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Streese L, Habisch H, Deiseroth A, Carrard J, Infanger D, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Madl T, Hanssen H. Lipoprotein Subclasses Independently Contribute to Subclinical Variance of Microvascular and Macrovascular Health. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154760. [PMID: 35897932 PMCID: PMC9332701 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoproteins are important cardiovascular (CV) risk biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the associations of lipoprotein subclasses with micro- and macrovascular biomarkers to better understand how these subclasses relate to atherosclerotic CV diseases. One hundred and fifty-eight serum samples from the EXAMIN AGE study, consisting of healthy individuals and CV risk patients, were analysed with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to quantify lipoprotein subclasses. Microvascular health was quantified by measuring retinal arteriolar and venular diameters. Macrovascular health was quantified by measuring carotid-to-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV). Nineteen lipoprotein subclasses showed statistically significant associations with retinal vessel diameters and nine with PWV. These lipoprotein subclasses together explained up to 26% of variation (R2 = 0.26, F(29,121) = 2.80, p < 0.001) in micro- and 12% (R2 = 0.12, F(29,124) = 1.70, p = 0.025) of variation in macrovascular health. High-density (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) as well as triglycerides together explained up to 13% (R2 = 0.13, F(3143) = 8.42, p < 0.001) of micro- and 8% (R2 = 0.08, F(3145) = 5.46, p = 0.001) of macrovascular variation. Lipoprotein subclasses seem to reflect micro- and macrovascular end organ damage more precisely as compared to only measuring HDL-C, LDL-C and triglycerides. Further studies are needed to analyse how the additional quantification of lipoprotein subclasses can improve CV risk stratification and CV disease prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Streese
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (A.D.); (J.C.); (D.I.); (A.S.-T.); (H.H.)
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Arne Deiseroth
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (A.D.); (J.C.); (D.I.); (A.S.-T.); (H.H.)
| | - Justin Carrard
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (A.D.); (J.C.); (D.I.); (A.S.-T.); (H.H.)
| | - Denis Infanger
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (A.D.); (J.C.); (D.I.); (A.S.-T.); (H.H.)
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (A.D.); (J.C.); (D.I.); (A.S.-T.); (H.H.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center for Cell Signaling, Metabolism and Aging, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- BioTechMed Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-385-71972
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, Medical Faculty, University of Basel, 4052 Basel, Switzerland; (L.S.); (A.D.); (J.C.); (D.I.); (A.S.-T.); (H.H.)
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Abstract
Lipid disorders involving derangements in serum cholesterol, triglycerides, or both are commonly encountered in clinical practice and often have implications for cardiovascular risk and overall health. Recent advances in knowledge, recommendations, and treatment options have necessitated an updated approach to these disorders. Older classification schemes have outlived their usefulness, yielding to an approach based on the primary lipid disturbance identified on a routine lipid panel as a practical starting point. Although monogenic dyslipidemias exist and are important to identify, most individuals with lipid disorders have polygenic predisposition, often in the context of secondary factors such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. With regard to cardiovascular disease, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is essentially causal, and clinical practice guidelines worldwide have recommended treatment thresholds and targets for this variable. Furthermore, recent studies have established elevated triglycerides as a cardiovascular risk factor, whereas depressed high-density lipoprotein cholesterol now appears less contributory than was previously believed. An updated approach to diagnosis and risk assessment may include measurement of secondary lipid variables such as apolipoprotein B and lipoprotein(a), together with selective use of genetic testing to diagnose rare monogenic dyslipidemias such as familial hypercholesterolemia or familial chylomicronemia syndrome. The ongoing development of new agents-especially antisense RNA and monoclonal antibodies-targeting dyslipidemias will provide additional management options, which in turn motivates discussion on how best to incorporate them into current treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda J Berberich
- Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
| | - Robert A Hegele
- Department of Medicine; Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5C1.,Robarts Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, Canada, N6A 5B7
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Klobučar I, Degoricija V, Potočnjak I, Trbušić M, Pregartner G, Berghold A, Fritz-Petrin E, Habisch H, Madl T, Frank S. HDL-apoA-II Is Strongly Associated with 1-Year Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10071668. [PMID: 35884971 PMCID: PMC9313377 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic value of the subset of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles containing apolipoprotein (apo)A-II (HDL-apoA-II) in acute heart failure (AHF) remains unexplored. In this study, baseline serum levels of HDL-apoA-II (total and subfractions 1−4) were measured in 315 AHF patients using NMR spectroscopy. The mean patient age was 74.2 ± 10.5 years, 136 (43.2%) were female, 288 (91.4%) had a history of cardiomyopathy, 298 (94.6%) presented as New York Heart Association class 4, and 118 (37.5%) patients died within 1 year after hospitalization for AHF. Multivariable Cox regression analyses, adjusted for age and sex as well as other clinical and laboratory parameters associated with 1-year mortality in the univariable analyses, revealed a significant inverse association of HDL-apoA-II (hazard ratio (HR) 0.67 per 1 standard deviation (1 SD) increase, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.47−0.94, p = 0.020), HDL2-apoA-II (HR 0.72 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 0.54−0.95, p = 0.019), and HDL3-apoA-II (HR 0.59 per 1 SD increase, 95% CI 0.43−0.80, p < 0.001) with 1-year mortality. We conclude that low baseline HDL-apoA-II, HDL2-apoA-II, and HDL3-apoA-II serum levels are associated with increased 1-year mortality in AHF patients and may thus be of prognostic value in AHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Klobučar
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (M.T.)
| | - Vesna Degoricija
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
- Department of Medicine, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ines Potočnjak
- Institute for Clinical Medical Research and Education, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Matias Trbušić
- Department of Cardiology, Sisters of Charity University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.K.); (M.T.)
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Gudrun Pregartner
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics und Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Andrea Berghold
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics und Documentation, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria; (G.P.); (A.B.)
| | - Eva Fritz-Petrin
- Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria;
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
| | - Tobias Madl
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Saša Frank
- Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria; (H.H.); (T.M.)
- BioTechMed-Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-316-3857-1969
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Cai Z, Deng L, Chen Y, Ling Y. Effect of thyroid function on pre-β1 high-density lipoprotein levels in patients with Graves' disease undergoing radioiodine treatment. Endocrine 2022; 76:648-659. [PMID: 35235144 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03024-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The metabolism of HDL is altered in thyroid dysfunctions. Preβ-1 HDL is a very small discoidal precursor HDL and promotes cholesterol efflux via ABCA1. The effects of thyroid dysfunctions on pre-β1 HDL are unknown. Thyroid hormone regulates ANGPTL3 expression, which may participate in HDL metabolism in thyroid dysfunctions. OBJECTIVE To determine the variation of HDL subfractions, especially preβ-1 HDL in thyroid dysfunctions, and whether ANGPTL3 mediates the effect of thyroid function on HDL metabolism. METHODS We recruited 26 patients with Graves' disease undergoing radioiodine treatment. They were evaluated at three time points: at baseline, when they were hypothyroid after radioiodine treatment, and when they were on stable levothyroxine replacement and euthyroid. RESULTS The concentrations of smaller HDL particles Preβ-1 HDL and HDL3 were highest at the hyperthyroid state, and lowest at the hypothyroid state. While the larger HDL particles HDL2 and HDL1 changed just the opposite. Preβ1-HDL and HDL3 were positively correlated to fT3 and fT4, while were negatively correlated to TSH. In contrast, HDL1 was negatively associated with fT3 and fT4, while was positively associated with TSH. The correlations between thyroid hormones and HDL subfractions remained significant after adjusting for ANGPTL3. CONCLUSIONS There is a shift form smaller HDL particles pre-β1 HDL and HDL3 to larger HDL particles HDL2 and HDL1 in hypothyroidism, while the change is just the opposite in hyperthyroidism. In future, cholesterol efflux capacity should be measured to determine if the function of HDL particles also changes with the shifting of HDL subfractions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqin Cai
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Lingxin Deng
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yunqin Chen
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Yan Ling
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No.180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Lenz KD, Klosterman KE, Mukundan H, Kubicek-Sutherland JZ. Lipoprotein capture ELISA method for the sensitive detection of amphiphilic biomarkers. Anal Biochem 2022; 652:114747. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2022.114747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) is a single-particle technique where the masses of individual ions are determined from simultaneous measurement of their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) and charge. Masses are determined for thousands of individual ions, and then the results are binned to give a mass spectrum. Using this approach, accurate mass distributions can be measured for heterogeneous and high-molecular-weight samples that are usually not amenable to analysis by conventional mass spectrometry. Recent applications include heavily glycosylated proteins, protein complexes, protein aggregates such as amyloid fibers, infectious viruses, gene therapies, vaccines, and vesicles such as exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin F Jarrold
- Chemistry Department, Indiana University, 800 E. Kirkwood Avenue, Bloomington, Indiana 47404, United States
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57
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Wilkens TL, Tranæs K, Eriksen JN, Dragsted LO. Moderate alcohol consumption and lipoprotein subfractions: a systematic review of intervention and observational studies. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:1311-1339. [PMID: 34957513 PMCID: PMC9308455 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Moderate alcohol consumption is associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improvement in cardiovascular risk markers, including lipoproteins and lipoprotein subfractions. OBJECTIVE To systematically review the relationship between moderate alcohol intake, lipoprotein subfractions, and related mechanisms. DATA SOURCES Following PRISMA, all human and ex vivo studies with an alcohol intake up to 60 g/d were included from 8 databases. DATA EXTRACTION A total of 17 478 studies were screened, and data were extracted from 37 intervention and 77 observational studies. RESULTS Alcohol intake was positively associated with all HDL subfractions. A few studies found lower levels of small LDLs, increased average LDL particle size, and nonlinear relationships to apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins. Cholesterol efflux capacity and paraoxonase activity were consistently increased. Several studies had unclear or high risk of bias, and heterogeneous laboratory methods restricted comparability between studies. CONCLUSIONS Up to 60 g/d alcohol can cause changes in lipoprotein subfractions and related mechanisms that could influence cardiovascular health. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. 98955.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trine L Wilkens
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Tranæs
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jane N Eriksen
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars O Dragsted
- Department of Nutrition, Exercise and Sports, Section for Preventive and Clinical Nutrition, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Evaluation of the apolipoprotein E (apoE)-HDL-associated risk factors for coronary heart disease using duo-functional electrochemical aptasensor. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5595-5607. [PMID: 35359181 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E containing high-density lipoprotein (apoE-HDL) and apoE-HDL cholesterol (apoE-HDL-C) are recently recognized as potential biomarkers for coronary heart disease (CHD). We herein developed a two-stage, enzyme-assisted, dual-signal aptasensor that enables a useful electrochemical sensing platform for simultaneous determination of apoE-HDL, apoE-HDL-C, and total HDL-C presented in the sample. The detection scheme consists of two subsystems. In subsystem (I), the level of apoE-HDL is evaluated upon the binding of apoE-specific aptamer and subsequently methylene blue (MB)-labeled DNA displacement occurs on the electrode surface, resulting in electrochemical reduction of methylene blue. In subsystem (II), two kinds of cholesterol levels (apoE-HDL-C and total HDL-C) can be measured. For apoE-HDL-C, the amount of cholesterol in apoE-HDL captured by the aptamer in the first step can be further determined with the aid of surfactant, cholesterol esterase, cholesterol oxidase, and p-aminophenol-mediated electrochemical signal amplification. As for total HDL-C, the amount of cholesterol is determined by the same approach as that used for apoE-HDL-C determination, but without washing (separation). The linear dynamic range for apoE-HDL determination is from 1 to 100 mg/dL (R2 = 1.00). For cholesterol standards, the linear dynamic range is determined to be 0-250 mg/dL (R2 = 0.98). Finally, serial dilutions of purified human HDL preparations were examined using the newly developed aptasensor; the percentage of apoE-HDL-C to HDL-C was found to be ~10%, which correlated well with previously reported values. In conclusion, we successfully developed an electrochemical aptasensor that allows concurrent quantification of apoE-HDL, apoE-HDL-C, and HDL-C on the same platform, offering an efficient, convenient, and purification-free sensing strategy for predictive CHD biomarkers.
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Hafiane A, Gianopoulos I, Sorci-Thomas MG, Daskalopoulou SS. Current models of apolipoprotein A-I lipidation by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1. Curr Opin Lipidol 2022; 33:139-145. [PMID: 34581311 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0000000000000786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The primary cardioprotective function of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is to remove excess cellular free cholesterol (FC) from peripheral tissues and deliver it to the liver. Here, we summarize recent research that examines apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) lipidation models by adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and discuss its relevance in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). RECENT FINDINGS The first step in HDL formation involves the interaction between apoA-I and ABCA1, where ABCA1 mediates the removal of FC and phospholipids from lipid-laden macrophages to form discoidal nascent HDL (nHDL). However, there are currently no clear-cut systematic models that characterize HDL formation. A number of recent studies have investigated the importance of apoA-I C- and N-terminal domains required for optimal cholesterol efflux and nHDL production. Furthermore, functional ABCA1 is required for direct or indirect binding to apoA-I where ABCA1 dimer-monomer interconversion facilitates apoA-I lipidation from plasma membrane microdomains. Microparticles are also another lipid source for apoA-I solubilization into nHDL. SUMMARY ApoA-I and ABCA1 are key factors in macrophage-mediated cholesterol efflux and nHDL production. Understanding of the key steps in HDL formation may unlock the therapeutic potential of HDL and improve clinical management of ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Hafiane
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ioanna Gianopoulos
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mary G Sorci-Thomas
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Clinical Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Stella S Daskalopoulou
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre, McGill University Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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Zhu H, Ye G, Xie Y, Zhu K, Zhu F, Chen Q. Association of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and periodontitis severity in Chinese elderly: a cross-sectional study. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:4753-4759. [PMID: 35348881 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04439-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Periodontitis is a local inflammatory disease of high prevalence worldwide. Increasing evidence has shown its association with cardiovascular diseases. While high-density lipoprotein is an important protective factor in preventing cardiovascular diseases, this study aims to examine whether high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level is associated with different status of periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 874 Chinese retirees (≥ 60 years of age) with different statuses of periodontitis were enrolled. Periodontal clinical data were collected to define periodontal disease severity (no, mild-moderate, severe). Peripheral blood was collected for serum lipid profile analysis. Linear and logistic regression analysis with adjustment for potential confounders (gender, age, BMI, alcohol intake, exercise frequency, smoking habits) were used to determine the association of periodontitis with HDL-C. RESULTS After adjustments for confounders, linear regression analyses revealed a significant relationship between the decreased HDL-C and periodontitis severity (p < 0.05). Although the multivariable-adjusted ORs of decreased HDL-C were not statistically significant, logistic regression analyses showed Chinese elderly with severe periodontitis had higher odds of exhibiting clinically abnormal HDL-C levels than those without periodontitis. CONCLUSIONS The elderly population with periodontitis showed HDL-C levels significantly lower than those without periodontitis. The severity of periodontitis was positively correlated with serum HDL-C levels. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Periodontitis reduces HDL-C level in the elderly population, indicating that oral health should be paid attention to in the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haihua Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guanchen Ye
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanyi Xie
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kangqi Zhu
- School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fudong Zhu
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qianming Chen
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, Zhejiang, China.
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Diab A, Valenzuela Ripoll C, Guo Z, Javaheri A. HDL Composition, Heart Failure, and Its Comorbidities. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:846990. [PMID: 35350538 PMCID: PMC8958020 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.846990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) has historically focused on atherosclerotic coronary disease, there exists untapped potential of HDL biology for the treatment of heart failure. Anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and endothelial protective properties of HDL could impact heart failure pathogenesis. HDL-associated proteins such as apolipoprotein A-I and M may have significant therapeutic effects on the myocardium, in part by modulating signal transduction pathways and sphingosine-1-phosphate biology. Furthermore, because heart failure is a complex syndrome characterized by multiple comorbidities, there are complex interactions between heart failure, its comorbidities, and lipoprotein homeostatic mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss the effects of heart failure and associated comorbidities on HDL, explore potential cardioprotective properties of HDL, and review novel HDL therapeutic targets in heart failure.
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Kopčeková J, Kolesárová A, Schwarzová M, Kováčik A, Mrázová J, Gažarová M, Lenártová P, Chlebo P, Kolesárová A. Phytonutrients of Bitter Apricot Seeds Modulate Human Lipid Profile and LDL Subfractions in Adults with Elevated Cholesterol Levels. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020857. [PMID: 35055679 PMCID: PMC8775948 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of short-term consumption of bitter apricot seeds phytonutrients on cardiovascular risk factors with a special focus on LDL cholesterol subfractions using the Lipoprint system. A group of 34 adult volunteers (21 female/13 male) consumed 60 mg kg−1 of body weight of bitter apricot seeds daily for 42 days. Subjects were divided into two groups: one with normal cholesterol levels (NTC) and one with elevated total cholesterol levels (ETC). Blood serum levels of total cholesterol (T-C), low-density cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) did not change significantly (p > 0.05) in NTC group. However, there were significant decreasing of T-C (p ˂ 0.05) and LDL-C (p < 0.01) in ETC group. The LDL1, LDL2, and atherogenic LDL3−7 subfractions progressively decreased after 42 days of apricot seeds consumption in ETC group (p < 0.05). Apricot seeds consumption was associated with a significant increase in the mean LDL particle size especially in ETC group (p ˂ 0.01). The results of the present study support the hypothesis that daily consumption of bitter apricot seeds for 42 days positively modified the lipoprotein profile in the group with elevated total cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kopčeková
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +421-37-641-4225
| | - Anna Kolesárová
- Institute of Food Sciences, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
| | - Marianna Schwarzová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Anton Kováčik
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (A.K.)
| | - Jana Mrázová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Martina Gažarová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Petra Lenártová
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Peter Chlebo
- Institute of Nutrition and Genomics, Faculty of Agrobiology and Food Resources, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (M.S.); (J.M.); (M.G.); (P.L.); (P.C.)
| | - Adriana Kolesárová
- Institute of Applied Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia; (A.K.); (A.K.)
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HDL Is Not Dead Yet. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010128. [PMID: 35052806 PMCID: PMC8773442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels are inversely correlated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in multiple epidemiological studies, but whether HDL is causal or merely associated with CHD is unclear. Recent trials for HDL-raising drugs were either not effective in reducing CHD events or, if beneficial in reducing CHD events, were not conclusive as the findings could be attributed to the drugs’ LDL-reducing activity. Furthermore, the first large Mendelian randomization study did not causally relate HDL-C levels to decreased CHD. Thus, the hypothesis that HDL is protective against CHD has been rightfully challenged. However, subsequent Mendelian randomization studies found HDL characteristics that are causally related to decreased CHD. Many aspects of HDL structure and function, especially in reverse cholesterol transport, may be better indicators of HDL’s protective activity than simply measuring HDL-C. Cholesterol efflux capacity is associated with lower levels of prevalent and incident CHD, even after adjustment for HDL-C and apolipoprotein A-1 levels. Also, subjects with very high levels of HDL-C, including those with rare mutations that disrupt hepatic HDL uptake and reverse cholesterol transport, may be at higher risk for CHD than those with moderate levels. We describe here several cell-based and cell-free in vitro assays of HDL structure and function that may be used in clinical studies to determine which of HDL’s functions are best associated with protection against CHD. We conclude that the HDL hypothesis may need revision based on studies of HDL structure and function, but that the HDL hypothesis is not dead yet.
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Shinohata R, Shibakura M, Arao Y, Watanabe S, Hirohata S, Usui S. A high-fat/high-cholesterol diet, but not high-cholesterol alone, increases free cholesterol and apoE-rich HDL serum levels in rats and upregulates hepatic ABCA1 expression. Biochimie 2022; 197:49-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2022.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang W, Jin J, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Dong Q, Sun J, Guo Y, Dou K, Xu R, Li J. The value of HDL subfractions in predicting cardiovascular outcomes in untreated, diabetic patients with stable coronary artery disease: An age- and gender-matched case-control study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1041555. [PMID: 36714594 PMCID: PMC9877453 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1041555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to examine the value of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subfractions for predicting cardiovascular events (CVEs) in untreated type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with stable coronary artery disease (SCAD) using an age- and gender-matched case-control study. METHODS In total, 185 SCAD patients and 185 T2DM patients with SCAD were enrolled and subjected to a clinical follow-up of CVEs. HDL subfractions were analyzed using the Quantimetrix Lipoprint System. The relationship between HDL subfractions and CVEs in T2DM patients with SCAD was evaluated by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS During a median 37.7-month follow-up, T2DM patients with SCAD had a higher percentage of CVEs compared to SCAD patients (p=0.039). The concentration of the combined intermediate and small HDL-C subfraction (defined as the mixed HDL subfraction) was related to the event incidence in T2DM patients with SCAD (p=0.004), and it was positively associated with increased CVEs even after adjustment in three models. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis indicated that T2DM patients with SCAD in the high mixed HDL subfraction group (>28 mg/dL) had lower event-free survival rates (p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS Elevated concentration of the mixed HDL subfraction concentration predicts events in T2DM patients with SCAD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ruixia Xu
- *Correspondence: Ruixia Xu, ; JianJun Li,
| | - JianJun Li
- *Correspondence: Ruixia Xu, ; JianJun Li,
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66
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Tang H, Xiang Z, Li L, Shao X, Zhou Q, You X, Xiong C, Ning J, Chen T, Deng D, Zou H. Potential role of anti-inflammatory HDL subclasses in metabolic unhealth/obesity. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 49:565-575. [PMID: 34402692 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2021.1961798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles comprising heterogeneous subclasses of different functions exert anti-inflammatory effects by interacting with immune-response cells. However, the relationship of HDL subclasses with immune-response cells in metabolic unhealth/obesity has not been defined clearly. The purpose of this study was to delineate the relational changes of HDL subclasses with immune cells and inflammatory markers in metabolic unhealth/obesity to understand the role of anti-inflammatory HDL subclasses. A total of 316 participants were classified by metabolic health. HDL subclasses were detected by microfluidic chip electrophoresis. White blood cell (WBC) counts and lymphocytes were assessed using automatic haematology analyser. Levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured. In our study, not only the distribution of HDL subclasses, but also HDL-related structural proteins changed with the deterioration of metabolic disease. Moreover, lymphocytes and inflammation factors significantly gradually increased. The level of HDL2b was negatively associated with WBC, lymphocytes and hs-CRP in multivariable linear regression analysis. In multinomial logistic regression analysis, high levels of HDL3 and low levels of HDL2b increased the probability of having an unfavourable metabolic unhealth/obesity status. We supposed that HDL2b particles may play anti-inflammation by negatively regulating lymphocytes activation. HDL2b may be a therapeutic target for future metabolic disease due to the anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjuan Tang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Zhicong Xiang
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Longyu Li
- Guangdong Ardent Biomed Co. Ltd & Ardent BioMed LLC (California), Guangzhou, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofei Shao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xu You
- Department of Clinical Lab, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chongxiang Xiong
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Ning
- Department of Nephrology, Pinghu Hospital, Health Science Center, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
| | - Tong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - David Deng
- Guangdong Ardent Biomed Co. Ltd & Ardent BioMed LLC (California), Guangzhou, CA, USA
| | - Hequn Zou
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Nephrology, Pinghu Hospital, Health Science Center, South China Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, P.R. China
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67
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Zeng C, Yan C, Guo S, Zhu H, Chen Y, Zhan X. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein A1 ratio and all-cause mortality among incident peritoneal dialysis patients. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2021; 31:3457-3463. [PMID: 34656383 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The ratio of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein A1 (HAR) is associated with all-cause mortality in nonchronic kidney disease patients, but its role in predicting all-cause mortality in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) is still unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between HAR and all-cause mortality in patients with PD. METHODS AND RESULTS The medical records of 1199 patients with PD from November 1, 2005, to August 31, 2019, were collected retrospectively. The main outcome was defined as all-cause mortality. The HAR was divided into three groups by X-tile software. The association between HAR and all-cause mortality was evaluated by Cox models. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for the survival curve. The median follow-up period was 35 months (interquartile range: 20-57 months), with a total of 326 deaths recorded. After multiple adjustments, the risk of all-cause mortality in the high HAR group was 1.96-fold higher than that in the low HAR group (hazard ratio: 1.96; 95% CI, 1.22 to 3.15; P = 0.005). The restricted cubic splines showed that the risk of all-cause mortality increased gradually when HAR was >0.37. In the stratified analysis, a high HAR was linked to a high risk of all-cause mortality in males, patients under 55 years old, and patients without diabetes or cardiovascular disease (CVD). CONCLUSION This study suggests that HAR is independently related to all-cause mortality in PD patients, especially in males, patients under 55 years old, and patients without diabetes or CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfei Zeng
- Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Caixia Yan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Shan Guo
- Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Hengmei Zhu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Yanbing Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China
| | - Xiaojiang Zhan
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330006, China.
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Darabi M, Kontush A. High-density lipoproteins (HDL): Novel function and therapeutic applications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159058. [PMID: 34624514 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The failure of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-raising agents to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) together with recent findings of increased cardiovascular mortality in subjects with extremely high HDL-cholesterol levels provide new opportunities to revisit our view of HDL. The concept of HDL function developed to explain these contradictory findings has recently been expanded by a role played by HDL in the lipolysis of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRLs) by lipoprotein lipase. According to the reverse remnant-cholesterol transport (RRT) hypothesis, HDL critically contributes to TGRL lipolysis via acquirement of surface lipids, including free cholesterol, released from TGRL. Ensuing cholesterol transport to the liver with excretion into the bile may reduce cholesterol influx in the arterial wall by accelerating removal from circulation of atherogenic, cholesterol-rich TGRL remnants. Such novel function of HDL opens wide therapeutic applications to reduce CVD in statin-treated patients, which primarily involve activation of cholesterol flux upon lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Darabi
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Anatol Kontush
- National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), UMRS 1166 ICAN, Faculty of Medicine Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France.
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von Eckardstein A. High Density Lipoproteins: Is There a Comeback as a Therapeutic Target? Handb Exp Pharmacol 2021; 270:157-200. [PMID: 34463854 DOI: 10.1007/164_2021_536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Low plasma levels of High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C) are associated with increased risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In cell culture and animal models, HDL particles exert multiple potentially anti-atherogenic effects. However, drugs increasing HDL-C have failed to prevent cardiovascular endpoints. Mendelian Randomization studies neither found any genetic causality for the associations of HDL-C levels with differences in cardiovascular risk. Therefore, the causal role and, hence, utility as a therapeutic target of HDL has been questioned. However, the biomarker "HDL-C" as well as the interpretation of previous data has several important limitations: First, the inverse relationship of HDL-C with risk of ASCVD is neither linear nor continuous. Hence, neither the-higher-the-better strategies of previous drug developments nor previous linear cause-effect relationships assuming Mendelian randomization approaches appear appropriate. Second, most of the drugs previously tested do not target HDL metabolism specifically so that the futile trials question the clinical utility of the investigated drugs rather than the causal role of HDL in ASCVD. Third, the cholesterol of HDL measured as HDL-C neither exerts nor reports any HDL function. Comprehensive knowledge of structure-function-disease relationships of HDL particles and associated molecules will be a pre-requisite, to test them for their physiological and pathogenic relevance and exploit them for the diagnostic and therapeutic management of individuals at HDL-associated risk of ASCVD but also other diseases, for example diabetes, chronic kidney disease, infections, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnold von Eckardstein
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Pregnancy is accompanied by larger high density lipoprotein particles and compositionally distinct subspecies. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100107. [PMID: 34416270 PMCID: PMC8441201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy is accompanied by significant physiological changes, which can impact the health and development of the fetus and mother. Pregnancy-induced changes in plasma lipoproteins are well documented, with modest to no impact observed on the generic measure of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. However, the impact of pregnancy on the concentration and composition of HDL subspecies has not been examined in depth. In this prospective study, we collected plasma from 24 nonpregnant and 19 pregnant women in their second trimester. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), we quantified 11 different lipoprotein subspecies from plasma by size, including three in the HDL class. We observed an increase in the number of larger HDL particles in pregnant women, which were confirmed by tracking phospholipids across lipoproteins using high-resolution gel-filtration chromatography. Using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we identified 87 lipid-associated proteins across size-speciated fractions. We report drastic shifts in multiple protein clusters across different HDL size fractions in pregnant females compared with nonpregnant controls that have major implications on HDL function. These findings significantly elevate our understanding of how changes in lipoprotein metabolism during pregnancy could impact the health of both the fetus and the mother.
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Lee CK, Liao CW, Meng SW, Wu WK, Chiang JY, Wu MS. Lipids and Lipoproteins in Health and Disease: Focus on Targeting Atherosclerosis. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080985. [PMID: 34440189 PMCID: PMC8393881 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in pharmacotherapy, intervention devices and techniques, residual cardiovascular risks still cause a large burden on public health. Whilst most guidelines encourage achieving target levels of specific lipids and lipoproteins to reduce these risks, increasing evidence has shown that molecular modification of these lipoproteins also has a critical impact on their atherogenicity. Modification of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation, glycation, peroxidation, apolipoprotein C-III adhesion, and the small dense subtype largely augment its atherogenicity. Post-translational modification by oxidation, carbamylation, glycation, and imbalance of molecular components can reduce the capacity of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) for reverse cholesterol transport. Elevated levels of triglycerides (TGs), apolipoprotein C-III and lipoprotein(a), and a decreased level of apolipoprotein A-I are closely associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Pharmacotherapies aimed at reducing TGs, lipoprotein(a), and apolipoprotein C-III, and enhancing apolipoprotein A-1 are undergoing trials, and promising preliminary results have been reported. In this review, we aim to update the evidence on modifications of major lipid and lipoprotein components, including LDL, HDL, TG, apolipoprotein, and lipoprotein(a). We also discuss examples of translating findings from basic research to potential therapeutic targets for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kuo Lee
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Liao
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Wei Meng
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu 300, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Kai Wu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Jiun-Yang Chiang
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.C.); (M.-S.W.)
| | - Ming-Shiang Wu
- College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan; (C.-K.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-W.M.); (W.-K.W.)
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (J.-Y.C.); (M.-S.W.)
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Kohlmorgen C, Gerfer S, Feldmann K, Twarock S, Hartwig S, Lehr S, Klier M, Krüger I, Helten C, Keul P, Kahl S, Polzin A, Elvers M, Flögel U, Kelm M, Levkau B, Roden M, Fischer JW, Grandoch M. Dapagliflozin reduces thrombin generation and platelet activation: implications for cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1834-1849. [PMID: 34131781 PMCID: PMC8245397 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05498-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS People with diabetes have an increased cardiovascular risk with an accelerated development of atherosclerosis and an elevated mortality rate after myocardial infarction. Therefore, cardioprotective effects of glucose-lowering therapies are of major importance for the pharmacotherapy of individuals with type 2 diabetes. For sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), in addition to a reduction in blood glucose, beneficial effects on atherosclerosis, obesity, renal function and blood pressure have been observed. Recent results showed a reduced risk of worsening heart failure and cardiovascular deaths under dapagliflozin treatment irrespective of the diabetic state. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet unknown. Platelets are known drivers of atherosclerosis and atherothrombosis and disturbed platelet activation has also been suggested to occur in type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the present study investigates the impact of the SGLT2i dapagliflozin on the interplay between platelets and inflammation in atherogenesis. METHODS Male, 8-week-old LDL-receptor-deficient (Ldlr-/-) mice received a high-fat, high-sucrose diabetogenic diet supplemented without (control) or with dapagliflozin (5 mg/kg body weight per day) for two time periods: 8 and 25 weeks. In a first translational approach, eight healthy volunteers received 10 mg dapagliflozin/day for 4 weeks. RESULTS Dapagliflozin treatment ameliorated atherosclerotic lesion development, reduced circulating platelet-leucocyte aggregates (glycoprotein [GP]Ib+CD45+: 29.40 ± 5.94 vs 17.00 ± 5.69 cells, p < 0.01; GPIb+lymphocyte antigen 6 complex, locus G+ (Ly6G): 8.00 ± 2.45 vs 4.33 ± 1.75 cells, p < 0.05) and decreased aortic macrophage infiltration (1.31 ± 0.62 vs 0.70 ± 0.58 ×103 cells/aorta, p < 0.01). Deeper analysis revealed that dapagliflozin decreased activated CD62P-positive platelets in Ldlr-/- mice fed a diabetogenic diet (3.78 ± 1.20% vs 2.83 ± 1.06%, p < 0.01) without affecting bleeding time (85.29 ± 37.27 vs 89.25 ± 16.26 s, p = 0.78). While blood glucose was only moderately affected, dapagliflozin further reduced endogenous thrombin generation (581.4 ± 194.6 nmol/l × min) × 10-9 thrombin vs 254.1 ± 106.4 (nmol/l × min) × 10-9 thrombin), thereby decreasing one of the most important platelet activators. We observed a direct inhibitory effect of dapagliflozin on isolated platelets. In addition, dapagliflozin increased HDL-cholesterol levels. Importantly, higher HDL-cholesterol levels (1.70 ± 0.58 vs 3.15 ± 1.67 mmol/l, p < 0.01) likely contribute to dapagliflozin-mediated inhibition of platelet activation and thrombin generation. Accordingly, in line with the results in mice, treatment with dapagliflozin lowered CD62P-positive platelet counts in humans after stimulation by collagen-related peptide (CRP; 88.13 ± 5.37% of platelets vs 77.59 ± 10.70%, p < 0.05) or thrombin receptor activator peptide-6 (TRAP-6; 44.23 ± 15.54% vs 28.96 ± 11.41%, p < 0.01) without affecting haemostasis. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We demonstrate that dapagliflozin-mediated atheroprotection in mice is driven by elevated HDL-cholesterol and ameliorated thrombin-platelet-mediated inflammation without interfering with haemostasis. This glucose-independent mechanism likely contributes to dapagliflozin's beneficial cardiovascular risk profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kohlmorgen
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Stephen Gerfer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Heart Center, University Hospital of Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathrin Feldmann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sören Twarock
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sonja Hartwig
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Lehr
- Institute for Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at the Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Meike Klier
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Irena Krüger
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Carolin Helten
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Petra Keul
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sabine Kahl
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amin Polzin
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Margitta Elvers
- Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Experimental Vascular Medicine, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulrich Flögel
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Experimental Cardiovascular Imaging, Institute of Molecular Cardiology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Malte Kelm
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Division of Cardiology, Pulmonology, and Vascular Medicine Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Bodo Levkau
- Institute for Molecular Medicine III and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens W Fischer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Maria Grandoch
- Institute of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute Düsseldorf (CARID), Medical Faculty and University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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73
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High-Density Lipoprotein Subfractions: Much Ado about Nothing or Clinically Important? Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9070836. [PMID: 34356900 PMCID: PMC8301429 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9070836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogenous group of plasma molecules with a large variety in composition. There is a wide specter in lipid content and the number of different proteins that has been associated with HDL is approaching 100. Given this heterogeneity and the fact that the total amount of HDL is inversely related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), there has been increasing interest in the function of specific HDL subgroups and in what way measuring and quantifying these subgroups could be of clinical importance in determining individual CHD risk. If certain subgroups appear to be more protective than others, it may also in the future be possible to pharmacologically increase beneficial and decrease harmful subgroups in order to reduce CHD risk. In this review we give a short historical perspective, summarize some of the recent clinical findings regarding HDL subclassifications and discuss why such classification may or may not be of clinical relevance.
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Zhao F, Yang R, Maimaitiaili R, Tang J, Zhao S, Xiong J, Teliewubai J, Chi C, Blacher J, Li J, Xu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang Y, Li W. Cardiac, Macro-, and Micro-Circulatory Abnormalities in Association With Individual Metabolic Syndrome Component: The Northern Shanghai Study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:690521. [PMID: 34307503 PMCID: PMC8298861 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.690521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the association of metabolic syndrome (MS) and its components with cardiac, macro-, and micro-circulatory abnormalities in an elderly Chinese population. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted using data for 1,958 participants from the Northern Shanghai Study aged over 65 years without a history of cardiovascular disease. MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III in 2005 (NCEPIII 2005). Asymptomatic cardiovascular impairment parameters, including the left ventricle mass index (LVMI), peak transmitral pulsed Doppler velocity/early diastolic tissue Doppler velocity (E/Ea), carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), arterial plaque, and urinary albumin–creatinine rate (UACR), were evaluated. Results: LVMI, E/Ea, cf-PWV, and the proportion of UACR > 30 mg/g exhibited increasing trends while ABI exhibited a decreasing trend according to the number of MS components (all p for trend < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis revealed that MS was significantly associated with LV hypertrophy (LVH), LV diastolic dysfunction, arteriosclerosis, and microalbuminuria (all p < 0.001). Central obesity and high blood pressure were associated with all cardiovascular abnormalities (all p < 0.05), whereas elevated plasma glucose was associated with arteriosclerosis and microalbuminuria (both p < 0.001). In addition, high triglyceride levels were associated with microalbuminuria (p < 0.05). Conclusions: MS is significantly associated with cardiac, macro-, and micro-circulatory abnormalities in elderly Chinese. Moreover, the presence of individual MS components may have specific prognostic significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rusitanmujiang Maimaitiaili
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiamin Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiadela Teliewubai
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chi
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacques Blacher
- Paris Descartes University, AP-HP, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Center, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, France
| | - Jue Li
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawei Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Shanghai Putuo People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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75
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Veerman RE, Teeuwen L, Czarnewski P, Güclüler Akpinar G, Sandberg A, Cao X, Pernemalm M, Orre LM, Gabrielsson S, Eldh M. Molecular evaluation of five different isolation methods for extracellular vesicles reveals different clinical applicability and subcellular origin. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12128. [PMID: 34322205 PMCID: PMC8298890 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are increasingly tested as therapeutic vehicles and biomarkers, but still EV subtypes are not fully characterised. To isolate EVs with few co-isolated entities, a combination of methods is needed. However, this is time-consuming and requires large sample volumes, often not feasible in most clinical studies or in studies where small sample volumes are available. Therefore, we compared EVs rendered by five commonly used methods based on different principles from conditioned cell medium and 250 μl or 3 ml plasma, that is, precipitation (ExoQuick ULTRA), membrane affinity (exoEasy Maxi Kit), size-exclusion chromatography (qEVoriginal), iodixanol gradient (OptiPrep), and phosphatidylserine affinity (MagCapture). EVs were characterised by electron microscopy, Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis, Bioanalyzer, flow cytometry, and LC-MS/MS. The different methods yielded samples of different morphology, particle size, and proteomic profile. For the conditioned medium, Izon 35 isolated the highest number of EV proteins followed by exoEasy, which also isolated fewer non-EV proteins. For the plasma samples, exoEasy isolated a high number of EV proteins and few non-EV proteins, while Izon 70 isolated the most EV proteins. We conclude that no method is perfect for all studies, rather, different methods are suited depending on sample type and interest in EV subtype, in addition to sample volume and budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne E. Veerman
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Loes Teeuwen
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Science for Life LaboratoryDepartment of Biochemistry and BiophysicsNational Bioinformatics Infrastructure SwedenStockholm UniversitySolnaSweden
| | - Gözde Güclüler Akpinar
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - AnnSofi Sandberg
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Xiaofang Cao
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Maria Pernemalm
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Lukas M. Orre
- Department of Oncology and PathologyKarolinska InstitutetScience for Life LaboratorySolnaSweden
| | - Susanne Gabrielsson
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - Maria Eldh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine and Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine SolnaKarolinska University Hospital and Karolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
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76
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Phillips W, Willms E, Hill AF. Understanding extracellular vesicle and nanoparticle heterogeneity: Novel methods and considerations. Proteomics 2021; 21:e2000118. [PMID: 33857352 PMCID: PMC8365743 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202000118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a heterogeneous population of membrane-enclosed nanoparticles released by cells. They play a role in intercellular communication and are involved in numerous physiological and pathological processes. Cells release subpopulations of EVs with distinct composition and inherent biological function which overlap in size. Current size-based isolation methods are, therefore, not optimal to discriminate between functional EV subpopulations. In addition, EVs overlap in size with several other biological nanoparticles, such as lipoproteins and viruses. Proteomic analysis has allowed for more detailed study of EV composition, and EV isolation approaches based on this could provide a promising alternative for purification based on size. Elucidating EV heterogeneity and the characteristics and role of EV subpopulations will advance our understanding of EV biology and the role of EVs in health and disease. Here, we discuss current knowledge of EV composition, EV heterogeneity and advances in affinity based EV isolation tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Phillips
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Eduard Willms
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew F. Hill
- Department of Biochemistry and GeneticsLa Trobe Institute for Molecular ScienceLa Trobe UniversityBundooraVictoriaAustralia
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77
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Dias GD, Cartolano FC, Freitas MCP, Santa-Helena E, Markus MRP, Santos RD, Damasceno NRT. Adiponectin predicts the antioxidant capacity and size of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in individuals with diabetes mellitus. J Diabetes Complications 2021; 35:107856. [PMID: 33627254 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2021.107856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The relationship between adiponectin and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is established; however the evidence on its role in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality is still scant. The aim of this study was to assess the association of adiponectin with HDL functionality especially on the antioxidant capacity and HDL subfractions in individuals with T2DM. METHODS This case-control study enrolled 356 individuals who were divided into two groups: diabetics [T2DM (n = 188)] and non-diabetic [nT2DM (n = 168)]. The association of adiponectin level on HDL functionality parameters was done in function of the cut-off point for adiponectin [percentile p < 75 = 12.9 μg/mL versus p ≥ 75 = 12.9 μg/mL] and multiple adjustments applied in the logistic regression models. RESULTS Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and body fat mass (FM) were higher in T2DM. The larger HDL particles (HDLLARGE) were lower in T2DM group in comparison with nT2DM (28.20% versus 30.40%; p = 0.016). Individuals with T2DM and simultaneous highest adiponectin (p ≥ 75) had 2.25 OR (95% CI = 1.03-4.91) and 5.14 OR (95% CI = 2.37-11.15) to present higher HDL-C and HDLLARGE concentrations. After adjustment for multiple confounders, high level of adiponectin was independently related with improvement of the HDL antioxidant capacity (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.16-6.67). CONCLUSIONS High adiponectin level associates with a lesser negative impact of T2DM on HDL functionality by increase in APO AI, particles size, and cholesterol content. On the same token, higher adiponectin was associated with greater odds to have high antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Dias
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - F C Cartolano
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C P Freitas
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M R P Markus
- Universitatsklinikum Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R D Santos
- Lipid Clinic, Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital (HC-FMUSP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N R T Damasceno
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public Health, University of Sao Paulo (FSP-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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78
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Sawalha K, Kamoga G. Extremely high high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with coronary artery disease: Case report. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04092. [PMID: 34026136 PMCID: PMC8122131 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether this extremely high high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level due to chronic alcohol abuse or cholesteryl ester transfer protein or others, we report this interesting case of extremely high high-density lipoprotein to emphasize that serum HDL is not always protective from development of coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sawalha
- Internal Medicine DivisionWhite River Health SystemBatesvilleARUSA
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79
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Davidson WS, Cooke AL, Swertfeger DK, Shah AS. The Difference Between High Density Lipoprotein Subfractions and Subspecies: an Evolving Model in Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2021; 23:23. [PMID: 33772657 DOI: 10.1007/s11883-021-00925-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The term high density lipoproteins (HDL) refers to an eclectic collection of subparticles that play diverse roles in physiology. Here, we define the term "HDL subspecies" and review recent work on their molecular characterization and relation to disease, focusing on cardiovascular disease and diabetes. RECENT FINDINGS The HDL family contains over 200 proteins and nearly 200 lipids that partition into different particles in plasma. Simple subfractionation of HDL based on a particular physicochemical property has not risen to the challenge of revealing the roles of specific particles in disease. However, by targeting minor protein or lipid components, a handful of compositionally defined HDL subspecies have been described and characterized. By combining targeted particle isolation techniques with the power of large human studies, progress is being made in understanding HDL subspecies functions and implications for disease. However, much work remains before these advancements can be translated into disease mitigation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Sean Davidson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45237, USA.
| | | | - Debi K Swertfeger
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 45229, USA
| | - Amy S Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, 45229, USA
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80
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Yubero-Serrano EM, Alcalá-Diaz JF, Gutierrez-Mariscal FM, Arenas-de Larriva AP, Peña-Orihuela PJ, Blanco-Rojo R, Martinez-Botas J, Torres-Peña JD, Perez-Martinez P, Ordovas JM, Delgado-Lista J, Gómez-Coronado D, Lopez-Miranda J. Association between cholesterol efflux capacity and peripheral artery disease in coronary heart disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes: from the CORDIOPREV study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:72. [PMID: 33766036 PMCID: PMC7993540 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01260-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is recognized as a significant predictor of mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). In fact, coexisting PAD and CHD is strongly associated with a greater coronary event recurrence compared with either one of them alone. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-mediated cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) is found to be inversely associated with an increased risk of incident CHD. However, this association is not established in patients with PAD in the context of secondary prevention. In this sense, our main aim was to evaluate the association between CEC and PAD in patients with CHD and whether the concurrent presence of PAD and T2DM influences this association. Methods CHD patients (n = 1002) from the CORDIOPREV study were classified according to the presence or absence of PAD (ankle-brachial index, ABI ≤ 0.9 and ABI > 0.9 and < 1.4, respectively) and T2DM status. CEC was quantified by incubation of cholesterol-loaded THP-1 cells with the participants' apoB-depleted plasma was performed. Results The presence of PAD determined low CEC in non-T2DM and newly-diagnosed T2DM patients. Coexisting PAD and newly-diagnosed T2DM provided and additive effect providing an impaired CEC compared to non-T2DM patients with PAD. In established T2DM patients, the presence of PAD did not determine differences in CEC, compared to those without PAD, which may be restored by glucose-lowering treatment. Conclusions Our findings suggest an inverse relationship between CEC and PAD in CHD patients. These results support the importance of identifying underlying mechanisms of PAD, in the context of secondary prevention, that provide potential therapeutic targets, that is the case of CEC, and establishing strategies to prevent or reduce the high risk of cardiovascular events of these patients. Trial registrationhttps://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00924937. Unique Identifier: NCT00924937![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena M Yubero-Serrano
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Juan F Alcalá-Diaz
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco M Gutierrez-Mariscal
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio P Arenas-de Larriva
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia J Peña-Orihuela
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Blanco-Rojo
- Research and Development Department, Biosearch Life, Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Martinez-Botas
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry-Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose D Torres-Peña
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Perez-Martinez
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Ordovas
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.,IMDEA-Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Delgado-Lista
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry-Research, Hospital Universitario Ramón Y Cajal, Instituto Ramón Y Cajal de Investigacion Sanitaria (IRyCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Lopez-Miranda
- Lipids and Atherosclerosis Unit. Servicio de Medicina Interna, Reina Sofia University Hospital, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research in Córdoba, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain. .,CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Ahmed MO, Byrne RE, Pazderska A, Segurado R, Guo W, Gunness A, Frizelle I, Sherlock M, Ahmed KS, McGowan A, Moore K, Boran G, McGillicuddy FC, Gibney J. HDL particle size is increased and HDL-cholesterol efflux is enhanced in type 1 diabetes: a cross-sectional study. Diabetologia 2021; 64:656-667. [PMID: 33169205 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The prevalence of atherosclerosis is increased in type 1 diabetes despite normal-to-high HDL-cholesterol levels. The cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL is a better predictor of cardiovascular events than static HDL-cholesterol. This cross-sectional study addressed the hypothesis that impaired HDL function contributes to enhanced CVD risk within type 1 diabetes. METHODS We compared HDL particle size and concentration (by NMR), total CEC, ATP-binding cassette subfamily A, member 1 (ABCA1)-dependent CEC and ABCA1-independent CEC (by determining [3H]cholesterol efflux from J774-macrophages to ApoB-depleted serum), and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in 100 individuals with type 1 diabetes (37.6 ± 1.2 years; BMI 26.9 ± 0.5 kg/m2) and 100 non-diabetic participants (37.7 ± 1.1 years; 27.1 ± 0.5 kg/m2). RESULTS Compared with non-diabetic participants, total HDL particle concentration was lower (mean ± SD 31.01 ± 8.66 vs 34.33 ± 8.04 μmol/l [mean difference (MD) -3.32 μmol/l]) in participants with type 1 diabetes. However, large HDL particle concentration was greater (9.36 ± 3.98 vs 6.99 ± 4.05 μmol/l [MD +2.37 μmol/l]), resulting in increased mean HDL particle size (9.82 ± 0.57 vs 9.44 ± 0.56 nm [MD +0.38 nm]) (p < 0.05 for all). Total CEC (14.57 ± 2.47%CEC/4 h vs 12.26 ± 3.81%CEC/4 h [MD +2.31%CEC/4 h]) was greater in participants with type 1 diabetes relative to non-diabetic participants. Increased HDL particle size was independently associated with increased total CEC; however, following adjustment for this in multivariable analysis, CEC remained greater in participants with type 1 diabetes. Both components of CEC, ABCA1-dependent (6.10 ± 2.41%CEC/4 h vs 5.22 ± 2.57%CEC/4 h [MD +0.88%CEC/4 h]) and ABCA1-independent (8.47 ± 1.79% CEC/4 h vs 7.05 ± 1.76% CEC/4 h [MD +1.42% CEC/4 h]) CEC, were greater in type 1 diabetes but the increase in ABCA1-dependent CEC was less marked and not statistically significant in multivariable analysis. CIMT was increased in participants with type 1 diabetes but in multivariable analysis it was only associated negatively with age and BMI. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION HDL particle size but not HDL-cholesterol level is independently associated with enhanced total CEC. HDL particle size is greater in individuals with type 1 diabetes but even after adjusting for this, total and ABCA1-independent CEC are enhanced in type 1 diabetes. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms underlying these effects, and whether they help attenuate progression of atherosclerosis in this high-risk group. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad O Ahmed
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rachel E Byrne
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Agnieszka Pazderska
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ricardo Segurado
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy, and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Weili Guo
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anjuli Gunness
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isolda Frizelle
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Sherlock
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Khalid S Ahmed
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anne McGowan
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Kevin Moore
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Boran
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona C McGillicuddy
- Diabetes Complications Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - James Gibney
- Robert Graves Institute of Endocrinology, Tallaght University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
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Minami-Takano A, Iwata H, Miyosawa K, Shiozawa T, Hayashi H, Funamizu T, Ishii K, Nozaki Y, Tabuchi H, Sekita G, Shimada K, Sumiyoshi M, Nakazato Y, Daida H, Minamino T. The association between impairment of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity and atrial remodeling in atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3547. [PMID: 33574408 PMCID: PMC7878912 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82998-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This cross-sectional study enrolled 202 patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) who had undergone catheter ablation and evaluated the association between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) functionality, cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of HDL, and the pathophysiology of left atrial structural remodeling. Participants were divided into two groups, based on their left atrial volume index (LAVI) (< 34 mL/m2, n = 60 vs. LAVI ≥ 34 mL/m2, n = 142). We quantified three types of HDL CECs by the presence or absence of cyclic-AMP, as entire, and CEC dependent or not dependent on ATP binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) and termed them Global CEC, ABCA1 CEC, and Non-ABCA1 CEC, respectively. Consequently, Global and Non-ABCA1 CECs were significantly impaired in patients with an enlarged LA (Global CEC: p = 0.039, Non-ABCA1 CEC: p = 0.022). Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that Non-ABCA1 CEC was significantly associated with an enlarged LA after adjusting for the conventional risk factors of AF. Furthermore, the association of higher Non-ABCA1 CEC with an enlarged LA was independent of serum levels of HDL cholesterol and serum myeloperoxidase (Odds ratio of 1 standard deviation higher: 0.64, 95% confidence interval: 0.43–0.95, p = 0.027). The findings of this study indicate the potential contribution of reduced Non-ABCA1 CEC in HDL to the pathophysiology in left atrial structural remodeling of patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Minami-Takano
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Clinical Engineering, Juntendo University Hospital, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwata
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Miyosawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Tokyo New Drug Research Laboratories, Kowa Company, Ltd, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Shiozawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidemori Hayashi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiro Funamizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kai Ishii
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yui Nozaki
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruna Tabuchi
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gaku Sekita
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimada
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masataka Sumiyoshi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Nerima Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Nakazato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Daida
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tohru Minamino
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development-Core Research for Evolutionary Medical Science and Technology (AMED-CREST), Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
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83
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Singh SA, Andraski AB, Higashi H, Lee LH, Ramsaroop A, Sacks FM, Aikawa M. Metabolism of PLTP, CETP, and LCAT on multiple HDL sizes using the Orbitrap Fusion Lumos. JCI Insight 2021; 6:143526. [PMID: 33351780 PMCID: PMC7934878 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.143526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent in vivo tracer studies demonstrated that targeted mass spectrometry (MS) on the Q Exactive Orbitrap could determine the metabolism of HDL proteins 100s-fold less abundant than apolipoprotein A1 (APOA1). In this study, we demonstrate that the Orbitrap Lumos can measure tracer in proteins whose abundances are 1000s-fold less than APOA1, specifically the lipid transfer proteins phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP), cholesterol ester transfer protein (CETP), and lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT). Relative to the Q Exactive, the Lumos improved tracer detection by reducing tracer enrichment compression, thereby providing consistent enrichment data across multiple HDL sizes from 6 participants. We determined by compartmental modeling that PLTP is secreted in medium and large HDL (alpha2, alpha1, and alpha0) and is transferred from medium to larger sizes during circulation from where it is catabolized. CETP is secreted mainly in alpha1 and alpha2 and remains in these sizes during circulation. LCAT is secreted mainly in medium and small HDL (alpha2, alpha3, prebeta). Unlike PLTP and CETP, LCAT’s appearance on HDL is markedly delayed, indicating that LCAT may reside for a time outside of systemic circulation before attaching to HDL in plasma. The determination of these lipid transfer proteins’ unique metabolic structures was possible due to advances in MS technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasha A Singh
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison B Andraski
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hideyuki Higashi
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lang Ho Lee
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ashisha Ramsaroop
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Frank M Sacks
- Department of Nutrition and Department of Molecular Metabolism, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, and
| | - Masanori Aikawa
- Center for Interdisciplinary Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, and.,Center for Excellence in Vascular Biology, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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84
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Yang HS, Hur M, Kim H, Kim SJ, Shin S, Di Somma S. HDL Subclass Analysis in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Koreans With High HDL Cholesterol Levels. Ann Lab Med 2020; 40:297-305. [PMID: 32067428 PMCID: PMC7054694 DOI: 10.3343/alm.2020.40.4.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) is a complex mixture of subclasses with heterogeneous atheroprotective activities. We analyzed HDL-C subclass in relation to cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in a population with high HDL-C levels. Methods A total of 300 Korean individuals with high HDL-C levels (≥2.331 mmol/L) were enrolled following a comprehensive general medical examination including body composition analysis. HDL3-C levels were measured using the HDL3-EX SEIKEN kit (Randox Ltd., Crumlin, UK) and non-HDL3-C levels were calculated by subtracting HDL3-C levels from total HDL-C levels. Results HDL3-C levels and HDL3-C proportion had a weak positive correlation with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides (r=0.21, r=0.25; r=0.26, r=0.34, respectively, all P<0.001); in contrast, non-HDL3-C levels had a weak negative correlation with these parameters (r=−0.17 and r=−0.25, respectively, both P<0.005). HDL3-C levels and HDL3-C proportion were significantly higher in the MetS group (N=8) than in the non-MetS group (0.71 vs 0.63 mmol/L, P=0.001; 29.7 vs 25.8%, P=0.001, respectively); these were the only predictors of MetS among the lipid variables (areas under the curves [AUC]=0.84 and 0.83, respectively, both P=0.001). Conclusions In populations with high HDL-C levels, HDL-C subclass may provide a greater amount of information on cardiovascular risk and MetS than HDL-C levels alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Suk Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Hur
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hanah Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Jong Kim
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sojung Shin
- Research Coordinating Center, Konkuk University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Salvatore Di Somma
- Department of Medical-Surgery Sciences and Translational Medicine, University La Sapienza Rome, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
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85
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Engelbrecht E, MacRae CA, Hla T. Lysolipids in Vascular Development, Biology, and Disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2020; 41:564-584. [PMID: 33327749 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.305565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Membrane phospholipid metabolism forms lysophospholipids, which possess unique biochemical and biophysical properties that influence membrane structure and dynamics. However, lysophospholipids also function as ligands for G-protein-coupled receptors that influence embryonic development, postnatal physiology, and disease. The 2 most well-studied species-lysophosphatidic acid and S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate)-are particularly relevant to vascular development, physiology, and cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes the role of lysophosphatidic acid and S1P in vascular developmental processes, endothelial cell biology, and their roles in cardiovascular disease processes. In addition, we also point out the apparent connections between lysophospholipid biology and the Wnt (int/wingless family) pathway, an evolutionarily conserved fundamental developmental signaling system. The discovery that components of the lysophospholipid signaling system are key genetic determinants of cardiovascular disease has warranted current and future research in this field. As pharmacological approaches to modulate lysophospholipid signaling have entered the clinical sphere, new findings in this field promise to influence novel therapeutic strategies in cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Engelbrecht
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Calum A MacRae
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Medicine (C.A.M.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy Hla
- Vascular Biology Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Department of Surgery (E.E., T.H.), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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86
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El Khoudary SR, Aggarwal B, Beckie TM, Hodis HN, Johnson AE, Langer RD, Limacher MC, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, Allison MA. Menopause Transition and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: Implications for Timing of Early Prevention: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2020; 142:e506-e532. [PMID: 33251828 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000000912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 377] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in women, who have a notable increase in the risk for this disease after menopause and typically develop coronary heart disease several years later than men. This observation led to the hypothesis that the menopause transition (MT) contributes to the increase in coronary heart disease risk. Over the past 20 years, longitudinal studies of women traversing menopause have contributed significantly to our understanding of the relationship between the MT and CVD risk. By following women over this period, researchers have been able to disentangle chronological and ovarian aging with respect to CVD risk. These studies have documented distinct patterns of sex hormone changes, as well as adverse alterations in body composition, lipids and lipoproteins, and measures of vascular health over the MT, which can increase a woman's risk of developing CVD postmenopausally. The reported findings underline the significance of the MT as a time of accelerating CVD risk, thereby emphasizing the importance of monitoring women's health during midlife, a critical window for implementing early intervention strategies to reduce CVD risk. Notably, the 2011 American Heart Association guidelines for CVD prevention in women (the latest sex-specific guidelines to date) did not include information now available about the contribution of the MT to increased CVD in women. Therefore, there is a crucial need to discuss the contemporary literature on menopause and CVD risk with the intent of increasing awareness of the significant adverse cardiometabolic health-related changes accompanying midlife and the MT. This scientific statement provides an up-to-date synthesis of the existing data on the MT and how it relates to CVD.
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87
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Negi P, Heikkilä T, Tallgren T, Malmi P, Lund J, Sinisalo J, Metso J, Jauhiainen M, Pettersson K, Lamminmäki U, Lövgren J. Three two-site apoA-I immunoassays using phage expressed detector antibodies - Preliminary clinical evaluation with cardiac patients. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 194:113772. [PMID: 33309125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
High density lipoproteins (HDL) are a heterogenous group of subpopulations differing in protein/lipid composition and in their anti-atherogenic function. There is a lack of specific and robust assays which can target the functionality of HDL with respect to atherosclerosis. With recently generated CAD HDL targeted, single chain recombinant antibodies (scFvs) we set out to design and optimize apo A-I tests to compare it with conventional HDL-C and apo A-I analyses for diagnosis and risk assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its outcome. Three highly sensitive two-site apo A-I assays: 022-454, 109-121 and 110-525 were optimized. A preliminary clinical evaluation of these assays, after proper sample dilution procedure, was performed using samples derived from 195 chest pain patients (myocardial infarction (MI), n = 86 and non-MI, n = 109), collected at the time of admission and at discharge from hospital (hospital stay ≤ 24 h). The clinical performance of the assays was compared with apo A-I measured with polyclonal anti-apo A-I antibody using conventional ELISA. Apo A-I data was in addition compared with HDL-C concentration of the samples. The concentration of apo A-I was significantly lower in MI patients than in non-MI individuals with assay 022-454 (admission and discharge samples, P < 0.0001 and = 0.004); assay 109-121 (admission and discharge samples, P = 0.04 and 0.0009), and, ELISA based apo A-I test (admission and discharge samples, P = 0.008 and < 0.0001). HDL-C (admission and discharge samples, P = 0.002 and P = 0.01) was also significantly lower in MI patients. In Kaplan- Meier analysis, two-site assay 109-121 assay predicted mortality from admission samples at 1.5 yrs (whole cohort, P = 0.01 and in MI patients, P = 0.05) and at 6 months (whole cohort, P = 0.04). Assay 110-525 predicted mortality at 1.5 yrs from admission samples of non-MI patients (P = 0.01) and at 6 months from whole discharge sample cohort (P = 0.04). Polyclonal anti-apo A-I based conventional assay predicted mortality at 1.5 yrs from admission samples of whole cohort (P = 0.03). Two-site apo A-I assay 022-454 and HDL-C provided no capability of predicting mortality in the whole cohort or any sub-group. In conclusion, two of the tested recombinant apo A-I antibody combinations (sc 109-121 and sc 110-525) display promising outcome to improve diagnosis and prediction of future cardiac events in cardiac patients over polyclonal apo A-I ELISA and HDL-C assays. The noted differences, while interesting, are preliminary and need however to be verified in extensive cohorts of pathological cardiac conditions and healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Negi
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Taina Heikkilä
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Terhi Tallgren
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Päivi Malmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Juha Lund
- Heart Center, Turku University Hospital, Finland
| | - Juha Sinisalo
- Heart and Lung Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Metso
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Genomics and Biomarkers Unit, Biomedicum, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kim Pettersson
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Urpo Lamminmäki
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Janita Lövgren
- Department of Biochemistry, Division of Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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88
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Kudinov VA, Alekseeva OY, Torkhovskaya TI, Baskaev KK, Artyushev RI, Saburina IN, Markin SS. High-Density Lipoproteins as Homeostatic Nanoparticles of Blood Plasma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8737. [PMID: 33228032 PMCID: PMC7699323 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that blood lipoproteins (LPs) are multimolecular complexes of lipids and proteins that play a crucial role in lipid transport. High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are a class of blood plasma LPs that mediate reverse cholesterol transport (RCT)-cholesterol transport from the peripheral tissues to the liver. Due to this ability to promote cholesterol uptake from cell membranes, HDL possess antiatherogenic properties. This function was first observed at the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s, resulting in high interest in this class of LPs. It was shown that HDL are the prevalent class of LPs in several types of living organisms (from fishes to monkeys) with high resistance to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disorders. Lately, understanding of the mechanisms of the antiatherogenic properties of HDL has significantly expanded. Besides the contribution to RCT, HDL have been shown to modulate inflammatory processes, blood clotting, and vasomotor responses. These particles also possess antioxidant properties and contribute to immune reactions and intercellular signaling. Herein, we review data on the structure and mechanisms of the pleiotropic biological functions of HDL from the point of view of their evolutionary role and complex dynamic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasily A. Kudinov
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Developmental Pathology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Olga Yu. Alekseeva
- Cell Physiology Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, 123007 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry, People’s Friendship University (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana I. Torkhovskaya
- Laboratory of Phospholipid Transport Systems and Nanomedicines, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Konstantin K. Baskaev
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Rafael I. Artyushev
- Experimental Drug Research and Production Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (K.K.B.); (R.I.A.)
| | - Irina N. Saburina
- Laboratory of Cell Biology and Developmental Pathology, FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Sergey S. Markin
- Clinical Research Department, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 119121 Moscow, Russia;
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89
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Shinohata R, Shiga Y, Miura SI, Hirohata S, Shibakura M, Ueno-Iio T, Watanabe S, Arao Y, Usui S. Low plasma apolipoprotein E-rich high-density lipoprotein levels in patients with metabolic syndrome. Clin Chim Acta 2020; 510:531-536. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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90
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Zheng KH, Kaiser Y, van Olden CC, Santos RD, Dasseux JL, Genest J, Gaudet D, Westerink J, Keyserling C, Verberne HJ, Leitersdorf E, Hegele RA, Descamps OS, Hopkins P, Nederveen AJ, Stroes ES. No benefit of HDL mimetic CER-001 on carotid atherosclerosis in patients with genetically determined very low HDL levels. Atherosclerosis 2020; 311:13-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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91
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Dergunov AD, Litvinov DY, Malkov AA, Baserova VB, Nosova EV, Dergunova LV. Denaturation of human plasma high-density lipoproteins by urea studied by apolipoprotein A-I dissociation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2020; 1866:158814. [PMID: 32961276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2020.158814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We studied the mechanism of HDL denaturation with concomitant apoA-I dissociation with HDL preparations from 48 patients with a wide range of plasma HDL-C and evaluated the contribution of lipid-free apoA-I into cholesterol efflux from macrophage, in particular, mediated by cholesterol transporter ABCA1. We prepared HDL by precipitation of apoB-containing lipoproteins by polyethylene glycol and used the chaotropic agent urea to denature HDL preparations. Apo-I dissociation from urea-treated HDL was assessed by the increase of preβ-band fraction with agarose gel electrophoresis followed by electro transfer and immunodetection and by the increase of ABCA1-mediated efflux of fluorescent analogue BODIPY-Cholesterol from RAW 264.7 macrophages. The HDL denaturation is governed by a single transition to fully dissociated apoA-I and the transition cooperativity decreases with increasing HDL-C. The apoA-I release depends on phospholipid concentration of HDL preparation and HDL compositional and structural heterogeneity and is well described by apolipoprotein partition between aqueous and lipid phases. Dissociated apoA-I determines the increase of ABCA1-mediated efflux of BODIPY-Cholesterol from RAW 264.7 macrophages to patient HDL. The increase in apoA-I dissociation is associated with the increase of ABCA1 gene transcript in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients. The low level of plasma HDL particles may be compensated by their increased potency for apoA-I release, thus suggesting apoA-I dissociation as a new HDL functional property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander D Dergunov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry Y Litvinov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Artem A Malkov
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Veronika B Baserova
- Laboratory of Structural Fundamentals of Lipoprotein Metabolism, National Research Centre for Preventive Medicine, Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena V Nosova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Liudmila V Dergunova
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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92
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He Y, Ronsein GE, Tang C, Jarvik GP, Davidson WS, Kothari V, Song HD, Segrest JP, Bornfeldt KE, Heinecke JW. Diabetes Impairs Cellular Cholesterol Efflux From ABCA1 to Small HDL Particles. Circ Res 2020; 127:1198-1210. [PMID: 32819213 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.120.317178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE HDL (high-density lipoprotein) may be cardioprotective because it accepts cholesterol from macrophages via the cholesterol transport proteins ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter A1) and ABCG1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter G1). The ABCA1-specific cellular cholesterol efflux capacity (ABCA1 CEC) of HDL strongly and negatively associates with cardiovascular disease risk, but how diabetes mellitus impacts that step is unclear. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that HDL's cholesterol efflux capacity is impaired in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed a case-control study with 19 subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 control subjects. Three sizes of HDL particles, small HDL, medium HDL, and large HDL, were isolated by high-resolution size exclusion chromatography from study subjects. Then we assessed the ABCA1 CEC of equimolar concentrations of particles. Small HDL accounted for almost all of ABCA1 CEC activity of HDL. ABCA1 CEC-but not ABCG1 CEC-of small HDL was lower in the subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus than the control subjects. Isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated that the concentration of SERPINA1 (serpin family A member 1) in small HDL was also lower in subjects with diabetes mellitus. Enriching small HDL with SERPINA1 enhanced ABCA1 CEC. Structural analysis of SERPINA1 identified 3 amphipathic α-helices clustered in the N-terminal domain of the protein; biochemical analyses demonstrated that SERPINA1 binds phospholipid vesicles. CONCLUSIONS The ABCA1 CEC of small HDL is selectively impaired in type 2 diabetes mellitus, likely because of lower levels of SERPINA1. SERPINA1 contains a cluster of amphipathic α-helices that enable apolipoproteins to bind phospholipid and promote ABCA1 activity. Thus, impaired ABCA1 activity of small HDL particles deficient in SERPINA1 could increase cardiovascular disease risk in subjects with diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | | | - Chongren Tang
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - W Sean Davidson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, OH (W.S.D.)
| | - Vishal Kothari
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Hyun D Song
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Jere P Segrest
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN (H.D.S., J.P.S.)
| | - Karin E Bornfeldt
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
| | - Jay W Heinecke
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle (Y.H., C.T., G.P.J., V.K., K.E.B., J.W.H.)
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Yang L, Li T. LncRNA TUG1 regulates ApoM to promote atherosclerosis progression through miR-92a/FXR1 axis. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:8836-8848. [PMID: 32597038 PMCID: PMC7412710 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to explore the possible mechanism of TUG1 regulating ApoM in AS. To this end, expression levels of TUG1 and ApoM were measured in high fat dieted C57BL/6J mice, normal dieted C57BL/6J mice, ob/ob mice and db/db mice. LV‐TUG1 or sh‐TUG1 was injected into C57BL/6J mice before isolating peritoneal macrophages to measure cholesterol efflux (CE) and expression levels of ABCA1, ABCG1 and SR‐BI. Meanwhile, CE in RAW264.7 cells was also measured after cell transfection. Dual luciferase reporter assay and anti‐AGO2 RIP were applied to verify the relationship among TUG1, FXR1 and miR‐92a. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL‐C), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) as well as expressions of inflammatory cytokines (TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6) in plasma were measured. Knock‐down or expressed TUG1, FXR1 or miR‐92a in NCTC 1469 cells or in ApoE−/− AS mice to determine the alteration on ApoM and plaque size. TUG1 was highly expressed while ApoM was down‐regulated in high fat dieted C57BL/6J mice, b/ob and db/db mice. Overexpression of TUG1 could reduce the expression of ApoM, ABCA1 and ABCG1 in addition to slowing down CE rate. Reversed expression pattern was found in cells with knock‐down of TUG1. TUG1 can compete with FXR1 to bind miR‐92a. FXR1 negatively target ApoM. Overexpression of TUG1 in ApoE−/− mice can increase plaque size and enhance macrophage contents accordingly. TUG1 can inhibit ApoM in both liver tissues and plasma to inhibit CE through regulating miR‐92a/ FXR1 axis. TUG1 is a promising target for AS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- International Medical Center, Geriatric Department, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tie Li
- Department of Cardiology, Changsha Central Hospital, Changsha, China
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94
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Serum level of HDL particles are independently associated with long-term prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease: The GENES study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8138. [PMID: 32424189 PMCID: PMC7234989 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65100-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) is not an accurate surrogate marker to measure the cardioprotective functions of HDL in coronary artery diseases (CAD) patients. Hence, measurement of other HDL-related parameters may have prognostic superiority over HDL-C. In this work, we examined the predictive value of HDL particles profile for long-term mortality in CAD patients and to compare its informative value to that of HDL-C and apoA-I. HDL particles profiles were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in 214 male participants with stable CAD (45-74 years). Median follow up was 12.5 years with a 36.4% mortality rate. Cardiovascular mortality accounted for 64.5%. Mean concentrations of total HDL particles (HDL-P), small-sized HDL (SHDL-P) and apoA-I were lower in deceased than in surviving patients whereas no difference was observed according to HDL-C and large HDL particles. All NMR-HDL measures were correlated between themselves and with other HDL markers (HDL-C, apoA-I and LpA-I). In a multivariate model adjusted for cardiovascular risk factors and bioclinical variables, HDL-P and SHDL-P displayed the strongest inverse association with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Weaker associations were recorded for apoA-I. Based on our results, we conclude that HDL particle profile measured by NMR spectroscopy should be considered to better stratify risk in population at high risk or in the setting of pharmacotherapy.
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95
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Castaño D, Rattanasopa C, Monteiro-Cardoso VF, Corlianò M, Liu Y, Zhong S, Rusu M, Liehn EA, Singaraja RR. Lipid efflux mechanisms, relation to disease and potential therapeutic aspects. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:54-93. [PMID: 32423566 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are hydrophobic and amphiphilic molecules involved in diverse functions such as membrane structure, energy metabolism, immunity, and signaling. However, altered intra-cellular lipid levels or composition can lead to metabolic and inflammatory dysfunction, as well as lipotoxicity. Thus, intra-cellular lipid homeostasis is tightly regulated by multiple mechanisms. Since most peripheral cells do not catabolize cholesterol, efflux (extra-cellular transport) of cholesterol is vital for lipid homeostasis. Defective efflux contributes to atherosclerotic plaque development, impaired β-cell insulin secretion, and neuropathology. Of these, defective lipid efflux in macrophages in the arterial walls leading to foam cell and atherosclerotic plaque formation has been the most well studied, likely because a leading global cause of death is cardiovascular disease. Circulating high density lipoprotein particles play critical roles as acceptors of effluxed cellular lipids, suggesting their importance in disease etiology. We review here mechanisms and pathways that modulate lipid efflux, the role of lipid efflux in disease etiology, and therapeutic options aimed at modulating this critical process.
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96
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Betzler BK, Rim TH, Sabanayagam C, Cheung CMG, Cheng CY. High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Age-Related Ocular Diseases. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E645. [PMID: 32331355 PMCID: PMC7226134 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is limited understanding of the specific role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in the development of various age-related ocular diseases, despite it being a common measurable biomarker in lipid profiles. This literature review summarizes current knowledge of the role of HDL-C, if any, in pathogenesis and progression of four age-related ocular diseases, namely age-related macular degeneration (AMD), age-related cataract, glaucoma, and diabetic retinopathy (DR), and will primarily discuss epidemiological and genetic evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Kaijun Betzler
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore;
| | - Tyler Hyungtaek Rim
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (T.H.R.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.C.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Charumathi Sabanayagam
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (T.H.R.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.C.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Chui Ming Gemmy Cheung
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (T.H.R.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.C.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Ching-Yu Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 169856, Singapore; (T.H.R.); (C.S.); (C.M.G.C.)
- Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (EYE-ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
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97
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Tanaka S, Couret D, Tran-Dinh A, Duranteau J, Montravers P, Schwendeman A, Meilhac O. High-density lipoproteins during sepsis: from bench to bedside. Crit Care 2020; 24:134. [PMID: 32264946 PMCID: PMC7140566 DOI: 10.1186/s13054-020-02860-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
High-density lipoproteins (HDLs) represent a family of particle characterized by the presence of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and by their ability to transport cholesterol from peripheral tissues back to the liver conferring them a cardioprotective function. HDLs also display pleiotropic properties including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory, or anti-infectious functions. Clinical data demonstrate that HDL cholesterol levels decrease rapidly during sepsis and that these low levels are correlated with morbi-mortality. Experimental studies emphasized notable structural and functional modifications of HDL particles in inflammatory states, including sepsis. Finally, HDL infusion in animal models of sepsis improved survival and provided a global endothelial protective effect. These clinical and experimental studies reinforce the potential of HDL therapy in human sepsis. In this review, we will detail the different effects of HDLs that may be relevant under inflammatory conditions and the lipoprotein changes during sepsis and we will discuss the potentiality of HDL therapy in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Tanaka
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- AP-HP, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
| | - David Couret
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre de la Réunion, France
| | - Alexy Tran-Dinh
- AP-HP, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science Bichat Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jacques Duranteau
- AP-HP, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Sud, Hôpital de Bicêtre, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
- Laboratoire d'étude de la Microcirculation, "Bio-CANVAS: biomarkers in CardioNeuroVascular DISEASES" UMRS 942, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Montravers
- AP-HP, Service d'Anesthésie-Réanimation, CHU Bichat-Claude Bernard, Paris, France
- Inserm UMR1152. Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie des Maladies Respiratoires, Paris, France
| | - Anna Schwendeman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Olivier Meilhac
- Université de La Réunion, INSERM, UMR 1188 Diabète athérothombose Réunion Océan Indien (DéTROI), Saint-Denis de La Réunion, France.
- CHU de La Réunion, Saint-Pierre de la Réunion, France.
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98
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Akan S, Urkmez A. Association between atherogenic dyslipidemia and fournier’s gangrene. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2020; 66:479-484. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.66.4.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether atherogenic dyslipidemia is associated with the disease and morbidity in our patients treated for Fournier’s gangrene (FG). METHODS Sixty-two patients who were treated with the diagnosis of FG at our center between 2012 and 2017 were retrospectively screened. RESULTS The triglyceride values of the patients who required reconstructive surgery were statistically significantly higher than those of the patients for whom wound debridement and primary suturing was sufficient (p:0.001). A total of 65.7% of the patients had normal triglyceride values in the group in which wound debridement and primary suturing was sufficient, while this rate was 22.2% in the group of patients who needed reconstructive surgery; the difference was statistically significant (p: 0.002). The UFGSI score of those with triglyceride values higher than the normal range was statistically significantly higher (p:0.006). The cut-off point for the triglyceride value for which Fournier’s gangrene was more morbid and the probability of reconstructive surgery need was significantly higher, i.e., >233mg. CONCLUSION Our study has demonstrated that atherogenic dyslipidemia, especially hypertriglyceridemia, is an important factor affecting morbidity and associated with high patient care costs after hospitalization and discharge in FG.
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99
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Jomard A, Osto E. High Density Lipoproteins: Metabolism, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:39. [PMID: 32296714 PMCID: PMC7136892 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
High Density Lipoproteins (HDLs) have long been considered as “good cholesterol,” beneficial to the whole body and, in particular, to cardio-vascular health. However, HDLs are complex particles that undergoes dynamic remodeling through interactions with various enzymes and tissues throughout their life cycle, making the complete understanding of its functions and roles more complicated than initially expected. In this review, we explore the novel understanding of HDLs' behavior in health and disease as a multifaceted class of lipoprotein, with different size subclasses, molecular composition, receptor interactions, and functionality. Further, we report on emergent HDL-based therapeutics tested in small and larger scale clinical trials and their mixed successes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Jomard
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena Osto
- Laboratory of Translational Nutrition Biology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Department of Cardiology, Heart Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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100
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Panee J, Pomozi V, Franke AA, Le Saux O, Gerschenson M. Chronic marijuana use moderates the correlations of serum cholesterol with systemic mitochondrial function and fluid cognition. Mitochondrion 2020; 52:135-143. [PMID: 32169611 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Activating type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor decreases the particle size of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and inhibits reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). This study examined whether marijuana (MJ) use is associated with changes of RCT, and how the latter is associated with mitochondrial function and fluid cognition. We recruited 19 chronic MJ users and 20 nonusers with matched age, BMI, sex, ethnicity, and education. We measured their fluid cognition, mitochondrial function (basal and max respiration, ATP production) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, cholesterol content in serum lipoprotein fractions, enterolactone/creatinine ratio in urine as a marker for dietary polyphenol intake, and lipase activity in serum. We found that higher percentage of large HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) correlated positively, while that of small HDL-C correlated inversely, with mitochondrial function among MJ users, but correlations of the opposite directions were found among nonusers. The concentrations of large and intermediate HDL-C correlated positively with mitochondrial function and fluid cognition among MJ users, but not among nonusers. Both percentage and concentration of large HDL-C correlated positively, while those of small HDL-C correlated inversely, with amounts of daily and lifetime MJ use. In all participants, higher urinary enterolactone/creatinine ratio and lower serum lipase activity were associated with higher large HDL-C/small HDL-C ratio, implying greater RCT. This study suggests that high MJ use may compromise RCT, which is strongly associated with mitochondrial function and fluid cognition among MJ users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Panee
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
| | - Viola Pomozi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Adrian A Franke
- Cancer Biology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Olivier Le Saux
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
| | - Mariana Gerschenson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, 651 Ilalo Street BSB 222, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA
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