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Drosatos IA, Tsoporis JN, Izhar S, Gupta S, Tsirebolos G, Sakadakis E, Triantafyllis AS, Rigopoulos A, Rigopoulos D, Rallidis LS, Rizos I, Parker TG. Differential Regulation of Circulating Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (sRAGEs) and Its Ligands S100A8/A9 Four Weeks Post an Exercise Intervention in a Cohort of Young Army Recruits. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1354. [PMID: 34572568 PMCID: PMC8469473 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Apart from its beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors, an anti-inflammatory effect of exercise is strongly implicated. Yet, data regarding the effect of an exercise intervention on healthy individuals are limited and contradictory. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a physical activity intervention on the soluble form of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGEs) and its ligands S100A8/A9. A total of 332 young army recruits volunteered and 169 completed the study. The participants underwent the standard basic training of Greek army recruits. IL-6, IL-1β, S100A8/A9, and sRAGEs were measured at the beginning and at the end of the training period. Primary rodent adult aortic smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were analyzed for responsiveness to direct stimulation with S100A8/A9 alone or in combination with sRAGEs. At the end of the training period, we observed a statistically significant reduction in S100A8/A9 (630.98 vs. 472.12 ng/mL, p = 0.001), IL-1β (9.39 [3.8, 44.14] vs. 5.03 [2.44, 27.3] vs. pg/mL, p = 0.001), and sRAGEs (398.38 vs. 220.1 pg/mL, p = 0.001). IL-6 values did not change significantly after exercise. S100A8/A9 reduction was positively correlated with body weight (r = 0.236 [0.095, 0.370], p = 0.002) and BMI (r = 0.221 [0.092, 0.346], p = 0.004). Direct stimulation of ASMCs with S100A8/A9 increased the expression of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α and, in the presence of sRAGEs, demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition. A 4-week military training resulted in significant reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and S100A8/A9 complex. The observed reduction in sRAGEs may possibly reflect diminished RAGE axis activation. Altogether, our findings support the anti-inflammatory properties of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis-Alexandros Drosatos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
- Department of Preventive Medicine, 414 Military Hospital, 15236 Athens, Greece;
| | - James N. Tsoporis
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (S.G.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Shehla Izhar
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (S.G.); (T.G.P.)
| | - Sahil Gupta
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (S.G.); (T.G.P.)
| | - George Tsirebolos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, 401 General Military Hospital of Athens, 11525 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Sakadakis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Andreas S. Triantafyllis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Angelos Rigopoulos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | | | - Loukianos S. Rallidis
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Ioannis Rizos
- Second Department of Cardiology, Attikon University Hospital, 12462 Athens, Greece; (I.-A.D.); (G.T.); (E.S.); (A.S.T.); (A.R.); (L.S.R.); (I.R.)
| | - Thomas G. Parker
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Unity Health Toronto, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada; (S.I.); (S.G.); (T.G.P.)
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Sollai G, Crnjar R. Age-Related Olfactory Decline Is Associated With Levels of Exercise and Non-exercise Physical Activities. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:695115. [PMID: 34504418 PMCID: PMC8423134 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.695115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This cross-sectional study evaluates the impact of active or non-active lifestyle in terms of physical, cognitive and social activity on the olfactory function in Elderly Subjects (ES) and aims at looking for a correlation between the time devoted to life activities and the score obtained during the olfactory tests by each individual. Methods: One hundred and twenty-two elderly volunteers were recruited in Sardinia (Italy) and divided into active ES (n = 60; 17 men, 43 women; age 67.8 ± 1.12 years) and inactive ES (n = 62; 21 men, 41 women, age 71.1 ± 1.14 years) based on their daily physical activities. The olfactory function was evaluated using the “Sniffin’s Sticks” battery test, while the assessment of daily activities was made by means of personal interviews. Results: A significant effect of active or inactive lifestyle was found on the olfactory function of ES (F(1,120) > 10.16; p < 0.005). A positive correlation was found between the olfactory scores and the number of hours per week dedicated to physical activities (Pearson’s r > 0.32, p ≤ 0.014) in both active and inactive ES. Conclusions: High levels of exercise and non-exercise physical activity are strongly associated with the olfactory function and, consequently, with the quality of life of the elderly. Given the limited physical exercise of elderly people, they can benefit from a more active lifestyle by increasing non-exercise physical activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Sollai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Crnjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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53
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Skarpsno ES, Nilsen TIL, Mork PJ. The effect of long-term poor sleep quality on risk of back-related disability and the modifying role of physical activity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:15386. [PMID: 34321561 PMCID: PMC8319142 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94845-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep problems and regular leisure time physical activity (LTPA) are interrelated and have contrasting effects on risk of back pain. However, no studies have investigated the influence of long-term poor sleep quality on risk of back-related disability, or if LTPA modifies this association. The study comprised data on 8601 people who participated in three consecutive surveys over ~ 22 years, and who reported no chronic back pain at the two first surveys. Adjusted risk ratios (RRs) for back-related disability were calculated at the last survey, associated with the joint effect of changes in sleep quality between the two first surveys and meeting physical activity guidelines at the second survey. Compared to people with long-term good sleep, people with long-term poor sleep had nearly twice the risk of back-related disability (RR 1.92, 95% CI 1.48-2.49). There was no statistical interaction between sleep and LTPA but people who reported long-term poor sleep and meeting the physical activity guidelines had 35% lower risk of back-related disability compared to people with same level of sleep problems, but who not met the guidelines. These findings suggest that long-term poor sleep quality contributes to a substantially increased risk of chronic and disabling back pain irrespective of LTPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway. .,Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway.,Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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March DS, Lai KB, Neal T, Graham-Brown MPM, Highton PJ, Churchward DR, Young HML, Dungey M, Stensel DJ, Smith AC, Bishop NC, Szeto CC, Burton JO. Circulating endotoxin and inflammation: associations with fitness, physical activity and the effect of a six-month programme of cycling exercise during haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 37:366-374. [PMID: 33983449 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intradialytic cycling (IDC) may provide cardiovascular benefit to individuals receiving haemodialysis, but the exact mechanism behind these improvements remains unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a six-month programme of IDC on circulating endotoxin (secondary analysis from the CYCLE-HD trial). Secondary aims were to investigate changes in circulating cytokines (IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, CRP and IL6/IL-10), and their associations with physical activity, fitness and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS Participants were randomised to either a six-month programme of IDC (thrice weekly, moderate intensity cycling at RPE 12-14) in addition to usual care (n = 46), or usual care only (control group; n = 46). Outcome measures were obtained at baseline and then again at six months. RESULTS There was no significant (P=0.137) difference in circulating endotoxin between groups at 6-months (IDC group: 0.34±0.08 EU/mL; control group: 0.37±0.07 EU/mL). There were no significant between group difference in any circulating cytokine following the 6-month programme of IDC. Higher levels of physical activity and fitness were associated with lower levels of endotoxin, IL-6, CRP, and IL-6/IL-10. CONCLUSIONS Our data show no change in circulating endotoxin or cytokines following a 6-month programme of IDC. However, higher levels of physical activity outside of haemodialysis were associated with lower levels of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S March
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Ka-Bik Lai
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tracy Neal
- Affinity Biomarker Labs, Translation & Innovation Hub, Imperial College White City Campus, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew P M Graham-Brown
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick J Highton
- Diabetes Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Darren R Churchward
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M L Young
- University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.,Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Maurice Dungey
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - David J Stensel
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Alice C Smith
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolette C Bishop
- NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
| | - Cheuk Chun Szeto
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - James O Burton
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom.,NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester, United Kingdom.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom.,School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
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Deschênes SS, Kivimaki M, Schmitz N. Adverse Childhood Experiences and the Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in Adulthood: Examining Potential Psychological, Biological, and Behavioral Mediators in the Whitehall II Cohort Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019013. [PMID: 33938232 PMCID: PMC8200717 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background This study investigated potential psycho‐bio‐behavioral mediators of the association between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) in adulthood. Methods and Results Participants were 5610 British civil servants (mean age, 55.5; 28% women) from the Whitehall II cohort study without CHD at baseline in 1997 to 1999 (wave 5) when retrospective data on the number of ACEs were collected via questionnaire (range, 0–8). Potential mediators assessed at wave 5 included depression and anxiety symptoms, health behaviors (smoking, alcohol dependence, sleep, and physical activity), and cardiometabolic dysregulations. New diagnoses of CHD (myocardial infarction, definite angina, coronary artery bypass grafting, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) were assessed from wave 6 (2001) to wave 11 (2012–2013). Logistic regressions examined associations between ACEs, potential mediators, and CHD during the follow‐up period. Natural indirect effects were examined using mediation analysis. A total of 566 (10.1%) participants developed CHD during the follow‐up period. ACEs were associated with an increased likelihood of CHD (odds ratio per ACE, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00–1.19). Controlling for age and sex, mediation analyses revealed an indirect effect of depression symptoms (natural indirect effects, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03–1.07), anxiety symptoms (natural indirect effects, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.10–1.15), and a greater number of cardiometabolic dysregulations (natural indirect effects, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.01–1.03) in the association between ACEs and incident CHD. Behavioral factors were not statistically significant mediators. Conclusions Depression symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and cardiometabolic dysregulations partially mediated the association between ACEs and CHD. Regular screening and treatment of symptoms of psychological disorders and cardiometabolic dysregulations may help mitigate the long‐term health burden of ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mika Kivimaki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London London United Kingdom
| | - Norbert Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry McGill University Montreal Canada.,Douglas Mental Health University Institute Montreal Canada.,Department of Population-Based Medicine Medical University Hospital TübingenUniversity of Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Trim A, Hankinson SE, Liu S, Shadyab AH, Meliker J, Bao W, Luo J, Liu B, Manson JE, Tinker L, Bigelow C, Reeves KW. Biomarkers of phthalates and inflammation: Findings from a subgroup of Women's Health Initiative participants. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2021; 234:113743. [PMID: 33813346 PMCID: PMC8096686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2021.113743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent experimental work has shown that phthalates may increase inflammation. Prior research has not examined the role of exposure to phthalates in relation to inflammatory status among postmenopausal women who are at higher risk of developing inflammation-related chronic disorders. OBJECTIVES We aimed to examine the associations of urinary phthalate biomarker concentrations with circulating levels of c-reactive protein [CRP] and interleukin-6 [IL-6] among 443 postmenopausal women selected into a breast cancer case-control study nested within the Women's Health Initiative (WHI). METHODS A total of 13 phthalate metabolites were measured in urine samples provided at WHI enrollment from 1993 to 1998. We also measured baseline levels of CRP and IL-6 in these women's serum or plasma samples. Multivariable linear models were used to investigate the role of each phthalate biomarker in relation to CRP and IL-6, adjusting for potential confounding factors and specifically evaluating the role of BMI. RESULTS In adjusted models we observed positive associations of monocarboxynonyl phthalate (MCNP) with CRP (β = 0.092; 95% CI 0.026, 0.158) and IL-6 (β = 0.108; 95% CI 0.013, 0.204). These positive associations were attenuated and non-significant, however, after further adjustment for body mass index (BMI). In contrast, we observed inverse associations of monoethyl phthalate (MEP) (β = -0.019; 95% CI -0.036, -0.001) and monobenzyl phthalate (MBzP) (β = -0.034; 95% CI -0.058, -0.010) with CRP levels only after adjustment for BMI. Other phthalate biomarkers examined were not significantly associated with either CRP or IL-6 levels. CONCLUSIONS Overall, these results do not suggest an important role for phthalates in promoting an inflammatory response. Future prospective studies are warranted to improve understanding of these associations, particularly in clarifying the role of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avery Trim
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Susan E Hankinson
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Simin Liu
- Center for Global Cardiometabolic Health, Departments of Epidemiology, Medicine and Surgery, Brown University, USA
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health; University of California San Diego School of Medicine; La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaymie Meliker
- Program in Public Health, Department of Family, Population, & Preventive Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - Juhua Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Buyun Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
| | - JoAnn E Manson
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School and the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Lesley Tinker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Cancer Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Carol Bigelow
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Katherine W Reeves
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA.
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Denegri A, Boriani G. High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) and its Implications in Cardiovascular Outcomes. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:263-275. [PMID: 32679014 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200717090334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and its fearsome complications represent the first cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the last two decades, several pieces of evidence have been accumulated, suggesting a central role of inflammation in atheroma development. High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is a well-established marker of cardiovascular (CV) disease; high levels of hsCRP have been associated with adverse CV outcome after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and, despite some controversy, an active role for hsCRP in initiation and development of the atherosclerotic plaque has been also proposed. Randomized clinical trials focusing on hsCRP have been crucial in elucidating the anti-inflammatory effects of statin therapy. Thus, hsCRP has been progressively considered a real CV risk factor likewise to low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), expanding the concept of residual CV inflammatory risk. Subsequent research has been designed to investigate potential new targets of atherothrombotic protection. Despite the fact that the clinical usefulness of hsCRP is widely recognized, hsCRP may not represent the ideal target of specific anti-inflammatory therapies. Clinical investigations, therefore, have also focused on other inflammatory mediators, restricting hsCRP to an indicator rather than a therapeutic target. The aim of the present review is to provide an illustrative overview of the current knowledge of atherosclerosis and inflammation, highlighting the most representative clinical studies of lipid-lowering and antiinflammatory therapies focused on hsCRP in CV diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Denegri
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Boriani
- Cardiology Division, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, Largo del Pozzo, 71, 41125, Modena, Italy
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Effects of Regular Physical Activity on the Immune System, Vaccination and Risk of Community-Acquired Infectious Disease in the General Population: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med 2021; 51:1673-1686. [PMID: 33877614 PMCID: PMC8056368 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01466-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Regular physical activity is the prime modality for the prevention of numerous non-communicable diseases and has also been advocated for resilience against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. However, there is currently no systematic and quantitative evidence synthesis of the association between physical activity and the strength of the immune system. Objective To examine the association between habitual physical activity and (1) the risk of community-acquired infectious disease, (2) laboratory‐assessed immune parameters, and (3) immune response to vaccination. Methods We conducted a systemic review and meta-analysis according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched seven databases (MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and SportDiscus) up to April 2020 for randomised controlled trials and prospective observational studies were included if they compared groups of adults with different levels of physical activity and reported immune system cell count, the concentration of antibody, risk of clinically diagnosed infections, risk of hospitalisation and mortality due to infectious disease. Studies involving elite athletes were excluded. The quality of the selected studies was critically examined following the Cochrane guidelines using ROB2 and ROBINS_E. Data were pooled using an inverse variance random-effects model. Results Higher level of habitual physical activity is associated with a 31% risk reduction (hazard ratio 0.69, 95% CI 0.61–0.78, 6 studies, N = 557,487 individuals) of community-acquired infectious disease and 37% risk reduction (hazard ratio 0.64, 95% CI 0.59–0.70, 4 studies, N = 422,813 individuals) of infectious disease mortality. Physical activity interventions resulted in increased CD4 cell counts (32 cells/µL, 95% CI 7–56 cells/µL, 24 studies, N = 1112 individuals) and salivary immunoglobulin IgA concentration (standardised mean difference 0.756, 95% CI 0.146–1.365, 7 studies, N = 435 individuals) and decreased neutrophil counts (704 cells/µL, 95% CI 68–1340, 6 studies, N = 704 individuals) compared to controls. Antibody concentration after vaccination is higher with an adjunct physical activity programme (standardised mean difference 0.142, 95% CI 0.021–0.262, 6 studies, N = 497 individuals). Conclusion Regular, moderate to vigorous physical activity is associated with reduced risk of community-acquired infectious diseases and infectious disease mortality, enhances the first line of defence of the immune system, and increases the potency of vaccination. Protocol registration The original protocol was prospectively registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020178825). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40279-021-01466-1.
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Senaratne N, Stubbs B, Werneck AO, Stamatakis E, Hamer M. Device-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to mental wellbeing: An analysis of the 1970 British cohort study. Prev Med 2021; 145:106434. [PMID: 33485998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Although physical activity and sedentary behaviour have established associations with mental illness, the extent to which they impact on mental wellbeing is not well understood. We examined associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), sitting time (ST) and mental wellbeing in 4526 participants from the 1970 British Cohort Study (UK) in the age 46 survey (2016-18). MVPA and ST were measured using a thigh mounted accelerometer device (activPAL 3 micro) worn continuously for 7 days and participants completed the 14-item Warwick-Edinburg Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) to assess mental wellbeing. In linear regression models MVPA (per hr) was associated with an additional 0.57 points on the WEMWBS (95% CI 0.03-1.12) regardless of gender, wear time, education, socioeconomic status, smoking, body mass index, disability and psychological distress. ST was not associated with WEMWBS in the adjusted models (B = -0.11, -0.23, 0.02). In MVPA stratified analyses, ST showed a linear trend with WEMBS in participants with low levels of MVPA but not in medium and high MVPA categories. In this large, nationally representative cohort, device-measured MVPA showed an association with higher mental wellbeing whilst ST was only associated with reduced mental wellbeing in participants with low levels of MVPA. Our main limitation was the cross-sectional design which precludes any inference of direction of association or causality. Nevertheless, interventions to promote MVPA may be an effective public health policy to promote mental wellbeing. Further investigation of the effect different sitting behaviours has on mental wellbeing is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipuna Senaratne
- The Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, Box SE5 8AF, United Kingdom; South London Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - André O Werneck
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Mark Hamer
- The Institute of Sport, Exercise & Health, Division of Surgery & Interventional Science, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Balogun SA, Aitken D, Wu F, Scott D, Jones G, Winzenberg T. Linear and non-linear associations between physical activity, body composition and multimorbidity over 10 years among community-dwelling older adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:2015-2020. [PMID: 33780541 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to describe the relationships between physical activity (PA), body composition and multimorbidity over 10 years. METHODS Participants (N=373; 49% women; average age 61.3±6.7 years) were followed for 10 years. Multimorbidity was defined by self-report as the presence of two or more of 12 listed chronic conditions. PA (steps-per-day) at baseline was assessed by pedometer, handgrip strength (HGS) by dynamometer and appendicular lean mass (ALM) and total body fat mass by dual x-ray absorptiometry . Relative HGS and ALM were calculated by dividing each body mass index (BMI). Regression cubic splines were used to assess evidence for a non-linear relationship. RESULTS After 10 years, 45% participants had multimorbidity. There was a non-linear relationship between PA and multimorbidity - PA was associated with lower multimorbidity risk among individuals who engaged in <10,000 steps-per-day (RR=0.91, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.97, per 1000 steps-per-day), but not among those who participated in ≥10,000 steps-per-day (RR=1.04, 95% CI: 0.93, 1.09, per 1000 steps-per-day). Higher BMI (RR=1.05, 95% CI: 1.02, 1.08, per kg/m 2) and fat mass (RR=1.03, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.04, per kg), and lower relative HGS (RR=0.85, 95% CI: 0.77, 0.94, per 0.1 psi/kg/m 2) and ALM (RR=0.93, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.98, per 0.1 kg/kg/m 2) were linearly associated with a higher risk of multimorbidity. Absolute HGS and ALM were not significantly associated with multimorbidity. DISCUSSION These findings highlight the potential clinical importance of maintaining adequate levels of PA and of reducing adiposity and maintaining muscle function for minimising the risk of multimorbidity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saliu A Balogun
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.,National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Dawn Aitken
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Feitong Wu
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - David Scott
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.,Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Victoria, Australia.,School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme Jones
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia
| | - Tania Winzenberg
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Australia.,Faculty of Health, University of Tasmania, Australia
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Salgado-Aranda R, Pérez-Castellano N, Núñez-Gil I, Orozco AJ, Torres-Esquivel N, Flores-Soler J, Chamaisse-Akari A, Mclnerney A, Vergara-Uzcategui C, Wang L, González-Ferrer JJ, Filgueiras-Rama D, Cañadas-Godoy V, Macaya-Miguel C, Pérez-Villacastín J. Influence of Baseline Physical Activity as a Modifying Factor on COVID-19 Mortality: A Single-Center, Retrospective Study. Infect Dis Ther 2021; 10:801-814. [PMID: 33715099 PMCID: PMC7955903 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-021-00418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection causes a severe respiratory disease with a 3% global mortality. In the absence of effective treatment, controlling of risk factors that predispose to severe disease is essential to reduce coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality. Large observational studies suggest that exercise can reduce the risk of all-cause and disease-specific mortality. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of the baseline physical activity level on COVID-19 mortality Methods This is a retrospective cohort study that included patients between 18 and 70 years old, diagnosed with COVID-19 and hospitalized in our center between February 15 and April 15, 2020. After discharge all the patients included in the study were contacted by telephone. Baseline physical activity level was estimated using the Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity Scale questionnaire and patients were divided into two groups for comparison: sedentary patients (group 1) and active patients (group 2). Results During the study period 552 patients were admitted to our hospital and met the inclusion criteria. Global mortality in group 1 was significantly higher than in group 2 (13.8% vs 1.8%; p < 0.001). Patients with a sedentary lifestyle had increased COVID-19 mortality independently of other risk factors previously described (hazard ratio 5.91 (1.80–19.41); p = 0.003). Conclusion A baseline sedentary lifestyle increases the mortality of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. This finding may be of great utility in the prevention of severe COVID-19 disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Salgado-Aranda
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Nicasio Pérez-Castellano
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación Interhospitalaria Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivan Núñez-Gil
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - A Josué Orozco
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Norberto Torres-Esquivel
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Flores-Soler
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ahmed Chamaisse-Akari
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Angela Mclnerney
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Vergara-Uzcategui
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lin Wang
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan J González-Ferrer
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - David Filgueiras-Rama
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victoria Cañadas-Godoy
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Macaya-Miguel
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación Interhospitalaria Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Pérez-Villacastín
- Instituto Cardiovascular, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación para la Investigación Interhospitalaria Cardiovascular, Madrid, Spain
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Edholm P, Veen J, Kadi F, Nilsson A. Muscle mass and aerobic capacity in older women: Impact of regular exercise at middle age. Exp Gerontol 2021; 147:111259. [PMID: 33516910 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of regular exercise habits at middle-age on muscle mass and function at old age remains inconclusive. While regular exercise likely represents a primary source of health-enhancing physical activity (PA), the physical demand of occupation needs to be considered. Additionally, PA level at old age should be taken into account in order to elucidate true associations between past exercise behaviors and muscle mass and function at old age. Therefore, the aim of the study was to examine the impact of regular exercise habits during middle age years on muscle mass and physical function at old age, while considering occupation and objectively assessed PA level at old age. METHODS Self-reported leisure-time PA during middle age years [35-65 years] and present accelerometer-derived PA level were assessed in a population of community-dwelling older women (65-70 years; n = 112). Participants who accumulated at least 600 MET-min of PA per week during middle age years were classified as physically active. Skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), aerobic fitness and maximal isometric arm and leg strength were determined. Analyses of differences in muscle mass and physical function between physically active and inactive at middle age were adjusted by present PA, adiposity level, and the physical demand of former occupation (sedentary vs manual). RESULTS Participants accumulating at least 600 MET-min of exercise-related activities during middle-age years had higher aerobic fitness (P < 0.01) and SMI (P < 0.05) at old age compared to their less active peers. Notably, these beneficial impacts were driven by exercise habits during late middle-age period [50 to 65 years], and remained significant after further adjustment by the physical demand of former occupation and present PA behavior at old age. Finally, middle-age engagement in exercise-related activities had no influence on maximal arm and leg isometric strength at old age. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the importance of engaging in regular PA of at least moderate intensity during middle age years in order to promote benefits at the level of muscle mass and aerobic fitness. This clearly supports the potential of PA in delaying aerobic capacity impairment and the occurrence of clinically manifest sarcopenia at old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Edholm
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Jort Veen
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Andreas Nilsson
- School of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Žarak M, Perović A, Njire Bratičević M, Šupraha Goreta S, Dumić J. Adaptive response triggered by the repeated SCUBA diving is reflected in cardiovascular, muscular, and immune biomarkers. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14691. [PMID: 33463896 PMCID: PMC7814492 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that one recreational SCUBA (rSCUBA) diving session is sufficient to cause changes in plasma level of cardiovascular (CV) and muscular biomarkers. To explore whether repetitive rSCUBA diving triggers an adaptive response of the CV, muscular, and immune system, we measured the cardiac damage (NT-proBNP, hs-TnI, and CK-MB), muscle damage (myoglobin (Mb), galectin-3, CK, and LDH), vascular endothelial activation (ET-1 and VEGF), and inflammatory (leukocyte count (Lkc), CRP, and IL-6) biomarkers. A longitudinal intervention study included divers (N = 14) who conducted one dive per week over 5 weeks at the depth of 20-30 m for 30 min after a non-dive period of 5 months. The blood samples were collected before and after the first, third, and fifth dives and specific biomarkers were measured in plasma or serum by the standard laboratory methods. The concentrations of the majority of measured biomarkers increased after every single dive; the exception was ET-1 concentration that decreased. The cumulative effect of five dives has been reflected in diminishing changes in hs-TnI, Mb, galectin-3, ET-1, VEGF, and IL-6 levels, and more pronounced increases in NT-proBNP and hs-CRP levels. The median values of all measured biomarkers in all time points, except Mb, remained within the corresponding reference range. Repeatedly performed rSCUBA diving activates an adaptive response of the CV, muscular, and immune system that is reflected in changes in the specific biomarker concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Žarak
- Clinical Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsDubrava University HospitalZagrebCroatia
| | - Antonija Perović
- Department of Laboratory DiagnosticsDubrovnik General HospitalDubrovnikCroatia
| | | | - Sandra Šupraha Goreta
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
| | - Jerka Dumić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and BiochemistryDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of ZagrebZagrebCroatia
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Saeidi A, Haghighi MM, Kolahdouzi S, Daraei A, Abderrahmane AB, Essop MF, Laher I, Hackney AC, Zouhal H. The effects of physical activity on adipokines in individuals with overweight/obesity across the lifespan: A narrative review. Obes Rev 2021; 22:e13090. [PMID: 32662238 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes current knowledge on the effects of physical activity (PA) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight and obesity. Approximately 90 investigations including randomized control, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies that reported on the effects of a single session of PA (acute) or long-term PA (chronic) on adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity were reviewed. The findings support the notion that there is consensus on the benefits of chronic exercise training-regardless of the mode (resistance vs. aerobic), intensity and cohort (healthy vs. diabetes)-on adipokine levels (such as tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6, adiponectin, visfatin, omentin-1 and leptin). However, several confounding factors (frequency, intensity, time and type of exercise) can alter the magnitude of the effects of an acute exercise session. Available evidence suggests that PA, as a part of routine lifestyle behaviour, improves obesity complications by modulating adipokine levels. However, additional research is needed to help identify the most effective interventions to elicit the most beneficial changes in adipokine levels in individuals with overweight/obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayoub Saeidi
- Department of Physical Education, Damghan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Damghan, Iran
| | - Marjan Mosalman Haghighi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Cardiology Centre, The University of Sydney, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sarkawt Kolahdouzi
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Ali Daraei
- Department of Biological Sciences in Sport, Faculty of Sports Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - M Faadiel Essop
- Centre for Cardio-metabolic Research in Africa (CARMA), Department of Physiological Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology and Therapeutics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Anthony C Hackney
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hassane Zouhal
- Movement, Sport and Health Sciences Laboratory (M2S), UFR-STAPS, University of Rennes 2-ENS Rennes, Rennes, France
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Seinsche J, Zijlstra W, Giannouli E. Motility in Frail Older Adults: Operationalization of a New Framework and First Insights into Its Relationship with Physical Activity and Life-Space Mobility: An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8814. [PMID: 33260952 PMCID: PMC7730834 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In order to design effective interventions to prevent age-related mobility loss, it is important to identify influencing factors. The concept of "motility" by Kaufmann et al. subdivides such factors into three categories: "access", "skills", and "appropriation". The aim of this study was to assemble appropriate quantitative assessment tools for the assessment of these factors in frail older adults and to get first insights into their relative contribution for life-space and physical activity-related mobility. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study conducted with twenty-eight at least prefrail, retired participants aged 61-94. Life-space mobility was assessed using the "University of Alabama at Birmingham Life-space Assessment" (LSA) and physical activity using the "German Physical Activity Questionnaire" (PAQ50+). Factors from the category "appropriation", followed by factors from the category "skills" showed the strongest associations with the LSA. Factors from the category "access" best explained the variance for PAQ50+. This study's findings indicate the importance of accounting for and examining comprehensive models of mobility. The proposed assessment tools need to be explored in more depth in longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes in order to yield more conclusive results about the appropriateness of the motility concept for such purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eleftheria Giannouli
- Institute of Movement & Sport Gerontology, German Sport University Cologne, 50933 Cologne, Germany; (J.S.); (W.Z.)
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Morris G, Puri BK, Olive L, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Gustad LT, Maes M. Endothelial dysfunction in neuroprogressive disorders-causes and suggested treatments. BMC Med 2020; 18:305. [PMID: 33070778 PMCID: PMC7570030 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-020-01749-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Potential routes whereby systemic inflammation, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may drive the development of endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, even in an environment of low cholesterol, are examined. MAIN TEXT Key molecular players involved in the regulation of endothelial cell function are described, including PECAM-1, VE-cadherin, VEGFRs, SFK, Rho GEF TRIO, RAC-1, ITAM, SHP-2, MAPK/ERK, STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3K/AKT, eNOS, nitric oxide, miRNAs, KLF-4 and KLF-2. The key roles of platelet activation, xanthene oxidase and myeloperoxidase in the genesis of endothelial cell dysfunction and activation are detailed. The following roles of circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of endothelial cell dysfunction are then described: paracrine signalling by circulating hydrogen peroxide, inhibition of eNOS and increased levels of mitochondrial ROS, including compromised mitochondrial dynamics, loss of calcium ion homeostasis and inactivation of SIRT-1-mediated signalling pathways. Next, loss of cellular redox homeostasis is considered, including further aspects of the roles of hydrogen peroxide signalling, the pathological consequences of elevated NF-κB, compromised S-nitrosylation and the development of hypernitrosylation and increased transcription of atherogenic miRNAs. These molecular aspects are then applied to neuroprogressive disorders by considering the following potential generators of endothelial dysfunction and activation in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: NF-κB; platelet activation; atherogenic miRs; myeloperoxidase; xanthene oxidase and uric acid; and inflammation, oxidative stress, nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Finally, on the basis of the above molecular mechanisms, details are given of potential treatment options for mitigating endothelial cell dysfunction and activation in neuroprogressive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Lisa Olive
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Andre Carvalho
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
- Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ken Walder
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Lise Tuset Gustad
- Department of Circulation and medical imaging, Norwegian University of Technology and Science (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger Hospital, Levanger, Norway
| | - Michael Maes
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Fuentes GC, Castañer O, Warnberg J, Subirana I, Buil-Cosiales P, Salas-Salvadó J, Corella D, Serra-Majem L, Romaguera D, Estruch R, Martínez JA, Pintó X, Vázquez C, Vidal J, Tur JA, Arós F, Bullo M, Fitó M, Schröder H. Prospective association of physical activity and inflammatory biomarkers in older adults from the PREDIMED-Plus study with overweight or obesity and metabolic syndrome. Clin Nutr 2020; 39:3092-3098. [PMID: 32063406 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2020.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Turoń-Skrzypińska A, Dutkiewicz G, Marchelek-Myśliwiec M, Rył A, Dziedziejko V, Safranow K, Ciechanowski K, Rotter I. Physical Activity versus Sclerostin and Interleukin 6 Concentration in Patients Receiving Renal Replacement Therapy by Hemodialysis. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2020; 13:1467-1475. [PMID: 32982505 PMCID: PMC7490095 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s255780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic kidney disease and renal replacement therapy are associated with reduced motor activity, which may result in the presence of mineral bone disorders and an increase in inflammation markers. The aim of the study was to assess the relationship between the performance of daily physical activity, expressed in the number of steps performed by patients undergoing hemodialysis and the concentration of selected biochemical parameters (SCL, IL-6). Patients and Methods The study group (B) involved 33 patients aged 59.8 ± 9.8 years from the dialysis station at the Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine PUM. In group B, interventions considering an increase in physical activity expressed in the number of steps were introduced. Group C consisted of 30 people aged 54.9 (9.37), with GFR over 60 mL/min/1.73m. Physical activity was measured with pedometers. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were assessed at baseline, after the third and sixth month of the study. Descriptive statistics, intergroup comparisons using Mann–Whitney U test and Spearman correlation analysis were performed. The level of significance was set at p≤0.005. Results A relationship between IL-6 concentration and the number of steps in group B after three months of intervention was demonstrated. In group C, the concentration of SCL and IL-6 decreased with the increase in the number of steps taken. Only in group C the waist circumference decreased with the increase of the number of steps performed. Conclusion Patients receiving renal replacement therapy by hemodialysis showed significantly lower physical activity compared to people without kidney disease. Performing bigger number of steps can lower interleukin 6 levels in hemodialysis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Turoń-Skrzypińska
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Grażyna Dutkiewicz
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Rył
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
| | - Violetta Dziedziejko
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Safranow
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
| | - Kazimierz Ciechanowski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 70-111, Poland
| | - Iwona Rotter
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation and Clinical Rehabilitation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin 71-210, Poland
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Namjoo I, Alavi Naeini A, Najafi M, Aghaye Ghazvini MR, Hasanzadeh A. The Relationship Between Antioxidants and Inflammation in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Basic Clin Neurosci 2020; 11:313-321. [PMID: 32963724 PMCID: PMC7502190 DOI: 10.32598/bcn.11.2.1489.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 09/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recent studies have identified Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as an inflammatory condition associated with immunological and oxidative responses. Therefore, it is necessary to examine these processes in these patients. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between the dietary intake of antioxidants, Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) activity, and the serum levels of inflammatory factors in ADHD students. Methods This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 64 ADHD children aged 6 - 13 years. The demographic questionnaire, Food Frequency Questionnaire, and Baecke Physical Activity Questionnaire were used for data collection. SOD activity and the serum level of inflammatory factors (homocysteine, interleukin-6, and C-reactive Protein (CRP)) were measured in all patients. According to the CRP values, 32 patients were included in the case group (CRP≥1 mg/L) and 32 patients in the control group (0≤CRP<1 mg/L). Results There was no significant difference between the two groups in age, sex, weight, height, and body mass index. In the case group, the mean SOD activity (P=0.034), the physical activity (P=0.04), zinc intake (P=0.02), and homocysteine levels were higher than the control group (P=0.001). Of all studied variables, the best predictors were homocysteine (OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 1.082-1.670, P=0.029) and physical activity (OR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.761-0.952, P=0.022) respectively, whereas other variables were not significant predictors. Conclusion The present study showed that the level of inflammatory factors in the case group was significantly higher than the control group. Homocysteine and physical activity can predict the inflammation status induced by CRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Namjoo
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirmansour Alavi Naeini
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mostafa Najafi
- Department of Psychiatry, Behavioral Sciences Research Center, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Akbar Hasanzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Jakszyn P, Cayssials V, Buckland G, Perez-Cornago A, Weiderpass E, Boeing H, Bergmann MM, Vulcan A, Ohlsson B, Masala G, Cross AJ, Riboli E, Ricceri F, Dahm CC, Nyvang D, Katzke VA, Kühn T, Kyrø C, Tjønneland A, Ward HA, Tsilidis KK, Skeie G, Sieri S, Sanchez MJ, Huerta JM, Amiano P, Lasheras C, Ardanaz E, Mahamat-Saleh Y, Boutron-Ruault MC, Carbonnel F, Panico S, Peppa E, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Tumino R, Vermeulen R, Jenab M, Gunter M, Agudo A. Inflammatory potential of the diet and risk of colorectal cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study. Int J Cancer 2020; 147:1027-1039. [PMID: 31945199 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proinflammatory diets are associated with risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC), however, inconsistencies exist in subsite- and sex-specific associations. The relationship between CRC and combined lifestyle-related factors that contribute toward a low-grade inflammatory profile has not yet been explored. We examined the association between the dietary inflammatory potential and an inflammatory profile and CRC risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. This cohort included 476,160 participants followed-up of 14 years and 5,991 incident CRC cases (3,897 colon and 2,094 rectal tumors). Dietary inflammatory potential was estimated using an Inflammatory Score of the Diet (ISD). An Inflammatory Profile Score (IPS) was constructed, incorporating the ISD, physical activity level and abdominal obesity. The associations between the ISD and CRC and IPS and CRC were assessed using multivariable regression models. More proinflammatory diets were related to a higher CRC risk, particularly for colon cancer; hazard ratio (HR) for highest versus lowest ISD quartile was 1.15 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04-1.27) for CRC, 1.24 (95% CI 1.09-1.41) for colon cancer and 0.99 (95% CI 0.83-1.17) for rectal cancer. Associations were more pronounced in men and not significant in women. The IPS was associated with CRC risk, particularly colon cancer among men; HRs for the highest versus lowest IPS was 1.62 (95% CI 1.31-2.01) for colon cancer overall and 2.11 (95% CI 1.50-2.97) for colon cancer in men. Our study shows that more proinflammatory diets and a more inflammatory profile are associated with higher risk of CRC, principally colon cancer and in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat Ciències Salut Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Valerie Cayssials
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics, Institute for Bioscience, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Genevieve Buckland
- Center for Academic Child Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Postdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Manuela M Bergmann
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Postdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Alexandra Vulcan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASL TO3, Grugliasco, Italy
| | | | - Dorthe Nyvang
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilie Kyrø
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Heather A Ward
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Instituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria-Jose Sanchez
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs. GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Huerta
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- CESP, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bicêtre University Hospital, Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Anna Karakatsani
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "Civic-M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Public Health, The University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Marc Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Magnusson Hanson LL, Rod NH, Vahtera J, Virtanen M, Ferrie J, Shipley M, Kivimäki M, Westerlund H. Job insecurity and risk of coronary heart disease: Mediation analyses of health behaviors, sleep problems, physiological and psychological factors. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 118:104706. [PMID: 32460194 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Job insecurity has been linked to increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), but underlying mechanisms remain uncertain. Our aim was to assess the extent to which this association is mediated through life style, physiological, or psychological factors. A total of 3917 men and women free from CHD provided data on job insecurity in the Whitehall II cohort study in 1997-1999. The association between job insecurity and CHD was decomposed into a direct and indirect effect mediated through unhealthy behaviors (smoking, high alcohol consumption, physical inactivity), sleep disturbances, 'allostatic load', or psychological distress. The counterfactual analyses on psychological distress indicated a marginally significant association between job insecurity and incident CHD (hazard ratio (HR) 1.32; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.00-1.75). This association was decomposed into a direct (HR 1.22, 95 %CI 0.92-1.63) and indirect association (1.08, 95 %CI 1.01-1.15), suggesting that about 30 % of the total relationship was mediated by psychological distress. No mediation was indicated via health behaviors, sleep disturbances, or allostatic load, although job insecurity was related to disturbed sleep and C-reactive protein, which, in turn were associated with CHD. In conclusion, our results suggest that psychological distress may play a role in the relation between job insecurity and CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Magnusson Hanson
- Research Division for Epidemiology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Naja H Rod
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku, and Population Research Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marianna Virtanen
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland; Division of Insurance Medicine, Department of Clinical Neurosicence, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jane Ferrie
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Shipley
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK; Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hugo Westerlund
- Research Division for Epidemiology, Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Van Alsten SC, Rabkin CS, Sawada N, Shimazu T, Charvat H, Yamaji T, Inoue M, Kemp TJ, Pinto LA, Camargo MC, Tsugane S, Song M. Metabolic Syndrome, Physical Activity, and Inflammation: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of 110 Circulating Biomarkers in Japanese Adults. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2020; 29:1639-1646. [PMID: 32467351 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-1513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a systemic inflammatory state. Low physical activity (PA) could modify this patho-physiology or act as an independent contributor to inflammation. Previous studies of both conditions have identified altered levels of inflammation- and immune-related proteins based on limited sets of candidate markers. METHODS We investigated associations of MetS and low PA with circulating inflammation markers in a stratified random sample of Japanese adults (N = 774, mean age 60.7 years) within the Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (JPHC) Cohort II. AHA/NHLBI criteria were used to define MetS (19%) and the bottom quartile of PA was considered low. 110 circulating biomarkers, including cytokines, chemokines, and soluble receptors were measured by multiplex bead-based and proximity-extension assays. Associations of MetS and low PA with marker quantiles were adjusted for each other and for age, sex, study site, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and blood sample fasting state by ordinal logistic regression. P values were corrected for FDR. RESULTS MetS was significantly associated with levels of six markers: IL18R1 [odds ratio 2.37; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.45-3.87], CRP (2.07; 95% CI, 1.48-2.90), SAP (2.08; 95% CI, 1.47-2.95), CCL19/MIP3β (2.06; 95% CI, 1.48-2.88), CXCL12/SDF1α+β (0.48; 95% CI, 0.32-0.65), and CCL28 (0.44; 95% CI, 0.27-0.71). Low PA had no significant marker associations. CONCLUSIONS Positively associated markers with MetS are mostly Th1 immune response-related and acute phase proteins, whereas negatively associated markers are generally Th2-related. IMPACT MetS is associated with a broad range of alterations in immune and inflammatory biomarkers that may contribute to risks of various chronic diseases, independent of low PA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Charles S Rabkin
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Norie Sawada
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taichi Shimazu
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hadrien Charvat
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taiki Yamaji
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Manami Inoue
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Troy J Kemp
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - Ligia A Pinto
- HPV Immunology Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland
| | - M Constanza Camargo
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Epidemiology and Prevention Group, Center for Public Health Sciences, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minkyo Song
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
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Changes in Emotional Vitality as a Predictor of Levels and Change in Allostatic Load: Longitudinal Results From the Whitehall II Cohort Study. Psychosom Med 2020; 82:432-439. [PMID: 32108741 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000000791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence has shown an association between reduced psychological well-being and long-term morbidity. However, longitudinal studies addressing potential biobehavioral mechanisms, such as physiological function, are lacking. The aim of this study is to examine the association between changes in emotional vitality on levels and changes in allostatic load (AL), a measure of multisystem physiological dysregulation, as well as its composite risk markers. METHODS Participants comprised 5919 British civil servants from phases 3, 5, and 7 of the Whitehall II study. Psychological well-being was operationalized as emotional vitality. AL was measured using nine biomarkers of the cardiovascular, metabolic, and immune system. Linear mixed-effect models were used to determine the association between changes in emotional vitality between phases 3 and 5 and subsequent levels and change in AL from phases 5 to 7. Generalized linear models were used to address the association between changes in emotional vitality and individual risk markers. RESULTS Increase in emotional vitality was associated with a lower mean level of AL, whereas the AL slope was not markedly affected. Among the included risk markers, only interleukin-6 was weakly associated with changes in emotional vitality, with a 7% reduced risk of high levels of interleukin-6 per one-unit increase in emotional vitality. CONCLUSION This study found that an increase in emotional vitality was associated with subsequent lower levels, but not rate of change, of AL over time. Further research is needed to address the relationship between trajectories of psychological well-being and physiological dysregulation.
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74
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Wadley AJ, Cullen T, Vautrinot J, Keane G, Bishop NC, Coles SJ. High intensity interval exercise increases the frequency of peripheral PD-1+ CD8 + central memory T-cells and soluble PD-L1 in humans. Brain Behav Immun Health 2020; 3:100049. [PMID: 32309817 PMCID: PMC7153770 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2020.100049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise can exert anti-inflammatory effects in an intensity-dependent manner; however, the mechanisms mediating these effects are continually being established. Programme Death Receptor-1 (PD-1) is a membrane bound receptor that maintains immune tolerance by dampening immune cell interactions, such as those mediated by cytotoxic T-cell lymphocytes (CD8+). The aim of this study was to characterise sub-populations of CD8+ T-cells with regards to their expression of PD-1 before and immediately after exercise. Interleukin (IL)-6, soluble PD-1 (sPD-1) and its ligand (sPD-L1) were also quantified in plasma. Eight individuals (mean ± SD: age 29 ± 5 years; BMI 24.2 ± 3.4 kg m2; V˙O2max 44.5 ± 6.4 ml kg−1·min−1) undertook two time and energy-matched cycling bouts in a counterbalanced study design: one of moderate intensity (MOD) and a bout of high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Both MOD and HIIE increased the number, but not the proportion of circulating CD8+ PD-1+ cells, with no differences between trials. Within the CD8+ PD-1+ pool, the expression of PD-1 increased on central memory cells following HIIE only (fold change: MOD 1.0 vs HIIE +1.4), as well the concentration of CD8+PD-1+ memory cells within the circulation (cells/uL: MOD -0.4 vs HIIE +5.8). This response composed a very small part of the exercise-induced CD8+ lymphocytosis (Pre-Ex: 0.38% to Post-Ex: 0.69%; p > 0.05). sPD-L1 and IL-6 concentration increased in tandem following MOD and HIIE (r = 0.57; P = 0.021), with a reciprocal decline in sPD-1 observed. The current data demonstrate that PD-1+ CD8+ lymphocytes were mobilised following both MOD and HIIE. Both the number of central memory CD8+ T-cells expressing PD-1 and the expression level on these cells were increased following HIIE only. This intensity-dependent phenotypic response, in conjunction with increased circulatory sPD-L1 may represent an aspect of the anti-inflammatory response to exercise and warrants further investigation. PD-1 is a membrane-bound T-cell receptor that regulates immune tolerance. We explored phenotypic changes in PD-1+ T-cells after exercise. Circulating PD-1+ CD8+ T-cells increased after moderate and high intensity interval exercise (HIIE). Central memory CD8+ T-cell number and expression increased after HIIE only. Post-exercise levels of soluble PD-1 Ligand increased and correlated with IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex J Wadley
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tom Cullen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, CV15FB, UK
| | - Jordan Vautrinot
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Gary Keane
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, WR2 6AJ, UK
| | - Nicolette C Bishop
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Epinal Way, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Infirmary Square, Leicester, LE1 5WW, UK
| | - Steven J Coles
- Institute of Science and the Environment, University of Worcester, Worcestershire, WR2 6AJ, UK
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Yerramalla MS, Fayosse A, Dugravot A, Tabak AG, Kivimäki M, Singh-Manoux A, Sabia S. Association of moderate and vigorous physical activity with incidence of type 2 diabetes and subsequent mortality: 27 year follow-up of the Whitehall II study. Diabetologia 2020; 63:537-548. [PMID: 31792574 PMCID: PMC6997261 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-019-05050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This work examined the role of physical activity in the course of diabetes using data spanning nearly three decades. Our first aim was to examine the long-term association of moderate and vigorous physical activity with incidence of type 2 diabetes. Our second aim was to investigate the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity post-diabetes diagnosis with subsequent risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. METHODS A total of 9987 participants from the Whitehall II cohort study free of type 2 diabetes at baseline (1985-1988) were followed for incidence of type 2 diabetes, based on clinical assessments between 1985 and 2016 and linkage to electronic health records up to 31 March 2017. We first examined the association of moderate and vigorous physical activity measured by questionnaire in 1985-1988 (mean age 44.9 [SD 6.0] years; women, 32.7%) with incident type 2 diabetes, using the interval-censored, illness-death model, a competing risk analysis that takes into account both competing risk of death and intermittent ascertainment of diabetes due to reliance on data collection cycles (interval-censored). The second analysis was based on individuals with type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period where we used Cox regression with inverse probability weighting to examine the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity after diagnosis of type 2 diabetes with risk of all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. RESULTS Of the 9987 participants, 1553 developed type 2 diabetes during a mean follow-up of 27.1 (SD 6.3) years. Compared with participants who were inactive in 1985-1988, those who undertook any duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had a lower risk of type 2 diabetes (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.75, 0.97], p = 0.02; analysis adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural and health-related factors). In 1026 participants with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes over the follow-up period, data on moderate-to-vigorous physical activity after diabetes diagnosis were available; 165 all-cause deaths and 55 cardiovascular disease-related deaths were recorded during a mean follow-up of 8.8 (SD 6.1) years. In these participants with diabetes, any duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.61 [95% CI 0.41, 0.93], p = 0.02) while the association with cardiovascular mortality was evident only for physical activity undertaken at or above recommendations (≥2.5 h per week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity or ≥1.25 h per week of vigorous physical activity; HR 0.40 [95% CI 0.16, 0.96], p = 0.04) in fully adjusted models. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity plays an important role in diabetes, influencing both its incidence and prognosis. A protective effect on incidence was seen for durations of activity below recommendations and a marginal additional benefit was observed at higher durations. Among individuals with type 2 diabetes, any duration of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was associated with reduced all-cause mortality while recommended durations of physical activity were required for protection against cardiovascular disease-related mortality. DATA AVAILABILITY Whitehall II data, protocols and other metadata are available to the scientific community. Please refer to the Whitehall II data sharing policy at https://www.ucl.ac.uk/epidemiology-health-care/research/epidemiology-and-public-health/research/whitehall-ii/data-sharing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manasa S Yerramalla
- Inserm U1153, CRESS, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Fayosse
- Inserm U1153, CRESS, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Aline Dugravot
- Inserm U1153, CRESS, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Adam G Tabak
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
- 1st Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Inserm U1153, CRESS, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Séverine Sabia
- Inserm U1153, CRESS, Epidemiology of Ageing and Neurodegenerative Diseases, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France.
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.
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McIntyre KM, Puterman E, Scodes JM, Choo TH, Choi CJ, Pavlicova M, Sloan RP. The effects of aerobic training on subclinical negative affect: A randomized controlled trial. Health Psychol 2020; 39:255-264. [PMID: 31916828 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The antidepressant and anxiolytic effects of aerobic exercise are well known, but less is known about its effects on subclinical levels of trait negative affect in healthy but sedentary adults. In the present study, we test the effects of a 3-month randomized controlled trial of aerobic exercise training in young to midlife adults on trait measures of depression, anxiety, hostility, and anger. METHOD One-hundred and 19 men (n = 56) and women (n = 63) aged 20-45 were randomized to 1 of 2 conditions: (a) 12 weeks of aerobic exercise after which they were asked to halt exercising and decondition for 4 weeks, or (b) a 16-week waitlist control group. Assessments of depression, anxiety, hostility and anger were completed at study entry, Week 12 and Week 16. RESULTS At study entry, participants scored low on measures of depression, anxiety, hostility and anger. Analyses among the intent-to-treat and per protocol samples found significant treatment effects of aerobic training for hostility and depression, but not for anxiety and anger. Within-group analyses demonstrated that depression and hostility scores decreased in the exercise group over the course of the intervention, while remaining stable in the control group. These effects persisted for the exercise group at nonsignificant levels after 4 weeks of deconditioning. CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise training has significant psychological effects even in sedentary yet euthymic adults, adding experimental data on the known benefits of exercise in this population. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M McIntyre
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Eli Puterman
- School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia
| | | | - Tse-Hwei Choo
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - C Jean Choi
- Mental Health Data Science, New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Martina Pavlicova
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
| | - Richard P Sloan
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center
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Chen M, Huang C, Feng W, Li Y, Wu Y. C-reactive protein mediates the association between leisure-time physical activity and lung function in middle-aged and older adults. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:6. [PMID: 31906909 PMCID: PMC6945486 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-8028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although previous studies have reported the benefits of physical activity (PA) to lung function in middle-aged and older adults, the biological mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to assess the extent to which C-reactive protein (CRP) mediates the association between leisure-time PA and lung function. Methods A population-based sample was recruited from English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), Wave 6 (2012–2013). PA was self-reported by questionnaires. CRP was analyzed from peripheral blood. Lung function parameters including forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured by using a spirometer. Baron and Kenny’s causal steps method and multiple linear regression models based on the Karlson/Holm/Bree (KHB) method were used to assess the mediating effect. Results Among 6875 participants, 28.4% were classified into low PA, 49.8% into moderate PA, and 21.8% into high PA. Multiple linear regression models suggested that higher PA was associated with lower levels of CRP (β = − 0.048, P = 0.002 for moderate PA; β = − 0.108, P < 0.001 for high PA). CRP negatively correlated with FEV1 (β = − 0.180, P < 0.001) and FVC (β = − 0.181, P < 0.001). Higher levels of PA were associated with better FEV1 (β = 0.085, P < 0.001 for moderate PA; β = 0.150, P < 0.001 for high PA) and FVC (β = 0.131, P < 0.001 for moderate PA; β = 0.211, P < 0.001 for high PA). After introducing the CRP into the models, regression coefficients of PA with FEV1 (β = 0.077, P < 0.001 for moderated PA; β = 0.130, P < 0.001 for high PA) and FVC (β = 0.123, P < 0.001 for moderated PA; β = 0.188, P < 0.001 for high PA) decreased. The indirect effect of high PA on lung function via CRP was significant, with 9.42–12.99% of the total effect being mediated. Conclusions The association between PA and lung function is mediated by CRP, suggesting that this association may be partially explained by an inflammation-related biological mechanism. This finding highlights the possible importance of PA in systemic inflammation and lung function, thus, middle-aged and older adults should be encouraged to enhance PA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Deng Zhou Street, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Chuanying Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Deng Zhou Street, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjing Feng
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59 Haier Road, Qingdao, 266100, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Deng Zhou Street, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, No. 38 Deng Zhou Street, Qingdao, 266021, Shandong, China.
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78
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Queiroz CO, Pitanga F, Lotufo PA, Molina MDCB, de Aquino EML, Almeida MCC. Amount of physical activity necessary for a normal level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in ELSA-Brasil: a cross-sectional study. SAO PAULO MED J 2020; 138:19-26. [PMID: 32321101 PMCID: PMC9673848 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2019.0301.r2.20102019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that physical activity levels can be inversely associated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels. However, the amount of physical activity required to maintain normal hs-CRP levels is still a matter for speculation. OBJECTIVE To identify the amount of physical activity necessary to discriminate the hs-CRP levels in adults. DESIGN AND SETTING Cross-sectional study at six teaching and research institutions. METHODS The study sample comprised 10,231 adults aged 35 to 74 years who were participants in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to compare the amount of physical activity in two domains (leisure time and commuting) with hs-CRP levels. The sensitivity and specificity were calculated to identify the best cutoff for physical activity level that would be needed to maintain normal levels of hs-CRP (< 3 mg/l). RESULTS The area under the ROC curve was only statistically significant for discriminating normal levels of hs-CRP according to the amount of physical activity when the two study domains were added together. The accumulated physical activity level of 200 minutes/week was the best cutoff for discriminating normal levels of hs-CRP in adults of both sex. CONCLUSIONS Physical activity in the leisure-time and commuting domains together, of duration 200 minutes/week, was associated with normal hs-CRP values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Oliveira Queiroz
- MSc. Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (EBMSP), Salvador (BA), Brazil. Postgraduate Student, Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology in Health and Investigative Medicine, Centro de Pesquisa Gonçalo Muniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador (BA), Brazil.
| | - Francisco Pitanga
- PhD. Associate Professor, Department of Physical Education, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil.
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Clinical and Epidemiological Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo (SP), Brazil.
| | - Maria Del Carmen Bisi Molina
- PhD. Associate Professor, Public Health Program, Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Vitória (ES), Brazil.
| | - Estela Maria Leão de Aquino
- MD, PhD. Full Professor, Institute of Collective Health, Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Salvador (BA), Brazil.
| | - Maria Conceição Chagas Almeida
- PhD. Public Health Researcher, Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz (CPqGM), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Salvador (BA), Brazil.
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79
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Palta P, Heiss G, Sharrett AR, Gabriel KP, Walker K, Evenson KR, Knopman D, Mosley TH, Wong DF, Gottesman RF. Mid- and Late-Life Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Global Brain Amyloid Burden: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)-PET Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 76:139-147. [PMID: 32444546 PMCID: PMC8011955 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) may slow the development of dementia by reducing the accumulation of amyloid. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that higher levels of leisure-time PA in mid- or late-life were associated with lower brain amyloid burden in late-life among 326 non-demented participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study of brain florbetapir positron emission tomography (ARIC-PET) ancillary. METHODS Self-reported PA was quantified using a past-year recall, interviewer-administered questionnaire in mid-life (1987-1989, aged 45-64 years) and late-life (2011-2013, aged 67-89 years). Continuous PA estimates were classified as 1) any leisure-time PA participation (yes/no); 2) meeting the 2018 United States' PA guidelines (yes/no); and 3) per 1 standard deviation (SD) higher metabolic equivalent of task (MET) minutes per week (MET·min·wk-1). A brain magnetic resonance imaging scan with Florbetapir PET was performed in late-life. Adjusted odds ratios (OR) of elevated amyloid burden, defined as a global cortical standardized uptake value ratio (>1.2), compared to no elevated amyloid burden were estimated according to PA measures. RESULTS Among the 326 participants (mean age: 76 years, 42% male, 41% Black), 52% had elevated brain amyloid burden. Mid-life leisure-time PA did not show a statistically significant lower odds of elevated late-life amyloid burden (OR = 0.71, 95% CI: 0.43-1.18). A 1 SD (970 MET. min. wk-1) higher PA level in mid-life was also not significantly associated withelevated amyloid burden (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.69-1.15). Similar estimates were observed for meeting versus not meeting PA guidelines in both mid- and late-life. CONCLUSION Self-reported higher mid- and late-life leisure-time PA were not significantly associated with lower amyloid burden. Data show a trend of an association, which is, however, imprecise, suggesting replication in larger studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Palta
- Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerardo Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A. Richey Sharrett
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelley Pettee Gabriel
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Keenan Walker
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kelly R. Evenson
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - David Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Thomas H. Mosley
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Dean F. Wong
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Environmental Health and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Washington University in St. Louis, School of Medicine, Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca F. Gottesman
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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80
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Tijardović M, Marijančević D, Bok D, Kifer D, Lauc G, Gornik O, Keser T. Intense Physical Exercise Induces an Anti-inflammatory Change in IgG N-Glycosylation Profile. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1522. [PMID: 31920720 PMCID: PMC6933519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise is known to improve many aspects of human health, including modulation of the immune system and inflammatory status. It is generally understood that exercise reduces inflammation, but there are missing links in terms of understanding the mechanisms as well as the differences between exercise modalities. N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total plasma proteins was previously shown to reflect changes in inflammatory pathways, which could provide valuable information to further clarify exercise effects. In order to further expand the understanding of the relationship between physical activity and inflammation, we examined the effect of intense exercise, in the form of repeated sprint training (RST), on IgG and total plasma proteins N-glycosylation in combination with traditionally used inflammation markers: C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and leukocyte count. Twenty-nine male physical education students were separated into treatment (RST, N = 15) and control (N = 14) groups. The RST group completed a 6-week exercise protocol while the control group was instructed to refrain from organized physical activity for the duration of the study. Three blood samples were taken at different time points: prior to start of the training program, the final week of the exercise intervention (EXC), and at the end of the 4-week recovery period (REC). Following the end of the recovery period IgG N-glycosylation profiles showed anti-inflammatory changes in RST group compared to the control group, which manifested as a decrease in agalactosylated (p = 0.0473) and an increase in digalactosylated (p = 0.0473), and monosialylated (p = 0.0339) N-glycans. Plasma protein N-glycans didn’t change significantly, while traditional inflammatory markers also didn’t show significant change in inflammatory status. Observed results demonstrate the potential of intense physical exercise to reduce levels of systemic basal inflammation as well as the potential for IgG N-glycosylation to serve as a sensitive longitudinal systemic inflammation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marko Tijardović
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Marijančević
- Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Centre Sestre Milosrdnice, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Daniel Bok
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Domagoj Kifer
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordan Lauc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Genos Glycoscience Research Laboratory, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Olga Gornik
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Toma Keser
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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81
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Rao P, Shipon D. Exercise Recommendations for the Athlete With Coronary Artery Disease. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE 2019; 21:82. [PMID: 31820188 DOI: 10.1007/s11936-019-0795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW We provide a framework for formulating exercise prescriptions for those with CAD in order to achieve the "optimal" dose of exercise for each individual. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple epidemiological studies demonstrate that exercise is inversely associated with atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), yet the risk of an acute coronary event is transiently elevated during vigorous exercise. In turn, CAD is the most common cause of exercise-related sudden cardiac death (SCD) in older athletes. When prescribing exercise recommendations for athletes with CAD, we should maintain equipoise between the benefits derived from sports participation and the risk of an adverse cardiac event. Athletes are not immune from atherosclerotic CAD, and we should perform risk assessments regardless of physical and athletic prowess. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing may be a useful tool to develop individualized exercise regimens for athletes with CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Rao
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Shipon
- Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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82
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Shih IF, Haan MN, Paul KC, Yu Y, Sinsheimer JS, Ritz B. The Roles of Physical Activity and Inflammation in Mortality, Cognition, and Depressive Symptoms Among Older Mexican Americans. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1944-1952. [PMID: 31497846 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher level of physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased risk of mortality, dementia, and depression, yet the mechanisms involved are not well understood, and little evidence exists for Mexican Americans. With data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (1998-2007), we used Cox proportional hazards regression to separately evaluate associations of baseline PA level with mortality, dementia/cognitive impairment without dementia (CIND), and depressive symptoms, and we estimated the mediating effects of inflammatory markers in additive hazard models. A low level of PA (<35 metabolic equivalent of task-hours/week) was associated with increased mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.20, 1.88), dementia/CIND (HR = 1.37, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.96), and depressive symptoms (HR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.52). A low PA level added 512 (95% CI: -34, 1,058) cases of dementia/CIND per 100,000 person-years at risk (direct effect), while, through a mediating path, interleukin 6 (IL-6) added another 49 (95% CI: 5, 94) cases, or 9% of the total effect. For mortality, 8%-10% of the PA total effect was mediated through IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), or TNF-α receptors. None of the inflammatory markers mediated the association between PA and depressive symptoms. Our results suggest that antiinflammation (especially as assessed by IL-6 and TNF-α levels) may partly explain how PA protects against dementia/CIND and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Fan Shih
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mary N Haan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Kimberly C Paul
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Janet S Sinsheimer
- Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Departments of Human Genetics and Biomathematics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Beate Ritz
- Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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83
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Lin E, Kuo PH, Liu YL, Yang AC, Tsai SJ. Association and Interaction Effects of Interleukin-12 Related Genes and Physical Activity on Cognitive Aging in Old Adults in the Taiwanese Population. Front Neurol 2019; 10:1065. [PMID: 31649612 PMCID: PMC6795278 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.01065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that the neuro-inflammation mechanisms associated with interleukin-12 (IL-12) may be linked to Alzheimer's diseases and cognitive aging. In this study, we speculate that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-12-associated genes, such as IL12A, IL12B, IL12RB1, and IL12RB2 genes, could be associated with cognitive aging individually and/or via complicated interactions in the elder Taiwanese population. There were totally 3,730 Taiwanese individuals with age ≥60 years from the Taiwan Biobank. Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) was analyzed for all participants. We employed MMSE scores to assess cognitive functions. Our analysis revealed that the IL12A gene (including rs116910715, rs78902931, and rs78569420), the IL12B gene (including rs730691), and the IL12RB2 gene (including rs3790558, rs4655538, rs75699623, and rs1874396) were associated with cognitive aging. Among these SNPs, the association with the IL12RB2 rs3790558 SNP remained significant after performing Bonferroni correction (P = 6.87 × 10−4). Additionally, we found that interactions between the IL12A and IL12RB2 genes influenced cognitive aging (P = 0.022). Finally, we pinpointed the effects of interactions between IL12A, IL12B, and IL12RB2 with physical activity (P < 0.001, = 0.002, and < 0.001, respectively). Our study suggests that the IL-12-associated genes may contribute to susceptibility to cognitive aging independently as well as through gene-gene and gene-physical activity interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Lin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiu Kuo
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Liu
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Albert C Yang
- Division of Interdisciplinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jen Tsai
- Department of Psychiatry, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Psychiatry, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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84
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Mury P, Chirico EN, Mura M, Millon A, Canet-Soulas E, Pialoux V. Oxidative Stress and Inflammation, Key Targets of Atherosclerotic Plaque Progression and Vulnerability: Potential Impact of Physical Activity. Sports Med 2019; 48:2725-2741. [PMID: 30302720 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-018-0996-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis, a complex cardiovascular disease, is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Oxidative stress and inflammation are both involved in the development of atherosclerotic plaque as they increase the biological processes associated with this pathology, such as endothelial dysfunction and macrophage recruitment and adhesion. Atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to major ischemic events is the result of vulnerable plaque progression, which is a result of the detrimental effect of oxidative stress and inflammation on risk factors for atherosclerotic plaque rupture, such as intraplaque hemorrhage, neovascularization, and fibrous cap thickness. Thus, both are key targets for primary and secondary interventions. It is well recognized that chronic physical activity attenuates oxidative stress in healthy subjects via the improvement of antioxidant enzyme capacities and inflammation via the enhancement of anti-inflammatory molecules. Moreover, it was recently shown that chronic physical activity could decrease oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerotic patients. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in atherosclerosis and the results of therapeutic interventions targeting them in both preclinical and clinical studies. The effects of chronic physical activity on these two key processes are then reviewed in vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques in both coronary and carotid arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Mury
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Erica N Chirico
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Mathilde Mura
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France.,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Antoine Millon
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuelle Canet-Soulas
- University of Lyon, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CarMeN Laboratory, INSERM U1060, Bron, France
| | - Vincent Pialoux
- Team Vascular Biology and Red Blood Cell, Interuniversity Laboratory of Human Movement Biology, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, University of Lyon, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Est, 8 Avenue Rockefeller, 69008, Lyon, France. .,Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France. .,Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France.
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85
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Kandola A, Ashdown-Franks G, Hendrikse J, Sabiston CM, Stubbs B. Physical activity and depression: Towards understanding the antidepressant mechanisms of physical activity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:525-539. [PMID: 31586447 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 466] [Impact Index Per Article: 93.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity can treat and prevent depressive symptoms, but its antidepressant mechanisms are yet to be established. In this review, we comprehensively assess key biological and psychosocial mechanisms through which physical activity exerts antidepressant effects, with a particular focus on exercise. Exercise, a subset of physical activity, influences a range of biological and psychosocial processes also implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. We focus on the capacity for exercise to elicit changes in neuroplasticity, inflammation, oxidative stress, the endocrine system, self-esteem, social support and self-efficacy. We also discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms can inform the way we design and implement exercise-based interventions to maximise their antidepressant effects on an individual basis. We conclude by presenting a conceptual framework of the key biological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying the relationship between physical activity and depressive symptoms, and the moderators and confounders that may influence it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Kandola
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Garcia Ashdown-Franks
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Exercise Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joshua Hendrikse
- Brain, Mind and Society Research Hub, School of Psychological Sciences and Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Brendon Stubbs
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley National Health Services Foundation Trust, London, UK
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86
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Fuertes E, Carsin AE, Garcia-Larsen V, Guerra S, Pin I, Leynaert B, Accordini S, Martinez-Moratalla J, Antó JM, Urrutia I, Le Gouellec A, Heinrich J, Gislason T, Jõgi R, Janson C, Jarvis D, Garcia-Aymerich J. The role of C-reactive protein levels on the association of physical activity with lung function in adults. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222578. [PMID: 31545813 PMCID: PMC6756522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Regular physical activity may be associated with improved lung function via reduced systemic inflammation, although studies exploring this mechanism are rare. We evaluated the role of C-reactive protein in blood, which is a common marker of systemic inflammation, on the association of physical activity with forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity. Methods Cross-sectional data on spirometry, C-reactive protein levels and self-reported physical activity (yes/no; ≥2 times and ≥1hr per week of vigorous physical activity) were available in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (N = 2347 adults, 49.3% male, 28–56 years-old). A subsample was also assessed 10 years later using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and tertiles of Metabolic Equivalent of Task—minutes per week spent in vigorous, moderate and walking activities were calculated (N = 671, 49.6% male, 40–67 years-old). Adjusted cross-sectional mixed linear regression models and the “mediate” package in “R” were used to assess the presence of mediation. Results Despite positive significant associations between nearly all physical activity metrics with forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity, there was no evidence that C-reactive protein levels played a role. An influence of C-reactive protein levels was only apparent in the smaller subsample when comparing the medium to low tertiles of moderate activity (mean difference [95% CIs]: 21.1ml [5.2, 41.9] for forced expiratory volume in one second and 17.3ml [2.6, 38.0] for forced vital capacity). Conclusions In a population of adults, we found no consistent evidence that the association of physical activity with forced expiratory volume in one second or forced vital capacity is influenced by the level of C-reactive protein in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Fuertes
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne-Elie Carsin
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vanessa Garcia-Larsen
- Program in Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, United States of America
| | - Stefano Guerra
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona - Tucson, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Isabelle Pin
- Department of Pediatrics, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- INSERM, Institut for Advanced Biosciences, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - Bénédicte Leynaert
- UMR 1152, Pathophysiology and Epidemiology of Respiratory Diseases, INSERM, Paris, France
- UMR 1152, University Paris Diderot Paris, Paris, France
| | - Simone Accordini
- Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jesús Martinez-Moratalla
- Servicio de Neumologia del Complejo, Servicio de Salud de Castilla – La Mancha (SESCAM), Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina de Albacete, Universidad de Castilla - La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
| | - Josep M. Antó
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Urrutia
- Department of Respiratory, Galdakao Hospital, Galdakao, Spain
| | - Audrey Le Gouellec
- University Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, CHU Grenoble Alpes, TIMC-IMAG, Grenoble, France
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali University Hospital Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Rain Jõgi
- Lung Clinic, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christer Janson
- Department of Medical Sciences: Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Garcia-Aymerich
- ISGlobal, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologia y Salud Publica (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
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Association between walking time spent and high sensitivity C-reactive protein level among obese women. ENFERMERIA CLINICA 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enfcli.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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88
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Skarpsno ES, Nilsen TIL, Sand T, Hagen K, Mork PJ. The joint effect of insomnia symptoms and lifestyle factors on risk of self-reported fibromyalgia in women: longitudinal data from the HUNT Study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e028684. [PMID: 31444184 PMCID: PMC6707686 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-028684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the association between insomnia symptoms and risk of self-reported fibromyalgia in women, and to explore whether leisure time physical activity and body mass index (BMI) modify this association. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING We used longitudinal data from the Norwegian Nord-Trøndelag Health Study collected in 1995-1997 (baseline) and 2006-2008 (follow-up). PARTICIPANTS A total of 14 172 women who reported to be free from fibromyalgia at baseline. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURES We estimated adjusted risk ratios (RRs) with 95% CI for self-reported fibromyalgia at follow-up associated with baseline insomnia symptoms, leisure time physical activity and BMI. RESULTS Overall, 466 incident cases of fibromyalgia were reported during the follow-up period of approximately 11 years, corresponding to a crude absolute risk (AR) of 3.3%. Compared with women without insomnia symptoms (crude AR=2.8%), women who reported one, two or three symptoms had RRs of fibromyalgia of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.80), 1.86 (95% CI: 1.33 to 2.59) and 2.66 (95% CI: 1.75 to 4.06), respectively. Compared with highly physically active women without insomnia symptoms (crude AR=2.7%), women with one or more insomnia symptoms had a RR of fibromyalgia of 1.90 (95% CI: 1.30 to 2.79) if they reported low physical activity and a RR of 1.55 (95% CI: 1.12 to 2.13) if they reported high physical activity. We found no synergistic effect between insomnia symptoms and BMI on risk of fibromyalgia; however, overweight and obese women with one or more insomnia symptoms had RRs of 2.35 (95% CI: 1.73 to 3.21) and 2.18 (95% CI: 1.42 to 3.35) compared with the reference group of normal weight women without insomnia symptoms (crude AR=2.3%). CONCLUSIONS Insomnia symptoms are strongly and positively associated with risk of fibromyalgia in adult women. Leisure time physical activity may compensate for some of the adverse effect of insomnia symptoms on risk of fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eivind Schjelderup Skarpsno
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Tom Ivar Lund Nilsen
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Trond Sand
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Knut Hagen
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Norwegian Advisory Unit on Headaches, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Paul Jarle Mork
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
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Guercio BJ, Zhang S, Ou FS, Venook AP, Niedzwiecki D, Lenz HJ, Innocenti F, O'Neil BH, Shaw JE, Polite BN, Hochster HS, Atkins JN, Goldberg RM, Sato K, Ng K, Van Blarigan E, Mayer RJ, Blanke CD, O'Reilly EM, Fuchs CS, Meyerhardt JA. Associations of Physical Activity With Survival and Progression in Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results From Cancer and Leukemia Group B (Alliance)/SWOG 80405. J Clin Oncol 2019; 37:2620-2631. [PMID: 31408415 DOI: 10.1200/jco.19.01019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Regular physical activity is associated with reduced risk of recurrence and mortality in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer. Its influence on patients with advanced/metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been largely unexplored. PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study nested in Cancer and Leukemia Group B (Alliance)/SWOG 80405 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00265850), a National Cancer Institute-sponsored phase III trial of systemic therapy for mCRC. Within 1 month after therapy initiation, patients were invited to complete a validated questionnaire that reported average physical activity over the previous 2 months. On the basis of responses, we calculated metabolic equivalent task (MET) hours per week to quantify physical activity. The primary end point of the clinical trial and this companion study was overall survival (OS). Secondary end points included progression-free survival (PFS) and first grade 3 or greater treatment-related adverse events. To minimize confounding by poor and declining health, we excluded patients who experienced progression or died within 60 days of activity assessment and used Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to adjust for known prognostic factors, comorbidities, and weight loss. RESULTS The final cohort included 1,218 patients. Compared with patients engaged in less than 3 MET hours per week of physical activity, patients engaged in 18 or more MET hours per week experienced an adjusted hazard ratio for OS of 0.85 (95% CI, 0.71 to 1.02; PTrend = .06) and for PFS of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.99; PTrend = .01). Compared with patients engaging in less than 9 MET hours per week, patients engaging in 9 or more MET hours per week experienced an adjusted hazard ratio for grade 3 or greater treatment-related adverse events of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.86; PTrend < .001). CONCLUSION Among patients with mCRC in Cancer and Leukemia Group B (Alliance)/SWOG 80405, association of physical activity with OS was not statistically significant. Greater physical activity was associated with longer PFS and lower adjusted risk for first grade 3 or greater treatment-related adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sui Zhang
- Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA
| | | | - Alan P Venook
- University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Bert H O'Neil
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - James E Shaw
- Medstar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - James N Atkins
- Southeast Clinical Oncology Research Consortium, National Cancer Institute Community Oncology Research Program, Winston-Salem, NC
| | | | - Kaori Sato
- Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA
| | - Kimmie Ng
- Dana-Farber/Partners CancerCare, Boston, MA
| | | | | | - Charles D Blanke
- SWOG, Portland, OR.,Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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90
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Is Active Transport and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Associated With Inflammatory Markers in US Adults? A Cross-Sectional Analyses From NHANES. J Phys Act Health 2019; 16:540-546. [PMID: 31156008 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2018-0423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the association between levels of active transport and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with C-reactive protein, white blood cell count, body mass index, waist circumference, and lipids in a large representative sample of adults residing in the United States. METHODS Cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Adjusted multinomial logistic regressions were carried out to quantify associations between levels of self-reported active transport (or LTPA) and quintiles of anthropometric measures and serum markers. RESULTS A total of 3248 adults were included. For serum inflammatory biomarkers, the authors observed a lower likelihood of being in the top quintile groups of circulating C-reactive protein (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.40-0.90) and white blood cell count (aOR: 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.95) with engaging in low to medium levels of active transport but not with high levels of active transport. Higher levels of LTPA were associated with lower likelihood of having high levels of serum inflammatory biomarkers (aOR: 0.60; 95% CI, 0.42-0.86 in the top C-reactive protein group and aOR: 0.58; 95% CI, 0.39-0.87 in top white blood cell group). CONCLUSIONS Promoting active transport and/or LTPA may be a beneficial strategy to improving some, but not all, cardiometabolic health outcomes.
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91
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Menezes AMB, Oliveira PD, Wehrmeister FC, Assunção MCF, Oliveira IO, Tovo-Rodrigues L, Ferreira GD, Gonçalves H. Association of modifiable risk factors and IL-6, CRP, and adiponectin: Findings from the 1993 Birth Cohort, Southern Brazil. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216202. [PMID: 31071114 PMCID: PMC6508856 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The literature on the relationship between lifestyle behaviors and inflammatory markers is scarce. Methods A birth cohort was followed since birth up to 22 years in Southern Brazil. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), C-reactive protein (CRP) and adiponectin were measured in nonfasting blood samples drawn at 18 and 22 years of age. Exposures including smoking, alcohol intake, physical inactivity and obesity, were collected at 15, 18 and 22 years. Cross sectional analyses were based on the number of follow-up visits with these exposures and the association with IL-6, CRP and adiponectin at 22 years old. We also carried out a longitudinal Generalized Least Squares (GLS) random-effects analysis with outcomes at 18 and at 22 years old. All analyses were adjusted for several covariates. Results The sample comprised 3,479 cohort members at 22 years. The presence of obesity at ≥ 2 follow-ups showed the highest mean values (SE) for IL-6 [2.45 (1.05)] and CRP [3.74 (1.11)] and the lowest mean value for adiponectin [8.60 (0.37)] (adjusted analyses, females) compared with other exposures; the highest mean of IL-6 [1.65 (1.05)] and CRP [1.78 (1.11)] and the lowest mean of adiponectin [9.98 (0.38)] were for the number of follow-ups with ≥2 exposures compared to those with no exposures at any follow-up (adjusted analyses, females). The longitudinal analysis showed an increase in obesity associated with IL-6 and CRP in both sexes and an inverse association with adiponectin in females; smoking (in males) was associated with IL-6 and CRP, harmful alcohol intake was associated with CRP in males, and increased in physical activity was inversely associated with CRP in men. Conclusion We concluded that obesity is the main exposure positively associated with IL-6 and CRP and inversely associated with adiponectin (mainly in females). Smoking is also associated with these markers in the longitudinal analysis (in males).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Isabel O. Oliveira
- Federal University of Pelotas—Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | | | - Gustavo Dias Ferreira
- Federal University of Pelotas—Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Helen Gonçalves
- Federal University of Pelotas—Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
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92
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Siahpush M, Farazi PA, Wang H, Robbins RE, Singh GK, Su D. Muscle-strengthening physical activity is associated with cancer mortality: results from the 1998-2011 National Health Interview Surveys, National Death Index record linkage. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:663-670. [PMID: 31004232 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01169-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the association of muscle-strengthening activities (MSA) and cancer mortality. METHODS We pooled data from the 1998 to 2009 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), which were linked to records in the National Death Index. Mortality follow-up was through 31 December 2011. Based on U.S. federal guidelines for physical activity, we dichotomized MSA and compared those who performed MSA twice a week or more to others with lower MSA. We also examined dose-response relationship of MSA frequency with cancer mortality. Hazard ratios (HR) from Cox regression were computed to estimate the association of MSA with the risk of cancer mortality. Mean follow-up was 7.9 years and the analysis sample size was 310,282. RESULTS Covariate-adjusted results showed that meeting the MSA guideline was associated with a 19% lower risk of cancer mortality (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.73, 0.90). We found no evidence of a dose-response relationship between the frequency of performing MSA and cancer mortality. CONCLUSION Adhering to the U.S. federal guideline for MSA is associated with lower cancer mortality. Public health programs and policy for cancer prevention and control should promote MSA to further reduce cancer mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamamd Siahpush
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984340 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4340, USA.
| | - Paraskevi A Farazi
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Health Services Research and Administration, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984395 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, USA
| | - Regina E Robbins
- Department of Sociology & Anthropology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, 6001 Dodge Street, Omaha, NE, 68182-0213, USA
| | - Gopal K Singh
- Office of Health Equity, Health Resources and Services Administration, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Rockville, MD, 20857, USA
| | - Dejun Su
- Department of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 984340 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198-4340, USA
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93
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Multi-cohort study identifies social determinants of systemic inflammation over the life course. Nat Commun 2019; 10:773. [PMID: 30770820 PMCID: PMC6377676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08732-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been proposed as having a prominent role in the construction of social inequalities in health. Disentangling the effects of early life and adulthood social disadvantage on inflammation is key in elucidating biological mechanisms underlying socioeconomic disparities. Here we explore the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course and inflammation (as measured by CRP levels) in up to 23,008 participants from six European cohort studies from three countries conducted between 1958 and 2013. We find a consistent inverse association between SEP and CRP across cohorts, where participants with a less advantaged SEP have higher levels of inflammation. Educational attainment is most strongly related to inflammation, after adjusting for health behaviours, body mass index and later-in-life SEP. These findings suggest socioeconomic disadvantage in young adulthood is independently associated with later life inflammation calling for further studies of the pathways operating through educational processes. Here, the authors explore the relationship between socioeconomic position (SEP) across the life course and inflammation in a multi-cohort study and show that educational attainment is most strongly related to inflammation, suggesting that socioeconomic disadvantage in young adulthood is independently associated with later life inflammation.
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94
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Sedláček P, Plavinová I, Langmajerová J, Dvořáková J, Novák J, Trefil L, Müller L, Buňatová P, Zeman V, Müllerová D. Effect of n-3 fatty acids supplementation during life style modification in women with overweight. Cent Eur J Public Health 2018; 26:265-271. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a5259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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95
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Keinänen J, Suvisaari J, Reinikainen J, Kieseppä T, Lindgren M, Mäntylä T, Rikandi E, Sundvall J, Torniainen-Holm M, Mantere O. Low-grade inflammation in first-episode psychosis is determined by increased waist circumference. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:547-553. [PMID: 30343240 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Psychosis is associated with low-grade inflammation as measured by high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a risk factor for cardiovascular events and mortality in the general population. We investigated the relationship between hs-CRP and anthropometric and metabolic changes in first-episode psychosis (FEP) during the first treatment year. We recruited 95 FEP patients and 62 controls, and measured longitudinal changes in hs-CRP, weight, waist circumference, insulin resistance, and lipids. We used linear mixed models to analyze the longitudinal relationship between hs-CRP and clinical, anthropometric and metabolic measures. At baseline, patients with FEP had higher levels of insulin resistance, total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and triglycerides. Baseline weight, waist circumference, hs-CRP, fasting glucose, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were similar between patients and controls. Marked increases in anthropometric measures and hs-CRP were observed in FEP during the 12-month follow-up. However, glucose and lipid parameters did not change significantly. In the mixed models, waist circumference and female sex were significant predictors of hs-CRP levels in FEP. Prevention of the early development of abdominal obesity in FEP is crucial, as abdominal obesity is accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, which increases further the cardiovascular risk in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Keinänen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 590, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Jaana Suvisaari
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaakko Reinikainen
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Public Health Evaluation and Projection Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula Kieseppä
- Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 590, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Maija Lindgren
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu Mäntylä
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eva Rikandi
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 63, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jouko Sundvall
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Minna Torniainen-Holm
- Department of Public Health Solutions, Mental Health Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, FIN-00271 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Outi Mantere
- Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, P.O. Box 590, FIN-00029 Helsinki, Finland; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, 1033 Pine Avenue West, QC, H3A 1A1 Montréal, Canada; Bipolar Disorders Clinic, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875 LaSalle Boulevard, QC, H4H 1R3 Montréal, Canada
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96
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Aggio D, Papachristou E, Papacosta O, Lennon LT, Ash S, Whincup PH, Wannamethee SG, Jefferis BJ. Association Between 20-Year Trajectories of Nonoccupational Physical Activity From Midlife to Old Age and Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease: A 20-Year Longitudinal Study of British Men. Am J Epidemiol 2018; 187:2315-2323. [PMID: 30124747 PMCID: PMC6211233 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwy157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The trajectories of physical activity (PA) from midlife into old age and their associations with established and novel cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in later life remain unclear. This study examined associations between 20-year nonoccupational PA trajectories and a range of CVD biomarkers at ages 60-79 years. We used data from a sample of 3,331 men (mean baseline age = 50.2 ± 5.8 years) recruited in 1978-1980, with follow-up after 12, 16, and 20 years, reporting habitual nonoccupational PA at each wave. At the 20-year follow-up, surviving men attended a physical examination and provided a fasting blood sample. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify trajectories. Adjusted regression analyses examined the association between trajectory-group membership and several cardiometabolic, cardiac, and inflammatory markers at follow-up. Three distinct 20-year trajectories were identified: low/decreasing (21.3%), light/stable (51.8%), and moderate/increasing (27.0%). Compared with the low/decreasing group, membership in the light/stable and moderate/increasing trajectory groups was associated with a more favorable cardiometabolic profile and lower levels of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction. Although following a moderate-increasing PA trajectory was most favorable, more modest but sustained doses of PA into old age may be sufficient to lower CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Aggio
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Physical Activity Research Group, London, United Kingdom
| | - Efstathios Papachristou
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Olia Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy T Lennon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Ash
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George’s University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Barbara J Jefferis
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- University College London Physical Activity Research Group, London, United Kingdom
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97
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Liao CM, Lin CM. Life Course Effects of Socioeconomic and Lifestyle Factors on Metabolic Syndrome and 10-Year Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Longitudinal Study in Taiwan Adults. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15102178. [PMID: 30301155 PMCID: PMC6209895 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15102178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to explore the dynamic effects of socioeconomic status (SES) and lifestyle behaviors on the risks of metabolic syndrome (MS) or cardiovascular disease (CVD) in life course. The data of 12,825 subjects (6616 males and 6209 females) who underwent repeated examinations and answered repeated questionnaires from 2006 to 2014 at the Major Health Screening Center in Taiwan, was collected and analyzed. The trajectory of trends in the subjects’ SES and lifestyle mobility over time was observed, and the effects of factors with potential impacts on health were tested and analyzed using multiple logistic regression and a generalized estimated equation model. A 10% increase in MS prevalence was observed over the nine-year period. The average Framingham CVD score for people with MS was estimated to be about 1.4% (SD = 1.5%). Except for middle-aged women, marriage was found to raise the risk of CVD, whereas increasing education and work promotions independently reduced CVD risk for the majority of subjects. However, the risk of CVD was raised by half for young men who had a job or lost a job in comparison to continuously unemployed young men. Physical activity was only found to be advantageous for disease prevention in those aged less than 40 years; increased exercise levels were useless for reducing CVD risk among older men. Alcohol drinking and betel chewing caused increased CVD risk in the old and young subjects, respectively, whereas vegetarian diets and vitamin C/E intake were helpful in preventing CVD, even if those habits were ceased in later life. For middle-aged women, getting sufficient sleep reduced CVD risk. We concluded that SES and lifestyle behaviors may have different effects on health over time, among various populations. Accordingly, suggestions can be provided to healthcare workers in designing health promotion courses for people at different life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Mao Liao
- Department of Applied Statistics and Information Science, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chih-Ming Lin
- Department of Healthcare Information and Management, Ming Chuan University, No. 5, Teh-Ming Rd., Gwei-Shan, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan.
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98
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Sloan RP, Shapiro PA, McKinley PS, Bartels M, Shimbo D, Lauriola V, Karmally W, Pavlicova M, Choi CJ, Choo T, Scodes JM, Flood P, Tracey KJ. Aerobic Exercise Training and Inducible Inflammation: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy, Young Adults. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e010201. [PMID: 30371169 PMCID: PMC6201415 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Consensus panels regularly recommend aerobic exercise for its health-promoting properties, due in part to presumed anti-inflammatory effects, but many studies show no such effect, possibly related to study differences in participants, interventions, inflammatory markers, and statistical approaches. This variability makes an unequivocal determination of the anti-inflammatory effects of aerobic training elusive. Methods and Results We conducted a randomized controlled trial of 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training or a wait list control condition followed by 4 weeks of sedentary deconditioning on lipopolysaccharide (0, 0.1, and 1.0 ng/mL)-inducible tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), and on toll-like receptor 4 in 119 healthy, sedentary young adults. Aerobic capacity by cardiopulmonary exercise testing was measured at study entry (T1) and after training (T2) and deconditioning (T3). Despite a 15% increase in maximal oxygen consumption, there were no changes in inflammatory markers. Additional analyses revealed a differential longitudinal aerobic exercise training effect by lipopolysaccharide level in inducible TNF -α ( P=0.08) and IL-6 ( P=0.011), showing T1 to T2 increases rather than decreases in inducible (lipopolysaccharide 0.1, 1.0 versus 0.0 ng/mL) TNF- α (51% increase, P=0.041) and IL-6 (42% increase, P=0.11), and significant T2 to T3 decreases in inducible TNF- α (54% decrease, P=0.007) and IL-6 (55% decrease, P<0.001). There were no significant changes in either group at the 0.0 ng/mL lipopolysaccharide level for TNF- α or IL-6. Conclusions The failure to support the primary hypotheses and the unexpected post hoc findings of an exercise-training-induced proinflammatory response raise questions about whether and under what conditions exercise training has anti-inflammatory effects. Clinical Trial Registration URL : http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT 01335737.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P. Sloan
- Division of Behavioral MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
- New York State Psychiatric InstituteNew YorkNY
| | - Peter A. Shapiro
- Division of Consultation/Liaison PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Paula S. McKinley
- Division of Behavioral MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Matthew Bartels
- Department of Rehabilitation MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Daichi Shimbo
- Department of MedicineColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Vincenzo Lauriola
- Division of Behavioral MedicineDepartment of PsychiatryColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Wahida Karmally
- Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational ResearchColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Martina Pavlicova
- Department of BiostatisticsMailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | | | | | | | - Pamela Flood
- Department of AnesthesiologyColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY
| | - Kevin J. Tracey
- The Feinstein Institute for Medical ResearchNorthwell HealthManhassettNY
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Zhang S, Wolf K, Breitner S, Kronenberg F, Stafoggia M, Peters A, Schneider A. Long-term effects of air pollution on ankle-brachial index. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 118:17-25. [PMID: 29787898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ankle-brachial index (ABI) has been linked to the risk of cardiovascular events. However, the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and abnormal ABI has not been fully investigated. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 4544 participants from the KORA Study (2004-2008) in the region of Augsburg, Germany. Participants' residential annual mean concentrations of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were predicted with land-use regression models, and the traffic information was collected from geographic information systems. We applied multinomial logistic regression models to assess the effects of air pollution on the prevalence of low and high ABI, and quantile regression models to explore the non-monotonic relationship between air pollution and ABI. We also examined effect modification by individual characteristics. RESULTS Long-term exposure to PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10 μm (PM10) and ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5) was significantly associated with a higher prevalence of low ABI, with the respective odds ratios (ORs) of 1.82 (95%CI: 1.11-2.97) and 1.59 (95%CI: 1.01-2.51) for a 5th to 95th percentile increment in pollutants. Positive associations with the prevalence of high ABI were observed for PM (e.g., PM10: OR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.07-2.50) and NO2 (OR = 1.84, 95%CI: 1.15-2.94). Quantile regression analyses revealed similar non-monotonic results. The effects of air pollution on having abnormal ABI were stronger in physically inactive, hypertensive, or non-diabetic participants. CONCLUSIONS Long-term exposure to PM and NO2 was associated with a higher prevalence of both low and high ABI, indicating the adverse effects of air pollution on atherosclerosis and arterial stiffness in the lower extremities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Zhang
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Kathrin Wolf
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Susanne Breitner
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Florian Kronenberg
- Division of Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Massimo Stafoggia
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Local Health Unit ASL RM1, Rome, Italy.
| | - Annette Peters
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany.
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100
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Elhakeem A, Cooper R, Whincup P, Brage S, Kuh D, Hardy R. Physical Activity, Sedentary Time, and Cardiovascular Disease Biomarkers at Age 60 to 64 Years. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e007459. [PMID: 30369324 PMCID: PMC6201385 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.007459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Background We examined associations of objectively measured physical activity ( PA ) and sedentary time with cardiovascular disease biomarkers at age 60 to 64 years. This included investigation of sex differences and the extent to which associations may be mediated by adiposity. Methods and Results Participants were 795 men and 827 women aged 60 to 64 years from the Medical Research Council National Survey of Health and Development. Combined heart rate and movement sensors worn for 5 consecutive days were used to derive overall PA energy expenditure, kJ /kg per day) and time spent sedentary (<1.5 metabolic equivalent of tasks), in light PA (1.5-3 metabolic equivalent of tasks) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA (>3 metabolic equivalent of tasks). Linear regression models were used to relate each PA parameter to inflammatory (C-reactive protein, interleukin-6), endothelial (tissue-plasminogen activator, E-selectin) and adipokine (leptin, adiponectin) markers extracted from fasting blood samples. Greater time in light PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA and less sedentary time were associated with more favorable biomarker levels. For C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin, these differences were greater among women than men. For example, % differences (95% confidence intervals) in leptin for men and women per SD increases in sedentary time: 7.9 (2.7, 13.0) and 20.6 (15.3, 25.8); light intensity PA : -3.8 (-8.9, 12.7) and -17.7 (-23.1, -12.4), moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA : -12.9 (-17.9, -8.0) and -18.3 (-23.4, -13.1). Fat mass mediated a greater proportion of these associations in women than men. Conclusions Greater light PA and moderate-to-vigorous intensity PA and less sedentary time in early old age were associated with more favorable cardiovascular biomarker profiles. Fat mass partially mediated these associations but more strongly in women than men, which explained sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology UnitPopulation Health SciencesBristol Medical School University of BristolUnited Kingdom
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Peter Whincup
- Population Health Research InstituteSt George's University of LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Soren Brage
- MRC Epidemiology UnitUniversity of CambridgeUnited Kingdom
| | - Diana Kuh
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCLLondonUnited Kingdom
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