
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiancheng Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Gaofeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Qunhui Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Han
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Feng
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Shumei Lin
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianmin Hu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, College of Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
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Granado M, Amor S, Martín-Carro B, Guerra-Menéndez L, Tejera-Muñoz A, González-Hedström D, Rubio C, Carrascosa JM, García-Villalón ÁL. Caloric restriction attenuates aging-induced cardiac insulin resistance in male Wistar rats through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:97-105. [PMID: 30497927 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Caloric restriction (CR) improves insulin sensitivity and is one of the dietetic strategies most commonly used to enlarge life and to prevent aging-induced cardiovascular alterations. The aim of this study was to analyze the possible beneficial effects of caloric restriction (CR) preventing the aging-induced insulin resistance in the heart of male Wistar rats. METHODS AND RESULTS Three experimental groups were used: 3 months old rats (3m), 24 months old rats (24m) and 24 months old rats subjected to 20% CR during their three last months of life (24m-CR). After sacrifice hearts were mounted in a perfusion system (Langendorff) and heart function in basal conditions and in response to accumulative doses of insulin (10-9-10-7 M), in the presence or absence of Wortmannin (10-6 M), was recorded. CR did not attenuate the aging-induced decrease in coronary artery vasodilation in response to insulin administration, but it prevented the aging-induced downregulation of cardiac contractility (dp/dt) through activation of the PI3K/Akt intracellular pathway. Insulin stimulated in a greater extent the PI3K/Akt pathway vs the activation of the MAPK pathway and increased the protein expression of IR, GLUT-4 and eNOS in the hearts of 3m and 24m-CR rats, but not in the hearts of 24m rats. Furthermore, CR prevented the aging induced increase in endothelin-1 protein expression in myocardial tissue. CONCLUSION In conclusion CR partially improves cardiac insulin sensitivity and prevents the aging induced decrease in myocardial contractility in response to insulin administration through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Granado
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - S Amor
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - B Martín-Carro
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Guerra-Menéndez
- Departamento de Ciencias Médicas Básicas, Universidad San Pablo CEU, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Tejera-Muñoz
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - D González-Hedström
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - C Rubio
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - J M Carrascosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Á L García-Villalón
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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80
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Cinnamaldehyde ameliorates STZ-induced rat diabetes through modulation of IRS1/PI3K/AKT2 pathway and AGEs/RAGE interaction. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2018; 392:243-258. [DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-1583-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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81
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Schinzari F, Tesauro M, Cardillo C. Increased endothelin-1-mediated vasoconstrictor tone in human obesity: effects of gut hormones. Physiol Res 2018; 67:S69-S81. [PMID: 29947529 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The heavy impact of obesity on the development and progression of cardiovascular disease has sparked sustained efforts to uncover the mechanisms linking excess adiposity to vascular dysfunction. Impaired vasodilator reactivity has been recognized as an early hemodynamic abnormality in obese patients, but also increased vasoconstrictor tone importantly contributes to their vascular damage. In particular, upregulation of the endothelin (ET)-1 system, consistently reported in these patients, might accelerate atherosclerosis and its complication, given the pro-inflammatory and mitogenic properties of ET-1. In recent years, a number of gut hormones, in addition to their role as modulators of food intake, energy balance, glucose and lipid metabolism, and insulin secretion and action, have demonstrated favorable vascular actions. They increase the bioavailability of vasodilator mediators like nitric oxide, but they have also been shown to inhibit the ET-1 system. These features make gut hormones promising tools for targeting both the metabolic and cardiovascular complications of obesity, a view supported by recent large-scale clinical trials indicating that novel drugs for type 2 diabetes with cardiovascular potential may translate into clinically significant advantages. Therefore, there is real hope that better understanding of the properties of gut-derived substances might provide more effective therapies for the obesity-related cardiometabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schinzari
- Policlinico A. Gemelli, Rome, Italy, Istituto di Patologia Speciale Medica e Semeiotica Medica, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
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82
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Eid RA, El-Kott AF, Zaki MSA, Eldeen MA, Al-Hashem FH, Alkhateeb MA, Alassiri M, Aldera H. Acylated ghrelin protects aorta damage post-MI via activation of eNOS and inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme induced activation of NAD(P)H-dependent oxidase. Ultrastruct Pathol 2018; 42:416-429. [PMID: 30300044 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2018.1526242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
NAD(P)H dependent oxidase derived-reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in blood vessels postmyocardial infarction MI or during the HF leads to endothelium dysfunction and enhanced apoptosis. Acylated ghrelin (AG) is a well-reported cardioprotective and antiapoptotic agent for the heart. AG receptors are widely distributed in most of blood vessels, suggesting a role in the regulation of endothelial function and survival. This study investigated if AG can protect aorta of rats' postmyocardial infarction (MI)-induced damage and endothelial dysfunction. Adult male rats were divided into four groups of (1) Sham, (2) Sham + AG, (3) MI, and (4) MI + AG. Vehicle (normal saline) or AG (100 µ/kg) was administered to rats for 21 consecutive days, after which, numerous biochemical markers were detected by blot. Both histological and electron microscope studies were carried on aortic samples from MI-induced rats. AG increased protein levels of both total and phosphorylated forms of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS and p-eNOS, respectively). Only in MI-treated rats, AG prevented the decreases in the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lowered levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG). Concomitantly, it lowered the increased protein levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), p22phox and cleaved caspase-3 and prevented the aorta histological and ultrustructural abnormalities induced by MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Refaat A Eid
- a Department of Pathology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Attalla Farag El-Kott
- b Department of Biology, College of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia.,c Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science , Damanhour University , Damanhour , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Samir Ahmed Zaki
- d Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia.,e Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Muhammad Alaa Eldeen
- f Biology Department, Physiology Section, Faculty of Science , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Fahaid H Al-Hashem
- g Department of Physiology, College of Medicine , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A Alkhateeb
- h Department of basic medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alassiri
- h Department of basic medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Aldera
- h Department of basic medical Sciences, College of Medicine , King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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83
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Lee Y, Chakraborty S, Meininger CJ, Muthuchamy M. Insulin resistance disrupts cell integrity, mitochondrial function, and inflammatory signaling in lymphatic endothelium. Microcirculation 2018; 25:e12492. [PMID: 30025187 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lymphatic vessel dysfunction and increased lymph leakage have been directly associated with several metabolic diseases. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms causing lymphatic dysfunction have not been determined. Aberrant insulin signaling affects the metabolic function of cells and consequently impairs tissue function. We hypothesized that insulin resistance in LECs decreases eNOS activity, disrupts barrier integrity increases permeability, and activates mitochondrial dysfunction and pro-inflammatory signaling pathways. METHODS LECs were treated with insulin and/or glucose to determine the mechanisms leading to insulin resistance. RESULTS Acute insulin treatment increased eNOS phosphorylation and NO production in LECs via activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Prolonged hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia induced insulin resistance in LECs. Insulin-resistant LECs produced less NO due to a decrease in eNOS phosphorylation and showed a significant decrease in impedance across an LEC monolayer that was associated with disruption in the adherence junctional proteins. Additionally, insulin resistance in LECs impaired mitochondrial function by decreasing basal-, maximal-, and ATP-linked OCRs and activated NF-κB nuclear translocation coupled with increased pro-inflammatory signaling. CONCLUSION Our data provide the first evidence that insulin resistance disrupts endothelial barrier integrity, decreases eNOS phosphorylation and mitochondrial function, and activates inflammation in LECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lee
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Sanjukta Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Cynthia J Meininger
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Mariappan Muthuchamy
- Department of Medical Physiology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
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84
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Moon KH, Park SY, Kim YW. Obesity and Erectile Dysfunction: From Bench to Clinical Implication. World J Mens Health 2018; 37:138-147. [PMID: 30079640 PMCID: PMC6479091 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.180026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health issue worldwide and is frequently associated with erectile dysfunction (ED). Both conditions may share an internal pathologic environment, also known as common soil. Their main pathophysiologic processes are oxidative stress, inflammation, and resultant insulin and leptin resistance. Moreover, the severity of ED is correlated with comorbid medical conditions, including obesity. Therefore, amelioration of these comorbidities may increase the efficacy of ED treatment with phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors, the first-line medication for patients with ED. Although metformin was originally developed as an insulin sensitizer six decades ago, it has also been shown to improve leptin resistance. In addition, metformin has been reported to reduce oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and body weight, as well as improve ED, in animal and human studies. Moreover, administration of a combination of metformin and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors improves erectile function in patients with ED who have a poor response to sildenafil and are insulin resistant. Thus, concomitant treatment of metabolic derangements associated with obesity in patients with ED who are obese would improve the efficacy and reduce the refractory response to penile vasodilators. In this review, we discuss the connecting factors between obesity and ED and the possible combined treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hak Moon
- Department of Urology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yong Woon Kim
- Department of Physiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea.
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85
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Xu T, Lv Z, Chen Q, Guo M, Wang X, Huang F. Vascular endothelial growth factor over-expressed mesenchymal stem cells-conditioned media ameliorate palmitate-induced diabetic endothelial dysfunction through PI-3K/AKT/m-TOR/eNOS and p38/MAPK signaling pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 106:491-498. [PMID: 29990837 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.06.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM), islet microvasculares are severely damaged due to glucolipotoxicity and other reasons. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an indispensable and specific angiogenic factor in the pathogenesis and treatment of diabetic islet microvascular disease. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are regarded as a promising treatment of diabetes because of their immunosuppressive effect and multipotential differentiation potency. In this study, we tested whether MSCs over-expressing VEGF conditioned medium (MSC-VEGF-CM) could ameliorate pancreatic islet endothelial cells (MS-1) dysfunction induced by a common diabetic inducer palmitate (PA). We found that cell survival and migration were restrained by PA and partly repaired by the pro-protected of MSC-VEGF-CM. Meanwhile, PI-3K/AKT/m-TOR/eNOS and p38/MAPK signaling pathways were also up-regulated. Though apoptosis-related proteins, caspase-3 and caspase-9, had no significantly suppressed between MSC-VEGF-CM and MSC-CM alone, the expression levels of vascular surface factors such as CD31, VE-cadherin, occludin and ICAM-1, were remarkably up-regulated by the pro-protected of MSC-VEGF-CM. Our data suggested that MSC-VEGF-CM had therapeutic effect on the PA-induced dysfunction through the re-activation of PI-3K/AKT/m-TOR/eNOS and p38/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Xu
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- School of Life Science, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiuhua Chen
- Intensive Care Unit, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Guo
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xufang Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fengjie Huang
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.
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86
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Yunn NO, Kim J, Kim Y, Leibiger I, Berggren PO, Ryu SH. Mechanistic understanding of insulin receptor modulation: Implications for the development of anti-diabetic drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2018; 185:86-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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87
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Abstract
The frequency of prediabetes is increasing as the prevalence of obesity rises worldwide. In prediabetes, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation and metabolic derangements associated with concomitant obesity cause endothelial vasodilator and fibrinolytic dysfunction, leading to increased risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. Importantly, the microvasculature affects insulin sensitivity by affecting the delivery of insulin and glucose to skeletal muscle; thus, endothelial dysfunction and extracellular matrix remodeling promote the progression from prediabetes to diabetes mellitus. Weight loss is the mainstay of treatment in prediabetes, but therapies that improved endothelial function and vasodilation may not only prevent cardiovascular disease but also slow progression to diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Wasserman
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (D.H.W.) and Medicine (T.J.W., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Thomas J Wang
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (D.H.W.) and Medicine (T.J.W., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Nancy J Brown
- From the Departments of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics (D.H.W.) and Medicine (T.J.W., N.J.B.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
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88
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Tokarz VL, MacDonald PE, Klip A. The cell biology of systemic insulin function. J Cell Biol 2018; 217:2273-2289. [PMID: 29622564 PMCID: PMC6028526 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201802095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Tokarz et al. review the cell biology of insulin physiology throughout the body, from synthesis to the delivery, action, and final degradation of insulin. Insulin is the paramount anabolic hormone, promoting carbon energy deposition in the body. Its synthesis, quality control, delivery, and action are exquisitely regulated by highly orchestrated intracellular mechanisms in different organs or “stations” of its bodily journey. In this Beyond the Cell review, we focus on these five stages of the journey of insulin through the body and the captivating cell biology that underlies the interaction of insulin with each organ. We first analyze insulin’s biosynthesis in and export from the β-cells of the pancreas. Next, we focus on its first pass and partial clearance in the liver with its temporality and periodicity linked to secretion. Continuing the journey, we briefly describe insulin’s action on the blood vasculature and its still-debated mechanisms of exit from the capillary beds. Once in the parenchymal interstitium of muscle and adipose tissue, insulin promotes glucose uptake into myofibers and adipocytes, and we elaborate on the intricate signaling and vesicle traffic mechanisms that underlie this fundamental function. Finally, we touch upon the renal degradation of insulin to end its action. Cellular discernment of insulin’s availability and action should prove critical to understanding its pivotal physiological functions and how their failure leads to diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Tokarz
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick E MacDonald
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada .,Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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89
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Kalyanaraman H, Schwaerzer G, Ramdani G, Castillo F, Scott BT, Dillmann W, Sah RL, Casteel DE, Pilz RB. Protein Kinase G Activation Reverses Oxidative Stress and Restores Osteoblast Function and Bone Formation in Male Mice With Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes 2018; 67:607-623. [PMID: 29301852 PMCID: PMC5860855 DOI: 10.2337/db17-0965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bone loss and fractures are underrecognized complications of type 1 diabetes and are primarily due to impaired bone formation by osteoblasts. The mechanisms leading to osteoblast dysfunction in diabetes are incompletely understood, but insulin deficiency, poor glycemic control, and hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress likely contribute. Here we show that insulin promotes osteoblast proliferation and survival via the nitric oxide (NO)/cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)/protein kinase G (PKG) signal transduction pathway and that PKG stimulation of Akt provides a positive feedback loop. In osteoblasts exposed to high glucose, NO/cGMP/PKG signaling was reduced due in part to the addition of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine to NO synthase-3, oxidative inhibition of guanylate cyclase activity, and suppression of PKG transcription. Cinaciguat-an NO-independent activator of oxidized guanylate cyclase-increased cGMP synthesis under diabetic conditions and restored proliferation, differentiation, and survival of osteoblasts. Cinaciguat increased trabecular and cortical bone in mice with type 1 diabetes by improving bone formation and osteocyte survival. In bones from diabetic mice and in osteoblasts exposed to high glucose, cinaciguat reduced oxidative stress via PKG-dependent induction of antioxidant genes and downregulation of excess NADPH oxidase-4-dependent H2O2 production. These results suggest that cGMP-elevating agents could be used as an adjunct treatment for diabetes-associated osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema Kalyanaraman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Gerburg Schwaerzer
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ghania Ramdani
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Francine Castillo
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Brian T Scott
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Wolfgang Dillmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert L Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Darren E Casteel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Renate B Pilz
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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90
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Saad MJ. Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelium: Molecular Interactions. ENDOTHELIUM AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES 2018:639-652. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-812348-5.00044-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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91
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Eelen G, de Zeeuw P, Treps L, Harjes U, Wong BW, Carmeliet P. Endothelial Cell Metabolism. Physiol Rev 2018; 98:3-58. [PMID: 29167330 PMCID: PMC5866357 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 304] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) are more than inert blood vessel lining material. Instead, they are active players in the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) both in health and (life-threatening) diseases. Recently, a new concept arose by which EC metabolism drives angiogenesis in parallel to well-established angiogenic growth factors (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor). 6-Phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase-3-driven glycolysis generates energy to sustain competitive behavior of the ECs at the tip of a growing vessel sprout, whereas carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a-controlled fatty acid oxidation regulates nucleotide synthesis and proliferation of ECs in the stalk of the sprout. To maintain vascular homeostasis, ECs rely on an intricate metabolic wiring characterized by intracellular compartmentalization, use metabolites for epigenetic regulation of EC subtype differentiation, crosstalk through metabolite release with other cell types, and exhibit EC subtype-specific metabolic traits. Importantly, maladaptation of EC metabolism contributes to vascular disorders, through EC dysfunction or excess angiogenesis, and presents new opportunities for anti-angiogenic strategies. Here we provide a comprehensive overview of established as well as newly uncovered aspects of EC metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Eelen
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pauline de Zeeuw
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucas Treps
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ulrike Harjes
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brian W Wong
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Carmeliet
- Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Department of Oncology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; and Laboratory of Angiogenesis and Vascular Metabolism, Center for Cancer Biology, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
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92
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Fernández-Alfonso MS, Somoza B, Tsvetkov D, Kuczmanski A, Dashwood M, Gil-Ortega M. Role of Perivascular Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Compr Physiol 2017; 8:23-59. [PMID: 29357124 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c170004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is cushion of fat tissue surrounding blood vessels, which is phenotypically different from other adipose tissue depots. PVAT is composed of adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction, constituted by different populations of immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipose-derived stromal cells. It expresses and releases an important number of vasoactive factors with paracrine effects on vascular structure and function. In healthy individuals, these factors elicit a net anticontractile and anti-inflammatory paracrine effect aimed at meeting hemodynamic and metabolic demands of specific organs and regions of the body. Pathophysiological situations, such as obesity, diabetes or hypertension, induce changes in its amount and in the expression pattern of vasoactive factors leading to a PVAT dysfunction in which the beneficial paracrine influence of PVAT is shifted to a pro-oxidant, proinflammatory, contractile, and trophic environment leading to functional and structural cardiovascular alterations and cardiovascular disease. Many different PVATs surrounding a variety of blood vessels have been described and exhibit regional differences. Both protective and deleterious influence of PVAT differs regionally depending on the specific vascular bed contributing to variations in the susceptibility of arteries and veins to vascular disease. PVAT therefore, might represent a novel target for pharmacological intervention in cardiovascular disease. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:23-59, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz Somoza
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Dmitry Tsvetkov
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany.,Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapy, Eberhard Karls University Hospitals and Clinics, and Interfaculty Center of Pharmacogenomics and Drug Research, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Artur Kuczmanski
- Department of Anestesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, HELIOS Klinikum, Berlin-Buch GmbH, Germany
| | - Mick Dashwood
- Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | - Marta Gil-Ortega
- Departamento de Ciencias Farmacéuticas y de la Salud, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad CEU-San Pablo, Madrid, Spain
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93
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Doytcheva P, Bächler T, Tarasco E, Marzolla V, Engeli M, Pellegrini G, Stivala S, Rohrer L, Tona F, Camici GG, Vanhoutte PM, Matter CM, Lutz TA, Lüscher TF, Osto E. Inhibition of Vascular c-Jun N-Terminal Kinase 2 Improves Obesity-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. J Am Heart Assoc 2017; 6:JAHA.117.006441. [PMID: 29138180 PMCID: PMC5721746 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.006441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Roux‐en‐Y gastric bypass (RYGB) reduces obesity‐associated comorbidities and cardiovascular mortality. RYGB improves endothelial dysfunction, reducing c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) vascular phosphorylation. JNK activation links obesity with insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction. Herein, we examined whether JNK1 or JNK2 mediates obesity‐induced endothelial dysfunction and if pharmacological JNK inhibition can mimic RYGB vascular benefits. Methods and Results After 7 weeks of a high‐fat high‐cholesterol diet, obese rats underwent RYGB or sham surgery; sham–operated ad libitum–fed rats received, for 8 days, either the control peptide D‐TAT or the JNK peptide inhibitor D‐JNKi‐1 (20 mg/kg per day subcutaneous). JNK peptide inhibitor D‐JNKi‐1 treatment improved endothelial vasorelaxation in response to insulin and glucagon‐like peptide‐1, as observed after RYGB. Obesity increased aortic phosphorylation of JNK2, but not of JNK1. RYGB and JNK peptide inhibitor D‐JNKi‐1 treatment blunted aortic JNK2 phosphorylation via activation of glucagon‐like peptide‐1–mediated signaling. The inhibitory phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate‐1 was reduced, whereas the protein kinase B/endothelial NO synthase pathway was increased and oxidative stress was decreased, resulting in improved vascular NO bioavailability. Conclusions Decreased aortic JNK2 phosphorylation after RYGB rapidly improves obesity‐induced endothelial dysfunction. Pharmacological JNK inhibition mimics the endothelial protective effects of RYGB. These findings highlight the therapeutic potential of novel strategies targeting vascular JNK2 against the severe cardiovascular disease associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petia Doytcheva
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bächler
- Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Erika Tarasco
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Vincenzo Marzolla
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Cardiovascular Endocrinology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Michael Engeli
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Pellegrini
- Laboratory for Animal Model Pathology, Institute for Veterinary Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simona Stivala
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lucia Rohrer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni G Camici
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paul M Vanhoutte
- State Key Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Biotechnologies & Department of Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Christian M Matter
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas A Lutz
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas F Lüscher
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Osto
- Center for Molecular Cardiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland .,University Heart Center, Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Switzerland.,Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Switzerland.,Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETHZ), Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
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94
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Mahmoud AM. Exercise Amaliorates Metabolic Disturbances and Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Possible Underlying Mechanisms. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 999:207-230. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-4307-9_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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95
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Evaluation of endothelial dysfunction in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Association of selenoprotein P with carotid intima-media thickness and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2017; 41:516-524. [PMID: 28760353 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with NAFLD, there is an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Selenoprotein P (SelP), a hepatokine, is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and serum SelP was found to be elevated in patients with NAFLD. AIM This study aimed to determine the risk of CVD in NAFLD patients and the association of serum SelP levels with this NAFLD related CVD risk. METHODS Ninety-three patients with NAFLD and 37 healthy controls were included in the study. Complete blood count, C-reactive protein (CRP), fasting glucose, serum lipid levels, and SelP levels were tested from fasting blood samples. Moreover, body mass index (BMI), HOMA-IR, carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) were measured. RESULTS In patients with NAFLD, the FMD ratio was significantly lower than in controls (P=0.027). cIMT measurements were similar in both groups (P=0.996). Serum SelP levels were significantly higher than controls (P<0.001). SelP levels were significantly correlated with BMI, fasting glucose, LDL-cholesterol and HOMA-IR (r=0.395, P<0.001; r=0.322, P=0.002; r=0.353, P<0.001; r=0.521, P<0.001, respectively). Also, SelP levels were significantly lower and correlated with FMD (r=-0.674, P<0.001). SelP, ESR and CRP were significantly higher (P<0.05) and FMD ratios were significantly lower (P<0.05) in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) when compared to patients with simple steatosis. CONCLUSION These results suggest that in young NAFLD patients without additional comorbidities, there is an increased risk of CVD. FMD may be a better predictor for assessment of CVD risk when compared with cIMT. We assume that there could also be an important role of SelP in the pathogenesis of NASH.
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96
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Insulin Resistance, Obesity and Lipotoxicity. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 960:277-304. [PMID: 28585204 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-48382-5_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Lipotoxicity , originally used to describe the destructive effects of excess fat accumulation on glucose metabolism, causes functional impairments in several metabolic pathways, both in adipose tissue and peripheral organs, like liver, heart, pancreas and muscle. Lipotoxicity has roles in insulin resistance and pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. Increased circulating levels of lipids and the metabolic alterations in fatty acid utilization and intracellular signaling, have been related to insulin resistance in muscle and liver. Different pathways, like novel protein kinase c pathways and the JNK-1 pathway are involved as the mechanisms of how lipotoxicity leads to insulin resistance in nonadipose tissue organs, such as liver and muscle. Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Endoplasmic reticulum stress, through mainly increased oxidative stress, also plays important role in the etiology of insulin resistance, especially seen in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Visceral adiposity and insulin resistance both increase the cardiometabolic risk and lipotoxicity seems to play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of these associations.
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97
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Gu YT, Wang YC, Zhang HJ, Zhao TT, Sun SF, Wang H, Zhu B, Li P. Protective effect of dihydropteridine reductase against oxidative stress is abolished with A278C mutation. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2017. [DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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98
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Pardeshi R, Bolshette N, Gadhave K, Ahire A, Ahmed S, Cassano T, Gupta VB, Lahkar M. Insulin signaling: An opportunistic target to minify the risk of Alzheimer's disease. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017. [PMID: 28624654 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by accumulation of senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neurodegeneration. The diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for AD pathogenesis by impairment in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism in central as well as peripheral system. Insulin resistance, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism are leading to the Aβ (Aβ) aggregation, Tau phosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, protein misfolding, memory impairment and also mark over Aβ transport through central to peripheral and vice versa. Several pathways, like enzymatic degradation of Aβ, forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO) signaling, insulin signaling shared common pathological mechanism for both AD and DM. Recent evidence showed that hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia affect the onset and progression of AD differently. Some researchers have suggested that hyperglycemia influences vascular tone, while hyperinsulinemia may underlie mitochondrial deficit. The objective of this review is to determine whether existing evidence supports the concept that impairment in insulin signaling and glucose metabolism play an important role in pathogenesis of AD. In the first part of this review, we tried to explain the interconnecting link between AD and DM, whereas the second part includes more information on insulin resistance and its involvement in AD pathogenesis. In the final part of this review, we have focused more toward the AD treatment by targeting insulin signaling like anti-diabetic, antioxidant, nutraceuticals and dietary supplements. To date, more researches should be done in this field in order to explore the pathways in insulin signaling, which might ameliorate the treatment options and reduce the risk of AD due to DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohit Pardeshi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Nityanand Bolshette
- Institutional Level Biotech hub (IBT hub), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Kundlik Gadhave
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Ashutosh Ahire
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Sahabuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India
| | - Tommaso Cassano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Via Luigi Pinto, c/o Ospedali Riuniti, 71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Veer Bala Gupta
- Centre of Excellence for Alzheimer's Disease Research & Care, School of Medical Sciences, Edith-Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
| | - Mangala Lahkar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India; Institutional Level Biotech hub (IBT hub), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Gauhati Medical College, Guwahati 781032, Assam, India.
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Buie JJ, Renaud LL, Muise-Helmericks R, Oates JC. IFN-α Negatively Regulates the Expression of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase and Nitric Oxide Production: Implications for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 199:1979-1988. [PMID: 28779021 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a known risk factor for endothelial dysfunction. Murine and human lupus studies revealed a role for IFN-α in vascular abnormalities associated with impaired blood vessel dilation. However, the impact of IFN-α on mediators that induce vasodilation and modulate inflammation, including endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and NO bioavailability, are unknown. The objectives of this study were to determine how IFN-α promotes endothelial dysfunction in SLE, focusing on its regulation of eNOS and NO production in endothelial cells. We demonstrate that IFN-α promotes an endothelial dysfunction signature in HUVECs that is characterized by transcription suppression and mRNA instability of eNOS complemented by upregulation of MCP1 and VCAM1 These changes are associated with IFN-inducible gene expression. IFN-α impairs insulin-mediated NO production, and altered gene expression resulted from eNOS instability, possibly due to enhanced miR-155 expression. IFN-α significantly impaired NO production in insulin-stimulated HUVECs. IFN-α treatment also led to enhanced neutrophil adhesion. Our study introduces a novel pathway by which IFN-α serves as a proatherogenic mediator through repression of eNOS-dependent pathways. This could promote the development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Jones Buie
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Ludivine L Renaud
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Pathobiology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425
| | - Robin Muise-Helmericks
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; and
| | - Jim C Oates
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425; .,Medical Research Service, Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC 29401
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100
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da Silva Franco N, Lubaczeuski C, Guizoni DM, Victorio JA, Santos-Silva JC, Brum PC, Carneiro EM, Davel AP. Propranolol treatment lowers blood pressure, reduces vascular inflammatory markers and improves endothelial function in obese mice. Pharmacol Res 2017; 122:35-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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